title: Intraaneurysmal flow visualization by using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging: feasibility study based on a geometrically realistic in vitro aneurysm model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of complex intraaneurysmal flow visualization with the currently available phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging modality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A geometrically realistic in vitro aneurysm model, in which detailed flow velocity analysis had already been conducted using laser Doppler velocimetry was used for this in vitro hemodynamic simulation, so that the results of phase-contrast velocity measurements could be compared with the previous reliable results. On a 1.5-tesla unit, three orthogonal components of velocity were obtained using a standard two-dimensional fast low-angle shot flow quantification sequence. Three-dimensional (3D) intraaneurysmal flow structures recorded during one cardiac cycle were depicted in one midsagittal and three axial cross-sectional planes with the aid of gray scale phase-contrast velocity maps. Isovelocity contour maps and secondary flow vectors were also created based on the phase-contrast velocity maps by using MATLAB software. The isovelocity contours in those three axial sections could demonstrate the shapes of inward and outward flow areas and their alternation over one cardiac cycle. The secondary flow vectors demonstrated twin vortices within the outward flow area adjacent to the boundary layer of inward and outward flow in all axial planes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phase-contrast MR imaging method was able to depict the complex 3D intraaneurysmal flow structures in the in vitro aneurysm model. Detailed 3D intraaneurysmal flow information will be obtainable in vivo after improvements are made in spatial resolution, which is expected in the near future. The capability to visualize intraaneurysmal flow structures directly with the use of noninvasive MR imaging technology will have a positive impact on future clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90095-1721, USA. stateshi@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tateshima
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grinstead
authors.forename: Shantanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Yih-lin
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Nien
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: J Pablo
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Villablanca
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanishita
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viñuela
mesh_terms: D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000473:pathology*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity