title: Endoscopic-assisted face lift: review of 200 cases.
abstract: The use of endoscopic techniques in facial esthetic surgery has gained increasing popularity in the last decade. Endoscopic forehead rejuvenation became a reliable technique and an attractive option for both the surgeon and the patient. The use of the endoscope in face and neck lift surgery did not gain the same popularity, as explained by the relative few indications for this technique. In this study, we retrospectively review a series of 200 patients who underwent endoscopic-assisted face-lifts alone or in combination with other esthetic procedures. We divided the patients into 4 groups according to the type of incisions and the surgical approach used in each of them. We also reviewed the current status of using the endoscope in face and neck lift surgery. The technique described in this study uses limited access incisions (limited postauricular, submental, and temporal scalp) to reposition the ptotic facial elements, while avoiding the preauricular and postauricular scarring when indicated. Under endoscopic visualization, the composite face-lift flap elevates the malar fat pad above the zygomaticus muscle to the nasolabial fold. The lower-lid orbicularis oculi muscle is incorporated and lifted with composite flap through the lower blepharoplasty incision. The jowl area is contoured by tangential excision and tightening of the lateral platysma. Pretunneling and hydrodissection defines the plane of dissection and helps to reduce the bleeding during facial and cervical flap elevation. In this study, endoscopic techniques were applicable in selected patients undergoing facial rejuvenation with goals of decreased scarring. Indications for using the technique include young patients (eg, less than 50 years) with a relatively small amount of skin excess or older patients with thick skin and minimal skin redundancy. The technique is particularly attractive to the male patient, by avoiding the preauricular incision and the disruption of the beard line. Patients with excess skin underwent the standard cervicofacial incision. In this group the endoscope was used as a tool for better magnification and illumination.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA. houshy@aol.com
authors.forename: Hisham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seify
authors.forename: Glyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bostwick
authors.forename: T Roderick
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Hester
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004724:Endoscopy; D004954:Esthetics; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome