title: Serotonin and vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonists attenuate rotavirus diarrhoea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanisms underlying intestinal secretion in rotavirus diarrhoea remain to be established. We previously reported that rotavirus evokes intestinal fluid and electrolyte secretion by activation of the enteric nervous system. We now report that antagonists for the 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor (5-HT(3)) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor, but not antagonists for 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor or the muscarinic receptor, attenuate rotavirus induced diarrhoea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurotransmitter antagonists were administered to wild-type or neurokinin 1 receptor knockout mice infected with homologous (EDIM) or heterologous (RRV) rotavirus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While RRV infected mice had diarrhoea for 3.3 (0.2) days (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.04-3.56), the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist (granisetron) and the VIP receptor antagonist (4Cl-D-Phe(6),Leu(17))-VIP both reduced the total number of days of RRV induced diarrhoea to 2.1 (0.3) (95% CI 1.31-2.9) (p<0.01). EDIM infected mice treated with granisetron had a significantly shorter duration of diarrhoea (5.6 (0.4) days) compared with untreated mice (8.0 (0.4) days; p<0.01). Experiments with neurokinin 1 receptor antagonists suggest that this receptor may possibly be involved in the secretory response to rotavirus. On the other hand, rotavirus diarrhoea was not attenuated in the neurokinin 1 receptor knockout mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the neurotransmitters serotonin and VIP are involved in rotavirus diarrhoea; observations that could imply new principles for treatment of this disease with significant global impact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for infectious Disease Control, 172 82 Solna, Sweden. shirin.kordasti@nll.se
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kordasti
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sjövall
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Svensson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000930:Antidiarrheals / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D017829:Granisetron / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000502:physiology; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000502:physiology*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000930:Antidiarrheals; D017829:Granisetron; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D012701:Serotonin; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D015320:Tachykinins; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide