title: [Second allogeneic transplant for leukemia relapsed after first allogeneic transplantation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for treatment of leukemia relapsed after first allo-HSCT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with relapsed acute leukemia (5 AML, 4 ALL) and one with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) who showed cytogenetic relapse after first allo-HSCT received second allo-HSCT. The median relapse time from the first allo-HSCT was 141 days. Conditioning regimens for second allo-HSCT were combination chemotherapy based on moderate-dose Ara-C (n = 5), Bu (n = 3), conventional-dose Ara-C (n = 1) and Flud/Mel (n = 1). Prophylaxis for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) were CsA alone (n = 2), CsA/MTX (n = 1), FK506 (n = 1), and no prophylaxis in 6. The median number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells transfused was 6.1 x 10(8)/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight cases were evaluable. All of them were engrafted and 7 developed aGVHD (grade I 4, grade II 3). The median time for absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 0.5 x 10(9)/L and platelets > 20 x 10(9)/L were 11 and 12 days, respectively. Five cases developed localized chronic GVHD. Of all the 10 cases received second allo-HSCT, 8 died from interstitial pneumonia (n = 2), multiple-organ failure (n = 1), sepsis (n = 1), fungous pneumonia (n = 1), and leukemia relapse (n = 3), and 2 survived without leukemia for +986 and +1913 days, respectively. The leukemia free survival, transplantation related mortality and relapse rate at 2 year were 20%, 50% and 30%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Second allo-HSCT is a therapeutic alternative for selected patients with relapsed leukemia after first allo-HSCT.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS and PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China.
authors.forename: Dong-lin
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ming-zhe
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Si-zhou
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: De-hui
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Jia-lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Zhang-song
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Si-yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qing-guo
authors.initials: QG
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Er-lie
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: He-hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wen-jing
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Wen-wei
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhong-chao
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000517:prevention & control; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome