title: Modulation of IL-1 beta gene expression by lipid peroxidation inhibition after kainic acid-induced rat brain injury.
abstract: Brain injury was induced by intraperitoneal administration of kainic acid (KA, 10 mg/kg). Animals were randomized to receive either IRFI 042 (20 mg/kg i.p.), a lipid peroxidation inhibitor, or its vehicle (NaCl 0.9% DMSO 10% 1 ml/kg i.p.) 30 min before KA administration. A first set of animals was sacrificed 6 h after KA injection to measure malondialdehyde (MDA) content, glutathione-reduced (GSH) levels and the mRNA for interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the cortex and in the hippocampus. A second set of animals was sacrificed 48 h after KA administration for histological analysis. All animals were observed for monitoring the behavioral sequelae and for evaluating latency of convulsions. Sham brain injury rats were used as controls. Intraperitoneal administration of IRFI 042 significantly decreased brain MDA (cortex: KA + vehicle = 0.285 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein; KA + IRFI 042 = 0.156 +/- 0.02 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.005; hippocampus: KA + vehicle = 0.350 +/- 0.03 nmol/mg protein; KA + IRFI 042 = 0.17 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.005), prevented the brain loss of GSH in both cortex (KA + vehicle = 7.81 +/- 1 micromol/g protein; KA + IRFI 042 = 12.1 +/- 1 micromol/g protein; P < 0.005) and hippocampus (KA + vehicle = 5 +/- 0.8 micromol/g protein; KA + IRFI 042 = 9.4 +/- 1.8 micromol/g protein; P < 0.005), reduced both brain IL-1beta mRNA expression and oedema, and increased latency of convulsions. Histological analysis showed a reduction of cell damage in IRFI 042-treated samples. The present data indicate that lipid peroxidation inhibition reduces IL-1beta gene expression and protects against kainic acid-induced brain damage.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Domenica
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Altavilla
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bellomo
authors.forename: Elena Bianca
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Adamo
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Floriana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laureanti
authors.forename: Maria Carmela
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bonaccorso
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seminara
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Passaniti
authors.forename: Letteria
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Minutoli
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bitto
authors.forename: Gioacchino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calapai
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Squadrito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000494:pharmacology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; C413683:IRFI 042; D007375:Interleukin-1; D009498:Neurotoxins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D007608:Kainic Acid