title: Response formats and satisfaction surveys for elders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A factor common to the results of many satisfaction surveys of elders is a lack of response variability. Increasing response variability may be useful if satisfaction surveys of elders are to be productively used in the future. In this paper, we first examine elders' preferences between five response formats and then examine the response variability of these five commonly used formats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Satisfaction, demographic, and Short-Form 36 Health Survey data were self-reported by patients in four outpatient surgery centers during 1998 and 1999. We used six different survey instruments randomly given to 3,122 elders. Five instruments varied in response format (5-item Likert format, 5-item satisfaction format, 5-item valuation format, 4-item Chernoff faces, and 10-item visual analogue format). The sixth survey used all five different response sets, and then it asked for the respondents' preferences among the different response sets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,450 questionnaires were examined (response rate of 78.5%). The response format using four Chernoff faces was liked the least, with only 5% of the respondents preferring this format. The 10-item visual analogue format (10VAF) was liked the most, with 39% of the respondents preferring this format. In addition, 10% more elders thought this format was easier to use than the second-place choice (i.e., 32% vs. 22%). The coefficient of variation for the 10VAF was also higher than those in identical domains using the other response formats. This would seem to indicate that the 10VAF is less prone to a ceiling effect than the other response formats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that elders have a preference for some response formats, and from the choices we gave them a 10VAF was preferred. The 10VAF also had more response variability then the other formats we tested.
authors.affiliation: RAND, Pittsburgh, PA 15213-1516, USA. CASTLE@RAND.org
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006299:Health Services for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011594:Psychometrics; D013531:Surgicenters; D014481:United States