title: Smoking prevents the expected postprandial increase in intestinal blood flow: a Doppler sonographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether cigarette smoking had an effect on superior mesenteric artery postprandial blood flow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six subjects were studied in 3 groups with Doppler sonography. Group A consisted of nonsmokers; groups B and C consisted of smokers. In group B, subjects were allowed to smoke cigarettes postprandially, whereas in group C, postprandial smoking was prohibited. A baseline Doppler evaluation was performed in the fasting state, and consecutive Doppler evaluations were performed postprandially with 30-min intervals for 120 minutes. Doppler sonographic measurements of the superior mesenteric artery, including peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities, resistive index, and diameter, were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by analysis of variance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All groups showed significant changes with time for all parameters (P < .001 for all). The changes in time were significantly different at 90 and 120 minutes for peak systolic velocity, at 90 minutes for end-diastolic velocity, and at 120 minutes for diameter between groups. Group B had the greatest differences. Compared with group A, changes in peak systolic velocity at 90 to 120 minutes were significantly lower in group B (P = .007 and .006, respectively), and compared with groups A and C, changes in end-diastolic velocity at 90 minutes (P = .006 and .004, respectively) and diameter at 120 minutes (P = .007 and .011, respectively) were significantly lower in group B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking immediately after meals was associated with a superior mesenteric artery blood flow increase that was lower than expected, which may explain the belief that smoking reduces body weight. Postprandial smoking may have undesired results in patients with chronic intestinal ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kirikkale University School of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel Hospital, Kirikkale, Turkey. birsenunal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Birsen
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.forename: Miyace Y K
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Bilgili
authors.forename: Sevda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Caglayan
authors.forename: Simay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler