title: Soluble thrombomodulin and brain infarction: case-control and prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) concentration has been associated with recurrent coronary events, whereas in one prospective study it predicted fewer first-ever coronary events. One study found no relationship between brain infarction (BI) and sTM levels. Among all subjects of the Etude du Profil Génétique de l'Infarctus Cérébral (GENIC) cohort and those free of previous vascular history, we investigated the relationship between sTM level and BI risk, and among cases, its relationship with BI prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with BI (n=492) were consecutively recruited from 12 centers. Hospital controls without a history of stroke (n=492) were individually matched for age, sex, and center. Blood samples were collected after hospitalization. Determination of sTM levels was centralized in a single laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Soluble TM concentration significantly increased with age and hypertensive status, but was similar in cases and controls. With analyses restricted to 278 pairs of subjects with no previous vascular history, sTM concentration >59.6 microg/L (second and third tertiles compared with the first) was associated with fewer first-ever BI (adjusted odds ratio of 0.56 (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.89; P=0.014). Among the cases, increased sTM concentration was associated with a higher death rate after a median follow-up of 5.2 (1.4 to 6.4) years. The adjusted hazard ratio per 1 SD of sTM concentration increase (34.2 microg/L) was 1.19 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.39; P=0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased sTM concentration may be protective against BI in subjects with no previous vascular disease, whereas it may predict a fatal outcome in patients who have already had a BI. Consequently, sTM levels should be interpreted according to vascular history.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Bichat University Hospital and Medical School, Denis Diderot University-Paris VII, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olivot
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Labreuche
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aiach
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amarenco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D018180:Thrombomodulin