title: Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population; a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence and prevalence of shoulder complaints in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Medline, Embase, and Cinahl were searched for relevant studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen studies on prevalence and one study on incidence met the inclusion criteria. Incidence figures of 0.9-2.5% were found for different age groups. Prevalence figures differed from 6.9 to 26% for point prevalence, 18.6-31%, for 1-month prevalence, 4.7-46.7% for 1-year prevalence and 6.7-66.7% for lifetime prevalence. Prevalence rates decreased when the case definition was restricted, in terms of duration of pain or the presence of limited movements, and increased when the location for pain was enlarged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reported prevalence figures on shoulder complaints diverged strongly. Health professionals and policymakers who estimate the amount of medical care needed and related costs should be aware of the variations in prevalence rate and the underlying reasons for these differences.
authors.affiliation: The Netherlands Expert Centre for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, The Netherlands. j.luime@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Luime
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Koes
authors.forename: I J M
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Hendriksen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burdorf
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Miedema
authors.forename: J A N
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Verhaar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020069:Shoulder Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*