title: Minocycline inhibits apoptosis and inflammation in a rat model of ischemic renal injury.
abstract: Tetracyclines exhibit significant anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of rheumatologic and dermatologic conditions. They have also been shown to inhibit apoptosis in certain neurodegenerative disorders. Because ischemic renal injury is characterized by both apoptosis and inflammation, we investigated the therapeutic potential of tetracyclines in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral renal artery clamp for 30 min followed by reperfusion and received either minocycline or saline for 36 h before ischemia. Minocycline reduced tubular cell apoptosis 24 h after ischemia as determined by terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling staining and nuclear morphology. It also decreased cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm and reduced upregulation of p53 and Bax after ischemia. The minocycline-treated group showed a significant reduction in tubular injury and cast formation. In addition, minocycline reduced the number of infiltrating leukocytes, decreased leukocyte chemotaxis both in vitro and ex vivo, and downregulated the expression of ICAM-1. Serum creatinine 24-h postischemia was significantly reduced in the minocycline-treated group. We conclude that minocycline has potent antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties and protects renal function in this model of ischemia-reperfusion. Tetracyclines are among the safest and best-studied antibiotics. They are thus attractive candidates for the therapy of human ischemic acute renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weathered
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Plotkin
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Dagher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008911:Minocycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C494828:Bax protein, rat; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D045304:Cytochromes c; D008911:Minocycline