title: Comparison of anthropometry to DXA: a new prediction equation for men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared three professionally recommended anthropometric body composition prediction equations for men to dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and then developed an updated equation, DXA Criterion (DC) from DXA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exercise Physiology Lab. University of Missouri-Columbia, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 160 men aged 18-62 y old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percent body fat (%BF) by anthropometry was compared to DXA on the same day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although %BF was significantly correlated (r=0.923-0.942) (P<0.01) with DXA for all three equations, each equation underestimated %BF (range=3.1-3.3%) (P<0.01) compared to DXA. The following DC equation for men was created: %BF=0.465+0.180(Sigma7SF)-0.0002406(Sigma7SF)(2)+0.06619(age); (Sigma7SF=sum of chest, midaxillary, triceps, subscapular, abdomen, suprailiac, thigh; age=years). The predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS) R(2) was high (0.90) and the PRESS standard error of estimates was excellent (2.2% at the mean) for the DC equation when applied to our sample of 160 men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The currently recommended anthropometric equations for men underestimate %BF compared to DXA. The DC equation yields a more accurate estimation of %BF in men aged 18-62 y old. The results from this study support the need for the current %BF standards and norms for men to be adjusted upward.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA. ballsd@missouri.edu
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Altena
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Swan
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D001823:Body Composition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity