title: Integrated crop management of the lesser date moth Batrachedra amydraula Meyr. (Lepidoptera: Cosmopteridae) infesting some date-palm varieties in Egypt.
abstract: The present study was conducted during the two subsequent seasons of 2001 and 2002 in El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the efficiency of some agricultural practices on the incidence of the lesser date-moth, Batrachedra amydraula Meyr. (Lepidoptera: Cosmopteridae) on some date-palm varieties, i.e. Sammany, Hayany and Halawy. The studied agricultural practices, were: covering clusters of flowers with paper craft, covering date bunches with porous plastic cloth, thinning of bunches and/or diverging strands of bunches using special metal rings. The infestation percentages of the lesser date moth for each of the evaluated varieties indicated that Sammany had the lowest value (22.68) as compared with Hayany (37.42) and Halawy (53.16), successively. So, Sammany variety was more tolerable to the infestation than the other two varieties. In an attempt to explain such variations in the infestation by Batrachedra amydraula, determination of wax contents as well as the histological studies of the green fruits of each variety were conducted. Results revealed that tolerance of Sammany to the infestation was due to relatively higher wax content (0.420 g/10 fruits) than that of either Hayany (0.220 g/10 fruits) or Halawy (0.320/10 fruits), respectively. Moreover, the lowest infestation percentage in Sammany variety was attributed to the structure of the outer and inner layers of fruits tissues, which could be considered as natural barriers against the insect pest, causing a considerable reduction in its infestation. To know the effect of the studied agricultural practices on the quality of dates, the physical parameters of ripened fruits (length, diameter, thickness and weight), in addition to the chemical properties of the same fruits (P.H, T.S.S, T.S. and E.C.) were also determined. There is a correlation between the studied chemicals, morphological and histological characteristics of the fruits on one hand and the calculated infestation rates on the other one. The tested varieties showed that Sammany variety had the lowest value of T.S.S (20.40) in comparison to Halawy (30.2) and Hayany (35.6). Also, the estimated sugar values were 23.60, 28.10 and 30.40 for the Sammany, Halawy and Hayany, consecutively.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Pacha, Department of Plant Prduction, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harhash
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mourad
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hammad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D029784:Cycas / Q000469:parasitology*; D004534:Egypt; D005638:Fruit / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology; D009036:Moths / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010571:Pest Control / Q000379:methods*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000469:parasitology; D011058:Pollen; D014885:Waxes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014885:Waxes