title: Necrotic cell death of ovarian adenocarcinoma caused by seminal plasma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  From the knowledge of risk factors of epithelial ovarian cancer, we deduced a hypothesis that human seminal plasma (HSP) has a preventive role in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. To examine whether HSP directly influences the growth of ovarian cancer, we have investigated the in vitro and in vivo effect of HSP on ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines (SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3) in comparison with its effects on normal ovarian surface epithelial cells (NOSE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cytotoxic effect was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis, by DNA laddering, and by morphological analysis. In vivo therapeutic effect of HSP was evaluated by the subcutaneous inoculation of SK-OV-3 cells in nude mice (BALB-c) model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HSP at a final concentration of 1:50 induced a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3 growth, whereas NOSE was not affected. Flow cytometric analysis, DNA laddering, and morphological analysis indicated that HSP induced necrosis, rather than apoptosis, of both ovarian carcinoma cell lines. In in vivo experiment that used the nude mice (Balb-C) with tumor inoculation of SK-OV-3 cells, HSP induced necrosis of tumor with no detectable toxic effects on the major organs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that HSP inhibits the growth and induces the necrosis of epithelial ovarian cancer cells and suggests that one or more components of HSP may provide a scientific basis for preventing epithelial ovarian cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Lae Ok
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Joo Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Jae Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ju Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Seog Nyeon
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bae
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004996:Ethidium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009336:Necrosis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000166:cytology; D011419:Propidium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D011419:Propidium; D004996:Ethidium; D000165:Acridine Orange; C018506:diacetylfluorescein