title: A novel potent inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide inhibitor, ONO-1714, reduces intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: The overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may contribute to the pathophysiology of intestinal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of selective iNOS inhibition by a cyclic amidine analogue, ONO-1714, on reperfusion-induced small intestinal injury and inflammation in rats. Intestinal damage was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by clamping both the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk for 30 min, followed by reperfusion. The luminal nitrite concentration in the small intestine was measured by Griess reaction and the iNOS mRNA expression by RT-PCR. The severity of the intestinal mucosal injury and inflammation were evaluated by several biochemical markers and by the histological findings. The rats which were killed after ischemia-reperfusion had increased luminal concentrations of nitrite and iNOS mRNA expression, in addition to severe intestinal inflammation characterized by significant increases in myeloperoxidase activity, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, and by the mucosal content of CINC-1 cytokine, a neutrophil chemotactic cytokine. Administration with ONO-1714 significantly inhibited the luminal NO production. Reperfusion after 30-min ischemia resulted in an increase in luminal protein and hemoglobin concentrations, with levels reaching a maximum after 60 min of reperfusion. In contrast, pre-treatment with ONO-1714 2h before the ischemia inhibited the increases in luminal protein and hemoglobin concentration in a dose-dependent manner (0.001-0.1mg/kg). The contents of the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (a marker of oxidative lipid peroxidation) were significantly increased by ischemia-reperfusion, and this increase was reduced by ONO-1714. After reperfusion, the increase in tissue-associated myeloperoxidase activity, an index of neutrophil infiltration, was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with ONO-1714. ONO-1714 also inhibited increases in intestinal CINC-1 protein and mRNA expression, as determined by ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. In conclusion, the improvement of reperfusion-induced intestinal injury by ONO-1714 suggested that an excess of NO, produced by iNOS, may have contributed to the initiation/amplification of intestinal inflammatory injury by various mechanisms, including nitrosative and oxidative damage as well as the enhancement of inflammatory cytokine release.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan. ynaito@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Tomohisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomatsuri
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Isozaki
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katada
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokura
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okanoue
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000578:Amidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006574:Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: C407360:7-chloro-3-imino-5-methyl-2-azabicyclo(4.1.0)heptane; D000578:Amidines; D054360:Chemokine CXCL1; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C513297:Cxcl1 protein, rat; D006574:Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat