title: Ultrasonographic gastric emptying in protein energy malnutrition: effect of type of meal and nutritional recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The earlier reports of disturbed gastric motility in protein energy malnutrition (PEM) point out to its possible contribution in the difficulties faced during nutritional rehabilitation. This study was thus designed to assess the ultrasonographic gastric emptying time (GET) using 20 ml/kg body weight of both liquid and semisolid meals, in 27 patients suffering from PEM as well as in 15 healthy matching infants to delineate any defect present, its degree in different types of PEM and the effect of nutritional rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were recruited from the in-patient department of Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. They were divided into three groups: 10 marasmic infants, 10 marasmic kwashiorkor (marasmic KWO) and seven kwashiorkor (KWO) cases. Ultrasonographic GET assessment was carried out within 72 h of admission and 30+/-7 days after nutritional rehabilitation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gastric half-emptying time T(1/2) of both liquid and semisolid meals was markedly prolonged in patients with marasmus and marasmic KWO. It was more delayed for the semisolid than the liquid meals. This delay was reversible after nutritional rehabilitation of the patients, indicating that it was secondary to the malnourished status. On the other hand, T(1/2) of both liquid and semisolid meals showed no statistically significant delay in the KWO group and nutritional rehabilitation added no further to the results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PEM, especially marasmus and marasmic KWO, causes a delay in GET, which is reversible on nutritional recovery. This must be considered during nutritional rehabilitation of such patients to decrease the duration of their hospitalization and thus decrease the morbidity in PEM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Shaaban
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Nassar
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sawaby
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: EL-Masry
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ghana
mesh_terms: D004534:Egypt; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007732:Kwashiorkor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography