title: Educational outreach in diabetes to encourage practice nurses to use primary care hypertension and hyperlipidaemia guidelines (EDEN): a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of specialist nurse delivered education in primary care to improve control of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia in patients with diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Practice-level randomized controlled trial, Salford, England.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 44 practices, 10 303 subjects presenting in general practice with raised blood pressure (= 140/80 mmHg), raised total cholesterol (= 5.0 mmol/l) or both.
  
  
  METHODS
  Practices were randomized to receive either the intervention for hyperlipidaemia or for hypertension; practices acted as control for the intervention not received. Specialist nurses arranged a schedule of visits with general practitioners and general practice nurses, reminding them of diabetes protocols and clinical targets. They provided educational materials and protocols used in secondary care for nurse and doctor interventions including stepping up pharmacotherapy when necessary. Practices received a list of patients in their practice who were poorly controlled at their last annual review; new and recalled patients were targeted.
  
  
  METHODS
  At subsequent annual review, blood pressure and total cholesterol values were obtained from the Salford electronic diabetes register for patients from participating practices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, specialist nurse-led educational outreach to primary care was associated with no improvement in patients achieving target after 1 year-odds ratio (OR): 1.03 (95% CI 0.95-1.11; P = 0.52). Similar results were achieved with hyperlipidaemia OR: 1.04 (95% CI 0.88-1.23; P = 0.62) and hypertension OR: 1.01 (95% CI 0.80-1.27; P = 0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that the use of specialist nurses to perform educational outreach to improve target adherence to patients with diabetes in primary care is not effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diabetes, Hope Hospital, Salford, UK. john.new@man.ac.uk
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: New
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Freemantle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teasdale
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gibson
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004509:Education, Nursing, Continuing; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol