title: The histone modification pattern of active genes revealed through genome-wide chromatin analysis of a higher eukaryote.
abstract: The covalent modification of nucleosomal histones has emerged as a major determinant of chromatin structure and gene activity. To understand the interplay between various histone modifications, including acetylation and methylation, we performed a genome-wide chromatin structure analysis in a higher eukaryote. We found a binary pattern of histone modifications among euchromatic genes, with active genes being hyperacetylated for H3 and H4 and hypermethylated at Lys 4 and Lys 79 of H3, and inactive genes being hypomethylated and deacetylated at the same residues. Furthermore, the degree of modification correlates with the level of transcription, and modifications are largely restricted to transcribed regions, suggesting that their regulation is tightly linked to polymerase activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA. dirk@fmi.ch
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schübeler
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: MacAlpine
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scalzo
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wirbelauer
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kooperberg
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Gottschling
authors.forename: Laura P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Bryan M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delrow
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Groudine
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004261:DNA Replication; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D005057:Eukaryotic Cells / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D016678:Genome; D006657:Histones / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008745:Methylation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006657:Histones; D012313:RNA