title: Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors inhibit GABA release at interneuron-Purkinje cell synapses through endocannabinoid production.
abstract: Actions of endocannabinoids in the cerebellum can be demonstrated following distinct stimulation protocols in Purkinje cells. First, depolarization-induced elevations of intracellular Ca2+ lead to the suppression of neurotransmitter release from both inhibitory and excitatory afferents. In another case, postsynaptic group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) trigger a strong inhibition of the glutamatergic inputs from parallel and climbing fibers. Both pathways involve endocannabinoids retrogradely acting on type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1Rs) at presynaptic terminals. Here, we show that group I mGluR activation also depresses GABAergic transmission at the synapses between molecular layer interneurons and Purkinje cells. Using paired recordings, we found that application of the group I mGluR agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine reduced the evoked IPSCs in Purkinje cells. This effect was independent of postsynaptic Ca2+ increases and was completely blocked by a CB1R antagonist. Experiments performed with the GTP-analogues GDP-betaS and GTP-gammaS provided evidence that endocannabinoids released after G-protein activation can also inhibit GABAergic inputs onto nearby, unstimulated Purkinje cells. Block of the enzymes DAG lipase or phospholipase C reduced the group I mGluR-dependent inhibition, suggesting that 2-arachidonyl glycerol could act as retrograde messenger. Finally, group I mGluR activation by brief bursts of activity of the parallel fibers induced a short-lived depression of spontaneous IPSCs via presynaptic CB1Rs. Our results reveal a mechanism with potential physiological importance, by which glutamatergic synapses induce an endocannabinoid-mediated inhibition of the GABAergic inputs onto Purkinje cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physiologie Cérébrale, Université Paris 5, 75006 Paris, France. micaela.galante@espci.fr
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galante
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Diana
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007395:Interneurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C104077:metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins