title: Stimulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-3 synthesis by IGF-I and transforming growth factor-alpha is mediated by both phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in mammary epithelial cells.
abstract: IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 is an important regulator of mammary epithelial cell (MEC) growth and can enhance the ability of both IGF-I and epidermal growth factor ligands such as TGFalpha to stimulate MEC proliferation. Here we investigate the role of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and MAPK pathways in the regulation of IGFBP-3 expression by IGF-I and TGFalpha in bovine MECs. Both growth factors stimulated DNA synthesis, although IGF-I was the stronger mitogen. IGF-I and TGFalpha also stimulated IGFBP-3 mRNA and protein levels. TGFalpha stimulated rapid, transient activation of Akt that was maximal at 5 min and diminished by 15 min. In contrast, IGF-I-induced Akt activation was maximal between 15 and 90 min and was sustained for 6 h. Although ERK 1/2 was maximally stimulated by TGFalpha between 5 and 15 min, IGF-I did not stimulate discernible activation of ERK 1/2. In addition, TGFalpha but not IGF-I induced rapid phosphorylation of Shc, whereas only IGF-I activated insulin receptor substrate-1. Pretreatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or knockdown of p85 with small interfering RNA inhibited IGF-I or TGFalpha-stimulated IGFBP-3 expression. Similarly, MAPK kinase-1 inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 each abolished TGFalpha-stimulated increases in IGFBP-3 mRNA levels. In contrast to TGFalpha, IGF-I retained the ability to partially increase IGFBP-3 mRNA levels in the presence of MAPK kinase-1 inhibitors, indicating that IGF-I may activate alternative substrates of the PI3K pathway that are involved in IGFBP-3 regulation. In conclusion, stimulation of IGFBP-3 mRNA levels by mitogens is regulated through both the PI3K and MAPK pathways in bovine MECs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 108 Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520, USA.
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sivaprasad
authors.forename: Jodie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Poonam S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Kelly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Gwenaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Desury
authors.forename: Wendie S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Cohick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000166:cytology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D004247:DNA; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D005419:Flavonoids; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one