title: Automated intermittent epidural boluses improve analgesia induced by intrathecal fentanyl during labour.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the efficacy of epidural continual intermittent boluses (CIB) with a continuous epidural infusion (CEI) in prolonging labour analgesia induced by the combined spinal epidural (CSE) technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSE was instituted in 42 nulliparous parturients at the L3 to 4 level with intrathecal (IT) fentanyl 25 micro g followed by an epidural test dose of 3 mL of 1.5% lidocaine. These parturients were then randomly assigned to receive either epidural CIB (n = 21) or CEI (n = 21) with 0.1% ropivacaine and fentanyl 2 micro g x mL(-1). For the CIB, 5 mL boluses were given hourly, with the first bolus 30 min postinduction. CEI at the rate of 5 mL.hr(-1) was initiated in the minute after CSE. The duration of analgesia, pain score, degree of sensorimotor block were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From Kaplan Meier survival analysis, the duration of analgesia was significantly longer in CIB (mean survival time 239 +/- SD 24 min vs 181 +/- 17, P < 0.05 using log rank test). During the first three hours postblock, the median sensory block to cold was higher in CIB (P < 0.05, Mann U Whitney test) but no difference in blood pressure was detected [P > 0.05, repeated measure analysis of variance (RMANOVA)]. The serial pain scores were lower in the CIB (P < 0.05, RMANOVA).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CIB prolonged the duration and improved the quality of analgesia. CIB could have resulted in an improved spread of analgesics in the epidural space or encouraged a direct passage of infusate into the IT space. This could have also rendered a higher sensory block to cold in the CIB group. CIB is a good alternative to CEI for the maintenance of epidural analgesia after CSE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. sebnjess@singnet.com.sg
authors.forename: Sebastian M H
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Alex T H
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Sia
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D005283:Fentanyl