title: Epidemiology and treatment outcomes of patients with chronic hepatitis C and genotypes 4 to 9.
abstract: Pivotal clinical trials of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C have been conducted predominantly in Europe and the United States, where most patients are infected with genotypes 1, 2, or 3. As a result, published data on the outcomes of therapy in patients infected with genotypes 4, 5, and 6 to 9 are limited. However, a major proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis C worldwide reside in geographic areas where genotypes 4 (Africa and the Middle East), 5 (South Africa), or 6 to 9 (southern China and Southeast Asia) are prevalent or even the most common genotypes. The epidemiology of hepatitis C virus genotypes 4 to 9 is reviewed, and the studies reporting the results of antiviral therapy of these genotypes are summarized. The limited data on antiviral therapy in patients with genotypes 4 to 9 highlight the need for further and controlled treatment trials in these populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Mindie H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Emmet B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Keeffe
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D014943:Global Health; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; C100416:peginterferon alfa-2a