title: ECG-gated 23Na-MRI of the human heart using a 3D-radial projection technique with ultra-short echo times.
abstract: Pathological changes in tissue often manifest themselves in an altered sodium gradient between intra- and extracellular space due to a malfunctioning Na+-K+ pump, resulting in an increase in total sodium concentration in ischaemic regions. Therefore, 23Na-MRI has the potential to non-invasively differentiate viable from non-viable tissue by detecting concentration changes of intra- and extracellular sodium. As the in vivo sodium signal shows a bi-exponential T2 decay, with a short component of less than 1 ms, the accurate quantification of the total sodium content requires imaging techniques with ultra-short echo times (TE) below 0.5 ms. A 3D-radial projection technique has been developed which allows the acquisition of ECG-triggered sodium images of the human heart with a TE of 0.4 ms. With this pulse sequence 23Na-MRI volunteer measurements of the head or the heart were performed in less than 18 min on a 1.5-T clinical scanner with an isotropic resolution of 10 mm3. The signal to noise ratio of the radial projection technique is twofold higher than that of a Cartesian gradient echo pulse sequence (TE = 3.2 ms). Radial 23Na-MRI provides a tool for clinical studies, aiming at the differentiation of viable and non-viable tissue.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Biophysik und Medizinische Strahlenphysik, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jerecic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nielles-Vallespin
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wacker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Lothar R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Schad
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase