title: Altered sodium channel expression in second-order spinal sensory neurons contributes to pain after peripheral nerve injury.
abstract: Peripheral nerve injury is known to upregulate the rapidly repriming Na(v)1.3 sodium channel within first-order spinal sensory neurons. In this study, we hypothesized that (1) after peripheral nerve injury, second-order dorsal horn neurons abnormally express Na(v)1.3, which (2) contributes to the responsiveness of these dorsal horn neurons and to pain-related behaviors. To test these hypotheses, adult rats underwent chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Ten days after CCI, allodynia and hyperalgesia were evident. In situ hybridization, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, and immunocytochemical analysis revealed upregulation of Na(v)1.3 in dorsal horn nociceptive neurons but not in astrocytes or microglia, and unit recordings demonstrated hyperresponsiveness of dorsal horn sensory neurons. Intrathecal antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeting Na(v)1.3 decreased the expression of Na(v)1.3 mRNA and protein, reduced the hyperresponsiveness of dorsal horn neurons, and attenuated pain-related behaviors after CCI, all of which returned after cessation of antisense delivery. These results demonstrate for the first time that sodium channel expression is altered within higher-order spinal sensory neurons after peripheral nerve injury and suggest a link between misexpression of the Na(v)1.3 sodium channel and central mechanisms that contribute to neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and the Paralyzed Veterans of America-Eastern Paralyzed Veterans Association Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
authors.forename: Bryan C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Hains
authors.forename: Carl Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Saab
authors.forename: Joshua P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Craner
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Waxman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D062552:NAV1.3 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D062552:NAV1.3 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C478638:Scn3a protein, rat; D015222:Sodium Channels