title: A study of phase separation in peptide-loaded HPMC films using T(zero)-modulated temperature DSC, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
abstract: Despite the widespread use of drug-loaded polymeric systems, there is still considerable uncertainty with regard to the nature of the distribution of the drug within the polymer matrix. The aim of this investigation was to develop thermal and microscopic techniques whereby the miscibility and spatial distribution of a model peptide, cyclosporin A (CyA), in hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) films may be studied. The new technique of T(zero)-modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (T(zero) MTDSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and pulse force mode atomic force microscopy (PFM-AFM) were used in conjunction to study films prepared using a solvent evaporation process, with a solvent extraction study performed to elucidate the nature of the observed phases. T(zero) MTDSC studies showed glass transitions for both the HPMC and CycA, with the T(g) for the HPMC and CycA seen for the mixed systems. SEM showed two spherical phases of differing electron density. PFM-AFM also showed spheres of differing adhesion that increased in size on addition of drug. Pixel intensity analysis indicated that the smaller spheres corresponded to CycA. Exposure of the films to dichloromethane, in which CycA is soluble but HPMC is not, resulted in the presence of voids that corresponded well to the spheres suggested to correspond to the drug. It was concluded that the system had undergone extensive or complete phase separation, and that the thermal and microscopic techniques outlined above are an effective means by which this issue may be studied.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
authors.forename: Samana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Grandy
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reading
authors.forename: Duncan Q M
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Craig
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning / Q000379:methods; D007785:Lactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000379:methods*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D010078:Oxazines; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D010078:Oxazines; D010455:Peptides; D008747:Methylcellulose; C071191:MK 458; D007785:Lactose