title: Homozygous CYP2B6 *6 (Q172H and K262R) correlates with high plasma efavirenz concentrations in HIV-1 patients treated with standard efavirenz-containing regimens.
abstract: Efavirenz (EFV) is metabolized by cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) in the liver. We analyzed the genotypes of CYP2B6 and their contribution to plasma EFV concentrations in 35 EFV-treated patients in International Medical Center of Japan. The mean plasma EFV concentration of patients with CYP2B6 *6/*6 (Q172H and K262R) (25.4+/-7.5 microM, +/-SD, n = 2) was significantly higher than that of patients with genotypes *6 heterozygote (9.9+/-3.3 microM, n = 10) or without alleles *6 (8.0+/-2.6 microM, n = 23) (p < 0.0001). To confirm our result, we further analyzed nine patients (three with high EFV concentrations and arbitrarily selected six with normal EFV concentrations) treated in Osaka National Hospital, and it resulted that the only three patients with the high concentrations were the *6/*6 holder. EFV dose could be decreased in those patients harboring the genotype to reduce toxicity with compromising potency, representing the first step of the Tailor-Made therapy of HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Clinical Center, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gatanaga
authors.forename: Natsuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tachikawa
authors.forename: Katsuji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teruya
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Munehiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirasaka
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oka
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000097:blood*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D065702:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1; D010078:Oxazines / Q000097:blood*; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D010078:Oxazines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D065702:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; C098320:efavirenz