title: Risk factors for community-acquired ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fluoroquinolones are recommended for the empiric treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) in communities in which uropathogen resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is >or=10% to 20%. However, recent studies also have demonstrated an increase in the isolation of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli. Identification of outpatients at increased risk for fluoroquinolone resistance would improve the selection of empiric treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for community-acquired UTIs due to ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli (CREC).
  
  
  METHODS
  All medical records from the University of California at San Francisco Medical Center from January to December 2001 were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with community-acquired UTI due to CREC. Patients with community-acquired UTI due to ciprofloxacin-susceptible E. coli presenting during the same time period were randomly selected as the study group in a 1:2 ratio of case to controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent risk factors for CREC included recurrent UTI (OR 8.13) and prior exposure to fluoroquinolones (OR 30.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoroquinolones continue to be appropriate empiric treatment in most patients with uncomplicated UTI. Nitrofurantoin or a cephalosporin may be better choices in patients with recurrent lower UTI and/or previous fluoroquinolone use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0622, USA.
authors.forename: Karla M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Killgore
authors.forename: Kristi L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: March
authors.forename: B Joseph
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Guglielmo
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin