title: Temporal recruitment of transcription factors and SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling enzymes during adipogenic induction of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma nuclear hormone receptor.
abstract: The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) regulates adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis, and roles have emerged for this receptor in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. We report here that induction of the PPARgamma activator and adipogenesis forced by overexpression of adipogenic regulatory proteins is blocked upon expression of dominant-negative BRG1 or hBRM, the ATPase subunits of distinct SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling enzymes. We demonstrate that histone hyperacetylation and the binding of C/EBP activators, polymerase II (Pol II), and general transcription factors (GTFs) initially occurred at the inducible PPARgamma2 promoter in the absence of SWI/SNF function. However, the polymerase and GTFs were subsequently lost from the promoter in cells expressing dominant-negative SWI/SNF, explaining the inhibition of PPARgamma2 expression. To corroborate these data, we analyzed interactions at the PPARgamma2 promoter in differentiating preadipocytes. Changes in promoter structure, histone hyperacetylation, and binding of C/EBP activators, Pol II, and most GTFs preceded the interaction of SWI/SNF enzymes with the PPARgamma2 promoter. However, transcription of the PPARgamma2 gene occurred only upon subsequent association of SWI/SNF and TFIIH with the promoter. Thus, induction of the PPARgamma nuclear hormone receptor during adipogenesis requires SWI/SNF enzymes to facilitate preinitiation complex function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave. North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
authors.forename: Nunciada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salma
authors.forename: Hengyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Anthony N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Imbalzano
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000378:metabolism*; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004798:Enzymes; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; C445179:SWI-SNF-B chromatin-remodeling complex; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019473:Transcription Factors, TFII; D051758:Transcription Factor TFIIH