Principles of a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
A brain-computer interface (BCI) based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) records noninvasively activity of the entire brain with a high spatial resolution. We present a fMRI-based BCI which performs data processing and feedback of the hemodynamic brain activity within 1.3 s. Using this technique, differential feedback and self-regulation is feasible as exemplified by the supplementary motor area (SMA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA). Technical and experimental aspects are discussed with respect to neurofeedback. The methodology now allows for studying behavioral effects and strategies of local self-regulation in healthy and diseased subjects.
Weiskopf
Nikolaus
N
Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. nikolaus.weiskopf@uni-tuebingen.de
Mathiak
Klaus
K
Bock
Simon W
SW
Scharnowski
Frank
F
Veit
Ralf
R
Grodd
Wolfgang
W
Goebel
Rainer
R
Birbaumer
Niels
N
D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods* / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D009862:Online Systems; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014584:User-Computer Interface