title: Aerodynamic sizing of metered dose inhalers: an evaluation of the Andersen and Next Generation pharmaceutical impactors and their USP methods.
abstract: The particle sizing performance of a Next Generation Pharmaceutical Impactor (NGI) was compared to that of an Andersen cascade impactor (ACI). A single lot of Vanceril MDIs containing beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) was used throughout. MDIs were sampled into NGI and ACI in accordance with USP recommendations, at 30.0 and 28.3 L/min, respectively, following 1, 2, 6, and 30 actuations with or without a silicone cup or stage coating, to determine the apparent particle size distributions (PSD) of BDP. The mass balance and the statistical comparability of drug deposits were assured on a "per actuation basis" across all experiments, demonstrating "good cascade impactor practices." Interstage deposition or "wall losses" in NGI were found to be lower than those in ACI, although their determination was laborious in NGI. The PSD profiles for Vanceril from a single actuation were distinguishable between NGI and ACI, when uncoated collection surfaces were used, most specifically for drug mass <4-microm aerodynamic diameter (p < 0.05). Silicone coating of collection surfaces and an increased number of actuations were shown to result in PSD profile shifts for both NGI and ACI. Such effects were most pronounced for NGI, although coating the collection surfaces and/or increasing the number of actuations improved drug retention significantly on the upper stages of NGI, and thereby, minimized the effects of particle bounce of BDP from Vanceril MDIs. PSD profiles from a single actuation could be determined reliably in either of these impactors, provided that coated collection surfaces were employed; also, cumulative % mass undersize profiles were similar between instruments. However, small differences in PSD profiles still existed to support NGI's design claims for reduced "overlap" in its stage collection efficiency curves.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N 12th Street, P.O. Box 980533, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakagami
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hindle
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Byron
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000592:standards; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers / Q000592:standards*; D010316:Particle Size
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents