title: SV40 in human thyroid nodules.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simian virus 40 (SV40) has been a model experimental system for the study of cell transformation and tumorigenesis for many years. The study of SV40 in humans has aroused interest in the related BK virus (BKV) and JC virus (JCV) and their role in human disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  SV40 has been found in a variety of human samples, both malignant and normal. Many independent studies have suggested that SV40 plays a role for some cancers. However, in most cases the role of SV40 remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subject of this study consisted of 99 patients with thyroid nodules. Both thyroid nodule and normal thyroid tissue were taken from each patient to test whether they contained SV40 sequences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected SV40 sequences by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in four of 99 thyroid nodules. Two of them were papillary thyroid carcinomas and the others were benign thyroid nodules. No SV40 was detected in 99 of normal thyroid tissues of the same patients. DNA sequence analysis, performed in four positive samples, confirmed that PCR products belong to the SV40 T antigen (Tag) region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The possible role of SV40 in the development of thyroid nodules and the spread of SV40 by horizontal infection in the human population are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey. aozdarendeli@firat.edu.tr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozdarendeli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aygen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kirkil
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Toroman
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dogru
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Doymaz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013539:Simian virus 40 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000821:virology; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000821:virology*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral