title: Evaluation of various inclusion rates of organic zinc either as polysaccharide or proteinate complex on the growth performance, plasma, and excretion of nursery pigs.
abstract: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding dietary concentrations of organic Zn as a Zn-polysaccharide (Quali Tech Inc., Chaska, MN) or as a Zn-proteinate (Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY) on growth performance, plasma concentrations, and excretion in nursery pigs compared with pigs fed 2,000 ppm inorganic Zn as ZnO. Experiments 1 and 2 were growth experiments, and Exp. 3 was a balance experiment, and they used 306, 98, and 20 crossbred pigs, respectively. Initially, pigs averaged 17 d of age and 5.2 kg BW in Exp. 1 and 2, and 31 d of age and 11.2 kg BW in Exp. 3. The basal diets for Exp. 1, 2, and 3 contained 165 ppm supplemental Zn as ZnSO4 (as-fed basis), which was supplied from the premix. In Exp. 1, the Phase 1 (d 1 to 14) basal diet was supplemented with 0, 125, 250, 375, or 500 ppm Zn as Zn-polysaccharide (as-fed basis) or 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO (as-fed basis). All pigs were then fed the same Phase 2 (d 15 to 28) and Phase 3 (d 29 to 42) diets. In Exp. 2, both the Phase 1 and 2 basal diets were supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 ppm Zn as Zn-proteinate (as-fed basis) or 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO (as-fed basis). For the 28-d Exp. 3, the Phase 2 basal diet was supplemented with 0, 200, or 400 ppm Zn as Zn-proteinate, or 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO (as-fed basis). All diets were fed in meal form. In Exp. 1, 2, and 3, pigs were bled on d 14, 28, or 27, respectively, to determine plasma Zn and Cu concentrations. For all three experiments, there were no overall treatment differences in ADG, ADFI, or G:F (P = 0.15, 0.22, and 0.45, respectively). However, during wk 1 of Exp. 1, pigs fed 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO had greater (P < or = 0.05) ADG and G:F than pigs fed the basal diet. In all experiments, pigs fed a diet containing 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO had higher plasma Zn concentrations (P < 0.10) than pigs fed the basal diet. In Exp. 1 and 3, pigs fed 2,000 ppm Zn as ZnO had higher fecal Zn concentrations (P < 0.01) than pigs fed the other dietary Zn treatments. In conclusion, organic Zn either as a polysaccharide or a proteinate had no effect on growth performance at lower inclusion rates; however, feeding lower concentrations of organic Zn greatly decreased the amount of Zn excreted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA. carlsonm@missouri.edu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Boren
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Huntington
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bollinger
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Veum
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008297:Male; D009753:Nutritive Value; D011134:Polysaccharides; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc