title: Reference values for arterial blood gases in the elderly.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present reference values for arterial blood gas measurements for persons > 70 years old. At the same time, we wish to examine how different criteria for exclusion from the reference sample with regard to previous smoking and various comorbidities might influence reference values.
  
  
  METHODS
  After first screening a random sample of the general elderly population by postal questionnaire, we selected 146 men and women without respiratory disease, significant dyspnea, symptomatic heart disease or hypertension, or current smoker status. Arterial blood samples were drawn from subjects while in the supine position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (SD; lower limit of normal) PaO(2) and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)) for men was 77.0 mm Hg (9.1; 62.0) and 95.3% (1.4; 93.0), respectively, and for women was 73.5 mm Hg (8.4; 59.6) and 94.8% (1.7; 92.0). Mean (SD; upper limit of normal) PaCO(2) was 39.4 mm Hg (3.3; 44.8) for both sexes. None of the blood gas variables were associated with age, smoking history, or presence of various comorbidities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reference values for PaO(2) and SaO(2) in elderly persons are sex specific but age independent. Ex-smokers and persons with nonpulmonary comorbidities who do not have significant respiratory symptoms need not be excluded from the reference sample for arterial blood gases.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Internal Medicine, Deaconess Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. jon.hardie@med.uib.no
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hardie
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: A Sonia
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Buist
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ellingsen
authors.forename: Odd
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mørkve
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D013147:Spirometry