title: A phase II, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose comparative study of the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of MCC-135 in subjects with chronic heart failure, NYHA class II/III (MCC-135-GO1 study): rationale and design.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic heart failure (CHF) can be caused either by a predominant abnormality in systolic function (systolic heart failure) or a predominant abnormality in diastolic function (diastolic heart failure). Randomized clinical trials have identified a number of pharmaceutical agents that can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with systolic heart failure. Despite significant therapeutic advances, systolic heart failure continues to result in high rates of morbidity and mortality. In contrast to systolic heart failure, no randomized clinical trials have been performed in patients with diastolic heart failure. Common to the mechanisms causing both systolic and diastolic heart failure are abnormalities in calcium homeostasis. Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation has developed a compound (MCC-135, INN; caldaret) whose mechanism of action is proposed to be modulation of calcium homeostasis at the sarcoplasmic reticulum and cellular membrane. The purpose of this study was to test the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of MCC-135 in patients with mild to moderate heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study of parallel group design comparing 3 oral dose regimens of MCC-135 (5 mg, 25 mg, 50 mg, twice daily) with a placebo control. The treatment period was 24 weeks. A total of 511 patients were recruited from 69 centers in the United States and Europe. One hundred and twenty-five patients were recruited in each of the 4 treatment groups. Patients in each treatment group were divided into 2 cohorts: those with an ejection fraction < or = 40%, and those with an ejection fraction >40% as determined by core laboratory analysis of echocardiographic studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patient recruitment was completed in September 2002. Patient follow-up was completed by February 2003; the results will be available for release in 2004.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, and the Ralph H. Johnson, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, 29425, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zile
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gaasch
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tavazzi
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davies
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010879:Piperazines; C487217:caldaret; D002118:Calcium