title: How diet and lifestyle affect duodenal ulcers. Review of the evidence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the role of diet in reducing or aggravating risk of duodenal ulcer (DU).
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE was searched from January 1966 to December 2001 for articles on the relationship between diet and lifestyle and DU using the key words duodenal ulcer and diet, fibre, or lifestyle. Evidence that these factors are associated with DU arose mainly from three case-control and three prospective studies (level II evidence) and from expert opinion (level III evidence).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high-fibre diet appears to reduce risk of DU; soluble fibre might be associated with reduced risk also. Vitamin A intake is associated with lower risk of DU. Little evidence indicates that fat, type of fat, protein intake, or consumption of alcohol or caffeine affect the etiology of DU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high-fibre diet, particularly if the fibre comes from fruit and vegetables, could reduce risk of DU; vitamin A might also be beneficial.
authors.affiliation: FEAST Enterprises, Oshawa, ON. ryanharshman@rogers.com
authors.forename: Milly
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ryan-Harshman
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aldoori
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style