title: Cortical relay time for long latency reflexes in patients with definite multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Long latency reflexes (LLR) include afferent sensory, efferent motor and central transcortical pathways. It is supposed that the cortical relay time (CRT) reflects the conduction of central transcortical loop of LLR. Recently, evidence related to the cortical involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been reported in some studies. Our aim was to investigate the CRT alterations in patients with MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Upper extremity motor evoked potentials (MEP), somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and LLR were tested in 28 patients with MS and control subjects (n=22). The patients with MS were classified according to the clinical form (relapsing-remitting [R-R] and progressive groups). The MS patients with secondary progressive and primary progressive forms were considered as the "progressive" group. CRT for LLR was calculated by subtracting the peak latency of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and that of motor evoked potentials (MEP) by transcranial magnetic stimulation from the onset latency of the second component of LLR (LLR2) (CRT = LLR2 - [MEP latency + N20 latency])
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cortical relay time was calculated as 7.4 +/- 0.9 ms in control subjects. Cortical relay time was prolonged in patients with MS (11.2 +/- 2.9 ms) (p<0.0001). The latencies of LLR, MEP and SEP were also prolonged in patients with MS. Cortical relay time was not correlated with disease severity and clinical form in contrast to other tests.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggested that CRT can be a valuable electrophysiological tool in patients with MS. Involvement of extracortical neural circuits between sensory and motor cortices or cortical involvement due to MS may cause these findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey.
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tataroglu
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.forename: Egemen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Idiman
authors.forename: Raif
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cakmur
authors.forename: Fethi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Idiman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors