title: Outpatient drug expenditures and prescription policies for diseases with high cost to the National Health Insurance system in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The high cost of drugs, particularly those used to treat upper respiratory tract infections, is an increasingly important problem for the National Health Insurance system in Taiwan. This study proposed a new classification scheme for reimbursing drug cost and estimated its impact on expenditures and health care utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from the National Health Research Institutes' year 2000 computer file of the National Health Insurance Academic Research Database in Taiwan. Two factors were used to classify medications: 1) urgency of medications required; and 2) patient's self-care ability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 10 diseases with the highest number of outpatient department (OPD) visits, 7 were upper respiratory diseases. Acute upper respiratory infections (URIs) and acute nasopharyngitis were the 2 diseases with the highest number of OPD visits. Drug expenditure for acute URIs is about 6% of total expenditure for drugs. Medications suitable for URIs patients' self-care accounted for 42.8% of the total cost of prescribed drugs for these illnesses, and treatment medications unsuitable for patients' self-care accounted for 48.6%. Other medications used for URIs could not be grouped into these categories. The total expenditure for acute nasopharyngitis was about 1.3% of total expenditure for drugs. Medications suitable for self-care in patients with nasopharyngitis accounted for 51.8% of the total cost of medication prescribed for this illness, and medications unsuitable for patients' self-care accounted for 36.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reducing the medications suitable for patients' self-care and enforcing different levels of payment rates on medications unsuitable for patients' self-care may reduce the excessive use of OPD drugs, improve the appropriateness of utilization for acute URIs and the common cold, and allow medical resources to be distributed more efficiently.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hospital and Health Care Administration, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hui-Chu
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Mei-Shu
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Gau-Tzu
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics*; D019992:Databases as Topic; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D013624:Taiwan