Effect of apolipoprotein E4 allele on plasma LDL cholesterol response to diet therapy in type 2 diabetic patients.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of apolipoprotein (apo)E4 allele on plasma LDL cholesterol response to calorie-restricted diet therapy in type 2 diabetic patients.


METHODS
Twenty-four diabetic patients with the apoE3/3 genotype and 11 diabetic patients with the apoE4/3 genotype were recruited. Participants were hospitalized for calorie-restricted diet therapy (25.0 kcal. kg body wt(-1). day(-1)) for 14 days. Body weight, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, and plasma lipid levels on hospital days 1 and 14 were compared between the two apoE genotype groups.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in baseline FPG levels, HbA(1c) levels, BMI, and plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL cholesterol between the two apoE genotype groups, but baseline plasma levels of LDL cholesterol were significantly higher in the apoE4/3 group than in the apoE3/3 group. Body weight decreased slightly and FPG levels decreased significantly after diet therapy in both apoE genotype groups. In the apoE3/3 group, only plasma levels of triglyceride decreased significantly after diet therapy, whereas in the apoE4/3 group, plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol decreased significantly after diet therapy. The decrease (percentage of change) in total cholesterol (-16.3 vs. -6.6%) and LDL cholesterol (-15.6 vs. -0.7%) after diet therapy was significantly greater in the apoE4/3 group than in the apoE3/3 group.


CONCLUSIONS
Calorie-restricted diet therapy is more effective in reducing plasma LDL cholesterol in type 2 diabetic patients with the apoE4 allele.
Saito
Mieko
M
Diabetes & Endocrine Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan.
Eto
Masaaki
M
Nitta
Hayami
H
Kanda
Yukiko
Y
Shigeto
Makoto
M
Nakayama
Katsura
K
Tawaramoto
Kazuhito
K
Kawasaki
Fumiko
F
Kamei
Shinji
S
Kohara
Kenji
K
Matsuda
Masafumi
M
Matsuki
Michihiro
M
Kaku
Kohei
K
D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D003927:Diet, Diabetic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL