title: The Tobacco mosaic virus 126-kDa protein associated with virus replication and movement suppresses RNA silencing.
abstract: Systemic symptoms induced on Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are modulated by one or both amino-coterminal viral 126- and 183-kDa proteins: proteins involved in virus replication and cell-to-cell movement. Here we compare the systemic accumulation and gene silencing characteristics of TMV strains and mutants that express altered 126- and 183-kDa proteins and induce varying intensities of systemic symptoms on N. tabacum. Through grafting experiments, it was determined that M(IC)1,3, a mutant of the masked strain of TMV that accumulated locally and induced no systemic symptoms, moved through vascular tissue but failed to accumulate to high levels in systemic leaves. The lack of M(IC)1,3 accumulation in systemic leaves was correlated with RNA silencing activity in this tissue through the appearance of virus-specific, approximately 25-nucleotide RNAs and the loss of fluorescence from leaves of transgenic plants expressing the 126-kDa protein fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP). The ability of TMV strains and mutants altered in the 126-kDa protein open reading frame to cause systemic symptoms was positively correlated with their ability to transiently extend expression of the 126-kDa protein:GFP fusion and transiently suppress the silencing of free GFP in transgenic N. tabacum and transgenic N. benthamiana, respectively. Suppression of GFP silencing in N. benthamiana occurred only where virus accumulated to high levels. Using agroinfiltration assays, it was determined that the 126-kDa protein alone could delay GFP silencing. Based on these results and the known synergies between TMV and other viruses, the mechanism of suppression by the 126-kDa protein is compared with those utilized by other originally characterized suppressors of RNA silencing.
authors.affiliation: Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Inc., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73402, USA.
authors.forename: Xin Shun
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ning-Hui
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Folimonov
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Katagi
authors.forename: Shelly A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000821:virology; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D034622:RNA Interference; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000235:genetics / Q000821:virology*; D014027:Tobacco Mosaic Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: C071899:130k protein, Tobacco mosaic virus; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins