title: An exposed domain in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein induces neutralizing antibodies.
abstract: Exposed epitopes of the spike protein may be recognized by neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV). A protein fragment (S-II) containing predicted epitopes of the spike protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. The properly refolded protein fragment specifically bound to the surface of Vero cells. Monoclonal antibodies raised against this fragment recognized the native spike protein of SARS CoV in both monomeric and trimeric forms. These monoclonal antibodies were capable of blocking S-II attachment to Vero cells and exhibited in vitro antiviral activity. These neutralizing antibodies mapped to epitopes in two peptides, each comprising 20 amino acids. Thus, this region of the spike protein might be a target for generation of therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against SARS CoV and for vaccine development to elicit protective humoral immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Danlin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: Zheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Shihong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bunzel
authors.forename: Guoqiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kimberly
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D018604:Epitope Mapping; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014709:Vero Cells; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C578557:spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV