title: Breaking the sod: humankind, history, and soil.
abstract: For most of history, few things have mattered more to human communities than their relations with soil, because soil provided most of their food and nutrients. Accordingly, some of the earliest written documents were agricultural manuals intended to organize, preserve, and impart soil knowledge. Indeed, ancient civilizations often worshipped the soil as the foundry of life itself. For the past century or two, nothing has mattered more for soils than their relations with human communities, because human action inadvertently ratcheted up rates of soil erosion and, both intentionally and unintentionally, rerouted nutrient flows.
authors.affiliation: Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Intercultural Center 600, Box 571035, Georgetown University, 3700 O Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20057-1035, USA. mcneillj@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Winiwarter
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000266:history*; D002962:Civilization; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000266:history; D018556:Crops, Agricultural / Q000254:growth & development; D017753:Ecosystem; D005308:Fertilizers; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D011158:Population Growth; D012987:Soil; D014507:Urbanization
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D012987:Soil; D009584:Nitrogen