title: Antimicrobial resistance in commensal flora of pig farmers.
abstract: We assessed the quantitative contribution of pig farming to antimicrobial resistance in the commensal flora of pig farmers by comparing 113 healthy pig farmers from the major French porcine production areas to 113 nonfarmers, each matched for sex, age, and county of residence. All reported that they had not taken antiimicrobial agents within the previous month. Throat, nasal, and fecal swabs were screened for resistant microorganisms on agar containing selected antimicrobial agents. Nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly more frequent in pig farmers, as was macrolide resistance of S. aureus from carriers. Nongroupable streptococci from the throat were more resistant to the penicillins in pig farmers. The intestinal isolation of enterococci resistant to erythromycin or vancomycin was not significantly higher in pig farmers in contrast to that of enterobacteria resistant to nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and streptomycin. Prevalence of resistance in predominant fecal enterobacteria was also significantly higher in pig farmers for cotrimoxazole, tetracycline, streptomycin, and nalidixic acid. We determined a significant association between pig farming and isolation of resistant commensal bacteria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Public Health, Saint-Maurice, France.
authors.forename: Hélène
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aubry-Damon
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Grenet
authors.forename: Penda
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sall-Ndiaye
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Che
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.forename: Marie-Elisabeth
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bougnoux
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rigaud
authors.forename: Yann
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Strat
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lemanissier
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Armand-Lefèvre
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delzescaux
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Desenclos
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liénard
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andremont
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents