title: Chronic low dose risperidone and clozapine alleviate positive but not negative symptoms in the rat neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion model of schizophrenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The rat neonatal ventral hippocampal (VH) ibotenic lesion model has been proposed as a developmental model of schizophrenia, based on evidence that it encompasses aspects of the disorder including psychomotor agitation (hyperactivity), deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI), and deficits in social interaction (SI), measures presumed to reflect positive symptoms, sensory gating deficits and negative symptoms, respectively. However, validation of the model as a predictive pharmacological screening tool has been minimal.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Determine the effects of a chronic 3-week low dose treatment of clozapine or risperidone on locomotor hyperactivity, PPI and SI in lesioned and control rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both clozapine, 2.5 mg/kg per day IP and risperidone, 0.1 mg/kg per day IP, reversed lesion-induced locomotor hyperactivity; however, the compounds also decreased locomotor activity in the non-lesioned controls. Clozapine 2.5 mg/kg per day and risperidone 0.1 mg/kg per day significantly attenuated lesion-induced PPI deficits. Neither compound induced a significant attenuation of lesion-induced SI deficits. In order to see if SI deficits required a higher dose of an antipsychotic, the dose of clozapine was increased to 4 mg/kg per day; however this dose induced such marked decreases in the activity and startle responses in the control rats, i.e. up to 74% decrease, that the effects on the lesioned rats could not be adequately interpreted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data add further support to the neonatal VH lesion model as a predictive pharmacological screening assay for identifying compounds effective in the treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia. However, the usefulness of the model in detecting compounds effective in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia is still in question.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research, R4N5 AP9A, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6115, USA. lynne.e.rueter@abbott.com
authors.forename: Lynne E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rueter
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: Kelly B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Basso
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Curzon
authors.forename: Kathy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kohlhaas
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects; D018967:Risperidone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012919:Social Behavior
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone