title: Soluble cell adhesion molecules in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are cell surface proteins involved in the binding of cells to each other, to endothelial cells, or to the extracellular matrix. The soluble forms of CAMs (sCAMs) are thought to be produced by proteolytic cleavage from the cell surface and are shed into the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). The aim of this study was to investigate whether sCAMs, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-Selectin were present in GCF in both periodontal health and disease and to examine their relationship with periodontal inflammation.
  
  
  METHODS
  GCF was collected from a clinically healthy, a gingivitis, and a periodontitis site in 29 subjects with chronic periodontitis and from a single clinically healthy site in 22 subjects without chronic periodontitis. The volume of GCF was measured and each sample was analyzed for sCAMs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of treatment (oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing) on the levels of sCAMs in each site of the diseased group was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between the levels of sVCAM-1 in periodontal health and disease. These results indicate that changes in the levels of sCAMs may be a sensitive indicator to differentiate healthy sites from those with periodontitis. Statistically significant changes in the levels of sICAM-1 were recorded after treatment (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies are required to establish if these potential biomarkers will enable the identification of those sites most at risk for disease progression and also evaluate the response to treatment, thereby playing a preventive role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Laboratory, Millipore Ireland, Carrigtwohill, Cork, Ireland. eileen_hannigan@millipore.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hannigan
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hannigan
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Buckley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D012534:Dental Scaling; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D012995:Solubility; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1