title: Effect of age at cochlear implantation on auditory skill development in infants and toddlers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of age at cochlear implantation on the auditory development of children younger than 3 years and to compare these children's auditory development with that of peers with normal hearing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a repeated-measures paradigm, auditory skill development was evaluated before and 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation. Data were compared with previously published data from cohorts with normal hearing.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seven hearing-impaired children (age range, 12-36 months) who received a cochlear implant during clinical trials in North America.
  
  
  METHODS
  Auditory skill development was assessed using the Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, a tool that provides a quantitative measure in children as young as newborns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants and toddlers who receive implants show rapid improvement in auditory skills during the first year of device use regardless of age at implantation, although younger children achieve higher scores. Children who undergo implantation at a younger age acquire auditory skills nearer to those of their peers with normal hearing at a younger age. The mean rate of acquisition of auditory skills is similar to that of infants and toddlers with normal hearing regardless of age at implantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performing implantation in children with profound hearing loss at the youngest age possible allows the best opportunity for them to acquire communication skills that approximate those of their peers with normal hearing.
authors.affiliation: Communication Consulting Services, Indianapolis, IN 46260, USA. amcrobbins@aol.com
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McConkey Robbins
authors.forename: Dawn Burton
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Mary Joe
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Osberger
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zimmerman-Phillips
authors.forename: Liat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kishon-Rabin
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019929:Cochlear Implantation; D006309:Hearing; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007804:Language Development; D019986:Persons with Hearing Disabilities / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014825:Vocabulary