title: Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and its downstream targets in SARS coronavirus-infected cells.
abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has become a global public health emergency. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of SARS-induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) is a rational approach for the prevention of SARS, and an understanding of the cellular stress responses induced by viral infection is important for understanding the CPEs. Polyclonal antibodies, which recognized nucleocapsid (N) and membrane (M) proteins, detected viral N and M proteins in virus-infected Vero E6 cells at least 6 and 12 h post-infection (h.p.i.), respectively. Furthermore, detection of DNA ladder and cleaved caspase-3 in the virus-infected cells at 24h.p.i. indicated that SARS-CoV infection induced apoptotic cell death. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was significantly up-regulated at 18 h.p.i. in SARS-CoV-infected cells. The downstream targets of p38 MAPK, MAPKAPK-2, HSP-27, CREB, and eIF4E were phosphorylated in virus-infected cells. The p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, inhibited effectively phosphorylation of HSP-27, CREB, and eIF4E in SARS-CoV-infected cells. However, viral protein synthesis was not affected by treatment of SB203580.
authors.affiliation: Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. tmizutan@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Shuetsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukushi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saijo
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kurane
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morikawa
mesh_terms: D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000378:metabolism*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
chemical_list: D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases