title: Histopathological validation of the sentinel node concept in cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sentinel node (SN) is defined as the first node in the lymphatic system that drains a tumor site. If the SN is not metastatic, then all other nodes should also be disease-free. We used serial sections and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining to examine both sentinel and non-sentinel nodes (non-SNs).
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 2001 to March 2003, 18 patients (median age, 48 years) with cervical cancer (stage IA2, one patient; stage IB1, nine patients; stage IB2, three patients; stage IIA, three patients; and stage IIB, two patients) underwent a laparoscopic SN procedure based on a combined detection method, followed by complete laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy. If the SN was free of metastasis by both hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and IHC staining, all non-SNs were also examined by the combined staining method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean of 2.4 SNs (range 1-5) and 8 non-SNs (range 4-14) were excised per patient. Eight SNs (18.2%) from five patients (27.8%) were found to be metastatic at the final histological assessment, including two macrometastatic SNs, three micrometastatic SNs and isolated tumor cells in three SNs. In 13 patients, no metastatic SN involvement was detected by H&E and IHC staining. In these 13 patients, 106 non-SNs were examined by serial sectioning and IHC, and none was found to be metastatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SN procedure appears to reliably predict the metastatic status of the regional lymphatic basin in patients with cervical cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France. emmanuel.baranger@tnn.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barranger
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cortez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Commo
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Marpeau
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uzan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Darai
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Callard
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery