title: [Alternatives to hormone replacement therapy for menopause: an epidemiological evaluation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent results put into question the risks/benefits ratio of hormone replacement therapy and emphasize the importance of precise knowledge of the effects of other treatments that exist for postmenopausal symptoms or diseases. Our aim is to analyze their effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of randomized trials or epidemiological studies was undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bisphophonates, calcitonin, parathormone, strontium ranelate, calcium and vitamin D have specific effects on bone. The efficacy of bisphophonates for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis has been proven and parathormone and strontium ranelate seem promising. These treatments are useful for women at high risk of osteoporosis who do not suffer from menopausal symptoms. Tibolone, SERMs and phytoestrogens exert effects on various tissues. SERMs are very promising, but they do not improve climacteric symptoms and their long term effects are still unknown. Tibolone has beneficial effects on climacteric symptoms and on bone loss, but recent results concerning its effects on the risk of breast cancer call into question its interest. The beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on bone and on vasomotor symptoms need to be confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At this time, none of the existing treatments for postmenopausal symptoms or diseases is ideal. The existence of several options for treatments of symptoms or diseases of the postmenopause is helpful as it affords several choices for physicians and for women who sometimes need to be treated for many years. However several questions remain unanswered concerning the long term effects of these treatments.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U 149, Unité de Recherches Epidémiologiques en Santé Périnatale et Santé des Femmes, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, 16 avenue Paul-Vaillant-Couturier, 94807 Villejuif Cedex, France. ringa@vjf.inserm.fr
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ringa
mesh_terms: D002979:Climacteric; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008593:Menopause; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D009652:Norpregnenes; D048789:Phytoestrogens; D028321:Plant Preparations; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; C027385:tibolone