title: Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations.
abstract: A 16-nation study involving 8,360 participants revealed that hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men, assessed by the Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1999), were (a) reliably measured across cultures, (b) positively correlated (for men and women, within samples and across nations) with each other and with hostile and benevolent sexism toward women (Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1996), and (c) negatively correlated with gender equality in cross-national comparisons. Stereotype measures indicated that men were viewed as having less positively valenced but more powerful traits than women. The authors argue that hostile as well as benevolent attitudes toward men reflect and support gender inequality by characterizing men as being designed for dominance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Lawrence University, Appleton, WI 54912-0599, USA. glickp@lawrence.edu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glick
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lameiras
authors.forename: Susan T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Fiske
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eckes
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Masser
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Manganelli
authors.forename: Jolynn C X
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pek
authors.forename: Li-Li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Nuray
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakalli-Ugurlu
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rodríguez Castro
authors.forename: Maria Luiza D'Avila
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Tineke M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: Annetje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Six-Materna
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D044362:Australasia; D026686:Beneficence; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003625:Data Collection; D005060:Europe; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007843:Latin America; D008297:Male; D008877:Middle East; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011287:Prejudice; D012737:Sex Factors; D013240:Stereotyping; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology