title: Phase II study of capecitabine in patients with fluorouracil-resistant metastatic colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Capecitabine is an oral fluoropyrimidine converted to fluourouracil (FU) preferentially in tumor tissue. It has proven clinical activity against colorectal cancer when used as first-line therapy. The objectives of this study were to assess the safety and efficacy of capecitabine in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma who progressed despite previous FU therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  According to the group sequential analysis design of this study, accrual would stop if no responses were observed in the first 20 patients treated. If one or more objective responses were confirmed, the trial would be expanded. Patients received capecitabine 1,250 mg/m(2) twice a day for 14 days, every 3 weeks. Tumor lesions were assessed every 6 weeks, and patients were followed for survival every 3 months after completing treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three patients were enrolled onto the study; 22 fulfilled all the eligibility criteria. No objective responses were observed among the 22 eligible patients; 11 patients (50%) had stable disease for a median duration of 141 days (range, 88-289 days). The Kaplan-Meier estimate of median time to disease progression was 64 days (95% CI, 41 to 134 days). The median survival time estimate was 389 days (95% CI, 267 to 637 days). The most frequent treatment-related adverse events were hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, and nausea or vomiting. There were no grade 4 toxicities and no treatment-related deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-agent capecitabine in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma refractory to FU showed no objective responses and clinical benefit that was, at best, modest. The use of capecitabine in combination with other treatments in this patient population is under investigation.
authors.affiliation: FACP, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 426, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA. phoff@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Paulo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pazdur
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lassere
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Dvorit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samid
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Polito
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil