title: Timing of magnesium supplementation administered through drinking water to improve fresh and stored pork quality.
abstract: Thirty-two pigs were used to determine the timing effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation given through drinking water on pork quality. Pigs (16 barrows and 16 gilts) were individually penned, provided 2.7 kg of feed (0.12% Mg) daily (as-fed basis), and allowed free access to water via a nipple waterer for the duration of the study. After 5 d of adjustment, pigs (120 +/- 0.8 kg BW) were allotted randomly by weight and sex to 900 mg/L of supplemental Mg from magnesium sulfate heptahydrate in drinking water for -6, -4, -2, or 0 d relative to slaughter. The LM and semimembranosus (SM) muscles were removed 24 h postmortem. Retail display storage was simulated for 8 d, and the LM was vacuum-packaged for 25 or 50 d at 4 degrees C. Magnesium did not affect the pH of the LM at either 45 min (P = 0.15) or 24 h postmortem (P = 0.23). However, the pH of the SM at 24 h postmortem tended to be greater (P = 0.08) for pigs consuming Mg for 2 d than for those not supplemented. Fluid loss after 8 d of storage was less (P < 0.05) in the LM of pigs supplemented with Mg for 6 d than in those without supplementation. Furthermore, fluid loss from the SM of pigs provided supplemental Mg for 2 d, but not for 4 or 6 d, was lower (P < 0.05) on each day of retail display than the SM of unsupplemented pigs. Minolta L*, a*, and b* color measurements of the LM during display storage were not (P > 0.10) affected by Mg supplementation. However, Mg supplementation for 2 or 4 d decreased paleness (lower L* value) after 25 d (P < 0.05), but not 50 d (P > 0.10) of vacuum-packaged storage. Magnesium addition for 2 d decreased the extent of oxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances) of the LM after 4 d of display storage compared with 0 d of Mg (P < 0.05). Oxidation of the SM during 8 d of display storage increased linearly (P < 0.05) as duration of supplementation increased from 2 to 6 d but did not differ (P = 0.22) from 0 d of Mg supplementation. Although the response to Mg supplementation was variable, supplementation for 2 d before slaughter was considered most efficacious because of the following: decreased fluid loss from the SM, and lower lipid oxidation formation in the LM during retail storage; a darker, more desirable LM color after 25 d of vacuum-packaged storage; and cost reductions compared with longer durations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7621, USA.
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Heugten
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: See
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D018857:Food Packaging; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000378:metabolism; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D013997:Time Factors; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D010860:Pigments, Biological; D008274:Magnesium