title: Rosacea: where are we now?
abstract: Advances continue to be made in the classification and treatment of rosacea, a chronic dermatologic syndrome. A new empiric classification system identifies 4 rosacea subtypes (erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular) that may aid in more precise diagnosis. Several new therapies have recently been approved for treatment of rosacea. Azelaic acid 15% gel is a new first-tier topical agent proven effective in reducing inflammatory lesions and erythema. New formulations of metronidazole and sulfacetamide 10%/sulfur 5% that offer cosmetic or tolerability advantages are now available. Intense pulsed light therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing flushing, erythema, and telangiectases, with greater tolerability than existing laser systems. Other treatments under investigation include low-dose doxycycline hyclate (which may provide greater safety than existing oral antibiotics), benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin gel, and tacrolimus ointment (for steroid-induced rosacea). With this expanded armamentarium of medical and light-based therapies, clinicians can now implement a multifaceted approach to treatment, crafting new treatment combinations to address the unique and evolving features of rosacea in each individual patient.
authors.affiliation: Bikowski Skin Care Center, 500 Chadwick St, Sewickley, PA 15143, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bikowski
authors.forename: Mitchel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Goldman
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010789:Phototherapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012393:Rosacea / Q000145:classification* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents