title: Anti-herpes simplex virus activity of sulfated galactans from the red seaweeds Gymnogongrus griffithsiae and Cryptonemia crenulata.
abstract: This study presents the chemical composition and antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) of sulfated galactan crude extracts and main fractions obtained from two red seaweeds collected in Brazil, Gymnogongrus griffithsiae and Cryptonemia crenulata. Most of the eighteen tested products, including homogeneous kappa/iota/nu carrageenan and DL-galactan hybrid, exhibited antiherpetic activity with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values in the range 0.5-5.6 microg/ml, as determined in a virus plaque reduction assay in Vero cells. The galactans lacked cytotoxic effects and showed a broad spectrum of antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. No direct virus inactivation was observed after virion treatment with the galactans. The mode of action of these compounds could be mainly ascribed to an inhibitory effect on virus adsorption. Most importantly, a significant protection against a murine vaginal infection with HSV-2 was afforded by topical treatment with the sulfated galactans.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Laura B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Talarico
authors.forename: Rosiane G M
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Zibetti
authors.forename: Paula C S
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Faria
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Scolaro
authors.forename: Maria E R
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Miguel D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Noseda
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.forename: Elsa B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Damonte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human / Q000187:drug effects; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012624:Seaweed / Q000737:chemistry*; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013431:Sulfates; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D005685:Galactans; D013431:Sulfates