title: Yersinia enterocolitica leads to transient induction of TNF-alpha and activates NF-kappaB in synovial fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The importance of the presence of bacterial antigen or even living bacteria for the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis has been discussed increasingly ever since bacterial antigen was found in inflamed joints. Bacteria may persist in the body and drive the local immune response, maintaining arthritis. Cytokines, in particular tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are essential for bacterial elimination. In reactive arthritis, the course of the disease is influenced by several cytokines, including TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha expression can be mediated by transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB). Moreover, TNF-alpha is also one of the strongest activators of NF-kappaB.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro expression of TNF-alpha and activation of NF-kappaB in synovial fibroblasts after infection with Yersinia enterocolitica or Salmonella enteritidis was analysed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, Western blot assay and real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that infection of synovial fibroblasts with yersinia and salmonellae lead to the transient expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and induction of NF-kappaB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Induction of TNF-alpha in synovial fibroblasts after infection with yersiniae or salmonellae might be insufficient to eliminate bacteria, and this could allow the intracellular persistence of these bacteria. Our results therefore support the hypothesis that a permissive cytokine pattern might contribute to the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, University of Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer-Bahlburg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greil
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marienfeld
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Serfling
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Huppertz
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000276:immunology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D015008:Yersinia enterocolitica / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha