title: Ex-vivo study of flow dynamics and endothelial cell structure during extended hypothermic machine perfusion preservation of livers.
abstract: Liver transplantation is often the only effective treatment for end stage liver diseases resulting from cirrhosis, hepatitis, progressive jaundice, and biliary atresia. Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) preservation may enhance donor pool by extending preservation time and reclaiming marginal donor livers including those from non-heart beating donors (NHBD), as demonstrated in the kidney. However, current HMP protocols have not been successful in improving extended preservation of livers and the major cause of preservation injury remains unknown. An intravital microscopy study was conducted to understand the flow dynamics of sinusoidal perfusion during 24h HMP with cold modified University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. Fluorescein isothiocynate (FITC) labeled albumin was utilized to visualize microvascular space and FITC labeled red blood cells (RBCs) were used to visualize flow dynamics during HMP. A heterogeneous flow pattern with regions of red cell stasis was observed after 24-h HMP. To examine the cause of red cell stasis, intravital and confocal microscopy studies of endothelial cells (ECs) structure labeled with DiI acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiI acLDL) were conducted. These studies suggest that morphological changes in EC structures occurred during 24h HMP, which may cause obstruction to the sinusoidal flow. Histological findings confirm these results. As a result, heterogeneous flow pattern, red cell stasis, and edema occur, which may lead to the failure of these tissues following extended HMP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, UNC Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Shailendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Hongzhi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Jon W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jian X
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Clemens
authors.forename: Charles Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000418:Albumins; D000493:Allopurinol; D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005978:Glutathione; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007328:Insulin; D008099:Liver; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D010477:Perfusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011887:Raffinose; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012212:Rheology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose