title: Surgery of cavoatrial tumor thrombus in nephroblastoma: a report of the SIOP/GPOH study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resection of a Wilms tumor extending through the inferior vena cava into the right atrium represents a challenge to the pediatric surgeon. Exact preoperative diagnosis is essential to identify the tumor and its intravascular extension. To achieve a complete excision of the tumor cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia may be required. The feasibility of a complete resection is important as it guides subsequent therapy such as chemotherapy and radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In order to define these issues, we reviewed the records of 33 of 1,151. Patients enrolled in the SIOP 93-01/GPOH Study and the SIOP 2001/GPOH Study who had a tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava and into the right atrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age at diagnosis was 3.73 years. Twenty-four patients had a tumor thrombus into the inferior vena cava, in nine patients the thrombus reached into the right atrium. All patients were operated on; cardiopulmonary bypass was used in nine patients. There were no deaths intraoperatively. Twenty-nine children are still alive; four patients died, one patient due to aspiration and failed resuscitation, two patients died from a recurrent tumor, and one child due to an unresectable primary tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our report suggests that Wilms tumor extending to the inferior vena cava and the right atrium is technical challenging, but with adequate preoperative diagnosis and a multidisciplinary surgical approach including cardiopulmonary bypass and hypothermia, the prognosis is favorable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. Philipp.Szavay@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szavay
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luithle
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Semler
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fuchs
mesh_terms: D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007223:Infant; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*