Seroepidemiology and risk factors for sporadic norovirus/Mexico strain.
Risk factors associated with transmission of sporadic norovirus (NV; formerly Norwalk-like virus)/Mexico strain were identified in a seroepidemiological study conducted in rural Mexico. Acquisition of Mexico strain IgA antibodies was age-related; 34% of 1-4-year-olds were seropositive, compared with 81% of adults (P<.001). After 12 months, 42% of 1-4-year-olds showed a seroresponse to Mexico strain, compared with 27% of adults (P<.01). Personal and domestic hygiene measures, such as hand washing, general cleanliness of the mother's clothing, and the type of room assigned for cooking were significantly associated with odds of a seroresponse. For infants, having a dog in or near the home was a risk factor for seroresponse (P<.01), whereas, for older children, the mother's involvement in agricultural activities was a risk factor (P<.001). This study provides initial evidence of risk factors associated with sporadic NV infection. Data indicate some similarities to risk factors associated with outbreaks of NV infection.
Peasey
Anne E
AE
Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom. a.peasey@public-health.ucl.ac.uk
Ruiz-Palacios
Guillermo M
GM
Quigley
Maria
M
Newsholme
William
W
Martinez
Julia
J
Rosales
Gustavo
G
Jiang
Xi
X
Blumenthal
Ursula J
UJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012424:Rural Population; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012923:Social Class
D000914:Antibodies, Viral