title: Evolution in varicocele sclerosing treatment: the ante/retrograde (A/R) approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of simultaneous ante/retrograde (A/R), trans-scrotal and trans-brachial approach in sclerotherapy of varicocele.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between June 2000 and June 2002, 99 patients with varicocele were submitted to simultaneous A/R sclerotherapy of internal spermatic venous plexus. All presented grade III left varicocele, 39 also had right varicocele. Recurrent left varicocele was present in 25 following surgical ligations, in 1 following retrograde sclerosis, in 3 following both surgical and sclerosing techniques. Simultaneous A/R approach was performed using transbrachial percutaneous access for retrograde catheterization which does not obstruct trans-scrotal surgical field. The procedure is performed without need for general anaesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sclerotherapy of spermatic veins was always completed. At minimum 12 months follow-up (mean 18 months), only 1 failure was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trans-scrotal access allowed to guide, by means of antegrade venography, retrograde selective cannulation of spermatic vein. A/R procedure allows a complete diagnostic evaluation of collateral circulation, with possibility to occlude all vessels draining varicocele. Results at long-term follow-up show very low incidence of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Vascular Radiology, S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minucci
authors.forename: Guglielmo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mazzoni
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallina
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pavone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D014646:Varicocele / Q000628:therapy*