title: Possible causes of chromosome instability: comparison of chromosomal abnormalities in cancer cell lines with mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHK2 and BUB1.
abstract: A large proportion of epithelial cancers show the chromosome-instability phenotype, in which they have many chromosome abnormalities. This is thought to be the result of mutations that disrupt chromosome maintenance, but the causative mutations are not known. We identified cell lines known to have mutations that might cause chromosome instability, and examined their karyotypes. Two cell lines, the breast cancer line HCC1937 and the pancreatic cancer line CAPAN-1, that have mutations respectively in BRCA1 and BRCA2, had very abnormal karyotypes, with many structural and numerical chromosome changes and substantial variation between metaphases. However, two colorectal cancer lines with mutations in BUB1, a spindle checkpoint protein involved in chromosome segregation, had rather simple near-tetraploid karyotypes, with minimal loss or gain of chromosomes other than the endoreduplication event, and minimal structural change. Apart from tetraploidy, these karyotypes were typical of colorectal lines considered to be chromosomally stable. Two lines derived from the same tumour, DLD-1 and HCT-15, with bi-allelic mutation of CHK2, had karyotypes that were typical of near-diploid colorectal lines considered chromosomally stable. The karyotypes observed supported the proposed role for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in chromosomal instability, but showed that the tested mutations in BUB1 and CHK2 did not result in karyotypes that would have been predicted if they were sufficient for chromosomal instability.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Genomics Program, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grigorova
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Staines
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozdag
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caldas
authors.forename: P A W
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000782:Aneuploidy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D043171:Chromosomal Instability / Q000235:genetics*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D020223:Chromosome Painting; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008677:Metaphase; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011494:Protein Kinases; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C584277:BUB1 protein, human; C090464:Bub1 spindle checkpoint protein; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases