title: Differential gene expression between squamous cell carcinoma of esophageus and its normal epithelium; altered pattern of mal, akr1c2, and rab11a expression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the altered gene expression patterns in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (ESCC) in relation to adjacent normal esophageal epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total RNA was extracted using SV total RNA isolation kit from snap frozen tissues of ESCC samples and normal esophageal epithelium far from the tumor. Radio-labeled cDNA were synthesized from equal quantities of total RNAs of tumor and normal tissues using combinations of 24 arbitrary 13-mer primers and three different anchoring oligo-dT primers and separated on sequencing gels. cDNA with considerable different amounts of signals in tumor and normal tissue were reamplified and cloned. Using southern blot, the clones of each band were controlled for false positive results caused by probable heterogeneity of cDNA population with the same size. Clones that confirmed differential expression by slot blot selected for sequencing and northern analysis. Corresponding full-length gene sequences was predicted using human genome project data, related transcripts were translated and used for various protein/motif searches to speculate their probable functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 97 genes showed different levels of cDNA in tumor and normal tissues of esophagus. The expression of mal gene was remarkably down regulated in all 10 surveyed tumor tissues. Akr1c2, a member of the aldo-keto reductase 1C family, which is involved in metabolism of sex hormones and xenobiotics, was up-regulated in 8 out of 10 inspected ESCC samples. Rab11a, RPL7, and RPL28 showed moderate levels of differential expression. Many other cDNAs remained to further studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mal gene which is switched-off in all ESCC samples can be considered as a tumor suppressor gene that more studies in its regulation may lead to valuable explanations in ESCC development. Akr1c2 which is up-regulated in ESCC probably plays an important role in tumor development of esophagus and may be proposed as a potential molecular target in ESCC treatments. Differential display technique in spite of many disadvantages is still a valuable technique in gene function exploration studies to find new candidates for improved ones like gene chips.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, PO Box: 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Sakineh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kazemi-Noureini
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colonna-Romano
authors.forename: Abed-Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ziaee
authors.forename: Mohammad-Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Malboobi
authors.forename: Mansour
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdanbod
authors.forename: Parviz
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Setayeshgar
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maresca
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000235:genetics; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009185:Myelin Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D062806:Myelin and Lymphocyte-Associated Proteolipid Proteins; D011510:Proteolipids / Q000235:genetics*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000099193:rab11 GTP-Binding Proteins; D045002:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)
chemical_list: D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase; D000074408:Aldo-Keto Reductases; D006913:Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009185:Myelin Proteins; D062806:Myelin and Lymphocyte-Associated Proteolipid Proteins; D011510:Proteolipids; D020691:rab GTP-Binding Proteins; D018631:ras Proteins; D000099193:rab11 GTP-Binding Proteins; C569026:MAL protein, human; C435496:AKR1C2 protein, human; D045002:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)