title: Synaptosomal glutamate and GABA transport in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
abstract: High-affinity glutamate and GABA transporters found in the plasma membrane of neurons and glial cells terminate neurotransmission by rapidly removing extracellular transmitter. Impairment of transporter function has been implicated in the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis. We characterized glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport in synaptosomes, isolated from neocortical and hippocampal biopsies of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We analyzed K(+)-evoked release in the presence and absence of Ca(2+) to determine vesicular and transporter-mediated release, respectively. We also analyzed (3)H-glutamate and (3)H-GABA uptake, the effect of glutamate uptake inhibitors L-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid (tPDC) and DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA), and GABA uptake inhibitor N-(4,4-diphenyl-3-butenyl)-3-piperidinecarboxylic acid (SK&F 89976-A). Neocortical synaptosomes from TLE patients did not show vesicular glutamate release, strongly reduced transporter-mediated release, and an increased basal release compared to that in rat synaptosomes. Furthermore, basal release was less sensitive to tPDC, and (3)H-glutamate uptake was reduced compared to that in rat synaptosomes. Vesicular GABA release from neocortical synaptosomes of TLE patients was reduced compared to that in rat synaptosomes, whereas transporter-mediated release was hardly affected. Furthermore, basal GABA release was more than doubled, but neither basal nor stimulated release were increased by SK&F 89976-A, which did significantly increase both types of GABA release in rat synaptosomes. Finally, (3)H-GABA uptake by synaptosomes from TLE patients was reduced significantly in hippocampus (0.19 +/- 0.04%), compared to that in neocortex (0.32 +/- 0.04%). Control experiments with human peritumoral cortical tissue suggest that impaired uptake of glutamate, but not of GABA, was caused in part by the hypoxic state of the biopsy. Our findings provide evidence for impaired function of glutamate and GABA transporters in human TLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoogland
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Spierenburg
authors.forename: C W M
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: van Veelen
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: van Rijen
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: van Huffelen
authors.forename: P N E
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: de Graan
mesh_terms: D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D050485:GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium