title: Multicompartment model to assess body composition in professional water polo players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare differences between skinfold thicknesses (SK), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), a 2-compartment model (2C), and 2, 3-compartment models (3C) of percent body fat (%BF) assessment with a 4-compartment model (4C) in professional water polo athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten male subjects, 18 to 29 years of age, participated in this study. Under water weighing, deuterium dilution, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were used to provide the required values for the models. The two, 3C models used were established by Withers et al. (3C-W) and by the DXA manufacturers (3C-DXA). 4C was also established by Withers et al.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between 2C, 3C-W, and 3C-DXA when compared with 4C (criterion model). There were no significant differences between 2C and 3C-W. %BF was significantly greater using 2C compared with 3C-DXA. %BF derived from SK and BIA were significantly greater than all other
  
  
  METHODS
  4C was best correlated with 3C-W (R2=0.998), followed by 2C (R2=0.806), 3C-DXA (R2=0.5071), SK (R2=0.2945), and BIA (R2=0.2377).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that 2C and 3C-W assess %BF equally as well as 4C; however, SK and BIA significantly over-estimated %BF in water polo athletes.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition Unit, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy. angela.andreoli@uniroma2.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andreoli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melchiorri
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sardella
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iacopino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Lorenzo
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001825:Body Fluid Compartments; D015992:Body Mass Index; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*