title: Influence of cup stacking on hand-eye coordination and reaction time of second-grade students.
abstract: Cup stacking has been adopted recently by many physical education programs to enhance rudimentary motor skills such as hand-eye coordination and ambidexterity as well as quickness and concentration; however, no empirical evidence has been published to support these claims. We examined the influence of cup stacking on hand-eye coordination and reaction time of 24 boys and 18 girls in second grade as measured by the Soda Pop and Yardstick tests, respectively. Two physical education classes were randomly assigned as treatment and control groups and were pre- and posttested for hand-eye coordination and reaction time. The treatment group participated in a 5-wk. cup-stacking program. Significant improvements were noted for both hand-eye coordination and reaction time between the pre- and posttest scores for this group but not for the control group. Therefore, cup stacking is indeed effective in enhancing hand-eye coordination and reaction time.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin--Lacrosse, USA.
authors.forename: Brian E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Udermann
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sagendorf
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D013334:Students