title: Sodium dicarboxylate cotransporter-1 expression in renal tissues and its role in rat experimental nephrolithiasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrolithiasis is a common disease with a high recurrence rate; however, calcium stone pathogenesis remains unknown because of complex multiple factors. Hypocitraturia induced by citrate transport disturbance is known to be involved in nephrolithiasis development. Sodium dicarboxylate cotransporter (NaDC) mediates citrate uptake from the renal proximal tubule. However, the role of NaDC in nephrolithiasis is unclear. This study aimed to investigate NaDC-1 expression in rat renal proximal tubule epithelial cells and its relationship with experimental nephrolithiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wastar rats were divided into control, ethylene glycol (EG)-treated and potassium citrate-treated groups. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal deposition and histological changes in the kidneys were examined with anatomical and light microscopes. The plasma and urinary biochemical parameters, such as citrate, oxalate etc, were analyzed by routine biochemical methods. NaDC-1 mRNA expression in kidneys was determined by northern blot analysis, the change in NaDC-1 protein abundance was detected by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that NaDC-1 expression and its mRNA significantly increased in the EG group when compared with controls. Increased NaDC-1 expression was associated with a decline in urinary citrate excretion. Potassium citrate administration could significantly down-regulate NaDC-1 expression and its mRNA, and elevate urinary citrate content alleviate renal pathological changes and reduce nephrolithiasis occurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased NaDC-1 expression on the renal proximal tubule epithelial cells could play an important role in nephrolithiasis development, suggesting it could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of nephrolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Kidney Center and Key Lab of PLA, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Yani
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiangmei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhiheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Di
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lv
authors.forename: Suozhu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Hanyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D029382:Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D019357:Potassium Citrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029382:Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C092524:SLC13A2 protein, human; C490478:Slc13a2 protein, rat; D027981:Symporters; D019343:Citric Acid; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D019357:Potassium Citrate; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D002118:Calcium