title: Chronic cortisol suppresses pituitary and hypothalamic peptide message expression in pigtailed macaques.
abstract: The effects of chronic elevations in circulating glucocorticoids on the expression of peptides and peptide receptors of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis have been studied extensively in rodents, but they have not been examined in primates. To determine the responses of the HPA axis in primates to elevated cortisol, hypothalamic and pituitary tissue from normal older pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) that had received daily oral administration of cortisol or placebo for 1 year were studied. Pro-opiomelanocortin in the anterior pituitary and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were significantly reduced in cortisol-treated monkeys in comparison with controls. CRF receptor 1 (CRF-R1) expression in the anterior pituitary and arginine vasopressin mRNA expression in the PVN were unchanged by chronic cortisol administration. Sustained elevation of circulating glucocorticoids results in suppression of HPA peptide and peptide receptor expression in the PVN and anterior pituitary similar to those found in rodents. Chronic therapeutic administration of glucocorticoids in humans may have unintended consequences for hypothalamic and pituitary function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. szot@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Szot
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leverenz
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Greenup
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Colasurdo
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Peskind
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Raskind
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000235:genetics; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D008297:Male; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone