title: Tibiofemoral kinematics following successful anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using dynamic multiple resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is to reduce excess joint laxity, hoping to restore normal tibiofemoral kinematics and therefore improve joint stability. It remains unclear if successful ACL reconstruction restores normal tibiofemoral kinematics and whether it is this that is associated with a good result.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the kinematics of the anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knee using open-access MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tibiofemoral motion was assessed using open-access MRI, weightbearing through the arc of flexion from 0 degrees to 90 degrees in 10 patients with isolated reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (hamstring autograft) in one knee and a normal contralateral knee. Midmedial and midlateral sagittal images were analyzed in all positions of flexion in both knees to assess the tibiofemoral relationship. Sagittal laxity was also assessed by performing the Lachman test while the knees were scanned dynamically using open-access MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of excursion between the tibial and femoral joint surfaces was similar between the normal and reconstructed knees, but the relationship of tibia to femur was always different for each position of knee flexion assessed-the lateral tibia being about 5 mm more anterior in the anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees. This anterior tibial position is statistically significantly different at 0 degrees (P <.0006), 20 degrees (P =.0004), 45 degrees (P =.002), and 90 degrees of flexion (P <.006). Anteroposterior laxity was similar between normal and anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction reduces sagittal laxity to within normal limits but does not restore normal tibiofemoral kinematics despite a successful outcome.
authors.affiliation: Interventional MR Unit, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, UK. mlogan100@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Martin Charles
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Logan
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jonathon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lavelle
authors.forename: Wady
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gedroyc
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005269:Femur / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013977:Tibia / Q000502:physiology*; D016474:Weight-Bearing