title: Radiotherapy combined with transarterial infusion chemotherapy and concurrent infusion of a vasoconstrictor agent for nonresectable advanced hepatic hilar duct carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The treatment of patients with advanced hepatic hilar duct carcinoma is a challenging problem. The current study was performed to evaluate the outcome of patients with advanced hepatic hilar duct carcinoma who received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) combined with transarterial chemotherapy and infusion of a vasoconstrictor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1993 and December 2002, 23 patients with histopathologically confirmed hilar duct carcinoma entered the study. The median total dose of EBRT was 41.4 grays (Gy). Transarterial chemotherapy was performed twice during EBRT. It was comprised of an infusion of a cocktail of 20 mg of epirubicin, 10 mg of mitomycin C, and 500 mg of 5-fluorouracil and was administered 1 minute after injection of epinephrine via a catheter introduced in the hepatic arteries. After the combined treatment, the patients underwent biliary endoprosthesis after evaluation of the initial response to treatment by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). The initial responses based on PTC were classified into four categories: CR, no stenosis; PR, relief of stenosis/obstruction; NC, no change; and PD, progressive stenosis/obstruction. The outcome parameters were survival rates and time, as well as frequency and type of complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Excluding 1 patient who discontinued the treatment, the initial responses of 22 patients were 1 CR (5%), 8 PR (36%), 11 NC (50%), and 2 PD (9%). The response rate was 41%. The overall survival rates at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years after treatment were 59%, 36%, and 18%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of radiotherapy, transarterial infusion chemotherapy, and concurrent infusion of a vasoconstrictor can be delivered safely with good efficacy for patients with advanced hilar duct carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Oita Medical University, Oita, Japan. matsushu@oita-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shunro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyosue
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wakisaka
authors.forename: Kenichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomonari
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D015251:Epirubicin; D016685:Mitomycin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D004837:Epinephrine