title: Inhibition of ruminal microbial methane production by beta-cyclodextrin iodopropane, malate and their combination in vitro.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of l-malate (0, 5, 10 and 20 mm), 2-iodopropane-beta-cyclodextrin complex (CD-IP) (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mm) and a combination of malate (10 and 20 mm) plus CD-IP (0.2 and 0.4 mm) on methane production from corn starch. Ruminal fluid was collected from dairy cows, mixed with phosphate buffer (1 : 2) and incubated (30 ml) anaerobically at 38 degrees C for 6 h with or without additives. Fermentation of corn starch in the presence of malate resulted in an increase (p < 0.05) in pH of the medium, total volatile fatty acid (VFA), total gas production and molar proportion of propionate. Acetate and ammonia-N concentration were unchanged. Methane production was decreased (p < 0.05) (15.5 to 20.4%). Addition of CD-IP in corn starch resulted in an increase (p < 0.05) in total VFA and molar proportion of propionate. Acetate, pH and ammonia-N concentration of the medium were decreased (p < 0.05). Total gas production was unchanged. Methane production was decreased (p < 0.05) (25.2 to 97.1%) and hydrogen production was increased (p < 0.05). Addition of l-malate to CD-IP resulted in an increase (p < 0.05) in total VFA, total gas production and molar proportion of propionate. Acetate and ammonia-N concentration were decreased (p < 0.05). No effects were observed on medium pH. Methane production was decreased (p < 0.05) (49.5 to 97.1%). Hydrogen production was also decreased (p < 0.05) (54.5 to 64.1%) compared with those of CD-IP alone. Therefore, these additives may be used as supplements to inhibit methane production as well as to improve rumen fermentation and animal performance.
authors.affiliation: Bio Research Corporation of Yokohama, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: Z A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Lila
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ajisaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikuni
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itabashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008293:Malates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D008697:Methane / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D008293:Malates; D013213:Starch; D008697:Methane