title: Development of a novel self-medicating applicator for control of internal and external parasites of wild and domestic animals.
abstract: Four trials, three in the United States and one in South Africa, were conducted to evaluate the potential value of a novel self-medicating applicator in the passive control of gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle and deer, and of files and ticks on cattle using oil-based treatments. The results of the trials demonstrated that this applicator is an effective and practical device for the passive treatment of both deer and cattle for trichostrongyle infections using the endectocide, moxidectin (Cydectin. Fort Dodge Animal Health, USA), of cattle for hom fly (Haemotobia irritans) infestations using the insecticide, cyfluthrin (CyLence, Bayer AG, Germany) and of cattle for tick infestations (in particular Amblyomma hebraeum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) using the acaricides deltamethrin and amitraz (Delete All, Intervet, South Africa).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, P. O. Box 110880, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0880, USA.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Burridge
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Naudé
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Malan
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000469:parasitology*; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000469:parasitology*; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002417:Cattle; D003670:Deer; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004478:Ectoparasitic Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D009570:Nitriles; D010574:Pesticide Synergists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011897:Random Allocation; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods; D013984:Tick Infestations / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D014052:Toluidines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; D009570:Nitriles; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014052:Toluidines; C017180:decamethrin; C014983:amitraz; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; C027837:moxidectin; C052570:cyfluthrin