title: Optimisation of a lipid based oral delivery system containing A/Panama influenza haemagglutinin.
abstract: Vaccine antigens administered by the oral route are often degraded by gastric secretions during gastrointestinal transit. This necessitates larger and more frequent doses of antigen for vaccination. A delivery system, which overcomes this, is a lipid vesicle containing bile salts (bilosome), which prevents antigen degradation and enhances mucosal penetration. The effect of bilosome formulation modification on vaccine transit efficacy across the mucosa was determined. Specific antibody levels were assessed by end-point titre ELISA and the subclasses determined. Significant IgG1 titres were induced when the protein loading was doubled from 15 to 30 microg (P=0.009) and was equivalent to antigen administration by the subcutaneous route. No IgG2a was induced, indicating the generation of a TH2 response. Significant mucosal IgA levels were also observed with this treatment group (P=0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, University of Strathclyde, Arbuthnott Building, SIBS, 27 Taylor Street, Glasgow, G4 0NR, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Jamie F S
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Valerie A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Alexander B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tetley
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: Katharine C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Stimson
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000737:chemistry; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D008081:Liposomes