title: Silencing of a gene adjacent to the breakpoint of a widespread Drosophila inversion by a transposon-induced antisense RNA.
abstract: Adaptive changes in nature occur by a variety of mechanisms, and Drosophila chromosomal inversions was one of the first studied examples. However, the precise genetic causes of the adaptive value of inversions remain uncertain. Here we investigate the impact of the widespread inversion 2j of Drosophila buzzatii on the expression of the CG13617 gene, whose coding region is located only 12 bp away from the inversion proximal breakpoint. This gene is transcribed into a 2.3-kb mRNA present in all D. buzzatii developmental stages. More importantly, the expression level of CG13617 is reduced 5-fold in embryos of lines homozygous for the 2j inversion compared with lines without the inversion. An antisense RNA that originates in the Foldback-like transposon Kepler inserted at the breakpoint junction in all of the 2j lines and that forms duplexes with the CG13617 mRNA in 2j embryos is most likely responsible for the near silencing of the gene. Few examples of RNA interference caused by transposable elements (TEs) have been previously described, but this mechanism might be prevalent in many organisms and illustrates the potential of TEs as a major source of genetic variation. In addition, because chromosomal rearrangements are usually induced by TEs, position effects might be more common than previously recognized and contribute significantly to the evolutionary success of inversions.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cáceres
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019457:Chromosome Breakage / Q000235:genetics*; D007446:Chromosome Inversion; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics; D020868:Gene Silencing; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics*; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012333:RNA, Messenger