title: Antimicrobial activities of garenoxacin (BMS 284756) against Asia-Pacific region clinical isolates from the SENTRY program, 1999 to 2001.
abstract: Between 1999 and 2001, 16,731 isolates from the Asia-Pacific Region were tested in the SENTRY Program for susceptibility to six fluoroquinolones including garenoxacin. Garenoxacin was four- to eightfold less active against Enterobacteriaceae than ciprofloxacin, although both drugs inhibited similar percentages at 1 microg/ml. Garenoxacin was more active against gram-positive species than all other fluoroquinolones except gemifloxacin. For Staphylococcus aureus, oxacillin resistance was high in many participating countries (Japan, 67%; Taiwan, 60%; Hong Kong, 55%; Singapore, 52%), with corresponding high levels of ciprofloxacin resistance (57 to 99%) in oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (ORSA). Of the ciprofloxacin-resistant ORSA isolates, the garenoxacin MIC was >4 microg/ml for only 9% of them. For Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin nonsusceptibility and macrolide resistance were high in many countries. No relationship was seen between penicillin and garenoxacin susceptibility, with all isolates being susceptible at <2 microg/ml. There was, however, a partial correlation between ciprofloxacin and garenoxacin MICs. For ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates for which garenoxacin MICs were 0.25 to 1 microg/liter, mutations in both the ParC and GyrA regions of the quinolone resistance-determining region could be demonstrated. No mutations conferring high-level resistance were detected. Garenoxacin shows useful activity against a wide range of organisms from the Asia-Pacific region. In particular, it has good activity against S. aureus and S. pneumoniae, although there is evidence that low-level resistance is present in those organisms with ciprofloxacin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Royal Perth Hospital, Australia.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Turnidge
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D010140:Pacific Ocean; D011159:Population Surveillance; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; C419689:garenoxacin