title: Inhibitory effects of cacao bean husk extract on plaque formation in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Cacao bean husk extract (CBH) has been shown to possess antibacterial and antiglucosyltransferase activities through its unsaturated fatty acids and epicatechin polymers, respectively. In the present study, the antiplaque activities of CBH were examined in vitro and in vivo. The extract inhibited the adherence of Streptococcus mutans MT8148 to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite and reduced the accumulation of artificial dental plaque by S. mutans MT8148 on orthodontic wire. The number of mutans streptococci in dental plaque was also significantly reduced when human dental plaque was exposed to CBH from 21 children at 37 degrees C for 1 h. For the in vivo study, 28 volunteers aged 19-29 yr old rinsed their mouth with CBH, before and after each intake of food and before sleeping at night for 4 d without using other oral hygiene procedures. Plaque depositions and the numbers of mutans streptococci were reduced in the subjects, compared with rinsing with 1% ethanol alone. These results indicate that CBH possesses significant antiplaque activity in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Michiyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Jumpei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ooshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D002099:Cacao; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D017886:Durapatite; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology; D012639:Seeds; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017886:Durapatite