title: Experience with non-cycled artificial urinary sphincters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience in children and adolescents with a non-cycled artificial urinary sphincter. While some children with the AUS can void, others require clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) through the sphincter or an alternative site for catheterization; in some of the latter we have either not cycled (pumped) an activated AUS or the AUS has failed, and there is concern about ischaemia in some adults with a non-cycled AUS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 143 patients who had an AUS placed between 1980 and 2002 were reviewed retrospectively; 15 (10 boys and five girls) no longer cycled (pumped) their AUS. The mean age at AUS insertion was 11 years and the mean (range) follow-up after insertion was 10.4 (1.64-22.2) years. The diagnoses included myelomeningocele in 11, sacral agenesis in three and cloaca in one. Nine patients have an activated functioning AUS and in six the AUS does not function; in the first nine the sphincter has not routinely been cycled (pumped) for a mean (range) of 1.6 (0.6-2.9) years. In the other six with a nonfunctioning AUS the mean (range) observation period is 6.4 (1.5-10) years since the system has not functioned.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were completely continent, including the six with a nonfunctioning AUS. After inserting the AUS, two patients voided in combination with CIC (one each urethral and abdominal stoma) and 13 emptied by CIC (nine abdominal stoma, four urethral). There was a mechanical complication in eight patients; three had the AUS repaired and are dry, and five are dry with no repair. In one patient the AUS was never activated. To date there has been no erosion of the cuff in any of the 15 patients with a non-cycled AUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AUS remains an extremely reliable procedure to achieve continence in children and young adults. It is versatile and can be combined with other procedures that provide an alternative means for catheterization. While some have noted the need to routinely cycle the AUS to prevent erosion, this has not been our experience in these 15 patients.
authors.affiliation: James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: C D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rink
authors.forename: M B K
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Casale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*; D016741:Urinary Sphincter, Artificial