title: Collimonas fungivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a chitinolytic soil bacterium with the ability to grow on living fungal hyphae.
abstract: A polyphasic approach was used to describe the phylogenetic position of 22 chitinolytic bacterial isolates that were able to grow at the expense of intact, living hyphae of several soil fungi. These isolates, which were found in slightly acidic dune soils in the Netherlands, were strictly aerobic, Gram-negative rods. Cells grown in liquid cultures were flagellated and possessed pili. A wide range of sugars, alcohols, organic acids and amino acids could be metabolized, whereas several di- and trisaccharides could not be used as substrates. The major cellular fatty acids were C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)omega7c and C(18 : 1)omega7c. DNA G+C contents were 57-62 mol%. Analysis of nearly full-length 16S rDNA sequences showed that the isolates were related closely to each other (>98.6 % sequence similarity) and could be assigned to the beta-Proteobacteria, family 'Oxalobacteraceae', order 'Burkholderiales'. The most closely related species belonged to the genera Herbaspirillum and Janthinobacterium, exhibiting 95.9-96.7 % (Herbaspirillum species) and 94.3-95.6 % (Janthinobacterium species) 16S rDNA sequence similarity to the isolates. Several physiological and biochemical properties indicated that the isolates could be distinguished clearly from both of these genera. Therefore, it is proposed that the isolates described in this study are representatives of a novel genus, Collimonas gen. nov. Genomic fingerprinting (BOX-PCR), detailed analysis of 16S rDNA patterns and physiological characterization (Biolog) of the isolates revealed the existence of four subclusters. The name Collimonas fungivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. has been given to one subcluster (four isolates) that appears to be in the centre of the novel genus; isolates in the other subclusters have been tentatively named Collimonas sp. The type strain of Collimonas fungivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is Ter6(T) (=NCCB 100033(T)=LMG 21973(T)).
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Plant-Microorganism Interactions, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wietse
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Plant-Microorganism Interactions, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johan H J
authors.initials: JHJ
authors.lastname: Leveau
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Plant-Microorganism Interactions, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kowalchuk
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Plant-Microorganism Interactions, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Paulien J A Klein
authors.initials: PJAK
authors.lastname: Gunnewiek
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Culture Collection of Bacteria, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Edwin C A
authors.initials: ECA
authors.lastname: Abeln
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Culture Collection of Bacteria, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Figge
authors.affiliation: Eukaryotic Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, NL-9751 NN Haren, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sjollema
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection Service, Section Bacteriology, NL-6700 HC Wageningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jaap D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Janse
authors.affiliation: Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Plant-Microorganism Interactions, NL-6666 ZG Heteren, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Johannes A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: van Veen
mesh_terms: D001482:Base Composition; D002686:Chitin / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005658:Fungi; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009426:Netherlands; D042802:Oxalobacteraceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002686:Chitin