title: The STIRR model of best practices for blood-borne diseases among clients with serious mental illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Persons with severe mental illness have a markedly elevated risk of several blood-borne infections, including HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Prevention, early detection, and treatment of these disorders are crucial interventions for high-risk populations. However, because of a number of barriers, most clients with severe mental illness do not receive these basic best-practice services. The authors describe a public health model intervention designed to deliver basic best-practice services for blood-borne diseases, as specified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to clients with severe mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention, called STIRR (for screen, test, immunize, reduce risk, and refer), is brief (requiring approximately one hour per client) and is delivered at the site of mental health care by a mobile team of specialists. Clients are provided with risk screening, testing for HIV and hepatitis, immunization for hepatitis A and B, risk-reduction counseling, and treatment referral for blood-borne infections. Also described is a pilot study to evaluate this model in two publicly funded community mental health centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the first site, 137 (79 percent) of clients with severe mental illness were tested and immunized. At the second site, more than two-thirds of the clients of a dual diagnosis team participated (67 clients, or 68 percent). Intervention costs per client ranged from 194 dollars to 262 dollars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S: The STIRR approach has the potential to provide a basic, best-practice package of interventions for high-risk clients with severe mental illness.
authors.affiliation: New Hampshire-Dartmouth Psychiatric Research Canter and Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon 03766, USA. stanley.rosenberg@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunette
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oxman
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dietrich
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mueser
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Will
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Torrey
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vidaver
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D003140:Communicable Disease Control / Q000379:methods*; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D009513:New Hampshire; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D014481:United States