title: [Studies on clinical characteristics of nicotine dependence using a two compartment model of drug dependence].
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to develop a new clinical evaluation form to compare the clinical characteristics of nicotine dependence with those associated with other drugs of abuse, using a two-compartment model consisting of "drug dependence" and "dependence syndrome". The evaluation form consisted of five scoring items: subjective effects, drug liking, withdrawal syndrome, acute psychic and acute physical disorders, and social disturbance. "Drug dependence" was defined by positive scores on the "drug liking" item. "Dependence syndrome" was defined by positive scores on drug-induced pathological symptoms (withdrawal syndrome, and acute psychic and physical disorders) and social disturbance. The subjects were dependent on nicotine (cigarette smoking) (n = 114), alcohol (n = 101), methamphetamine (n = 90), inhalants (n = 63), and benzodiazepines (n = 39). All subjects met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for drug dependence. Nicotine produced a mild or the least degree of drug liking and withdrawal syndrome, without any significant social disturbance, or acute disorders. The other four drugs produced more intensive degrees of withdrawal syndrome and acute psychic and physical symptoms, with more significant social disturbance than nicotine. The present study indicated that nicotine dependence differed from other forms of drug dependence in that nicotine was not associated with "dependence syndrome".
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisatsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Tomoji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yanagita
authors.forename: Sadanobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ushijima
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyasato
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D012919:Social Behavior; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*