title: Possible mechanisms of pain perception in patients with episodic tension-type headache. A new experimental model of myofascial pain.
abstract: A new experimental human model of myofascial pain using intramuscular infusion of a combination of bradykinin, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), histamine, and prostaglandin E2 was applied to patients with episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) in order to examine pain perception. Fifteen patients with ETTH and 15 healthy controls completed the randomized, balanced, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Pain intensity, punctate hyperalgesia and allodynia, and pain quality were recorded. The combination induced a moderate and prolonged pain in both patients (median 51 min) (P = 0.001) and controls (median 22 min) (P = 0.001). Patients reported more pain than controls both after the combination (P = 0.045) and after placebo (P < 0.001). The McGill pain score [PRI(R)] was significantly higher in patients (P = 0.002) and in controls (P = 0.001), whereas pain quality and hyperalgesia were similar after the combination compared with placebo in the two groups. Due to side-effects nine subjects did not complete the study. The increased pain response, but similar qualitative pain perception, in ETTH patients may be explained by sensitization of peripheral nociceptors even though central mechanisms may also be involved.
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen Headache Centre, University of Copenhagen, Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark. hjmoerk@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mørk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashina
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bendtsen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olesen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*