title: Endemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis in northern Peru.
abstract: Since Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) was isolated in Peru in 1942, >70 isolates have been obtained from mosquitoes, humans, and sylvatic mammals primarily in the Amazon region. To investigate genetic relationships among the Peru VEEV isolates and between the Peru isolates and other VEEV strains, a fragment of the PE2 gene was amplified and analyzed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism. Representatives of seven genotypes underwent sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The results identified four VEE complex lineages that cocirculate in the Amazon region: subtypes ID (Panama and Colombia/Venezuela genotypes), IIIC, and a new, proposed subtype IIID, which was isolated from a febrile human, mosquitoes, and spiny rats. Both ID lineages and the IIID subtype are associated with febrile human illness. Most of the subtype ID isolates belonged to the Panama genotype, but the Colombia/Venezuela genotype, which is phylogenetically related to epizootic strains, also continues to circulate in the Amazon basin.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0609, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: Ivorlyne P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Lark L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Abelardo C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moncayo
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anishchenko
authors.forename: George V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Turell
authors.forename: Monica L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: O'Guinn
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Tesh
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hice
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanoviak
authors.forename: Amy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dohm
authors.forename: Hilda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Amelia P A
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Travassos da Rosa
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kochel
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabezas
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology; D004666:Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004685:Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D010568:Peru / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012376:Rodent Diseases / Q000821:virology; D012377:Rodentia / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; C102373:glycoprotein PE2, Sindbis virus