title: Regulation of glucose transporter SGLT1 by ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 and kinases SGK1, SGK3, and PKB.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibits the ubiquitin ligase neuronal cell expressed developmentally downregulated 4-2 (Nedd4-2), which retards the retrieval of the epithelial Na+ channel ENaC. Accordingly, SGK1 enhances ENaC abundance in the cell membrane. The significance of this effect is shown by an association of an E8CC/CT;I6CC polymorphism in the SGK1 gene with increased blood pressure. However, strong expression of SGK1 in enterocytes not expressing ENaC points to further functions of SGK1. This study was performed to test for regulation of Na+-coupled glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) by Nedd4-2, SGK1, and/or the related kinases SGK3 and PKB. Additional studies searched for an association of the SGK1 gene with BMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  mRNA encoding SGLT1, wild-type Nedd4-2, inactive (C938S)Nedd4-2, wild type SGK1, constitutively active (S422D)SGK1 or inactive (K127N)SGK1, wild-type SGK3, and constitutively active (T308DS473D)PKB or inactive (T308AS473A)PKB were injected into Xenopus oocytes, and glucose transport was quantified from glucose-induced current (I(glc)). BMI was determined in individuals with or without the E8CC/CT;I6CC polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  I(glc) was significantly decreased by coexpression of Nedd4-2 but not of (C938S)Nedd4-2. Coexpression of SGK1, (S422D)SGK1, SGK3, or (T308DS473D)PKB, but not of (K127N)SGK1 or (T308AS473A)PKB, enhanced I(glc) and reversed the effect of Nedd4-2. SGK1 and SGK3 phosphorylated Nedd4-2. Deletion of the SGK/PKB phosphorylation sites in Nedd4-2 blunted the kinase effects. BMI was significantly (p < 0.008) greater in individuals with the E8CC/CT;I6CC polymorphism than in individuals without.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overactivity of SGK1 may lead not only to excessive ENaC activity and hypertension but also to enhanced SGLT1 activity and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology I, University of Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieter
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palmada
authors.forename: Jeyaganesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajamanickam
authors.forename: Atakan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aydin
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Busjahn
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boehmer
authors.forename: Friedrich C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Luft
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000075702:Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D014162:Transfection; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D014982:Xenopus laevis; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
chemical_list: D056827:Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; D053503:Epithelial Sodium Channels; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D000075702:Nedd4 Ubiquitin Protein Ligases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015222:Sodium Channels; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases; C495674:SLC5A1 protein, human; C000618482:Nedd4 protein, Xenopus; C000618483:Nedd4 protein, human; C000618485:Nedd4L protein, human; C000618460:nedd4l protein, Xenopus