title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions to enhance mammography compliance using computer modeling (CAN*TROL).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tailored telephone counseling and physician-based and clinic-based interventions have been shown to be cost-effective in enhancing utilization of mammography among nonadherent women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the costs and benefits of a broad implementation of these interventions from a health payer perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  CAN*TROL computer modeling was employed in the cost-effectiveness analysis of interventions in a 2000 Texas female population. The estimated effects of the various interventions and their related costs derived from the literature were applied to a hypothetical scenario of a broad implementation of these interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven studies were identified from the literature, six of them employed tailored telephone counseling (TC), whereas two used comprehensive physician-based (PB) or clinic-based (CB) interventions. The estimated intervention cost per women was 43 dollars for TC, 71 dollars for PB, and 151 dollars for CB. CAN*TROL model showed that after 15 years of implementation, TC, PB, and CB could reduce cancer mortality by 6.5, 2.2, and 10.7%, respectively. The cumulative net costs of interventions, mammography screening, and medical care costs were lower for TC (TC vs. PB vs. CB, 1.05 million vs. 1.06 million vs. 1.60 million). Nevertheless, CB resulted in more life-years saved (TC vs. PB vs. CB, 11,413 vs. 8515 vs. 14,559). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was more favorable for tailored telephone counseling interventions. One-way sensitivity analysis indicated that compliance rates and intervention costs had the most significant impact on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tailored telephone counseling interventions may be the preferred first-line intervention for getting nonadherent women aged 50 to 79 years on schedule for mammography screening.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA. jasmanda_wu@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jasmanda H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Man C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Wenyaw
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lairson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003376:Counseling; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013781:Texas