title: Angiotensin II increases Pax-2 expression in fetal kidney cells via the AT2 receptor.
abstract: Although both the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and the paired homeobox 2 gene (Pax-2) seem critically important in renal organogenesis, whether and how they might interact has not been addressed. The present study asked whether a link between the RAS and Pax-2 exists in fetal renal cells, speculating that such an interaction, if present, might influence renal development. Embryonic kidney explants and embryonic renal cells (mouse late embryonic mesenchymal epithelial cells [MK4] and mouse early embryonic mesenchymal fibroblasts [MK3]) were used. Pax-2 protein and Pax-2 mRNA were detected by immunofluorescence, Western blot, reverse transcription-PCR, and real-time PCR. Angiotensin II (AngII) upregulated Pax-2 protein and Pax-2 mRNA expression via the AngII type 2 (AT(2)) receptor in MK4 but not in MK3 cells. The stimulatory effect of AngII on Pax-2 gene expression could be blocked by PD123319 (AT(2) inhibitor), AG 490 (a specific Janus kinase 2 inhibitor), and genistein (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) but not by losartan (AT(1) inhibitor), SB203580 (specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor), PD98059 (specific MEK inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Moreover, embryonic kidney explants in culture confirmed that AngII upregulates Pax-2 gene expression via the AT(2) receptor. These studies demonstrate that the stimulatory effect of AngII on Pax-2 gene expression is mediated, at least in part, via the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling transduction pathway, suggesting that RAS and Pax-2 interactions may be important in renal development.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Boston, MA 02114-3117, USA.
authors.forename: Shao-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moini
authors.forename: Julie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ingelfinger
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology*; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009861:Onium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D009861:Onium Compounds; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; C497319:Pax2 protein, mouse; D011725:Pyridines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020032:Tyrphostins; C095512:alpha-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-benzylcinnamide; D000804:Angiotensin II; C073402:PD 123319; C432165:pyrazolanthrone; C007517:diphenyleneiodonium; D019833:Genistein; D019808:Losartan; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one