title: No difference in platelet activation or inflammation markers after diets rich or poor in vegetables, berries and apple in healthy subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High intake of vegetables and fruits is associated with decreased risk of coronary heart disease. Part of these cardioprotective effects may be mediated via the antithrombotic effects of compounds found in vegetables and fruits, such as flavonoids.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of high and low intake of vegetables, berries and apple on platelet function and inflammatory markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a randomised, controlled parallel human dietary intervention with healthy female and male volunteers (n = 77, 19-52 y). Nineteen healthy volunteers served as controls. The volunteers consumed one of four strictly controlled isocaloric 6-week diets containing either 810 or 196 g/10 MJ of vegetables, berries and apple and rich either in linoleic acid (11% of energy, en%) or oleic acid (12 en%). Blood and three 24-hour urine samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the study period for analyses of various markers of platelet function and inflammation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences between the treatment groups were seen in platelet count or volume, markers of platelet activation ( ex vivo aggregation to ADP and thrombin receptor activating peptide, protein kinase C activity, urinary 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 excretion, plasma P-selectin), plasma intercellular adhesion molecule-1, sensitive C-reactive protein, or antiphospholipid antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that in healthy volunteers 6-week diets differing markedly in the amounts of vegetables, berries and apple do not differ in their effects on platelets or inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology (Nutrition), PO Box 27 (Viikki, Latokartanonkaari 9), 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. riitta.freese@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Freese
authors.forename: Outi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Vaarala
authors.forename: Anu M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Turpeinen
authors.forename: Marja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutanen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014675:Vegetables / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019301:Oleic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid