title: [The experiments with laboratory animals from a bioethical point of view--history, modern time, perspectives].
abstract: The origin of laboratory animal science was called forth by violent development of experimental biology and medicine in the XIX century on the one hand, and on the other hand by the necessity to have standard healthy animals for experiments with strictly definite biological characteristics. With this aim in view management technology and animal use in experiments have been constantly improved. "Laboratory animal" notion has been formed by the end of the XIX century. At the beginning of laboratory animal science development ethical problems were not as urgent as they are now. It is established that the three Rs bioethical conception of W.M.S. Russel and R.L. Burch (1959) has influence on modern state and perspectives of the development of animal experimental methods. It is shown that the existence of laboratory animal protection laws and the reflection in them of compulsory ethical review of scientific project and statistics of used laboratory animals is absolutely necessary.
authors.affiliation: Institute of the History of Natural Sciences and Technology, S.I. Vavilov Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kopaladze
mesh_terms: D035661:Animal Care Committees / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000639:trends; D032761:Animal Experimentation / Q000941:ethics* / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000818:Animals; D001675:Bioethics; D049672:History, 19th Century; D012106:Research / Q000639:trends; D012426:Russia