title: Comparative mapping and marker-assisted selection in Rosaceae fruit crops.
abstract: The development of saturated linkage maps using transferable markers, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and micro-satellites has provided a foundation for fruit tree genetics and breeding. A Prunus reference map with 562 such markers is available, and a further set of 13 maps constructed with a subset of these markers has allowed genome comparison among seven Prunus diploid (x = 8) species (almond, peach, apricot, cherry, Prunus ferganensis, Prunus davidiana, and Prunus cerasifera); marker colinearity was the rule with all of them. Preliminary results of the comparison between apple and Prunus maps suggest a high level of synteny between these two genera. Conserved genomic regions have also been detected between Prunus and Arabidopsis. By using the data from different linkage maps anchored with the reference Prunus map, it has been possible to establish, in a general map, the position of 28 major genes affecting agronomic characters found in different species. Markers tightly linked to the major genes responsible for the expression of important traits (disease/pest resistances, fruit/nut quality, self-incompatibility, etc.) have been developed in apple and Prunus and are currently in use for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. Quantitative character dissection using linkage maps and candidate gene approaches has already started. Genomic tools such as the Prunus physical map, large EST collections in both Prunus and Malus, and the establishment of the map position of high numbers of ESTs are required for a better understanding of the Rosaceae genome and to foster additional research and applications on fruit tree genetics.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Bordeaux, Unité de Recherches sur les Espèces Fruitières et la Vigne, B.P. 81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dirlewanger
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Graziano
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joobeur
authors.forename: Francesc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garriga-Calderé
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cosson
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Howad
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arús
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000235:genetics*; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005638:Fruit / Q000235:genetics*; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics*; D027845:Malus / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D027861:Prunus / Q000235:genetics*; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci / Q000235:genetics; D026801:Synteny / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers