title: Glutamylated and glycylated tubulin isoforms in the aberrant sperm axoneme of the gall-midge fly, Asphondylia ruebsaameni.
abstract: The axonemal organization expressed in the sperm flagella of the cecidomyiid dipteran Asphondylia ruebsaameni is unconventional, being characterized by the presence of an exceedingly high number of microtubular doublets and by the absence of both the inner dynein arms and the central pair/radial spoke complex. Consequently, its motility, both in vivo and in vitro, is also peculiar. Using monoclonal antibodies directed against posttranslational modifications, we have analyzed the presence and distribution of glutamylated and glycylated tubulin isoforms in this aberrant axonemal structure, and compared them with those of a reference insect species (Apis mellifera), endowed with a conventional axoneme. Our results have shown that the unorthodox structure and motility of the Asphondylia axoneme are concomitant with: (1). a very low glutamylation extent in the alpha-tubulin subunit, (2). a high level of glutamylation in the beta-subunit, (3). an extremely low total extent of glycylation, with regard to both monoglycylated and polyglycylated sites, either in alpha- or in beta-tubulin, (4). the presence of a strong labeling of glutamylated tubulin isoforms at the proximal end of the axoneme, and (5). a uniform distribution of glutamylated as well as glycylated isoforms along the rest of the axoneme. Thus, our data indicate that tubulin molecular heterogeneity is much lower in the Asphondylia axoneme than in the conventional 9+2 axoneme with regard to both isoform content and isoform distribution along the axoneme.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy. mencarelli@unisi.it
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mencarelli
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Caroti
authors.forename: Marie-Hélène
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bré
authors.forename: Nicolette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Levilliers
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mercati
authors.forename: Leonard G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Romano
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dallai
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001516:Bees / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004175:Diptera / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D013082:Sperm Tail / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014404:Tubulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D050257:Tubulin Modulators
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014404:Tubulin; D050257:Tubulin Modulators; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005998:Glycine