title: Effects of continuous combined conjugated estrogen/medroxyprogesterone acetate and 17beta-estadiol/norethisterone acetate on lipids and lipoproteins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various estrogen/progestogen combinations used in hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) have been reported to influence lipid and lipoprotein fractions differently. This motivated a comparative study where the two continuous combined regimens most commonly used in Sweden during the 1990s have been studied regarding effects on lipid profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 1-year prospective, double-blind study, 62 post-menopausal women were randomized to conjugated estrogen (CE), 0.625 mg, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 5 mg, or 17beta-estradiol (E2), 2 mg, and norethisterone acetate (NETA), 1 mg. Serum concentrations of lipids and lipoproteins were measured at baseline and after 1 year of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both treatment groups significantly lowered the lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels. The CE/MPA group showed no significant changes in total cholesterol (TC), high-density (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), but a significant increase of triglyceride (TG) levels. The E2/NETA group developed a significant lowering of total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL, but no significant changes of TG levels. The magnitude of change in serum concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL and TG differed significantly between the two treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuous combined treatment with CE/MPA and E2/NETA equally lowered Lp(a), an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease in women. Apart from this, the two treatments produced different effects on lipids and lipoproteins, findings that are more delicate to interpret.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Science, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, S-901 85, Sweden.
authors.forename: Inga-Stina
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Odmark
authors.forename: Torbjörn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bäckström
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haeger
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bixo
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D014280:Triglycerides; D004958:Estradiol; D002784:Cholesterol; D000077563:Norethindrone Acetate; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; D009640:Norethindrone