title: Effects of natural and synthetic estrogens and various environmental contaminants on vitellogenesis in fish primary hepatocytes: comparison of bream (Abramis brama) and carp (Cyprinus carpio).
abstract: Interaction of environmental estrogens with the estrogen receptor (ER) has been shown in various fish species. Our objective was to compare the sensitivity of bream (Abramis brama) to (xeno-)estrogens with that of the carp (Cyprinus carpio), by measuring the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), ethynylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), methoxychlor (MXCL), and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB126, PCB118), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-dioxin (TCDD), and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PCDF) on vitellogenesis in primary hepatocytes. Comparing the EC50 values in bream hepatocytes: EE2 (0.1-0.2 microM) < E1 (0.6-0.2 microM) < E2 (1.9 microM) with those of carp hepatocytes EE2 (0.03-0.06 microM) < E2 (0.3 microM) approximately E1 (0.2-0.3 microM) we found differences in sensitivity and ranking of the estrogenic potency of E2 and E1, indicating interspecies differences. Exposure to BPA, NP, MXCL, and HAHs did not or only weakly induce vitellogenesis. Bream hepatocytes coexposed to E2 and TCDD, PCB126 or PCDF showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of E2-induced vitellogenesis. IC50 (concentration of a compound that elicits 50% inhibition of E2-induced vitellogenesis) values determined in bream were: TCDD (0.02-0.09 nM) < PCB126 (0.35-0.1 nM) < PCDF (2.0-0.1) and in carp were: TCDD (0.01 nM) < PCB126 (0.4 nM). PCB118 showed no (anti-)estrogenic response. IC50 values and benchmark-concentration for TCDD and PCB126 in bream and carp hepatocytes were in the same range, indicating similar sensitivity to these compounds. Due to their anti-estrogenic capacity with benchmark-concentrations in the pM range TCDD, PCDF, and PCB126 may form a potential hazard for the reproductive success of fish species by inhibition of vitellogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80176, 3508 TD, The Netherlands. T.Rouhani@iras.uu.nl
authors.forename: T Rouhani
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Rankouhi
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sanderson
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Holsteijn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Vethaak
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van den Berg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002347:Carps / Q000502:physiology*; D002469:Cell Separation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004967:Estrogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D014818:Vitellogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D004967:Estrogens; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D014819:Vitellogenins