title: The medical management of chronic pain.
abstract: Pain is defined by the International Association for Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage." This article reviews the medical management of chronic pain.
authors.affiliation: Pain Management Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, C25, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Monfared
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sferra
authors.forename: Nagy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mekhail
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D002491:Central Nervous System Agents; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D009294:Narcotics