title: Adiponectin, inflammation, and the expression of the metabolic syndrome in obese individuals: the impact of rapid weight loss through caloric restriction.
abstract: Severe obesity increases the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, and moderate acute weight loss with a very low-calorie diet in obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome leads to significant metabolic benefits. Adiponectin has been implicated in both the pathogenesis of obesity-related insulin resistance and increased inflammation. We analyzed the relationship of the adipocyte-derived hormone adiponectin with indices of inflammation, adiposity, and insulin resistance in obese subjects with (MS+, n = 40) and without (MS-, n = 40) the metabolic syndrome and examined the acute effects of rapid weight loss. MS+ subjects had significantly lower adiponectin (7.6 +/- 0.6 vs. 10.4 +/- 0.6 microg/ml; P = 0.003) and significantly higher TNF-alpha (3.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.3 pg/ml; P = 0.004) levels compared with MS- subjects matched for age and body mass index. Plasma adiponectin and TNF-alpha levels were inversely related to the number of metabolic syndrome factors in a stepwise manner. After 4-6 wk of weight loss, there was marked improvement in glucose, insulin, leptin, and triglycerides, whereas adiponectin and TNF-alpha concentrations did not change. Thus, increases in plasma levels of adiponectin or reductions in TNF-alpha are not required for marked improvements in glucose/insulin and lipid metabolism with acute weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Antonios M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Xydakis
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Case
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Ron C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hoogeveen
authors.forename: Mine-Yine
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: E O'Brian
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kathleen W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Christie M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ballantyne
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D011506:Proteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha