title: Monitoring and educational feedback to improve the compliance of tattooists and body piercers with infection control standards: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Blood-borne viruses, which present a grim health and economic burden for both developed and developing countries, can be transmitted through tattooing and piercing. Limited data exist concerning intervention strategies for increasing skin penetration operators' compliance with infection control standards. We evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of an educational feedback intervention for tattooists and piercers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial was conducted in Sydney, NSW, Australia, among 37 tattooing and body-piercing premises in 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No effects were found in terms of improved knowledge. There was a significantly greater increase in the experimental group in the perceived risk of being detected and penalized for noncompliance. There was a significantly greater improvement in the demonstration of 2 of 3 infection control procedures and a nonsignificant trend toward greater improvement in inspection scores in the experimental group. The odds of compliance were significantly higher in the experimental group for 2 of the 3 demonstration practices and in 2 of 5 observed infection control practices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings contribute new information concerning alternative approaches to increasing tattooists and piercers' infection control compliance with regulations/guidelines.
authors.affiliation: School of Medical Practice and Popluation Health, University of Newcastle, and the Hunter Centre for Health Advancement, Wallsend, NSW 2287, Australia.
authors.forename: Aurmporn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oberdorfer
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wiggers
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cockburn
authors.forename: Robyn J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Considine
mesh_terms: D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D013653:Tattooing / Q000009:adverse effects*