title: Prevention of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by nonmyeloablative allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice can be prevented by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from diabetes-resistant murine strains. Donor-specific tolerance can also be induced by BMT; however, clinical application of nonmyeloablative conditioning prior to BMT may be essential for reducing transplant-related toxicity and mortality. In this study, we have attempted to treat autoimmunity using a new nonmyeloablative regimen for BMT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Naïve NOD were irradiated with 650 cGy and injected intravenously (i.v.) with splenocytes from overtly diabetic NOD mice for induction of diabetes mellitus. Three days later, experimental mice received allogeneic C57BL/6 or (C57BL/6 x BALB/c) F1 bone marrow (BM) cells i.v. for intentional activation of donor-reactive cells, and 24 hours later intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CY) for selective depletion of alloreactive cells. In order to induce chimerism, recipients were given a second IV inoculum of donor BM 1 day after CY.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our method of nonmyeloablative BMT converted recipients to full or to mixed chimeras and prevented development of diabetes. Although NOD mice treated with 200 mg/kg CY died of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD), we observed diabetes-free survival for >300 days in 90% of C57BL/6 --> NOD BM chimeras treated with 60 mg/kg CY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that allogeneic BMT after reduced-intensity conditioning based on deletion of activated donor-reactive host cells by means low-dose CY results in prevention of autoimmune diabetes by converting recipients to stable, GVHD-free BM chimeras.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, The Cancer Immunotherapy & Cancer Immunobiology Research Center, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elkin
authors.forename: Tatyana B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Prigozhina
authors.forename: Shimon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Slavin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide