title: Pulmonary injury follows systemic inflammatory reaction in infrarenal aortic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether an inflammatory response occurs in patients undergoing infrarenal aortic abdominal aneurysm repair, the localization and timing (ischemia and/or reperfusion) of this activation, and finally whether it affects postoperative pulmonary function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic referral center in Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 12 patients undergoing infrarenal aortic abdominal aneurysm repair and 12 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Timed measurement of gene activation (angiotensinogen, angiotensin type 1 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and interleukin-6 genes) in muscle biopsies by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and prospective assessment of interleukin-6 plasma concentration and pulmonary function (Pao2/FIO2 and Pao2/PAO2 ratios).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 30 mins of aortic clamping, angiotensinogen, angiotensin type 1 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and interleukin-6 genes were all overexpressed at RT-PCR studies in quadriceps muscle of patients undergoing aortic abdominal aneurysm repair, and the overexpression persisted after reperfusion. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that the inflammatory response was localized in endothelial cells. A significant increase in plasma interleukin-6 concentrations was then detectable at 6 and 12 hrs after reperfusion in aortic abdominal aneurysm surgery compared with patients undergoing abdominal surgery (p < .05). The increase in interleukin-6 plasma concentration was then followed (12 and 24 hrs after surgery) by a significant reduction of Pao2/ FIO2 and Pao2/PAO2 ratios (p < .05 vs. abdominal surgery).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that a) during aortic surgery, the genes for interleukin-6 and for the components of the local renin-angiotensin system (angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and angiotensin type 1 receptor subtype) are activated early in the ischemic muscle, and activation persists during reperfusion; b) interleukin-6 plasma concentration increases only in patients with tissue ischemia (aortic abdominal aneurysm), whereas no changes are detectable in patients with abdominal surgery; and finally c) the occurrence of systemic inflammatory reaction with increased interleukin-6 plasma concentrations is followed by impaired pulmonary function.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adembri
authors.forename: Eleni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kastamoniti
authors.forename: Iacopo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bertolozzi
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanni
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dorigo
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coppo
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pratesi
authors.forename: A Raffaele
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: De Gaudio
authors.forename: Gian F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gensini
authors.forename: Pietro A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Modesti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D003082:Colectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013848:Thigh / Q000098:blood supply; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A