title: Urinary glucocorticoid excretion in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets.
abstract: Hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets is usually associated with unaltered plasma concentrations of cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), although the urinary corticoid/creatinine ratio (UCCR) is commonly elevated. In this study the urinary glucocorticoid excretion was investigated in healthy ferrets and in ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism under different circumstances. In healthy ferrets and in one ferret with hyperadrenocorticism, approximately 10% of plasma cortisol and its metabolites was excreted in the urine. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed one third of the urinary corticoids to be unconjugated cortisol; the other peaks mainly represented cortisol conjugates and metabolites. In 21 healthy sexually intact ferrets, the UCCR started to increase by the end of March and declined to initial values halfway the breeding season (June). In healthy neutered ferrets there was no significant seasonal influence on the UCCR. In two neutered ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism the UCCR was increased, primarily during the breeding season. In 27 of 31 privately owned ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism, the UCCR was higher than the upper limit of the reference range (2.1 x 10(-6)). In 12 of 14 healthy neutered ferrets dexamethasone administration decreased the UCCR by more than 50%, whereas in only 1 of the 28 hyperadrenocorticoid ferrets did the UCCR decrease by more than 50%. We conclude that the UCCR in ferrets primarily reflects cortisol excretion. In healthy sexually intact ferrets and in ferrets with hyperadrenocorticism the UCCR increases during the breeding season. The increased UCCR in hyperadrenocorticoid ferrets is resistant to suppression by dexamethasone, indicating ACTH-independent cortisol production.
authors.affiliation: Division of Avian and Exotic Animal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 8, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands. n.j.schoemaker@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfswinkel
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mol
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Voorhout
authors.forename: M J L
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kik
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lumeij
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rijnberk
mesh_terms: D000308:Adrenocortical Hyperfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine* / Q000662:veterinary*; D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005260:Female; D005289:Ferrets / Q000652:urine*; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000652:urine*; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000662:veterinary; D012016:Reference Values; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003907:Dexamethasone; D003404:Creatinine; D006854:Hydrocortisone