title: Liver biopsy in evaluation of complications following liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the role of liver biopsies in differential diagnosis after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 biopsies from 27 patients with liver dysfunction out of 52 liver transplantation cases were included. Biopsies were obtained 0-330 d after operation, in which, 44 were fine needle biopsies, another 6 were wedge biopsies during surgery. All tissues were stained with haemotoxylin-eosin. Histochemical or immunohistochemical stain was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of acute rejection in detected cases and total transplantation cases was 48.2% and 25.0%, chronic rejection rate in detected cases and total transplantation cases was 14.8% and 7.7%, preservation-reperfusion injury in detected cases and total transplantation cases was 25.9% and 13.5%, hepatic artery thrombosis rate in detected cases and total transplantation cases was 11.1% and 5.8%, intrahepatic biliary injury rate in detected cases and total transplantation cases was 7.4 % and 3.8%, CMV infection rate in detected cases and total transplantation cases was 3.7% and 1.9%, hepatitis B recurrence rate in detected cases and total transplantation cases was 3.7% and 1.9%, the ratio of suspicious drug-induced hepatic injury in detected cases and total transplantation cases was 11.1% and 5.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute rejection and preservation-reperfusion injury are the major factors in early liver dysfunction after liver transplantation. Hepatic artery thrombosis and prolonged cold preservation may result in intrahepatic biliary injury. Acute rejection and viral infection may involve in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection. Since there are no specific lesions in drug-induced hepatic injury, the diagnosis must closely combine clinical history and rule out other possible complications.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Center and Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, China. yingyan3y@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Ying-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Guang-Wen
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bai-Yong
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ji-Qi
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Cheng-Hong
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology; D001706:Biopsy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000473:pathology*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000473:pathology; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology*; D012008:Recurrence; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology