title: Effects of ramipril on left ventricular mass and function in cardiovascular patients with controlled blood pressure and with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: a substudy of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of ramipril on left ventricular mass (LVM) and function in vascular disease patients with controlled blood pressure (BP) and with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Increased LVM and left ventricular (LV) volume and decreased LVEF predict clinical events. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce LVM and LV volume and preserve LVEF in patients with hypertension and/or LV dysfunction, but have not been studied in patients with controlled BP and preserved LVEF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the effects of two doses of ramipril (10 mg/day and 2.5 mg/day) versus placebo in 506 patients with vascular disease on echocardiographic measures of LVM and LV function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline BP and LVEF were similar, 131/76 mm Hg and 58%, in all treatment groups. After four years, LVM index increased by 3.98 +/- 2.08 g/m2 in the placebo and by 4.16 +/- 1.86 g/m2 in the ramipril 2.5 mg/day groups and decreased by 2.02 +/- 2.25 g/m2 in the ramipril 10 mg/day group (p = 0.02). The changes in LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were 4.16 +/- 2.55 ml and 5.31 +/- 1.67 ml in the placebo, -0.43 +/- 2.75 ml and 2.90 +/- 1.45 ml in the ramipril 2.5 mg/day, and -5.90 +/- 2.93 ml and -1.90 +/- 1.55 ml in the ramipril 10 mg/day groups (p = 0.02 and p = 0.001). The changes in LVEF were -2.02 +/- 0.72%, -1.54 +/- 0.74%, and -0.17 +/- 0.72%, respectively (p = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ramipril has beneficial effects on LV structure and function in vascular patients with controlled BP and with preserved LVEF.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. lonnem@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lonn
authors.forename: Roya
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaikholeslami
authors.forename: Qilong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tanser
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magi
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusuf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002170:Canada; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D017257:Ramipril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects*; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D017257:Ramipril