title: An autonomic nervous system biofeedback modality for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder--an open pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of a new non-invasive technique of non-cognitive biofeedback called Autonomic Nervous System Biofeedback Modality on the behavioral and attention parameters of a sample of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 subjects attending regular schools, who met DSM-IV criteria for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, received four sessions of Autonomic Nervous System Biofeedback Modality treatment. The heart rate variability was measured before and after the treatment, as were measures of efficacy including Conners' Teacher Questionnaires (28 items), the Child Behavior Check List for parents and teachers and Continuous Performance Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive treatment effect was observed in all the subjects. The parent's Child Behavior Check List and Conners' Teacher Questionnaires of the whole group showed statistically significant differences. The teacher's Child Behavior Check List showed positive change not reaching statistical significance. A positive correlation between heart rate variability changes and improvement of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These are preliminary findings of apparent efficacy of Autonomic Nervous System Biofeedback Modality treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Future controlled trials are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Child Psychiatry Clinic, S. Herzog Memorial Hospital, P.O. Box 35300, Jerusalem 91351, Israel. Jaques@cc.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Natella
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ben-Daniel
authors.forename: Galit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mei-Tal
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wertman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002648:Child; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires