Functional antagonism between NF-kappaB and nuclear receptors: implications in carcinogenesis and strategies for optimal cancer chemopreventive interventions.
Hyper-activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is germane to carcinogenesis by its fundamental implication in cellular de-differentiation and proliferation, the subversion of apoptosis, the promotion of neo-angiogenesis, invasive growth and metastases. Conversely, the expression of multiple nuclear receptors (NRs), arbiters of cellular differentiation, decreases with progressive carcinogenesis. This review is a conceptual discussion of evidence to support NF-kappaB as the nexus between carcinogenesis and decreased NR expression. Furthermore, it synthesizes the thesis and antithesis of NR function in carcinogenesis and expounds on the functional antagonism between NRs and NF-kappaB as a basis for the chemopreventive activity of NR ligands. Finally, strategies for optimal chemopreventive interventions with NR ligands are discussed.
Andela
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VB
The James P. Wilmot Cancer Center and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 665, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Valentine_Andela@urmc.rochester.edu
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B