title: Different in vitro metabolism of paclitaxel and docetaxel in humans, rats, pigs, and minipigs.
abstract: We investigated cytochrome P450 (P450)-catalyzed metabolism of the important cancer drugs paclitaxel and docetaxel in rat, pig, minipig, and human liver microsomes and cDNA-expressed P450 enzymes. In rat microsomes, paclitaxel was metabolized mainly to C3'-hydroxypaclitaxel (C3'-OHP) and to a lesser extent to C2-hydroxypaclitaxel (C2-OHP), di-hydroxypaclitaxel (di-OHP), and another unknown monohydroxylated paclitaxel. In pig and minipig microsomes, this unknown hydroxypaclitaxel was the main metabolite, whereas C3'-OHP was a minor product. In minipigs, C2-OHP was the next minor product. In human liver microsomes, 6 alpha-hydroxypaclitaxel (6 alpha-OHP) was the main metabolite, followed by C3'-OHP and C2-OHP. Among different cDNA-expressed human P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, 1B1, 2A6, 2C9, 2E1, and 3A4), only CYP3A4 enzyme formed C3'-OHP and C2-OHP. Docetaxel was metabolized in pig, minipig, rat, and human liver microsomes mainly to hydroxydocetaxel (OHDTX), whereas CYP3A-induced rat microsomes produced primarily diastereomeric hydroxyoxazolidinones. Human liver microsomes from 10 different individuals formed OHDTX at different rates correlated with CYP3A4 content. Troleandomycin as a selective inhibitor of CYP3A inhibited the formation of C3'-OHP, C2-OHP, and di-OHP, as well as the unknown OHP produced in rat, minipig, and pig microsomes. In human liver microsomes, troleandomycin inhibited C3'-OHP and C2-OHP formation, and a suitable inhibitor of human CYP2C8, fisetin, strongly inhibited the formation of 6 alpha-OHP, known to be catalyzed by human CYP2C8. In conclusion, the metabolism of docetaxel is the same in all four species, but metabolism of paclitaxel is different, and 6 alpha-OHP remains a uniquely human metabolite. Pigs and minipigs compared with each other formed the same metabolites of paclitaxel.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health, Srobárova 48, 100 42 Prague 10, Czech Republic. rvaclavikova@szu.cz
authors.forename: Radka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaclavikova
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Soucek
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Svobodova
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anzenbacher
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simek
authors.forename: F Peter
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Guengerich
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gut
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000378:metabolism*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D044948:Flavonols; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D043823:Taxoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D014217:Troleandomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D044948:Flavonols; D007527:Isoenzymes; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D014217:Troleandomycin; C017875:fisetin; D017239:Paclitaxel