title: The effect of combined use of botulinum toxin type A and functional electric stimulation in the treatment of spastic drop foot after stroke: a preliminary investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of combined botulinum toxin type A (BTX) and functional electric stimulation (FES) treatment on spastic drop foot in stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonblinded randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive sample of 21 ambulant adults within 1 year after stroke with a spastic drop foot, of whom 18 completed the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The treatment group received BTX injections (Dysport) on 1 occasion into the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius (200U each) and tibialis posterior (400U each) muscles and FES, used on a daily basis for 16 weeks to assist walking. Both groups continued with physiotherapy at the same rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Walking speed, Physiological Cost Index, Modified Ashworth Scale, Rivermead Motor Assessment, and Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Walking speed increased over 12 weeks in both control (P=.020) and treatment groups (nonstimulated, P=.004; stimulated, P=.042). The baseline corrected (analysis of covariance) increase in mean walking speed at 12 weeks, relative to controls, was.04m/s (95% confidence interval [CI],.003-.090) without stimulation, and.09m/s (95% CI,.031-.150) with stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined treatment effectively improved walking and function. A larger study is needed to quantify the treatment effect and to investigate its impact on quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Salisbury Health Care NHS Trust, Salisbury District Hospital, Wiltshire, England, UK.
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Jane H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Burridge
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Strike
authors.forename: Duncan E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Swain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020521:Stroke / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A