title: Increased prevalence of fatty liver in arterial hypertensive patients with normal liver enzymes: role of insulin resistance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The conditions associated with fatty liver disease presenting with normal liver enzymes and the mechanism involved in its development remain to be fully elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that fatty liver with normal liver enzymes occurs more frequently in arterial hypertensive patients and to establish whether this condition is associated with insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 55 non-obese, non-diabetic, non-heavy alcohol drinking patients with arterial hypertensive and normal liver enzymes and 55 sex and age matched healthy subjects were enrolled into the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma metabolic parameters, body mass index, and the presence of fatty liver were investigated. Insulin resistance was estimated from plasma insulin and glucose as the homeostasis model assessment index. Stepwise logistic regression and multivariate regression analysis were used on the combined sample to identify variables independently associated with fatty liver and insulin resistance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertensive patients had a significantly higher prevalence of fatty liver (30.9% v 12.7%; p<0.041), higher insulin resistance (mean 2.27 (SD 1.81) v 1.56 (0.70); p = 0.022), and slightly higher body mass index (24.9 (3.0) v 24.0 (2.2); p = 0.043) than controls. Multivariate logistic regression identified insulin resistance (odds ratio 1.66 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-2.52)) and body mass index (OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.00-1.49)) as factors independently associated with fatty liver. Multivariate regression analysis showed insulin resistance to be predicted by alanine transaminase (p = 0.002), presence of arterial hypertension (p = 0.029), and body mass index (p = 0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver in non-obese hypertensive patients with normal liver enzymes appears to be related to increases in insulin resistance and body weight.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, Azienda S Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Donati
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stagni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piscaglia
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Venturoli
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Morselli-Labate
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rasciti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bolondi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D000410:Alanine Transaminase