title: Tracheal mucormycosis presented as an intraluminal soft tissue mass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mucormycosis is a potentially lethal disease caused by an opportunistic fungal infection. It occurs mostly in diabetic or immunosuppressed patients and usually involves the lungs or paranasal sinuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a rare case of a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis who presented with progressive cough and dyspnea. CT of the neck and chest showed an intraluminal soft-tissue mass extending from the first tracheal ring to the thoracic inlet, causing severe destruction of the trachea. Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy demonstrated hyphal invasion with architecture typical of invasive mucormycosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient underwent resection of the upper trachea and prolonged amphotericin B therapy and is disease free at 24 months after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with diabetes presenting with progressive hoarseness, dyspnea, and endobronchial mass, a fungal infection should be considered. In case of invasive tracheal mucormycosis, prompt diagnosis and early surgical resection may help improve survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Ziv
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leider-Trejo
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khafif
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biderman
authors.forename: Dan M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fliss
mesh_terms: D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000150:complications; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014133:Tracheal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*