title: Differentiated and dose-related cardiovascular effects of a dual endothelin receptor antagonist in endotoxin shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of endothelin receptor antagonism on cardiac performance in endotoxin shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, experimental study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university-affiliated research institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Domestic anesthetized landrace pigs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven pigs were anesthetized and subjected to echocardiography, coronary sinus catheterization, and monitoring of central and regional hemodynamics in order to assess cardiac performance. All animals received endotoxin for 5 hrs. Twenty pigs served as endotoxin controls. Tezosentan, a dual endothelin-A and -B receptor antagonist, was administered during established endotoxemic shock. Seven pigs received an infusion of tezosentan of 1 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) (tezo1), and an additional ten pigs received a higher dose of 10 mg x kg(-1) x hr(-1) (tezo10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endotoxemia evoked a state of shock with pulmonary hypertension and metabolic acidosis. A decrease in stroke volume and coronary perfusion pressure as well as an increase in troponin I was also noted. Tezosentan administration resulted in a significant increase in cardiac index, stroke volume index, left ventricular stroke work index, and left ventricular end-diastolic area index. Decreases in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance indexes were also evident after intervention. This was achieved without changes in heart rate or systemic arterial or pulmonary artery occlusion pressures in tezo, animals compared with controls. In addition, metabolic variables were improved by tezosentan. These effects were sustained only in the tezo, group. In the higher dosage, tezosentan resulted in a deterioration of cardiac performance and 50% mortality rate. The endotoxin-induced increase in troponin I was attenuated in the tezo, group compared with controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this porcine model of volume-resuscitated, endotoxemic shock, endothelin-receptor blockade with tezosentan improved cardiac performance. However, the effect was not sustained with higher doses of tezosentan, possibly due to reduced coronary perfusion pressure. These findings show differentiated, dose-dependent effects by dual endothelin receptor blockade on endotoxin-induced cardiovascular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, Section for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oldner
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wanecek
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudehill
authors.forename: Eddie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weitzberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000187:drug effects*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004452:Echocardiography; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019333:Endothelin-2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D019332:Endothelin-1; D019333:Endothelin-2; D011725:Pyridines; D013777:Tetrazoles; D019210:Troponin I; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C120582:tezosentan