title: Variations in use of second-generation antipsychotic medication by race among adult psychiatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined variations in the use of second-generation antipsychotic medication among African-American and non-Hispanic white patients in a national sample of adults who were treated by psychiatrists.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used data from studies of psychiatric patients and treatments that were conducted by the American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education's (APIRE's) Practice Research Network (PRN). Psychiatrists provided detailed clinical data for 126 African-American patients and 574 white patients who were randomly selected and for whom antipsychotic medications were prescribed. The study assessed differences by race in the use of second-generation antipsychotic medication, adjusting for clinical, sociodemographic, and health-system characteristics, including patients' source of payment for treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  African-American patients were less likely than white patients to receive second-generation antipsychotic medications (49 percent compared with 66 percent). After the analysis statistically adjusted for clinical, sociodemographic, and health-system characteristics, African-American patients remained less likely than white patients to receive second-generation antipsychotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because African Americans tended to receive medications that are not first-line recommended treatments and that have a greater risk of producing tardive dyskinesia and extrapyramidal side effects, African Americans could be expected to suffer diminished clinical status. This disparity may also contribute to lower rates of adherence and to more frequent emergency department visits and psychiatric hospitalizations among African Americans
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herbeck
authors.forename: Joyce C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Ilze
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruditis
authors.forename: Farifteh F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fitek
authors.forename: Carl C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Lonnie R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Snowden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000208:ethnology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents