title: [Carcinogenic and co-carcinogenic effects of metals and ethanol on human salivary gland tissue].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The etiology of malignomas of human salivary glands is examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Macroscopic, healthy salivary gland tissue from 46 donors was harvested during surgery. Single cells were isolated by enzymatic digestion. These were then incubated for 60 min with Na(2)Cr(2)O(7), NiSO(4), CdSO(4), ZnCl(2) and ethanol. Additionally, incubation with Na(2)Cr(2)O(7) was combined with NiSO(4), CdSO(4), ZnCl(2) and ethanol. The influence of CdSO(4) was analyzed by altered combinations with Na(2)Cr(2)O(7) during incubation and by the DNA-repair period. Evaluation was performed using fluorescent staining and digital analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of all of the substances tested, only Na(2)Cr(2)O(7) showed genotoxic effects. NiSO(4), ZnCl(2) and ethanol had neither genotoxic nor cofactorial impacts. CdSO(4), however, caused additional genotoxic effects in combination with Na(2)Cr(2)O(7), although it lacked direct genotoxic potential. A reduction of DNA-repair of Na(2)Cr(2)O(7)-induced oxidative damage by CdSO(4) could be demonstrated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this investigation, sodium dichromate was identified as genotoxic in association with human salivary gland tissue. These effects could be increased by CdSO(4), reinforcing DNA damage based on oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Klinisch experimentelle Onkologie der Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkranke, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. uharreus@hno.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Harréus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baumeister
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berghaus
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Kleinsasser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020552:Comet Assay; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008670:Metals; D000431:Ethanol; D004247:DNA