title: Monocyte activation and T cell inhibition in Plasmodium falciparum-infected placenta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During healthy pregnancy, T helper (Th) 1-type and inflammatory-type responses are down-regulated, and Th2-type and proinflammatory-type responses predominate. In Plasmodium falciparum-infected females, these responses induce enhanced production of tumor necrosis factor- alpha and interferon- gamma.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the respective implication of monocytes and T cells in this placental immunomodulation, we cocultured cells from delivering females living in an area where malaria is endemic. Monocytes and T cells from both peripheral and intervillous blood were crossed in in vitro cultures, to compare the proliferative response to several antigens. Moreover, monocyte cell-surface molecules were quantified by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coculture results confirmed placental immunomodulation and suggested that the most affected cells are not the intervillous monocytes, which are as able to present the antigen as the peripheral monocytes, but the intervillous T cells. Monocyte staining showed significant increases in human leukocyte antigen D-related, CD54, CD80, and CD86 surface markers in intervillous blood, compared with peripheral blood, which suggests a relative activation of monocytes in the placenta.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A state of T cell deactivation and monocyte activation is present at delivery. The T cell deactivation in reaction to purified protein derivative could be explained by the presence of local T cell immunoregulatory factors.
authors.affiliation: 1UR 010, Mother and Child Health in the Tropics, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal.
authors.forename: Ibrahima
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Diouf
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fievet
authors.forename: Souleymane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Doucouré
authors.forename: Mamadou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ngom
authors.forename: Alioune
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gaye
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: Cheikh Tidiane
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Ndao
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Le Hesran
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaouat
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deloron
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000473:pathology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens