Fluidized granular medium as an instance of the fluctuation theorem.
We study the statistics of the power flux into a collection of inelastic beads maintained in a fluidized steady state by external mechanical driving. The power shows large fluctuations, including frequent large negative fluctuations, about its average value. The relative probabilities of positive and negative fluctuations in the power flux are in close accord with the fluctuation theorem of Gallavotti and Cohen, even at time scales shorter than those required by the theorem. We also compare an effective temperature that emerges from this analysis to the kinetic granular temperature.
Feitosa
Klebert
K
Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-3720, USA. kfeitosa@physics.umass.edu
Menon
Narayanan
N