title: Field evaluation of repellent formulations containing deet and picaridin against mosquitoes in Northern Territory, Australia.
abstract: Field efficacy of repellent formulations containing picaridin (1-methyl-propyl 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperidinecarboxylate) or deet (N,N,-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against mosquitoes in Northern Territory, Australia, was evaluated. The following repellent treatments were evaluated: 19.2% picaridin (Autan Repel Army 20), a solution of 20% deet in ethanol, and 35% deet in a gel (Australian Defense Force [ADF]). The predominant mosquito species were Culex annulirostris Skuse (57.8%), Anopheles merankensis Venhuis (15.4%), and Anopheles bancroftii Giles (13.2%). The protection provided by repellents against Anopheles spp. was relatively poor, with 19.2% picaridin and ADF deet providing >95% protection for only 1 h, whereas 20% deet provided <95% protection at 1 h after repellent application. In contrast, the repellents provided good protection against Cx. annulirostris, with 19.2% picaridin providing >95% protection for 5 h and both deet formulations providing >95% protection for 7 h when collections ceased. This study provides additional field data showing tolerance of Anopheles spp. for repellents. The response of field populations of Cx. annulirostris, an important vector of arboviruses in Australia, to repellents containing deet and picaridin is reported for the first time.
authors.affiliation: Australian Army Malaria Institute, Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera, Queensland. Steve.Frances@defence.gov.au
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Frances
authors.forename: D G E
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Waterson
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Beebe
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003465:Culex; D009033:Culicidae / Q000145:classification; D003671:DEET / Q000633:toxicity*; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000633:toxicity*; D015876:Northern Territory; D010880:Piperidines / Q000633:toxicity*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D010880:Piperidines; D003671:DEET; C483506:picaridin