title: Antiapoptotic mechanisms of benidipine in the ischemic/reperfused heart.
abstract: 1. Considerable evidence indicates that calcium plays a critical role in apoptosis. We have previously shown that benidipine, a vasodilatory calcium channel blocker, attenuates postischemia myocardial apoptosis. The present study was designed to determine the mechanisms by which benidipine exerts its antiapoptotic effect. 2. Adult male rats were subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Rats were randomized to receive either vehicle or benidipine (10 microg x kg(-1), i.v.) 10 min before reperfusion. 3. Compared with rats receiving vehicle, those rats treated with benidipine had reduced postischemic myocardial apoptosis as evidenced by decreased TUNEL-positive staining (8.4+/-1.2 vs 15.3+/-1.3%, P<0.01) and caspase-3 activity (1.94+/-0.25 vs 3.43+/-0.29, P<0.01). 4. Benidipine treatment significantly reduced mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation, but had no effect on caspase-8 activation, suggesting that benidipine exerts its antiapoptotic effect by inhibiting the mitochondrial-mediated, but not death receptor-mediated, apoptotic pathway. 4. 5. Benidipine treatment not only increased the maximal activity of ERK1/2 at 10 min after reperfusion, but also prolonged the duration of ERK1/2 activation. Benidipine treatment had no significant effect on other apoptotic regulating molecules, such as p38 MAPK. 6. Taken together, our present study demonstrated for the first time the differential regulation of a calcium channel blocker. Benidipine tilted the balance between ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK toward an antiapoptotic state, decreased mitochondrial cytochrome c release, reduced caspase-9 activation, and attenuated subsequent caspase-3 activation and postischemic myocardial apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Sansom Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Hui-Rong
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Wen-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Erhe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Theodore A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Christopher
authors.forename: Bernard L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xin L
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Ma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D005419:Flavonoids; C061004:benidipine; D045304:Cytochromes c; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505528:Casp8 protein, rat; C506435:Casp9 protein, rat; D053181:Caspase 8; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one