title: Tobacco use among women in Dharan, eastern Nepal.
abstract: The study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use and also assess the factors affecting tobacco use among the female population of Dharan. A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 2,340 female participants aged 15 years and above was conducted in Dharan municipality in 2001. Cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size technique was used. Of the 2,340 subjects, 12.9% were cigarette smokers and 14.1% were smokeless tobacco users. The smoking habit had a significant relationship with the habit of tobacco chewing. About 50% of the smokers had been continuously smoking for more than 20 years. Smokers aged 50 years and above were more likely to smoke more than 10 cigarettes per day than those at the reproductive age (15-49 years). Health problems among females did not have any significant relationship with tobacco-chewing, but smokers were nearly twice as likely to suffer from any health problem than non-smokers. Gastrointestinal problems were the most common complaint among the tobacco users. An effective awareness programme is required to discourage the use of tobacco and encourage women to take regular health check-ups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan 56701, Sunsari, Post Box 7053, Kathmandu, Nepal. sniraula@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Surya Raj
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Niraula
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009390:Nepal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless; D016387:Women's Health