title: Evaluation of meniscal repair with serial magnetic resonance imaging: a comparative study between conventional MRI and indirect MR arthrography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively investigate the healing process of meniscal repair with plain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and indirect MR arthrography and to compare the two methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with an arthroscopic meniscal repair without clinical symptoms underwent conventional and indirect MR arthrography of the affected knee, 3, 6 and 12 months after the index operation applying a T1-w Spin Echo sequence in three planes. The size of the tear gap was measured on transverse images. The signal-to-noise ratio and the configuration of the abnormal signal were evaluated in the coronal images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients demonstrated abnormal signal intensity at the side of the meniscal repair. The size of the gap at the previous tear side, reduced significantly by 45 and 40% on conventional MRI and indirect MR arthrography respectively, from 3 months to 1 year (P < 0.05). The signal-to-noise ratio of the intrameniscal abnormal signal reduced significantly and approximately 50% from 3 to 6 months, and from 6 to 12 months postoperatively, as demonstrated with indirect MR arthrography. However, as opposed to normal meniscus, the signal-to-noise ratio of the abnormal area remains 5.5 times higher 12 months postoperatively. In contrast, the reduction of signal-to-noise ratio of the abnormal area at conventional MRI was not significant even from 3 to 12 months. In 90% of the cases, the indirect MR arthrography showed the intrameniscal abnormal signal on plain MRI, to extend to the articular surface as opposed to 25% on plain MRI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With indirect MR arthrography, the natural process of meniscal healing can be evaluated. Significant reduction of the size of the tear gap and significant reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio of the abnormal signal as well as its configuration are the main parameters interpretating the normal healing process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Larissa, Medical School, University of Thessalia, Larissa, Greece. hantesmi@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hantes
authors.forename: Vasilios C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Zachos
authors.forename: Aristidis H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zibis
authors.forename: Panagiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papanagiotou
authors.forename: Theophilos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karachalios
authors.forename: Theophilos
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karahalios
authors.forename: Konstantinos N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Malizos
authors.forename: Apostolos H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Karantanas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001175:Arthrography / Q000379:methods*; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008592:Menisci, Tibial / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D010808:Physical Examination; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries; D016896:Treatment Outcome