title: The role of drinking restraint in alcohol dependence: validation of the temptation and restraint inventory in an alcohol dependent sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Temptation and Restraint Inventory (TRI) is commonly used to measure drinking restraint in relation to problem drinking behavior. However, as yet the TRI has not been validated in a clinical group with alcohol dependence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male (n = 111) and female (n = 57) inpatients with DSM-IV diagnosed alcohol dependence completed the TRI and measures of problem drinking severity, including the Alcohol Dependence Scale and the quantity, frequency and week total of alcohol consumed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The factor structure of the TRI was replicated in the alcohol dependent sample. Cognitive Emotional Pre-occupation (CEP), one of the two higher order factors of the TRI, demonstrated sound predictive power toward all dependence severity indices. The other higher order factor, Cognitive Behavioral Control (CBC), was related to frequency of drinking. There was limited support for the CEP/CBC interactional model of drinking restraint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the construct validity of the TRI was sound, the measure appears more useful in understanding the development, maintenance and severity of alcohol-related problems in nondependent drinkers. The TRI may show promise in detecting either continuous drinking or heavy episodic type dependent drinkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Queensland, Southern Clinical Division, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia. jason@psychiatry.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Elea T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Gudgeon
authors.forename: Ross McD
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Saunders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003071:Cognition; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*