Comparison of catecholamine hormone release in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the pattern of catecholamine response in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS).


METHODS
Adrenaline, noradrenaline, and renin levels were measured at 5 time points in 12 patients undergoing 13 CEAs (1 bilateral) and 13 patients undergoing unilateral CAS. Arterial blood samples were taken at the following time points: (1) after induction in CEA patients or 5 minutes following first contrast injection in CAS patients, (2) 5 minutes following ICA clamp release in surgical patients or deflation of the balloon in the CAS cohort, (3) 60 minutes following ICA clamp release in surgical patients or deflation of the balloon in the CAS cohort, and (4) 24 hours following the procedure. Intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate were recorded using radial arterial monitoring. Changes in adrenaline, noradrenaline, and renin levels are expressed as ratios versus baseline.


RESULTS
Patterns of adrenaline and noradrenaline release were significantly different in patients undergoing CAS and CEA, with much higher and more variable surges of adrenaline and noradrenaline occurring in CEA patients. Adrenaline and noradrenaline levels increased significantly over baseline following carotid artery clamping in patients undergoing CEA (noradrenaline ratio before clamping: 1.54+/-1.25, 24 hours after unclamping: 8.38+/-16.35 [p<0.001]; adrenaline ratio before clamping: 1.12+/-0.49, 60 minutes after unclamping: 17.59+/-19.14 [p<0.001]). Conversely, in patients undergoing CAS, catecholamine levels remained unchanged (noradrenaline ratio before dilation: 0.96+/-0.23, 24 hours after the procedure: 0.92+/-0.32 [p=NS]; adrenaline ratio before dilation: 0.83+/-0.33, 60 minutes after balloon deflation: 0.56+/-0.32 [p=NS]).


CONCLUSIONS
CAS is associated with a significantly less marked catecholamine response than CEA, which may reflect down-regulation of the sympathetic nervous system in response to carotid sinus stimulation during carotid angioplasty.
Barry
Mary Claire
MC
Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. maryclairebarry@eircom.net
Hendriks
Johanna M
JM
Alberts
Gooitzen
G
Boomsma
Frans
F
Van Dijk
Lukas C
LC
Pattynama
Peter M T
PM
Poldermans
Don
D
Bouchier-Hayes
David J
DJ
Van Urk
Hero
H
Van Sambeek
Marc R H M
MR
D000368:Aged; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood*; D015607:Stents
D012083:Renin; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine