title: Gremlin-mediated BMP antagonism induces the epithelial-mesenchymal feedback signaling controlling metanephric kidney and limb organogenesis.
abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal feedback signaling is the key to diverse organogenetic processes such as limb bud development and branching morphogenesis in kidney and lung rudiments. This study establishes that the BMP antagonist gremlin (Grem1) is essential to initiate these epithelial-mesenchymal signaling interactions during limb and metanephric kidney organogenesis. A Grem1 null mutation in the mouse generated by gene targeting causes neonatal lethality because of the lack of kidneys and lung septation defects. In early limb buds, mesenchymal Grem1 is required to establish a functional apical ectodermal ridge and the epithelial-mesenchymal feedback signaling that propagates the sonic hedgehog morphogen. Furthermore, Grem1-mediated BMP antagonism is essential to induce metanephric kidney development as initiation of ureter growth, branching and establishment of RET/GDNF feedback signaling are disrupted in Grem1-deficient embryos. As a consequence, the metanephric mesenchyme is eliminated by apoptosis, in the same way as the core mesenchymal cells of the limb bud.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Genetics, Dept. of Clinical-Biological Sciences (DKBW University of Basel Medical School, c/o Anatomy Institute, Pestalozzistrasse 20, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Odyssé
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Michos
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Panman
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vintersten
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beier
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zeller
authors.forename: Aimée
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zuniga
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines; D004848:Epithelium / Q000196:embryology*; D005121:Extremities / Q000196:embryology*; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology*; D008168:Lung / Q000196:embryology; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; C113178:Grem1 protein, mouse