title: Acoustomechanical properties of open TTP titanium middle ear prostheses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to identify acoustcomechanical properties of various biostable and biocompatible materials to create a middle ear prosthesis with the following properties: (i) improved handling including a good view of the head of the stapes or footplate and adjustable length, (ii) improved acoustical characteristics that are adequate for ossiculoplastic. The identified material should serve to build CE and FDA approved prostheses for clinical use in patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Test models made of Teflon, polyetheretherketone, polyethylenterephtalate, polysulfone, gold, Al2O3 ceramics, carbon and titanium were investigated for their potential to fulfill the requirements. Acoustical properties were investigated by laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) in mechanical middle ear models (MMM). Measured data were fed in to a recently created computer model of the middle ear (multibody systems approach, MBS). Using computer-aided design (CAD) measured and computed data allowed creation and fine precision of titanium prostheses (Tübingen Titanium Protheses, TTP). Their handling was tested in temporal bones. Acoustomechanical properties were investigated using the MBS and mechanical middle ear models.
  
  
  METHODS
  Input impedance, mass, stiffness, and geometry of test models and prostheses were determined. Furthermore, their influence on the intraprosthetic transfer functions and on coupling to either tympanic membrane or stapes was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Final results were FDA- and CE-approved filigreed titanium prostheses with an open head that fulfilled the four requirements detailed above. The prostheses (TTP) were developed in defined lengths of between 1.75 and 3.5 mm (partial) and 3.0 and 6.5 mm (total) as well as in adjustable lengths (TTP-Vario).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest acoustomechanical advantages of TTPs because they combine a significantly low mass with high stiffness. In contrast to closed prostheses, the open head and filigreed design allow an excellent view of the prosthesis foot during coupling to the head or footplate of stapes, contributing to an improved intraoperative reliability of prosthesis coupling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The University of Tübingen, Germany. zenner@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zenner
authors.forename: H-G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Freitag
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Linti
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Steinhardt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodriguez Jorge
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Preyer
authors.forename: P-S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Mauz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sürth
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Planck
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lehner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eiber
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008422:Materials Testing; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D014025:Titanium