title: A survey of ovary-, testis-, and soma-biased gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sexual dimorphism results in the formation of two types of individuals with specialized reproductive roles and is most evident in the germ cells and gonads.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have undertaken a global analysis of transcription between the sexes using a 31,464 element FlyGEM microarray to determine what fraction of the genome shows sex-biased expression, what tissues express these genes, the predicted functions of these genes, and where these genes map onto the genome. Females and males (both with and without gonads), dissected testis and ovary, females and males with genetically ablated germlines, and sex-transformed flies were sampled.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using any of a number of criteria, we find extensive sex-biased expression in adults. The majority of cases of sex differential gene expression are attributable to the germ cells. There is also a large class of genes with soma-biased expression. There is little germline-biased expression indicating that nearly all genes with germline expression also show sex-bias. Monte Carlo simulations show that some genes with sex-biased expression are non-randomly distributed in the genome.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. michaelpa@intra.niddk.nih.gov
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nuttall
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Minor
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Naiman
authors.forename: Jining
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Doctolero
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vainer
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malley
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eastman
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oliver
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D010053:Ovary / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012107:Research Design; D012737:Sex Factors; D013737:Testis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger