title: Effect of side-down tilt on optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after-nystagmus in cats.
abstract: Slow phase velocity (SPV) of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and after-nystagmus (OKAN) was examined in the cat in side-down tilts. In the upright position, the axis of SPV (direction of SPV vector) during OKN was always close to the stimulus axis. In side-down positions, yaw stimulation induced OKN with the vector deviating from the stimulus axis toward the pitch-axis, so as to make the SPV rotational plane be shifted toward the earth horizontal plane, while pitch-axis stimulation induced no change in vector direction. This yaw-to-pitch cross-coupling is qualitatively similar to that previously described in primates. SPV vector size during yaw stimulation is greatest when the stimulus axis is oriented vertically, and the vector size is smaller when the stimulus is in the gravity direction than when it is in the anti-gravity direction. The SPV vector for the rapid-rise response showed no clear change with head orientation, indicating that the direct optokinetic pathway has no contribution to the induction of cross-coupling. Cross-coupling was found also during OKAN. The SPV trajectories were fitted well using the velocity storage integrator model. SPV vector change of cat OKN/OKAN in head tilt could be fitted by changing gain elements in the model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan. tkitama@yamanashi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitama
authors.forename: Hong-ge
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004584:Electronystagmography; D006257:Head; D008959:Models, Neurological; D017120:Nystagmus, Optokinetic / Q000502:physiology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*