title: Comparison of aerosol therapy with different perfluorocarbons in surfactant-depleted animals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study investigates the effectiveness of aerosol treatment on gas exchange and pulmonary inflammatory reaction using perfluorocarbons with different molecular structure and vapor pressure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental, prospective, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental laboratory at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty anesthetized neonatal piglets assigned to four groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  After establishment of lung injury by bronchoalveolar lavage, piglets either received aerosolized FC77 (n = 5), perfluorooctylbromide (n = 5), or FC43 (n = 5, 10 mL x kg(-1) x hr(-1) for 2 hrs) or intermittent mandatory ventilation (control, n = 5). Thereafter, animals were supported for another 6 hrs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pao2 significantly improved in the perfluorocarbon groups compared with control (p < .01). Final Pao2 (mean +/- SEM) was FC77, 406 +/- 27 mm Hg; perfluorooctylbromide, 332 +/- 32 mm Hg; FC43, 406 +/- 19 mm Hg; control, 68 +/- 8 mm Hg. Paco2 and mean pulmonary arterial pressure were lower in all perfluorocarbon groups compared with control. The ratio of terminal dynamic compliance to total compliance was significantly higher in the FC77 than in the FC43, perfluorooctylbromide, and control groups. Relative gene expression of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-8, P-selectin, E-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in lung tissue was determined by TaqMan real time polymerase chain reaction normalized to hypoxanthineguanine-phosphoribosyl-transferase and was shown to be reduced by all perfluorocarbons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerosol treatment with all the perfluorocarbons investigated improved gas exchange and reduced pulmonary inflammatory reaction independently from molecular structure and vapor pressure of the perfluorocarbons. Although differences in vapor pressure and molecular structure may account for varying optimal dosing strategies, several different perfluorocarbons were shown to be principally suitable for aerosol treatment.
authors.affiliation: Klinik for Kinder und Jugendliche, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: von der Hardt
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kandler
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brenn
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheuerer
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schoof
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dötsch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rascher
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007249:Inflammation; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D021061:Liquid Ventilation; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D019040:E-Selectin; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019007:P-Selectin; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; C429307:fluorocarbon 77; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C008807:perfluorotributylamine; C003072:perflubron