title: Use of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and cortisone may prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and cortisone prevent proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty pigmented rabbits were used in this study. All rabbits except controls received an intravitreal injection of 0.15 ml (75,000 U) of platelet-rich plasma into their left eye. The animals were divided into four groups: group I was treated with intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml (15 micromol/kg) of CAPE for 3 days, group II received 0.15 ml (4 mg/kg) of intravitreal cortisone, group III received nothing (blank group), and group IV (control group) received only 1 ml of 1% ethanol intraperitoneally daily for 3 days. Proliferative changes were graded in a masked fashion by indirect ophthalmoscopy for a 15-day follow-up period. The malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total nitrite (NO) levels were measured in the vitreous humor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The grades of PVR were B-C in group I, and C-D in group II. The PVR grade in the control group was C-D. The mean MDA level in group I (4.0+/-0.8 micromol/l) was significantly lower than in the blank group (6.0 micromol/l) (p < 0.05). The mean GSH level in group I (71.0+/-11.2 micromol/l) was significantly different than in the blank group (p < 0.05). The MDA and GSH levels in group II were 4.7+/-0.6 micromol/l and 53.8+/-7.8 micromol/l, respectively. Both these levels were not significantly different from the blank group (p > 0.05). The NO levels in both treatment groups were significantly lower than in the blank group (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest an inhibitory effect of CAPE on PVR. The inhibitory effect was supported by lower MDA and NO with higher GSH levels in treatment groups than in the blank group. There was no detected significant effect of cortisone for preventing PVR experimentally.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Malatya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Yusuf
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Turkoz
authors.forename: Hamdi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Er
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borazan
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mizrak
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parlakpinar
authors.forename: Yilmaz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cigremis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003348:Cortisone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018630:Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D009573:Nitrites; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D005978:Glutathione; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol; D003348:Cortisone