title: Effects of linezolid on staphylococcal adherence versus time of treatment.
abstract: Staphylococcus epidermidis has emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen that is often associated with infections of indwelling medical devices. Microbial adhesion to implanted foreign materials is a prerequisite for establishing infection. We studied the time-dependent anti-adhesion effects of linezolid and vancomycin on three S. epidermidis clinical isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were identical for both agents for all three isolates (2 mg/l). Bacterial suspensions were added to polystyrene wells and treated with 0.5-4 times the MIC of linezolid or vancomycin at 0, 2, 4 or 6 h post-inoculation. Supra-inhibitory (2 and 4 x MIC) and inhibitory (MIC) concentrations of linezolid demonstrated potent anti-adhesion activity following 2 and 4 h deferred treatments. Even at sub-inhibitory concentrations (0.5 x MIC), suppression of staphylococcal adherence to polystyrene was still evident in most cultures. Linezolid at two and four times the MIC also exerted significant inhibitory effects in cultures that had been treated with a 6-h delay. Supra-inhibitory and inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin administered 2 h post-infection appeared equally effective as linezolid. However, sub-inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin showed minimal or no activity against bacterial adhesion. When vancomycin treatments were delayed by 4 h, only concentrations above the MIC prevented adherence. Linezolid has promising in vitro anti-adhesion activity that merits further studies to determine its role in the management of foreign-body infections.
authors.affiliation: Pfizer Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA. paul.j.pagano@pfizer.com
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Pagano
authors.forename: Lewis V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Charlene F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Dailey
authors.forename: Joseph V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Van Enk
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D000069349:Linezolid; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013997:Time Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D014640:Vancomycin; D000069349:Linezolid