title: Distinct recognition modes of FXXLF and LXXLL motifs by the androgen receptor.
abstract: Among nuclear receptors, the androgen receptor (AR) is unique in that its ligand-binding domain (LBD) interacts with the FXXLF motif in the N-terminal domain, resembling coactivator LXXLL motifs. We compared AR- and estrogen receptor alpha-LBD interactions of the wild-type AR FXXLF motif and coactivator transcriptional intermediary factor 2 LXXLL motifs and variants of these motifs. Random mutagenesis revealed a key role for the F residues in FXXLF motifs in high-affinity and selective AR LBD interaction. The FXXLF motif in full-length AR and transcriptional intermediary factor 2 LXXLL motifs competed for an overlapping binding site. A computer model of the AR LBD/AR FXXLF complex showed that the bulky F residues are buried in a deep coactivator-binding groove. The corresponding groove in estrogen receptor alpha LBD is considerably shallower, explaining lack of binding of any of the FXXLF motifs tested. FXXLF and LXXLL motif interaction depended on different charged amino acid residues in the AR LBD present at opposite ends of the coactivator groove. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the importance of a deep hydrophobic groove and alternative usage of charged amino acids in specifying peptide binding to the AR LBD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Josephine Nefkens Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.dubbink@erasmusmc.nl.
authors.forename: Hendrikus J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dubbink
authors.forename: Remko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hersmus
authors.forename: Chandra S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Hetty A G M
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: van der Korput
authors.forename: Cor A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Berrevoets
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Tol
authors.forename: Angelique C J
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ziel-van der Made
authors.forename: Albert O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
authors.forename: Ashley C W
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trapman
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051958:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D008024:Ligands; D051958:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2; D010455:Peptides; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D014157:Transcription Factors