title: The international classification of functioning, disability and health and its application to cognitive disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes the conceptual foundation and systematic framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a mechanism for understanding the course and consequences of various health related states. The specific application of the ICF with persons with cognitive dysfunction is also presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  A comprehensive literature review related to the conceptualization of the ICF, its classification scheme and coding process is presented. Information on cognitive disorders including prevalence, functional manifestations and the assessment of a person's cognitive functioning and the applicability of the ICF's holistic classification and coding of cognitive dysfunction within the components of body structure and function, activity and participation, and environmental attributes is also reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ICF has the potential to classify and interpret cognitive deficits on a global level and thereby reflects upon the overall health and functioning of the individual in major life activities. The coding system systematically organizes measures related to the person's cognitive status and the resulting functional outcomes. The ICF focuses on individuals' performance of activities in all aspects of life and validates the independence and well-being of persons with disabilities making it an important instrument to be used by rehabilitation professionals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214, USA. arthanat@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Sajay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arthanat
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nochajski
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000145:classification* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D006304:Health Status; D006694:Holistic Health; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008603:Mental Health; D017146:Models, Organizational; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012944:Social Support; D014187:Transportation of Patients