Increased expression of tissue-type transglutaminase following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
Tissue-type transglutaminase (TG-2) has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, induction of TG-2 was studied in rats following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Alterations in 2,3,5-triphenylterazolium chloride staining revealed maximum infarction 3 days after injury. Measurement of mRNA transcript levels by real-time PCR analysis showed both forms of TG-2 mRNA peaking on day 5 after injury in ipsilateral cortex, with greater induction of the full-length TG-2 (TG-L) transcript than the truncated form of the TG-2 (TG-S) transcript. However, in the ipsilateral hippocampus, peak induction of both forms of TG-2 mRNA peaked 1 day after injury and to a lesser extent than observed in the ipsilateral cortex. Western blot analysis demonstrated that TG-L protein expression progressively increased from 1 to 7 days after ischemia, with greater expression in cortex than hippocampus (525 +/- 10% vs. 196 +/- 8% of control, respectively). However, expression of TG-S was not detected. These results demonstrate that increased TG-2 mRNA and protein expression occurs in a delayed fashion following ischemic injury. The temporal profile of TG-2 induction after ischemia was similar to that observed after traumatic brain injury (previously described), suggesting a similar role of TG-2 in both pathological conditions.
Tolentino
Paul J
PJ
Department of Neuroscience, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute of the University of Florida, Center for Traumatic Brain Injury Studies, 100 S. Newell Drive, Box 100244, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Waghray
Anuradha
A
Wang
Kevin K W
KK
Hayes
Ronald L
RL
D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000091345:Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2; D011503:Transglutaminases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins