title: Voluntary exercise increases axonal regeneration from sensory neurons.
abstract: Recent advances in understanding the role of neurotrophins on activity-dependent plasticity have provided insight into how behavior can affect specific aspects of neuronal biology. We present evidence that voluntary exercise can prime adult dorsal root ganglion neurons for increased axonal regeneration through a neurotrophin-dependent mechanism. Dorsal root ganglion neurons showed an increase in neurite outgrowth when cultured from animals that had undergone 3 or 7 days of exercise compared with sedentary animals. Neurite length over 18-22 h in culture correlated directly with the distance that animals ran. The exercise-conditioned animals also showed enhanced regrowth of axons after an in vivo nerve crush injury. Sensory ganglia from the 3- and 7-day-exercised animals contained higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin 3, synapsin I, and GAP43 mRNA levels than those from sedentary animals. Consistent with the rise in brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin 3 during exercise, the increased growth potential of the exercise-conditioned animals required activation of the neurotrophin signaling in vivo during the exercise period but did not require new mRNA synthesis in culture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Molteni
authors.forename: Jun-Qi
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gómez-Pinilla
authors.forename: Jeffery L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Twiss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020917:Receptor, trkA / Q000378:metabolism; D012420:Running; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016704:Synapsins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D002227:Carbazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016704:Synapsins; C049985:staurosporine aglycone; D020917:Receptor, trkA