title: Cyclosporine bioequivalence study: quantification using fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of study was to compare the bioavailability of 2 cyclosporine capsule formulations (100 mg; Sigmasporin Microoral from Novaquímica Divisão Nature's Plus Farmacêutica Ltd., Brazil, as test formulation and Sandimmune Neoral from Novartis Biociências S.A., Brazil, as reference formulation) in 24 healthy male volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was open, randomized, with a 2-period crossover, a 1-week washout interval between doses. Blood samples were obtained over a 12-hour interval after each oral administration of cyclosporine (2 capsules of 100 mg of each formulation). Cyclosporine blood concentrations were quantified using a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) method provided by Abbott Axsym System and Cyclo-Trac SP. Whole-blood radioimmuoassay (RIA) kit was provided by DiaSorin. These assays provided concentration-time curves for cyclosporine in blood concentration from which the following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained: AUC(last), AUC(inf), Cmax.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Geometric mean and 90% confidence intervals (CI) of Microoral/Neoral as percent ratios were 94.5% (90.8-98.4%) for AUC(last), 93.8% (89.7-98.1%) for AUC(inf), and 98.1% (94.5-101.8%) for Cmax when cyclosporine was determined using FPIA and 96.1% (91.9 to 100.6%) for AUC(last), 95.2% (90.2-100.5%) for AUC(inf), and 99.4% (96.4-102.4%) for Cmax using RIA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since the 90% CI for Cmax, AUC(last) and AUC(inf) ratio were within the 80-125% interval proposed by US-FDA, it is concluded that Sigmasporin Microoral 100 mg capsule formulation is bioequivalent to Sandimmune Neoral 100 mg capsule formulation with regard to both rate and the extent of absorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sucupira
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Donato
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Nucci
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002214:Capsules; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine