title: Portal enteric-drained solitary pancreas transplantation without surveillance biopsy: is it safe?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most solitary pancreas transplants (SPTx) fail due to unrecognized rejection episodes. Consequently, SPTx are monitored by drainage into the bladder or by surveillance biopsies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2001 and June 2003, a consecutive series of 48 SPTx were performed using portal enteric drainage (PED). Rejection episodes were diagnosed empirically, based on the elevated pancreatic enzymes without a surveillance biopsy. Immunosuppression consisted of basiliximab (n = 42) or ATG (n = 6), low-dose steroids, MMF, and tacrolimus. Donors (mean age 28.9 year; range 9 to 54 year) were selected according to standard criteria irrespective of HLA match, although the best HLA matching was considered at the time of graft allocation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a mean cold ischemia time of 676 minutes (range 475 to 900 minutes), all but two pancreata (95.8%) functioned immediately. Relaparotomy was required in seven cases (14.6%). Three grafts were lost in the early posttransplant period due to hyperacute rejection. Two additional grafts were lost later due to arterial thrombosis or to chronic rejection. After a median follow-up period of 12.2 months (range 0.2 to 27 months) three further recipients were diagnosed with rejection episodes that were reversed with steroid boluses. Actuarial 1-year patient and graft survival rates were 100% and 93.1% and 2-year figures 100% and 88.7%, respectively. At the longest follow-up no recipient was diagnosed with a malignancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With current immunosuppression protocols SPTx achieves high rates of insulin independence even without surveillance biopsy or routine use of T-cell-depleting therapies.
authors.affiliation: Tuscany Region Referral Center for Treatment of Pancreatic Diseases, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Boggi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vistoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Chiaro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Signori
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.forename: T Vanadia
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Bartolo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coppelli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fossati
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Prato
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mosca
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000379:methods* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D011168:Portal System; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome