title: Repositioning accuracy of a commercially available thermoplastic mask system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the repositioning accuracy of a commercially available thermoplastic mask system for single dose radiosurgery treatments and fractionated treatment courses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The repositioning accuracy of the Raycast-HP mask system (Orfit Industries, Wijnegem, Belgium) was analyzed. Twenty-two patients that were treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or intensity modulated radiosurgery (IMRS) for 43 intracranial lesions, underwent repeated CT imaging during their course of treatment, or as a positional control immediately before radiosurgery. We evaluated multiple anatomical landmark coordinates and their respective shifts in consecutive repeated CT-controls. An iterative optimization algorithm allowed for the calculation of the x, y and z-components of translation of the target isocenter(s) for each repeated CT, as well as rotation in the respective CT data sets. In addition to absolute target isocenter translation, the total magnitude vector (i.e. sum-vector) of isocenter motion was calculated along with patient rotations about the three principle axes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five control CT datasets were analyzed for the target isocenter's respective position relative to the original treatment planning CT simulation. Mean target isocenter translation was 0.74+/-0.53, 0.75+/-0.60 and 0.93+/-0.78 mm in x, y and z-directions, respectively. Mean rotation about the x, y and z-axes was 0.67+/-0.66, 0.61+/-0.63 and 0.67+/-0.61 degrees, respectively. The respective median and mean magnitude vectors of isocenter translation were 1.28 and 1.59+/-0.84 mm. Analysis of the accuracy of the first setup control, representative of setup accuracy for radiosurgery treatments, compared with setup accuracy throughout a fractionated radiation treatment course were statistically equivalent (P= 0.15) thus indicating no measurable deterioration of setup accuracy throughout the treatment course.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The analyzed Orfit thermoplastic mask system performed favorably compared with other mask immobilization systems for which peer-reviewed repositioning data exist. While the performance of the system for fractionated treatment courses was considered to be excellent, use of this mask system for radiosurgery immobilization in our clinic is subject to additional quality assurance measures to prohibit the delivery of treatments with target dislocations larger than 2 mm. The measured data in the present study should enable the users of this system to assign appropriate margins for the generation of planning target volumes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuss
authors.forename: Bill J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheek
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadeghi
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hevezi
authors.forename: Terence S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Herman
mesh_terms: D016371:Cranial Irradiation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D008397:Masks; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation