title: Immunohistochemical localization and expression of fibromodulin in adult rat periodontium and inflamed human gingiva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and expression of fibromodulin in adult rat periodontal tissues and inflamed human gingiva.
  
  
  METHODS
  The distribution of fibromodulin in rat molar periodontium and human gingival tissue was studied by immunohistochemistry. The expression of fibromodulin mRNA from human gingival fibroblasts, periodontal ligament fibroblasts and osteoblasts was studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For comparative purposes, the distribution and mRNA expression of collagen types I and III, as well as the two small leucine-rich proteoglycans decorin and biglycan were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the adult rat periodontium, fibromodulin was distributed in the suprabasal gingival epithelium, gingival and periodontal fibroblasts as well as their surrounding extracellular matrices. Strong expression was noted in the palatal gingival tissues and the interfaces of the periodontal ligament with alveolar bone and cementum. In human gingival tissues, staining of fibromodulin was detected in the connective tissue of inflamed gingiva associated with both gingivitis and periodontitis; whereas, weak staining for this molecule was noted in healthy gingival tissues. The expression of mRNA for fibromodulin was strongest in the cultured osteoblasts. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts showed only a weak level of expression for fibromodulin mRNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fibromodulin is differentially expressed throughout the periodontium being primarily associated with collagen type I in non-mineralized sites. In addition fibromodulin showed an upregulation in inflamed gingival tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bartold
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D000071235:Fibromodulin; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D010519:Periodontium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D024042:Collagen Type I; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C000604330:FMOD protein, human; C000604334:Fmod protein, rat; D011509:Proteoglycans; D000071235:Fibromodulin