title: Racial differences in liver inflammation and fibrosis related to chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is more prevalent in black compared with white Americans. However, the natural course of HCV in black patients has not been defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective comparison of initial liver tests, HCV genotype and viral load, and liver histology findings in 87 black and 136 white American chronic hepatitis C patients who were evaluated at the University of Maryland between 1995 and 1998. The liver biopsy examinations were interpreted by using the Knodell Histologic Activity Index (HAI) criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Black HCV patients were older (46.3 vs. 43.3 yr; P = 0.004) and were more likely to be infected with HCV genotype 1 (95% vs. 75%). The modes of HCV transmission, estimated duration of HCV infection, and prevalence of alcohol abuse were similar in the 2 groups. Yet, black patients had lower mean total HAI scores (7.6 vs. 8.7; P = 0.021), periportal hepatocyte necrosis scores (P = 0.021), and liver fibrosis scores (P = 0.049). In keeping with less hepatic necroinflammatory activity, black patients had a lower mean serum alanine transaminase (ALT) level (85.5 vs. 122.7; P = 0.002). Black patients also had lower serum iron levels (P = 0.009). There were no racial differences in the prevalence of increased iron studies and hepatic iron loading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black chronic HCV patients have milder liver necroinflammation and fibrosis than white patients with similar HCV duration. These differences in liver histology were not explained by a variance in hepatic iron loading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, The University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, USA.
authors.forename: Kester
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Crosse
authors.forename: Onuora G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Umeadi
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Anania
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laurin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: Cinthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drachenberg
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Howell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000821:virology*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019562:Viral Load; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D007501:Iron