title: Botulinum toxin type a for dysthyroid upper eyelid retraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin type A for treatment of eyelid retraction resulting from thyroid eye disease (TED) during the inflammatory phase of the condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective, nonrandomized case series, 18 patients with inflammatory eyelid retraction caused by active TED received botulinum toxin type A injection (10, 5, or 2.5 U) for treatment of upper eyelid retraction. Botulinum toxin type A (Allergan, Irvine, CA, U.S.A.) was injected transconjunctivally just above the superior tarsal border in the elevator complex of the upper eyelid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen of 18 patients (94%) demonstrated a reduced marginal reflex distance (MRD1) after botulinum toxin injection. The average change in MRD1 of the treated eyelid after injection was -2.35 mm (range, 0 to -8.0 mm). Of the 27 eyelids injected, 33% had a 0- to 1-mm drop in eyelid height, 30% had a 1.5- to 2-mm decrease, 22% had a 2.5- to 3-mm decrease, and 15% had a greater than 3-mm decrease in eyelid height. None of the treated eyelids were noted to increase in height. One patient showed no alteration inafter treatment. One patient had clinically MRD1 significant ptosis and one patient reported worsening of preexisting diplopia after injection. Three patients undergoing unilateral injection had relative contralateral eyelid elevation. All untoward effects resolved spontaneously without sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : Botulinum toxin type A may be used in the inflammatory stage of thyroid eye disease to improve upper eyelid retraction. Individual response to treatment is variable, but this modality should be considered as a temporizing measure until stability for surgery is reached.
authors.affiliation: Grant Eye and Ear Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA. kmorgenstern@pol.net
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evanchan
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: D E E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Holck
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Wulc
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A