title: Angiotensin II type 2 receptor effect on microvascular hydraulic permeability.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoconstrictor that modulates microvascular permeability. Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors have been described with subsequent development of their respective antagonists. We hypothesized that the AT2 receptor modulates microvascular permeability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydraulic permeability (L(p)) was measured in rat mesenteric venules using the Landis micro-occlusion technique. Following baseline L(p) measurements, paired measures of microvessel L(p) were obtained after perfusion with a test solution. The test solutions consisted of the AT2 receptor agonist CGP42112A at 10 microm (n = 6), 100 microm (n = 6), and 200 microm (n = 6), as well as the AT2 receptor antagonist PD-123319 at 3 microm (n = 6), 30 microm (n = 6), 300 microm (n = 6), and 600 microm (n = 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From mean baseline L(p) of 0.99 +/- 0.03, 100 microm CGP42112A decreased L(p) to 0.76 +/- 0.02 (P = 0.005), and 200 microm CGP42112A decreased L(p) to 0.61 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.001). From mean baseline L(p) of 0.90 +/- 0.05, PD-123319 increased L(p) at 30 microm to 1.60 +/- 0.2 (P = 0.003), at 300 microm to 2.28 +/- 0.3 (P = 0.008), and at 600 microm to 4.30 +/- 0.9 (P = 0.03). Units for L(p) are mean +/- SEM x 10(-7) cm s(-1) cmH(2)O(-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AT2 activation decreased L(p), while AT2 blockade increased L(p). These changes in L(p) may be explained by (1). a permeability-decreasing effect of the AT2 receptor that is induced by AT2 activation and inhibited by AT2 blockade; and/or (2). a permeability-increasing effect of the AT1 receptor observed during AT2 blockade and selective AT1 activation by endogenous locally released Ang II. These mechanisms would support the theories that the AT1 receptor increases microvascular permeability, while the AT2 receptor decreases microvascular permeability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, UCSF-East Bay, Alameda County Medical Center, Oakland, California 94602, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Victorino
mesh_terms: D057912:Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers; D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D008643:Mesentery / Q000098:blood supply; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000502:physiology*; D014699:Venules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D057912:Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2