title: The incidence and survival of acute de novo leukaemias in Estonia and in a well-defined region of western Sweden during 1982-1996: a survey of patients aged > or =65 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the incidence and survival of acute de novo leukaemias with particular reference to political/socio-economic and environmental factors in two neighbouring countries over the three 5-year periods (1982-1996).
  
  
  METHODS
  The present report covers only patients diagnosed when aged > or =65 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A well-defined area of Sweden, the so-called Western Swedish Health Care Region and Estonia. Population-wise, the western Swedish Region and Estonia are very similar; area-wise they are also well comparable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of acute de novo leukaemias was quite dissimilar in the two countries (Estonia, n = 137, Sweden, n = 354). The age standardized incidence rates regarding the total number of acute de novo leukaemias was 5.31 per 100,000 inhabitants/year for Estonia and 7.99 for Sweden, this difference being statistically significant. However, the difference was merely attributable to incidence rates as regards acute myeloblastic leukaemias (AML); on the contrary, differences as regards acute lymphoblastic leukaemias (ALL) and non-classifiable, undifferentiated or biphenotypic acute leukaemias (uAL) were negligible. The relative survival for the total material of patients was significantly higher for Swedish when compared with Estonian patients (P < 0.001). Thus, the relative survival for the total material of patients aged > or =65 years in Estonia at 1 year was 8.5% and at 3 years 3.5% respectively. The corresponding figures for the Swedish patients were considerably higher, 22.7 and 7.7% respectively. This difference, however, applied only for patients with AML (P < 0.001), whereas the results for patients with ALL and uAL were equally dismal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results clearly reflect how political and socio-economic factors may influence the survival of acute leukemia patients in two neighbouring countries.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Hematology and Oncology, Tartu University Clinics, Tartu, Estonia.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luik
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Everaus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aareleid
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wennström
authors.forename: E-L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Juntikka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Safai-Kutti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stockelberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kutti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D004777:Environment; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology