title: Searching for coeliac disease in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A non-negligible percentage of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a leading cause of hepatic progressive disorder related to insulin resistance, have no metabolic risk factors, and abnormal intestinal permeability has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of the liver damage. Coeliac disease, a curable disorder characterised by inflammatory mucosal damage, may show hepatic histological features similar to steatohepatitis. Conflicting data have been reported on the prevalence of coeliac disease in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To search for coeliac disease in a series of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by screening with anti-tissue transglutaminase and anti-endomysium antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-nine consecutive patients with hypertransaminasemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, 38 (64%) with steatohepatitis. Anti-endomysium antibodies were assayed by indirect immunofluorescence, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase by ELISA. Patients who tested positive underwent HLA DQ typing and endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tissue transglutaminase antibodies were positive in six (10%) patients and anti-endomysium in two (3.4%); only two (3.4%), positive for both anti-endomysium positive and anti-transglutaminase, resulted to have coeliac disease based on histological findings. After 6 months of gluten-free diet, liver enzymes normalised.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of silent coeliac disease is 3.4% in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver. The inclusion of anti-endomysium antibodies test in studying patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver and persistent biochemical abnormalities has to be taken into account, since positivity for tissue transglutaminase antibodies, in the absence of confirmatory anti-endomysium antibodies, is not sufficient to perform diagnostic endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department Medical Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, University of Milan, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy. mariateresa.bardella@unimi.it
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Bardella
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valenti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pagliari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peracchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farè
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fracanzani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fargion
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D011503:Transglutaminases