title: Evolution of photosynthesis: time-independent structure of the cytochrome b6f complex.
abstract: Structures of the cytochrome b(6)f complex obtained from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, whose appearance in evolution is separated by 10(9) years, are almost identical. Two monomers with a molecular weight of 110,000, containing eight subunits and seven natural prosthetic groups, are separated by a large lipid-containing "quinone exchange cavity". A unique heme, heme x, that is five-coordinated and high-spin, with no strong field ligand, occupies a position close to intramembrane heme b(n). This position is filled by the n-side bound quinone, Q(n), in the cytochrome bc(1) complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The structure and position of heme x suggest that it could function in ferredoxin-dependent cyclic electron transport as well as being an intermediate in a quinone cycle mechanism for electron and proton transfer. The significant differences between the cyanobacterial and algal structures are as follows. (i) On the n-side, a plastoquinone molecule is present in the quinone exchange cavity in the cyanobacterial complex, and a sulfolipid is bound in the algal complex at a position corresponding to a synthetic DOPC lipid molecule in the cyanobacterial complex. (ii) On the p-side, in both complexes a quinone analogue inhibitor, TDS, passes through a portal that separates the large cavity from a niche containing the Fe(2)S(2) cluster. However, in the cyanobacterial complex, TDS is in an orientation that is the opposite of its position in the algal structure and bc(1) complexes, so its headgroup in the M. laminosus structure is 20 A from the Fe(2)S(2) cluster.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, 915 West State Street, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA. wac@bilbo.bio.purdue.edu
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Huamin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiusheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Genji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kurisu
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D020418:Algal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D045346:Cytochrome b6f Complex / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010788:Photosynthesis; D011487:Protein Conformation; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020418:Algal Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D021122:Protein Subunits; D045346:Cytochrome b6f Complex