title: Tissue Doppler imaging is superior to strain rate imaging and postsystolic shortening on the prediction of reverse remodeling in both ischemic and nonischemic heart failure after cardiac resynchronization therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of noninvasive techniques have been used to predict the effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure patients, in particular left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling. This study compared the relative predictive values of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and strain-rate imaging (SRI) parameters for LV reverse remodeling in patients who received CRT and examined for potential differences in ischemic (n=22) and nonischemic (n=32) heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TDI and SRI were performed at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Eighteen parameters of intraventricular and interventricular asynchrony based on the time to peak myocardial contraction (Ts) and time to peak strain rate (Tsr) were compared, along with postsystolic shortening (PSS). Reverse remodeling with reduction of LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and gain in ejection fraction (all P<0.001) was observed in the whole study population. The standard deviation of Ts of 12 LV segments (Ts-SD) is the most powerful predictor of reverse remodeling in both the ischemic (r=-0.65, P<0.001) and nonischemic (r=-0.79, P<0.001) groups. The PSS of 12 LV segments was a good predictor only for the nonischemic (r=-0.64, P<0.001) but not the ischemic (r=0.32, P=NS) group. However, parameters of SRI and interventricular asynchrony failed to predict reverse remodeling. By multiple regression analysis, independent parameters included Ts-SD in both groups (P<0.005) and PSS of 12 LV segments in the nonischemic group (P=0.03). The area of the receiver operating characteristic curve was largest for Ts-SD (0.94; CI=0.88 to 1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ts-SD is the most powerful predictor of LV reverse remodeling and was consistently useful for ischemic and nonischemic heart failure. However, PSS is useful only for nonischemic pathogenesis, whereas the role of SRI parameters was not supported by the present study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong. cmyu@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Cheuk-Man
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jeffrey Wing-Hong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chi-Kin
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Yat-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Leo C C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kum
authors.forename: Shun-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sanderson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D013599:Systole; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling