title: Antioxidant and cellular activities of anthocyanins and their corresponding vitisins A--studies in platelets, monocytes, and human endothelial cells.
abstract: During red wine aging, there is a loss of anthocyanins and the formation of various other pigments, so-called vitisins A, which are formed through the chemical interaction of the original anthocyanins with pyruvic acid. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activities of the most abundant anthocyanins present in red wine (glycosides of delphinidin, petunidin, and malvidin) and their corresponding vitisins A. Anthocyanins exhibited a higher iron reducing as well as 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) and peroxyl radical scavenging activity than their corresponding vitisins A. Delphinidin showed the highest antioxidant effect of the tested compounds in all of the assays used. Furthermore, we studied the effect of anthocyanins and vitisins A on platelet aggregation and monocyte and endothelial function. Anthocyanins and vitisins did not affect nitric oxide production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion in lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-gamma-activated macrophages. Furthermore, anthocyanins and vitisins did not change collagen-induced platelet aggregation in vitro. However, anthocyanins and to a lesser extent vitisins exhibited protective effects against TNF-alpha-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein production in primary human endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Alonso
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rimbach
authors.forename: Julián C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rivas-Gonzalo
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Pascual-Teresa
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D001572:Benzofurans; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D010636:Phenols; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C412469:vitisin A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007501:Iron