title: Using buzz marketing to promote ideas, services, and products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To (1) discuss buzz marketing, contrast it with traditional forms of promotional communications, and provide guidelines for use and (2) describe a successful buzz-marketing program used by Sentara Healthcare to decrease overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotic medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  An English-language-only literature search of ABI Inform, Lexus-Nexus, InfoTrac, and university library databases from 1980 to the present using the keywords buzz, word of mouth, opinion leader, and thought leader. Articles and books were cross referenced for other works of interest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performed by the author for their contribution to an exploratory analysis of this topic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performed by the author.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Buzz marketing is an indirect communications method that has been used successfully in the promotion of a wide variety of products, services, and ideas. By identifying and cultivating nonmedia opinion leaders, the technique generates word-of-mouth communications between these early adopters of products and services and the early and late majority of people who tend to follow their lead. Opinion leaders can be categorized as ordinary or extraordinary, technical or social, and specialist or generalist, depending on the nature of their communications, expertise, and range of knowledge. Buzz marketing is most useful for ideas that are memorable, produce small changes in behavior that have big effects over time, and have the potential to reach a "tipping point" in terms of momentum among a target population. Pharmacists can use buzz marketing for promoting innovative services such as pharmaceutical care. A case study is presented on the use of buzz marketing by a health system for decreasing antibiotic resistance through lessening of public demand for antibiotics and support of physicians in prescribing the agents appropriately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Buzz marketing is a potent force in the promotion of pharmaceuticals and can be used by pharmacists. It works best when patients perceive the benefits of innovations. Providing samples and demonstrations of the innovation will foster positive perceptions. Innovations also spread better when they are compatible with the needs, desires, and preferences of individuals and can be adapted to the unique situation of the adopter.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0581, USA. daholdfo@vcu.edu
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Holdford
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003142:Communication; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008389:Marketing of Health Services / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents