title: Complete protection of neonatal rhesus macaques against oral exposure to pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus by human anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies.
abstract: Because milk-borne transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diminishes the benefits of perinatal antiviral drug therapy in developing countries, we have developed a new strategy to prevent postnatal and, possibly, intrapartum virus transmission in a primate model. Eight neonatal rhesus macaques were exposed orally to pathogenic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV); 4 neonates were then given intramuscular postexposure prophylaxis with 3 anti-HIV human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nMAbs) with potent cross-clade and cross-group neutralization activity. Untreated infants experienced high viral RNA levels and CD4(+) T-cell losses and died (median survival time, 5.5 weeks). In contrast, all 4 nMAb-treated neonates were protected from infection (P=.028); their plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and lymph nodes remained virus negative for >1 year. These data are important for designing clinical trials in human neonates and have general implications for AIDS vaccine development, as the epitopes recognized by the 3 nMAbs are conserved among diverse primary isolates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrantelli
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Pei-Lin
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Montefiori
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katinger
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stiegler
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Harold M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: McClure
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ruprecht
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015483:HIV Antibodies