title: Classification of mammographic masses using generalized dynamic fuzzy neural networks.
abstract: In this article, computer-aided classification of mammographic masses using generalized dynamic fuzzy neural networks (GDFNN) is presented. The texture parameters, derived from first-order gradient distribution and gray-level co-occurrence matrices, were computed from the regions of interest. A total of 343 images containing 180 benign masses and 163 malignant masses from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography were analyzed. A fast approach of automatically generating fuzzy rules from training samples was implemented to classify tumors. This work is novel in that it alleviates the problem of requiring a designer to examine all the input-output relationships of a training database in order to obtain the most appropriate structure for the classifier in a conventional computer-aided diagnosis. In this approach, not only the connection weights can be adjusted, but also the structure can be self-adaptive during the learning process. By virtue of the automatic generation of the classifier by the GDFNN learning algorithm, the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, Az, attains 0.868 +/- 0.020, which corresponds to a true-positive fraction of 95.0% at a false positive fraction of 52.8%. The corresponding accuracy is 70.0%, the positive predictive value is 62.0%, and the negative predictive value is 91.4%.
authors.affiliation: School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore. keatz@pmail.ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: Wei Keat
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Meng Joo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Er
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity