title: Excitation-neurogenesis coupling in adult neural stem/progenitor cells.
abstract: A wide variety of in vivo manipulations influence neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. It is not known, however, if adult neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) can intrinsically sense excitatory neural activity and thereby implement a direct coupling between excitation and neurogenesis. Moreover, the theoretical significance of activity-dependent neurogenesis in hippocampal-type memory processing networks has not been explored. Here we demonstrate that excitatory stimuli act directly on adult hippocampal NPCs to favor neuron production. The excitation is sensed via Ca(v)1.2/1.3 (L-type) Ca(2+) channels and NMDA receptors on the proliferating precursors. Excitation through this pathway acts to inhibit expression of the glial fate genes Hes1 and Id2 and increase expression of NeuroD, a positive regulator of neuronal differentiation. These activity-sensing properties of the adult NPCs, when applied as an "excitation-neurogenesis coupling rule" within a Hebbian neural network, predict significant advantages for both the temporary storage and the clearance of memories.
authors.affiliation: Nancy Pritzker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deisseroth
authors.forename: Sheela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singla
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monje
authors.forename: Theo D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Malenka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000072056:Transcription Factor HES-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C489735:Hes1 protein, rat; C497451:Id2 protein, rat; C093564:Neurogenic differentiation factor 1