title: Pneumocystis activates human alveolar macrophage NF-kappaB signaling through mannose receptors.
abstract: Alveolar macrophages (AM) represent important effector cells in the innate immune response to the AIDS-related pathogen Pneumocystis, but the early AM host defense signaling events are poorly defined. Using AM from healthy individuals, we showed in the present study that Pneumocystis organisms stimulate AM NF-kappaB p50 and p65 nuclear translocation in a time-dependent and multiplicity-of-infection-dependent manner as determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunofluorescence microscopy and that NF-kappaB nuclear translocation is associated with I-kappaB phosphorylation. Importantly, competitive inhibition of mannose receptor and targeted short interfering RNA-mediated gene suppression of mannose receptor mRNA and protein is associated with complete elimination of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation in response to Pneumocystis. Furthermore, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of AM (as a model human disease state of reduced AM mannose receptor expression and function) inhibits Pneumocystis-mediated NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and is associated with reduced I-kappaB phosphorylation and reduced interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. In contrast, NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and IL-8 release in response to lipopolysaccharide are intact in AM from both healthy and HIV-infected individuals, indicating that the observed impairment is not a global disturbance of the NF-kappaB pathway. Thus, in addition to phagocytic and endocytic effector functions, the present study identifies mannose receptors as pattern recognition receptors capable of NF-kappaB activation in response to infectious non-self challenge. AM mannose receptor-mediated NF-kappaB activation may represent an important mechanism of the host cell response to Pneumocystis, and altered NF-kappaB activation in the context of HIV infection may impair a critical innate immune signaling response and may contribute to pathogenesis of opportunistic lung infections.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Jianmin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jinping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imrich
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushion
authors.forename: T Bernard
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Kinane
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koziel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020868:Gene Silencing; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011010:Pneumocystis / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D051381:Rats; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D000090323:Mannose Receptor; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface