Vulnerability to malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS infection and disease. Part II: Determinants operating at environmental and institutional level.
This review summarises a wide range of evidence about environmental and institutional factors that influence vulnerability to malaria, tuberculosis, and HIV infection. By combining this information with that obtained on factors operating at individual, household, and community level, we have identified potential common strategies for improving resilience to all three diseases simultaneously. These strategies depend on collaborations with non-health sectors and include progress in rapid access to funds, provision of education about disease transmission and management, reduction of the burden on carers (predominantly women), and improvement in the quality of health services.
Bates
Imelda
I
University of Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK. ibates@liv.ac.uk
Fenton
Caroline
C
Gruber
Janet
J
Lalloo
David
D
Lara
Antonieta Medina
AM
Squire
S Bertel
SB
Theobald
Sally
S
Thomson
Rachael
R
Tolhurst
Rachel
R
D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations