title: [Antibiotic resistance and molecular epidemiology of Shigella spp. in northeastern Argentina].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antibiotic resistance of strains of Shigella spp. isolated from feces samples from northeastern Argentina and to characterize the strains in terms of their molecular epidemiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 132 isolates of Shigella spp. obtained from feces samples from 132 patients with diarrhea who were seen at various private and public laboratories in the Argentine provinces of Chaco and Corrientes during the period of 1998 to 2002. Each strain was characterized according to its serotype, its resistance to 13 individual or combination antibiotics, and its sensitivity to pyocins. With 52 strains selected in relation to their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles we conducted plasmid profile analysis using alkaline lysis, and the repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences were determined by amplifying repetitive DNA segments using polymerase chain reaction. The chi-square test was used to compare proportions, with a level of statistical significance of 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Shigella flexneri was the most common species (78%), followed by S. sonnei (22%). In general, the resistance of S. flexneri to the antibiotics studied was greater than that of S. sonnei, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001) for ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and the combination of ampicillin and sulbactam. The S. flexneri strains also showed multiple resistance more often than S. sonnei strains (84.5% vs. 31.0%; P < 0.001). The strains isolated from S. flexneri were grouped into five pyocin types, three plasmid profiles, and five patterns of repetitive palindromic sequences. The strains of S. sonnei formed three pyocin types, two plasmid profiles, and three patterns of repetitive palindromic sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that the Shigella species that were studied showed a high level of resistance to the most frequently used antibiotics, surveillance activities should be implemented in order to detect and control the appearance of new resistant strains. Applying epidemiological typing techniques can provide more precise information about the distribution and evolution of resistant strains of circulating microorganisms.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina. lmerino@arnet.com.ar
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: Gabriela E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hreñuk
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ronconi
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D012760:Shigella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*