title: Vaginal perforation during transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration in a woman undergoing multiple cycles of assisted reproduction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of vaginal perforation during transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 41-year-old woman who had undergone transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration five times previously for IVF-embryo transfer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective evaluation of past medical history and surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical follow-up after surgical repair of the perforation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Simple vaginal perforation with no damage to the gastrointestinal or genitourinary systems can be repaired at the time of perforation through the vagina.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perforation of the vagina is a possible complication of transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration in older patients with a history of repeated transvaginal aspiration of follicles, particularly when the ovaries are difficult to visualize.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Medicine of Hackensack University Medical Center, Hasbrouck Heights, New Jersey, USA. chomm@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Colon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D009865:Oocytes; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013396:Suction / Q000009:adverse effects; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014621:Vagina / Q000293:injuries*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery