title: Ménière's disease and anxiety disorders.
abstract: Diagnosis of Menière's Disease is based upon the wellknown labyrinthic syndrome (hypoacusia, tinnitus and dizziness) which manifests with the typical abscessual, recurrent and unforeseeable course. Many Menière patients also report panic attacks, agoraphobia and anxiety which make evaluation of labyrinthic symptoms difficult, affect the onset and maintenance of vestibular compensation and require specific treatments which are very different from those for the control of endolymphatic hydrops. In order to analyse the nature and the meaning of the association of the vestibular and psychiatric symptoms, a comparison has been made between patients presenting Menière's disease, and a group of patients with dizziness resulting from other vestibular diseases. Socio-demographic data were collected and anxiety tests were used to evaluate, the depression and phobia. An interview ad hoc was also programmed for the psychiatric diagnosis. A previous psychiatric history, age, sex, marital status as well as education appear to have a variable effect upon the onset and evolution of panic-phobic symptoms, following onset of Menière's disease. These conclusions, which require confirmation with further studies, allow early characterisation of Menière's disease patients of great predictive usefulness as far as concerns the development of psychiatric sequelae of a panic-phobic nature. This evolution is far more frequent in females being enhanced by middle age, low level of education, long-standing Menière's disease and large number of attacks of dizziness. Onset of panic-phobic attacks is more rare in males in whom the condition is associated with young age, high level of education, lack of setting up of a family nucleus with children.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Nuovo Regina Margherita Hospital, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Celestino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosini
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Carucci
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vercillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008575:Meniere Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged