title: Beneficial effect of candesartan treatment on cardiac autonomic nervous activity in patients with chronic heart failure: simultaneous recording of ambulatory electrocardiogram and posture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reclining in the right lateral decubitus position in chronic heart failure (CHF) is a self-protective mechanism for normalizing impaired cardiac autonomic nervous activity (CANA).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Candesartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, exerts beneficial effects on CANA and postural preferences in patients with CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 15 patients with CHF due to coronary artery disease. Cardiac autonomic nervous activity was assessed using spectral heart rate variability (HRV) analysis based on 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring before and after an 8-week treatment with candesartan. The patients' posture was simultaneously recorded using a specially devised detector, as the right (R) or left (L) lateral decubitus or supine (S) positions, to evaluate postural modulations of CANA. Normalized high-frequency (0.15 to 0.40 Hz) power (nHF) and the low-frequency (0.04 to 0.15 Hz)/high-frequency power ratio (LF/HF) were used as indices of vagal activity and sympathovagal balance, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When HRV was analyzed in each position, CANA was changed in L and S, but not in R, from sympathetic to parasympathetic prevalence by the treatment (R, nHF, 50 +/- 20 vs. 52 +/- 19 nu, p = 0.87; LF/HF, 1.39 +/- 1.11 vs. 1.32 +/- 1.32, p =0.93; L, nHF, 28 +/- 13 vs. 47 +/- 19 nu, p = 0.019; LF/HF, 3.34 +/- 2.48 vs. 1.56 +/- 1.39, p = 0.029; S, nHF, 38 +/- 17 vs. 53 +/- 16 nu, p = 0.0023; LF/HF, 2.43 +/- 2.21 vs. 1.03 +/- 0.59, p = 0.025). The fractions of the time in R and L were decreased and increased, respectively, by the treatment (R, 40 +/- 30 vs. 18 +/- 24%, p = 0.0018; L, 11 +/- 20 vs. 27 +/- 26%, p = 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with CHF, candesartan treatment improves cardiac autonomic balance, and the preference for the right lateral decubitus position disappears after the treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tambara
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sumita
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eiho
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komeda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D016683:Supine Position / Q000502:physiology; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; C081643:candesartan