title: Undertreatment of hyperlipidemia in a cohort of United States kidney dialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Application of national guidelines regarding cardiovascular disease risk reduction to kidney dialysis patients is complicated by the conflicting observations that dialysis patients have a high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but dialysis patients with higher serum cholesterol have lower mortality rates. Actual treatment patterns of hyperlipidemia are not well studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed the prevalence, treatment and control of hyperlipidemia in this high-risk patient population from 1995 - 1998. We measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, treatment with a lipid-lowering agent, and prevalence of hyperlipidemia as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) II guidelines in 812 incident hemodialysis (HD), and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients from dialysis clinics in 19 states throughout the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperlipidemia was present in 40% of HD and 62% of PD patients. Among subjects with hyperlipidemia, 67% of HD and 63% of PD patients were untreated and only 22% of HD and 14% of PD patients were treated and controlled. Those who entered the study in 1997 or 1998, those with diabetes, males and Caucasians were more likely to be treated and controlled, whereas subjects on PD and those with ASCVD were less likely to be treated and controlled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that high rates of undertreatment exist in the United States ESRD dialysis population. Whether improved rates of treatment will result in decreased cardiovascular disease events needs to be tested in randomized clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Longenecker
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Powe
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Klag
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parekh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coresh
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids