title: Corneal thickness measurement by confocal microscopy, ultrasound, and scanning slit methods.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure corneal thickness by using a calibrated confocal microscope and to compare this measurement to thickness determined by ultrasonic and noncontact scanning slit pachymetry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of corneal thickness measured by using four instruments in normal subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thickness measured by a clinical confocal microscope (Tandem Scanning) was calibrated from measurements of polymethylmethacrylate contact lenses with known thickness. Corneal thickness was measured in one eye of 24 normal subjects by using this instrument, two ultrasonic pachymeters (DHG-1000 and Sonogage), and a noncontact optical scanning slit pachymeter (Orbscan II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean corneal thickness measured by confocal microscopy was 516 +/- 30 microm (+/-SD). This was less than the mean thickness measured by both ultrasonic pachymeters, 554 +/- 28 microm by the DGH, and 555 +/- 28 microm by the Sonogage (P <.001). Thickness measured by the Orbscan II pachymeter was 540 +/- 35 microm (P <.001, compared with either confocal or ultrasound) after applying an "acoustic factor" of 0.92, a default correction of the software.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Corneal thickness measured by calibrated confocal microscopy is approximately 39 microm (7.0%) less than thickness measured by two commonly used ultrasonic pachymeters and approximately 24 microm (4.4%) less than thickness measured by the corrected Orbscan II pachymeter. These differences are important for planning and measuring the effects of refractive and other surgical procedures. The precision of confocal microscopy is limited by corneal motion in an anterior-posterior direction. The difference between instruments suggests that verification of clinical ultrasonic pachymeters should be revisited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. mclaren.jay@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Jay W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: McLaren
authors.forename: Cherie B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Nau
authors.forename: Jay C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Erie
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bourne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002138:Calibration; D003315:Cornea / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019781:Corneal Topography / Q000592:standards; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000592:standards; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000592:standards