title: Metabolic syndrome: an appraisal of the pro-inflammatory and procoagulant status.
abstract: Inflammation and hypercoagulability predispose to atherothrombosis and seem to be important features of the metabolic syndrome. The most convincing evidence is the association with increased levels of C-reactive protein. The hemostatic abnormality that has been most consistently associated with insulin resistance is an elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level. In contrast, markers of hypercoagulability have been associated inconsistently with hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. Fibrinogen clusters with inflammatory factors, which suggests involvement of adipose tissue-generated inflammatory cytokines. Elevated von Willebrand's factor and factor VIII levels aggregate with indicators of endothelial injury,whereas vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins correlate with triglyceride levels.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4365 Second Avenue, Room 3000, Sacramento CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Sridevi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devaraj
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Rosenson
authors.forename: Ishwarlal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jialal
mesh_terms: D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*