title: Modafinil improves alertness, vigilance, and executive function during simulated night shifts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of 200 mg of modafinil compared to placebo on alertness, neurobehavioral performance, and executive function during 4 consecutive simulated night shifts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, randomized, parallel groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sleep research facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 male and female volunteers between the ages of 18 and 55 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  200 mg of modafinil or placebo given nightly on the 4 consecutive simulated night shifts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment conditions, following medical, psychiatric, and polysomnographic screening. On 4 consecutive nights, subjects took study drug at 2200, and then from about 2300 to 0730 participated in a simulated night shift that included the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, Psychomotor Vigilance Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, measures of subjective alertness, and multiple executive-function measures. At 0800, daytime sleep periods were recorded polysomnographically for 6 to 8 hours. Alertness--as measured by the MWT, vigilance and reaction time as indexed by Psychomotor Vigilance Test lapses, and slowest 10% of reaction times--and 3 executive-function tasks showed significant enhancement with modafinil versus placebo. Subjective sleepiness at night and some performance measures did not show consistent treatment differences. Daytime sleep showed minimal differences between conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The physiologic sleepiness and neurobehavioral deficits that occurred during the hours of a typical night shift were clearly attenuated by modafinil. Modafinil also had beneficial effects on some measures of executive function.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Medicine and Research Center, affiliated with St. John's Mercy Medical Center and St. Luke's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA. walsjk@stlo.smhs.com
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Angela C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Randazzo
authors.forename: Kara L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Paula K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077408:Modafinil; D017286:Polysomnography; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000077408:Modafinil