title: Sex disparities in procedure use for acute myocardial infarction in the United States, 1995 to 2001.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sex disparities in procedure use for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have been well documented in selected populations in the 1980s and early 1990s. As little is known about more recent trends in sex disparities in the general population, we analyzed more recent rates of catheterization, angioplasty, and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) performed before discharge for acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from representative civilian hospitals in 33 US states in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1995 to 2001 were used to identify men and women discharged with a primary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Receipt of cardiac catheterization, angioplasty, stent placement, or CABG was determined. Multivariate Poisson modeling was used to determine the likelihood of procedure receipt by sex, adjusting for demographic, comorbidity, and hospital characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1995 to 2001, the adjusted proportion receiving catheterization, angioplasty, and stents increased in women as well as men, whereas the adjusted proportion receiving CABG declined slightly. Women were nearly as likely as men to undergo catheterization (adjusted prevalence ratio [PR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95 to 0.97), angioplasty (adjusted PR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99), or stent placement (adjusted PR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95 to 0.97). Women remained less likely to undergo CABG (adjusted PR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These recent nationwide data suggest that compared with men, women are nearly as likely to undergo catheterization-based procedures but remain less likely to undergo CABG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. abertoni@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Alain G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: Denise E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bonds
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lovato
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Goff
authors.forename: Frederick L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Brancati
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology