title: Different risk factors in basaloid and common squamous head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse was compared between two histological subgroups of head and neck cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded, histologically confirmed surgical specimens from the oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx, comprising 67 conventional squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 10 basaloid squamous cell carcinomas (BSCC), were analyzed for the presence of HPV and HSV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The PCR products were verified by direct sequencing. Patient charts were reviewed for clinical data and risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Given an overall HPV DNA detection rate of 32.5%, a basaloid morphology of the carcinomas correlated significantly with occurrence of HPV DNA (P =.0001). An association could also be demonstrated between basaloid appearance and evidence of HSV DNA (single and combined with HPV DNA; P =.014 and 0.0429, respectively), even if this result based on a low overall HSV DNA detection rate (6.5%). Demonstration of viral DNA in the BSCC specimens was not related to tobacco or alcohol consumption. In contrast, cigarette smoking proved as significant characteristic of SCC (P =.0087). Alcohol abuse occurred also predominately in patients with SCC, but without statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results hint at differences in the etiology of two distinct histological entities of head and neck cancer. Further research in this field could complete these preliminary data and provide the background for specific preventive strategies.
authors.affiliation: Institutes of Pathology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. bleist@uni-greifdwald.de
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kleist
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bankau
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jäger
authors.forename: Micaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poetsch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000821:virology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral