title: Intratumoral infusion of interleukin-1beta and interferon-gamma induces tumor invasion with macrophages and lymphocytes in a rat glioma model.
abstract: Malignant gliomas are hard to treat successfully. Like other treatments immune therapy fails presumably due to low concentration of immune modifiers within the tumor. However, convection-enhanced delivery (CED) may overcome this problem. So, we analyzed the effect of intratumoral delivery of interleukin (IL)-1beta and interferon (IFN)-gamma by CED on tumor immune cell invasion in a rat glioma model. Tumors were implanted into the left caudate nucleus and tumor growth was demonstrated by MRI. Afterwards intratumoral infusion of IL-1beta or IFN-gamma was started for 48 h. Then animals were sacrificed and the number of tumor infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes as well as macrophages was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrate that intratumoral cytokine infusion using CED leads to a strong tumor invasion with macrophages and lymphocytes suggesting a tumor specific immune response.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Charité, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353, Germany.
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frewert
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stockhammer
authors.forename: Guesjal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Warschewske
authors.forename: Ana Claudia
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Zenclussen
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
authors.forename: Hans-Dieter
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Volk
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woiciechowsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma