title: Human meiotic recombinase Dmc1 promotes ATP-dependent homologous DNA strand exchange.
abstract: Homologous recombination is crucial for the repair of DNA breaks and maintenance of genome stability. In Escherichia coli, homologous recombination is dependent on the RecA protein. In the presence of ATP, RecA mediates the homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange reaction that links recombining DNA molecules. DNA joint formation is initiated through the nucleation of RecA onto single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to form helical nucleoprotein filaments. Two RecA-like recombinases, Rad51 and Dmc1, exist in eukaryotes. Whereas Rad51 is needed for both mitotic and meiotic recombination events, the function of Dmc1 is restricted to meiosis. Here we examine human Dmc1 protein (hDmc1) for the ability to promote DNA strand exchange, and show that hDmc1 mediates strand exchange between paired DNA substrates over at least several thousand base pairs. DNA strand exchange requires ATP and is strongly dependent on the heterotrimeric ssDNA-binding molecule replication factor A (RPA). We present evidence that hDmc1-mediated DNA recombination initiates through the nucleation of hDmc1 onto ssDNA to form a helical nucleoprotein filament. The DNA strand exchange activity of hDmc1 is probably indispensable for repair of DNA double-strand breaks during meiosis and for maintaining the ploidy of meiotic chromosomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sehorn
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bussen
authors.forename: Vinzenz M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003434:Crossing Over, Genetic; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D051716:Replication Protein A
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497167:RPA1 protein, human; D051716:Replication Protein A; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C074556:DMC1 protein, human