title: Bivalirudin: an anticoagulant option for percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: Coronary artery thrombosis is usually triggered by platelet-rich thrombus superimposed on a spontaneously or mechanically disrupted atherosclerotic plaque. Thrombin and platelets both play a role in this process. Unfractionated heparin and aspirin have served as cornerstones in the prevention and treatment of intracoronary thrombus, but unfractionated heparin has several limitations that necessitate the use of adjunctive therapies, such as glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors and clopidogrel, in order to reduce the risk of ischemic events. These combination therapies, however, typically increase the risk for bleeding complications, as well as the cost and complexity of treatment. Bivalirudin (Angiomax, The Medicines Company), a thrombin-specific anticoagulant, does not share heparin's limitations. Bivalirudin appears to provide clinical advantages over unfractionated heparin therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, without increasing cost or complexity of treatment for most patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, TC B1-238, Box 0311, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0022, USA. ebates@umich.edu
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bates
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications*; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006629:Hirudins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013577:Syndrome; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006629:Hirudins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006493:Heparin; C074619:bivalirudin