title: Screening for visual impairment in elderly patients with hip fracture: validating a simple bedside test.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  1. To assess the prevalence of visual impairment in those patients who sustain proximal hip fracture after a simple fall. 2. To test the validity of a simple screening test to identify patients with visual impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients on the orthopaedic rehabilitation ward recuperating from proximal hip fracture were recruited. The nurse screener and examining Ophthalmologist independently assessed the patients' distance visual acuity and visual field to confrontation. In addition, the nurse screener assessed for the presence of cataract in the red reflex and the examining Ophthalmologist performed a dilated slit-lamp examination. On completion of the examination, the Ophthalmologist documented the cause(s) of any visual impairment found.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 89 patients were assessed. In all, 29 patients (33%) could be classified as visually impaired using the United States criteria and 52 patients (58%) had a distance visual acuity of 6/18 or worse in at least one eye. The test reliably identified those patients with visual impairment (sensitivity 94% (+/-5%), specificity 92% (+/-6%)), but was less reliable at identifying those patients with potentially remedial visual impairment (sensitivity 70% (+/-10%), specificity 92% (+/-6%)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The level of visual impairment in this group of patients is high and screening for visual impairment in the elderly with a history of falls is justified. We have demonstrated that a suitably trained member of the rehabilitation team can identify over 94% of those patients with impaired vision. We believe this simple test should now be incorporated into the assessment of all patients requiring rehabilitation after a proximal hip fracture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK. Dsquirrell123@aol.com
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Squirrell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mawer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Z I
authors.initials: ZI
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Pepper
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002386:Cataract / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D009732:Nursing Care / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology