title: Survival of Bacillus cereus spores and vegetative cells in acid media simulating human stomach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the fate of Bacillus cereus spores or vegetative cells in simulated gastric medium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effects of acidity on the survival of B. cereus in a medium simulating human stomach content was followed on spores at pH 1.0-5.2, and on vegetative cells at pH 2.5-5.7. Gastric media (GM) were prepared by mixing equal volumes of a gastric electrolyte solution with J broth (JB), half-skim milk, pea soup and chicken. At pH 1.0 and 1.4, the number of spores slightly decreased in GM-JB and GM-pea soup and remained stable in GM-milk and GM-chicken. A rapid marked decrease (always higher than 2.0 log CFU ml(-1) in 2 h) in vegetative cell counts was observed at pH below 4.2, 4.0, 3.6 and 3.5 in GM-chicken, GM-JB, GM-milk and GM-pea soup, respectively. Between pH 5.0 and 5.3, B. cereus growth was observed in GM-JB (1.2 log CFU ml(-1) increase after 4 h) and in GM-pea soup (1.8 log CFU ml(-1) increase after 4 h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacillus cereus spores are very much more resistant to gastric acidity than vegetative cells. This resistance strongly depends on the type of food present in the GM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the probability that viable B. cereus cells enter the small intestine, where they can cause diarrhoea, strongly depends on the form of the ingested cells (spores or vegetative cells), on what food they are ingested with, and on the level of stomach acidity.
authors.affiliation: UMR A408 INRA/Université d'Avignon 'Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale', INRA Domaine St Paul, Avignon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clavel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carlin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lairon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguyen-The
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000502:physiology*; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005744:Gastric Acid; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008954:Models, Biological; D013171:Spores, Bacterial