title: Combined effects of the oral fluoropyrimidine anticancer agent, S-1 and radiation on human oral cancer cells.
abstract: We evaluated the orally administered S-1, in combination with ionizing radiation both in vivo and in vitro against human oral cancer cell lines. Human oral cancer cell lines were used as subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. S-1 (10 mg/kg) was administered orally 1 h before radiation treatments (1.5 Gy), or 1 h after radiation for five consecutive days. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL method. For in vitro analysis, attached cells were treated with S-1 (50 microg/ml) for 1 h and then irradiated (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 Gy), or they were treated with S-1 for 1 h after radiation. Cell survival was determined by clonogenic assay. The combination of S-1 and radiation was more effective than either agent alone. In addition, S-1 administration before radiation was more effective than S-1 administration after radiation. Moreover, the combination of S-1 and radiation could induce apoptosis significantly than either agent alone (P < 0.01). In vitro clonogenic survival experiments demonstrated the dose enhancement ratio of 1.22 (radiation + S-1), 1.45 (S-1 + radiation) in B88 cells, and 1.16 (radiation + S-1), 1.28 (S-1 + radiation) in HSG cells. These data demonstrate that the combination of S-1 and fractionated radiotherapy is more effective against human oral cancer xenografts than either agent alone, and that S-1 administration before radiation is more effective than after radiation, suggesting a potential clinical applicability of combination treatment of S-1 and radiation in oral cancer therapies.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, 770-8504, Japan. harako@dent.tokushima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.lastname: Supriatno
authors.forename: Tomitaro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onoue
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Mitsunobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005641:Tegafur / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011725:Pyridines; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid