title: NIPBL, encoding a homolog of fungal Scc2-type sister chromatid cohesion proteins and fly Nipped-B, is mutated in Cornelia de Lange syndrome.
abstract: Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a multiple malformation disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, mental retardation, growth delay and limb reduction defects. We indentified and characterized a new gene, NIPBL, that is mutated in individuals with CdLS and determined its structure and the structures of mouse, rat and zebrafish homologs. We named its protein product delangin. Vertebrate delangins have substantial homology to orthologs in flies, worms, plants and fungi, including Scc2-type sister chromatid cohesion proteins, and D. melanogaster Nipped-B. We propose that perturbed delangin function may inappropriately activate DLX genes, thereby contributing to the proximodistal limb patterning defects in CdLS. Genome analyses typically identify individual delangin or Nipped-B-like orthologs in diploid animal and plant genomes. The evolution of an ancestral sister chromatid cohesion protein to acquire an additional role in developmental gene regulation suggests that there are parallels between CdLS and Roberts syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
authors.forename: Emma T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Tonkin
authors.forename: Tzu-Jou
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lisgo
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bamshad
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strachan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003635:De Lange Syndrome / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C487465:NIPBL protein, human; D011506:Proteins; C410592:SCC2 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C119839:nipped-B protein, Drosophila