title: Increased AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation and recruitment with the combination of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-17 in rheumatoid synoviocytes.
abstract: To determine the contribution of IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-17 to AP-1, NF-kappaB and Egr-1 activation in rheumatoid arthritis, the effect of the cytokines used alone or in combination was measured on TF expression in rheumatoid synoviocytes. Effects on mRNA expression were measured by RT-PCR and effects on nuclear translocation were measured by immunocytochemistry. To assess the functional consequences of cytokine induction, osteoprotegerin levels were measured in synoviocyte supernatants.IL-1beta and TNF-alpha alone at optimal concentration (100 pg/ml) induced the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and almost all AP-1 members, except JunB and Egr-1 for IL-1beta and except Fra-2 and Egr-1 for TNF-alpha. IL-17 was clearly less potent since no nuclear translocation was observed, except for a weak activation of Fra-1 and NF-kappaB. More importantly, when these cytokines were used at low concentrations, their combination showed a synergistic effect on almost all the TFs, except for Egr-1, with a particular effect on Fra-1 and NF-kappaB. Increased recruitment of additional factors was induced when the three cytokines were combined. IL-1 and TNF-alpha induced mRNA expression of c-jun while IL-17 had no effect. A synergistic effect was seen with their combination. A similar synergistic effect was observed for osteoprotegerin production when these three cytokines were combined at low concentrations.AP-1 and NF-kappaB pathways were highly sensitive to the combination through synergistic mechanisms. These effects observed in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes may reflect the conditions found in the rheumatoid arthritis joint and may contribute to the mode of action of cytokine inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, INSERM U403, Hôpital E Herriot, Lyon, France.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granet
authors.forename: Wova
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maslinski
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miossec
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D020381:Interleukin-17; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha