Pathogenomics of mobile genetic elements of toxigenic bacteria.
The growing knowledge of genetic diversity and whole genome organization in bacteria shows that pathogenicity islands (PAIs) represent a subtype of a more general genetic element, termed genomic island (GEI), which is widespread among pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. These findings mirror the importance of horizontal gene transfer, genome reduction and recombination events as fundamental mechanisms involved in evolution of bacterial variants. GEIs are part of the flexible gene pool and carry selfish genes, but also determinants which may be beneficial under certain conditions thus increasing bacterial fitness and consequently their survival or transmission. In this review, we focus on the role of mobile genetic elements that may also contain toxin-encoding genes for genome variability and evolution of bacteria.
Hacker
Jörg
J
University of Würzburg, Institute for Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases, Würzburg, Germany. j.hacker@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
Hochhut
Bianca
B
Middendorf
Barbara
B
Schneider
György
G
Buchrieser
Carmen
C
Gottschalk
Gerhard
G
Dobrindt
Ulrich
U
D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal / Q000235:genetics; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D020071:Interspersed Repetitive Sequences / Q000235:genetics*; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D014774:Virulence
D001427:Bacterial Toxins