title: An approach to identifying osteopenic women at increased short-term risk of fracture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Identification and management of women to reduce fractures is often limited to T scores less than -2.5, although many fractures occur with higher T scores. We developed a classification algorithm that identifies women with osteopenia (T scores of -2.5 to -1.0) who are at increased risk of fracture within 12 months of peripheral bone density testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 57 421 postmenopausal white women with baseline peripheral T scores of -2.5 to -1.0 and 1-year information on new fractures were included. Thirty-two risk factors for fracture were entered into a classification and regression tree analysis to build an algorithm that best predicted future fracture events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1130 women had new fractures in 1 year. Previous fracture, T score at a peripheral site of -1.8 or less, self-rated poor health status, and poor mobility were identified as the most important determinants of short-term fracture. Fifty-five percent of the women were identified as being at increased fracture risk. Women with previous fracture, regardless of T score, had a risk of 4.1%, followed by 2.2% in women with T scores of -1.8 or less or with poor health status, and 1.9% for women with poor mobility. The algorithm correctly classified 74% of the women who experienced a fracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This classification tool accurately identified postmenopausal women with peripheral T scores of -2.5 to -1.0 who are at increased risk of fracture within 12 months. It can be used in clinical practice to guide assessment and treatment decisions.
authors.affiliation: Colorado Center for Bone Research, 3190 S. Wadsworth Boulevard, Suite 250, Lakewood, CO 80227, USA.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barlas
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Brenneman
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Abbott
authors.forename: Ya-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barrett-Connor
authors.forename: Ethel S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Siris
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003720:Densitometry; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors