title: A biomechanical evaluation of transcondylar femoral fixation of anterior cruciate ligament grafts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interference screw fixation of the graft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is considered the gold standard, but limited clinical experience suggests that transcondylar fixation is equally effective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare transcondylar and interference screw fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ex vivo biomechanical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty pairs of unembalmed knees underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autografts. In 1 knee of each pair, the bone plug was stabilized in the femoral tunnel with standard interference screws; in the other knee, transcondylar screws were used. Testing to failure occurred immediately or after 1000 cycles of sinusoidal loading (30 to 150 N) (20 paired reconstructions each). Fixation stiffness, strength, graft creep, displacement amplitude, and change in amplitude were measured and compared (repeated measures anaylsis of variance with Tukey test; P <.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in acute strength, maximum load within 3 mm, or stiffness between transcondylar fixation (410 +/- 164 N, 183 +/- 93 N, and 49.6 +/- 28 N/mm, respectively) and interference fixation (497 +/- 216 N, 206 +/- 115 N, and 61 +/- 37.8 N/mm, respectively). Similarly, there was no significant difference in cyclic strength, maximum load within 3 mm, or stiffness between transcondylar fixation (496 +/- 214 N, 357 +/- 82.9 N, and 110 +/- 27.4 N/mm, respectively) and interference fixation (552 +/- 233 N, 357 +/- 76.2 N, and 112 +/- 26.8 N/mm, respectively). Predominant modes of failure were bone plug pullout (transcondylar fixation) and tendon failure or bone plug fracture (interference fixation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcondylar screw fixation of the patellar tendon autograft into the femoral tunnel performed mechanically as well as interference screw fixation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that transcondylar and interference screws provide similar fixation for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Traumatology, University for Motor Sciences, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camillieri
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: Louis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Jasper
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Belkoff
authors.forename: Tae Kyun
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Rauh
authors.forename: Pier Paolo
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Mariani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation*