title: Management of duodenal injuries in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The natural history and management of pediatric duodenal injuries are incompletely described. This study sought to review injury mechanism, surgical management, and outcomes from a collected series of pediatric duodenal injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review was conducted for a 10-year period of all children less than 18 years old treated for duodenal injuries at 2 pediatric trauma centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two children were treated for duodenal injuries. There were 33 blunt and 9 penetrating injuries. Injuries were classified using the Organ Injury Scale for the Duodenum. Twenty-four patients underwent operative management by primary repair (18), duodenal resection and gastrojejunostomy (4), or pyloric exclusion (2). Duodenal hematomas were treated nonoperatively in 94% of cases. The average ISS for operative versus nonoperative cases was 23 and 10, respectively. Delay in diagnosis or operative intervention (>24 hours) was associated with increased complication rate (43% v 29%) and hospitalization (32 v 20 days). Nine children requiring surgery experienced delays and were most highly associated with foreign body, child abuse, and bicycle injuries. There were no deaths caused by duodenal injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duodenal injuries in children were predominantly blunt and had a low mortality rate. When surgery was required, primary repair was usually feasible.
authors.affiliation: Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Clendenon
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Nance
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Scaife
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000293:Adolescent; D019090:Case Management; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004386:Duodenum / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000628:therapy; D006406:Hematoma / Q000628:therapy; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D022125:Lacerations / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology; D015143:Philadelphia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014193:Trauma Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014589:Utah / Q000453:epidemiology; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy