title: Fish oil supplementation in F1 generation associated with naproxen, clenbuterol, and insulin administration reduce tumor growth and cachexia in Walker 256 tumor-bearing rats.
abstract: Weanling female Wistar rats were supplemented with fish oil (1 g/kg body weight) for one generation. The male offspring received the same supplementation until to adult age. Rats supplemented with coconut fat were used as reference. Some rats were inoculated subcutaneously with a suspension (2 x 10(7) cells/mL) of Walker 256 tumor. At day 3, when the tumor was palpable, rats were treated with naproxen (N) (0.1 mg/mL), clenbuterol (Cb) (0.15 mg/kg body weight), and insulin (I) (10 U/kg body weight). At day 14 after tumor inoculation, the animals were killed. Tumor was removed and weighed. Blood, liver, and skeletal muscles were also collected for measurements of metabolites and insulin. In both tumor-bearing untreated rats and tumor-bearing rats supplemented with coconut fat, tumor growth, triacylglycerol, and blood lactate levels were higher, and glycogen content of the liver, blood glucose, cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels were lower as compared with the non-tumor-bearing and fish oil supplemented groups. Fish oil supplementation of tumor-bearing rats led to a partial recovery of the glycogen content in the liver and a full reversion of blood glucose, lactate, cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol levels. The treatment with N plus Cb plus I attenuated cancer cachexia and decreased tumor growth in both coconut fat and fish oil supplemented rats. In conclusion, chronic fish oil supplementation decreased tumor growth and partially recovered cachexia. This beneficial effect of fish oil supplementation was potentiated by treatment with naproxen plus clenbuterol plus insulin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Biological Sciences Building, Federal University of Paraná, 81530-990, Curitiba PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: João A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Folador
authors.forename: Sandro J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bonato
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aikawa
authors.forename: Ricardo K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pizato
authors.forename: Mirela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Facin
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grohs
authors.forename: Heloísa H P
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Katya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naliwaiko
authors.forename: Anete C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curi
authors.forename: Luiz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002100:Cachexia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002279:Carcinoma 256, Walker / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002976:Clenbuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005395:Fish Oils; D007328:Insulin; D009288:Naproxen; D002976:Clenbuterol