title: The forkhead genes, Foxc1 and Foxc2, regulate paraxial versus intermediate mesoderm cell fate.
abstract: During vertebrate embryogenesis, the newly formed mesoderm is allocated to the paraxial, intermediate, and lateral domains, each giving rise to different cell and tissue types. Here, we provide evidence that the forkhead genes, Foxc1 and Foxc2, play a role in the specification of mesoderm to paraxial versus intermediate fates. Mouse embryos lacking both Foxc1 and Foxc2 show expansion of intermediate mesoderm markers into the paraxial domain, lateralization of somite patterning, and ectopic and disorganized mesonephric tubules. In gain of function studies in the chick embryo, Foxc1 and Foxc2 negatively regulate intermediate mesoderm formation. By contrast, their misexpression in the prospective intermediate mesoderm appears to drive cells to acquire paraxial fate, as revealed by expression of the somite markers Pax7 and Paraxis. Taken together, the data indicate that Foxc1 and Foxc2 regulate the establishment of paraxial versus intermediate mesoderm cell fates in the vertebrate embryo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wilm
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Schultheiss
authors.forename: Brigid L M
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hogan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018274:Electroporation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000196:embryology*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor; D019170:Somites / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; C497322:Pax7 protein, mouse; C093234:Tcf15 protein, mouse; C082078:mesenchyme fork head 1 protein