title: Clinical usefulness of botulinum toxin in the lower extremity.
abstract: As the literature that pertains to botulinum toxin expands, the scope of treatment options broadens. Although initial uses of botulinum toxin focused around the head and neck, there are many uses for the toxin in the area of the foot and ankle; more possibilities are under investigation every day. We review the uses and techniques for botulinum toxin in the foot and ankle and present results of botulinum toxin treatment in 10 idiopathic toe walkers.
authors.affiliation: Children's Orthopaedics of Louisville, 3900 Kresge Way, Suite 52, Louisville, KY 40241, USA. dljacks5@netscape.net
authors.forename: Laura K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Jacks
authors.forename: Dawn M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.forename: Beth P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L Andrew
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Koman
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shilt
mesh_terms: D000842:Ankle; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A