title: Rates of population increase, abundance, and life stage distribution of Rhynchites cribripennis (Coleoptera: Attelabidae) on trees and in the soil in an olive grove.
abstract: The seasonal population abundance of Rhynchites cribripennis (Desbrochers) adults on olive trees was studied by collecting samples from an olive grove on the island of Zakynthos, Greece, from April 1994 to the end of July 1995. Moreover, the population abundance of larvae, pupae, and adults of R. cribripennis was recorded in soil samples from two soil depths (0-4 and 4-8 cm) from October 1994 to October 1995. Results showed that adult populations increased considerably on trees during May and June and peaked on 16 June (19.9 adults per twig) and 8 July (7.7 adults per twig) in 1994 and 1995, respectively. In 1994, no significant differences were found in the number of adults sampled from the different tree quadrants (northwest [NW], northeast [NE], southwest [SW], and southeast [SE]). However, in 1995, adult numbers in the NW quadrant of trees were significantly higher than those in the SE or SW quadrants. In soil samples, larvae were recorded throughout the sampling period with the highest numbers occurring in December, 2.4 larvae per soil sample, whereas pupae were found in lowest numbers in October and November. Adults were present in the soil samples from December to May, but the highest numbers were recorded in December, with a peak of one adult per sample. The number of adults was significantly higher, and that of larvae numerically higher, in the upper compared with lower soil layer, whereas pupae were found with similar numbers in both soil layers. Results of these studies suggest that this weevil exhibits a prolonged larval diapause and a 2-yr life cycle. The ecological implications of this behavior are discussed. Moreover, a prediction of the highest adult population on trees was estimated by taking into account the rate of increase of adult numbers in the early period of adult occurrence on trees.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lykouressis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapsaskis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Perdikis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vatos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fantinou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D031658:Olea; D011156:Population Density; D011679:Pupa / Q000254:growth & development; D012621:Seasons; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D012987:Soil