title: Macromolecular source as dependent on osmotic pressure and water source: effects on bovine in vitro embryo development and quality.
abstract: This study evaluated the protective effect of protein, as dependent on osmolarity, and the quality of water sources used to prepare embryo culture media. In Experiment 1, two concentrations of NaCl were used to obtain culture media with normal (280 mOSM) and low (245 mOSM) osmolarity, each supplemented with either bovine serum albumin (BSA) or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Low osmolarity improved blastocyst rates in the presence of BSA (P < 0.01) and tended to do it in medium containing PVA (P < 0.07). Furthermore, low osmolarity allowed PVA to increase inner cell mass (ICM) numbers and ICM/total cell rate (P < 0.05), while trophectoderm (TE) and total cell counts tended to decrease (P < 0.08). In Experiment 2, culture media were prepared with two water sources (Milli-Q and Sigma-W3500-) in combination with BSA or PVA. Both water sources yielded similar embryo development rates, but in the presence of BSA, Milli-Q water produced embryos with increased ICM/total cells rates (P < 0.05). On the contrary, Sigma water tended to increase trophectoderm cell counts (P < 0.08). In conclusion, the present study showed that low osmolarity is beneficial to embryo development and combinations of macromolecule and osmolarity influence trophectoderm differentiation. Both Milli-Q and Sigma supported embryo development at comparable rates, although in the presence of BSA, blastocysts obtained in the medium prepared with Milli-Q water had superior quality in terms of ICM/total cells rates.
authors.affiliation: Area de Genética y Reproducción, SERIDA, Centro de Fertilización in vitro de Asturias, C/Alvarez Garaya 12, 33206, Gijón, Spain.
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duque
authors.forename: Carlos O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pintado
authors.forename: Nieves
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Facal
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000196:embryology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D033041:Embryo Research; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014867:Water / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D014867:Water; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol