title: Leaf and canopy photosynthetic characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) under elevated CO2 concentration and UV-B radiation.
abstract: Increases in both atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on the Earth's surface are features of current climate change patterns. An experiment was conducted in sunlit, controlled environment chambers known as Soil-Plant-Atmosphere-Research (SPAR) units to determine interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and UV-B radiation on leaf and canopy photosynthetic characteristics of cotton. Six treatments were comprised of two CO2 levels of 360 (ambient) and 720 (elevated) microL L(-1) and three levels of 0 (control), 8, and 16 kJ m(-2) d(-1) biologically effective UV-B radiation. Treatments were imposed for 66 days from crop emergence through three weeks after the first flower stage. Plants grown in elevated [CO2] had significantly greater leaf area, higher leaf and canopy net photosynthetic rates (PN), lower dark respiration rate (Rd), and lower light compensation point (LCP) than plants grown in ambient [CO2]. There was no difference in CO2 compensation point (gamma), maximum rate of Rubisco activity (Vcmax), or light-saturated rate of electron transport (Jmax) between ambient and elevated CO2 treatments. When plants were grown in 8 kJ m(-2) d(-1) UV-B radiation, most of the measured photosynthetic parameters did not differ from control plants. High UV-B (16 kJ) radiation, however, caused 47-50% smaller leaf area, 38-44% lower leaf PN, 72-74% lower Vcmax, and 61-66% lower Jmax compared to the control. There were no interactive effects of [CO2] and UV-B radiation on most of the photosynthetic parameters measured. From the results, it is concluded that decreased canopy photosynthesis due to enhanced UV-B radiation in cotton is associated with both smaller leaf area and lower leaf PN, and loss of Rubisco activity and electron transport are two major factors in UV-B inhibition of leaf PN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Box 9555, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA.
authors.forename: Duli
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: K Raja
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: V Gopal
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Kakani
authors.forename: Abdul R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Mohammed
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D003624:Darkness; D003368:Gossypium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008027:Light; D016014:Linear Models; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide