title: Comparison of a sprayable pheromone formulation and two hand-applied pheromone dispensers foruse in the integrated control of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
abstract: The efficacy of integrated programs using a sprayable pheromone formulation or one of two hand-applied pheromone dispensers, and a conventional oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) control program, was compared using 4-5-ha blocks of peach orchard at three Niagara Peninsula farms during 2000-2002. In the integrated programs, chlorpyrifos and mating disruption with 3M Sprayable Pheromone, Isomate OFM Rosso, or Rak 5 hand-applied dispensers were used to control first-generation larvae, and mating disruption alone was used to control second- and third-generation larvae. In the conventional program, chlorpyrifos was used to control first-generation larvae, and pyrethroid insecticides were used to control larvae of the later generations. All programs were effective at maintaining fruit infestation by G. molesta below the industry tolerance level of 1%. An integrated program using sprayable pheromone required the use of more supplementary insecticide applications to control second- and third-generation larvae than a program using hand-applied dispensers. The elimination of insecticide sprays from integrated program blocks did not result in an increase in damage by plant bugs, Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) or by the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).
authors.affiliation: Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 6000, Vineland Station, Ontario L0R 2E0, Canada.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Trimble
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pree
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Barszcz
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007814:Larva; D009036:Moths; D010675:Pheromones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D027861:Prunus; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010675:Pheromones; D011722:Pyrethrins; C017160:cypermethrin; D004390:Chlorpyrifos