Cardiovascular effects of milk enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, folic acid, and vitamins E and B6 in volunteers with mild hyperlipidemia.
OBJECTIVE
Results from epidemiologic studies and clinical trials have indicated that consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, oleic acid, and folic acid have beneficial effects on health, including decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the combined effects of these nutrients through the consumption of milk enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, vitamins E and B6, and folic acid on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in volunteers with mild hyperlipidemia.


METHODS
Thirty subjects ages 45 to 65 y (51.3 +/- 5.3 y) were given 500 mL/d of semi-skimmed milk for 4 wk and then 500 mL/d of the enriched milk for 8 wk. Plasma and low-density lipoproteins were obtained at the beginning of the study and at 4, 8, and 12 wk.


RESULTS
Consumption of enriched milk for 8 wk increased plasma concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol (24%), total cholesterol (9%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (13%). Plasma and low-density lipoprotein oxidation and vitamin E concentration remained unchanged throughout the study. Significant decreases in plasma concentrations of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (9%) and homocysteine (17%) were found, accompanied by a 98% increase in plasma concentration of folic acid.


CONCLUSIONS
Dairy supplementation strategies with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, and vitamins may be useful for decreasing risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
Carrero
Juan J
JJ
Puleva Biotech SA, Camino de Purchil, Granada, Spain.
Baró
Luis
L
Fonollá
Juristo
J
González-Santiago
María
M
Martínez-Férez
Antonio
A
Castillo
Rafael
R
Jiménez
Jesús
J
Boza
Julio J
JJ
López-Huertas
Eduardo
E
D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D025101:Vitamin B 6 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D014803:Vitamin B Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
D000975:Antioxidants; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D006710:Homocysteine; D014803:Vitamin B Complex; D014810:Vitamin E; D019301:Oleic Acid; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D025101:Vitamin B 6; D005492:Folic Acid