title: RRM1 and PTEN as prognostic parameters for overall and disease-free survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  RRM1 has important functions in the determination of the malignant phenotype. It controls cell proliferation through deoxynucleotide production and metastatic propensity through PTEN induction. It is located in a region of loss of heterozygosity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is a predictor of poor survival. We hypothesized that RRM1 expression would be a significant predictor of outcome in NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective data set of 49 patients and a prospective data set of 77 patients with resectable NSCLC were studied. RNA was extracted from tumor and normal lung tissue, and expression of the genes RRM1, PTEN, and RRM2 was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RRM1 expression was significantly correlated with PTEN and RRM2 expression in tumor tissue. RRM1 and PTEN expression in tumor tissue was highly predictive of overall (P =.011 and.018, respectively) and disease-free survival (P =.002 and.026, respectively). Patients with high levels of expression lived longer and had disease recurrence later than patients with low levels of RRM1 and PTEN. In a multivariate analysis, high RRM1 expression was predictive of long survival independent of tumor stage, performance status, and weight loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RRM1 is a biologically and clinically important determinant of malignant behavior in NSCLC. Knowing the level of expression of this gene adds significant information to management decisions independent of the currently used outcome predictors of tumor stage, performance status, and weight loss. Future clinical trials should stratify patients based on expression of this gene to avoid unwanted biases.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Oncology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612-9497, USA. beplerg@moffitt.usf.edu
authors.forename: Gerold
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bepler
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haura
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Anupama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sommers
authors.forename: Lary
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D017931:DNA Primers; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; D016019:Survival Analysis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005819:Genetic Markers; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C475286:RRM1 protein, human; D012262:Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase