title: Evaluation of vardenafil and sildenafil on cardiac repolarization.
abstract: This novel study evaluated the effects of vardenafil and sildenafil on QT and corrected QT (QTc) duration using a model that minimizes experimental error to obtain the most accurate assessment of observed QTc effects. A placebo-controlled and positive-controlled, period-balanced, double-blinded, 6-way crossover study evaluated therapeutic and supratherapeutic oral doses of vardenafil (10 and 80 mg, respectively) and sildenafil (50 and 400 mg, respectively), therapeutic doses of moxifloxacin (400 mg), and a placebo in 58 healthy men (mean age 53 years), with dosing every 3 days. Six replicate, 12-lead, digital electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded at 3 time points before and 5 time points after dosing to cover the time course of maximum exposure to study drugs and their metabolites. An independent laboratory blindly analyzed approximately 17,000 ECGs. For the placebo, mean change in QTcF (Fridericia) duration 1 hour after dose (approximate Tmax of vardenafil and sildenafil) was 0 ms (+/-0.7 SD). QT/QTc variability was small across regimens, indicating statistically powerful results. Moxifloxacin demonstrated an expected 8-ms mean change and was the only drug to prolong absolute QT. Placebo-corrected mean changes in QTcF duration (90% confidence interval) at 1 hour after dose were 8 ms (range 6 to 9) for vardenafil 10 mg and 6 ms (range 5 to 8) for sildenafil 50 mg. QTci (linear and nonlinear per patient) yielded similar trends: 4 ms (range 3 to 6) for vardenafil 10 mg and 4 ms (range 2 to 5) for sildenafil 50 mg. Dose response demonstrated very shallow QTc relations for study drugs. Therapeutic and supratherapeutic doses produced only small increases in the QTcF interval, which were considered to be clinically irrelevant. This well-controlled, statistically powerful study in middle-aged men demonstrated that vardenafil and sildenafil produced no increase of absolute QT and only similar, small increases of the QTc interval, with a shallow dose-response curve. The study design and conduct may serve as a guide for future QT assessment of new drugs.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and eResearchTechnology Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morganroth
authors.forename: Bernard E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Ilson
authors.forename: Bonnie C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Shaddinger
authors.forename: Guissou A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dabiri
authors.forename: Bela R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Duane A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Venkat S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Sethuraman
authors.forename: Timothy H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Montague
mesh_terms: D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011687:Purines; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones; D013997:Time Factors; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride
chemical_list: D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007093:Imidazoles; D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D011804:Quinolines; D013450:Sulfones; D014227:Triazines; D000069058:Vardenafil Dihydrochloride; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D000077266:Moxifloxacin