title: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy using microwave tissue coagulator for small renal tumors: usefulness and complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the usefulness and complications of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for small renal tumors using a microwave tissue coagulator without renal pedicle clamping.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 1999 and March 2003, 19 patients with small renal tumors 11 to 45 mm in diameter underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without renal ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six and 13 patients were treated by the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches, respectively. Excluding a case with open conversion due to dense perirenal adhesions, 18 patients successfully underwent laparoscopic procedures. The mean operative time was 240 minutes with minimal blood loss in 14 patients and 100 to 400 ml in 4. In a patient, frozen sections revealed a positive surgical margin and additional resection was performed. Postoperative complications included extended urine leakage for 14 days, arteriovenous fistula and almost total loss of renal function, respectively, in a patient. With the median follow-up of 19 months, no patients showed local recurrence or distant metastasis by CT scan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic non-ischemic partial nephrectomy using a microwave tissue coagulator may be useful for treating small renal tumors because it does not require advanced laparoscopic skill. However, the indication of this procedure should be highly selective in order to minimize serious complications secondary to unexpected collateral damage to surrounding structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Miwa 1-1-1, Kurashiki 710-8602, Japan. at7899@kchnet.or.jp
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Terai
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichioka
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamoto
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*