title: Extravasation of systemic hemato-oncological therapies.
abstract: Systemic intravenous chemotherapeutic agents can cause multiple emergency situations including acute and chronic local and systemic reactions. Amongst them, drug extravasation is one of the most devastating complications, as many drugs can cause varying degrees of local tissue injury when extravasated. Although it is difficult to give an accurate measurement, the incidence of extravasation of systemic infusional chemotherapeutic agents has been reported to occur in 0.1-6.5% of cases. Since most extravasations can be prevented with the systematic implementation of careful administration techniques, guidelines have been published for the administration of vesicant drugs. The proper maintenance of intravenous lines, application of local cooling or warming for certain extravasations, and the use of antidotes to prevent the local toxic action of the extravasated drugs are the basis of medical management. The specific antidotes for certain chemotherapeutic agents are also discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA. enerr@einstein.edu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ener
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Meglathery
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Styler
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D017695:Soft Tissue Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents