title: Initiation of insulin glargine in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glargine (Lantus) is a recently approved, long-acting insulin analog that is increasingly being used in children with diabetes. The aim of this retrospective chart review was to summarize our experience in starting glargine in children and adolescents with diabetes. SUBJECTS AND STUDY METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 71 children with type 1 diabetes (29 boys and 42 girls) who initiated glargine therapy to improve glycemic control between 1 June 2001 and 30 June 2002. Data were collected for 6 months before and 6 months after adding glargine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects' mean age [+/-standard deviation (SD)] at diagnosis of diabetes was 7.5 +/- 4.1 yr. Mean age at initiation of glargine therapy was 11.5 +/- 4.9 yr. The total daily long-acting insulin dose decreased by about 20% after initiating glargine therapy. There were no significant differences in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and blood glucose control prior to and after initiating glargine therapy (HbA1c at baseline 8.9 +/- 1.6% and HbA1c after 6 months of glargine therapy was 8.9 +/- 1.5%). Overall, blood glucose concentrations did not differ significantly throughout the study. Patients who switched to glargine because of nocturnal hypoglycemia had a 65% decrease in nocturnal blood glucose reading less than 50 mg/dL. There were three seizures in the first week after initiating glargine therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective study suggests that glargine is at least as effective as other long-acting insulins but that care must be taken during the conversion process to avoid hypoglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Chin Yao
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Darrell M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buckingham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016883:Diabetic Ketoacidosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane