title: Multiplex PCR allows simultaneous detection of pathogens in ships' ballast water.
abstract: There is enormous potential for global transfer of microorganisms, including pathogens, in ships' ballast water. We contend that a major advancement in the study of ballast-water microorganisms in particular, and of aquatic pathogens in general, will be expedited sample analysis, such as provided by the elegant technology of DNA microarrays. In order to use DNA microarrays, however, one must establish the appropriate conditions to bind target sequences in samples to multiple probes on the microarrays. We conducted proof-of-concept experiments to optimize simultaneous detection of multiple microorganisms using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization. We chose three target organisms, all potentially found in ballast water: a calicivirus, the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, and the photosynthetic protist Aureococcus anophagefferens. Here, we show simultaneous detection of multiple pathogens is possible, a result supporting the promising future use of microarrays for simultaneous detection of pathogens in ballast water.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pediatric Research, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 855 West Brambleton Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia 23510, USA.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Aridgides
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Doblin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Berke
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Dobbs
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Matson
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Drake
mesh_terms: D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002139:Caliciviridae / Q000235:genetics; D044523:Chrysophyta / Q000235:genetics; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012623:Seawater / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology*; D012767:Ships; D014734:Vibrio cholerae / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D009841:Oligonucleotides