title: Uterine leiomyosarcoma: present management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review current investigations impacting management of uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with uterine LMS typically present with vaginal bleeding, pain, and a pelvic mass. Atypical presentations with hypercalcemia or eosinophilia have been reported. Radiographic evaluation with combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography may assist in diagnosis and surveillance in women with uterine LMS. Stage and tumor grade continue to appear to be valid prognostic indicators. A recently developed risk-assessment index is highly predictive of disease-specific survival. Ovarian preservation does not appear to negatively impact outcome. The addition of adjuvant therapy after surgical management does not seem to improve survival. Novel therapies may result from continued improvements in our knowledge of the molecular biology of uterine LMS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the infrequency of uterine LMS, several recent investigations have advanced our understanding of the disease.
authors.affiliation: The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. rgiunto1@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Giuntoli
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bristow
mesh_terms: D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007890:Leiomyosarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*