Structure and function of beta3-adrenergic receptors.
Beta-adrenergic receptors have been subdivided into three types: beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptors. beta1-adrenergic receptors are predominant in the heart, beta2-adrenergic receptors--in the respiratory system, and beta3-adrenergic receptors--in the adipose tissues. However, since 1989, when beta3-adrenergic receptor was cloned, numerous biochemical and functional studies have confirmed its presence in various species and tissues, including the heart. Unlike beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors, it has been shown that beta3-adrenergic receptors possess the cardiodepressant effects in human ventricles, what did not fit to its stimulatory properties of adenylyl cyclase in other tissues. In this regard, the role of beta3-adrenergic receptors in the regulation of cardiac function may be of great importance in pathological conditions and remains undetermined, so far. In this review brief characterization of beta3-adrenergic receptors, concerning their structure, function and possible pathophysiological role is provided.
Skeberdis
Vytenis Arvydas
VA
Institute of Cardiology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Lithuania. arske@kmu.lt
D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D058672:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists; D058673:Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Antagonists; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016275:Atrial Function / Q000502:physiology; D016466:CHO Cells; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002417:Cattle; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D000882:Haplorhini; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D016276:Ventricular Function
D058672:Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Antagonists; D058673:Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Antagonists; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D008024:Ligands; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases