title: Adjuvant intravesical mitoxantrone versus recombinant interferon-alpha after transurethral resection of superficial bladder cancer: a randomized prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of two different doses of intravesical mitoxantrone and of recombinant interferon-alpha (IFNalpha-2b), instilled after transurethral resection (TUR) of superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  208 patients (mean age 62.05 years) with primary or recurrent superficial (TaG1, T1G1, T1G2) bladder cancer were randomly allocated into four groups, after TUR of all visible tumors. Group A (45 patients) received no further therapy; group B (56 patients) received 10 mg of mitoxantrone (6 weekly and 20 fortnightly instillations), group C (54 patients) 20 mg of mitoxantrone (3 fortnightly and 10 monthly instillations) and group D (53 patients) received 100 MU of IFNalpha-2b (8 weekly, 8 fortnightly and 6 monthly instillations).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up (mean 21.09 months), 29 (64.44%) patients in group A had recurrence, compared with 19 (33.92%) in group B, 17 (31.48%) in group C and 15 (28.3%) patients in group D (p < 0.005). Furthermore, the differences in simple recurrence rates were statistically more significant (p < 0.05), when group A was compared with the three other groups in the terms of T1G2, recurrent and multiple neoplasms. Twenty-nine patients (10, 7, 8, and 4 in groups A-D) experienced tumor progression, and the differences between the four groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The mean recurrence time was 9.03 months in group A, 13.74 in group B, 14.24 in group C and 17.4 months in group D (p < 0.001), and the recurrence rate per 100 patient-months was 4.39, 1.57, 1.48 and 1.06, respectively (p < 0.05). Toxicity (grade 1-3) was recorded in 23.21% in group B, in 31.48% in group C and in 9.43% in group D (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The two doses of mitoxantrone resulted in similar efficacy for the prevention of superficial bladder cancer recurrences, with the dose of 10 mg of mitoxantrone being related to fewer side effects. In comparison with mitoxantrone, the adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy with 100 MU of IFNalpha-2b showed a better combination of efficacy and safety.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Agios Andreas Regional Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece. agpapatsoris@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Papatsoris
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deliveliotis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannopoulos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dimopoulos
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007370:Interferon Type I; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D008942:Mitoxantrone