title: Quantifying uncertainty: physicians' estimates of infection in critically ill neonates and children.
abstract: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of physicians' prior probability estimates of serious infection in critically ill neonates and children, we conducted a prospective cohort study in 2 intensive care units. Using available clinical, laboratory, and radiographic information, 27 physicians provided 2567 probability estimates for 347 patients (follow-up rate, 92%). The median probability estimate of infection increased from 0% (i.e., no antibiotic treatment or diagnostic work-up for sepsis), to 2% on the day preceding initiation of antibiotic therapy, to 20% at initiation of antibiotic treatment (P<.001). At initiation of treatment, predictions discriminated well between episodes subsequently classified as proven infection and episodes ultimately judged unlikely to be infection (area under the curve, 0.88). Physicians also showed a good ability to predict blood culture-positive sepsis (area under the curve, 0.77). Treatment and testing thresholds were derived from the provided predictions and treatment rates. Physicians' prognoses regarding the presence of serious infection were remarkably precise. Studies investigating the value of new tests for diagnosis of sepsis should establish that they add incremental value to physicians' judgment.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. fischer@ifv.gess.ethz.ch
authors.forename: Joachim E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harbarth
authors.forename: Alexander G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Agthe
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benn
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ringer
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goldmann
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanconi
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016638:Critical Illness; D003657:Decision Making; D004358:Drug Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007239:Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D010820:Physicians; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D035501:Uncertainty