A focused educational intervention can promote the proper application of seat belts during pregnancy.
BACKGROUND
The failure to properly use automobile restraints during pregnancy is a significant contributor to both maternal and fetal injury and death. Misconceptions as to the effects of restraint use on the fetus and a lack of instruction as to proper restraint positioning contribute to this problem.


METHODS
Focus groups were used to develop an intervention consisting of educational material for prenatal care clinic patients and staff pertaining to seat belt use during pregnancy. The intervention was administered over a 2-month period. Two groups of women, one preintervention and one postintervention, were surveyed to determine demographics, pregnancy status, and current restraint use characteristics.


RESULTS
Preintervention and postintervention surveys were administered to 450 and 285 women, respectively. The proportion of women reporting correct placement of seat belts increased from 70.8% to 83.0% (p < 0.001) after the intervention. Knowledge of seat belt effectiveness also increased significantly (p < 0.001) after the intervention. Only 25.2% of women in the preintervention group reported receiving information from clinic staff on restraint use compared with 76.8% of the postintervention group (p < 0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
Lack of knowledge regarding restraint use during pregnancy contributes to a lack of consistent and proper use of restraints. Educational tools that improve both knowledge and behavior have the potential to increase automotive safety during pregnancy.
McGwin
Gerald
G
Section of Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care, Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. gerald.mcgwin@ccc.uab.edu
Willey
Paula
P
Ware
Amy
A
Kohler
Connie
C
Kirby
Tyler
T
Rue
Loring W
LW
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009035:Mothers / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011247:Pregnancy; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012622:Seat Belts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013664:Teaching Materials / Q000592:standards