title: SHP-2 positively regulates myogenesis by coupling to the Rho GTPase signaling pathway.
abstract: Myogenesis is an intricate process that coordinately engages multiple intracellular signaling cascades. The Rho family GTPase RhoA is known to promote myogenesis, however, the mechanisms controlling its regulation in myoblasts have yet to be fully elucidated. We show here that the SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2, functions as an early modulator of myogenesis by regulating RhoA. When MyoD was expressed in fibroblasts lacking functional SHP-2, muscle-specific gene activity was impaired and abolition of SHP-2 expression by RNA interference inhibited muscle differentiation. By using SHP-2 substrate-trapping mutants, we identified p190-B RhoGAP as a SHP-2 substrate. When dephosphorylated, p190-B RhoGAP has been shown to stimulate the activation of RhoA. During myogenesis, p190-B RhoGAP was tyrosyl dephosphorylated concomitant with the stimulation of SHP-2's phosphatase activity. Moreover, overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant of SHP-2 inhibited p190-B RhoGAP tyrosyl dephosphorylation, RhoA activity, and myogenesis. These observations strongly suggest that SHP-2 dephosphorylates p190-B RhoGAP, leading to the activation of RhoA. Collectively, these data provide a mechanistic basis for RhoA activation in myoblasts and demonstrate that myogenesis is critically regulated by the actions of SHP-2 on the p190-B Rho GAP/RhoA pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
authors.forename: Maria I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kontaridis
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eminaga
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fornaro
authors.forename: Christina Ivins
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sordella
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Settleman
authors.forename: Anton M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008954:Models, Biological; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034622:RNA Interference; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C513041:Arhgap35 protein, mouse; C513042:Arhgap5 protein, mouse; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014443:Tyrosine; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C516725:Ptpn11 protein, mouse; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein