Coverage of anterior fossa in whole-brain irradiation.
OBJECTIVE
Whole-brain irradiation is indispensable in the treatment of several brain tumors and requires coverage of the entire subarachnoid space. Retrospective studies have revealed frequent recurrences in the frontobasal fossa above the cribriform plate (CP). We sought to determine how accurately the latter could actually be identified on lateral radiographs such as those used for radiotherapy planning.


METHODS
The CP was localized by five radiation oncologists and five radiologists on lateral radiographs of 30 human skulls from an anatomic collection. Reference radiographs were acquired under identical conditions except for lead markers pointing to the CP and the ethmoid cells. The targeting accuracy was analyzed.


RESULTS
In 39% (n = 116), the location of the CP was correctly estimated within 2 mm. Mislocations of 2-5, 5-10, and >10 mm were noted in 34% (n = 102), 20% (n = 61), and 7% (n = 21), respectively. Neither specialty nor experience (years of training) exerted a significant influence on targeting accuracy. If the roofs of the ethmoid cells formed prominent bony edges, they were mistaken for the CP in 37%.


CONCLUSIONS
Lateral radiographs provide insufficient information to locate the CP accurately in whole brain irradiation. Additionally, localization was significantly impaired by prominent ethmoid cells.
Gripp
Stephan
S
Department of Radiation Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany. gripp@uni-duesseldorf.de
Kambergs
Jörg
J
Wittkamp
Martin
M
Gerlach
Bärbel
B
Saleh
Andreas
A
Engelbrecht
Volkher
V
Cohnen
Mathias
M
Scherer
Axel
A
Willers
Reinhardt
R
D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005004:Ethmoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000592:standards; D011859:Radiography; D011871:Radiology / Q000592:standards