Biocompatibility and biodegradation of a bone composite containing tricalcium phosphate and genipin crosslinked gelatin.
A biodegradable composite (GGT) containing tricalcium phosphate ceramic particles and genipin crosslinked gelatin was developed for use as a bone substitute. The objective of this study was to assess the biocompatibility and the osteoconductivity of the GGT composite on new bone formation in vitro. Additionally, biodegradation and biocompatibility of the GGT composite in animals were investigated. Results of the GGT composites cocultured with osteoblasts showed that the concentration of genipin used as a crosslinking agent should be <0.5 wt % to avoid cytotoxicity. For in vivo degradation studies, we found that when the concentration of genipin in the composite <0.5 wt % was not enough to fully crosslink the gelatin, it results in a rapid degradation of the gelatin-genipin mixture. However, we also found that the foreign body capsule surrounding the GGT composite containing 1.0 wt % of the genipin was much thicker than that in the other three groups, that is, the composites containing 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt % of the genipin. We therefore concluded that the ideal concentration of genipin used in the GGT was 0.5 wt %. Finally, we examined the organ culture units, which were maintained in cultured medium for 5 weeks. Morphology of tissue was observed and the quantitative evaluation of the regenerated bone was determined. We found that the GGT composites containing 0.5 wt % of the genipin had an excellent biocompatibility and could produce osteoconduction for the regenerating bone tissues.
Yao
Chun-Hsu
CH
Department of Radiological Technology, Chungtai Institute of Health Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan. chyao@ctc.edu.tw
Liu
Bai-Shuan
BS
Hsu
Shan-Hui
SH
Chen
Yueh-Sheng
YS
Tsai
Chin-Chuan
CC
D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000378:metabolism; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005780:Gelatin / Q000378:metabolism; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides; D039823:Iridoids; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D011714:Pyrans / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012886:Skull / Q000378:metabolism
D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D057889:Iridoid Glycosides; D039823:Iridoids; D011714:Pyrans; D005780:Gelatin; C007834:genipin; C018392:tricalcium phosphate