title: Serum levels of a Th1 chemoattractant IP-10 and Th2 chemoattractants, TARC and MDC, are elevated in patients with systemic sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although abnormalities of various chemokines are detected in systemic sclerosis (SSc), there are few findings concerning Th1 or Th2 chemoattractants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether serum levels of chemokines preferentially chemotactic for Th1 cells (IP-10 and MIG) and predominantly chemotactic for Th2 cells (TARC and MDC) are elevated and whether they correlate with clinical features in patients with SSc.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples from patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dSSc; n = 34), limited cutaneous SSc (lSSc; n = 30), dermatomyositis (DM; n = 15), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; n = 22), and normal controls (n = 30) were examined by sandwich ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum TARC levels were significantly elevated in dSSc patients (P < 0.0002) and lSSc patients (P < 0.0001) compared with normal controls. Similarly, serum MDC levels were significantly increased in patients with dSSc (P < 0.02) or lSSc (P < 0.05) relative to normal controls. In addition, serum IP-10 was detected significantly more frequently in patients with dSSc (44%), lSSc (30%), or DM (53%) than normal controls (0%) and patients with SLE (0%). Furthermore, elevated TARC levels correlated with the presence of pitting scars and anti-topoisomerase I antibody, increased titers of anti-topoisomerase I and antinuclear antibody, and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Increased MDC levels were associated with pitting scars and younger ages at onset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that both Th2 chemoattractants, TARC and MDC, and a Th1 chemoattractant IP-10 play a role in the development of SSc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. sinosino@eos.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000097:blood*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D045743:Scleroderma, Diffuse / Q000276:immunology; D045745:Scleroderma, Limited / Q000276:immunology; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C106230:CCL17 protein, human; C515482:CCL22 protein, human; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; C080810:CXCL9 protein, human; D054414:Chemokine CCL17; D054422:Chemokine CCL22; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D054370:Chemokine CXCL9; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins