title: Divergent and convergent signaling by the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway in mammals.
abstract: Diacylglycerol is an essential second messenger in mammalian cells. The most prominent intracellular targets of diacylglycerol and the functionally analogous phorbol esters belong to the protein kinase C family, but at least five alternative types of high affinity diacylglycerol/phorbol ester receptors are known: protein kinase D, diacylglycerol kinases alpha, beta, and gamma, RasGRPs, chimaerins, and Munc13s. These function independently of protein kinase C isozymes, and form a network of signaling pathways in the diacylglycerol second messenger system that regulates processes as diverse as gene transcription, lipid signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular membrane trafficking, or neurotransmitter release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Center for Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany. brose@em.mpg.de
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brose
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wegmeyer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism*; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D015290:Second Messenger Systems / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004075:Diglycerides; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C491790:RASGRP1 protein, human; C491789:Rasgrp1 protein, rat; C485548:UNC13B protein, human; C485549:Unc13b protein, mouse; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase; C089212:protein kinase D; D011493:Protein Kinase C