title: Contamination of butyltin compounds in Malaysian marine environments.
abstract: Concentration of butyltin compounds (BTs), including tributyltin (TBT), dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) and total tin (SigmaSn) were determined in green mussel (Perna viridis), 10 species of muscle fish and sediment from coastal waters of Malaysia. BTs were detected in all these samples ranging from 3.6 to 900 ng/g wet wt., 3.6 to 210 ng/g wet wt., and 18 to 1400 ng/g dry wt. for mussels, fish and sediments, respectively. The concentrations of BTs in several locations of this study were comparable with the reported values from some developed countries and highest among Asian developing nations. Considerable concentration of BTs in several locations might have ecotoxicological consequences and may cause concern to human health. The parent compound TBT was found to be highest than those of its degradation compounds, DBT and MBT, suggesting recent input of TBT to the Malaysian marine environment. Significant positive correlation (Spearman rank correlation: r2=0.82, P<0.0001) was found between BTs and SigmaSn, implying considerable anthropogenic input of butyltin compounds to total tin contamination levels. Enormous boating activities may be a major source of BTs in this country, although aquaculture activities may not be ignored.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Agus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sudaryanto
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Hisato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D008296:Malaysia; D009947:Organotin Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009947:Organotin Compounds; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C056189:di-n-butyltin; C011559:tributyltin