title: A role for Id in the regulation of TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation.
abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) is a critical morphogenic event that occurs during embryonic development and during the progression of various epithelial tumors. EMT can be induced by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in mouse NMuMG mammary epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate a central role of helix-loop-helix factors, E2A and inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins, in TGF-beta-induced EMT. Epithelial cells ectopically expressing E2A adopt a fibroblastic phenotype and acquire migratory/invasive properties, concomitant with the suppression of E-cadherin expression. Id proteins interacted with E2A proteins and antagonized E2A-dependent suppression of the E-cadherin promoter. Levels of Id proteins were dramatically decreased by TGF-beta. Moreover, NMuMG cells overexpressed Id2 showed partial resistance to TGF-beta-induced EMT. Id proteins thus inhibit the action of E2A proteins on the expression of E-cadherin, but after TGF-beta stimulation, E2A proteins are present in molar excess of the Id proteins, thus over-riding their inhibitory function and leading to EMT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cubillo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tobiume
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakihara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004149:Dioxoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C459179:4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide; D001549:Benzamides; D015820:Cadherins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004149:Dioxoles; C497452:Idb2 protein, mouse; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta