Identifying the sources and timing of ancient and medieval atmospheric lead pollution in England using a peat profile from Lindow bog, Manchester.
A peat core from Lindow bog near Manchester, England, was precisely cut into 2 cm slices to provide a high-resolution reconstruction of atmospheric Pb deposition. Radiocarbon and (210)Pb age dates show that the peat core represents the period ca. 2000 BC to AD 1800. Eleven radiocarbon age dates of bulk peat samples reveal a linear age-depth relationship with an average temporal resolution of 18.5 years per cm, or 37 years per sample. Using the Pb/Ti ratio to calculate the rates of anthropogenic, atmospheric Pb deposition, the profile reveals Pb contamination first appearing in peat samples dating from ca. 900 BC which clearly pre-date Roman mining activities. Using TIMS, MC-ICP-MS, and SF-ICP-MS to measure the isotopic composition of Pb, the (208)Pb/(206)Pb and (206)Pb/(207)Pb data indicate that English ores were the predominant sources during the pre-Roman, Roman, and Medieval Periods. The study shows that detailed studies of peat profiles from ombrotrophic bogs, using appropriate preparatory and analytical methods, can provide new insight into the timing, intensity, and predominant sources of atmospheric Pb contamination, even in samples dating from ancient times.
Le Roux
Gaël
G
Institute of Environmental Geochemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 236, 69120, Germany. gleroux@ugc.uni-heidelberg.de
Weiss
Dominik
D
Grattan
John
J
Givelet
Nicolas
N
Krachler
Michael
M
Cheburkin
Andriy
A
Rausch
Nicole
N
Kober
Bernd
B
Shotyk
William
W
D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000266:history; D004739:England; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000266:history / Q000379:methods*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D049690:History, Ancient; D049692:History, Early Modern 1451-1600; D049691:History, Medieval; D049711:History, Modern 1601-; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D007856:Lead Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D007856:Lead Radioisotopes; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007854:Lead