title: Tubal sterilization and risk of ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer. A Danish population-based follow-up study of more than 65 000 sterilized women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On the basis of a population-based cohort, we assessed the cancer risk, focusing on gynaecological cancers and pre-malignant lesions, among women with a previous tubal sterilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Danish Hospital Discharge Register we identified 65 232 women who had a tubal sterilization (1977-1993). The cohort was followed for cancer occurrence, and compared with the expected number based on the national cancer incidence rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall risk of ovarian cancer was decreased (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.0), and it was still decreased > or =10 years after the sterilization (SIR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.4, 1.0). The rate of endometrial cancer was also decreased (SIR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.5, 1.0), the risk continued being moderately reduced during follow-up, although it was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this nationwide, population-based study we find that women with tubal sterilization have a decreased risk of subsequent development of ovarian cancer. As the protective effect is not decreasing with years of follow-up, our data do not support that 'screening' bias can explain the protective effect, but indicate that the sterilization itself may convey a reduction in risk. The same pattern is found for endometrial cancer, the association being less strong.
authors.affiliation: Danish Cancer Society, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen, Denmark. susanne@cancer.dk
authors.forename: Susanne K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kjaer
authors.forename: Lene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mellemkjaer
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Brinton
authors.forename: Christoffer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gridley
authors.forename: Jørgen H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Olsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology