title: Genetic changes of the E-cadherin and APC tumour suppressor genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The roles of tumour suppressor genes: adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and E-cadherin (CDH1) were investigated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five human clear cell renal cell carcinomas were tested for APC gene instability by polymerase chain reaction/loss of heterozygosity using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. E-cadherin gene was analysed by PCR amplification of tetranucleotide marker (D16S752) and the alleles were visualised by PAGE/silver staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall proportion of loss of heterozygosity of the APC gene was 37.5% (9/24). D16S752 marker linked to E-cadherin gene (informativeness 91%) revealed three samples with loss of heterozygosity (7.5%). Interestingly, replication error phenotype was detected in 9.1% of clear cell renal cell carcinoma samples. Multivariate statistical analysis of samples informative for both APC and E-cadherin genes showed that, in this data set, loss of heterozygosity of the APC gene is correlated with advanced age and more severe TNM stages. Genetic changes of the E-cadherin gene, on the other hand, appear to be correlated with younger age groups and less severe TNM stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that alterations, both in APC and E-cadherin genes, are involved in the evolution and progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Microsatellite genetic instability of the E-cadherin gene indicates that another cellular mechanism, mismatch repair, may also be targeted in this malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. nina@mef.hr
authors.forename: Nives
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pećina-SLaus
authors.forename: Koraljka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gall-TroSelj
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: SLaus
authors.forename: KreSimir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Radić
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: NikuSeva-Martić
authors.forename: KreSimir
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pavelić
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D017491:Genes, APC; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm