Timing jitter of femtosecond solitons in single-mode optical fibers: a perturbation model.
On the basis of the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, an extended soliton perturbation model is proposed. The evolution equations for the soliton parameters and the resultant expressions for timing jitter are derived. Subsequently, the model is tested to be correct in the subpicosecond-femtosecond regime through direct numerical simulations of the underlying equation by using the stochastic split-step Fourier method. It is shown that the results of our numerical simulations are in excellent agreement with analytical predictions for timing jitter. It is found that the Gordon-Haus jitter for dark solitons is nearly 1/sqrt[2] of that for bright solitons, and that the Raman jitter always dominates the Gordon-Haus jitter in the femtosecond regime. In particular, the stabilities of the solitary waves are demonstrated under the Gaussian white noise. It is expected that for bright and dark solitons, the present equations of motion would find extensive applications in the high-speed communication systems more than those obtained by use of the well-known perturbation theory about the nonlinear Schrödinger equation [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 18, 153 (2001)].
Chen
Shihua
S
Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Laser Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China. cshua@mail.edu.cn
Shi
Dufang
D
Yi
Lin
L