title: The role of echocardiography in diagnosing double chambered right ventricle in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the utility of echocardiography in diagnosing double chambered right ventricle (DCRV) in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Congenital Heart Diseases and Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 patients, mean age 32.5 years, 21 female, and 11 male.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transthoracic (TTE) and transoesophageal (TOE) echocardiographic examination in patients with suspected DCRV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct inspection during surgical treatment of 28 patients diagnosed as having DCRV as an isolated lesion or associated with other pathologies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Echocardiography allowed the final diagnosis of DCRV in 26 patients (81%) out of 32 studied. TTE was diagnostic in 5 (15.6%) whereas TOE was diagnostic in 21 of 21 studied by this technique. Of 6 patients with negative TTE, DCRV was identified by cardiac catheterisation in 3 and directly during surgery in the remaining 3. Of 26 patients diagnosed by echocardiography, the anomalous muscle bundle was discrete in 20 (77%) and diffuse in 6 (23%). In 23 patients (88%) right ventricular outflow obstruction was localised low in the right ventricle, and in the remaining 3 (11.5%), the obstruction was localised high in the right ventricle. Abnormal bundles localised high were discrete, bundles localised in the lower part of right ventricle were discrete in 17 (74%) and diffuse in the remaining 6 (26%). DCRV was an isolated lesion in only 2 patients (6.2%). In all subjects surgical inspection confirmed echocardiographic data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Echocardiography was very useful to diagnose DCRV in adults as well as to identify its anatomic type. Comparing two different approaches, TOE better defines the entire scope of pathology, including estimation of the resultant systolic pressure gradient within the right ventricular cavity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Congenital Heart Diseases, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Wójcik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rózański
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Siudalska
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jakubowska
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Włodarska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kowalski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000592:standards*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity