title: The effect of Perasafe and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) against spores of Clostridium difficile and Bacillus atrophaeus on stainless steel and polyvinyl chloride surfaces.
abstract: Clostridium difficile is an important cause of nosocomial diarrhoea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for Perasafe, a recently introduced biocide, to contribute to control of C. difficile spores in the patient environment, in comparison with the chlorine-releasing agent sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC). These agents were evaluated against a water control, in a surface test on stainless steel and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) floor covering, materials commonly found in the hospital environment. The organisms studied were a toxigenic clinical isolate of C. difficile, and Bacillus atrophaeus (formerly B. subtilis var niger). The data indicate that in our in vitro system, Perasafe was significantly more active than NaDCC (1000 ppm available chlorine) against C. difficile spores dried on stainless steel surfaces, and against B. atrophaeus on PVC floor covering material, achieving mean log10 reduction factors in viable counts of 6 and 5.5, respectively, at 10 min exposures. Perasafe appeared to be less lethal in 10 min exposures to C. difficile spores fixed on PVC floor covering material. In general, 1000 ppm chlorine generated from NaDCC showed lower log10 reduction factors in viable counts at 10 min, ranging from 0.7 to 1.5, than Perasafe which ranged from 2.7 to 6.0. The potential efficacy of Perasafe in reducing the density of C. difficile spores in the patient environment in hospitals, nursing homes or other long-stay facilities should be evaluated in field studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hadassah-University Hospital, PO Box 12000, Jerusalem, Israel. block@md.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Block
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D012996:Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects; D013193:Stainless Steel; D014227:Triazines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D012996:Solutions; D014227:Triazines; D013193:Stainless Steel; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D010463:Peracetic Acid; C011765:troclosene; D019342:Acetic Acid