title: Prognostic value of remnant-like lipoprotein particle levels in patients with coronary artery disease and type II diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study prospectively examined whether the levels of high remnant-like lipoprotein particles (RLP) cholesterol have a significant risk and influence prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type II diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Several studies have shown that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins contribute to atherosclerotic complications in type II DM. However, it remains to be established which triglyceride-rich lipoproteins contribute to this risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of RLP cholesterol in fasting serum were measured by an immunoseparation method in 240 type II DM patients with (n = 120) or without (n = 120) CAD. The patients with CAD were followed up for a period of < or =24 months until the occurrence of one of the following clinical coronary events: re-admission or coronary revascularization due to recurrent or refractory angina pectoris, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or cardiac death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with CAD had higher RLP levels than patients without CAD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high RLP cholesterol levels (>4.7 mg cholesterol/dl, representing the 75th percentile of the distribution of RLP cholesterol levels in control subjects) were a significant risk factor for the presence of CAD, independent of traditional risk factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that higher RLP cholesterol levels in patients with CAD resulted in a significantly higher probability for the development of coronary events. Multivariate Cox hazards analysis showed that high RLP cholesterol levels in patients with CAD were a significant predictor of future coronary events, independent of other risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased levels of RLP cholesterol are a significant and independent risk factor of CAD and predict future coronary events in patients with CAD and type II DM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kugiyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000378:metabolism*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010316:Particle Size; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin