title: [Diclofenac 75mg. and 30 mg. orfenadine (Neodolpasse) versus placebo and piroxicam in postoperative analgesia after arthroscopy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arthroscopy is often performed in an out-patient department or as one-day surgery. Opioids often used as postoperative analgesics may have unwanted side effects that may postpone the patient's discharge from hospital. This study was designed to evaluate a substitute for the most frequently used opioid pethidine. For pain relief, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended, but they offer a limited choice for parenteral administration. We used a new agent (Neodolpasse) based on diclophenac and orphenadine, and compared its efficacy with piroxicam and placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 119 patients scheduled for knee joint arthroscopy were included in this prospective study. In a randomized, double-blind manner, they received piroxicam (P), Neodolpasse (combining 75 mg diclophenac and 30 mg orphenadine; N) or placebo (C). The number of patients in groups P, N and C were 44, 35 and 40, respectively. The effect of therapy was evaluated on the basis of the following criteria: duration of post-operative analgesia until a request for another analgesic, pain intensity (0-10 VAS), side effects and the patient's satisfaction with analgesia. The efficacy was evaluated for 24 hours after arthroscopy; premedication and analgesia induction and administration followed the same anesthetic protocol in all groups. The ethic committee approved the study and patients gave their informed consent. The results were statistically evaluated using the ANOVA analysis of variance completed by a multiple comparison of levels of significance according to Bonferroni. The presence of side and unwanted effects was analyzed by the chi-square of Fisher's exact test. A p value les than 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in the number of patients not requiring further analgesic medication after arthroscopy (P 52.3% vs. C (11.7%) p < 0.05, N (68.6%) vs. C p < 0.001), lower average postoperative pain (0 to 10-point scale, P 2.4 vs. C 2.9 p < 0.05, N 1.5 vs. C p < 0.05) and fewer side effects (N vs. both P and C, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of diclophenac with orphenadine for intravenous application has only recently been available in the Czech Republic. The addition of a central muscle relaxant to a peripheral analgesic has a better effect than diclophenac alone. This may also account for a longer duration of analgesia in comparison with piroxicam reported to have significantly longer analgesic effects. The new medication also had fewer side effects. It was interesting to record that even the patients who had more pain and shorter postoperative analgesia were satisfied with the therapy provided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main result of this study is the finding that Neodolpasse significantly reduces the intensity of postoperative pain and increases the duration of postoperative analgesia after knee joint arthroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Klinika anesteziologie a resuscitace 3. LF UK a FNKV, Praha.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Málek
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nedĕlová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopourová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stefan
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kostál
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009966:Orphenadrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; C487365:Neodolpasse; D010894:Piroxicam; D004008:Diclofenac; D009966:Orphenadrine