title: Expertise and peripheral autonomic activity during the preparation phase in shooting events.
abstract: This study compared effectiveness of the concentration period in two groups of shooters to evaluate the influence of their expertise while concentrating on the target. Marksmen (pistol shooters, 10 men and 5 women) and pentathletes (6 men and 7 women) took part in a shooting competition in keeping with the rules of each event. Participants were then asked to imagine themselves shooting, at the laboratory. Five variables representing the activity of the autonomic nervous system were continuously recorded (skin resistance and potential, skin blood flow, skin temperature, instantaneous heart rate). Autonomic responses recorded during concentration, actual shooting, and mental imagery were compared by calculating the ratios concentration/ shooting and imagery/shooting. The resultant mean ratio was used to characterize each participant. The same autonomic nervous system pattern was observed during concentrating on the target, mental imagery, and actual shooting. However, marksmen showed ratios closer to 1.0 than pentathletes, absolute mean differences being .06 and .3, respectively. Shorter duration and weakest amplitude responses were recorded during the concentration phase in the Pentathlete group, suggesting that they have more difficulty in using mental imagery during competition than marksmen. When subjects performed well, a specific response pattern was observed in the Marksman group, but not in the Pentathlete group, except in skin potential. In both Marksman and Pentathlete groups, a majority of negative skin potential responses were found in the concentration and shooting phases for the best shots.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Aymeric
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guillot
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Collet
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Molinaro
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dittmar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D004566:Electrodes; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D011361:Professional Competence; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013814:Thermal Conductivity