title: The Maze procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: a minimally invasive approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The standard Maze procedure has proven to be extremely effective in curing atrial fibrillation in thousands of patients worldwide. Until now it has required a median sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. In order to simplify the standard approach, a minimally invasive technique was developed. We have recently applied this minimally invasive Maze procedure in 72 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The technique is dependent on the use of cryosurgery and the total number of atriotomies has been decreased from twelve to four. In addition to performing the Maze procedure, 32% of patients have had concomitant surgery via the minimally invasive approach including mitral valve repair/replacement and tricuspid valve repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perioperative morbidity is improved following the minimally invasive approach in comparison to the standard approach with the incidence of temporary perioperative arrhythmias being decreased by 50%. The long-term recurrence of atrial fibrillation is 2.4% following the minimally invasive Maze procedure and 2.2% following the standard Maze procedure. The incidence of pacemaker requirements following the standard Maze procedure is 20% but only 6% following the minimally invasive Maze procedure. Both right atrial and left atrial transport function have been documented in 100% of patients following the minimally invasive Maze procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that the minimally invasive Maze procedure is a substantial improvement over the standard approach in terms of patient morbidity while preserving the effectiveness of the Maze procedure in curing atrial fibrillation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiothoracic Department, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. nivadmd@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Niv
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ad
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014261:Tricuspid Valve / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery