title: Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with systemic lymph node dissection: a critical reappraisal from the viewpoint of lymph node retrieval.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopy-assisted surgery has proved useful in the treatment of early gastric cancer, but its use in advanced cancer may be hindered by limitations in lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on lymph node retrieval after distal gastrectomy with D1 or D2 lymphadenectomy (n = 89) performed by the laparoscopy-assisted approach were collected between 1998 and 2002 and compared with data obtained from conventional open surgery performed for T1 cancer at a high-volume hospital (n = 342) during the same period. Comparisons of total number of lymph nodes, retrieval at each lymph node station, and the rate of noncompliance (no nodal tissue documented at a node station that should have been resected) were conducted using Student's t-test and the chi-square test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  D2 resection by the laparoscopy-assisted approach harvested a sufficient number of nodes for adequate TNM classification (>15 nodes) in 86% of patients. Nevertheless, a significantly greater number of lymph nodes were harvested by open surgery. The difference was significant for the perigastric lymph nodes along the major curvature (Nos. 4 and 6) and second tier nodes along the celiac and splenic arteries (Nos. 9 and 11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent of lymphadenectomy achieved by current laparoscopic procedure approaches the global standard for accurate staging, although performing extended resection as recommended in Japan remains a challenge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya/Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodera
authors.forename: Michitaka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.forename: Katsuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Akimasa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013048:Specimen Handling; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*