title: Biochemical responses of two erythrinidae fish to environmental ammonia.
abstract: The non-ionized form of ammonia is very toxic to many aquatic species. It is especially important in several aspects of fish biology. A large range of organismal strategies for coping with environmental stressors is usually observed in living organisms. Among those, the responses for managing chemical stressors are well studied. The present work compares biochemical responses of two evolutionarily close species, Hoplias malabaricus and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, exposed to environmental ammonia. Adult fish were submitted to 1.0 mg/L of ammonium chloride for 24 hours, and plasma ammonia and urea levels were determined. The activities of OUC enzymes OCT and ARG, and the accessory enzyme GS, were quantified in liver extract and are expressed below in mumol/min/mg of wet tissue. Increases in OUC enzymes (GS from 1.14 to 2.43, OCT from 0.81 to 1.72, and ARG from 3.15 to 4.23), plasma ammonia (from 0.95 to 1.42 mmol/L), and plasma urea (from 0.82 to 1.53 mmol/L) were observed (p < 0.05) in H. malabaricus exposed to 1 mg/L of ammonia chloride. The GS in H. unitaeniatus increased from 1.43 to 1.84, however the OCT, ARG, and plasma urea from H. unitaeniatus did not change. These data indicate that each species responds differently to the same environmental stressor.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís, km 235, C.P. 676, CEP 13560-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil. gil@power.ufscar.br
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Polez
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Iwama
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood*; D000643:Ammonium Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000032:analysis; D005399:Fishes / Q000097:blood*; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D009954:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase / Q000032:analysis; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea; D001120:Arginine; D009954:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase