title: Effect of experimental variables on the inertization of galvanic sludges in clay-based ceramics.
abstract: The incorporation of several industrial wastes in ceramic matrixes had been attempted as an effective low expense technique for the fixation of metallic species in usable products or simply to reduce the residue volume for further disposal. However, the dominant mechanism of the inertization process and the relevant influent parameters are still unknown, mostly due to the complexity of the systems. This work reports the effect of several processing parameters such as the mixing time, the calcination temperature and duration, the relative amount of sludge, and the physical aspect of the sample (powdered or pressed pellets) on the fixing level of relevant species (SiO2), SO4(2)-, Zn, Ni, Ca, Cu, Cr) by leaching in different media (aqueous, acetate, and citrate). Statistical tools were used to define the relevance of each experimental variable on the inertization process of the used galvanic sludge. The relative amount of sludge in the mixture, the calcination temperature and the agglomeration state of the sample were found to be the most influent parameters of the inertization process. The incipient reaction between sludge and ceramic matrix components points out for the dominance of a macro-encapsulation mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minho, Guimarães 4800, Portugal.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Labrincha
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D000077215:Clay; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D006878:Hydroxides / Q000737:chemistry; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D006878:Hydroxides; D010087:Oxides; D012722:Sewage; D014867:Water; D019343:Citric Acid; D019342:Acetic Acid; D000077215:Clay