title: Hepatic transit time of an echo enhancer: an indicator of metastatic spread to the liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Can sonographic measurements of the transit time of an echo enhancer from the hepatic artery to the hepatic vein discriminate between patients with and without liver metastases?
  
  
  METHODS
  The hepatic transit time (hepatic artery to hepatic vein delay) of an echo enhancer (Optison) was measured in pulse inversion mode on the basis of time intensity curves (TIC) in patients with gastrointestinal tumours with proven liver metastases and in patients without liver metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-four patients (46 males, 18 females, mean age 61 +/- 13 years) were admitted to the study. Fourteen patients had metastatic growth in the liver with a primary tumour in situ (group A). Fourteen patients had liver metastases following primary tumour resection (group B). Twenty-eight patients had a known primary tumour but no liver metastases (group C), and eight patients had neither liver symptoms nor a primary tumour (group D). The mean hepatic transit time in patients with liver metastases was 6.6 +/- 1.8 s in group A and 6.7 +/- 1.7 s in group B, whereas in patients without liver metastases it was significantly longer; namely, 15.7 +/- 4.4 s in group C and 15.0 +/- 2.0 s in group D (P < 0.001). The transit times in all patients with liver metastases were < or = 10 s, while in all patients without metastases except for four the times were > or = 12 s and one of the four had already developed liver metastases on early follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of the hepatic transit time permits discrimination of patients with and without liver metastases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine I, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany. thomas.bernatik@med1.imed.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bernatik
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neureiter
authors.forename: Johannes H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hänsler
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frieser
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schaber
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wein
authors.forename: Eckhart Georg
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Deike
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Strobel
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D006499:Hepatic Artery; D006503:Hepatic Veins; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D003287:Contrast Media; C099458:FS 069; D005466:Fluorocarbons