title: [Reoperation for persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. Seventy-seven cases among 1888 operated patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the results of re-operations for persistent (p) or recurrent (r) primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1965 throughout 2001, 1888 patients were operated on for PHPT. The cure rate after initial surgery was 97.6%. Seventy-seven (4.1%) were reoperated for p PHPT (n = 54) or r PHPT (n = 23). Thirty-two out of 77 (41%) had been primarily operated elsewhere. In 15 cases (20%) PHPT was genetically determined. The re-operation was undertaken on average 40.7 months after initial surgery (1 day-190 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two out of 77 were cases of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia. Among the 75 patients reoperated for true PHPT, 23 (31%) had uniglandular disease (UGD) and 52 (69%) had multiglandular disease (MGD). There were two cases of recurrent parathyroid carcinoma. Overall 97 pathological glands were resected, 37% being orthotopic and 63% heterotopic. The re-operation was performed by a cervical approach in 80%, by a mediastinal approach in 15%, whereas 5% involved excision of antebrachial implants. In 96% of cases the parathyroid glands were in the cervical position. Among the preoperative localisations studies the sensitivity of scintigraphy utilising 2-methoxyisobutyl-isonitril (MIBI) was 61%. Utilising both MIBI and cervical ultrasound the sensitivity was 64%. Sixty-eight out of 75 (91%) were cured of their hypercalcaemia, but at the cost of permanent hypoparathyroidism in 9% of cases. No sporadic adenoma appears to have been missed. The seven failures after re-operation (9%) involved five cases of MGD, of which four were sporadic, two cases of carcinoma and one case of parathyreomatosis. 39 patients (51%) had more than four parathyroid glands and in 22/39 cases at least one supernumerary gland was pathological.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The re-operations for PHPT were essentially due to MGD that was either sporadic or genetically determined. Often the offending supernumerary gland was not detected by imaging studies. Avoiding failures entails an initial bilateral cervicotomy with thymic exploration after MIBI scintigraphy to exclude a mediastinal focus.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie générale et endocrinienne, clinique chirurgicale Adultes-Est, hôpital Claude-Huriez, rue Michel-Polonovski, 59037 Lille, France. l-arnalsteen@chru-lille.fr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arnalsteen
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Quievreux
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huglo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pattou
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carnaille
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Proye
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies