title: Screening flexible sigmoidoscopy using an upper endoscope is better tolerated by women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) is a commonly used method for colorectal cancer screening. Women are more likely than men to have a FS with a limited depth of insertion, in part due to differences of anatomy and perception of pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this prospective single-blinded randomized clinical study is to assess satisfaction in women undergoing screening FS using an upper endoscope (E, diameter 9.8 mm) versus a standard sigmoidoscope (S, diameter 13.3 mm) as measured by pain and discomfort and overall satisfaction using a validated survey instrument. Secondary endpoints of FS efficacy included the depth of insertion of the instrument, frequency of polyp detection, and complication rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 160 asymptomatic women undergoing screening FS were entered over a 4-month period (July through November 2002). All procedures were performed by two experienced physician assistants. The two groups were of similar age (E = 57.5, S = 58.2, p= 0.579) and had a similar rate of previous abdominal surgery (E = 51.2%, S = 45.0%, p= 0.428) or hysterectomy (E = 34.2%, S = 26.3%, p= 0.274). Depth of insertion of the scope was 54.5 cm (+/-9.2 cm) with the E and 51.6 cm (+/- 10.3 cm) with the S (p= 0.058). Polyps were found more frequently in the study group (18.3%) compared with the control group (p= 10.2%) though this did not reach statistical significance (p= 0.131). Overall satisfaction with FS was similar in both groups (p= 0.694) but pain and discomfort were less in the patients undergoing FS using the E (p= 0.006). Controlling for age and previous surgery the differences in pain scores remained significant (p= 0.035). Endoscopist assessment of procedure difficulty (p= 0.726) and complication rates (p= 0.614) was equivalent. Controlling for the presence of polyps, the total duration for the procedure was 7.2 min in the E group and 5.7 min in the S group (p= 0.008). There were no significant differences between women with and without hysterectomy on either overall satisfaction or pain and discomfort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening FS in women using an upper endoscope is a feasible approach to colorectal cancer screening. Patients screened with an upper endoscope reported less pain and discomfort compared to standard sigmoidoscope while overall satisfaction did not differ. The trend toward increased polyp detection in patients undergoing FS with an upper endoscope may be related to a more thorough examination due to less patient discomfort and/or an increased depth of insertion of the upper endoscope. Thinner, more flexible endoscopes should be considered when performing screening FS in women.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Francis A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Farraye
authors.forename: Kimberlee
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hersey
authors.forename: Yvona
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Trnka
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heeren
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Provenzale
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020694:Sigmoidoscopes; D016037:Single-Blind Method