title: Genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride and azadirachtin treated singly and in combination in fish.
abstract: The genotoxic effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) and azadirachtin (Aza) were assessed singly and conjointly in a fish, Oreochromis mossambicus, with endpoints such as chromosome aberrations, abnormal red cell nuclei, abnormal sperm morphology, and protein content (both qualitative and quantitative) of selected tissues, namely, muscle, heart, eye, brain, gill, liver, spleen, and kidney. The primary objectives were, first, to examine if CdCl(2), a common pollutant, and Aza, a natural product of the neem plant used extensively as an 'ecofriendly' agent for many purposes, had any genotoxic effect of their own on nontarget aquatic organisms of economic importance; and second, if Aza could have any ameliorating effect on CdCl(2)-induced genotoxicity in O. mossambicus tissues. As compared with distilled water-treated controls, both CdCl(2) and Aza induced genotoxicity in O. mossambicus, the former in greater quantity than that produced by Aza. However, Cd-induced toxicity in O. mossambicus appeared to be ameliorated to some extent by Aza.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Khuda-Bukhsh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D031601:Azadirachta; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007621:Karyotyping; D036701:Limonins / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective / Q000187:drug effects; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D013077:Sperm Head / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017210:Tilapia / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D036701:Limonins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011506:Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; C010329:azadirachtin