title: Isolation, geographical diversity and insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis from soils in Spain.
abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis is a spore-forming bacterium showing the unusual ability to produce endogenous crystals during sporulation that are toxic for some pest insects. This work was performed to study the composition, ecological distribution and insecticidal activity of isolates of this entomopathogenic bacterium from the Spanish territory. Using a standard isolation method, B. thuringiensis was isolated from 115 out of 493 soil samples collected in the Iberian Peninsula and the Canary and Balearic Archipelagos. The percentages of samples with B. thuringiensis were 31.7, 27.6 and 18.5 and the B. thuringiensis index 0.065, 0.067 and 0.11 for the Iberian Peninsula, Canary and Balearic Archipelagos, respectively. The prairies were shown to be the worst source of B. thuringiensis while forests, urban and agricultural habitats showed similar percentages. Strain classification based on H-antigen agglutination showed a great diversity among the Spanish isolates, which were distributed among 24 subspecies, including three new ones andaluciensis, asturiensis and palmanyolensis. We differentiated 65 different protein profiles of spore-crystal mixtures by sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and we selected 109 isolates representative of these profiles to evaluate their insecticidal activity against insects from the Orders Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Diptera. We found variable percentages of isolates active against Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, one isolate highly active against mosquito larvae and for the first time, three isolates active against cockroaches and locusts.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Agrícolas y Forestales, Cátedra de Entomología Agrícola, ETSIAM, Universidad de Córdoba, Apartado 3048, Córdoba 14080, Spain.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quesada-Moraga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Tóvar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valverde-García
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santiago-Alvarez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000898:Antibiosis; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D004175:Diptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D007313:Insecta / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D009987:Orthoptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D012703:Serotyping; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013030:Spain; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C022863:H antigen