title: Photochemical inactivation of selected viruses and bacteria in platelet concentrates using riboflavin and light.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A medical device is being developed for the reduction of pathogens in PLT concentrates (PCs). The device uses broadband UV light and the compound riboflavin (vitamin B(2)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathogens were added to single-donor PLTs. After treatment, the infectivity of each pathogen was measured using established biologic assays. In vitro PLT performance was evaluated after treatment and after 5 days of storage using a panel of 10 in-vitro cell quality assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In studies with viral pathogens, the Pathogen Reduction Technology (PRT) system provided average log reduction factors of 4.46 +/- 0.39 for intracellular HIV, 5.93 +/- 0.20 for cells associated HIV, and 5.19 +/- 0.50 for West Nile virus. For the nonenveloped porcine parvovirus, a reduction factor greater than 5.0 log was observed. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli bacteria were also tested with observed reduction factors to the limits of detection of 4.0 log or greater. PLT cell quality was adequately maintained after treatment and during storage. Although P-selectin expression, glucose consumption, and lactate production increased relative to controls, this was not beyond accepted levels. The pH of treated PCs also decreased slightly relative to control PLTs on Days 1 and 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicate that the device successfully reduced the number of selected pathogens in PCs. Despite the fact that significant differences exist between treated and control in-vitro variables, it is speculated that the clinical effectiveness of both products will not be significantly different, based on comparison to historical data for products in routine clinical use today.
authors.affiliation: Navigant Biotechnologies, Lakewood, Colorado 80215, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ruane
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Edrich
authors.forename: Deanna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gampp
authors.forename: Shawn D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: R Lynne
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Raymond P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Goodrich
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000821:virology*; D001793:Blood Preservation; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D028323:Parvovirus, Porcine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D012256:Riboflavin