title: Evaluation of apical filling after warm vertical gutta-percha compaction using different procedures.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of endodontic sealing in the apical 4 mm of narrow and curved canals using different filling techniques. Human teeth were selected and assigned to four different techniques: group A, Schilder's warm vertical condensation; group B, Schilder's technique modified by using an electric heater; group C, Schilder's technique modified by compaction of the apical tract at body temperature; and group D, a modified vertical compaction with apical back-filling. A dye penetration test was performed, and specimens of group D showed increased apical sealing and reduced extension of voids. The use of the vertical compaction with apical back-filling technique allowed the creation of an effective apical plug and an excellent adaptation of back-filling to apical gutta-percha and to root canal walls.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Stuparich 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venturi
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Breschi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004396:Coloring Agents; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008751:Methylene Blue; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013499:Surface Properties; D013696:Temperature; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D008751:Methylene Blue