Emission comparison of urban bus engine fueled with diesel oil and 'biodiesel' blend.
The chemical and toxicological characteristics of emissions from an urban bus engine fueled with diesel and biodiesel blend were studied. Exhaust gases were produced by a turbocharged EURO 2 heavy-duty diesel engine, operating in steady-state conditions on the European test 13 mode cycle (ECE R49). Regulated and unregulated pollutants, such as carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrated derivatives (nitro-PAHs), carbonyl compounds and light aromatic hydrocarbons were quantified. Mutagenicity of the emissions was evaluated by the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome assay. The effect of the fuels under study on the size distribution of particulate matter (PM) was also evaluated. The use of biodiesel blend seems to result in small reductions of emissions of most of the aromatic and polyaromatic compounds; these differences, however, have no statistical significance at 95% confidence level. Formaldehyde, on the other hand, has a statistically significant increase of 18% with biodiesel blend. In vitro toxicological assays show an overall similar mutagenic potency and genotoxic profile for diesel and biodiesel blend emissions. The electron microscopy analysis indicates that PM for both fuels has the same chemical composition, morphology, shape and granulometric spectrum, with most of the particles in the range 0.06-0.3 microm.
Turrio-Baldassarri
Luigi
L
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. lturrio@iss.it
Battistelli
Chiara L
CL
Conti
Luigi
L
Crebelli
Riccardo
R
De Berardis
Barbara
B
Iamiceli
Anna Laura
AL
Gambino
Michele
M
Iannaccone
Sabato
S
D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000032:analysis; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis*; D007558:Italy; D016014:Linear Models; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008861:Microsomes; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010316:Particle Size; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000032:analysis*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000235:genetics; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D005742:Gasoline; D010938:Plant Oils; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D000074262:Rapeseed Oil; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D005557:Formaldehyde