title: Effects of pesticides on sporulation of Cyclospora cayetanensis and viability of Cryptosporidium parvum.
abstract: Disease outbreaks caused by the coccidian parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis in food have been linked to consumption of raspberries that may have been contaminated through exposure to water mixed with insecticides and fungicides that may have been sprayed onto the berries. Three different fungicides (captan 50% W.P., benomyl 50% W.P., and zineb 75% W.P.) and two different insecticides (malathion 25% W.P. and diazinon 4E 47.5%) were evaluated at five different concentrations and for exposure times of 30 min to 1 week. Sporulation of C. cayetanensis did not decrease with use of any of the pesticides from time periods of 30 min to 24 h at all concentrations. Sporulation percentage was reduced with the fungicide benomyl at 1 week of exposure. The growth of the parasite Cryptosporidium parvum was also evaluated using captan 50% W.P., benomyl 50% W.P., and diazinon 4E 47.5%. Oocyst infectivity was reduced only after 7 days of exposure. These results indicate that these pesticides used at recommended concentration levels do not affect the sporulation of Cyclospora.
authors.affiliation: Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA.
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sathyanarayanan
authors.forename: Ynes
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ortega
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D021744:Cyclospora / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016266:Food Parasitology; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D033661:Oocysts; D033761:Spores, Protozoan / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D007306:Insecticides