title: Biochemical indices of vascular function, glucose metabolism and oxidative stress in horses with equine Cushing's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanisms underlying the increased risk of laminitis in horses with equine Cushing's disease (ECD) are poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  That abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, similar to those which cause microvascular dysfunction in human diabetics, contribute to development of laminitis in horses with ECD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one aged horses were divided into 3 groups based on clinical signs and dexamethasone suppression testing (DST). Group 1 (n = 12) had clinical ECD as evidenced by hirsutism. Group 2 (n = 10) had a positive DST but no hirsutism. Group 3 (n = 9) were controls without ECD, with a negative DST and no clinical evidence of ECD. Biochemical indices of glucose metabolism, vascular function and oxidative stress were determined in single morning blood samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 had abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, including increased levels of glucose and insulin, compared to Groups 2 and 3. Groups 1 and 2 had significantly lower plasma thiol (PSH) levels and nonsignificantly lower albumin-corrected PSH levels than Group 3, consistent with oxidative stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed abnormalities in glucose metabolism and oxidative stress could potentially contribute to development of laminitis in horses with ECD, by similar mechanisms to those that cause microvascular dysfunction in human diabetics. The absence of inter-group differences in the biochemical indices of vascular function precludes their use as preclinical diagnostic indicators of vascular dysfunction. The study also highlighted limitations in the premortem diagnosis of ECD.
authors.affiliation: Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Keen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: McGorum
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006736:Horses; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D019270:Fructosamine; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone