title: Green fluorescent protein expression and visualization of mediastinal lymph node metastasis of human lung cancer cell line using orthotopic implantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Suppression of lymphatic metastasis improves survival in lung cancer patients. We have reported a patient-like model of lung cancer metastasis based on orthotopic implantation in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and demonstrated the lymphogenous spread histologically using human NSCLC cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  To visualize micrometastases, we transfected the Aequorea Victoria jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene to the cancer cell line.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumor cell lines were able to stably express GFP at high levels both in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescent tumors and metastasis of the mediastinum could be visualized at microscopic levels after transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model demonstrated that GFP gene-transfected tumor cells represent a new tool for evaluating the metastatic process and are very useful for developing chemotherapy to inhibit metastasis.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Oncological and Regenerative Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima city, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikura
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Monden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015870:Gene Expression; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins