title: Spontaneous scalp arteriovenous fistula in a child with hartnup disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the endovascular treatment of a spontaneous scalp arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in a child with Hartnup disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6-year-old girl with Hartnup disease presented with recurrent attacks of intense, migraine-like, right-sided headache; a tender, pulsatile small mass was observed in the scalp. Selective digital subtraction angiography revealed a high-flow scalp AVF fed by the frontal branch of the right superficial temporal artery draining via the scalp veins. Endovascular treatment was performed by direct puncture of the distal feeding artery and injection of 2 mL of a 50% mixture of N-butyl-cyanoacrylate and Lipiodol. Serial arteriograms performed 6 months and 2 years later documented complete resolution of the lesion. The patient has had no recurrence of clinical symptoms or local signs for recanalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scalp AVFs may progress in size, causing significantly disabling symptoms, particularly in children. We recommend endovascular treatment at the earliest possible stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Charité, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Doris Maria
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Goetz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benndorf
authors.forename: Arpad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Von Moers
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Campi
authors.forename: Thomas-Nicolas
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D004659:Enbucrilate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006250:Hartnup Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D010690:Phlebography; D012535:Scalp / Q000098:blood supply*; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D004659:Enbucrilate