title: Induction of oxidative stress by endosulfan and protective effect of lipid-soluble antioxidants against endosulfan-induced oxidative damage.
abstract: The toxic mechanism of endosulfan, a widely used organochlorine pesticide, was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cell lines. A concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed when S. cerevisiae was exposed to endosulfan, and its cytotoxicity (IC(50)) was found to be 49 microM and 86 microM in HepG2 and HeLa human cell lines, respectively. The treatment of S. cerevisiae with endosulfan resulted in oxidative damage, as demonstrated by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) production, in a dose-dependent manner, and the growth inhibition was recovered by treatment with lipid-soluble antioxidants, such as alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene, suggesting that endosulfan toxicity may be closely associated with endosulfan-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The inhibition of cellular respiration by endosulfan treatment and the recovery of respiration activity by antioxidant treatment confirmed that endosulfan induces oxidative stress and inhibits respiration via ROS generation. These results suggest that unicellular yeast might provide a useful system for elucidating the toxicity of endosulfan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, South Korea. hysohn@andong.ac.kr
authors.forename: Ho-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Chong-Suk
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Gi-Seok
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jung-Bok
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eungbin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000633:toxicity*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007306:Insecticides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D019207:beta Carotene; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D004726:Endosulfan