title: Effects of 17beta-estradiol exposure in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.
abstract: Mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were exposed to different concentrations of estradiol (20, 200, and 2000 ng/l) in a semi-static regime (1-day dosing intervals) for up to 7 days in an attempt to see how mussels dealt with exogenous estrogenic compounds. Sex hormone levels were determined in whole tissue. Free-estradiol was only significantly elevated at the highest exposure dose (up to 10-fold). Most of the estradiol was in the tissues as fatty acid esters (> 78%), which sharply increased in a dose-dependent manner (from 4 ng/g in controls to 258 ng/g at the high exposure group). In contrast, neither free nor esterified testosterone levels showed significant differences between control and exposure groups. The results suggest the existence of mechanisms that allow mussels to maintain their hormonal status, and the important role that fatty acid esterification may play within those mechanisms. Synthesis and conjugation rates of estradiol were further investigated by measuring the activity of P450 aromatase, and palmitoyl-CoA:estradiol acyltransferase, in digestive gland microsomal fractions. Overall, the study contributes to the better knowledge of molluscan endocrinology, and defines new mechanisms of regulation of free steroid-levels in mussels.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry Department, IIQAB.CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Janer
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lavado
authors.forename: Rémi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thibaut
authors.forename: Cinta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Porte
mesh_terms: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001141:Aromatase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004952:Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006652:Histological Techniques; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D010171:Palmitoyl Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D004952:Esters; D010171:Palmitoyl Coenzyme A; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D001141:Aromatase