The thiol reactivity of the oxidation product of 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one containing flavonoids.
Flavonoids are assumed to have beneficial effects due to their antioxidant properties. The catechol moiety present in numerous flavonoids is oxidized during the antioxidative reaction yielding a quinone. Quinones are toxic due to their ability to react, e.g. with thiol groups. The 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one group is another antioxidant pharmacophor in certain flavonoids. During the antioxidative reaction this group is also oxidized. The aim of the present study is to determine the thiol reactivity of this oxidized group. Galangin is a flavonoid that only contains the 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one group as the antioxidant pharmacophor. Incubation of galangin with horseradish peroxidase/H(2)O(2) leads to an oxidation product which after addition of glutathione is instantaneously converted to an adduct. Based on these results it is expected that--similar to the catechol containing antioxidants--the 3,5,7-trihydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one containing antioxidants shift the damage provoked by oxidative stress from lipid peroxidation to thiol arylation. This should be considered in application of these types of antioxidants.
Michels
G
G
Institute of Toxicology, University of Düsseldorf, P.O. Box 101007, 4001 Duesseldorf, Germany.
Haenen
G R M M
GR
Wätjen
W
W
Rietjens
S
S
Bast
A
A
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011794:Quercetin / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D007527:Isoenzymes; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C037032:galangin; D011794:Quercetin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C496558:Gstp1 protein, rat; D005978:Glutathione