title: Expression of the forkhead transcription factor FOXP1 is associated with estrogen receptor alpha and improved survival in primary human breast carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The FOXP1 protein belongs to a functionally diverse family of winged-helix or forkhead transcription factors that have diverse roles in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. The FOXP1 gene, which maps to 3p14, shows common loss of heterozygosity in breast tumors and is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. However, its role in breast cancer is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have therefore investigated the pattern of FOXP1 expression in whole sections from normal (n = 16) and neoplastic (n = 90) breast tissues and correlated the level of expression in 283 invasive breast carcinomas on tissue microarrays with clinicopathological factors and survival. Because a relationship with estrogen receptor (ER) was identified, estrogen (17beta-estradiol) regulation and ER/FOXP1 colocalization was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of FOXP1 was significantly positively associated with ER (P = 0.03) and negatively with epidermal growth factor receptor (P = 0.01) but no association with age (P = 0.91), lymph node status (P = 0.94), size (P = 0.76), or grade (P = 0.22). In a multivariate analysis of survival, FOXP1 expression was associated with a significantly improved relapse-free (P = 0.03) and borderline overall (P = 0.09) survival. Unlike normal breast, there was common coexpression of FOXP1 and ER in cell lines and tumors, but no 17beta-estradiol (10(-9) m) regulation of FOXP1 in MCF-7 cells was demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support a role for FOXP1 as a potential ER coregulator in human breast carcinoma and suggest that it may also independently regulate additional important pathways that control the progression of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Nuffield Department Clinical Laboratory Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. stephen.fox@ndcls.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashe
authors.forename: Russel D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Leek
authors.forename: Adrian L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Alison H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Banham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012008:Recurrence; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; C486626:FOXP1 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D004958:Estradiol; D066246:ErbB Receptors