title: Outcome of infections caused by multiple drug-resistant bacteria in liver transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of infections caused by multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria on the clinical outcome of liver transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study including all episodes of bacterial infection diagnosed in patients undergoing liver transplantation from January 19, 1999, to June 30, 2002. The diagnosis of bacterial infection required microbiological documentation. Mortality associated with episodes of infection by MDR bacteria was compared to that observed after antibiotic-susceptible bacterial infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 99 patients undergoing liver transplantation during the study period, there were 57 episodes of bacterial infections. Gram-negative bacilli were the predominant etiologic agents (76%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent bacterial species found in these cases (23 isolates, 28%). Thirty-six episodes of infection (63%) were caused by MDR bacteria. Mean time after transplantation to the diagnosis of infection was 17 days. Mortality associated with episodes of MDR bacterial infections (nine deaths, 25%) was not significantly different from that observed during episodes of antibiotic-susceptible bacteria (five deaths, 24%; P =.92).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents does not have an impact on the mortality associated to bacterial infections in liver transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Medical School, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Gouvêa
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Branco
authors.forename: R C M
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ribeiro-Filho
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Silveira
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Tavares
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: H S M
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Basto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santoro-Lopes
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001938:Brazil; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents