title: Pharmacology of carvedilol.
abstract: Carvedilol is a third-generation, neurohormonal antagonist with multiple activities. It blocks both beta(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors, enhances vasodilation via alpha(1)-adrenergic blockade, and, at high concentrations, has ion channel-blocking activities. Carvedilol lacks sympathomimetic activity. In addition to these well-known properties, carvedilol has a number of ancillary activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Together, they contribute to the clinical efficacy of carvedilol in a broad spectrum of patient types and may also confer a range of cardioprotective benefits.
authors.affiliation: Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dulin
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Abraham
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D006801:Humans; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077261:Carvedilol