title: Occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in preharvest maize from south-western Nigeria.
abstract: A survey was conducted on the incidence of fungi, and the natural occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins in preharvest maize from fields in south-western Nigeria. Mycological examinations revealed the predominance of F. verticillioides (Zea mays) (syn. F. moniliforme), occurring in 89.3% of samples with a mean kernel infection of 49.4%, while Aspergillus flavus was isolated from 65% of samples having a mean kernel infection of 6.8%. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 18.4% of samples with a mean of 22 micrograms kg-1, while aflatoxins B2, G1 and G2 were present in 7.8, 2.9 and 1% of the samples with mean levels of 10, 8 and 7 micrograms kg-1, respectively, in contaminated samples. Total aflatoxins ranged from 3 to 138 micrograms kg-1 in positive samples, with a mean of 28 micrograms kg-1. Fumonsin B1 was the predominant toxin detected in terms of frequency (78.6% of samples) and quantity (concentration range 70-1780 micrograms kg-1, mean = 495 micrograms kg-1). Fumonisin B2 was detected in 68 samples (66%) with a mean of 114 micrograms kg-1. Fifteen samples were contaminated with both aflatoxins and fumonisins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, PMB 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria. sabankole@juno.com
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Bankole
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Mabekoje
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000032:analysis; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001231:Aspergillus flavus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D037341:Fumonisins / Q000032:analysis*; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005670:Fusarium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D009549:Nigeria; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D037341:Fumonisins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D016604:Aflatoxin B1