title: Sub-compartmentalization of the gastrointestinal (GI) immune system determined with microbeads that differ in release properties.
abstract: Immunization of two specific regions of the murine GI tract of two types of mice with ovalbumin (OVA) encapsulated in microbeads with two different pH-sensitive coatings allowed a more precise analysis of this compartment of the mucosal immune system. Acute, chronic and pervasive immunization protocols were utilized in an attempt to stimulate specific types of immunity. Chronic immunization potentiated antibody isotypes influenced by type 2 T helper cells (T(h)2). Pervasive immunization of both regions of the GI tract mimicked chronic immunization, stimulating high levels of OVA-reactive IgE. Acute immunization was best able to potentiate isotypes influenced by type 1 T helper cells (T(h)1) and a sequential segregated immunization protocol allowed the targeting of T(h)1-like memory responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. richardivancronkhite@dialup4less.com
authors.forename: Richard Ivan
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Cronkhite
authors.forename: J Gabriel
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Michael
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D004386:Duodenum / Q000276:immunology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000276:immunology*; D007082:Ileum / Q000276:immunology; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000276:immunology; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008863:Microspheres; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C038300:methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010047:Ovalbumin