title: Evaluation of Trichoderma spp. for biocontrol of tomato sudden caused by Pythium aphanidermatum following flooding in tropical hot season.
abstract: Tomato sudden death is a major problem in tomato production in tropical lowland areas. The plant wilts and dies following artificial or natural flooding for 48-72 hrs in the summer season. Occurrence of this disease is related to aggressiveness of Pythium aphanidermatum on tomato at high soil temperature (>30 degrees C). Several methods such as using biological control agents, fungicides and other cultural practices were applied in attempts to control tomato sudden death. Three Trichoderma harzianum and two Trichoderma virens isolates were evaluated for biocontrol of the disease in the greenhouse and in the field T. harzianum and T. virens isolates were separately used to treat the seed, potting medium and also incorporated into the soil before transplanting. Field soil was naturally infested with P. aphanidermatum, while greenhouse soil was inoculated with the pathogen 10 days after transplanting. All treatments were flooded for 48 hrs at 32 degrees C soil temperature. Results from this study show that most tested T. harzianum and T. virens isolates have little promise for control of tomato sudden death following flooding. The percentage of tomato plants that wilted after growing in soil treated with either T. harzianum or T. virens and P. aphanidermatum was not significantly different when compared to the soil treated with P. aphanidermatum alone. No wilted plants were observed in the control (non treated soil).
authors.affiliation: Institute for Plant Disease, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, D-53115, Germany.
authors.forename: H T T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sikora
mesh_terms: D000898:Antibiosis; D001530:Belgium; D018525:Germination; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000382:microbiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D011775:Pythium / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012621:Seasons; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000502:physiology*