title: Deciphering gene expression profiles generated from DNA microarrays and their applications in oral medicine.
abstract: Genome-wide monitoring of gene expression profiles using DNA microarrays provides a unique approach to exploring the biological processes underlying oral diseases and disorders by providing a comprehensive survey of a cell's or tissue's transcriptional mapping. This revolutionary technology allows for the simultaneous assessment of the transcription levels of tens of thousands of genes, and of their relative expression between normal and diseased cells. As microarray data analysis evolves, there is a widespread hope that microarrays will significantly impact our ability to explore the genetic changes associated with disease etiology and development, ultimately leading to the discovery of new biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction as well as new therapeutic tools. The goal of this manuscript is to review 2 of the most commonly used microarray technologies, provide an overview of data analyses involved in a typical microarray experiment, and comment upon the application of microarrays to oral medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA. wkuo@genetics.med.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Winston Patrick
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Whipple
authors.forename: Joel B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Tor-Kristian
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Jenssen
authors.forename: Gustavo S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Lucila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ohno-Machado
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Sonis
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000235:genetics*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D019242:Oral Medicine; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers