title: Cosmetic uses of botulinum toxins for lower aspects of the face and neck.
abstract: The ability of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) to improve the appearance of facial lines was first reported among patients who had been receiving injections for facial dystonias or surgical procedures. Since that time, there has been very extensive use of this treatment for relaxation of a wide variety of facial muscles and also for platysmal lines of the neck. Considerable experience over the last decade or longer confirms the safety and efficacy of BTX-A in the treatment of upper facial lines. BTX-A has been used also lower facial indications, but published papers are mainly uncontrolled observations on patients. Unlike the placebo-controlled studies on the upper face, there is a lack of controlled studies for lower face and neck BTX-A treatment. This article will summarize the use of BTX-A for the lower face and its role as combination treatment. Examples of combinations that may be used with BTX-A resurfacing, nonablative skin rejuvenation and skin fillers. Although little used at present, Botulinum Toxin B will be briefly discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA. cranleyuk@aol.com
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002610:Cheek; D002680:Chin; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008046:Lip; D009334:Neck Muscles; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015595:Skin Aging
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A