title: [Study of the uptake of chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles by A549 cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the cellular uptake of chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles by A549 cells and evaluate the possibility of chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles used as a potential drug carrier.
  
  
  METHODS
  Chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO) was obtained by ultrafiltration separation after regulation of the condition of chitosanase degradation. The molecular weight of CSO was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Chitosan oligosaccharide nanoparticles (CSO-NPs) were prepared by a novel solvent diffusion method in an oil system after the carrier material grafted fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and the particle size distribution and zeta potential were determined by light scattering and electrophoretic mobility. The cytotoxicity and uptake of FITC-labeled CSO-NPs in A549 cells following various incubation periods were studied by the MTT method and fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometric analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The molecular weight (MW) of CSO was 18,678 u and the particles sizes of CSO-NPs were 133.3 nm (number average) and 368.2 nm (volume average), respectively. The IC50 of CSO and CSO-NPs were 944.36 and 643.16 mg x L(-1), respectively, and the result showed low cytotoxicity. Cellular uptake of CSO and CSO-NPs were relative to the concentration and the incubation time. Internalization of CSO-NPs increased 0.49 - 13.9 times more than that of the CSO with the same incubation time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSO and CSO-NPs have low cytotoxicity. CSO-NPs can significantly improved the uptake of CSO-NPs by A549 cells compared to the same molecular weight of CSO.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310031, China.
authors.forename: Li-qing
authors.initials: LQ
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Fu-qiang
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D002686:Chitin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D048271:Chitosan; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D013997:Time Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan