title: Hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in Kelantan.
abstract: Two thousand five hundred and eight subjects from the state of Kelantan in North-East Peninsular Malaysia were included in this study to determine the prevalence of hypertension and their association with cardiovascular risk factors. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 13.9%. There was no difference in the prevalence of hypertension between the males and females. The prevalence increased with age--the highest being in those above 70-years old. Subjects with hypertension also had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (19.0%), obesity (39.4%) and hypercholesterolaemia (70.7%) than non-hypertensive subjects. Of the hypertensive subjects, 83.3% had 1 other risk factor for cardiovascular disease, 66.7% had 2 other risk factors and 16.7% had more than 2 risk factors. Other than age, body mass index, plasma glucose, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, hypertensive subjects also had a higher mean serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and triglyceride than non-hypertensive subjects. In conclusion, hypertension is a common disease in this area and is associated with multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence is likely to increase in the near future with increasing affluence and becoming a major health problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mafauzy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mokhtar
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Wan Mohamad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies