title: Brainstem and cranial nerve abnormalities: listeriosis, otitis media/interna, and pituitary abscess syndrome.
abstract: This article reviews three disorders associated with multiple asymmetric cranial nerve deficits in ruminants: encephalitic listeriosis,otitis media/interna, and pituitary abscess syndrome. Emphasis is placed on encephalitic listeriosis, an infectious disease of the brainstem and cranial nerves caused by Listeria monocytogenes. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis,and treatment of encephalitic listeriosis are reviewed, and differences between cattle and small ruminants are noted. Physical and neurologic examination findings that distinguish otitis media/interna and pituitary abscess syndrome from encephalitic listeriosis are highlighted.
authors.affiliation: Farm Animal Reproduction, Medicine, and Surgery Section, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, 218 Large Animal Clinic, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA. d-morin@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Dawn E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D008584:Meningitis, Listeria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010900:Pituitary Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D012418:Ruminants; D013577:Syndrome