title: Antimutagenicity of herbal detoxification formula Smoke Shield against environmental mutagens.
abstract: Smoke Shield is a formulation designed to reduce smoke related mutagenicity and toxicity in the population. Smoke Shield contains a dual extract of turmeric (Curcuma longa) obtained by supercritical CO2 gas extraction and post-supercritical hydroethanolic extraction together with extracts of green tea and other spices, whose presence synergistically increases the activity of turmeric. In the present study we have shown its antimutagenic activity to various environmental mutagens in vitro and in vivo. Smoke Shield was found to produce significant inhibition of mutagenicity to Salmonella typhimurium induced by sodium azide and 4-nitro-0-phenylenediamine (NPD) at a concentration of 2 mg/plate while inhibition to N-methyl-N-nitro N'nitrosoguanidine was less significant. Inhibition was also found to depend upon the strain which was used. Smoke Shield was found to be more effective against mutagens needing metabolic activation such as 2-Acetamidofluorene (2-AAF) and benzo[a]pyrene. Smoke Shield was also found to significantly inhibit the mutagenicity induced by tobacco extract to Salmonella typhimurium TA102. Smoke Shield was also found to inhibit the urinary mutagenicity of rats treated with the benzo[a]pyrene and tobacco extract. Moreover, Smoke Shield administration was found to inhibit the urinary mutagenicity in smokers. These results indicate that Smoke Shield could inhibit mutagenic response in vitro and in vivo produced by several kinds of mutagens present in our atmosphere.
authors.affiliation: Amala Cancer Research Centre, Amala Nagar, Kerala, India.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuttan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuttan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ajith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Srimal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D030024:Curcuma; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000431:Ethanol; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D009154:Mutation; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke; D019810:Sodium Azide / Q000494:pharmacology; D013662:Tea
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D009153:Mutagens; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012906:Smoke; D013662:Tea; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000431:Ethanol; C012277:1,2-diamino-4-nitrobenzene; D019810:Sodium Azide