title: Population-based cervical screening with a 5-year interval in The Netherlands. Stabilization of the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions in the screened population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of population-based cervical screening at 5-year intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results from the west region of the Netherlands (population 2 million) were used. The 1995-2000 round was compared with the first 2 years of the second (2001-2002). All results were prospectively collected in a central database. Positive cytologies and histoscores per 1,000 screened for preinvasive squamous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and invasive squamous cell carcinoma were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first round, 378,081 women were screened; in the second round, 100,561 women were screened. In both rounds the youngest screenees had the highest cytoscores. Cytoscores in the first round did not differ significantly from those in the second. The histoscore for CIN 1 and 2 was 1.42 per 1,000 in the first round and 1.18 per 1,000 (NS, P < .01) in the second. The histoscore for CIN 3 was 2.07 per 1,000 in the first round and 2.13 per 1,000 (NS, P < .01) in the second. Histoscores for invasive squamous cell carcinoma remained virtually the same (0.16 per 1,000 in the first, 0.14 per 1,000 in the second round).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Population-based screening at 5-year intervals in the Netherlands may result in stabilization of positive cytology and of the incidence of CIN and (histologic) invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The program seems more cost effective than that of 2 decades ago, with a screening interval of 3 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Frederike C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Siemens
authors.forename: Mathilde E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: Johan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kuypers
authors.forename: Lambrecht P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kok
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014626:Vaginal Smears; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control