title: Puncture resistance and stiffness of nitrile and latex dental examination gloves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the current study was to assess the puncture resistance and stiffness of nitrile and latex dental examination gloves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Puncture resistance was measured by employing an adapted version of ASTM F1342-91 using both a 316 stainless steel puncture probe (0.8 mm diameter) and a dental injection needle (0.45 mm diameter) interfaced to a tensile testing apparatus. Glove specimens (12 cm length, 1.5 cm breadth) were removed for modulus (M100) evaluation by assessing the force required to elongate the specimen to 100% of the original length. Glove samples were also aged to investigate whether puncture resistance and M100 values varied with aging at 70 degrees C for 7 days in an air-circulating oven.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The nitrile glove types were assessed to have significantly higher puncture resistance compared with the latex glove type when the steel puncture probe was the pentrometer when using the one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 95% significance level. Interestingly the puncture resistance for the latex glove type was significantly higher (P < 0.001) when a dental injection needle was used as the pentrometer compared with the nitrile glove types. The M100 values were significantly higher for the nitrile glove types for which the stiffness increased when the gloves were aged (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher stiffness values resulted in increased puncture resistance when the nitrile glove specimens were aged irrespective of the pentrometer type. However, the ability of latex to re-seal itself on puncture may be beneficial when considering the protection potential of each glove type against breaches in cross infection. For clinicians that have experienced an adverse reaction to natural latex gloves, the results of the current study indicate that nitrile gloves are available at reasonable cost and offer the clinician comparable resistance to puncture with latex gloves.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, St. Chad's Queensway, Birmingham B4 6NN.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: G J P
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: F J T
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004548:Elasticity; D020724:Elastomers; D005932:Gloves, Surgical; D006801:Humans; D007840:Latex; D008422:Materials Testing; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012408:Rubber; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020724:Elastomers; D007840:Latex; C086285:nitrile butyl rubber; D012408:Rubber