On-site testing of illicit drugs: the use of the drug-testing device "Toxiquick".
Since 1998, driving under the influence of drugs such as amphetamine, MDMA, MDE, cannabis, cocaine, heroine and morphine is sanctioned due to Section 24a of the Road Traffic Regulations of Germany. Therefore, from December 2000 to June 2002 altogether 751 roadside tests with the immunochemical test device Toxiquick were conducted on 302 drivers (273 male and 29 female) on oral fluid samples obtained during control actions in Franconia. The results of the tests are compared to the results obtained through quantification of corresponding blood samples by GC/MS. In general, in 75% the roadside test produced correct results and therefore gave helpful assistance to the police officers into the right direction regarding drug abuse. Except for cannabinoids, the number of false negative results was relatively small, whereas false positive results ranged between 32.2% for opiates and 10.7% for benzoylecgonine.
Biermann
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T
Department of Forensic Medicine, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitaetsstrasse 22, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. teresa.biermann@recht.imed.uni-erlangen.de
Schwarze
B
B
Zedler
B
B
Betz
P
P
D000661:Amphetamine / Q000032:analysis; D001334:Automobile Driving; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000032:analysis; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000032:analysis; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000032:analysis; D009294:Narcotics / Q000032:analysis; D011934:Reagent Strips; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods*
D002186:Cannabinoids; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018765:Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; D009294:Narcotics; D011934:Reagent Strips; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D000661:Amphetamine; D003042:Cocaine; D008691:Methadone