title: A method for the non-covalent immobilization of heparin to surfaces.
abstract: The interaction of heparan sulfate (HS) with specific proteins facilitates a wide range of fundamental biological processes including cellular proliferation and differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and viral pathogenesis. This multiplicity of function arises through sequence diversity within the HS chain. Heparin, which is very similar in structure to the sulfated regions of HS, is an excellent model for studying HS-protein interactions. The development of high-throughput enzyme-linked immunosorbent-like assays using surface-immobilized heparin has been hindered by the inability of this glycosaminoglycan to adhere to microtiter surfaces. Here we report the passive noncovalent adsorption of heparin onto microtiter wells following their treatment by plasma polymerization; there was no detectable binding of functional heparin onto untreated plates. Heparin immobilized in this way was able to interact with four different heparin-binding proteins tested, i.e., TSG-6, chemokines IL-8 and KC, and complement factor H. Heparin preparations ranging in size from high molecular weight to a defined decasaccharide could be adsorbed onto these plates in a functionally active form. Since plasma polymerization is possible for virtually any surface, this technique is likely to be of general use in the identification and characterization of heparin/HS-binding proteins in a wide range of applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK. david.mahoney@bioch.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Jason D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: Caroline M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Milner
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mulloy
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buttle
authors.forename: Gavin C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Short
mesh_terms: D000499:Allylamine / Q000737:chemistry*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D017242:Complement Factor H / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry*; D008872:Microwaves
chemical_list: D000499:Allylamine; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines; D017242:Complement Factor H; D006497:Heparan Sulfate