Anthropometry of women of childbearing age in Morocco: body composition and prevalence of overweight and obesity.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the prevalence of obesity and body fat distribution of Moroccan women of childbearing age, using a panel of anthropometric measurements.


METHODS
A cross-sectional survey conducted in 1995 in an agricultural community, El Jadida province of Morocco. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and triceps, biceps, subscapular and supra-iliac skinfold thicknesses were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), sum of all and sum of trunk skinfold thicknesses were determined.


METHODS
In total, 1269 women aged 15-49 years from urban and rural areas were surveyed.


RESULTS
The means of all anthropometric measurements including body fat were higher in urban than in rural women and increased with age. Trunk fat contributed 50% of total fat. Globally, 4.7% of women were underweight (BMI<18.5 kg m(-2)), 35.2% were overweight or obese (BMI> or =25 kg m(-2)), 10.1% were obese (BMI> or =30 kg m(-2)) and 16.8% had central obesity (WHR>0.85). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in the urban than in the rural area. Underweight prevalence decreased with age, whereas that of overweight and obesity increased. All anthropometric parameters adjusted for age increased with the increase of BMI and WHR.


CONCLUSIONS
Although undernutrition is still prevalent, there is an alarming prevalence of overweight and obesity in Moroccan women of childbearing age. The results indicate a shift in this country from the problem of dietary deficiency to the problem of dietary excess, and alert one to the necessity of establishing an intervention to prevent obesity-related diseases. It is necessary to address which of the anthropometric variables studied here is the best predictor of obesity-related diseases in this population.
Belahsen
Rekia
R
Laboratory of Physiology Applied to Nutrition and Feeding, Training and Research Unit on Food Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, School of Sciences, BP 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco. rbelahsen@yahoo.com
Mziwira
Mohamed
M
Fertat
Fatima
F
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009018:Morocco / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016387:Women's Health