title: Interaction of classical swine fever virus with dendritic cells.
abstract: Functional disruption of dendritic cells (DCs) is an important strategy for viral pathogens to evade host defences. Monocytotropic viruses such as classical swine fever virus (CSFV) could employ such a mechanism, since the virus can suppress immune responses and induce apoptosis without infecting lymphocytes. Here, CSFV was shown to infect and efficiently replicate in monocyte- and in bone marrow-derived DCs. Interestingly, the infected DCs displayed neither modulated MHC nor CD80/86 expression. Stimulation of DCs with IFN-alpha/TNF-alpha or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (pIC) induced phenotypic maturation with increased MHC and CD80/86 expression, both with mock-treated and infected DCs. In addition, the T cell stimulatory capacity of CSFV-infected DCs was maintained both in a polyclonal T cell stimulation and in specific antigen-presentation assays, requiring antigen uptake and processing. Interestingly, similar to macrophages, CSFV did not induce IFN-alpha responses in these DCs and even suppressed pIC-induced IFN-alpha induction. Other cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-alpha were not modulated. Taken together, these results demonstrated that CSFV can replicate in DCs and control IFN type I responses, without interfering with the immune reactivity. These results are interesting considering that DC infection with RNA viruses usually results in DC activation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rigden
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Balmelli
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceppi
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bauhofer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tâche
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hjertner
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Veterinary Sciences Division, Belfast, UK.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McNeilly
authors.affiliation: Animal Sciences Group, 8200 AB Lelystad, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: van Gennip
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Summerfield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D006692:Classical Swine Fever Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines