title: Cross-cultural investigation of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges in American and Spanish smokers.
abstract: This study evaluated the factor structure of the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (QSU) across American and Spanish smokers. Using confirmatory factor analyses, the fits of one-, two-, and four-factor models of smoking craving in American and Spanish data sets were compared. The two-factor model provided the best fit in both samples. However, negatively worded items confounded the interpretation of the two-factor structure in both the American and Spanish data. The first factor had positively and negatively worded items, whereas the second had only positively worded items. The two-factor structure was reexamined, removing either the positively or the negatively worded items. Using only positively worded items resulted in a loss of fit, whereas using only negatively worded items improved model fit substantially. Thus, the results supported the generalization of smoking craving across Spanish and American smokers and suggested that negatively worded items play a larger role in the two-factor structure of the QSU than originally thought.
authors.affiliation: Texas A&M University, USA.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cepeda-Benito
authors.forename: Keisha
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gleaves
authors.forename: Mari Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012660:Semantics; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States