title: Occupational therapy assessment of open-road driving performance: validity of directed and self-directed navigational instructional components.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to validate an assessment tool used by occupational therapists to evaluate on-road driving performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The driving assessment was conducted over a 15-km route that consisted of a range of traffic situations and contained both directed and self-directed navigational instruction. The driving performance of four groups of drivers of different ages and visual characteristics was assessed independently by an occupational therapist and driving instructor using a range of scoring criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occupational therapist scores were significantly affected by the drivers' age and visual characteristics (directed navigation, F(3,133) = 6.05, p = 0.001; self-directed navigation, F(3,133) = 5.04, p < 0.002), and these group differences were greater for self-directed navigational instruction. The occupational therapist scores were highly correlated with the driving instructor's global driver safety rating (r = 0.76, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The driving assessment instrument was a valid measure of on-road driving performance relative to an independent global driving safety evaluation. The instrument provided detailed information regarding driving performance and highlighted areas of difficulty, particularly when drivers followed self-navigational instruction.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Eye Research, School of Optometry, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road. Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia. kmallon@optusnet.com.au
authors.forename: Kerry
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mallon
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009788:Occupational Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014785:Vision, Ocular / Q000502:physiology