title: Topical toxicity of two acetonic fractions of Trichilia havanensis Jacq. and four insecticides to larvae and adults of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae).
abstract: The toxicity of botanical origin compounds such as two acetonic fractions of the seed kernels of the Meliacea Trichilia havanensis Jacq with insecticide properties (azadirone (F12) and the mixture F18 [1,7+3,7-di-O-acethylhavanensin (4:1)], three insecticides commercially available (imidacloprid, natural pyrethrins+PBO, triflumuron) and phloxine B, were tested in the laboratory. Topical bioassays using third instar and newly emerged adults of the lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) at the maximum field recommended rate in Spain for commercials and at 1,000 ppm of active ingredient for T. havanensis acetone fractions and phloxine-B, were carried out. Imidacloprid and triflumuron were very toxic to third instar larvae inhibiting adult emergence, being the rest of insecticides harmless. Fecundity and fertility were not affected by the non-toxic compounds. Concerning adults, only imidacloprid and natural pyrethrins killed them significantly 24 hours after treatment. Phloxine B, triflumuron and T. havanensis fractions were harmless and did not cause any effect on fecundity and fertility with the exception of triflumuron, which reduced considerably the egg hatch. It can be concluded that T. havanensis acetonic fractions and phloxine B were non-toxic to larvae and adults of C. carnea when treated topically, whereas triflumuron, natural pyrethrins and imidacloprid affected one or more of the evaluated parameters under our conditions.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, E.T.S.I.Agrónomos, Ciudad Universitaria, s/n. 28040-Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Smagghe
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castañera
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Viñuela
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D007313:Insecta / Q000469:parasitology*; D007306:Insecticides; D007814:Larva; D029582:Meliaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000469:parasitology*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010058:Oviposition; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011235:Predatory Behavior; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011722:Pyrethrins; D000096:Acetone; C082359:imidacloprid