title: 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol induces contraction of isolated rat aorta: role of cyclooxygenase-derived products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endocannabinoids have been shown to play a role in the regulation of vascular tone. The effects of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) on induced-tone were examined in rat aortic rings in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aortic rings from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were suspended in organ chambers for recording isometric tension development in response to 2-AG. The production of TXA2 in response to 2-AG was also assessed by enzyme immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In endothelium-intact rings pre-contracted to PGF(2alpha), 2-AG (10 nM-30 microM) induced a biphasic effect: a weak relaxation from 10 nM to 0.1 microM, which turned into a concentration-dependent contraction from 3 to 30 microM. Endothelium-denudation did not change 2-AG-mediated vascular effects. 2-AG-induced contraction was unaffected by both the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (3 microM) and the CB2 receptor antagonist SR144528 (1 microM). In contrast, the anandamine transport inhibitor (AM404, 100 microM) and the amino hydrolase inhibitor (PMSF, 30 microM) attenuated (P<0.05) the contractile response evoked by 2-AG in endothelium-intact and rubbed aortic rings. In addition, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin, 10 microM) and the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor (TP receptor) antagonist GR32191 (0.3 microM) totally abolished the contraction elicited by 2-AG in endothelium-intact and rubbed aortic rings. Challenge of isolated aortic rings with 2-AG (10 microM) evoked a significant increase in TXA2 level (measured as TXB2 level) in endothelium-intact and rubbed aortic rings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggested that the contraction elicited by 2-AG resulted from the vascular smooth muscle cell uptake and conversion of 2-AG to constrictor prostanoid TXA2, which in turn caused vasoconstriction through the stimulation of TP receptor.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine, Laboratory HP2, F-38706 La Tronche Cedex, France. fstanke@chu-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stanke-Labesque
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mallaret
authors.forename: Blandine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: Germain
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bessard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000378:metabolism; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005989:Glycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D005989:Glycerides; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D013928:Thromboxane A2; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate; D015237:Dinoprost; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone