title: Abnormal left superior temporal gyrus volumes in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder: a magnetic resonance imaging study.
abstract: Abnormalities in left superior temporal gyrus (STG) have been reported in adult bipolar patients. However, it is not known whether such abnormalities are already present early in the course of this illness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometric analysis of STG was performed in 16 DSM-IV children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (mean age+/-SD 15.5+/-3.4 years) and 21 healthy controls (mean age+/-SD 16.9+/-3.8 years). Subjects underwent a 3D spoiled gradient recalled acquisition MRI examination. Using analysis of covariance with age, gender and intra-cranial brain volume as covariates, we found significantly smaller left total STG volumes in bipolar patients (12.5+/-1.5 cm(3)) compared with healthy controls (13.6+/-2.5 cm(3)) (F=4.45, d.f.=1, 32, P=0.04). This difference was accounted for by significantly smaller left and right STG white matter volumes in bipolar patients. Decreased white matter connections may be the core of abnormalities in STG, which is an important region for speech, language and communication, and could possibly underlie neurocognitive deficits present in bipolar patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Hua Hsua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hatch
authors.forename: Roberto B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sassi
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Axelson
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: E Serap
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Monkul
authors.forename: Matcheri S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Keshavan
authors.forename: Neal D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Birmaher
authors.forename: Jair C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Soares
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male