title: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 inhibits ATM kinase activity in DNA damage response.
abstract: DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) mobilize DNA-repair machinery and cell cycle checkpoint by activating the ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) mutated (ATM). Here we show that ATM kinase activity is inhibited by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in vitro. It was shown by biochemical fractionation procedure that PARP-1 as well as ATM increases at chromatin level after induction of DSB with neocarzinostatin (NCS). Phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 and p53 on serine 15 in Parp-1 knockout (Parp-1(-/-)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) was significantly induced by NCS treatment compared with MEF derived from wild-type (Parp-1(+/+)) mouse. NCS-induced phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 in Parp-1(-/-) embryonic stem cell (ES) clones was also higher than that in Parp-1(+/+) ES clone. Furthermore, in vitro, PARP-1 inhibited phosphorylation of p53 on serine 15 and (32)P-incorporation into p53 by ATM in a DNA-dependent manner. These results suggest that PARP-1 negatively regulates ATM kinase activity in response to DSB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioactive Molecules, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hidesuke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukazawa
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masutani
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hirobumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Teraoka
authors.forename: Shuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uehara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006657:Histones; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases