title: The 5'-HS4 chicken beta-globin insulator is a CTCF-dependent nuclear matrix-associated element.
abstract: The protein CTCF plays an essential role in the action of a widely distributed class of vertebrate enhancer-blocking insulators, of which the first example was found in a DNA sequence element, HS4, at the 5' end of the chicken beta-globin locus. HS4 contains a binding site for CTCF that is necessary and sufficient for insulator action. Purification of CTCF has revealed that it interacts with proteins involved in subnuclear architecture, notably nucleophosmin, a 38-kDa nucleolar phosphoprotein that is concentrated in nuclear matrix preparations. In this report we show that both CTCF and the HS4 insulator element are incorporated in the matrix; HS4 incorporation depends on the presence of an intact CTCF-binding site. However the DNA sequence in the neighborhood of HS4 is not like that of canonical matrix attachment regions, and its incorporation into the matrix fraction is not sensitive to ribonuclease, suggesting that the insulator is a distinct matrix-associated element.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0540, USA.
authors.forename: Timur M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Yusufzai
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Felsenfeld
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D002645:Chickens; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019901:Locus Control Region; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015530:Nuclear Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D056489:Nucleoplasmins; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000076246:CCCTC-Binding Factor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056489:Nucleoplasmins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D005914:Globins; D004247:DNA