title: Transcranial infrared laser therapy improves clinical rating scores after embolic strokes in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because photon energy delivered using a low-energy infrared laser may be useful to treat stroke, we determined whether transcranial laser therapy would improve behavioral deficits in a rabbit small clot embolic stroke model (RSCEM).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, the behavioral and physiological effects of laser treatment were measured. The RSCEM was used to assess whether low-energy laser treatment (7.5 or 25 mW/cm2) altered clinical rating scores (behavior) when given to rabbits beginning 1 to 24 hours postembolization. Behavioral analysis was conducted from 24 hours to 21 days after embolization, allowing for the determination of the effective stroke dose (P50) or clot amount (mg) that produces neurological deficits in 50% of the rabbits. Using the RSCEM, a treatment is considered beneficial if it significantly increases the P50 compared with the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the present study, the P50 value for controls were 0.97+/-0.19 mg to 1.10+/-0.17 mg; this was increased by 100% to 195% (P50=2.02+/-0.46 to 2.98+/-0.65 mg) if laser treatment was initiated up to 6 hours, but not 24 hours, postembolization (P50=1.23+/-0.15 mg). Laser treatment also produced a durable effect that was measurable 21 days after embolization. Laser treatment (25 mW/cm2) did not affect the physiological variables that were measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that laser treatment improved behavioral performance if initiated within 6 hours of an embolic stroke and the effect of laser treatment is durable. Therefore, transcranial laser treatment may be useful to treat human stroke patients and should be further developed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, MTF 316, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA. plapchak@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lapchak
authors.forename: Jiandong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Justin A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zivin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001831:Body Temperature; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020766:Intracranial Embolism; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D020521:Stroke / Q000532:radiotherapy*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose