The viral infectivity factor (Vif) of HIV-1 unveiled.
The viral infectivity factor (Vif) of HIV type-1 (HIV-1) is essential for efficient viral replication, yet was, until recently, enigmatic. This resulted from the complexity and cellular specificity of its function and the correspondingly complex systems that are required for its investigation. These limitations have been overcome and Vif function has been rapidly elucidated, with implications for the development of drugs to block its activity. These studies have revealed a novel component of the innate immune system, APOBEC3G, that lethally hypermutates retroviruses, including HIV-1. For HIV-1, the competition between the virus and APOBEC3G is tipped in favor of the invader by Vif, which binds to APOBEC3G and triggers its polyubiquitination and rapid degradation, thereby preventing its entry into progeny virions.
Rose
Kristine M
KM
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA.
Marin
Mariana
M
Kozak
Susan L
SL
Kabat
David
D
D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase; D016346:Gene Products, vif / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism; D014774:Virulence / Q000502:physiology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
D016346:Gene Products, vif; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; D054320:vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase