title: CDX-2 immunostaining in primary and secondary ovarian carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of homeobox protein CDX-2 expression in the distinction between primary ovarian carcinomas and carcinomas metastatic to the ovary.
  
  
  METHODS
  CDX-2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 120 serous, 68 endometrioid, 24 clear cell, and 16 mucinous carcinomas of the ovary. In addition, CDX-2 immunoreactivity was investigated in 20 metastases from adenocarcinomas to the ovary (15 of colorectal, two of gastric, one of appendiceal, one of pancreatic, and one of cervical origin) and their corresponding primary tumours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost all of the primary ovarian carcinomas lacked immunoreactivity for CDX-2. In contrast, 14 of the 16 metastases to the ovary from intestinal primaries showed CDX-2 immunoexpression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDX-2 is a useful marker for differentiating primary ovarian carcinoma from carcinomas metastatic to the ovary.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tornillo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moch
authors.forename: P-A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lugli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D015534:Trans-Activators
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators