title: Acute alcohol consumption improves insulin action without affecting insulin secretion in type 2 diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Long-term exposure to alcohol is associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity. At this time, however, there is no definitive proof that alcohol per se has an effect on the insulin sensitivity index (S(i)) in type 2 diabetes patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of acute moderate alcohol intake on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in comparable subjects with and without type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGTs) were performed twice on eight healthy and eight type 2 diabetic volunteers. Forty grams of alcohol (vodka 40% wt/vol) or tap water were sipped from time -60 min to the end of the FSIGT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lactate area under the curve (AUC) was higher in both groups during the alcohol study than in the control study. Free fatty acid (FFA) AUC was higher in type 2 diabetic subjects than in control subjects; alcohol slightly reduced FFA by 17% in control subjects (34 +/- 4 mmol. min(-1). l(-1); P = 0.1) but significantly decreased FFA by 23% in type 2 diabetic subjects (54 +/- 10; P = 0.007). Beta-cell response was markedly reduced in type 2 diabetic subjects regardless of the type of study. Alcohol significantly increased S(i) in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute alcohol consumption improves insulin action without affecting beta-cell secretion. This effect may be partly due to the inhibitory effect of alcohol on lipolysis. Alcohol intake increases insulin sensitivity and may partly explain both the J-shaped relationship between the prevalence of diabetes and the amount of alcohol consumption and the decreased mortality for myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento Medicina Sperimentale Policlinico, University of Padua Medical School, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy. angelo.avogaro@unipd.it
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avogaro
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dall'Arche
authors.forename: Saula Vigili
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: De Kreutzenberg
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiengo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pacini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D000431:Ethanol