title: Possible mechanisms of gender bias in SLE: a new hypothesis involving a comparison of SLE with atopy.
abstract: The prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is far higher in females than in males, and numerous investigations of this gender bias have been performed from several perspectives. Sex hormones, particularly estrogens, may be significant in causing the gender discrepancy. This article discusses the possible importance of estrogens in regulating the expression of and responsivity to autoantigens in SLE and in atopic disorders, which are associated with hyperreactivity to exogenous antigens. Estrogens seem to play an important role in the overexpression of endogenous autoantigens, such as human endogenous retroviruses (HERV), and this may be related to the existence of a gender bias in the incidence of SLE but not atopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Juntendo University Izu-Nagaoka Hospital, Tagata-gun, Shizuoka, Japan. isekigawa@mva.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sekigawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hira
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsuishi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogasawara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000917:Antibody Formation; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones