title: The promise of thalidomide: evolving indications.
abstract: Thalidomide was first used in the late 1950s but it was withdrawn from the market in the 1960s for its notorious teratogenic effects. This drug was more recently rediscovered as a powerful immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory agent and was approved by the FDA in 1998 for treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum. Thalidomide has shown great promise in advanced or refractory multiple myeloma either alone or in combination with other agents. It has also demonstrated benefits in a wide variety of disparate conditions such as aphthous and genital ulcers, cancer cachexia, HIV, tuberculosis and chronic graft versus host disease. Thalidomide is being investigated for treatment of renal cell carcinoma, and liver and thyroid cancers. Better understanding of its many mechanisms of action has provoked great interest in its potential use for treatment of various disorders. This review focuses on thalidomide's mechanisms of action, biochemistry, pharmacokinetics and its use in erythema nodosum leprosum as well as multiple myeloma, graft versus host disease, and renal cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joglekar
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levin
mesh_terms: D002100:Cachexia / Q000188:drug therapy; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004893:Erythema Nodosum / Q000188:drug therapy; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D015440:Leprosy, Lepromatous / Q000188:drug therapy; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000188:drug therapy; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014456:Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013792:Thalidomide