title: Pigment cell lineage-specific expression activity of the ascidian tyrosinase-related gene.
abstract: Solitary ascidian tadpole larvae develop two types of black pigment cells in the major sensory organs of the brain. Such pigment cells have been demonstrated to express the melanogenic genes, tyrosinase and Tyrp/TRP (tyrosinase-related protein). To understand the genetic and developmental mechanisms underlying the differentiation of chordate pigment cells, we examined the function of the promoter region of Tyrp/TRP gene, an ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) tyrosinase family gene. The expression of the gene in pigment cell lineage starts at the early-mid gastrula stages. To identify the transcriptional regulatory region of the gene allowing cell-type-specific expression, a deletion series of the HrTyrp 5' flanking region fused to a lacZ reporter gene was constructed and microinjected into ascidian fertilized eggs. The region of 73 bp in HrTyrp was identified as sufficient for expression in pigment cell-precursors of tailbud stage embryos. It is noteworthy that there is no M-box element highly conserved in the promoters for vertebrate tyrosinase family genes such as tyrosinase, Tyrp1/TRP-1 and Tyrp2/TRP-2 (Dct). Although the regulatory system of ascidian pigment-cell development is likely to contain most factors critical to vertebrate pigment-cell development, there might be critical differences in the mode of regulation, such as the developmental timing of interactions of factors, proteins and genes, involved in pigment cell differentiation and pigmentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Biological Institute, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba, Sendai City, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan.
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saiga
authors.forename: Kazuho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeo
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gojobori
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Numakunai
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019070:Cell Lineage; D002938:Ciona intestinalis / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014561:Urochordata / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D004247:DNA; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C064056:tyrosinase-related protein-1; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase; D019746:Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; C042501:dopachrome isomerase