title: Can we rely on arterial line sampling in performing activated plasma thromboplastin time after cardiac surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Arterial catheters are routinely used to sample blood for clotting studies in most cardiothoracic intensive care units. The clotting profile in surgical bleeding after cardiac surgery influences further management. Aspiration and discard of a certain amount of blood from the line, prior to sampling, are assumed to clear heparin contamination. We have investigated this assumption through analysis of the clotting profile by simultaneous arterial line and peripheral venous samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  The morning following cardiac surgery, simultaneous arterial line and peripheral venous blood samples were taken for activated plasma thromboplastin time (APTT) ratio and international normalized ratio (INR) in 49 randomly selected patients. Also, a thromboelastogram analysis (TEG) (n = 7) was made. A survey of 22 UK cardiothoracic intensive care units was carried out to determine the practice for the withdrawal of blood for clotting studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median arterial APTT ratio value was 1.32 +/- 0.52 as compared to the median peripheral APTT ratio value which was 1.1 +/- 0.24 (P < 0.001). INR values were statistically similar by both routes. Heparin contamination was confirmed by TEG which revealed that the R-value for arterial catheter blood samples without heparinase in the cup was higher (406.00 +/- 64.44 s) compared with the value for arterial samples with heparinase in the cup (318.28 +/- 47.26s, P < 0.05). The survey of 22 UK cardiothoracic intensive care units showed that heparinized arterial lines were by far the commonest ports used for blood withdrawal for the measurement of APTT ratio results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Samples withdrawn from heparinized arterial lines cannot be relied upon for APTT ratio results.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Coventry, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alzetani
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Vohra
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003625:Data Collection; D006493:Heparin / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D019934:International Normalized Ratio / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time / Q000379:methods; D013916:Thrombelastography; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin