Occupational stress and incidence of sick leave in the Belgian workforce: the Belstress study.
BACKGROUND
Sick leave is a major problem in public health. The Karasek demands/control/social support/strain (JDCS) model has been largely used to predict a wide range of health outcomes and to a lesser extent sickness absence.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to test the predictive power of the JDCS model in relation with one year incidence of sick leave in a large cohort of workers.


METHODS
Cohort study conducted between 1994 and 1998 in 25 companies across Belgium.


METHODS
A total of 20 463 workers aged 35 to 59 years were followed up for sick leave during one year after the baseline survey.


RESULTS
The outcomes were a high sick leave incidence, short spells (>/=7 days), long spells (>/=28 days), and repetitive spells of sickness absence (>/=3 spells/year).


RESULTS
Independently from baseline confounding variables, a significant association between high strained jobs with low social support and repetitive spells of sickness absence was observed in both sexes with odds ratios of 1.32 (99% CI, 1.04 to 1.68) in men and 1.61 (99% CI, 1.13 to 2.33) in women. In men, high strained jobs with low social support was also significantly associated with high sick leave incidence, and short spells of sick leave with odds ratios of 1.38 (99% CI, 1.16 to 1.64) and 1.22 (99% CI, 1.05 to 1.44) respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Perceived high strain at work especially combined with low social support is predictive of sick leave in both sexes of a large cohort of the Belgian workforce.
Moreau
M
M
Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Brussels Free University, Belgium. Michel.Moreau@ulb.ac.be
Valente
F
F
Mak
R
R
Pelfrene
E
E
de Smet
P
P
De Backer
G
G
Kornitzer
M
M
D000328:Adult; D001530:Belgium / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology*