title: Effect of sevoflurane on hemodynamic and cardiac energetic parameters in ferrets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of sevoflurane on cardiac energetic and hemodynamic parameters in ferrets.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 healthy domesticated ferrets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sevoflurane was used as the sole anesthetic agent for general anesthesia in ferrets. Standard midline laparotomy and median sternotomy were performed to permit instrumentation. Myocardial blood flow was determined by use of colored microsphere technology. Measurements and blood samples were obtained at 1.25%, 2.5%, and 3.75% expired concentration of sevoflurane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A dose-dependent decrease in arterial blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, systemic vascular resistance, aortic flow, and dp/dt (an index of contractility) was detected as expired concentration of sevoflurane increased. Heart rate, central venous pressure, coronary vascular resistance, myocardial oxygen extraction ratio, and tau (the time constant of relaxation) were unchanged. Cardiac external work decreased, as did myocardial oxygen consumption, causing increased cardiac efficiency at higher concentrations of sevoflurane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sevoflurane caused minimal and predictable cardiovascular effects in ferrets without increasing myocardial metabolic demands. Data obtained from this study have not been previously reported for a species that is being commonly used in cardiovascular research. These findings also support use of sevoflurane as a safe inhalant anesthetic in ferrets for clinical and research settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1620, USA.
authors.forename: Catriona M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: MacPhail
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monnet
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005289:Ferrets / Q000502:physiology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008863:Microspheres; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D010100:Oxygen