title: The antisocial attitudes and associates of sex offenders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Meta-analyses have demonstrated that attitudes and associates (peer group behaviour) are among the best predictors of antisocial behaviour in offender populations. Research on sex offender attitudes has typically focused on sex-related content and not antisocial attitudes in general. This study investigates the antisocial attitudes of sex offenders by comparing them with non-sex offenders on responses to the Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The MCAA comprises two parts. Part A is a quantified self-report measure of criminal friends. Part B contains four attitude scales: Violence, Entitlement, Antisocial Intent and Associates. Ninety sex offenders were compared with 119 nonsex offenders on their endorsement of the MCAA and criminal history.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sex offenders endorsed fewer antisocial attitudes, reported fewer criminal friends and had fewer incarcerations than did non-sex offenders. Rapists endorsed antisocial attitudes more than did child molesters and incest offenders. However, these differences disappeared on controlling for age. A finding of fewer previous incarcerations among sex offenders was robust even controlling for age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MCAA appears to be a reliable and valid instrument with sex offender samples. General antisocial attitudes appear to have a similar relationship with criminal history for both sex offenders and non-sex offenders, and should not be ignored in future studies or clinical practice. While a general sense of entitlement was not associated with sex offending per se, its stronger association with incarceration among sex offenders than non-sex offenders might suggest that this has the potential for identifying an important, perhaps more serious sub-group of sex offenders.
authors.affiliation: Bath Institution, Ontario, Canada. Millsjf@csc-scc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Jeremy F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Daryl G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kroner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010379:Peer Group; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*