title: Interleukin-8 expression is increased in senescent prostatic epithelial cells and promotes the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an extremely common disease of older men characterized by increased growth of prostatic epithelial and stromal cells. Previously we showed that senescent epithelial cells accumulate in the prostate of aging men and secrete interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha). IL-8 is also present at increased levels in BPH tissues and induces expression of FGF2, a potent stromal growth factor. Therefore, we sought to determine if IL-8 is also expressed at increased levels by senescent epithelial cells and if this secreted IL-8 plays a role in the pathogenesis of BPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of IL-8 in human BPH tissue and primary cultures of prostatic epithelial cells was analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorption assay (ELISA). Tissue senescence was assessed by a quantitative assay for senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SA-beta gal). Proliferation of primary and immortalized prostatic epithelial cells in response to IL-8 was determined by counting of cells at intervals after addition of IL-8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of IL-8 is significantly increased in vitro when cultured prostatic epithelial cells undergo senescence. Quantitative assay of BPH tissue extracts revealed that tissue IL-8 levels are correlated with both SA-beta gal activity and prostate weight. IL-8 promotes proliferation of primary and immortalized prostatic epithelial cells in culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Senescence of prostatic epithelial cells results in increased expression of IL-8, which can promote proliferation of non-senescent epithelial and stromal cells by direct and indirect mechanisms, and in this manner contributes to the increased tissue growth seen in BPH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Dolores J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ittmann
mesh_terms: D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8