title: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis of fluoroquinolones against Bacillus anthracis.
abstract: Based on the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) parameters of ciprofloxacin in rhesus monkeys, the efficacies of levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, norfloxacin, and tosufloxacin against anthrax in humans were examined. The optimal PK-PD parameter for the prophylaxis or treatment of infection with Bacillus anthracis is not clearly defined. To evaluate the efficacy of fluoroquinolones against anthrax, PK-PD parameters and the protein-binding effect of fluoroquinolones are used. B. anthracis is very susceptible to fluoroquinolones in vitro, and levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and tosufloxacin may be as effective against anthrax as ciprofloxacin by PK-PD analysis. However, additional studies of the in vivo model are necessary to define more clearly efficacy against anthrax and the pharmacodynamic relationship of fluoroquinolones.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Evaluation Center, National Institute of Health Sciences, Toranomon 33 Mori Building, 10F, 3-8-21 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8409, Japan. kihira@nihs.go.jp
authors.forename: Tetsunari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kihira
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
mesh_terms: D000881:Anthrax / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000187:drug effects*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones