title: Gender difference in the response to an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a diuretic in hypertensive patients of African descent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in decreasing blood pressure in African patients is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) response to a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor in hypertensive patients of East African descent and evaluated the individual characteristics that determined treatment efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-blind randomized AB/BA crossover design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypertensive families of East African descent from the general population in the Seychelles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two (29 men and 23 women) out of 62 eligible hypertensive patients were included.Main outcome measures ABP response to 20 mg lisinopril (LIS) daily and 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) daily given for a 4-week period. Results The daytime systolic/diastolic ABP response to HCT was 4.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-8.6]/3.6 (1.0-6.2) mmHg for men and 12.9 (9.2-16.6)/6.3 (3.7-8.8) mmHg for women. With LIS the response was 18.8 (15.0-22.5)/14.6 (12.0-17.1) mmHg for men and 12.4 (8.7-16.2)/7.7 (5.1-10.2) mmHg for women. The night-time systolic/diastolic response to HCT was 5.0 (0.6-9.4)/2.7 [(-0.4)-5.7] mmHg for men and 11.5 (7.1-16.0)/5.7 (2.6-8.8) mmHg for women, and to LIS was 18.7 (14.2-22.1)/15.4 (12.4-18.5) mmHg for men and 3.5 [(-1.0)-7.9]/2.3 [(-0.8)-5.4] mmHg for women. Linear regression analyses showed that gender is an independent predictor of the ABP responses to HCT and to LIS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertensive patients of African descent responded better to LIS than to HCT. Men responded better to LIS than to HCT and women responded similarly to both drugs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hypertension and Vascular Medicine, CHUV, Lausanne, University Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Falconnet
authors.forename: Murielle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bochud
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bovet
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maillard
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burnier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D012750:Seychelles; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics; D006852:Hydrochlorothiazide; D017706:Lisinopril