title: Lack of efficacy of injectable ketamine with xylazine or diazepam for anesthesia in chickens.
abstract: Compared to other laboratory animals, little is known about the use of anesthetics in birds, potentially resulting in the use of improper dosing regimens. The authors compared two commonly used ketamine combinations with isoflurane and concluded that the injectable doses were ineffective for induction of surgical anesthesia in chickens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varner
authors.forename: Kelli R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Clifton
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poulos
authors.forename: J Roger
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Broderson
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000662:veterinary; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary*; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004338:Drug Combinations; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine; D007530:Isoflurane; D003975:Diazepam