title: Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: two case reports and an update of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (MSP) may significantly hamper the normal development of children. Our aim was to describe the first two Israeli children who fit this diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case #1 was diagnosed at the age of seven months with failure to thrive, severe recurrent vomiting, and recurrent unexplained fever. Medical tests performed were normal. No improvement was noted following prolonged treatment, which included several surgical interventions. Case #2 was hospitalized at the age of four years because of recurrent convulsive episodes. Medical examinations performed were normal, and there was no improvement in the reported seizure disorder despite continuous treatment. In both cases, MSP was suspected because of a persistent illness that could not be explained by adequate medical basis, and because the symptoms and signs occurred only in the mother's presence. A confrontation was made, leading to rapid deterioration of the hitherto devoted relationship of the mother of case #1 with her child, and of the previous cooperative relationship of both mothers with the medical staff. Removal of both children from their families ensued, with considerable improvement within a brief period, which continued in a one- to two-year follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study reviews the required diagnostic criteria for MSP and possible treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Psychiatry Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel. mariamoldavsky@yahoo.com.ar
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moldavsky
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007557:Israel / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D016735:Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence