title: Dietary fatty acids affect plasma markers of inflammation in healthy men fed controlled diets: a randomized crossover study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of individual dietary fatty acids on emerging risk factors for cardiovascular disease that are associated with subclinical inflammation is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to evaluate the role of dietary fat and specific fatty acids, especially trans fatty acids, in altering concentrations of markers of inflammation in humans fed controlled diets.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized crossover design, 50 men consumed controlled diets for 5 wk that provided 15% of energy from protein, 39% of energy from fat, and 46% of energy from carbohydrate. Eight percent of fat or fatty acids was replaced across diets with the following: cholesterol, oleic acid, trans fatty acids (TFAs), stearic acid (STE), TFA+STE (4% of energy each), and 12:0-16:0 saturated fatty acids (LMP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibrinogen concentrations were higher after consumption of the diet enriched in stearic acid than after consumption of the carbohydrate diet. C-reactive protein concentrations were higher after consumption of the TFA diet than after consumption of the carbohydrate diet, but were not significantly different after consumption of the TFA and TFA+STE diets than after consumption of the LMP diet. Interleukin 6 concentrations were lower after consumption of the oleic acid diet than after consumption of the LMP, TFA, and STE diets. E-selectin concentrations were higher after consumption of the TFA diet than after consumption of the carbohydrate diet. Consumption of the TFA but not the TFA+STE diet resulted in higher E-selectin concentrations than did the LMP diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide evidence that dietary fatty acids can modulate markers of inflammation. Although stearic acid minimally affects LDL cholesterol, it does appear to increase fibrinogen concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. baer@bhnrc.arsusda.gov
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Baer
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: Beverly A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Clevidence
authors.forename: Russell P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Tracy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002149:Energy Intake; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D002784:Cholesterol