title: Multiple resonances among time structures, chronomes, around and in US. Is an about 1.3-year periodicity in solar wind built into the human cardiovascular chronome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Velocity changes in the solar wind, recorded by satellite (IMP8 and Wind) are characterized by a solar cycle dependent approximately 1.3-year component. The presence of any approximately 1.3-year component in human blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) and in mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) is tested and its relative prominence compared to the 1.0-year variation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Around the clock manual or automatic BP and HR measurements from four subjects recorded over 5 to 35 years and a 29-year record of mortality from MI in Minnesota were analyzed by linear-nonlinear rhythmometry. Point and 95% confidence interval (CI) estimates were obtained for the approximately 1.3-year period and amplitude. The latter is compared with the 1.0-year amplitude for BP and HR records concurrent to the solar data provided by one of us (JDR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  An approximately 1.3-year component is resolved nonlinearly for MI, with a period of 1.23 (95% CI: 1.21; 1.26) year. This component was invariably validated with statistical significance for BP and HR by linear rhythmometry. Nonlinearly, the 95% CI for the 1.3-year amplitude did not overlap zero in 11 of the 12 BP and HR series. Given the usually strong synchronizing role of light and temperature, it is surprising that 5 of the 12 cardiovascular series had a numerically larger amplitude of the 1.3-year versus the precise 1.0-year component. The beating of the approximately 1.3-year and 1.0-year components was shown by gliding spectra on actual and simulated data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The shortest 5-year record (1998-2003) revealed an approximately 1.3-year component closer to the solar wind speed period characterizing the entire available record (1994-2003) than that for the concurrent 5-year span. Physiological variables may resonate with non-photic environmental cycles that may have entered the genetic code during evolution.
authors.affiliation: Halberg Chronobiology Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cornélissen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masalov
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Halberg
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Katinas
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Sothern
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Syutkina
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Wendt
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Bakken
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Romanov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002909:Chronobiology Phenomena; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D010507:Periodicity; D019445:Solar Activity; D014919:Wind