title: Pseudobulbar crying induced by stimulation in the region of the subthalamic nucleus.
abstract: We describe a case of pseudobulbar crying associated with deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the region of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Patients with pseudobulbar crying show no other evidence of subjective feelings of depression such as dysphoria, anhedonia, or vegetative signs. This may be accompanied by other symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy and has been reported to occur with ischaemic or structural lesions in both cortical and subcortical regions of the brain. Although depression has been observed to result from DBS in the region of the STN, pseudobulbar crying has not been reported. A single patient who reported the symptoms of pseudobulbar crying after placement of an STN DBS was tested in the off DBS and on DBS conditions. The patient was tested using all four DBS lead contacts and the observations and results of the examiners were recorded. The Geriatric Depression Scale was used to evaluate for depression in all of the conditions. The patient exhibited pseudobulbar crying when on monopolar stimulation at all four lead contacts. The pseudobulbar crying resolved off stimulation. This case describes another type of affective change that may be associated with stimulation in the region of or within the STN. Clinicians should be aware of this potential complication, the importance of differentiating it from stimulation induced depression, and its response to a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, such as sertraline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Florida McKnight Brain Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. okun@neurology.ufl.edu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Okun
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Raju
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Juncos
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: DeLong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heilman
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vitek
mesh_terms: D003448:Crying / Q000502:physiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy; D020828:Pseudobulbar Palsy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology