title: The learning of programmed- and feedback- based processes controlling the production of a positioning response in two dimensions.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to investigate the learning of the programmed- and feedback-based processes controlling the production of a slow, self-paced positioning response in two dimensions (direction and extent) in the horizontal plane. Both experiments had two phases: an acquisition phase of 60 trials with KR, followed by a KR withdrawal phase of 20 trials. In Experiment 1, one group (N=15) had visual feedback about the ongoing movement and the other group (N=15) did not. In Experiment 2, one group (N=15) practiced initiating the response in the criterion direction and moving the criterion extent, whereas, the other group (N=15) practiced initiating the response in the criterion direction and moving randomly varied extents. The results of Experiment 1 indicated that the learning of a programmed-based process is a gradually acquired freedom from visual feedback. Experiment 2 revealed that a programmed-based process can be learned independent of a feedback-based process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Christina
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Anson