title: Extended evaluation of recombinant human activated protein C United States Trial (ENHANCE US): a single-arm, phase 3B, multicenter study of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in severe sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gather additional 28-day all-cause mortality and safety data among adult patients with severe sepsis who were treated with drotrecogin alfa (activated).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, single-arm, multicenter clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five study sites in the United States and two in Puerto Rico.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients (273 patients) with a diagnosis of severe sepsis, which was defined as a systemic inflammatory response due to acute infection and one or more sepsis-induced organ dysfunctions present for </= 48 h, as in the recombinant human activated Protein C Worldwide Evaluation in Severe Sepsis (PROWESS) trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Drotrecogin alfa (activated) [Xigris; Eli Lilly and Company; Indianapolis, IN], 24 micro g/kg/h, as a continuous IV infusion for a duration of 96 +/- 1 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary end point was all-cause mortality, which was assessed 28 days after the start of the infusion of drotrecogin alfa (activated). Serious bleeding was monitored to day 28. Comparisons of mortality were made to treatment groups from two double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials (PROWESS United States and the Secretory Phospholipase A2 Inhibitor [sPLA2I] in Severe Sepsis trial) that used similarly defined patient populations from the United States. For the 273 adult patients enrolled in this study, the 28-day all-cause mortality rate was 26.4%. This mortality rate was 6% lower than that observed in the placebo groups in the PROWESS US trial (32.9%) and the sPLA2I trial (33.2%), and was similar to that of the group treated with drotrecogin alfa (activated) in the PROWESS US trial (24.4%). One nonfatal intracranial hemorrhage was reported in the Extended Evaluation of Recombinant Human Activated Protein C United States trial (ENHANCE US) [0.35%]. Serious bleeding events during the infusion period occurred in 11 patients (4.0%) compared to 10 patients (2.8%) in the PROWESS US drotrecogin alfa (activated) treatment group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the limitations associated with comparisons across trials, this study provides confirmatory evidence of the efficacy and safety of drotrecogin alfa (activated) documented in the PROWESS trial.
authors.affiliation: Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. Gordon.Bernard@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Gordon R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Margolis
authors.forename: Harvey M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Shanies
authors.forename: E Wesley
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Ely
authors.forename: Arthur P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Kar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Theressa J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016638:Critical Illness; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011486:Protein C / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D011486:Protein C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C421124:drotrecogin alfa activated