title: Closing the loop: the adicol experience.
abstract: The objective of the project Advanced Insulin Infusion using a Control Loop (ADICOL) was to develop a treatment system that continuously measures and controls the glucose concentration in subjects with type 1 diabetes. The modular concept of the ADICOL's extracorporeal artificial pancreas consisted of a minimally invasive subcutaneous glucose system, a handheld PocketPC computer, and an insulin pump (D-Tron, Disetronic, Burgdorf, Switzerland) delivering subcutaneously insulin lispro. The present paper describes a subset of ADICOL activities focusing on the development of a glucose controller for semi-closed-loop control, an in silico testing environment, clinical testing, and system integration. An incremental approach was adopted to evaluate experimentally a model predictive glucose controller. A feasibility study was followed by efficacy studies of increasing complexity. The ADICOL project demonstrated feasibility of a semi-closed-loop glucose control during fasting and fed conditions with a wearable, modular extracorporeal artificial pancreas.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Modelling Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom. r.hovorka@uk.avecho.com
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hovorka
authors.forename: Ludovic J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Chassin
authors.forename: Malgorzata E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wilinska
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Canonico
authors.forename: Joyce Akwe
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Akwi
authors.forename: Marco Orsini
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Federici
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massi-Benedetti
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hutzli
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zaugg
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Both
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vering
authors.forename: Helga C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schaupp
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodenlenz
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Pieber
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose