title: Removal of intravenous Intralipid in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia during inhibition of cholesterol absorption and synthesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While plant stanols are known to upregulate low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, we studied the effects of plant stanol (STA) and sterol (STE) ester spreads on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) removal in statin-treated patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) using intravenous Intralipid-squalene fat tolerance test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients consumed STA and STE in a randomized, crossover study for 4 weeks. TRL removal was studied at baseline and at the end of both periods. Serum, chylomicron (CM), and very low density lipoprotein lipids, squalene, and plant sterols were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LDL cholesterol was decreased by both spreads (15-16%, p<0.05). Plant sterol concentrations were doubled in serum and CM by STE vs. STA. After the injection of Intralipid, CM squalene and sitosterol, but not triglycerides (TG), reached higher peak levels (and area under the incremental curve (AUIC) of squalene) by both spreads than at baseline. Despite different plant sterol concentrations by STE vs. STA, the incremental curves for plant sterols were similar by the spreads.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the retarded removal of TRL lipids by STA and STE in the statin-treated subjects with FH, improvement of the fasting lipid profile was suggested important in consideration of combination of cholesterol absorption inhibitor with statins even in FH.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 700, FIN-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ketomäki
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gylling
authors.forename: Tatu A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Miettinen
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D012855:Sitosterols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D013185:Squalene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005217:Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; D008055:Lipids; D010840:Phytosterols; D012855:Sitosterols; D014280:Triglycerides; C407042:plant stanol ester; D013185:Squalene; D002784:Cholesterol