title: Sulfur-containing amino acids attenuate the development of liver fibrosis in rats through down-regulation of stellate cell activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the pharmacological action of sulfur-containing amino acids on the development of liver fibrosis in rats and on the function of cultured stellate cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by thioacetamide administration or by ligating the common bile duct. DNA synthesis of cultured stellate cells was evaluated by BrdU incorporation. The expression of proteins and phospho-proteins was determined by western blot analysis. mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral administration of l-cysteine or l-methionine attenuated the deposition of collagen in liver tissues in the two fibrotic models, accompanying a reduction in the expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta and mRNAs of collagens, transforming growth factor-betas and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase. In cultured stellate cells, l-cysteine and l-methionine suppressed the DNA synthesis and the expression of growth factor receptors, smooth muscle alpha-actin and type I collagen. They hampered the phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK and Akt under platelet-derived growth factor-BB stimulation. Stellate cells were found to express methionine adenosyltransferase 2A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  l-Cysteine and l-methionine regulate the activation of stellate cells. Their oral supply aids the suppression of the progression of liver fibrosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horikawa
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imanishi
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawada
mesh_terms: D000603:Amino Acids, Sulfur / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics; D003545:Cysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017931:DNA Primers; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008715:Methionine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013853:Thioacetamide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000603:Amino Acids, Sulfur; D017931:DNA Primers; D013853:Thioacetamide; D003094:Collagen; D008715:Methionine; D003545:Cysteine