title: Ursodeoxycholic acid decreases viscosity and sedimentable fractions of gallbladder bile in patients with cholesterol gallstones.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy is associated with reduced risk of biliary pain and acute cholecystitis or pancreatitis in patients with cholesterol gallstones. The underlying mechanisms are understood incompletely, which prompted us to study the influence of UDCA treatment on composition, viscosity and sedimentable fractions of gallbladder bile in 25 patients with symptomatic cholesterol gallstones.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two randomised groups, either UDCA (750 mg daily) or placebo was given to each patient 10-12 days before cholecystectomy. Gallbladder bile was collected intraoperatively and analysed for protein, mucin, lipid composition, cholesterol crystal observation time, amount of cholesterol in vesicles, viscosity and sedimentable fractions (cholesterol, protein, mucin, bilirubin).
  
  
  RESULTS
  UDCA-treated patients showed longer cholesterol crystal observation times and lower concentrations of total cholesterol and percentages of vesicular cholesterol in gallbladder bile. The concentrations of protein and mucin in gallbladder bile tended to be lower in the UDCA-treated group, but phospholipids, bile acids and bilirubin did not differ between the groups. Viscosity and the total sedimentable fractions of gallbladder bile decreased in the UDCA-treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UDCA treatment reduces total and vesicular cholesterol, the formation of cholesterol crystals, viscosity, and the total amount of sedimentable fractions in gallbladder bile. These observations might explain, at least partially, why UDCA treatment attenuates the occurrence of biliary pain and complications in gallstone patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Benedikta Z
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Zündt
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jüngst
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jüngst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001646:Bile / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000032:analysis; D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis; D022162:Cytoplasmic Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000737:chemistry / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008823:Micelles; D008875:Middle Aged; D009077:Mucins / Q000032:analysis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D002756:Cholagogues and Choleretics; D008823:Micelles; D009077:Mucins; D010743:Phospholipids; D011506:Proteins; D014580:Ursodeoxycholic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D001663:Bilirubin