Kv1.3-blocking 5-phenylalkoxypsoralens: a new class of immunomodulators.
The lymphocyte potassium channel Kv1.3 is widely regarded as a promising new target for immunosuppression. To identify a potent small-molecule Kv1.3 blocker, we synthesized a series of 5-phenylalkoxypsoralens and tested them by whole-cell patch clamp. The most potent compound of this series, 5-(4-phenylbutoxy)psoralen (Psora-4), blocked Kv1.3 in a use-dependent manner, with a Hill coefficient of 2 and an EC50 value of 3 nM, by preferentially binding to the C-type inactivated state of the channel. Psora-4 is the most potent small-molecule Kv1.3 blocker known. It exhibited 17- to 70-fold selectivity for Kv1.3 over closely related Kv1-family channels (Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.4, and Kv1.7) with the exception of Kv1.5 (EC50, 7.7 nM) and showed no effect on human ether-a-go-go-related channel, Kv3.1, the calcium-activated K+ channels (IKCa1, SK1-SK3, and BKCa), or the neuronal NaV1.2 channel. In a test of in vivo toxicity in rats, Psora-4 did not display any signs of acute toxicity after five daily subcutaneous injections at 33 mg/kg body weight. Psora-4 selectively suppressed the proliferation of human and rat myelin-specific effector memory T cells with EC50 values of 25 and 60 nM, respectively, without persistently suppressing peripheral blood naive and central memory T cells. Because autoantigen-specific effector memory T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Psora-4 and other Kv1.3 blockers may be useful as immunomodulators for the therapy of autoimmune disorders.
Vennekamp
Julia
J
Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Kiel, Germany.
Wulff
Heike
H
Beeton
Christine
C
Calabresi
Peter A
PA
Grissmer
Stephan
S
Hänsel
Wolfram
W
Chandy
K George
KG
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051664:Kv1.3 Potassium Channel; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D011564:Furocoumarins; C496973:KCNA3 protein, human; C496975:Kcna3 protein, rat; D051664:Kv1.3 Potassium Channel; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated