title: Progressive nature of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Observations from a 14-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial fibrillation (AF) is believed to occur first as paroxysmal, then be gradually perpetuated, and finally become chronic as the end result. However, this presumed clinical course has not been well confirmed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical course of recurrent paroxysmal AF (PAF) from its onset was examined in 171 patients (mean follow-up period: 14.1+/-8.1 years). This study population consisted of patients with no structural heart disease (n=88), ischemic heart disease (n=28), dilated or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=17), valvular heart disease (n=35) or other cardiac diseases. The mean age at the onset of AF was 58.3 +/-11.8 years old. During the mean follow-up period of 14.1 years, PAF eventually developed into its chronic form in 132 patients under conventional antiarrhythmic therapy (77.2%, 5.5% of patients per year). The independent factors for early development into chronic AF were aging (hazard ratio (HR) 1.27 per 10 years, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.47)), dilated left atrium (HR 1.39 per 10 mm, 95% CI 1.11-1.69), myocardial infarction (HR 2.33, 95% CI 1.13-4.81), and valvular diseases (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.22-4.30).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present long-term observations definitely and quantitatively revealed the progressive nature of PAF.
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo, Japan. takeshikato@mac.com
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sagara
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iinuma
authors.forename: Long-Tai
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Fu
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003625:Data Collection; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000473:pathology; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013614:Tachycardia, Paroxysmal
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents