[Retinopathy of prematurity. Results of fundus examination performed in 94 preterm infants].
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants of birth weight less than 1.500 g and/or under 32 weeks'gestation.


METHODS
Ninety-four preterm infants were examined following the Royal College of Ophthalmologists guidelines and retinopathy was graded using the International Classification of ROP. Screening limits were 1 500 g birth weight or 32 weeks'gestational age. Fundus examinations for ROP were performed at 5 weeks'chronological age from birth. Pupil dilation was obtained with instillation of 1% tropicamide three times at 15-minute intervals.


RESULTS
The 94 infants examined for ROP had a median gestational age of 292.3 weeks and a median birth weight of 1 110340 g. ROP was diagnosed in 21 of 94 subjects (22.3%) by fundus examination. ROP stage 3 developed in one preterm infant, ROP stage 2 developed in five preterm infants, and ROP stage 1 developed in 15 preterm infants. No premature babies developed stage 4 or stage 5 ROP. The disease regressed spontaneously in all cases and none of the infants required cryo/laser therapy. In the most premature infants, 23-26 weeks'gestation, 57% developed ROP and one developed severe ROP (stage 3). No disease more posterior to peripheral zone 2 was observed. The incidence of ROP was higher in infants exposed to greater than 21% oxygen (24.2%) than in infants who did not receive oxygen (17.8%). Oxygen, blood transfusion, and cardiopathy appear to be associated with an increased incidence of retinopathy of prematurity.


CONCLUSIONS
ROP continues to be a common problem associated with prematurity in France. This study found a similar incidence of prethreshold ROP when compared to recent studies. The data showed that blood transfusion and cardiopathy may play a role in the development of ROP in premature infants.
Beby
F
F
Service d'Ophtalmologie, Pavillon C, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon cedex 03.
Burillon
C
C
Putet
G
G
Denis
Ph
P
D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D010100:Oxygen / Q000009:adverse effects; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
D010100:Oxygen