title: Various surgical treatments of chronic subdural hematoma and outcome in 172 patients: is membranectomy necessary?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The initial surgical management of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is still controversial, and a standard therapy does not exist. Because of the advanced age and multiple medical problems of the patients, surgical therapy is frequently associated with complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was performed on 172 patients with CSDH, comparing the efficacy of three different primary surgical methods: drainage of hematoma through two different burr-holes without membranectomy (Group A, n = 38); enlarged craniectomy with a size of about 30 mm craniotomy with partial membranectomy and drainage (Group B, n = 121); and extended craniotomy with partial membranectomy and drainage (Group C, n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent of surgical method, the general outcome of the patients was good. The rate of reoperation in the group of burr-hole drainage was 16%, slightly lower than in partial membranectomy with enlarged craniectomy or extended craniotomy with 18% and 23%, respectively. In patients with coagulopathy, the rate of reoperation was 41% (16/43), significantly higher than the rate in noncoagulopathic patients 12% (15/129).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, an extended surgical approach with partial membranectomy has no advantages regarding the rate of reoperation and the outcome. As initial treatment, burr-hole drainage with irrigation of the hematoma cavity and closed-system drainage is recommended. Extended craniotomy with membranectomy is now reserved for instances of acute rebleeding with solid hematoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Jin-Yul
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ebel
authors.forename: Ralf-Ingo
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Ernestus
authors.forename: Norfrid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klug
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003399:Craniotomy; D005260:Female; D020200:Hematoma, Subdural, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed