Breast-feeding at 12 months of age and dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants.
OBJECTIVE
To analyse factors associated with breast-feeding and use of sweetened drinks at 12 months, and to compare dietary habits among breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants.


METHODS
Data were collected by a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire filled in by the parents.


METHODS
National dietary survey in Norway.


METHODS
In total, 1932 12-month-old infants were included.


RESULTS
At 12 months, 36% of the infants were breast-fed. The odds of breast-feeding at this age were more than doubled both for mothers > or =35 years compared with mothers <25 years and for mothers in the highest educational group compared with mothers in the lowest. A negative association was found for maternal smoking, and the odds of breast-feeding were 40% lower for mothers who smoked than for non-smokers. Some dietary differences were observed between breast-fed and non-breast-fed infants apart from intake of milk. In particular, breast-fed infants had a significantly lower daily intake of sweetened drinks than non-breast-fed infants and a 16% lower mean daily intake of added sugars (P<0.001). Furthermore, breast-fed infants had 30% higher odds of not receiving sweetened drinks daily, compared with non-breast-fed infants.


CONCLUSIONS
Maternal age, education and smoking status were important factors for breast-feeding at 12 months. Breast-fed infants had lower intakes of sweetened drinks and added sugars than non-breast-fed infants. From a public health perspective, continued promotion of breast-feeding is needed to reduce inequalities in breast-feeding. Moreover, prevention of high intakes of sweetened drinks and added sugars should start in infancy.
Lande
Britt
B
Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Norway. britt.lande@shdir.no
Andersen
Lene Frost
LF
Veierød
Marit B
MB
Baerug
Anne
A
Johansson
Lars
L
Trygg
Kerstin U
KU
Bjørneboe
Gunn-Elin Aa
GE
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004522:Educational Status; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D008892:Milk; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
D019422:Dietary Sucrose