title: Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of permethrin residues from cucumber using a silica-bonded phase-coated stainless steel fibre.
abstract: Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a rapid, economic and solvent-free sample preparation method for the isolation of an analyte from its matrix. The technique uses a few centimetres of some adsorptive materials such as activated charcoal, polydimethylsiloxane or octadecyl silane coated onto fused silica optical fibres or, more recently, stainless steel fibres mounted into a microsyringe. The proposed method allows the extraction of permethrin from cucumber matrix into the coating, avoiding sample handling and saving evaporation of solvents and concentration steps. Adsorbed permethrin was desorbed in the split/splitless injection port of the gas chromatograph. The time required for each run was about 1.5 h, which gave a preconcentration of several orders of magnitude. The method could separate and quantify cis- and trans-isomers of permethrin. The calibration curve showed linearity in the range 1-9 micrograms ml-1, with detection limits of 0.03 and 0.05 microgram ml-1 for the cis- and trans-isomers of permethrin, respectively. The method had a recovery rate of about 70% and a relative standard deviation of less than 13%. Results suggest that this procedure provides a rapid and sensitive alternative method to those currently available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahoonar University, Kerman, Iran.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noroozian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazemipour
authors.forename: M Saber
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tehrani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudian
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D018553:Cucumis sativus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005410:Flame Ionization / Q000379:methods; D007306:Insecticides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007536:Isomerism; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D026023:Permethrin / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012997:Solvents; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013594:Syringes; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012997:Solvents; D013193:Stainless Steel; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D026023:Permethrin; D012822:Silicon Dioxide