title: Surgical strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma originating in the caudate lobe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma originating in or mainly involving the caudate lobe (caudate HCC) is generally poor. We reviewed the clinicopathologic findings of patients who underwent liver resection of caudate HCC and correlated the outcome with the surgical strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Records of 402 patients who underwent liver resection for HCC were reviewed. The patients were divided into 2 groups. One group consisted of 15 patients who underwent liver resection for caudate HCC. The other group included 387 patients with HCC in a site other than the caudate lobe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anatomic resection of Couinaud segment I or IX (a partial caudate lobectomy), conforming to portal anatomy, was performed in 13 patients with caudate HCC, and segmentectomies of segments I and IX (a total caudate lobectomy) were performed in 2 patients with caudate HCC. The incidence of postoperative complications was similar in the caudate HCC group and HCC in other sites group, with no operative deaths in the caudate HCC group. Tumor-free survival and cumulative survival were similar in the 2 groups. However, among patients with caudate HCC, tumor-free and cumulative survival were lower in patients with than without microscopic portal venous involvement (P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial caudate lobectomy (anatomic resection of segment I or IX) along the portal system is an appropriate procedure for caudate HCC, especially in patients with impaired liver function or a small HCC. Patients with caudate HCC who have microscopic portal venous involvement may require adjuvant therapy as early recurrence is likely.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterological and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatsugu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Taichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shuto
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Seikan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hai
authors.forename: Katsu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakabe
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uenishi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikebe
authors.forename: Hiromu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis