title: Comparison of methods for differentiation of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4 isolates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare molecular typing methods for the differentiation of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4 isolates that allowed for the determination of their genetic relatedness.
  
  
  METHODS
  27 Salmonella Enteritidis PT 4 strains isolated in the United States and Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Several molecular typing methods were performed to assess their ability to genetically differentiate among Salmonella Enteritidis PT 4 isolates. Results of pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), repetitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism of 16S rRNA, and antimicrobial susceptibility were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with results for other techniques, results for the RAPD typing method with the RAPD1 primer reveal that it was the most discriminatory fingerprinting technique, and it allowed us to cluster Salmonella Enteritidis PT 4 isolates on the basis of their genetic similarity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed the value of RAPD with the RAPD1 primer as a tool for epidemiologic investigations of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 4. It can be used in conjunction with PFGE and phage typing to determine the genetic relatedness of Salmonella Enteritidis isolates involved in outbreaks of disease. A reliable and highly discriminatory method for epidemiologic investigations is critical to allow investigators to identify the source of infections and consequently prevent the spread of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary PathoBiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Vanessa C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Binu T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Velayudhan
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Halvorson
authors.forename: Dale C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gast
authors.forename: Kakambi V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D017122:Bacteriophage T4 / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S