Autonomic neural signals in bone: physiological implications for mandible and dental growth.
Signals derived from the autonomic nervous system exert potent effects on osteoclast and osteoblast function. A ubiquitous sympathetic and sensory innervation of all periosteal surfaces exists and its disruption affects bone remodeling. Several neuropeptides, neurohormones and neurotransmitters and their receptors are detectable in bone. Bone mineral content decreased in sympathetically denervated mandibular bone. When a mechanical stress was superimposed on mandibular bone by cutting out the lower incisors, an increase in bone density ensued providing the sympathetic innervation was intact. A lower eruption rate of sympathetically denervated incisors at the impeded eruption side, and a higher eruption rate of denervated incisors at the unimpeded side were also observed. A normal sympathetic neural activity appears to be a pre-requisite for maintaining a minimal normal unimpeded incisor eruption and for keeping the unimpeded eruption to attain abnormally high velocities under conditions of stimulated incisor growth. These and other results suggest that the sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in mandibular bone metabolism.
Boggio
Verónica
V
Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 1121 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Ladizesky
Marta G
MG
Cutrera
Rodolfo A
RA
Cardinali
Daniel P
DP
D000818:Animals; D017776:Autonomic Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D009063:Dental Physiological Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D008340:Mandibular Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D013562:Sympathectomy; D014070:Tooth / Q000254:growth & development / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology