title: In vivo transluminal microvascular endothelial cell seeding on balloon injured rabbit arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Seeding venous endothelial cells (EC) onto damaged vascular surfaces attenuates the development of intimal hyperplasia. Unlike venous EC, fat derived microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) do not require a culture step to increase the yield. The authors investigated whether fat derived MVEC are suitable to reduce intimal hyperplasia after PTA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five rabbits were subjected to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of both iliac arteries. One side was seeded transluminally with autologous perirenal fat derived MVEC, using a double balloon catheter. The contralateral side was sham seeded, and served as a control. Follow-up was 4 weeks. Another rabbit was used for a feasibility experiment. This rabbit was subjected to a 1-sided seeding procedure and was sacrificed after 1 week. In a 7th rabbit, a 1-sided PTA was transformed, and autologous labelled cells were injected in the distal aorta instead of seeded, follow-up was 1 week. Histological investigation was per-formed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MVEC seeded artery of the pilot experiment was patent. All sham seeded arteries (5) except for 1 were patent. The patent ones showed moderate intimal hyperplasia. MVEC seeding (5) resulted in occlusion twice. In the patent MVEC seeded arteries intimal hyperplasia was present in more extended form than in the sham seeded arteries. Both the patent MVEC- and sham-seeded arteries were covered with an EC layer. Injected labelled MVEC were not found again on the de-endothelialized artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study seeding of fat derived MVEC on damaged native arteries results in an increased development of intimal hyperplasia and a decreased patency. One of the reasons may be the presence of non-EC in the seeded cell population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. c.h.p.arts@worldonline.nl
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Arts
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: De Groot
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Attevelt
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Heijnen-Snyder
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Eikelboom
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Blankensteijn
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000517:prevention & control; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology*; D014654:Vascular Patency