title: The Hungarian periconceptional service as a model for community genetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This review describes the methods and results of the Hungarian periconceptional service consisting of counselling, examinations and medical interventions. (The term periconceptional is used instead of preconceptional because the early postconceptional period is also involved to this service.)
  
  
  METHODS
  The service was based on three steps: check-up examination of reproductive health (i.e., preconceptional screenings), a 3-month preparation for conception, dispensed and/or supervised by qualified nurses, and a better protection in early pregnancy for the most sensitive early development of the embryo for voluntary and eligible couples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experiences from the coordinating centre of the Hungarian periconceptional service are summarized between February 1, 1984, and January 31, 1999, thus 15 years. Participants with positive family histories, case histories and subjects with genito-urinary infections had a more effective flow towards secondary care. Infertile couples were diagnosed and treated sooner. The periconceptional service is effective for the introduction of periconceptional folic acid-containing multivitamin supplementation and for the reduction of smoking and alcohol consumption in females in the preconceptional period. The rate of major congenital abnormalities (20.6 per 1,000) was significantly lower than expected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The periconceptional service is feasible and has many benefits. Thus, proper preparation for conception is the earliest and probably the most important effort to prevent genetic diseases.
authors.affiliation: WHO Collaborating Centre for the Community Control of Hereditary Diseases, Family Planning Centre, Budapest, Hungary. czeizel@oki.joboki.hu
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Czeizel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dobó
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dudás
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gasztonyi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lantos