title: Th1 and Th2 cytokine immunomodulation by gangliosides in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
abstract: In experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a classical model for multiple sclerosis, the cytokines provide the necessary signals to activate specific T cells for self-antigens. Gangliosides have multiple immunomodulatory activities, decreasing the lymphoproliferative responses and modulating cytokine production. Here, we tested the effects of gangliosides on the switching of Th1 to Th2 cytokine expression, in spleen cells obtained from Lewis rats during the acute phase of EAE, and after recovery from the disease. For this purpose, total RNA from spleen cells was isolated and submitted to RT-PCR to investigate Th1 (IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma) and Th2/Th3 (IL-10 and TGF-beta) cytokine gene expression. Results demonstrate that the group treated with gangliosides displays mild disease, with low expression of IFN-gamma mRNA and high TGF-beta mRNA expression. We conclude that the gangliosides may modulate Th1 cells by the synthesis of cytokines shifting the profile to the Th2/Th3 phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunologia & Alergia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6111, Campinas/SP 13081-970, Brazil.
authors.forename: Gláucia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Monteiro de Castro
authors.forename: Maira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eduarda Zanin
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ventura-Oliveira
authors.forename: Conceição
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aparecida Vilella
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ashimine
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Lima Zollner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000276:immunology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005732:Gangliosides; D012333:RNA, Messenger