title: Single-center, open, prospective, randomized pilot study comparing cyclosporine versus tacrolimus in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although tacrolimus (Prograf) is the calcineurin inhibitor usually employed in simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKTx), no prospective randomized studies have compared its efficacy to cyclosporine (Neoral), when either drug is used in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and the pancreas is drained into the portal vein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2001 and June 2003, 16 SPKTx recipients were randomized to be prescribed Neoral and 17 Prograf in addition to basiliximab, steroids, and MMF. All pancreata were drained into the portal vein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 15.6 months, six kidney acute rejection episodes were observed with Prograf (36.5%; one steroid-resistant) and one Neoral (n = 1, 6.2%; P =.04). No pancreas rejection episode was recorded. Two infections occurred in two recipients from each group. No major adverse events were noted other than a severe hematological toxicity (Prograf). Metabolic parameters were equivalent in the two groups, save for higher total cholesterol (212 +/- 39 mg/dL vs 173 +/- 23 mg/dL; P =.008), LDL (129 +/- 33 mg/dL vs 101 +/- 21 mg/dL; P =.029), and triglyceride (191 +/- 86 mg/dL vs 126 +/- 40 mg/dL; P =.028), values with Neoral, although the same differences were already present at baseline. One recipient (Neoral) died with functioning grafts. Patient, pancreas, and kidney survival rates were all 94% for Neoral versus 100% for Prograf.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a larger series and a longer follow-up are needed, Neoral and Prograf used in combination with MMF seem to achieve equivalent success rates among primary SPKTx when the pancreas is drained into the portal vein.
authors.affiliation: Tuscany Region Referral Center for Treatment of Pancreatic Diseases, Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Boggi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vistoli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Del Chiaro
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Croce
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morelli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coletti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Signori
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giannarelli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Del Prato
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mosca
mesh_terms: D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus