Time-course variations of oxyradical metabolism, DNA integrity and lysosomal stability in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis, during a field translocation experiment.
Harbours can be considered as model environments for developing and validating field monitoring procedures and to investigate mechanistic relationships between different biological responses. In this study, several biomarkers were investigated in marine mussels caged for 4 weeks into an industrialised harbour of north-west Italy. Organisms were collected at different time intervals to better characterise the sensitivity, temporal variations and interactions of analysed responses. Besides single antioxidants (catalase, glutathione S-transferases, glutathione reductase, total glutathione), the total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay was used to analyse the capability of the whole antioxidant system to neutralise specific forms of radicals: these data were further integrated by measurement of DNA integrity, oxidised bases and the impairment of lysosomal membrane stability in haemocytes. Results showed a biphasic trend for single antioxidants and TOSC, with no variation or increase during the first 2 weeks of exposure to the polluted site followed by a progressive decrease up to a severe depletion in the final part of the experiment. These findings suggest an initial counteractive response of mussels toward the enhanced prooxidant challenge, while antioxidants appeared overwhelmed at longer exposure periods. The hypothesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated toxicity is supported by the appearance of cell damages (DNA integrity and lysosome membrane stability), which exhibited a progressive enhancement during the course of the experiment with a maximum impairment after 30 days of exposure.
Regoli
Francesco
F
Istituto di Biologia e Genetica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Ranieri Monte d'Ago, 60100 Ancona, Italy. regoli@univpm.it
Frenzilli
Giada
G
Bocchetti
Raffaella
R
Annarumma
Francesca
F
Scarcelli
Vittoria
V
Fattorini
Daniele
D
Nigro
Marco
M
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D002087:Butyrates; D002374:Catalase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007558:Italy; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000378:metabolism; D009499:Neutral Red; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000633:toxicity*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013997:Time Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D015415:Biomarkers; D002087:Butyrates; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D009499:Neutral Red; C045636:2-keto-4-mercaptobutyric acid; D002374:Catalase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione