Higher concentration of HIV RNA in rectal mucosa secretions than in blood and seminal plasma, among men who have sex with men, independent of antiretroviral therapy.
High levels of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in rectal secretions and semen likely increase the risk of HIV transmission. HIV-infected men who have sex with men made 2-3 study visits, over 4 weeks, to assess rectal, seminal, and plasma levels of HIV RNA. Mixed-effects models estimated the effect of factors on HIV shedding. Twenty-seven (42%) of 64 men were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART); regardless of ART use, median HIV RNA levels were higher in rectal secretions (4.96 log(10) copies/mL) than in blood plasma (4.24 log(10) copies/mL) or seminal plasma (3.55 log(10) copies/mL; P<.05, each comparison). ART was associated with a 1.3-log(10) reduction in rectal HIV RNA in a model without plasma HIV RNA; with and without plasma RNA in models, ART accounted for a >1-log(10) decrease in seminal HIV RNA levels. Thus, controlling for plasma HIV RNA, ART had an independent effect on seminal, but not rectal, HIV levels.
Zuckerman
Richard A
RA
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98104, USA. zuckermn@u.washington.edu
Whittington
William L H
WL
Celum
Connie L
CL
Collis
Tarquin K
TK
Lucchetti
Aldo J
AJ
Sanchez
Jorge L
JL
Hughes
James P
JP
Sanchez
Jose L
JL
Coombs
Robert W
RW
D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D012007:Rectum / Q000821:virology*; D012661:Semen / Q000821:virology*
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral