title: Vulnerability to malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS infection and disease. Part II: Determinants operating at environmental and institutional level.
abstract: This review summarises a wide range of evidence about environmental and institutional factors that influence vulnerability to malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV infection. By combining this information with that obtained on factors operating at individual, household, and community level, we have identified potential common strategies for improving resilience to all three diseases simultaneously. These strategies depend on collaborations with non-health sectors and include progress in rapid access to funds, provision of education about disease transmission and management, reduction of the burden on carers (predominantly women), and improvement in the quality of health services.
authors.affiliation: University of Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK. ibates@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: Imelda
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fenton
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gruber
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lalloo
authors.forename: Antonieta Medina
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: S Bertel
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Squire
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Theobald
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tolhurst
mesh_terms: D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations