title: Toxic effects of cypermethrin and alphamethrin on reproduction and oxidative metabolism of the freshwater snail, Lymnaea acuminata.
abstract: Effects of sublethal exposure to cypermethrin and alphamethrin on the reproductive physiology and oxidative metabolism of the freshwater snail, Lymnaea acuminata, were studied. Sublethal exposure to both pyrethroids caused increases in the numbers of egg masses and eggs at all concentrations, but the survival rate of the snails was significantly reduced 28 days after of hatching. Both pyrethroids altered the oxidative metabolism in hepatopancreas and ovotestis tissues of the snails. Stress conditions result in less availability of oxygen and in turn less ATP production in tissues, adversely affecting oxidative metabolism and reproduction in L. acuminata.
authors.affiliation: Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273 009, Uttar Pradesh, India.
authors.forename: Pankaj Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: Ajay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005618:Fresh Water; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D007306:Insecticides; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C017160:cypermethrin