title: Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in adult moyamoya disease: comparison of angiographic collateral circulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The extent of the hemodynamic and metabolic impairments in adult patients with moyamoya disease is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and metabolic status in relation to the development of basal moyamoya vessels (BMVs).
  
  
  METHODS
  The cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and cerebral blood volume (CBV) were measured using PET in ten patients with ischemic adult moyamoya disease (mean age, 36.6 years) and six age-matched normal controls (mean age, 33.3 years). The cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) after acetazolamide (ACZ) loading was also estimated using iodine-123 N-isopropyl-p-iodo amphetamine single photon emission computed tomography (123I-IMP SPECT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on the angiographic findings, eleven cerebral hemispheres with well-developed BMV (extensive BMV hemispheres) and nine cerebral hemispheres with diminished BMV (diminished BMV hemispheres) were identified. The main routes of collateral circulation in extensive BMV hemispheres were BMVs and leptomeningeal anastomoses. On the other hand, in diminished BMV hemispheres, transdural anastomosis was predominant, and leptomeningeal anastomoses were less developed. In cortices distal to the occluded internal carotid artery, the extensive BMV hemispheres exhibited a significantly lower CBF, CMRO2, CBF/CBV, and CVR (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher CBV and OEF than in diminished BMV hemispheres and controls (p < 0.05). Except for the CBF in the white matter, the mean hemodynamic and metabolic parameters of the diminished BMV hemispheres were not significantly different from those of the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extensive development of basal moyamoya vessels is a sign of severe hemodynamic impairment in adult patients with ischemic moyamoya disease. The results may not apply to adults with hemorrhagic onset.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
authors.forename: Rishu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: Naohiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oku
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takasawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Katsufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kajimoto
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hatazawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020367:Iofetamine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D020367:Iofetamine; D010100:Oxygen