The enhancing action of D-galactosamine on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
The effect of D-galactosamine (D-GalN) on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells was examined. D-GalN augmented the production of NO, but not tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Pretreatment of D-GalN augmented the NO production whereas its post-treatment did not. D-GalN augmented the NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with either TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma. The augmentation of LPS-induced NO production by D-GalN was due to enhanced expressions of an inducible type of NO synthase mRNA and proteins. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were exclusively generated in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with D-GalN and LPS. Scavenging of intracellular ROS abrogated the augmentation of NO production. It was therefore suggested that D-GalN might augment LPS-induced NO production through the generation of intracellular ROS.
Morikawa
Akiko
A
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
Koide
Naoki
N
Sugiyama
Tsuyoshi
T
Mu
Mya Mya
MM
Hassan
Ferdaus
F
Islam
Shamima
S
Ito
Hiroyasu
H
Mori
Isamu
I
Yoshida
Tomoaki
T
Yokochi
Takashi
T
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005688:Galactosamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D005688:Galactosamine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse