title: Reproducibility of internal atrial defibrillation threshold in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several pharmacological or technical factors may affect atrial defibrillation threshold (ADFT) for internal cardioversion (ICV) in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the reproducibility of ADFT in lone paroxysmal (electrically induced AF, 10 pts, 51+/-4 years) or persistent AF (15 pts, 64+/-7 years). The AF pattern (F-F interval) was characterised before each ICV attempt. A first step-up synchronised ICV test (ICV1, biphasic shock waveform 6 ms/6 ms) with increasing energy levels from 0.2 to 20 J was performed by a dual-lead defibrillation system (right atrium-coronary sinus configuration) connected to an external cardioverter defibrillator. After 30 min of stable sinus rhythm, a new sustained AF was induced (>20 min duration) and ICV protocol was repeated (ICV2). The AF cycle length was recorded for 30 s from the lateral wall of right atrium in basal condition and before each cardioversion attempt.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values of AF cycle length before a successful shock were similar in both AF populations (paroxysmal AF: pre-ICV1 175+/-21 ms vs pre-ICV2 181+/-20 ms (p=NS); persistent AF pre-ICV1 194+/-25 ms vs pre-ICV2 202+/-15 ms (p=NS)). No significant differences were observed between the two successful ICV tests concerning intensity, energy and impedance levels. The value of ADFT energy was reproducible in paroxysmal AF population (SD differences 1.2, coefficient of variability 9.6%). In persistent AF group only the impedance was reproducible (SD differences 2.6 Omega, coefficient of variability 4.5%), but not the energy requirements (SD differences 9.6, coefficient of variability 44.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADFT is reproducible in paroxysmal AF patients, while a high coefficient of variability is present in persistent AF, possibly related to different patterns of re-entrant circuits in the reinduced AF. This observation is important in order to evaluate factors influencing ICV-ADFT correctly in AF patients.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto General Hospital, 49, Via Taverna, Piacenza I-29100, Italy. qvillani@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Giovanni Quinto
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Villani
authors.forename: Massimo Francesco
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Piepoli
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capucci
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004554:Electric Countershock; D017097:Electric Impedance; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged