title: High specificity of quantitative excision repair cross-complementing 1 messenger RNA expression for prediction of minor histopathological response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The excision repair cross-complementing 1 (ERCC1) gene is coding for a nucleotide excision repair protein involved in the repair of radiation- and chemotherapy-induced DNA damage. We examined the potential of quantitative ERCC1 mRNA expression to predict minor or major histopathological response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and 36 Gy of radiation) followed by transthoracic en bloc esophagectomy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer (cT(2-4), N(x), M(0)).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples were collected by endoscopic biopsy before treatment. RNA was isolated from biopsies, and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assays were performed to determine ERCC1 mRNA expression. Relative mRNA levels (tumor/normal ratios) were calculated as (ERCC1/beta-actin in tumor)/(ERCC1/beta-actin in paired normal tissue). ERCC1 expression levels were correlated with the objective histopathological response in resected specimens. Histomorphological regression was defined as major response when resected specimens contained <10% of residual vital tumor cells or in case a pathologically complete response was achieved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve of 36 tumors showed a major histopathological response, and 24 of 36 showed a minor histopathological response. Relative expression levels of ERCC1 of >1.09 were not associated with a major histopathological response (sensitivity, 62.5%; specificity, 100%) and 15 of 24 patients with minor histopathological response to the delivered neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy could be unequivocally identified. This association of dichotomized relative ERCC1 mRNA expression and histopathological response was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Relative expression levels of ERCC1 mRNA determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR appear highly specific to predict minor response to our neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy protocol in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer and could be applied to prevent expensive, noneffective, and potentially harmful therapies in a substantial number (42%) of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Warnecke-Eberz
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miyazono
authors.forename: Stephan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Baldus
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neiss
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brabender
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Doerfler
authors.forename: Elfriede
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bollschweiler
authors.forename: Hans P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Dienes
authors.forename: Rolf P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Danenberg
authors.forename: Arnulf H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hoelscher
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004720:Endonucleases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; C071447:ERCC1 protein, human; D004720:Endonucleases