Postnatal changes in response to norepinephrine in the normal and pulmonary hypertensive lung.
The effect of norepinephrine administration on pulmonary blood flow during the neonatal period is unclear. Therefore, norepinephrine responses were studied in isolated pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and femoral arteries taken from normal pigs from birth to adulthood and from pigs subjected to chronic hypoxia either from birth for 3 days or from 3 to 14 days of age. Normally, the contractile response of pulmonary arteries and veins to norepinephrine decreased after birth (p < 0.01), and alpha2-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation increased in pulmonary arteries and veins and in femoral arteries. Hypoxic exposure from birth prevented the normal postnatal reduction in pulmonary arterial contractile response, nor was there a postnatal increase in pulmonary arterial adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation. When hypoxic exposure followed a period of normal adaptation, the pulmonary arterial contractile response was not enhanced, but relaxation was significantly impaired. The response of pulmonary veins and femoral arteries was not affected by hypoxic exposure. The contractile effect of norepinephrine was 15- to 60-fold greater in isolated systemic arteries than in pulmonary arteries taken from both normal and pulmonary hypertensive piglets at all ages. This suggests that use of norepinephrine to manage systemic hypotension in infants and children will not compromise the pulmonary vasculature.
Schindler
Margrid B
MB
Vascular Biology and Pharmacology Unit, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
Hislop
Alison A
AA
Haworth
Sheila G
SG
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D023421:Models, Animal; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D009638:Norepinephrine