title: Enhancement of the natural organic matter removal from drinking water by nanofiltration.
abstract: Finnish surface waters are abundant in natural organic matter. Natural organic matter can be removed from drinking water in a water treatment process by coagulation and filtration. The standard treatment operations are not able to remove the smallest molar mass fraction of organic matter and the intermediate molar mass matter is only partly removed. The removal of residual natural organic matter from drinking water by nanofiltration was evalueted in this study. Three different nanofiltration membranes were compared in filtering six pre-treated surface waters. The total organic carbon content of the feed waters varied from 2.0 to 4.2 mg l(-1). Other water quality parameters measured were conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, UV-absorbance, SUVA, E2/E3 value and molecular size distribution by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The natural organic matter removal efficiencies of the membranes were good and varied between 100% and 49%, and between 85% and 47% according to molecular size distribution and total organic carbon measurements, respectively. Removal of different molecular size fractions varied from 100% to 56%, 100% to 54% and 88% to 19%, regarding high molar mass, intermediate molar mass and low molar mass organic matter, respectively. The Desal-5 DL membrane produced the highest natural organic matter removals.
authors.affiliation: Tampere University of Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Matilainen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liikanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lindqvist
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tuhkanen
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004326:Drinking; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D036103:Nanotechnology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D002244:Carbon