title: Human cytomegalovirus-induced host cell enlargement is iron dependent.
abstract: A hallmark of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is the characteristic enlargement of the host cells (i.e., cytomegaly). Because iron (Fe) is required for cell growth and Fe chelators inhibit viral replication, we investigated the effects of HCMV infection on Fe homeostasis in MRC-5 fibroblasts. Using the metallosensitive fluorophore calcein and the Fe chelator salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH), the labile iron pool (LIP) in mock-infected cells was determined to be 1.04 +/- 0.05 microM. Twenty-four hours postinfection (hpi), the size of the LIP had nearly doubled. Because cytomegaly occurs between 24 and 96 hpi, access to this larger LIP could be expected to facilitate enlargement to approximately 375% of the initial cell size. The ability of Fe chelation by 100 microM SIH to limit enlargement to approximately 180% confirms that the LIP plays a major role in cytomegaly. The effect of SIH chelation on the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(M)) and morphology was studied using the mitochondrial voltage-sensitive dye JC-1. The mitochondria in mock-infected cells were heterogeneous with a broad distribution of DeltaPsi(M) and were threadlike. In contrast, the mitochondria of HCMV-infected cells had a more depolarized DeltaPsi(M) distributed over a narrow range and were grainlike in appearance. However, the HCMV-induced alteration in DeltaPsi(M) was not affected by SIH chelation. We conclude that the development of cytomegaly is inhibited by Fe chelation and may be facilitated by an HCMV-induced increase in the LIP.
authors.affiliation: Biological Research Laboratories, Syracuse University, 130 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA. wecrowe@syr.edu
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: Lilia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Maglova
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponka
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003587:Cytomegalovirus; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007502:Iron Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D007502:Iron Chelating Agents; D007501:Iron