title: The exstrophy-epispadias complex: is aesthetic appearance important?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show the relevance of cosmetic appearance in the adequate treatment of patients with exstrophy-epispadias complex (EEC), and to indicate that surgery by experienced teams can improve the long-term treatment forecast and the patient's body image.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1978 to 2002, 71 patients diagnosed with EEC were treated in the authors' institution; 24 (aged 2-23 years) were selected to undergo different surgical procedures. The criterion for surgery considered interviews conducted by the psychology team with the parents and children. The plastic surgery and paediatric urology teams carried out the procedures jointly; the follow-up was 0.33-7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five female patients and six male had abdominoplasty to treat multiple scars; eight had intermittent catheterization conduits repositioned from the right iliac fossa to the umbilicus. Six female patients had plastic surgery of the external genitalia and three had a broad mobilization of the urogenital sinus. Thirteen male patients had a small penis and had the corpora cavernosa fully mobilized and the penis reconstructed. Five female patients and one male had anterior osteotomy. One patient with no left testis had it replaced and one patient with uterine prolapse had the uterus fixed to the posterior abdominal wall. Six patients had a second procedure, in two because the outcome of the initial operation was poor and in the others to complement the initial treatment. In all but one patient there was an improvement in the objective criteria, e.g. school absences, difficulty in establishing long-lasting social relationships and refusal to participate in sports activities. However, none of the patients would attempt sexual intercourse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Body image, self-esteem, sexuality, sexual function and fertility are deemed crucial by adolescents; in patients with EEC customised surgical procedures can give a satisfactory aesthetic outcome, and be a further reason for adequately following occasional urinary complications and renal function, to avoid loss to follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Freitas Filho
authors.forename: D M S
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaccari
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carnevale
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D001828:Body Image; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004842:Epispadias / Q000601:surgery*; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005835:Genitalia / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014546:Urinary Catheterization