title: DSM-IV mental disorders and neurological complications in children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (HIV-1).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  - To study the types of psychiatric problem encountered in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their relationship to central nervous system disorder and the severity of infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  - 17 HIV-infected children presenting with psychiatric problems were included. Mental disorders were evaluated according to DSM-IV criteria. Neurological disorders and progressive encephalopathy (presence or absence) diagnosis were evaluated by clinical and radiological examination. The severity of infection was assessed by the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  - The most frequent diagnoses were major depression (MDD: 47%) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD: 29%). Major depression diagnosis was significantly associated with neuroimaging or clinical neurological abnormalities (p < 0.01). In contrast, no association was found between hyperactivity diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria and central nervous system disorder. Percentage of CD4 lymphocytes were close to 0 for more than 80% of children presenting with psychiatric complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  - The very low % of CD4 lymphocytes of these children suggest that the appearance of a psychiatric complication should be regarded as a factor indicating severe HIV infection. Depressive disorders may be a clinical form of encephalopathy.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Necker Enfants Malades Hospital, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Misdrahi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Funk-Brentano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tardieu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanche
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Mouren-Simeoni
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens