title: [Patellar instability: arthroscopic surgery, indications and techniques].
abstract: A significant incidence of knee pain and disability arises from patellofemoral disorders. An accurate diagnosis relies both on a comprehensive history and a careful physical examination; radiologic modalities also play an important part in the diagnosis and follow-up. Most patellofemoral disorders can be examined in three groups: pain due to soft tissue abnormalities, patellar instability, and patellofemoral osteoarthritis. Conservative therapy can be successful in many patellofemoral disorders. Surgical treatment consists of lateral release, medial plication and reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament, proximal and distal realignments, patellar osteotomies, and patellectomy. In traumatic dislocations primary reconstruction or arthroscopy assisted medial stabilization can be performed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medicine Faculty of Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. mn-doral@bim.net.tr
authors.forename: Mahmut Nedim
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Doral
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tetik
authors.forename: O Ahmet
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Atay
authors.forename: Gürsel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leblebicioğlu
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aydoğ
authors.forename: Inci
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akarcali
authors.forename: Defne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaya
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D006801:Humans; D031222:Patellar Dislocation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*