title: [Incidence and characteristics of perioperative pulmonary thromboembolism in Japan].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative pulmonary thromboembolism (preoperative PTE) is widely recognized as one of the life-threatening perioperative complications in Japan. However, incidence of perioperative PTE is not well surveyed. The Japanese Society of Anesthesiologist (JSA) mailed the questionnaire about incidence of perioperative PTE and its characteristics to the institutions registered in JSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was mailed to 844 institutions. The items of the survey included age, sex, type of surgery and risk factors of the cases performed in 2002. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and Fisher's test, and P < 0.05 was taken as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four-hundred sixty-seven out of 844 institutions responded (55.3%) effectively. There were 369 cases of perioperative PTE in 208 institutions (44.5% of the institutions responded). The incidence of perioperative PTE was 4.4 per ten thousand cases. Massive PTE or cardiac arrest at the onset occurred in 57 cases (15.4%). Out of these patients, 117 patients (31.7%) had obesity, and bed-ridden rest (> 4 days) patients and cancer patients were each 105 (28.5%). Sixty-six patients died from perioperative PTE, out of which 5 patients (7.5%) died during operation, 31 patients (47.0%) died within 7 days after the operation, and 30 patients (45.5%) died 8 days after the operation. The commonest type of surgery among mortality cases was abdominal surgery (20 cases: 30.3%), and the commonest risk factor was being bedridden (34.5 cases: 51.5%). The patients who had developed PTE during surgery counted 64, among whom the major type of operation was lower limb/pelvic surgery (36 cases: 56.3%). Major risk factors were being bed-ridden in 25 cases (39.1%) and lower limb/pelvic fracture in 25 cases (39.1%). Despite having dangerous risk factors, 128 patients (57.7%) received the measures not recommended or did not receive any preventive measure for PTE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey revealed that the incidence of perioperative PTE in Japan is considerable. On the ground that most PTE could be prevented, it is suggested that by employing preventive measures for PTE, the incidence of perioperative PTE will decrease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, National Sagamihara Hospital, Sagamihara 228-8522.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Muneyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sha
authors.forename: Yasuhide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires