title: Amphoterin stimulates myogenesis and counteracts the antimyogenic factors basic fibroblast growth factor and S100B via RAGE binding.
abstract: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), a multiligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has been implicated in the inflammatory response, diabetic angiopathy and neuropathy, neurodegeneration, cell migration, tumor growth, neuroprotection, and neuronal differentiation. We show here that (i) RAGE is expressed in skeletal muscle tissue and its expression is developmentally regulated and (ii) RAGE engagement by amphoterin (HMGB1), a RAGE ligand, in rat L6 myoblasts results in stimulation of myogenic differentiation via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), up-regulation of myogenin and myosin heavy chain expression, and induction of muscle creatine kinase. No such effects were detected in myoblasts transfected with a RAGE mutant lacking the transducing domain or myoblasts transfected with a constitutively inactive form of the p38 MAPK upstream kinase, MAPK kinase 6, Cdc42, or Rac-1. Moreover, amphoterin counteracted the antimyogenic activity of the Ca(2+)-modulated protein S100B, which was reported to inhibit myogenic differentiation via inactivation of p38 MAPK, and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), a known inhibitor of myogenic differentiation, in a manner that was inversely related to the S100B or bFGF concentration and directly related to the extent of RAGE expression. These data suggest that RAGE and amphoterin might play an important role in myogenesis, accelerating myogenic differentiation via Cdc42-Rac-1-MAPK kinase 6-p38 MAPK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, Section of Anatomy, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto C.P. 81 Succ. 3, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sorci
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riuzzi
authors.forename: Cataldo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arcuri
authors.forename: Ileana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Giambanco
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Donato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D048669:MAP Kinase Kinase 6; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579158:S100b protein, rat; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048669:MAP Kinase Kinase 6; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein