title: Evaluation of cranberry supplement for reduction of urinary tract infections in individuals with neurogenic bladders secondary to spinal cord injury. A prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effectiveness of cranberry supplement at preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 individuals with neurogenic bladders secondary to SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Favorable or unfavorable response of cranberry supplement vs placebo on urinary bacterial counts and white blood cell (WBC) counts and the combination of bacterial and WBC counts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals with neurogenic bladders due to SCI were recruited and randomly assigned to standardized 400-mg cranberry tablets or placebo 3 times a day for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks and an additional 1-week "washout period," participants were crossed over to the other group. Participants were seen weekly, during which a urine analysis was obtained. UTI was defined as significant bacterial or yeast colony counts in the urine and elevated WBC counts (WBC count > or = 10 per high power field) in centrifuged urine. Participants with symptomatic infections were treated with appropriate antibiotics for 7 days and restarted on the cranberry tablet/ placebo after a 7-day washout period. Urinary pH between the cranberry and placebo groups was compared weekly. Data were analyzed using the Ezzet and Whitehead's random effect approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant treatment (favorable) effect for cranberry supplement beyond placebo when evaluating the 2 treatment groups for bacterial count, WBC count, or WBC and bacterial counts in combination. Urinary pH did not differ between the placebo and cranberry groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cranberry tablets were not found to be effective at changing urinary pH or reducing bacterial counts, urinary WBC counts, or UTIs in individuals with neurogenic bladders. Further long-term studies evaluating specific types of bladder management and UTIs will help to determine whether there is any role for the use of cranberries in individuals with neurogenic bladders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, West Orange, New Jersey 07052, USA. tlinsenmeyer@kessler-rehab.com
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Linsenmeyer
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oakley
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirshblum
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: Scott R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Millis
mesh_terms: D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D029799:Vaccinium macrocarpon
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations