title: II genotype of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene increases the risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured aneurysm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence exists in support of a role of genetic factors in susceptibility to aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in humans. Meta-analysis of 2 previous studies showed that the I allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was a weak, but significant, risk factor for aneurysmal SAH. Moreover, a recent study has shown that the local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the development of intracranial aneurysm. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and a risk for aneurysmal SAH in a Polish population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients with aneurysmal SAH (mean age: 48.9+/-14.0 years) and 128 healthy controls matched for age and sex were genotyped for the ACE I/D polymorphism. Aneurysmal SAH was diagnosed by cranial computed tomography and/or lumbar puncture and digital subtraction angiography. ACE gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the intron 16-specific I/D fragments, 490-bp and 190-bp, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACE genotype distribution in patients with aneurysmal SAH (II, 52.2%; ID, 15.6%; DD, 32.2%) differed significantly from controls (II, 23.4%; ID, 50.8%; DD, 25.8%) (P<0.001). A logistic regression model showed that the II genotype of ACE gene was independent from female sex and smoking as a risk factor for aneurysmal SAH (OR, 4.57; 95% CI, 2.35 to 8.90).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here we report that II genotype of ACE gene is a risk factor for aneurysmal SAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, 31-503 Krakow, Botaniczna 3, Poland. slowik@neuro.cm-uj.krakow.pl
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Slowik
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borratynska
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pera
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betlej
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dziedzic
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krzyszkowski
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Czepko
authors.forename: Denise A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Figlewicz
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczudlik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017542:Aneurysm, Ruptured / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011044:Poland; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A