title: Patient satisfaction and glycemic control after 1 year with inhaled insulin (Exubera) in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine patient satisfaction in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes receiving an inhaled insulin or subcutaneous insulin regimen, as assessed by pooled analysis of two 12-week parent studies and 1-year extension studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the 12-week parent studies, patients with type 1 (n = 70) or type 2 (n = 51) diabetes were randomized to an inhaled insulin or subcutaneous insulin regimen. In the 1-year extension studies, patients were allowed to select either treatment regimen. Patient satisfaction was assessed at baseline, week 12, and 1 year using the Patient Satisfaction with Insulin Therapy questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 60 patients who received inhaled insulin during the parent studies, 85.0% (n = 51) chose to continue treatment, 13.3% (n = 8) switched to subcutaneous insulin, and 1.7% (n = 1) did not continue. Of the 61 patients who received subcutaneous insulin, 21.3% (n = 13) chose to continue treatment, 75.4% (n = 46) switched to inhaled insulin, and 3.3% (n = 2) did not continue. From baseline (parent studies) to 1 year (extension studies), HbA(1c) reductions of 0.8% were sustained, and greater improvements were observed in the inhaled insulin group compared with the subcutaneous insulin group in terms of overall satisfaction (37.9 vs. 3.1%; P < 0.01) and ease of use (43.2 vs. -0.9%; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhaled insulin was preferred over subcutaneous insulin, which resulted in greater patient satisfaction up to 1 year in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes with durable effects on HbA(1c) levels.
authors.affiliation: Dallas Diabetes and Endocrine Center, Dallas, Texas, USA. robert_a_gerber@groton.pfizer.com
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenstock
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cappelleri
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bolinder
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gerber
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin