title: In-vitro permeation of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and the sunscreen oxybenzone.
abstract: The permeation behaviours of the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and the sunscreen oxybenzone were assessed in a series of in-vitro diffusion studies, using piglet skin and poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) membrane. The transmembrane permeability of DEET and oxybenzone across piglet skin and PDMS membrane was dependent on dissolving vehicles and test concentrations. An enhanced permeation increase across piglet skin was found for DEET and oxybenzone when both compounds were present in the same medium (DEET: 289% in propylene glycol, 243% in ethanol and 112% in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-400); oxybenzone: 139% in PEG-400, 120% in propylene glycol and 112% in ethanol). Permeation enhancement was also observed in PDMS membrane (DEET: 207% in ethanol, 124% in PEG-400 and 107% in propylene glycol; oxybenzone: 254% in PEG-400, 154% in ethanol and 105% in propylene glycol). PDMS membrane was found to be a suitable candidate for in-vitro diffusion evaluations. This study shows that the permeations of the insect repellent DEET and the sunscreen oxybenzone were synergistically enhanced when they were applied simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2. xgu@cc.umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: Xiaochen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Sreeneeranj
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasichayanula
authors.forename: Daryl J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fediuk
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Burczynski
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003671:DEET / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000737:chemistry; D004357:Drug Synergism; D000431:Ethanol; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010539:Permeability; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D012828:Silicones / Q000737:chemistry; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D012997:Solvents; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D007302:Insect Repellents; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D012828:Silicones; D012997:Solvents; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D003671:DEET; D000431:Ethanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C013830:baysilon; D019946:Propylene Glycol; C005290:oxybenzone