title: [Interventional catheter closure of persistent foramen ovale (PFO) in a patient with paradoxical embolism and Brugada's syndrome].
abstract: METHODS
  A 41-year-man was admitted because of acute bluish-grey skin discoloration in cold sensation in the right hand. His brother had suffered sudden cardiac death, aged 42 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angiography demonstrated embolic occlusion of the digital artery of the right thumb. Transesophageal echocardiography showed a persistent foramen ovale (PFO) with an aneurysm of the atrial septum (ASA) with marked right-to-left shunt of contrast medium during a Valsalva maneuvre as well as two smaller septal fenestrations. There was no evidence of any other source of embolism. The resting electrocardiogram showed an incomplete right bundle branch block with ST elevations in V (1)-V (3), changes like those described in Brugada's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paradoxical embolism having been demonstrated, the PFO with ASA were closed with a percutaneously introduced Helex septum occluder. Later an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was introduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A PFO, particularly if associated with an atrial aneurysm, is an important site of paradoxical embolism. In symptomatic patients percutaneous transcatheter septal occlusion should be considered preceding any ICD insertion thought necessary for concurrent Brugada's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Universitätsklinikum Bonn.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrié
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Skowasch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuntz-Hehner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hammerstingl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lüderitz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bauriedel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002037:Bundle-Branch Block / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D019320:Embolism, Paradoxical / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013577:Syndrome; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver