title: Comparison of rofecoxib and a multidose oxycodone/ acetaminophen regimen for the treatment of acute pain following oral surgery: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of a single dose of rofecoxib 50 mg with a single dose of oxycodone/acetaminophen 10/650 mg over 6 h as well as with a multidose regimen of oxycodone/acetaminophen 10/650 mg followed by oxycodone/acetaminophen 5/325 mg over 24 h.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-blind, randomized, two-phase study, patients with moderate to severe pain after surgical extraction of >or= 2 third molars, including one mandibular impaction, were treated with rofecoxib 50 mg, oxycodone/acetaminophen 10/650 mg (singledose phase) followed by 5/325 mg every 6h as needed (multidose phase), or placebo. Patients rated their pain relief and intensity at 18 time points over 24 h. Efficacy was measured over 6 and 24 h by total pain relief (TOPAR), sum of pain intensity difference (SPID), and patient global assessment of response to therapy (PGART). Primary endpoint for the single dose comparison was TOPAR over 6 h; SPID was the key 24-h endpoint. Onset of analgesic effect, peak analgesic single dose of oxycodone/acetaminophen. effect, and duration of analgesic effect were also evaluated. Adverse experiences were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  271 patients were randomized to treatment with rofecoxib (n = 121), oxycodone/acetaminophen (n = 120), or placebo (n = 30). For the single dose comparison, rofecoxib-treated patients achieved pain relief at least as effective as oxycodone/acetaminophentreated patients as assessed by TOPAR6 (12.9 vs 11.3, 95% CI on difference = [-0.1, 3.2], p = 0.059). Patients also rated a single dose of rofecoxib as at least as effective as multidose oxycodone/acetaminophen over 24 h on SPID24 (21.9 vs 18.1, 95% CI on difference = [-1.0, 8.8], p = 0.122). Patients treated with oxycodone/ acetaminophen had a shorter time to onset of analgesia than patients treated with rofecoxib (24 vs 35 min, p < 0.05). Patients in the active treatment groups achieved similar peak effects during the single-dose phase. Individuals treated with rofecoxib demonstrated a longer duration of analgesic effect than those treated with a Patients on active treatment demonstrated better efficacy than patients on placebo on these prespecified endpoints (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). Fewer rofecoxib than oxycodone/acetaminophen patients experienced adverse events (47.9 vs 75.8%, p < 0.001), including nausea (19.0 vs 42.5%, p < 0.001), vomiting (9.9 vs 24.2%, p < 0.01), and dizziness (7.4 vs 31.7%, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients treated with a single dose of rofecoxib 50 mg achieved an overall analgesic effect at least as effective as patients treated with a single-dose of oxycodone/acetaminophen 10/650 mg over 6 h and multidose oxycodone/acetaminophen over 24 h, with fewer adverse experiences of nausea (p < 0.001), vomiting (p < 0.01), and dizziness (p < 0.001).
authors.affiliation: Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA 19486-0004, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Desjardins
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Erluo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Petruschke
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Geba
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010919:Placebos; D013450:Sulfones; D013515:Surgery, Oral; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D007783:Lactones; D010919:Placebos; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D000082:Acetaminophen; D010098:Oxycodone