title: Management of pharyngoesophageal spasm with Botox.
abstract: Pharyngoesophageal spasm following laryngectomy can result in failure of tracheoesophageal (TE) speech and dysphagia. Chemical denervation with Clostridium botulinum toxin (Botox) is effective in relieving pharyngeal constrictor spasm, thereby facilitating TE speech production. This article reviews the technique, results,and complications regarding the use of Botox in the management of TE speech failure associated with pharyngoesophageal spasm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, 21201 PFP, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
authors.forename: Siew-Shuen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Henry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D015155:Esophageal Spasm, Diffuse / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018579:Patient Selection; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013072:Speech, Esophageal
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A