title: Safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous A6, an 8-amino acid peptide with anti-angiogenic properties, in healthy men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous A6, an 8-amino acid peptide with anti-angiogenic properties, in healthy men.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-rising, phase I study of single and repeated doses. In the single dose phase, successive groups of 5 subjects received A6 15, 35, 75, 150, 300 mg, or placebo, as subcutaneous injections in the upper thigh. In the repeat dose phase, 2 groups of 6 subjects received repeat doses of A6 35 mg and 75 mg, or placebo, and 1 group of 5 subjects received 150 mg, or placebo, 12-hourly for 6 days (11 doses in total). In each group, 4 subjects received active treatment, the remainder placebo. Pharmacokinetics of A6 were assessed up to 24 h after single doses, for 12 h after the first of the repeated doses, and up to 24 h after the last of the repeated doses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A6 for subcutaneous injection in phosphate buffer, pH 5.6-6.0. Phosphate-buffered saline was used as placebo.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All dose regimens of A6 were safe and well-tolerated, both systemically and locally. Time to peak plasma concentration was similar (0.5-2.1 h) in all dosage groups. Cmax and AUC(0-inf) were linearly proportional to dose. Mean Cmax ranged from 454-10,333 ng/ml and mean AUC(0-inf) from 1,690-43,371 ng x h/ml after the 15 and 300 mg single doses, respectively. Terminal t(1/2) was 1.4-1.8 h, and there was no evidence of unexpected drug accumulation. Urinary excretion of unchanged A6 was 94.6% (SD 20.7) after the 300 mg single dose (0-24 h collection), and 78.4% (SD 13.0) after the 150 mg repeated dose (0-12 h collection). A6 did not trigger production of anti-A6 IgG antibodies within 14 days of the first dose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single doses of A6 up to 300 mg, and repeated doses up to 150 mg, were well-tolerated and safe in healthy young men. A6 was rapidly absorbed; it was eliminated, mainly unchanged, in urine. Plasma concentrations were dose-proportional. A6 did not trigger an early immunogenic response.
authors.affiliation: HMR, Central Middlesex Hospital, London, UK. avantroostenburg@hmrlondon.com
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: van Troostenburg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dyck-Jones
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Warrington
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D019540:Area Under Curve; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; C489333:acetyl-lysyl-prolyl-seryl-seryl-prolyl-prolyl-glutamyl-glutamic acid amide