title: Biomarker responses in Macoma nasuta (Bivalvia) exposed to sediments from northern San Francisco Bay.
abstract: Our study investigates biomarker responses and survival of Macoma nasuta exposed to sediments collected from six locations in northern San Francisco Bay. Biomarkers analyzed were stress proteins (hsp70) in gill, mantle and digestive gland, lysosomal membrane damage and histopathologic lesions. Sediments and clam tissues were analyzed for a comprehensive suite of heavy metals and trace organic pollutants. Sediment grain size and organic carbon content were determined. Clams accumulated metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (aldrin and p,p(')-DDT and its metabolites p,p(')-DDD and p,p(')-DDE). Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that mortality, hsp70 in gill and histopathologic lesion scores in gonads, and lysosomal membrane damage were significantly correlated with tissue concentrations of DDT and/or its metabolites. Tissue concentrations of metals, in particular nickel, chromium, and copper, were associated with macrophage aggregates in digestive gland and germ cell necrosis. Cadmium was linked to mortality and lysosomal membrane damage.
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Toxicology Program, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. iwerner@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Ingeborg
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Swee J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: XiaoQiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D002140:California; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D005880:Gills / Q000473:pathology; D006066:Gonads / Q000473:pathology; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006652:Histological Techniques; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000473:pathology; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D019216:Metals, Heavy