title: Nefopam blocks voltage-sensitive sodium channels and modulates glutamatergic transmission in rodents.
abstract: In order to specify the nature of interactions between the analgesic compound nefopam and the glutamatergic system, we examined the effects of nefopam on binding of specific ligands on the three main subtypes ionotropic glutamate receptors: N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA), or quisqualic acid (QA) and kainic acid (KA) in rat brain membrane preparations. Functionally, we investigated the effects of nefopam against the seizures induced by agonists of these excitatory glutamate receptors in mice. Since the synaptic release of glutamate mainly depends upon the activation of membrane voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSCs), the nature of interactions between nefopam and these ionic channels was studied by evaluating the effects of nefopam on binding of 3H-batrachotoxinin, a specific ligand of the VSSCs in rat brain membrane preparations. The functional counterpart of the binding of nefopam on VSSCs was evaluated by its effects on the 22Na uptake-stimulated by veratridine on human neuroblastoma cells and in the maximal electroshock test in mice. Nefopam showed no affinity for the subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors up to 100 microM. On the other hand, nefopam was effective against NMDA, QA and KA induced clonic seizures in mice. Nefopam displaced 3H-batrachotoxinin and inhibited the uptake of 22Na in the micromolar range and it protected mice against electroshock induced seizures. Nefopam may block the VSSCs activity: consequently, at the presynaptic level, this effect led to a reduction of glutamate release and at the postsynaptic level, it led to a decrease of the neuronal excitability following activation of the glutamate receptors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoires Biocodex-Service de Pharmacologie-Zac de Mercières, 60200 Compiègne, France. m.verleye@biocodex.fr
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verleye
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Heulard
authors.forename: Jean-Marie
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gillardin
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D004597:Electroshock; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009340:Nefopam / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016318:Quisqualic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*; D014316:Tritium; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D015222:Sodium Channels; D014316:Tritium; C069052:CGP 39653; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D009340:Nefopam; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D018350:alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; D016318:Quisqualic Acid; D007608:Kainic Acid