title: Comprehensive analysis of tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty in primary and re-operative hypospadias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively review our experience of the tubularized incised-plate (TIP) urethroplasty over the last 4 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1998 to December 2001, 133 patients (mean age 7 years, sd 4, range 1-22), had a TIP urethroplasty by one surgeon for primary (103) and re-operative (30) hypospadias; the defects included 106 (79%) distal and mid-shaft, and 27 (21%) posterior shaft. The neourethra was covered by a subcutaneous flap in 66 (50%) patients or by corpus spongiosa (spongioplasty) in 31 (23%), with no cover in the remaining 36 (27%). In the last 20 patients (15%) a modified meatoplasty was used; the site and size of the new meatus was predetermined on the glans around a suitable catheter before any incision. Urethral stents were not used after repair in 39 (29%) patients, and regular meatal dilation was used only in patients with voiding difficulty and obvious tendency to stenosis. The presence of complications requiring re-operation and overall general appearance were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (sd) follow-up was 10 (5) months; there were 24 complications in 20 patients (15%), including a small fistula in 12 (9%), complete disruption of the repair in 4 (3%), meatal stenosis in seven (5%) and neourethral stricture in one (0.8%). Complications were not significantly different between primary and re-operative cases, and unaffected by the use of the stents. On univariate analysis complications were significantly higher with running than interrupted sutures, in repairs in the first 2 years of the study, in patients with posterior hypospadias, and in those with no neourethral coverage. However, the last two factors were the only significant independent risk factors in a multivariate analysis. Regular urethral dilatation was indicated in 43 patients (32%). Modified meatoplasty was associated with a significantly lower requirement for regular dilatation (P < 0.05) and no meatal stenosis. In the 113 complication-free patients the operation gave an excellent cosmetic appearance with a vertical slit meatus on the tip of conical glans in 110 (97%); there was slight meatal retraction in the remaining three patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TIP repair is a reliable method for treating both distal and proximal penile shaft hypospadias, is suitable for both primary and re-operative cases, and is more versatile than other repairs. Covering the neourethra with a flap or spongioplasty significantly improves the results. Regular urethral dilatation is required in a third of patients but modified meatoplasty obviates the need for regular dilatation and eliminates the risk of meatal stenosis.
authors.affiliation: The Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt. elsherbi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: El-Sherbiny
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dawaba
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shorrab
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bazeed
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*