title: Dendritic cells reduce number and function of CD4+CD25+ cells in cytokine-induced killer cells derived from patients with pancreatic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  CD4+CD25+ cells are described as professional regulatory/suppressor T cells that are crucial for the prevention of spontaneous autoimmune diseases. They play an important role in maintaining a balanced peripheral immune system. On the other hand, it has been suggested that regulatory T cells (Treg) suppress antitumor immune responses after tumor-specific vaccinations. Therefore, we determined the percentage of regulatory T cells in cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, an effector cell population with high impact for adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIK cells showed strong induction of CD4+CD25+ cells with high secretion of interleukin 10 (IL-10) after unspecific stimulation of the TCR complex and stimulation with interleukin 2. Depletion of CD25+ cells led to an increase in cytotoxic activity and a reduction of IL-10 release. A more pronounced reversal of suppression could be induced by coculture of CIK cells with dendritic cells (DCs). After coculture of CIK cells with DCs, the number of CD4+CD25+ cells as well as the IL-10 concentration in the supernatant decreased, and the cytotoxic activity against pancreatic carcinoma cells increased. This was shown for cells from healthy donors as well as for cells from patients with pancreatic carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our established effector cells possess some regulatory features induced by unspecific TCR-activation that could be prevented by coculture with DCs. CIK cells have desirable properties for immunotherapeutical approaches, especially after coculture with DCs, which could be used additionally for induction of a specific immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 350, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eisold
authors.forename: Markus W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Büchler
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Märten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002469:Cell Separation; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D016753:Interleukin-10