title: Detectable levels of interleukin-18 in uterine luminal secretions at oocyte retrieval predict failure of the embryo transfer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most implantation failures after successful in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) result from inadequate uterine receptivity. There is currently no way to predict this receptivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated whether the detection of interleukin-(IL)18 by ELISA in uterine luminal secretions might predict implantation failure. Secretions of 133 patients enrolled in our IVF-ET program were sampled by uterine flushing immediately before oocyte retrieval. We assessed the following outcomes: pregnancy rate, multiple pregnancy rate, and implantation rate per embryo transferred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin-18 was detected in the flushing fluid of 38 patients (28.6%). Although the two groups were comparable for all other characteristics (age, etiology, ovarian reserve, number of embryos transferred, quality of embryos), all outcome variables differed significantly. The pregnancy rate was 37.9% in the IL-18 - ve group and 15% in the IL-18 + ve group, the multiple pregnancy rate 27.7% and 0%, and the implantation rate per embryo transferred 19.4% and 6.7% (all comparisons, P=0.02). Only embryos meeting good quality criteria were transferred to 65 patients: 50 IL-18 - ve and 15 IL-18 + ve. The pregnancy rate was 51% for the IL-18 - ve group and 20% for the IL-18 + ve group, the multiple pregnancy rate 36% and 0.0%, respectively, and the implantation rate 29% and 8.3% (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This non-invasive and simple method predicted inadequate uterine receptivity, independent of embryo quality.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U131, Equipe Cytokines et Relation Materno-Foetale Clamart, France. Ledeenathalie@aol.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lédée-Bataille
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olivennes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kadoch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dubanchet
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frydman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaouat
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frydman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000032:analysis*; D009865:Oocytes; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014599:Uterus / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020382:Interleukin-18