title: Nucleoside-analog resistance mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and their influence on polymerase fidelity and viral mutation rates.
abstract: Nucleoside-analog inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) were the first drugs used against the virus. It is long known that monotherapy with these and other drugs leads to the rapid development of viral resistance and it is being increasingly appreciated that a significant percentage of individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) also develop resistance. Considering the fact that RT is responsible both for optimal rate of replication and an accurate copying of the viral genome, the consequence of drug-resistance mutations in RT to the biochemistry of this enzyme and to the biology of the virus are critically important. The biochemistry of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase variants harboring nucleoside-analog resistance mutations has been studied extensively. In this review, we describe a number of studies into the polymerase fidelity of nucleoside-analog resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase as well as the mutation rate of HIV-1 harboring these mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Golding Building 401, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Rezende
authors.forename: Vinayaka R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Prasad
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009705:Nucleosides; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase