title: Multiple human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef functions contribute to efficient replication in primary human macrophages.
abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein has been shown to accelerate viral growth kinetics in primary human T-lymphocytes and macrophages; however, the specific function(s) of Nef responsible for this phenotype in macrophages is unknown. To address this issue, mutants of a molecularly cloned macrophage-tropic isolate, HIV-1(SF162), were generated expressing single point mutations that abrogate the ability of Nef to interact with cellular kinases or mediate CD4 down-regulation. Infection of primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) with these mutant viruses revealed that residues in the PXXP motif contribute to efficient replication. Interestingly, viruses expressing alleles of Nef defective in CD4 down-modulation activity retain wild-type levels of infectivity in single-round assays but exhibited delayed replication kinetics and grew to lower titres compared to the wild-type virus in MDM. These data suggest that efficient HIV-1 replication is dependent on the ability of Nef to interact with cellular kinases and remove CD4 from the surface of infected macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.affiliation: Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Shaghayegh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moghaddam
authors.affiliation: Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.affiliation: Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, 455 First Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheng-Mayer
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D002460:Cell Line; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology*; D014779:Virus Replication; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus