title: Insulin-like growth factor-II regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT.
abstract: Psoriasis is a chronic, relapsing skin disease characterized by enhanced angiogenesis. The pathogenetic process resulting in hypervascularity remains to be further investigated. It has been reported that a potent angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is overexpressed in psoriatic epidermis and that the level of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is significantly elevated in the tissue fluid and serum of the psoriatic lesion. We considered the possibility that IGF-II might function as a paracrine inducer of VEGF. Here, we demonstrated that exposure of HaCaT keratinocytes to IGF-II induced both mRNA and protein expression of VEGF through the MAP kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK2) pathway. Particularly, we determined that phosphorylation of ERK2 but not p38 and JNK1/2 was activated by IGF-II in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, we found that IGF-II treatment induced the expression of MDM2 through the MAP kinase pathway. Moreover, the increase of MDM2 resulted in decreased levels of p53 followed by increased expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF. Taken together, these results suggest that IGF-II enhances the expression of VEGF in HaCaT cells by increasing HIF-1alpha levels.
authors.affiliation: Angiogenesis Research Laboratory, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yoo-Wook
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Kyung-Sool
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Hyo-Eun
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Jeong Ae
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyu-Sil
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: You-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ho-Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Chang-Keun
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: You-Mie
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Guen
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Yun-Sil
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyu-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases