title: Oxygenation of tumor recurrences following fractionated radiotherapy of primary tumors. Studies on the rhabdomyosarcoma R1H of the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumor oxygenation is well recognized as a major factor of tumor response to radiotherapy. In this respect, a number of studies have examined the response of primary tumors, whereas little is known about the oxygenation of tumor recurrences after radiotherapy. It was the aim of this study to investigate the oxygenation of tumor recurrences after preceding irradiation of the primary tumor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor oxygenation in primary tumors and recurrences of rat rhabdomyosarcomas R1H was measured by using pO(2) probes and Eppendorf pO(2) histography. Primary tumors were irradiated at a (60)Co radiotherapy facility with a total dose of 75 Gy, given in 30 fractions over 6 weeks. Oxygenation was measured in R1H tumors before and directly after completion of irradiation. In R1H recurrences oxygenation was determined, when they reached the same size as the previously treated primary tumors (V(o) = 3.1 +/- 0.5 cm(3)). Additionally, tumor microvessel density and the intercapillary distance of tumor blood vessels were determined on histological sections using a counting grid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor oxygenation in R1H recurrences was significantly lower when compared to primary R1H tumors. In primary tumors a median pO(2) of 17 +/- 7 mmHg was measured. By contrast, the median pO(2) in R1H recurrences was only 5 +/- 5 mmHg (p < 0.05). The high frequency of pO(2) values < 5 mmHg indicated that R1H recurrences were significantly more hypoxic (58 +/- 5%) in comparison to primary tumors (22 +/- 4%). The histological sections of the R1H recurrences showed a higher heterogeneity in their tissue structure than primary nonirradiated tumors. The morphometric studies demonstrated a reduced microvessel density (91 +/- 21/9.04 mm(2) in the tumor periphery; p = 0.0001) compared with recurrent tumors (68 +/- 26) and an enhanced mean distance of tumor blood vessels, especially in the center of the R1H recurrences (184 +/- 20 vs. 243 +/- 70 mm; p = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In R1H rhabdomyosarcomas tumor oxygenation in recurrent tumors following radiation therapy is significantly lower than in primary tumors. This observation has to be taken into account in cases of tumor recurrences where repeated radiotherapy, chemotherapy or combined treatment modalities are used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Marienkrankenhaus Hamburg, Germany. kehrl.hno@marienkrankenhaus.org
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kehrl
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sagowski
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zywietz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*