title: A questionnaire survey on the use of quick-acting insulin analog in Japanese children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the actual condition of quick-acting insulin analog (Q) in Japanese children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven physicians who managed 944 patients under 18 years of age with type 1 diabetes, were requested to complete questionnaires in May 2002 regarding the use of Q.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Q was administered to 417 out of 944 (44%) patients. The details of the daily insulin regimens were as follows: three doses of Q with basal insulin in 116 of 403 (29%), three doses of Q with more than twice the basal insulin in 69 of 403 (17%), and other modifications using either Q or regular insulin (R) depending on the patients' lifestyles in 213 of 403 (53%). Q dose was equal to R after the change of insulin regimens in 232 of 290 (80%). After switching to Q from R, the basal insulin dosage increased in 113 of 341 (33%) and the number of basal insulin injections increased in 42 of 341 (12%). After the transfer to Q from R, glycemic control was judged to improve in 179 of 372 (48%), to have no significant change in 162 of 372 (44%), and to aggravate in 31 of 372 (8%). The majority of patients, (305/389; 78%), noted an improvement of quality of life (QOL) following the administration of Q.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Q was considered to be useful in flexibility of daily insulin therapy and improvement of QOL in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes during childhood and adolescence should be tailored to meet individual needs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. turakami@med.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Urakami
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Shigetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amemiya
authors.forename: Nozomu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Matsuura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003625:Data Collection; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061268:Insulin Lispro; D061267:Insulin Aspart