title: Effects of ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 on the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Ginseng has an anti-cancer effect in several cancer models. This study was to characterize active constituents of ginseng and their effects on proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and PC3. Cell proliferation was measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation, the intracellular calcium concentration by a dual-wavelength spectrophotometer system, effects on mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases by Western blotting, and cell attachment and morphologic changes were observed under a microscope. Among 11 ginsenosides tested, ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. EC50s of Rg3 and Rh2 on PC3 cells were 8.4 microM and 5.5 microM, respectively, and 14.1 microM and 4.4 microM on LNCaP cells, respectively. Both ginsenosides induced cell detachment and modulated three modules of MAP kinases activities differently in LNCaP and PC3 cells. These results suggest that ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2-induced cell detachment and inhibition of the proliferation of prostate cancer cells may be associated with modulation of three modules of MAP kinases.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, San 30, Chang-Jun-dong, Keum-Jung-gu, Busan 609-735, Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Hee
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Ryong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Kang-Ju
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jong-Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Dong-Soon
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Im
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D036145:Ginsenosides; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; C097367:ginsenoside Rg3; C055305:ginsenoside Rh2