title: Amantadine therapy for chronic hepatitis C: a dose escalation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amantadine reduces liver transaminase levels in some patients with chronic hepatitis C at doses of 200 mg daily and may improve the sustained virological response (SVR) when given with interferon and ribavirin. The primary purpose of the present investigation was to study the safety and toxicity of higher doses of amantadine in subjects who previously failed or were intolerant to interferon. The secondary aim was to test the efficacy of higher dose of amantadine against hepatitis C.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open-labeled prospective study was conducted starting with amantadine 200 mg daily and increasing to 500 mg daily while monitoring for safety, toxicity, and efficacy. An amantadine blood level exceeding 1,600 ng/ml was considered toxic requiring dose reduction. The patient's symptoms, laboratory tests, and quality of life were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred patients enrolled in the study. Normalization of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) for each dose was as follows: 200 mg (35%), 300 mg (49%), 400 mg (53%), and 500 mg (56%). The incidence of toxic amantadine plasma levels increased with dose, i.e., 200 mg (0%), 300 mg (6%), 400 mg (27%), and 500 mg (49%). The frequency and severity of arthralgias and fatigue improved at all dosages administered. No changes in the occurrence or severity of headache, insomnia, or depression were reported. Serious adverse events included myocardial infarction and suicide attempt. Other side effects included impotence, confusion, alopecia, and hoarseness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amantadine given at a dose of 300 mg daily is safe, and significantly lowers ALT blood levels more than 200 mg daily. The enzyme response rate does not significantly improve above 300 mg, but toxicity increases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, The M.S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA.
authors.forename: Jill P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bingaman
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Mauger
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000547:Amantadine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000547:Amantadine