Understanding the environmental issues in diabetes self-management education research: a reexamination of 8 studies in community-based settings.
Eight studies included in a recent systematic review of the efficacy of diabetes self-management education were qualitatively reexamined to determine the presence of theoretical frameworks, methods used to ensure cultural appropriateness, and the quality of the instrument. Theoretical frameworks that help to explain complex pathways that produce health outcomes were lacking; culture indices were not incorporated into diabetes self-management education; and the instruments used to measure outcomes were inadequate. We provide recommendations to improve research on diabetes self-management education in community settings through use of a contextual framework that encourages targeting multiple levels of influence--individual, family, organizational, community, and policy.
Jack
Leonard
L
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA. ljack@cdc.gov
Liburd
Leandris
L
Spencer
Tirzah
T
Airhihenbuwa
Collins O
CO
D003153:Community Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D003469:Culture; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012648:Self Care