title: Genome wide scan in a Flemish inflammatory bowel disease population: support for the IBD4 locus, population heterogeneity, and epistasis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genome wide scans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have indicated various susceptibility regions with replication of 16cen (IBD1), 12q (IBD2), 6p (IBD3), 14q11 (IBD4), and 3p21. As no linkage was previously found on IBD regions 3, 7, 12, and 16 in Flemish IBD families, a genome wide scan was performed to detect other susceptibility regions in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 149 IBD affected relative pairs, all recruited from the Northern Flemish part of Belgium, were genotyped using microsatellite markers at 12 cM intervals, and analysed by Genehunter non-parametric linkage software. All families were further genotyped for the three main Crohn's disease associated variants in the NOD2/CARD15 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nominal evidence for linkage was observed on chromosomes 1 (D1S197: multipoint non-parametric linkage (NPL) score 2.57, p = 0.004; and at D1S305-D1S252: NPL 2.97, p = 0.001), 4q (D4S406: NPL 1.95, p = 0.03), 6q16 (D6S314: NPL 2.44, p = 0.007), 10p12 (D10S197: NPL 2.05, p = 0.02), 11q22 (D11S35-D11S927: NPL 1.95, p = 0.02) 14q11-12 (D14S80: NPL 2.41, p = 0.008), 20p12 (D20S192: NPL 2.7, p = 0.003), and Xq (DXS990: NPL 1.70, p = 0.04). A total of 51.4% of patients carried at least one NOD2/CARD15 variant. Furthermore, epistasis was observed between susceptibility regions 6q/10p and 20p/10p.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genome scanning in a Flemish IBD population found nominal evidence for linkage on 1p, 4q, 10p12, and 14q11, overlapping with other genome scan results, with linkage on 14q11-12 supporting the IBD4 locus. The results further show that epistasis is contributing to the complex model of IBD and indicate that population heterogeneity is not to be underestimated. Finally, NOD2/CARD15 is clearly implicated in the Flemish IBD population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vermeire
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rutgeerts
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van Steen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joossens
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Claessens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vlietinck
mesh_terms: D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 / Q000235:genetics; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers