title: Population pharmacokinetic modeling of steady state clearance of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite from sparse routine clinical data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a population pharmacokinetic model to evaluate the effects of variety of covariates on clearance of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its main metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZE) in Chinese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples at steady trough state (n = 459) were collected prospectively from 408 compliant outpatients during their routine clinical care. CBZ and CBZE concentrations were simultaneously determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Population clearance (CL) of CBZ and CBZE were estimated by non-linear mixed effect modeling and NONMEM program with a one-compartment model of first-order absorption and elimination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total body weight (TBW), dose and concomitant medication were all important determinants of CL of CBZ and CBZE. The final regression model for CBZ was: where VPA = 1 for patients comedicated with valproic acid and its dose greater than 18 mg/kg, otherwise VPA = 0; PHT = 1 for patients comedicated with phenytoin, otherwise PHT = 0; PB = 1 for patients comedicated with phenytoin, otherwise PB = 0. The final regression CL model for the CBZE was: where VPA = 1 for patients comedicated with valproic acid, otherwise VPA = 0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current models, which describe CL of CBZ and CBZE in terms of patient specific details, can be used as a reference to optimize CBZ therapy in Chinese epilepsy patients.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: X-J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Z-G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: M-K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Zhong
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D044466:Asian People; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008722:Methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D010599:Pharmacokinetics; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine; D014635:Valproic Acid; D010672:Phenytoin; C012227:carbamazepine epoxide; D010634:Phenobarbital