title: [Measurements of the flux densities of static magnetic fields generated by two types of dental magnetic attachments and their retentive forces].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and analyze the flux densities of static magnetic fields generated by two types of commonly used dental magnetic attachments and their retentive forces, and to provide guidance for the clinical application of magnetic attachments.
  
  
  METHODS
  A digital Gaussmeter was used to measure the flux densities of static magnetic fields generated by two types of magnetic attachments, under four circumstances: open-field circuit; closed-field circuit; keeper and magnet slid laterally for a certain distance; and existence of air gap between keeper and magnet. The retentive forces of the magnetic attachments in standard closed-field circuit, with the keeper and magnet sliding laterally for a certain distance or with a certain air gap between keeper and magnet were measured by a tensile testing machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were flux leakages under both the open-field circuit and closed-field circuit of the two types of magnetic attachments. The flux densities on the surfaces of MAGNEDISC 800 (MD800) and MAGFIT EX600W (EX600) magnetic attachments under open-field circuit were 275.0 mT and 147.0 mT respectively. The flux leakages under closed-field circuit were smaller than those under open-field circuit. The respective flux densities on the surfaces of MD800 and EX600 magnetic attachments decreased to 11.4 mT and 4.5 mT under closed-field circuit. The flux density around the magnetic attachment decreased as the distance from the surface of the attachment increased. When keeper and magnet slid laterally for a certain distance or when air gap existed between keeper and magnet, the flux leakage increased in comparison with that under closed-field circuit. Under the standard closed-field circuit, the two types of magnetic attachments achieved the largest retentive forces. The retentive forces of MD800 and EX600 magnetic attachments under the standard closed-field circuit were 6.20 N and 4.80 N respectively. The retentive forces decreased with the sliding distance or with the increase of air gap between keeper and magnet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The magnetic attachments have flux leakages. When they are used in patients' oral cavities, if keeper and magnet are not attached accurately, the flux leakage will increase, and at the same time the retentive force will decrease. Therefore the keeper and magnet should be attached accurately in clinical application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Chun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yong-lie
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D003834:Denture Precision Attachment; D003781:Denture Retention / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics; D008422:Materials Testing; D013314:Stress, Mechanical