title: [Analysis and treatment of complications induced by polyacrylamide hydrogel injection].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the reasons for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  39 patients were included in this study, who had complications after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection in the breasts, nose, temproal area or depressed locus. The clinical manifestations of the complications were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative infection occurred in 5 cases, induration in 23, pain in 25, ulceration of the puncture points in 9, displacement in 6, galactostasis in 1, skin necrosis in 1, breast deformation in 3, bilateral asymmetry in 4, aseptic inflammation in 10, and skin-acne-like changes on the face in 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some complications were caused mainly by incorrect manipulation and others were relative to the injected material. The applications of polyacrylamide hydrogel as a clinical implant material need further investigations. Polyacrylamide hydrogel injection should be cautiously used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Chua-xun
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Yi-ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yu-rong
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Neng-qiang
authors.initials: NQ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Wen-dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000328:Adult; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C016680:polyacrylamide gels