title: Simvastatin reduces MMP-3 level in interleukin 1beta stimulated human chondrocyte culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) produced by chondrocytes play a role in the development of cartilage degradation in joint diseases. Moreover, inhibition of MMP secretion by macrophages accumulating in arteriosclerotic plaques would account for the plaque stabilising activity of statins in cardiovascular patients. Recently, simvastatin has been shown to inhibit both developing and established collagen induced arthritis in a murine model. We thus decided to investigate the effect of simvastatin on the production of MMP-3 from cultured interleukin (IL)1 stimulated human chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cells from human cartilage, obtained from eight subjects with osteoarthritis undergoing surgery for total hip prostheses, were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of simvastatin (5, 10, and 50 micromol/l) with and without IL1beta (5 ng/ml). MMP-3 level was measured in the culture medium after 48 h of incubation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL1beta stimulation of chondrocytes increased MMP-3 concentration in the cultures (from 0.69 (0.09) to 1.94 (0.12) ng/microg protein). Incubation with simvastatin was associated with a dose dependent reduction in MMP-3 increase, both in the presence (-15%, -17%, and -26% with 5, 10, and 50 micromol/l, respectively) and in the absence (-32% with 50 micromol/l) of IL1beta. The inhibiting effect of simvastatin was completely reversed by the addition of mevalonate (100 micromol/l) or farnesol (10 micromol/l).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that simvastatin, by blocking HMGCoA-reductase and interfering in the prenylation processes, is able to inhibit MMP-3 production from cultured human chondrocytes that have been either unstimulated or stimulated with IL1beta, thus suggesting a possible additional mechanism for statins in counteracting chronic joint disease related cartilage damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Sciences, Division of Clinical Immunology, University of Siena, Policlinico "Le Scotte", 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Lazzerini
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Capecchi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nerucci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fioravanti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chellini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piccini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bisogno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcolongo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laghi Pasini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011509:Proteoglycans; D019821:Simvastatin; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3