title: In vivo quantification of the metabolites in normal brain and brain tumors by proton MR spectroscopy using water as an internal standard.
abstract: Metabolite concentrations in normal adult brains and in gliomas were quantitatively analyzed by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) using the fully relaxed water signal as an internal standard. Between January 1998 and October 2001, 28 healthy volunteers and 18 patients with gliomas were examined by in vivo proton MRS. Single-voxel spectra were acquired using the point-resolved spectroscopic (PRESS) pulse sequence with a 1.5 T scanner (TR/TE/Ave = 3000 ms/30 ms/64). The calculated concentrations of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre), choline (Cho), and water(H(2)O) in the normal hemispheric white matter were 23.59 +/- 2.62 mM (mean +/- SD), 13.06 +/- 1.8 mM, 4.28 +/- 0.8 mM, and 47280.96 +/- 5414.85 mM, respectively. The metabolite concentrations were not necessarily uniform in different parts of the brain. The concentrations of NAA and Cre decreased in all gliomas (p < 0.001). The NAA/Cho and NAA/H(2)O ratios can distinguish the normal brain from gliomas and low-grade from high-grade astrocytoma (p < 0.001). The concentration of taurine (Tau) in medulloblastomas was 29.64 +/- 5.76 mM. This is the first quantitative analysis of Tau in medulloblastoma in vivo and confirms earlier in vitro findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaki
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Kiyohiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Houkin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002528:Cerebellar Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D018303:Ganglioglioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008527:Medulloblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D013654:Taurine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013654:Taurine; D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003404:Creatinine; D002794:Choline