title: Laboratory markers predict bone loss in Crohn's disease: relationship to blood mononuclear cell function and nutritional status.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Crohn's disease is associated with reduced bone density. The power of simple markers of systemic inflammation to identify higher rates of bone loss, in Crohn's disease, is uncertain. This relationship and the role of circulating (peripheral blood) mononuclear cells were investigated in a case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary deoxypyridinoline/creatinine and serum osteocalcin concentrations were compared in male and premenopausal females with "active" Crohn's disease (C-reactive protein > or = 10 and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate > or = 20) (n = 22) and controls with "quiescent" Crohn's disease (C-reactive protein < 10 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate < 20) (n = 21). No patients were receiving corticosteroid therapy. Production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma and prostaglandin E(2) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Active Crohn's disease was associated with a higher deoxypyridinoline/creatinine (P = 0.02) and deoxypyridinoline/creatinine:osteocalcin ratio (P =0.01) compared with quiescent Crohn's disease, but similar osteocalcin (P = 0.24). These were not explained by vitamin D status, dietary intake or nutritional status. However, production of interferon-gamma by concanavalin A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was lower in active Crohn's disease (P = 0.02) and correlated negatively with the deoxypyridinoline/creatinine:osteocalcin ratio (r = -0.40, P = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Crohn's disease, raised C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate may indicate higher rates of bone loss and, if persistent, the need to assess bone mass even where disease symptoms are mild. This may be partly explained by altered production of interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. tt2@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Trebble
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wootton
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stroud
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mullee
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Calder
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moniz
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Arden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000503:physiopathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011453:Prostaglandins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein