title: Aqueous and vitreous penetration of linezolid (Zyvox) after oral administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the penetration of linezolid, a synthetic oxazolidinone antibiotic, into the aqueous and vitreous humor after oral administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Noncomparative interventional, prospective case series study, randomized into group 1 (dose, one 600-mg tablet) or group 2 (2 doses of 600 mg given 12 hours apart).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy between March 2001 and August 2002 at the University of Illinois at Chicago Eye Center who had not had prior vitrectomy surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous, vitreous, and plasma samples were obtained and analyzed from 29 patients after oral administration of 1 dose (group 1A, 13 patients [13 eyes] sampled less than 2 hours after administration; group 1B, 9 patients [9 eyes] sampled more than 2 hours after administration) or 2 doses 12 hours apart (group 2, 7 patients [7 eyes]) before surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Aqueous, vitreous, and plasma concentrations of linezolid (micrograms per milliliter).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1A achieved mean aqueous, vitreous, and plasma levels of 0.77+/-0.6 microg/mL, 0.3+/-0.3 microg/mL, and 5.0+/-3.3 microg/mL, respectively. Group 1B achieved mean aqueous, vitreous, and plasma levels of 3.8+/-1.2 microg/mL, 2.3+/-1.4 microg/mL, and 7.6+/-2.7 microg/mL, respectively. Group 2 achieved mean aqueous, vitreous, and plasma levels of 6.6+/-2.7 microg/mL, 5.7+/-2.7 microg/mL, and 10.3+/-4.1 microg/mL, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mean inhibitory aqueous and vitreous minimum inhibitory concentrations for 90% of isolates (MIC(90)) were achieved against all gram-positive bacteria, including vancomycin-resistant enterococcus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcal species after 2 doses given 12 hours apart. Mean MIC(90) were achieved for many gram-positive pathogens after only one dose in many patients after approximately 4 hours.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Fiscella
authors.forename: Wico W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buerk
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Rodvold
authors.forename: Jose S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pulido
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Labib
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Norman P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Blair
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D000069349:Linezolid; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014821:Vitrectomy; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D000069349:Linezolid