title: [Protective effect of ketamine against septic shock in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects and the mechanism of ketamine on hemodynamics and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of plasma in septic shock rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to reproduce septic shock model. Twenty healthy and male Sprague-Dawlay (SD) rats weighing (225+/-25) g were randomly divided into four equal groups: Sham CLP group, CLP group, ketamine I (KT I) and ketamine II (KT II) group. Thirty minutes before CLP, normal saline (0.9 %) was infused continuously at a rate of 5 ml.kg(-1).h(-1) through the left femoral vein cannula in sham CLP and CLP group, and ketamine (5 mg.kg(-1).h(-1) and 10 mg.kg(-1).h(-1), respectively) was infused continuously in KT I or KT II group. The right femoral artery was cannulated to monitor mean arterial pressure. The plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CLP produced progressive hypotension, and a large increase in the plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations. The hemodynamic responses were reversed and the cytokine responses were suppressed in ketamine treated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketamine administration has protective effect against septic shock in CLP rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China. sxmcl1018@163.com
authors.forename: Xue-Min
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Jian-Guo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yan-Lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Zhao-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Bao-Hui
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Zheng-Fang
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007649:Ketamine