title: Ultrasound strain imaging of altered myocardial stiffness: stunned versus infarcted reperfused myocardium.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we evaluate the diastolic deformation of ischemic/reperfused myocardium and relate this deformation to tissue elastic properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Farm pigs were subjected to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion to create either stunning (n=12) or transmural myocardial infarction (n=12). Ultrasound-derived radial strain rates (SR) and strain were measured in the ischemic and remote walls. Myocardial stiffness was estimated from diastolic pressure-wall thickness relationship obtained from preload alterations. At reperfusion, end-systolic strain (epsilon(sys)) was significantly reduced in both stunned and infarcted walls compared with their remote walls (3+/-3% versus 26+/-2% and 1+/-0% versus 33+/-5%, respectively; P<0.0001) or baseline values. Diastolic passive deformation (epsilon(A)) and rates of deformation during early (E(SR)) and late (A(SR)) diastole were comparable between stunned and remote walls (epsilon(A): 7.3+/-1.6% versus 7.9+/-1.9%; E(SR): -2.7+/-0.4 s(-1) versus -2.6+/-0.5 s(-1); A(SR): -1.8+/-0.2 s(-1) versus -1.9+/-0.3 s(-1); P=NS for all) but were of significantly lower magnitude in infarcted walls versus remote walls (epsilon(A): 1.1+/-0.2% versus 11.4+/-1.9%; E(SR): -0.3+/-0.1 s(-1) versus -2.4+/-0.4 s(-1); A(SR): -0.3+/-0.1 s(-1) versus -2.5+/-0.4 s(-1); P<0.0001 for all). Stiffness coefficient of exponential diastolic pressure-wall thickness relation was higher for infarcted (P<0.05) but not for stunned walls (P=NS) compared with their remote walls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early after postischemic reperfusion and in the presence of severely reduced systolic deformation, diastolic passive deformation (and rates of deformation) can distinguish stiff, noncompliant, transmurally infarcted myocardial walls from those more compliant walls containing viable but stunned myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Ultrasound Research Lab, 200 First St SW, Rochester, Minn 55905, USA. Pislaru.Cristina@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pislaru
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Bruce
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Anagnostopoulos
authors.forename: Jill L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Seward
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pellikka
authors.forename: Erik L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ritman
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Greenleaf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D004548:Elasticity; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology*; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013599:Systole