title: Roles of major oligosaccharides on Cry j 1 in human immunoglobulin E and T cell responses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have demonstrated that carbohydrates in Cry j 1, the major allergen of Cryptomeria japonica pollen, play a major role in promoting Cry j 1-specific Th2 response. However, little is known as to whether the carbohydrates directly participate in allergic responses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether Cry j 1-related oligosaccharides function as IgE and/or T cell epitopes. In addition, the regulatory effect of Cry j 1-related oligosaccharide on Cry j 1-specific T cell responses was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two monovalent oligosaccharides largely found on Cry j 1, Manalpha1-6(Manalpha1-3)(Xylbeta1-2)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc (M3FX), and GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-6(GlcNAcbeta1-2Manalpha1-3)(Xylbeta1-2)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc (GN2M3FX) were prepared. Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-6(Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-3)Manalpha1-6(Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-2Manalpha1-3)Manbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-4GlcNAc (M9A) was used as control. Competitive inhibition ELISA for Cry j 1-specific IgE was performed using these oligosaccharides as inhibitors. In addition, T cell lines specific for Cry j 1 or purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium tubecurosis (PPD) were established, and cellular responses against these oligosaccharides were investigated in the presence or absence of the respective antigens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, neither M3FX nor GN2M3FX displayed inhibitory effect on the binding between IgE and Cry j 1. In addition, M3FX did not by itself stimulate Cry j 1 or PPD-specific T cells. However, M3FX significantly inhibited Cry j 1-induced proliferation and IL-4 production in Cry j 1-specific T cells. Such an inhibitory effect was not seen in PPD-specific T cell responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that Cry j 1-related oligosaccharides are not major epitopes for IgE or T cells. However, these oligosaccharides have a novel potential to inhibit Cry j 1-specific T cell responses selectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan. mokano@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Michigami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000485:Allergens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D052179:Antigens, Plant; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D032485:Cryptomeria / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000032:analysis*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D011058:Pollen; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D052179:Antigens, Plant; C065290:Cry j I protein, Cryptomeria japonica; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma