title: Three-dimensional echocardiography is superior to multiplane transoesophageal echo in the assessment of regurgitant mitral valve morphology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) plays a vital role in the assessment of mitral valve morphology. However, the accuracy of TOE may be limited by inadequate recognition of all segments. We aimed to evaluate the role of three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography in this respect.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five patients were studied prior to mitral valve repair surgery. A scoring protocol was devised for recognition of the eight Carpentier segments (0=inadequate for analysis, 1=adequate, 2=good). Using surgical findings as the gold standard, TOE and 3D were compared for adequate recognition scores and accurate detection of functional morphology. Adequate recognition was more frequently obtained with 3D imaging (97% of segments by 3D c.f. 90% by TOE; p = 0.000). The major difference was seen at the commissures (adequate scores in 143/150 commissures by 3D c.f. 90/150 by TOE; p = 0.000). 3D matched more closely to surgical findings, achieving exact functional description in 92% of segments vs 79% segments with TOE (p = 0.000). This incremental value of 3D was seen in both commissures and the anterior leaflet but not in the posterior leaflet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study 3D was superior not only for complete recognition of the mitral valve but also for the accurate localisation and identification of pathology.
authors.affiliation: Regional Cardiothoracic Unit, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, Manchester M23 9LT, UK.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macnab
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Benjamin J M
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bridgewater
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Greenhalgh
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: Simon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ray
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies