[Renal involvement in the human immunodeficiency virus infection].
OBJECTIVE
Although renal pathologies are becoming an emergent problem in the population infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is very scarce information about the natural course of this problem. The objective of the present study is to describe renal lesions in an autopsy series of HIV-infected patients never treated with antiretroviral therapies.


METHODS
Autopsy information has been retrospectively retrieved from 61 HIV-infected subjects (mean age, 36,9 [8,4] years; 58,6% drug abusers, 84% males) died in our hospital between 1984 and 1997. None of the patients received antiretroviral therapy. All autopsy and clinical reports were considered, as well as basic analytical parameters about renal function. Renal autopsy samples were specifically reviewed.


RESULTS
At the time of the last admission, 9.8% of patients had renal insufficiency, who made up 44.3% of patients having renal insufficiency anytime. Infections were the main cause of death (76%). The majority of patients (93.4%) showed histopathological renal abnormalities, which were highly heterogeneous. Renal lesions were mainly located on the tubules (96.7%) and the interstitium (60.7%). Moreover, glomeruli were affected in 55.7% of patients. Most frequent histopathological diagnosis was acute tubular necrosis (16.4%) and septic nephritic abscesses (16.4%), followed by tubulointerstitial nephritis (9%). HIV-associated nephropathy was present in two patients (3.3%). There were no significant differences when considering the existent of renal failure.


CONCLUSIONS
Renal histological abnormalities are frequent in the natural evolution of HIV infection. There is an important heterogeneity of lesions, mainly involving tubules, interstitium and mesangium. The cause of renal lesions is predominantly septic, according to the chief systemic process. It does not exist any relationship between renal analytical parameters and the presence of renal damage.
Giner
Vicente
V
Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España. giner_vicgal@gva.es
Esteban
María José
MJ
Fernández
Conrado
C
Galindo
María José
MJ
Oltra
María Rosa
MR
Oliver
Vicente
V
Rodríguez
Juan Carlos
JC
Forner
María José
MJ
Alcácer
Federico
F
Guix
José
J
Redón
Josep
J
Monteagudo
Carlos
C
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies