title: Comparison of automated culture systems with a CFR/USP-compliant method for sterility testing of cell-therapy products.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although widely used, commercially available automated culture methods are not US Food and Drug Administration-approved for sterility testing of cell-therapy products. For cell-therapy products regulated under Section 351 of the Public Health Service Act, sterility testing must be performed by the methods described in 21 CFR 610.12 and USP <71> (CFR/USP method), or by methods demonstrated to be equivalent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two automated methods, BacT/Alert (BTA; bioMerieux) and Bactec (Becton Dickinson), were compared with the CFR/USP method. Representative mononuclear cell (MNC) products were formulated using six different product media. MNC product aliquots containing 10-50 x 10(6) cells in a 0.5 mL volume were seeded with organisms, and cultured for 14 days in aerobic and anaerobic bottles of each system. Ten different organisms at target concentrations of 10 and 50 colony-forming units (CFU) per bottle were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positives were detected in a mean (range) of 72% (7-100%) of cultures for CFR/USP, 82% (0-100%) for BTA, and 93% (57-100%) for Bactec. For nine of the 10 organisms tested, overall detection rates for BTA and Bactec were equivalent to or higher than CFR/USP. Of the six product media tested, detection of organisms was impaired only by the medium containing multiple antibiotics: this occurred in all three systems. Both BTA and Bactec had shorter times to detection than the CFR/USP method, with overall means (ranges) of 87 (24-264) h for CFR/USP, 24 (12-54) h for BTA, and 33 (12-80) h for Bactec. Detection occurred consistently within 7 days for both BTA and Bactec, but not for CFR/USP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both BTA and Bactec are superior to the CFR/USP method for overall detection and time to detection of organisms in MNC products suspended in commonly used media. These data support general use of either BTA or Bactec for sterility testing of a variety of cell-therapy products, and suggest that a 7-day culture period is sufficient to detect clinically relevant organisms. These results confirm the need for bacteriostasis and fungistasis testing of antibiotic-containing products, even when antibiotic-binding substances are used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Khuu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGann
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Read
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001331:Automation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004340:Drug Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D007753:Laboratories / Q000592:standards; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000502:physiology; D013242:Sterilization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003470:Culture Media