title: Household crowding index: a correlate of socioeconomic status and inter-pregnancy spacing in an urban setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper examines the effect of household crowding on inter-pregnancy spacing and its association with socioeconomic indicators, among parous mothers delivered in an urban environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sociodemographic data were obtained on 2466 parous women delivering at eight hospitals in Greater Beirut over a one year period. Statistical methodology comprised Pearson chi(2) test and logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant inverse relation was observed between household crowding and socioeconomic status, defined as education and occupation of women and their spouses. Inter-pregnancy spacing increased with higher levels of crowding. Further analysis suggested that this positive association was confounded by maternal demographic characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data have shown that household crowding, a correlate of low parental socioeconomic status, is associated with longer birth intervals. This association, however, seems to be largely explained by maternal age and parity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Melki
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Beydoun
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khogali
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tamim
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Yunis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001721:Birth Intervals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003441:Crowding; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009519:New York City; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014504:Urban Health