Immediate hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine: literature review.
Chlorhexidine, an antiseptic belonging to family of biguanides, is used extensively in the medical and surgical environment. Late onset hypersensitivity and eczema occur regularly and are well documented events. Conversely, immediate hypersensitivity, sometimes taking the form of acute urticaria that can result in anaphylactic shock, is rarer. These manifestations can occur during contact of the skin or mucosa with chlorhexidine. Out of the fifty case reports of chlorhexidine-related anaphylaxis published worldwide over the past ten years, fifteen occurred during surgery. Signs generally appear from 15 to 45 minutes after the start of anesthesia. If there is any suspicion of immediate allergy to chlorhexidine, prick-tests or even intradermal reaction (IDR) techniques are highly recommended. In the event of confirmed allergy to chlorhexidine, strict eviction is required, bearing in mind that over a hundred medicinal products currently on the French market contain chlorhexidine.
Beaudouin
E
E
Service de Médecine Interne, Immunologie Clinique et Allergologie, CHU de Nancy, Hôpital Central - 29, avenue de Lattre de Tassigny, 54035 Nancy, France.
Kanny
G
G
Morisset
M
M
Renaudin
J M
JM
Mertes
M
M
Laxenaire
M C
MC
Mouton
C
C
Jacson
F
F
Moneret-Vautrin
D A
DA
D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced; D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D001986:Bronchial Spasm / Q000139:chemically induced; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D007428:Intradermal Tests; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012882:Skin Tests; D014581:Urticaria / Q000139:chemically induced
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D002710:Chlorhexidine