title: Pregnancy outcome after renal transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency and the outcome of pregnancies in renal transplant recipients at our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved the retrospective analysis of 405 childbearing female renal recipients for presence of risk factors, the outcome of pregnancy, and maternal and fetal complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourty-four pregnancies occurred in 41 patients (10.8%). Mean age at transplantation was 23.6 +/- 6.3 years (range, 12-38 years). Only in 5 pregnancies were there no risk factors. In 13 (29.5%) pregnancies, the previous creatinine level was >1.5 mg/dL, in 16 (36.45%), proteinuria was >500 mg/24 hours; 29 (65.9%) were hypertensive; 14 (31.8%) had a time between transplantation and pregnancy less than 2 years (mean time, 35.5 +/- 30.9 months; range, 3-120 months). The outcomes were 27 (61.4%; 11 term and 16 premature delivery) successful pregnancies, 6 (13.6%) spontaneous abortions, 10 (22.7%) therapeutic abortions, and 1 (3.2%) fetal death. Pre-eclampsia occurred in 9 (20.4%) pregnancies and eclampsia in 1 (2.2%). The mean weight of the offspring was 2195 +/- 490 g (range, 1300- 2980 g). There were 2 cases of acute fetal distress and 1 oligodramnios. Median creatinine level was 1.0 (range, 0.4-3.0) mg/dL before conception and 1.2 (range, 0.7-9.0) mg/dL 6 month after pregnancy (P <.001). The long-term patient and graft survival rates were similar for pregnant versus nonpregnant recipients in the childbearing age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most pregnancies were successful, although the premature delivery rate was high (36.4%). Only 5 conceptions occurred in the absence of risk factors. Pregnancy did not impair the patient and graft survival during long-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Renal Transplant Unit, Santa Casa Hospital, Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil. elizete.keitel@antacasa.tche.br
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Keitel
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bittar
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Goldani
authors.forename: V D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Garcia
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000401:mortality; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies