title: Dynamics of yolk sac resorption and post-hatching development of the gastrointestinal tract in chickens, ducks and geese.
abstract: Under similar environmental conditions, 100 male Shaver-Starbro hybrid chickens, 100 male Mulard cross-line ducklings and 100 male Landaise goslings kept in 30 metabolic cages from the first day of life (10 birds of each species separately per cage) were chosen for the study. The animals were fed semi ad libitum diets with crude protein content and energy density similar to that used for poultry species, avoiding feed residues. During the first 21 days of life they received starter diets and from day 22 to 42 grower diets. Maize accounted for 23-40% and barley constituted 10-18%. Wheat accounted for 20.0% in starter diets and 10-18% in grower diets. Resorption of yolk sac residues, performance, development of the intestinal tract in young chickens, ducklings and goslings were assessed. During the first 5 days of life intensive absorption of yolk sac ingredients was observed. On day 7, residues of the yolk sac were found in more than 30% of chickens compared with approximately 10% in geese. In ducklings residues of the yolk sac were not found. On day 16 unabsorbed yolk sacs were found in approximately 10% of chickens. Liver and pancreas weighed the highest in geese and in ducks; in chickens the weight of these organs was significantly lower (p < 0.01). The relative values calculated to 100 g of metabolic body weight show that the average small intestine in chickens was significantly longer (p < 0.01) than in ducks or geese. The intestinal tract developed earlier in the chicken than in the water fowl.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Quality, Agricultural University, Wrocław, Poland. Djamroz@zoo.ar.wroc.pl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jamroz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wertelecki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiliczkiewicz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skorupińska
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D004372:Ducks / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D005777:Geese / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D010179:Pancreas / Q000254:growth & development; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000378:metabolism*