title: Monosialoganglioside protected ischemic rat hippocampal slices through stabilizing expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine direct protective effect of monosialoganglioside (GM1) on hippocampal slices after oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/RP), and investigate the influence on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 (NMDAR1) in those hippocampal slices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Injury of hippocampal slices and protective effects of GM1 were detected by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, toluidine blue staining, and transmission electron microscopy of rat hippocampal slices. Expression of NMDAR1 was detected by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) GM1 at 1.0 micromol/L was the most effective concentration to preserve the TTC staining of the hippocampal slices after OGD/RP (P<0.05), and the next was GM1 at 10.0 micromol/L (P<0.05). (2) Toluidine blue staining and transmission electron microscopy showed GM1 protected the injuried hippocamal slices after OGD/RP. (3) GM1 downregulated the temporally high expression of NMDAR1 in the hippocampal slices immediately after a 25-min OGD and prevented the over low expression of NMDAR1 after a 30-min reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GM1 could protect injuried rat hippocampal slices after OGD/RP through stabilizing the expression of NMDAR1.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, 2 nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China.
authors.forename: Jian-Ren
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mei-Ping
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Er-Qing
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jian-Zheng
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Qiu-Fu
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Ge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005677:G(M1) Ganglioside; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate