title: A study of female urinary tract infection caused by urodynamic investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of female urinary tract infection before and after urodynamic investigation and to identify the risk factors for urinary tract infection after urodynamic investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight hundred twenty-two consecutive incontinent women were recruited. All women were "double-screened" and treated for urinary tract infection before urodynamic investigation: first by mid stream urine culture 4 to 6 weeks before investigation and then by reagent strips for urine leukocytes and nitrites at the time of investigation. The investigation was postponed until the urinary tract infection had been treated. All women then received a standard urodynamic investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of urinary tract infection before urodynamic investigation was 5.1% (95% CI, 3.6-6.6), and the prevalence after the investigation was 8.4% (95% CI, 6.5-10.3). Three independent risk factors were identified: age >or=70 years (odds ratio, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.14-3.48), previous continence surgery (odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.05-3.43), and urinary tract infection before urodynamic investigation (odds ratio, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.43-6.83). The 3 most common uropathogens in the urinary tract infections after the urodynamic investigation were Escherichia coli (46.3%), Enterococcus spp (16.4%), and Enterococcus faecalis (11.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a stringent screen-and-treat protocol before urodynamic investigation, patients still experienced urinary tract infection.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. yipsk@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Shing-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Kitty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Man-Wah
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Daljit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sahota
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016482:Urinalysis; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D014563:Urodynamics