title: Prevention of heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury with COX-2 selective inhibitor (rofecoxib).
abstract: METHODS
  A randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of COX-2-selective inhibitor on the prevention of heterotopic ossification (HO) after spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  County and University Teaching Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 76 patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, 39 patients received placebo, and 37 received COX-2-selective inhibitor rofecoxib 25 mg daily for a period of 4 weeks. Prevention was started 3 weeks after spinal cord injury (SCI). In both groups of patients there was similar age as well as the level of SCI and ASIA impairment scale. Two methods were used to diagnose early HO, clinical symptoms and bone scintigraphy. Radiography was used for diagnosis of late stages of HO development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly lower incidence of HO was found in the rofecoxib group (13.4%) than in the placebo group (33.3%: P<0.05). In patients receiving rofecoxib, there was a 2.5 times lower relative risk of developing HO than in the placebo group (95% CI, 2.3-6). There were no patients who discontinued the study due to adverse effects of medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that COX-2-selective inhibitor rofecoxib is an effective medication in prevention of HO after SCI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Banovac
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Patrick
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib