title: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use among patients with GI bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have suggested that recommended gastroprotective strategies such as gastroprotective agents (GPAs) and cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 inhibitors may be underutilized among individuals at risk for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-related gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the use of traditional NSAIDs, COX-2 inhibitors, and GPAs among patients recently hospitalized for GI bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective cohort study of a national sample of 4338 veterans hospitalized for GI bleeding between January and June 1999. Prescription drug use was examined for 6 months following hospitalization. We examined relationships of subject characteristics (age, race, gender, geographic region, diagnosis of arthritis) to prescription of a high-risk NSAID, defined as a traditional NSAID but no GPA within 60 days before or after the NSAID.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately 20% of subjects were prescribed an NSAID or COX-2 inhibitor, but only 5% were prescribed a traditional NSAID with no GPA. In a multivariable analysis, subjects <65 years of age and those with arthritis were more likely to be prescribed a traditional NSAID without a GPA. No other subject characteristics were related to receipt of a high-risk prescription.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a national sample of veterans with a recent hospitalization for GI bleeding, high-risk NSAID prescriptions were uncommon. Underuse of gastroprotective strategies may be more common in patients with less recent GI bleeding-related hospitalization. Strategies to remind physicians and pharmacists to screen for GI risk factors may help to sustain appropriate prescribing and reduce NSAID-related adverse events.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Durham, NC 27705-3897, USA. domin004@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Kelli L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Dominick
authors.forename: Hayden B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bosworth
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Jeffreys
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Grambow
authors.forename: Eugene Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Oddone
authors.forename: Ronnie D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Horner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014728:Veterans
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases