title: [Establishment and expression of embryonic axes: comparisons between different model organisms].
abstract: In an accompanying article (C. Sardet et al. m/s 2004; 20 : 414-423) we reviewed determinants of polarity in early development and the mechanisms which regulate their localization and expression. Such determinants have for the moment been identified in only a few species: the insect Drosophila melanogaster, the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the frog Xenopus laevis and the ascidians Ciona intestinalis and Holocynthia roretzi. Although oogenesis, fertilization, and cell divisions in these embryos differ considerably, with respect to early polarities certain common themes emerge, such as the importance of cortical mRNAs, the PAR polarity proteins, and reorganizations mediated by the cytoskeleton. Here we highlight similarities and differences in axis establishment between these species, describing them in a chronological order from oocyte to gastrula, and add two more classical model organisms, sea urchin and mouse, to complete the comparisons depicted in the form of a Poster which can be downloaded from the site http://biodev.obs-vlfr.fr/biomarcell.
authors.affiliation: BioMarCell, Laboratoire de biologie du développement, UMR 7009 CNRS-UPMC, Observatoire, Station zoologique, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prodon
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Prulière
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chenevert
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sardet
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians; D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D004707:Endoderm / Q000502:physiology; D005775:Gastrula / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D010802:Phylogeny