title: Regression of carotid atherosclerosis by control of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postprandial hyperglycemia may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We compared the effects of two insulin secretagogues, repaglinide and glyburide, known to have different efficacy on postprandial hyperglycemia, on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and markers of systemic vascular inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed a randomized, single-blind trial on 175 drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (93 men and 82 women), 35 to 70 years of age, selected from a population of 401 patients who participated in an epidemiological analysis assessing the relation of postprandial hyperglycemia to surrogate measures of atherosclerosis. Eighty-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive repaglinide and 87 patients to glyburide, with a titration period of 6 to 8 weeks for optimization of drug dosage and a subsequent 12-month treatment period. The effects of repaglinide (1.5 to 12 mg/d) and glyburide (5 to 20 mg/d) on CIMT were compared by using blinded, serial assessments of the far wall. After 12 months, postprandial glucose peak was 148+/-28 mg/dL in the repaglinide group and 180+/-32 mg/dL in the glyburide group (P<0.01). HbA(1c) showed a similar decrease in both groups (-0.9%). CIMT regression, defined as a decrease of >0.020 mm, was observed in 52% of diabetics receiving repaglinide and in 18% of those receiving glyburide (P<0.01). Interleukin-6 (P=0.04) and C-reactive protein (P=0.02) decreased more in the repaglinide group than in the glyburide group. The reduction in CIMT was associated with changes in postprandial but not fasting hyperglycemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic patients is associated with CIMT regression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatrics and Metabolic Diseases, Policlinico Universitario, Piazza L. Miraglia, 80138 Naples, Italy. dario.giugliano@unina2.it
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giugliano
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nappo
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marfella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002219:Carbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019518:Postprandial Period; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002219:Carbamates; D005905:Glyburide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D010880:Piperidines; C072379:repaglinide