Dietary polyphenols increase paraoxonase 1 gene expression by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent mechanism.
Human paraoxonase 1 (PON-1) is a serum high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme mainly secreted by the liver. It has endogenous and exogenous substrates and displays protective properties with respect to cardiovascular disease and organophosphate intoxication. In the HuH7 human hepatoma cell line, PON-1 activity and mRNA levels were increased by dietary polyphenolic compounds such as quercetin but also by toxic ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) such as 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). However, the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorobenzo(p)dioxin (TCDD) was a poor inducer. Transient and stable transfection assays indicated that these compounds increased the PON-1 gene promoter activity in an AhR-dependent manner, since their effect was inhibited by 7-keto-cholesterol and AhR-directed short interfering RNA. Deletions and mutations studies showed that a xenobiotic responsive element (XRE)-like sequence within the PON-1 promoter mediated the effect of 3-MC and quercetin. In contrast with consensus XREs from the cytochrome P450 1A1 gene, the PON-1 XRE-like element mediated preferentially the effect of quercetin compared to the results seen with TCDD. Furthermore, AhR binding to this element was preferentially activated by quercetin. These observations provide a molecular mechanism for the regulation of the cardioprotective enzyme PON-1 by polyphenols. They suggest also that AhR ligands may differentially regulate gene expression depending on the DNA target sequence.
Gouédard
Cédric
C
INSERM UMR-S 490, Université Renes Descartes, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.
Barouki
Robert
R
Morel
Yannick
Y
D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008748:Methylcholanthrene / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017384:Sequence Deletion
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005419:Flavonoids; D008024:Ligands; D010636:Phenols; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D059808:Polyphenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D008748:Methylcholanthrene; D011794:Quercetin; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human