title: Should C-reactive protein be added to metabolic syndrome and to assessment of global cardiovascular risk?
abstract: Of novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease currently under investigation, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is the most promising. To date, more than 20 prospective epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that hsCRP independently predicts vascular risk, 6 cohort studies have confirmed that hsCRP evaluation adds prognostic information beyond that available from the Framingham Risk Score, and 8 cohort studies have demonstrated additive prognostic value at all levels of metabolic syndrome or in the prediction of type 2 diabetes. In contrast to several other biomarkers that also reflect biological aspects of inflammation, hypofibrinolysis, and insulin resistance, hsCRP measurement is inexpensive, standardized, widely available, and has a decade-to-decade variation similar to that of cholesterol. Given the consistency of prognostic data for hsCRP and the practicality of its use in outpatient clinical settings, we believe the time has come for a careful consideration of adding hsCRP as a clinical criterion for metabolic syndrome and for the creation of an hsCRP-modified coronary risk score useful for global risk prediction in both men and women. Toward this end, we believe experts in the fields of epidemiology, prevention, vascular biology, and clinical cardiology should be convened to begin discussing the merits of this proposal.
authors.affiliation: Donald W. Reynolds Center for Cardiovascular Research, Boston, Mass, USA. pridker@partners.org
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Ridker
authors.forename: Peter W F
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Grundy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein