title: Validation of the German version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire is an instrument for the assessment of health-related quality of life in patients with chronic liver diseases. So far it has not been validated for German speaking countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and three consecutive patients with chronic liver diseases (age, 52.7 +/- 13.9 years; 47% female; 45% no cirrhosis, 21% Child's class A, 15% Child's class B and 17% Child's class C cirrhosis; 52% with chronic viral hepatitis, 32% with alcoholic and 16% with other liver diseases) of a liver centre completed the German version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ-D), the Short Form Health Survey SF-36, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Giessener Symptom List GBB-24. Fifty stable patients filled in the CLDQ-D a second time within 3 - 8 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With 97.7% completed items the acceptance by the patients was high. The internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) for the subscales ranged from 0.69 to 0.95, the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.79 to 0.88. The correlation coefficients with similar subscales of the instruments used for validation ranged between 0.5 and 0.9 (convergent validity). Patients with liver cirrhosis Child-Pugh stage C scored significantly lower in the subscales 'Abdominal Symptoms', 'Activity' and 'Worry', indicating a reduced health-related quality of life than in patients without cirrhosis (P < 0.05) (discriminant validity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CLDQ-D is well accepted by patients with chronic liver diseases and has good reliability and satisfactory discriminant validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Klinikum Saarbrücken gGmbH, Germany. whaeuser@klinikum-saarbruecken.de
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Häuser
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schnur
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Steder-Neukamm
authors.forename: Fritz A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Muthny
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grandt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires