title: Duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of herpes simplex virus type 1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 in genital and cutaneous lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A sensitive and specific method for detecting herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is important for diagnosing genital and cutaneous infections.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to compare quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with virus culture for diagnosis of genital and cutaneous HSV-1 and HSV-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  A duplex qPCR system for quantification of DNA from HSV-1 and HSV-2 was developed. Duplicate swabs for PCR and virus culture were collected from 89 patients attending our sexually transmitted infection and dermatology clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The duplex qPCR had a linear measure interval of 10-10 copies/mL. The detection limit was between 1 and 5 copies per reaction. qPCR detected HSV in 57 (64%) specimens and virus was isolated in 45 (50%) cases. First-episode infections showed higher viral quantities with a median value of 4.2 x 10 copies per reaction compared with recurrent infections with 1.0 x 10 (P = 0.0002). HSV-1 was more likely to be the cause of first-episode genital infections (72%), and HSV-2 of recurrent and atypical genital manifestations (73%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time PCR is a sensitive method for diagnosing genital herpes, and the duplex format is convenient for typing. The method increased the detection rate by 27% compared with virus culture.
authors.affiliation: Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden. finn.filen@medsci.uu.se
authors.forename: Finn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Filén
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Allard
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blomberg
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000821:virology; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000821:virology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004279:DNA, Viral