title: Dynamic field map estimation using a spiral-in/spiral-out acquisition.
abstract: The long readout times of single-shot acquisitions and the high field strengths desired for functional MRI (fMRI) using blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast make functional scans sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneity. If it is not corrected during image reconstruction, field inhomogeneity can cause geometric distortions in the images when Cartesian k-space trajectories are used or blurring with spiral acquisitions. Many traditional methods to correct for field inhomogeneity distortions rely on a static field map measured with the use of images that are themselves distorted. In this work, we employ a regularized least-squares approach to jointly estimate both the undistorted image and field map at each acquisition using a spiral-in/spiral-out pulse sequence. Simulation and phantom studies show that this method is accurate and stable over a time series. Human functional studies show that the jointly estimated field map may be more accurate than standard field map estimates in the presence of respiration-induced phase oscillations, leading to better detection of functional activation. The proposed method measures a dynamic field map that accurately tracks magnetic field drift and respiration-induced phase oscillations during the course of a functional study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. bsutton@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Bradley P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Noll
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fessler
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging