title: Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence in the UK.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) is an effective therapy for faecal incontinence. Published studies derive largely from single centres and there is a need to determine the broader applicability of this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective data were collected for all patients undergoing SNS in the UK. Records were reviewed to determine the outcome of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In three UK centres 59 patients underwent peripheral nerve evaluation, with 46 (78 per cent) proceeding to permanent implantation. Of these 46 patients (40 women) all but two had improved continence at a median of 12 (range 1-72) months. Faecal incontinence improved from a median (range) of 7.5 (1-78) to 1 (0-39) episodes per week (P < 0.001). Urgency improved in all but five of 39 patients in whom ability to defer defaecation was determined, improving from a median of 1 (range 0-5) to 10 (range from 1 to more than 15) min (P < 0.001). Maximum anal squeeze pressure and sensory function to rectal distension changed significantly. Significant improvement occurred in general health (P = 0.024), mental health (P = 0.008), emotional role (P = 0.034), social function (P = 0.013) and vitality (P = 0.009) subscales of the Short Form 36 health survey questionnaire. There were no major complications. One implant was removed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SNS is a safe and effective treatment, in the medium to long term, for faecal incontinence when conservative treatment has failed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, St Mark's Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, UK.
authors.forename: M E D
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Duthie
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nicholls
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome