title: Using metabolic syndrome traits for efficient detection of impaired glucose tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Efficient detection of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is needed to implement type 2 diabetes prevention interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the capacity of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) to identify IGT in a cross-sectional analysis of 3,326 Caucasian Framingham Offspring Study (FOS), 1,168 Caucasian and 1,812 Mexican-American San Antonio Heart Study (SAHS), 1,983 Mexico City Diabetes Study (MCDS), and 452 Caucasian, 407 Mexican-American, and 290 African-American Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) men and women aged 30-79 years who had a clinical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during 1987-1996. Those with diabetes treatment or fasting plasma glucose > or =7.0 mmol/l were excluded (MetS was defined by Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel criteria and IGT as 2-h postchallenge glucose [2hPG] > or =7.8 mmol/l). We calculated positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), population attributable risk percentages (PAR%), age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (ORs), and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROCs) associated with MetS traits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among FOS, SAHS, and MCDS subjects, 24-43% had MetS and 15-23% had IGT (including 2-5% with 2hPG > or =11.1 mmol/l). Among those with MetS, OR for IGT were 3-4, PPV were 0.24-0.41, NPV were 0.84-0.91, and PAR% were 30-40%. Among subjects with MetS defined by impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and any two other traits, OR for IGT were 9-24, PPV were 0.62-0.89, NPV were 0.78-0.87, and PAR% were 3-12%. Among IRAS subjects, 24-34% had MetS and 37-41% had IGT. Among those with MetS, ORs for IGT were 3-6, PPVs were 0.57-0.73, and NPVs were 0.67-0.72. In logistic regression models, IFG, large waist, and high triglycerides were independently associated with IGT (AROC 0.71-0.83) in all study populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MetS, especially defined by IFG, large waist, and high triglycerides, efficiently identifies subjects likely to have IGT on OGTT and thus be eligible for diabetes prevention interventions.
authors.affiliation: General Internal Medicine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St., 9th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA. jmeigs@partners.org
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Meigs
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Kelly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haffner
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Clicerio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González Villalpando
authors.forename: Jessica S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Perhanidis
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nathan
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Ralph B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: Peter W F
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044469:Racial Groups; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States