title: A role for human MUC4 mucin gene, the ErbB2 ligand, as a target of TGF-beta in pancreatic carcinogenesis.
abstract: MUC4: encodes a large transmembrane mucin that is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The molecular mechanisms responsible for that altered pattern of expression are unknown. TGF-beta, a pleiotropic cytokine, regulates numerous genes involved in pancreatic carcinogenesis via activation of the Smads proteins and MUC4 promoter is rich in Smad-binding elements. Our aim was to study whether the regulation of MUC4 expression by TGF-beta in pancreatic cancer cells was strictly dependent on Smad4 activity. Three pancreatic cancer cell lines, CAPAN-1 (MUC4+/Smad4-), CAPAN-2 (MUC4+/Smad4+) and PANC-1 (MUC4-/Smad4+), were used. By RT-PCR, transfection assays and immunohistochemistry, we show that (i) both MUC4 mRNA and apomucin expression are upregulated by TGF-beta, (ii) Smad2 positively cooperates with Smad4 to activate the promoter, (iii) activation of Smad4 by exogenous TGF-beta induces Smad4 binding to the promoter, (iv) Smad7 and c-ski both inhibit activation by Smad4. When Smad4 is mutated and inactive, TGF-beta activates MUC4 expression via MAPK, PI3K and PKA signaling pathways. Absence of expression in PANC-1 cells is due to histone deacetylation. Altogether, these results indicate that upregulation of MUC4 by TGF-beta is restricted to well-differentiated pancreatic cancer cells, and point out a novel mechanism for TGF-beta as a key molecule in targeting MUC4 overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Unité INSERM 560, Place de Verdun, 59045 Lille Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jonckheere
authors.forename: Michaël
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perrais
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mariette
authors.forename: Surinder K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Aubert
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pigny
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Van Seuningen
mesh_terms: D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005752:Gastric Mucins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D055264:Mucin-4; D009077:Mucins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005752:Gastric Mucins; D006657:Histones; D008024:Ligands; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D055264:Mucin-4; D009077:Mucins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C524658:MUC4 protein, human; C497782:SMAD2 protein, human; C497796:SMAD4 protein, human; C053366:apomucin