Divergent and convergent signaling by the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway in mammals.
Diacylglycerol is an essential second messenger in mammalian cells. The most prominent intracellular targets of diacylglycerol and the functionally analogous phorbol esters belong to the protein kinase C family, but at least five alternative types of high affinity diacylglycerol/phorbol ester receptors are known: protein kinase D, diacylglycerol kinases alpha, beta, and gamma, RasGRPs, chimaerins, and Munc13s. These function independently of protein kinase C isozymes, and form a network of signaling pathways in the diacylglycerol second messenger system that regulates processes as diverse as gene transcription, lipid signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular membrane trafficking, or neurotransmitter release.
Brose
Nils
N
Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany. brose@em.mpg.de
Betz
Andrea
A
Wegmeyer
Heike
H
D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004075:Diglycerides; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C491790:RASGRP1 protein, human; C491789:Rasgrp1 protein, rat; C485548:UNC13B protein, human; C485549:Unc13b protein, mouse; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase; C089212:protein kinase D; D011493:Protein Kinase C