title: Regulation of transcription by Saccharomyces cerevisiae 14-3-3 proteins.
abstract: 14-3-3 proteins form a family of highly conserved eukaryotic proteins involved in a wide variety of cellular processes, including signalling, apoptosis, cell-cycle control and transcriptional regulation. More than 150 binding partners have been found for these proteins. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two genes encoding 14-3-3 proteins, BMH1 and BMH2. A bmh1 bmh2 double mutant is unviable in most laboratory strains. Previously, we constructed a temperature-sensitive bmh2 mutant and showed that mutations in RTG3 and SIN4, both encoding transcriptional regulators, can suppress the temperature-sensitive phenotype of this mutant, suggesting an inhibitory role of the 14-3-3 proteins in Rtg3-dependent transcription [van Heusden and Steensma (2001) Yeast 18, 1479-1491]. In the present paper, we report a genome-wide transcription analysis of a temperature-sensitive bmh2 mutant. Steady-state mRNA levels of 60 open reading frames were increased more than 2.0-fold in the bmh2 mutant, whereas those of 78 open reading frames were decreased more than 2.0-fold. In agreement with our genetic experiments, six genes known to be regulated by Rtg3 showed elevated mRNA levels in the mutant. In addition, several genes with other cellular functions, including those involved in gluconeogenesis, ergosterol biosynthesis and stress response, had altered mRNA levels in the mutant. Our data show that the yeast 14-3-3 proteins negatively regulate Rtg3-dependent transcription, stimulate the transcription of genes involved in ergosterol metabolism and in stress response and are involved in transcription regulation of multiple other genes.
authors.affiliation: Section Yeast Genetics, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bruckmann
authors.forename: H Yde
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Steensma
authors.forename: M Joost
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira De Mattos
authors.forename: G Paul H
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Van Heusden
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000235:genetics; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; C097164:BMH2 protein, S cerevisiae; D051778:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C081935:MSN2 protein, S cerevisiae; C081937:MSN4 protein, S cerevisiae; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C104438:RTG3 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004875:Ergosterol