title: Retrograde amnesia induced by drugs acting on different molecular systems.
abstract: The gamma aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-sub(A)) agonist, muscimol, the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5), and the inhibitor of the extracellularly regulated kinases (ERKs), UO 126, cause retrograde amnesia when administered to the hippocampus. In the present study, the authors found that they all cause retrograde amnesia for 1-trial inhibitory avoidance, not only when infused into the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus, but also when infused into the basolateral amygdala or the entorhinal, parietal, and posterior cingulate cortices. The posttraining time course of the effect of each drug was, however, quite different across brain structures. Thus, in all of them, NMDA receptors and the ERK pathway are indispensable for memory consolidation, and GABA-sub(A) receptor activation inhibits memory consolidation: but in each case, their influence is interwoven differently.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Memoria, Departamento de Bioquimica, Institute de Ciencias Basicas da Saude, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcellos 2600-Anexo, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Janine I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Rossato
authors.forename: Juliana S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bonini
authors.forename: Adriana S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Coitinho
authors.forename: Monica R M
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: Jorge H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Martín
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cammarota
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
mesh_terms: D000648:Amnesia, Retrograde / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D002070:Butadienes / Q000009:adverse effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D018755:GABA Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009118:Muscimol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects; D009570:Nitriles / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D013997:Time Factors; D014633:Valine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018755:GABA Agonists; D009570:Nitriles; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C113580:U 0126; D009118:Muscimol; C056639:2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid; D014633:Valine