title: Effect of harmonic imaging on the measurement of ultrasonic integrated backscatter and its interpretation in patients following myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, we have demonstrated that cyclic variation in ultrasonic integrated backscatter (IBS) can be used to predict patency of the infarct related artery (IRA) post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Second harmonic imaging has become widely available on ultrasound machines and enhances endocardial definition. The effect of harmonic imaging on the measurement and interpretation of cyclic IBS is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients were studied post-AMI. Cyclic IBS was measured in myocardial segments supplied by the IRA as well as in remote segments with normal myocardial function in both fundamental and second harmonic modes. Harmonic imaging increased the measurement of cyclic IBS in IRA as well as normal myocardial territories. However, the difference in cyclic IBS between IRA and normal myocardial territories remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second harmonic imaging increases the measurement of cyclic IBS. However, the interpretation of these data is unchanged in the setting of AMI. It is important that repeated studies in the same patient are performed in the same mode (fundamental or harmonic) as the values are not interchangeable.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, King's College Hospital, London, UK. janehancock@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Monaghan
mesh_terms: D017130:Angioplasty; D016880:Anisotropy; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy