title: Differential diagnosis of suspected cervical pregnancy and conservative treatment with the combination of laparoscopy-assisted uterine artery ligation and hysteroscopic endocervical resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the accuracy of differential diagnosis by team consultation of abortion in progression, low-lying implantation/cervicoisthmic pregnancy, and cervical pregnancy (CP) in patients referred for suspicion of abnormal implantation on the lower segment and cervix of the uterus and to determine the efficacy of endoscopic surgery with uterine artery blockade followed by cervical evacuation in the treatment of confirmed CP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study under multiple-clinic and multiple-hospital cooperation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary clinical and academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven women with a tentative diagnosis of CP made at their primary gynecologists' offices from July 1999 to June 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Second-opinion ultrasound scanning with transabdominal and transvaginal approach and optional color Doppler use. For patients with confirmed CP, a new treatment modality with laparoscopy-assisted uterine artery ligation followed by hysteroscopic local endocervical resection to remove the ectopic pregnancy was employed. For patients with abortion in progression or low-lying implantation/cervicoisthmic pregnancy (non-CP) requiring termination, dilatation and curettage (D&C) was performed under transabdominal ultrasound guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fulfillment of ultrasound-based diagnostic criteria and operative course, convalescence, and commencement of menstruation in those patients with confirmed CP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cervical pregnancy was diagnosed in six (22.2%) patients at <or=9-weeks' gestation, and they were all successfully treated without the need for adjuvant therapy. The mean operating time was 119 minutes, and the mean blood loss was 125 mL. Menstruation began a mean of 63 days after the treatment. Termination of non-CPs was achieved by a simple D&C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Team consultation minimizes false-positive ultrasound-based diagnosis of CP. A single-step combination endoscopic operation is an effective uterus-preserving alternative in the management of CP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. ftkung@ksts.seed.net.tw
authors.forename: Fu-Tsai
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Te-Yao
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hsuan-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Li-Ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yin-Jou
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Kuan-Hui
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000601:surgery*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008026:Ligation; D008598:Menstruation; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D011271:Pregnancy, Ectopic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply*