title: Neonatal respiratory morbidity risk and mode of delivery at term: influence of timing of elective caesarean delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish whether the timing of delivery between 37 + 0 and 41 + 6 wk gestation influences neonatal respiratory outcome in elective caesarean delivery, following uncomplicated pregnancy, thus providing information that can be used to aid planning of elective delivery at term.
  
  
  METHODS
  All pregnant women who were delivered by elective caesarean delivery at term during a 3-y period were identified from a perinatal database and compared retrospectively with pregnant women matched for week of gestation, who were vaginally delivered. Maternal characteristics, neonatal outcome, incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) were analysed. During this time, 1284 elective caesarean section deliveries occurred at or after 37 + 0 wk of gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neonatal respiratory morbidity risk (odds ratio, OR), including RDS and TTN, was significantly higher in the infant group delivered by elective caesarean delivery compared with vaginal delivery (OR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.35-5.9; p < 0.01). While TTN risk in caesarean delivery was not increased (OR 1.19; 95% CI: 0.58-2.4; p > 0.05), the RDS risk was significantly increased (OR 5.85; 95% CI: 2.27-32.4; p < 0.01). This RDS risk is greatly increased in weeks 37 + 0 to 38 + 6 (OR 12.9; 95% CI: 3.57-35.53; p < 0.01). After 39 + 0 wk, there was no significant difference in RDS risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants born by elective caesarean delivery at term are at increased risk for developing respiratory disorders compared with those born by vaginal delivery. A significant reduction in neonatal RDS would be obtained if elective caesarean delivery were performed after 39 + 0 gestational weeks of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Padua University School of Medicine, Padua, Italy. vincenzo.zanardo@libero.it
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zanardo
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Simbi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Franzoi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soldà
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trevisanuto
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008423:Maternal Age; D009017:Morbidity; D009321:Natural Childbirth; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature; D011247:Pregnancy; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors