title: Temozolomide for the treatment of brain metastases associated with metastatic melanoma: a phase II study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Temozolomide is a well-tolerated oral alkylating agent with activity in the CNS. A multicenter, open-label, phase II study was conducted to assess the safety and efficacy of temozolomide in patients with brain metastases from metastatic melanoma (MM) who did not require immediate radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients had histologically confirmed MM to the brain, and no prior radiotherapy or radiosurgery for brain metastases. Previously untreated patients received temozolomide at 200 mg/m(2)/d x 5 days; previously treated patients received 150 mg/m(2)/d x 5 days every 28 days. Treatment continued for 1 year or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 151 patients enrolled, 117 had received no prior systemic chemotherapy, and 34 had received prior chemotherapy for MM. Among previously untreated patients, 25% had more than four brain lesions, eight (7%) achieved an objective response (one complete and seven partial), and 34 (29%) had stable disease in brain metastases. Median overall survival was 3.5 months. Among previously treated patients, 21% had more than four brain lesions, one had a partial response, and six (18%) had stable disease in brain metastases. Median overall survival was 2.2 months. Temozolomide was well tolerated, with four (3%) patients discontinuing because of adverse events. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities included thrombocytopenia (3%), neutropenia (2%), and leukopenia (1%). Headache (9%) and vomiting (8%) were the most common nonhematologic grade 3/4 adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temozolomide was well tolerated and demonstrated activity in the treatment of brain metastases from MM. Further evaluation of temozolomide combination therapy is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pavilion, 5150 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. agarwalass@msx.upmc.edu
authors.forename: Sanjiv S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Agarwala
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dreno
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thatcher
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Czarnetski
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buzaid
authors.forename: Dimosthenis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skarlos
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Rankin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D000077204:Temozolomide; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide