title: Identification of motifs involved in endoplasmic reticulum retention-forward trafficking of the GLT-1 subtype of glutamate transporter.
abstract: Glutamate transporters may exist as homomultimers, but little is known about the mechanisms that ensure proper assembly and surface expression. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms that contribute to posttranslational processing of the GLT-1 subtype of glutamate transporter. An extracellular leucine-based motif was identified that after mutation to alanine (6L/6A GLT-1) prevented export of GLT-1 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane and displayed a glycosylation pattern characteristic of "immature" transporter. This 6L/6A variant had a selective dominant-negative effect on wild-type GLT-1 expression and formed coimmunoprecipitable complexes with GLT-1. Mutation of two downstream arginine residues to alanine partially restored maturation and functional activity of the 6L/6A variant. The fact that this additional mutation rescued maturation of GLT-1 essentially excludes the possibility that the 6L/6A mutant variant is not appropriately processed because of simple misfolding. When the domain containing these motifs was introduced into a topologically similar location in the interleukin 2alpha receptor subunit (Tac protein), the mutations had a similar effect on protein maturation. Topological models place at least the leucine-based motif in an extracellular domain, which would face the lumen of the ER during assembly. On the basis of these data, we suggest that an evolutionarily conserved arginine-based motif functions as an ER retention signal and a lumenal leucine motif is required for suppression of this signal. Interestingly, a high percentage of variably spliced GLT-1 mRNAs lacking parts of this domain are found in the CNS, suggesting that GLT-1 expression may be regulated during assembly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Avtandil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalandadze
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000502:physiology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D005910:Glioma; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary / Q000502:physiology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; D003545:Cysteine