title: Parkin attenuates manganese-induced dopaminergic cell death.
abstract: Manganese as environmental factor is considered to cause parkinsonism and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated dopaminergic cell death. We examined the effects of manganese on parkin, identified as the gene responsible for familial Parkinson's disease, and the role of parkin in manganese-induced neuronal cell death. Manganese dose-dependently induced cell death of dopaminergic SH-SY5Y and CATH.a cells and cholinergic Neuro-2a cells, and that the former two cell types were more sensitive to manganese toxicity than Neuro-2a cells. Moreover, manganese increased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated genes, including parkin, in SH-SY5Y cells and CATH.a cells, but not in Neuro-2a cells. Treatment with manganese resulted in accumulation of parkin protein in SH-SY5Y cells and its redistribution to the perinuclear region, especially aggregated Golgi complex, while in Neuro-2a cells neither expression nor redistribution of parkin was noted. Manganese showed no changes in proteasome activities in either cell. Transient transfection of parkin gene inhibited manganese- or manganese plus dopamine-induced cell death of SH-SY5Y cells, but not of Neuro-2a cells. Our results suggest that the attenuating effects of parkin against manganese- or manganese plus dopamine-induced cell death are dopaminergic cell-specific compensatory reactions associated with its accumulation and redistribution to perinuclear regions but not with proteasome system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Brain Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Youichirou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.forename: Ikuko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016373:DNA, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008345:Manganese / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020149:Manganese Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D014162:Transfection; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016373:DNA, Antisense; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D008345:Manganese; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C111567:parkin protein; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000109:Acetylcholine; D004298:Dopamine