title: Extract of vinegar "Kurosu" from unpolished rice inhibits the proliferation of human cancer cells.
abstract: The effects of the ethyl acetate extract of "Kurosu" (EK), Japanese traditional vinegar from unpolished rice, on the proliferation of a variety of human cancer cell lines were investigated by using the alamar blue assay. Cancer cell lines included colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), lung carcinoma (A549), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), bladder carcinoma (5637), and prostate carcinoma (LNCaP) cells. EK inhibited the proliferation of all tested cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition mostly pronounced in Caco-2 cells (up to 62% inhibition at a dose level of 0.025%). Flow cytometry of EK-treated Caco-2 cells showed a decrease in cell number in the G2/M phase and an increase in the sub-G1 phase (apoptotic). In addition, DNA fragmentation was detected in Caco-2 cells cultured with EK by immunostaining. RT-PCR analysis revealed p21 mRNA expression was induced in EK-treated Caco-2 cells. Moreover, PARP cleavage was promoted in EK-treated Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that EK causes G0/G1 arrest through p21 induction and, thus, is a potential apoptosis inducer in Caco-2 cells.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Tamanoi Vinegar Co. Ltd., Yamatokoriyama, Nara, Japan. research@tamanoi.co.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimoji
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uenakai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D012275:Oryza; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014966:Xanthenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010078:Oxazines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014966:Xanthenes; C005843:resazurin; D004247:DNA; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins; D019342:Acetic Acid