title: [Measuring health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: preliminary validation and reliability of the Spanish version of the KINDL questionnaire].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain a first Spanish version of the KINDL questionnaire idiomatic and culturally equivalent to the German original version, and then to evaluate its psychometric properties in a sample of healthy children/adolescents 8-16 years old, and their parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 public schools of Asturias of similar sociodemographic conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  243 children 8-16 year-old, and 153 parents were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  HRQoL evaluated through the generic questionnaire KINDL. An external assessment through the parents was made as well. The psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the questionnaire were investigated and results on HRQoL are presented for different ages and gender in the Spanish sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  6 items (6/24) needed successive translations and conceptual discussion during the phase of idiomatic adaptation. The factorial analysis confirmed the validity of construction of the instrument for most scales. The internal consistency, measured by alpha Cronbach coefficent, was good for the total of the questionnaire (>0.70) and acceptable in most of the scales (>0.50). Only the school scale for adolescents shows very poor reliability. Females and children with higher age scored lower in most of the investigated dimensions (P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The first Spanish version of the Kindl showed acceptable reliability and validity. In spite of the punctual inadequacies found in this first step of the investigation, the results constitute an important starting point to work further on the KINDL as an HRQoL instrument--in Spanish language--to measure subjective well-being in children.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud de Riosa, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, Travesía Santa Bárbara, s/n 33160 La Ará-Riosa, Asturias, Spain. jaflopez@wanadoo.es
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fernández-López
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fernández Fidalgo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cieza
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ravens-Sieberer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014177:Translations