title: Cigarette smoke extract inhibits angiogenesis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells: the role of calpain.
abstract: Angiogenesis is an integral part of both the pulmonary inflammatory response to chronic exposure to cigarette smoke and the lung tissue remodeling associated with cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To investigate the role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of COPD, we evaluated the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on angiogenesis of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). Incubation of PAEC with 2.5-10% CSE resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of endothelial monolayer wound repair. CSE also caused inhibition of tube formation on Matrigel, migration in a Boyden chamber, and proliferation of PAEC. Because calpain, a family of calcium-dependent intracellular proteases, mediates cytoskeletal signaling in endothelial motility, we explored the role of calpain in the CSE-induced inhibition of endothelial angiogenesis. Incubation of CSE resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in calpain activity. Calpain inhibitor-1, a specific inhibitor of calpain, potentiates inhibitory effect of CSE on the endothelial monolayer wound repair, tube formation, cell migration, and cell proliferation. Transfection of PAEC with antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides of calpastatin, the major endogenous calpain inhibitor, prevented CSE-induced increase in calpastatin protein content and CSE-induced decreases in calpain activity. It also prevented CSE-induced decreases in monolayer wound repair, tube formation, and migration. These results suggest that CSE attenuates angiogenesis of PAEC and the mechanism involves inhibition of calpain. Impaired angiogenesis may impede the repair process in the lungs of cigarette smokers and contribute to the altered structural remodeling observed in the lungs of patients with cigarette smoke-related COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-1197, USA. ysu@ufl.edu
authors.forename: Yunchao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Wengang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Zhaosheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Block
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D023421:Models, Animal; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013552:Swine; D014162:Transfection; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C033668:calpastatin; D002154:Calpain