Distribution of Giardia duodenalis genotypes and subgenotypes in raw urban wastewater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
Giardia cysts in 131 raw wastewater samples from Milwaukee, Wis., were genotyped by sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase gene which showed the presence of two distinct genotypes (assemblages A and B) of Giardia duodenalis. Of the 131 samples, 111 belonged to assemblage A, and the remaining samples belonged to assemblage B. A high degree of genetic polymorphism was evident within the assemblage B cluster, with 10 distinct subgenotypes identified, eight of which have not been reported before.
Sulaiman
Irshad M
IM
Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA.
Jiang
Jianlin
J
Singh
Ajaib
A
Xiao
Lihua
L
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D005872:Giardia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase / Q000235:genetics; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014922:Wisconsin
D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D012722:Sewage; D014305:Triose-Phosphate Isomerase