title: Association between body fat response to exercise training and multilocus ADR genotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the contribution of adrenergic receptor (ADR) gene polymorphisms and their gene-gene interactions to the variability of exercise training-induced body fat response.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an intervention study that used a volunteer sample of 70 healthy, sedentary men (n = 29) and postmenopausal women (n = 41) 50 to 75 years of age, with a BMI < or = 37 kg/m2, from the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. Participants completed 6 weeks of dietary stabilization (American Heart Association diet) before 24 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise training. Diet was maintained throughout the intervention. Change in percent total body fat, percent trunk fat, and fat mass by DXA in ADR genotype groups (Glu12/Glu9 alpha2b-ADR, Trp64Arg beta3-ADR, and Gln27Glu beta2-ADR) at baseline and after 24 weeks of aerobic exercise training was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analysis (covariates: age, gender, and baseline value of phenotype), best fit models for percent total body and trunk fat response to exercise training retained main effects of all three ADR gene loci and the effects of each gene-gene interaction (p = 0.009 and 0.003, respectively). Similarly, there was a trend for the fat mass response model (p = 0.03). The combined genetic factors explained 17.5% of the overall model variability for percent total body fat, 22% for percent trunk fat, and 10% for fat mass.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The body fat response to exercise training in older adults is associated with the combined effects of the Glu12/Glu9 alpha2b-, Trp64Arg beta3-, and Gln27Glu beta2-ADR gene variants and their gene-gene interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, USA. db240@umail.umd.edu
authors.forename: Dana A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Phares
authors.forename: Amy A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Halverstadt
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shuldiner
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: Larry W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Douglass
authors.forename: Alice S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hagberg
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000235:genetics*; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000235:genetics; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C547771:ADRA2B protein, human; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3