New formulations of existing antidepressants: advantages in the management of depression.
For nearly 50 years, antidepressant drugs have been the first-line treatment for various forms of depression. Despite their widespread use, these medications have significant shortcomings, in particular problems of patient compliance due to adverse effects. The introduction of new formulations of existing antidepressant medications may provide patients with benefits in terms of convenience of use. As a consequence, improvements in compliance may lead to better antidepressant efficiency.An orally disintegrating formulation of mirtazapine (mirtazapine SolTab), a once-weekly formulation of fluoxetine, an enantiomer-specific formulation of citalopram (escitalopram), an extended-release formulation of venlafaxine (venlafaxine XR), a controlled-release formulation of paroxetine (paroxetine CR) and intravenous formulations of some of the newer antidepressants have all been evaluated in limited clinical trials. In this article, a review of the pharmacokinetics and clinical evaluations of these formulations is presented. While there do not appear to be major clinical advantages for the new formulations in terms of antidepressant efficacy, none of them is less efficacious than their older counterpart. Indeed, some of the new formulations are more acceptable to patients (fluoxetine once-weekly, paroxetine CR), others have pharmacokinetic advantages (venlafaxine XR, paroxetine CR), while others may have a faster onset of effect (mirtazapine SolTab, intravenous formulations). Further evaluation of some formulations is still required (mirtazapine SolTab, fluoxetine once-weekly), while others (venlafaxine XR, escitalopram) are finding widespread acceptance in clinical practice.
Norman
Trevor R
TR
Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin & Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia. trevorn@unimelb.edu.au
Olver
James S
JS
D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008803:Mianserin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000078785:Mirtazapine; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005473:Fluoxetine; D008803:Mianserin; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; D000078785:Mirtazapine