Oxidation of MCPA and 2,4-D by UV radiation, ozone, and the combinations UV/H2O2 and O3/H2O2.
The phenoxyalkyl acid derivative herbicides MCPA (4-chloro 2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) were oxidized in ultrapure water by means of a monochromatic UV irradiation and by ozone, as well as by the combinations UV/H2O2 and O3/H2O2. In the direct photolysis of MCPA, the quantum yield at 20 degrees C was directly evaluated and a value of 0.150 mol Eins(-1) was obtained in the pH range 5-9, while a lower value of 0.41 x 10(-2) mol Eins(-1) was determined at pH=3. Similarly, for 2,4-D a value of 0.81 x 10(-2) mol Eins(-1) was deduced, independent of the pH of work. The influence of the additional presence of hydrogen peroxide was established in the combined process UV/H2O2, and the specific contribution of the radical pathway to the global photo-degradation was evaluated. The oxidation by ozone and by the combination O3/H2O2 was also studied, with the determination of the rate constants for the reactions of both herbicides with ozone and hydroxyl radicals at 20 degrees C. These rate constants for the direct reactions with ozone were 47.7 and 21.9 M(-1) s(-1) for MCPA and 2,4-D respectively, while the found values for the rate constants corresponding to the radical reactions were 6.6 x 10(9) and 5.1 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1).
Benitez
F Javier
FJ
Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Energética, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain. javben@unex.es
Acero
Juan L
JL
Real
Francisco J
FJ
Roman
Silvia
S
D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D010782:Photolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D006540:Herbicides; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D010126:Ozone; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid