title: Induction of cellular immune response and anti-Salmonella enterica serovar typhi bactericidal antibodies in healthy volunteers by immunization with a vaccine candidate against typhoid fever.
abstract: Typhoid fever remains a serious public health problem. We have developed a vaccine from Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S. typhi) outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) known as porins. A single subcutaneous dose of 10 microg of porins induced a five-fold (P = 0.05) seroconversion index consisting of IgM and IgG at 7 and 15 days after vaccination as well as the production of IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes. The porins-based vaccine induced a two-fold increase (P = 0.05) in bactericidal titres in volunteers, whom also developed a T-cell response characterized by the production of interferon-gamma (INF-gamma). Side effects after vaccination were mild and transient. The data showed that our S. typhi porins-based candidate vaccine is safe and immunogenic in healthy humans.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, 1er piso Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico National Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), P.O. Box A-047, C.P. 06703 México DF, México.
authors.forename: Rosa María
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Salazar-González
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maldonado-Bernal
authors.forename: Nora Elena
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Cruz
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rios-Sarabia
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beltrán-Nava
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castañón-González
authors.forename: Noemí
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Castillo-Torres
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Palma-Aguirre
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrera-Camargo
authors.forename: Constantino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: López-Macías
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isibasi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology*; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D001770:Blood Bactericidal Activity / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018272:Porins / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D018272:Porins; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma