title: Gene transfer of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor improves the function of lung allografts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tumor necrosis factor is an important mediator of lung transplant acute rejection. Soluble type I tumor necrosis factor receptor binds to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta and inhibits their function. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate efficient in vivo gene transfer of a soluble type I tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein (sTNF-RI-Ig) and determine its effects on lung allograft acute rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of Fischer rats (n = 6 per group) underwent recipient intramuscular transfection 24 hours before transplantation with saline, 1 x 10(10) plaque-forming units of control adenovirus encoding beta-galactosidase, or 1 x 10(10) plaque-forming units of adenovirus encoding human sTNF-RI-Ig (Ad.sTNF-RI-Ig). One group (n = 6) received recipient intramuscular transfection with 1 x 10(10) Ad.sTNF-RI-Ig at the time of transplantation. Brown Norway donor lung grafts were stored for 5 hours before orthotopic lung transplantation. Graft function and rejection scores were assessed 5 days after transplantation. Time-dependent transgene expression in muscle, serum, and lung grafts were evaluated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of human soluble type I tumor necrosis factor receptor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recipient intramuscular transfection with 1 x 10(10) plaque-forming units of Ad.sTNF-RI-Ig significantly improved arterial oxygenation when delivered 24 hours before transplantation compared with saline, beta-galactosidase, and Ad.sTNF-RI-Ig transfection at the time of transplantation (435.8 +/- 106.6 mm Hg vs 142.3 +/- 146.3 mm Hg, 177.4 +/- 153.7 mm Hg, and 237.3 +/- 185.2 mm Hg; P =.002,.005, and.046, respectively). Transgene expression was time dependent, and there was a trend toward lower vascular rejection scores (P =.066) in the Ad.sTNF-RI-Ig group transfected 24 hours before transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recipient intramuscular Ad.sTNF-RI-Ig gene transfer improves allograft function in a well-established model of acute rejection. Maximum benefit was observed when transfection occurred 24 hours before transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Barnes- Jewish Hospital, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tagawa
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kozower
authors.forename: Samer A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kanaan
authors.forename: Niccolò
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Daddi
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Tadayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Jon H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: G Alexander
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Patterson
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014162:Transfection; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor