Traffic ticket fixing and driving behaviours in a large French working population.
OBJECTIVE
The use of connections who have the authority to cancel penalties related to traffic violations seems to be very frequent in France. This study aimed at describing risk taking driving behaviours associated in France with using connections to have traffic tickets cancelled (ticket fixing).


METHODS
Retrospective study on driving behaviour and road safety conducted between March and December 2001 within a cohort of French employees.


METHODS
France.


METHODS
Employees of the French national utility company who have been followed up since 1989. The sample comprises 10 594 men aged 53-63 years and 3258 women aged 48-63 in 2001.


RESULTS
One third of the men and one fifth of the women reported that they had had a ticket fixed at some time. Those who reported having tickets fixed were more likely than the others to report high driving speeds (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were 1.24, 1.52, and 1.66 in built up areas, on rural roads, and on motorways respectively), to report driving while under the influence (aOR = 1.39), and to report risky use of cellular phone while driving (aOR = 1.83). In addition, participants who reported having tickets fixed were more likely to have had at least one serious road traffic accident in the past 11 years (aOR = 1.21).


CONCLUSIONS
Indulgence and the use of connections are common practices in France. These results suggest that it is to confer a feeling of impunity that jeopardises efforts to combat unsafe driving. Abolition of these traditions is essential to ensure the credibility of preventive and repressive measures.
Lagarde
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E
INSERM U88, IFR69, Saint-Maurice Cedex, France. emmanuel.lagarde@st-maurice.inserm.fr
Chiron
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M
Lafont
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S
D000056:Accident Prevention; D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005249:Fees and Charges / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking