title: Differential role of neutrophils and monocytes during subcutaneous plasma extravasation.
abstract: We examined the behavior of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and monocytes during subcutaneous plasma extravasation in guinea-pigs. Plasma extravasation was induced by intradermal injection of zymosan-activated plasma (ZAP). The degree of extravasation correlated logarithmically with the concentration of injected ZAP, and was composed of PMN-dependent and -independent components. The latter was mediated primarily by histamine. The former accounted for 40-50% of the total plasma extravasation, peaked within 15 min, and then rectilinearly decreased with a half-life between 30 and 40 min. Histological examination of skin at 15 min after ZAP injection demonstrated PMN attachment to the luminal surface of venule endothelial cells, without evidence of PMN extravasation. We next examined whether monocyte infiltration of subcutaneous tissue played a causal role in plasma extravasation. Monocyte-predominant infiltration was initially caused by an intradermal injection of a monocyte-specific chemotactic factor, the S19 ribosomal protein (RP S19) dimer. Monocyte infiltration did not induce plasma extravasation even in guinea-pigs with elevated peripheral blood monocyte levels following administration of a macrophage-colony stimulating factor. A simultaneous injection of prostaglandin E2, a vasodilating agent, with RP S19 dimer also did not induce plasma extravasation. In contrast, a simultaneous injection of RP S19 dimer with ZAP changed the leukocyte infiltration pattern from PMN-predominant to monocyte-predominant, and almost completely suppressed the PMN-dependent component of the ZAP-induced plasma extravasation. The lack of plasma extravasation in the monocyte-predominant pattern was reproduced when a strong monocyte infiltration was induced by an intradermal injection of apoptotic cells. We conclude that leukocyte-induced plasma extravasation is specific for PMN, and is not due to a physical leakage of plasma during leukocyte emigration. Rather, plasma extravasation is probably caused by a cognate interaction between PMNs and postcapillary venule endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. ktokita@kaiju.medic.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokita
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D018922:HL-60 Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D010949:Plasma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015054:Zymosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C040343:ribosomal protein S19; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015054:Zymosan; D015232:Dinoprostone