title: [Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma C-161T polymorphism and carotid artery atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between PPAR gamma C161-T polymorphism and Carotid Atherosclerosis in metabolic Syndrome (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragments length polymorphism was used to study the distribution of the PPAR gamma C161-T polymorphism in 248 metabolism syndrome, 163 essential hypertension (EH) and 115 type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and 121 normal controls. Fasting insulin (FINS), fasting blood glucose (FBG), uric Acid (UA), plasma lipids and ultrasonography for carotid artery were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Waistline and BMI were significantly higher in MS compared with those in control, EH and DM (P < 0.01). systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) were markedly higher in MS and EH compared with those in DM and control (P < 0.01). The frequencies of the CC, CT and TT were 74.6%, 21.8% and 3.6% in MS respectively, The frequencies of the CC was significantly higher in MS compared with that in control, but T allele carrier (CT + TT) was significantly lower compared with control, DM and EH (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In MS, CC genotype had significantly increased the intima-media thickness (IMT) of common carotid artery and plaque index compared with CT + TT (IMT: 0.84 mm +/- 0.3 mm vs 0.66 mm +/- 0.19 mm; plaque index: 2.19 +/- 1.21 vs 1.66 +/- 1.36, P < 0.05), CC genotype had significantly increased plaque index compared with CT + TT in EH and DM (plaque index: EH: 1.55 +/- 1.23 vs 1.29 +/- 0.92; DM: 1.57 +/- 1.2 vs 1.18 +/- 0.85, P < 0.05); CC genotype had significantly higher SBP compared with CT + TT in EH (P < 0.05), CC genotype had significantly increased plaque index in MS than that in DM and EH (P < 0.01), CC genotype had significantly increased IMT in MS compared with DM. CC genotype had significantly higher SBP and PP compared with CT + TT in MS (SBP: 155 mm Hg +/- 23 mm Hg vs 145 mm Hg +/- 21 mm Hg; PP: 69 mm Hg +/- 8 mm Hg vs 58 mm Hg +/- 8 mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa, P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In MS, CC genotype was prone to lesion of carotid artery, but CT + TT may reduce lesion of carotid artery, which implicates that PPAR gamma C161-T may play a important role in carotid artery arteriosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology and Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqin 400042, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-cheng
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhi-ming
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Cheng-yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Zhi-gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yin-xing
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors