A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus protein, U274, is transported to the cell surface and undergoes endocytosis.
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genome contains open reading frames (ORFs) that encode for several genes that are homologous to proteins found in all known coronaviruses. These are the replicase gene 1a/1b and the four structural proteins, nucleocapsid (N), spike (S), membrane (M), and envelope (E), and these proteins are expected to be essential for the replication of the virus. In addition, this genome also contains nine other potential ORFs varying in length from 39 to 274 amino acids. The largest among these is the first ORF of the second longest subgenomic RNA, and this protein (termed U274 in the present study) consists of 274 amino acids and contains three putative transmembrane domains. Using antibody specific for the C terminus of U274, we show U274 to be expressed in SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells and, in addition to the full-length protein, two other processed forms were also detected. By indirect immunofluorescence, U274 was localized to the perinuclear region, as well as to the plasma membrane, in both transfected and infected cells. Using an N terminus myc-tagged U274, the topology of U274 and its expression on the cell surface were confirmed. Deletion of a cytoplasmic domain of U274, which contains Yxxphi and diacidic motifs, abolished its transport to the cell surface. In addition, U274 expressed on the cell surface can internalize antibodies from the culture medium into the cells. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments also showed that U274 could interact specifically with the M, E, and S structural proteins, as well as with U122, another protein that is unique to SARS-CoV.
Tan
Yee-Joo
YJ
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Dr., Singapore 117609, Singapore. mcbtanyj@imcb.nus.edu.sg
Teng
Eileen
E
Shen
Shuo
S
Tan
Timothy H P
TH
Goh
Phuay-Yee
PY
Fielding
Burtram C
BC
Ooi
Eng-Eong
EE
Tan
Hwee-Cheng
HC
Lim
Seng Gee
SG
Hong
Wanjin
W
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004705:Endocytosis; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D011817:Rabbits; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014162:Transfection; D014709:Vero Cells; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; C487682:U274 protein, SARS virus; D014764:Viral Proteins