title: Citalopram as treatment of depression in patients with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety of citalopram as a treatment of depression in patients with epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an open, multicentered, uncontrolled study. Depressed epileptic patients on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) took part in the study. Patients who had a mild frequency of seizures in the 4 previous months underwent treatment with citalopram (20 mg/d) for 4 consecutive months. A change in seizure frequency from the baseline was chosen as the primary measure for the safety of citalopram and efficacy against depressive symptoms was taken as secondary measure. Depression was rated using the Montgomery-Asberg and Zung depression rating scales. Clinical assessments were performed at baseline, and at 2 and 4 months of citalopram therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five patients were enrolled. Six patients dropped out of the study early: none of them because of a deterioration of seizure frequency. An overall improvement in seizure frequency was observed in the 39 patients who completed the study. Plasma AED concentrations were unchanged during therapy, and depressive symptoms improved markedly. Twenty-two patients complained of adverse effects, mainly headache, nausea, dizziness, somnolence, and fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this open, multicentered, uncontrolled study, 4 months' of treatment with citalopram (20 mg/d) were associated with an improvement in depressive symptoms and reduction in seizure frequency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical and Occupational Sciences, Section of Clinic of the Nervous System Diseases, University of Foggia, Italy. lm.specchio@unifg.it
authors.forename: Luigi M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Specchio
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iudice
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Specchio
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: La Neve
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rocchi
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ulivelli
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Tommaso
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pizzanelli
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015283:Citalopram / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D015283:Citalopram