title: Novel role for Netrins in regulating epithelial behavior during lung branching morphogenesis.
abstract: The development of many organs, including the lung, depends upon a process known as branching morphogenesis, in which a simple epithelial bud gives rise to a complex tree-like system of tubes specialized for the transport of gas or fluids. Previous studies on lung development have highlighted a role for fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), made by the mesodermal cells, in promoting the proliferation, budding, and chemotaxis of the epithelial endoderm. Here, by using a three-dimensional culture system, we provide evidence for a novel role for Netrins, best known as axonal guidance molecules, in modulating the morphogenetic response of lung endoderm to exogenous FGFs. This effect involves inhibition of localized changes in cell shape and phosphorylation of the intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase(s) (ERK1/2, for extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2), elicited by exogenous FGFs. The temporal and spatial expression of netrin 1, netrin 4, and Unc5b genes and the localization of Netrin-4 protein in vivo suggest a model in which Netrins in the basal lamina locally modulate and fine-tune the outgrowth and shape of emergent epithelial buds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Yuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Brunken
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tessier-Lavigne
authors.forename: Brigid L M
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hogan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D017931:DNA Primers; D004707:Endoderm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000075388:Netrin-1; D000075385:Netrins; D014162:Transfection; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C000617351:NTN1 protein, human; C498815:NTN4 protein, human; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D000075385:Netrins; C000617353:Ntn1 protein, mouse; C416214:Ntn4 protein, mouse; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000075388:Netrin-1; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases