title: Zafirlukast for severe recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: an open label pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) has been linked to allergic disease, particularly allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  A pilot study to assess the possible use of the leukotriene receptor antagonist zafirlukast as a treatment for recurrent VVC.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 women with six or more symptomatic attacks of VVC in the past year (at least four proved microbiologically). Clinical atopy determined by the International Study for Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire assessed blindly. Monitoring by daily symptom diary and self taken vaginal swabs. Treatment with zafirlukast 20 mg twice daily for 24 weeks or until three microbiologically confirmed episodes of VVC. Response assessed by daily symptom diary and self taken vaginal swabs. Subjective response scales for improvement, side effects, and change in other allergic disease completed when stopping treatment. Semistructured telephone interview 1 year after stopping medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  14 patients (70%) reported a subjective response on the improvement response scale. Six (30%) showed a complete response with no further symptomatic attacks of VVC or negative swabs when symptomatic. Seven (37%) remained symptom free 18 months after entering the study-that is, 12 months after stopping therapy. 11 (58%) remained symptom free for at least 3 months after stopping therapy. This does not include one patient who remained symptom free but continued on zafirlukast because of an improvement in her asthma. There was no clear relation between response and atopic status. Six of nine atopic subjective responders reported improvements in other allergic symptoms. Side effects were minimal; one seemed clearly attributable to the drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zafirlukast offers a potential new treatment for recurrent VVC that requires confirmation in controlled studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sexual Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK. David.White@heartsol.wmids.nhs.uk
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vanthuyne
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ayres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000150:complications; D007211:Indoles; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012008:Recurrence; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014105:Tosyl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D020024:Leukotriene Antagonists; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C062735:zafirlukast