title: Akt and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 independently enhance tumor growth and angiogenesis.
abstract: Recent reports have suggested that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling can induce angiogenesis and tumor growth by activating the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). However, the absence of specific biochemical inhibitors of HIF-1 signaling has prevented a direct test of the requirement for HIF-1 activity in Akt-dependent tumorigenesis. To genetically test the relationship between HIF-1 and Akt, activated Akt was expressed in a hepatoma cell line lacking HIF-1. Akt expression was associated with a dramatic increase in tumor size, despite the absence of HIF-1. Tumor size was not further increased in cells with reconstituted HIF-1 activity, indicating that the effects of Akt on tumorigenesis were not limited by the absence of HIF-1. Increased tumor size in Akt-expressing, HIF-deficient cells was associated with vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and tumor vascularization. In addition to vascular endothelial growth factor production, Akt also conferred a cell-autonomous competitive advantage to tumor cells in an in vivo competition experiment. Thus, Akt has potent, HIF-1-independent oncogenic and angiogenic activities.
authors.affiliation: Committee on Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Arsham
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Plas
authors.forename: Craig B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: M Celeste
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt