title: Three-dimensional microarray compared with PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis/DNA sequencing for mutation analysis of K-ras codons 12 and 13.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We developed a rapid, precise, and accurate microarray-based method that uses a three-dimensional platform for detection of mutations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the PamChip microarray to detect mutations in codons 12 and 13 of K-ras in 15 cell lines and 81 gastric or colorectal cancer tissues. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled PCR products were analyzed with the microarray. We confirmed the microarray results with PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We could correctly identify wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous mutant genotypes with the PamChip microarray in <3.5 h. The array data were consistent with those of PCR-SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing. All 15 cell lines and 80 of 81 clinical cancer specimens (98.8%; 95% confidence interval, 96.4-100%) were genotyped accurately with the microarray, a rate better than that of direct DNA sequencing (38.9%) or SSCP (93.8%). Only one clinical specimen was misdiagnosed as homozygous for the wild-type allele. Densitometric analysis of SSCP bands indicated that the content of the mutant allele in the specimen was approximately 16%. The PamChip microarray could detect mutant alleles representing more than 25% of the SSCP band proportions. Therefore, the limit for detection of mutant alleles by the PamChip microarray was estimated to be 16-25% of the total DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PamChip microarray is a novel three-dimensional microarray system and can be used to analyze K-ras mutations quickly and accurately. The mutation detection rate was nearly 100% and was similar to that of PCR-SSCP together with sequencing analysis, but the microarray analysis was faster and easier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. mmaekawa@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maekawa
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagaoka
authors.forename: Terumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: Kokichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yonekawa
authors.forename: Takatomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Toshinobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.forename: Naohito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeshita
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanno
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003062:Codon; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003062:Codon