title: The effect of diclofenac sodium and papaverine on isolated human ureteric smooth muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pain assocaited with ureteral obstruction is caused by a rise in intraluminal pressure above the obstruction which produces an increase in tension of the ureteral smooth muscle. A reduction in pressure will result in decreased tension and relief of pain. In this study we used papaverine and a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, diclofenac sodium to decrease ureteral tension and compaired their effects on isolated human ureteric smooth muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experiment have been carried out with isolated ring preparation of human ureter. The tissue displayed spontaneous activity and contracted when exposed to KCl (40 mM). Papaverine (10(-5) M) and diclofenac sodium (10(-8)-10(-5) M) were applied on the precontracted segments and isometric variation was recorded with Nihon-Kohden TB-612 isometric transducer. Their relaxant responses were comparatively examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean relaxation obtained by diclofenac sodium and papaverine were respectively 43.19% and 28.96%. Our study showed that diclofenac sodium may be more potent than papaverine in the treatment of renal colic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Karadeniz Technical University Medical School, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sivrikaya
authors.forename: Omer Fatih
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Nursel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sivrikaya
authors.forename: Guner Kemal
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Ozgur
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D010208:Papaverine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014513:Ureter / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004008:Diclofenac; D010208:Papaverine