title: Bleeding patterns after vaginal misoprostol for treatment of early pregnancy failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dilatation and curettage (D&C) has been the usual treatment for early pregnancy failure (EPF). Medical management with misoprostol may be an effective alternative. Bleeding patterns during and after medical management of EPF are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was conducted at University-based clinics and physician offices. Eighty women <11 weeks estimated gestational age with a diagnosis of missed abortion or fetal demise were enrolled. Treatment consisted of either 800 micro g of moistened (2 ml of saline) or dry vaginal misoprostol. Self-reported bleeding and sanitary product usage were recorded in a daily 2 week diary. Haemoglobin was assessed at enrollment and 2 weeks later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After misoprostol treatment, patients reported bleeding or spotting every day for the 14 days observed. Self-assessed heavy bleeding days were few (median 3) and usually occurred immediately after treatment. Sanitary pad use was highly variable (mean 30.5, range 2-125 pads over the 2 week period) and not related to changes in haemoglobin. The mean decrease in haemoglobin was 0.5 g/dl (SD 1.2). Complete expulsion without D&C occurred in 85% of subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bleeding for at least 2 weeks after vaginal misoprostol for EPF is common. Heavy bleeding is usually limited to a few days after treatment. Clinically important changes in haemoglobin are rare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. ard4@columbia.edu
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Robilotto
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Westhoff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Forman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000027:Abortion, Incomplete / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008499:Medical Records; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D013997:Time Factors; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D006454:Hemoglobins; D016595:Misoprostol