title: Prognostic significance of obstructive uropathy in advanced prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the incidence and prognostic implications of obstructive uropathy (OU) in patients with advanced prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy and to define the impact initial local therapy has on the development of OU in patients with prostate cancer who develop recurrence and begin androgen deprivation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a population of 260 patients with advanced prostate cancer diagnosed between 1986 and 2003, OU was identified in 51 patients. The OU treatment options included ureteral stent, percutaneous nephrostomy, transurethral resection of the prostate, Foley catheter placement, and urinary diversion. Overall survival and the factors that influenced survival were calculated using standard statistical methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  OU was diagnosed in 15 (16%) of 80 patients who received local therapy with curative intent and in whom local therapy subsequently failed and in 36 (19%) of 180 patients who had never received local therapy (P = 0.7, chi-square test). Of these 51 patients, 39 had bladder neck obstruction and 16 had ureteral obstruction. Overall survival was significantly worse for the men with OU compared with those without OU (41 versus 54 months). OU was associated with tumor stage and androgen-insensitive prostate cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  OU results in significantly reduced survival in men with prostate cancer. In a select group of patients with prostate cancer with progression after local therapy (primarily radiotherapy), no statistically significant reduction in the development of OU was observed relative to patients matched for stage, grade, and pretreatment prostate-specific antigen level treated with androgen deprivation therapy alone. Aggressive advanced stage and hormone-insensitive disease are variables associated with OU.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Case Western University School of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Oefelein
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011379:Prognosis; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014546:Urinary Catheterization