title: Pharmacogenetics and individual variation in the range of amino acid adequacy: the biological aspects.
abstract: There have been major developments in our understanding of the ways in which genetic variation among individuals in a population can affect responses to drugs, and use of such information can improve the safety and efficacy of medicines. The brief review summarizes the emergence of modern pharmacogenetics, illustrating the importance of the field using the CYP 2D6 polymorphism as a paradigm. These pharmacogenetic polymorphisms are compared and contrasted with the long-established inborn errors of amino acid biochemistry, exemplified by phenylketonuria, suggesting ways in which the approaches of pharmacogenetics might inform the safe and effective use of amino acids as food additives and supplements.
authors.affiliation: The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK. jcc@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caldwell
mesh_terms: D000592:Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000235:genetics; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics; D004358:Drug Therapy; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6