title: The clinical application of monoclonal antibody therapies in renal transplantation.
abstract: Monoclonal antibodies have become valuable tools for the precise clinical manipulation of the immune system. These highly specific proteins have proven their usefulness in both the treatment and prevention of organ transplant rejection. Indeed, they are the centrepieces of many evolving regimens designed to reduce or eliminate the need for chronic immunosuppression. This manuscript will review the monoclonal antibodies that have made their way into the clinic either as experimental therapies or approved drugs. It will provide a general overview of this class of agents and their mechanisms of action. Standard therapies and potential new applications will be described.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Branch, National Institute of Diabets, Digestives and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Kiran K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Dhanireddy
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Roslyn B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mannon
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hale
authors.forename: Allan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kirk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology; D015195:Drug Design; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016853:Muromonab-CD3 / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007519:Isoantigens; D016853:Muromonab-CD3; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2