title: Effects of exercise on gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
abstract: Exercise leads to increases in circulating levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to a simultaneous, seemingly paradoxical increase in both pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Whether this is paralleled by changes in gene expression within the circulating population of PBMCs is not fully understood. Fifteen healthy men (18-30 yr old) performed 30 min of constant work rate cycle ergometry (approximately 80% peak O2 uptake). Blood samples were obtained preexercise (Pre), end-exercise (End-Ex), and 60 min into recovery (Recovery), and gene expression was measured using microarray analysis (Affymetrix GeneChips). Significant differential gene expression was defined with a posterior probability of differential expression of 0.99 and a Bayesian P value of 0.005. Significant changes were observed from Pre to End-Ex in 311 genes, from End-Ex to Recovery in 552 genes, and from Pre to Recovery in 293 genes. Pre to End-Ex upregulation of PBMC genes related to stress and inflammation [e.g., heat shock protein 70 (3.70-fold) and dual-specificity phosphatase-1 (4.45-fold)] was followed by a return of these genes to baseline by Recovery. The gene for interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (an anti-inflammatory mediator) increased between End-Ex and Recovery (1.52-fold). Chemokine genes associated with inflammatory diseases [macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (1.84-fold) and -1beta (2.88-fold), and regulation-on-activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (1.34-fold)] were upregulated but returned to baseline by Recovery. Exercise also upregulated growth and repair genes such as epiregulin (3.50-fold), platelet-derived growth factor (1.55-fold), and hypoxia-inducible factor-I (2.40-fold). A single bout of heavy exercise substantially alters PBMC gene expression characterized in many cases by a brisk activation and deactivation of genes associated with stress, inflammation, and tissue repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Caiozzo
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zaldivar
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nemet
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: She-Pin
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: J Denis
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Heck
authors.forename: G Wesley
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hatfield
authors.forename: Dan M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D016207:Cytokines