title: Molecular genetic analyses of potential beta-galactosidase genes in Xanthomonas campestris.
abstract: Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which displays no significant beta-1,4-D-galactopyranosidase activity, has three annotated beta-galactosidase genes in the sequenced genome, designated galA, galB and galC herein. GalA and GalB are similar to glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 2 enzymes, including Escherichia coli LacZ. galA and galB cannot express detectable activity even after being cloned in-frame and driven by the vector's promoter. GalC is a GH35 enzyme homologous to the Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis Bga. The latter cleaves beta,1-3-linked galactose 1,000 times faster than beta,1-4-linked galactose and is not responsible for lactose utilization. In X. campestris pv. campestris cells, GalC is readily detectable by Western blotting, and the levels can be increased by cloning the gene under the control of the vector's promoter. Results of insertional mutation, transcriptional fusion assay and Western blotting indicated that galC, clustered with several GH genes, is cotranscribed with the upstream gene(s) and is expressed constitutively. Xc17L is a previously isolated mutant with elevated beta-galactosidase activity and a greatly improved ability to grow on lactose. Results of DNA sequencing of Xc17L galA, galB and galC, enzyme assays of galA, galB and galC mutants derived from Xc17L, and Western blotting of GalC in Xc17L indicated that the three beta-galactosidase genes do not encode the elevated beta-galactosidase activity in Xc17L. The presence of a fourth beta-galactosidase gene is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Tsuey-Ching
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Rouh-Mei
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yi-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Yi-Hsiung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016959:Xanthomonas campestris / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001616:beta-Galactosidase