title: Effect of moderate alcohol consumption on plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, and estradiol levels in middle-aged men and postmenopausal women: a diet-controlled intervention study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moderate alcohol consumption is inversely associated with cardiovascular diseases. Changes in hormone levels might in part help explain the positive health effect. This study was performed to examine the effect of moderate alcohol consumption on plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), testosterone, and estradiol levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, diet-controlled, crossover study, 10 middle-aged men and 9 postmenopausal women, all apparently healthy, nonsmoking, and moderate alcohol drinkers, consumed beer or no-alcohol beer with dinner during two successive periods of 3 weeks. During the beer period, alcohol intake equaled 40 and 30 g per day for men and women, respectively. The total diet was supplied and had essentially the same composition during these 6 weeks. Before each treatment there was a 1 week washout period, in which the subjects were not allowed to drink alcoholic beverages. At the end of each of the two experimental periods, fasting blood samples were collected in the morning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Moderate alcohol consumption increased plasma DHEAS level by 16.5% (95% confidence interval, 8.0-24.9), with similar changes for men and women. Plasma testosterone level decreased in men by 6.8% (95% confidence interval, -1.0- -12.5), but no effect was found in women. Plasma estradiol level was not affected. Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased by 11.7% (95% confidence interval, 7.3-16.0), with similar changes for men and women. The overall alcohol-induced relative changes in DHEAS, testosterone, and estradiol correlated positively with the relative increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (adjusted for the relative change in body weight); however, findings were only borderline significant for DHEAS and estradiol (r = 0.44, p = 0.08; r = 0.32, p = 0.21; and r = 0.46, p = 0.06, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption for cardiovascular disease risk may in part be explained by increased plasma DHEAS level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Physiology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Aafje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sierksma
authors.forename: Taisto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sarkola
authors.forename: C J Peter
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Martijn S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: van der Gaag
authors.forename: Diederick E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: Henk F J
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hendriks
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood*; D001515:Beer; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood*; D004032:Diet / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate