title: Nomogram to diagnose familial combined hyperlipidemia on the basis of results of a 5-year follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is traditionally diagnosed by total plasma cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels above the 90th percentile adjusted for age and gender. In a recent study, we showed that the diagnosis of FCH on the basis of these diagnostic criteria was inconsistent in 26% of the subjects over a 5-year period. This result emphasizes the need for reevaluation of the diagnostic criteria for FCH.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32 families (299 subjects) were studied in 1994 and 1999. A subject was defined "truly" FCH when diagnosed FCH in 1994 and/or 1999 on the basis of traditional plasma lipid criteria. Additional lipid and lipoprotein parameters, including apolipoprotein B (apoB) and small, dense LDL, were measured at both time points. In total, 121 subjects (40%) were defined as truly FCH. Multivariate analysis revealed that absolute apoB values combined with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels adjusted for age and gender best predicted truly FCH. A nomogram including these parameters is provided to simply and accurately calculate the probability to be affected by FCH. Furthermore, it is shown that when percentiles of triglyceride and total cholesterol adjusted for age and gender are not available in a population, the definition of FCH can be established on the basis of hypertriglyceridemia (>1.5 mmol/L) and hyper-apoB (>1200 mg/L).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of FCH is best predicted by absolute apoB levels combined with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels adjusted for age and gender and can accurately be calculated by a nomogram. This definition is also a good predictor of cardiovascular risk in FCH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Mario J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Veerkamp
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Graaf
authors.forename: Jan C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: Pierre N M
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Demacker
authors.forename: Anton F H
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Stalenhoef
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006950:Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D049451:Nomograms; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol