title: An efficacy/effectiveness study of cognitive-behavioral treatment for adolescents with comorbid major depression and conduct disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate effectiveness of the Adolescent Coping With Depression (CWD-A) course, a cognitive-behavioral group intervention for depressed adolescents with comorbid conduct disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1998 and 2001, 93 nonincarcerated adolescents (ages 13-17 years) meeting criteria for major depressive disorder and conduct disorder were recruited from a county juvenile justice department and randomly assigned to the CWD-A or a life skills/tutoring control condition. Participants were assessed post-treatment and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Dichotomous outcomes were analyzed with logistic regression; dimensional measures were analyzed using random effects regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major depressive disorder recovery rates post-treatment were greater in CWD-A (39%) compared with life skills/tutoring control (19%) (odds ratio 2.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-6.85). CWD-A participants reported greater reductions in Beck Depression Inventory-II (r2 = 0.055, p =.033) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (r2 = 0.047, p =.039) scores and improved social functioning (r2 = 0.064, p =.019) post-treatment. Group differences in major depressive disorder recovery rates at 6- and 12-month follow-up were nonsignificant, as were differences in conduct disorder both post-treatment and during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first randomized, controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention with adolescents with major depressive disorder and conduct disorder. Although the CWD-A appears to be an effective acute treatment for depression in adolescents with multiple disorders, findings emphasize the need to improve long-term outcomes for depressed adolescents with psychiatric comorbidity and imply that interventions for comorbid populations focus directly on each specific disorder.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, 97403, USA. paulr@ori.org
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Gregory N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mace
authors.forename: Jenel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Seeley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D009922:Oregon; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012044:Regression Analysis