title: Precision and accuracy of CT-based measurements of masticatory muscles in patients with hemifacial microsomia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess masticatory muscle volumes in patients with hemifacial microsomia. Until recently, this congenital malformation was only studied in terms of restoring bony and skin morphologies. Study of the masticatory muscles, however, adds a new dimension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contiguous 1.5 mm CT scans were made using a Philips Tomoscan 350 in six patients with hemifacial microsomia and in one patient without asymmetry. These CT scans were processed by a Cemax 1500X 3D workstation. The volume of the masseter, temporal, and medial and lateral pterygoid muscles was measured from CT scans using three-dimensional (3D) segmentation followed by 3D imaging. The precision and accuracy of measurements of masticatory muscle volumes were investigated. The precision of 3D imaging was assessed by carrying out repeated measurements by two observers. The accuracy of the volume determination technique was assessed by scanning a piece of porcine muscle tissue with a known volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraobserver repeatability was near perfect, with the lowest alpha being 0.96 (for the medial pterygoid muscle). All interobserver correlations were high (>0.99). The accuracy of the method of measurement demonstrated differences ranging from 2.3% to 4.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Craniofacial soft tissue measurements obtained from CT scans in patients with hemifacial microsomia were accurate and reproducible but time consuming.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. chuisinga@xs4all.nl
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Huisinga-Fischer
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vaandrager
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Zonneveld
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Prahl-Andersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015588:Observer Variation; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011626:Pterygoid Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*