title: Comparison of transfection agents in forming complexes with ferumoxides, cell labeling efficiency, and cellular viability.
abstract: By complexing ferumoxides or superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) to transfection agents (TAs), it is possible to magnetically label mammalian cells. There has been no systematic study comparing TAs complexed to SPIO as far as cell labeling efficiency and viability. This study investigates the toxicity and labeling efficiency at various doses of FEs complexed to different TAs in mammalian cells. Different classes of TAs were used, such as polycationic amines, dendrimers, and lipid-based agents. Cellular toxicity was measured using doses of TAs from 1 to 50 microg/mL in incubation media. Iron incorporation efficiency was measured by combining various amounts of FEs and different doses of TAs. Lipofectamine2000 showed toxicity at lowest dose (1 microg/mL), whereas FuGENE6 and low molecular weight poly-L-lysine (PLL) showed the least toxicity. SPIO labeling efficiency was similar with high-molecular-weight PLL (388.1 kDa) and superfect, whereas FuGENE6 and low-molecular-weight PLL were inefficient in labeling cells. Concentrations of 25 to 50 microg/mL of FEs complexed to TAs in media resulted in sufficient endocytosis of the SPIO into endosomes to detect cells on cellular magnetic resonance imaging.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Diagnostic Radiology Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. saali@cc.nih.gov
authors.forename: Ali Syed
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arbab
authors.forename: Gene Thomus
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Yocum
authors.forename: Lindsey Bashaw
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Ashari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parwana
authors.forename: Elaine Kay
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalish
authors.forename: Joseph Alan
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003911:Dextrans; D004705:Endocytosis; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D008055:Lipids; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010087:Oxides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D010316:Particle Size; D011073:Polyamines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D011107:Polylysine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007501:Iron; D008055:Lipids; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; D011073:Polyamines; D000071228:Polyelectrolytes; D011107:Polylysine; C086724:Lipofectamine; C065507:ferumoxides