Inflammatory mediators and growth factors in obstructive renal injury.
Obstruction of the upper urinary tract poses a significant clinical challenge to the urologist, and the cascade of renal cellular and molecular events triggered by upper urinary tract obstruction result in a progressive, and eventually permanent, loss in renal function. These pathological changes include the development of renal fibrosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation, and apoptotic renal cell death. A myriad of cytokines and growth factors have been identified as major contributors to obstruction-induced renal fibrosis and apoptotic cell death, including transforming growth factor-beta1, angiotensin II, nuclear factor-kappaB, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. This review examines the role of these mediators in obstruction-induced renal injury.
Misseri
Rosalia
R
Department of Urology and Department of Surgery, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
Rink
Richard C
RC
Meldrum
Daniel R
DR
Meldrum
Kirstan K
KK
D000818:Animals; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000502:physiology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*
D006133:Growth Substances; D018836:Inflammation Mediators