title: Origin of PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat brain.
abstract: The subarachnoidal cerebral blood vessels of the rat are innervated by nerve fibers containing different neuropeptides, e.g. pituitary adenylatecyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP). PACAP dilates brain arterioles and immunohistochemical studies of the rat have indicated that PACAP binds to a VPAC1-receptor in the cerebral vasculature of this species. We have investigated the perikaryal origin of the nerve fibers innervating the subarachnoidal blood vessels of the rat by combined retrograde tracing with Fluorogold and immunohistochemistry. The in vivo neuronal retrograde tracings were done by injection of 2% Fluorogold in water into the subarachnoidal space in the area of the middle cerebral artery. The retrograde transported tracer was detected by use of an antibody against Fluorogold. One week after the injections, the animals were vascularly perfused with Stephanini's fixative and labeled perikarya were found bilaterally in the trigeminal, sphenopalatine, and otic ganglia. The retrograde Fluorogold tracings were combined with immunohistochemistry for PACAP using a mouse monoclonal antibody and the biotinylated tyramide amplification system. Double labeled perikarya containing both Fluoro-gold and PACAP were found predominantly in the trigeminal ganglion, and only rarely in the otic and sphenopalatine ganglion. Summarizing, our retrograde tracings combined with immunohistochemistry indicate that the perikarya in the trigeminal ganglion are the main origin of PACAPergic nerve fibers projecting to the cerebral vasculature of the rat.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Anatomy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: Florian Martin Moesgaard
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Baeres
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Møller
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Moesgaard
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baeres
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D017950:Ganglia, Sensory / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: C495402:Adcyap1 protein, mouse; C495403:Adcyap1 protein, rat; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide