title: The efficacy of leflunomide monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: towards the goals of disease modifying antirheumatic drug therapy.
abstract: This expert review of results from the leflunomide phase II and III clinical trials database demonstrates that leflunomide meets all 3 goals desired of disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy: reducing the signs and symptoms of the disease; inhibiting structural damage; and improving physical function. Further, leflunomide has a rapid onset of action, sustained efficacy, and is effective in early and late disease, regardless of whether patients have received other DMARD previously. The consistent efficacy of leflunomide across phase III clinical trials is confirmed by the findings from clinical practice. Experts agreed that it is important to observe a patient under leflunomide monotherapy for at least 3-4 months before assessing efficacy. It is possible to start maintenance therapy, with either a daily dose of leflunomide 10 mg, subsequently changing to 20 mg, or the reverse. The decision to use a loading dose when initiating leflunomide therapy depends primarily on the balance between the tolerability and rapid efficacy associated with a loading dose, and the balance desired for an individual patient. In general, the use of both maintenance and loading doses requires a flexible approach to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. During the first few weeks of leflunomide therapy, patient dropout can be avoided by using prednisolone rather than a loading dose. Moreover, to ensure good tolerability and compliance in patients receiving a loading dose, information and adequate support should be provided throughout treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. smj@2me.khl.magwien.gv.at
authors.forename: Josef S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smolen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emery
authors.forename: Joachim R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kalden
authors.forename: Peit L C M
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Van Riel
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dougados
authors.forename: C Vibeke
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Strand
authors.forename: Ferdinand C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Breedveld
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000077339:Leflunomide; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007555:Isoxazoles; D000077339:Leflunomide