title: Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane-induced mitochondrial and myofibrillar damage: short-term time-course study.
abstract: Cardiotoxicity induced by 2-, 3-, 5-, and 12-day dermal administration of 400 and 600 mg/kg/day of bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane to F344/N male and female rats was characterized. The severity and incidence of lesions were similar among males and females and in all three regions of the heart examined (atrium, ventricle, interventricular septum). Damage induced by bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane consisted of time-related development of myofiber vacuolation, necrosis, mononuclear-cell infiltration, fibrosis, and atrial thrombosis. Changes were pronounced at day 2, increased in severity at day 3, appeared to decrease at day 5, and resolved by study-day 16 that corresponded to 12 dosings. Ultrastructural analysis of 2- and 5-day 600 mg/kg/day-treated females elucidated the primary site of damage, the mitochondrion, and two types of vacuolation, one that formed as damaged mitochondria became devoid of cristae and their bounding double membranes became reduced to singleness, and the other manifested as distention of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. After the initial damage induced by bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane, or its metabolite, thiodiglycolic acid, protective mechanisms within the heart were apparently initiated, enabling it to cope with the continued exposure to the toxicant while eliminating some damaged myofibers.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. dunnickj@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunnick
authors.forename: JoAnne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nyska
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D005019:Ethyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009210:Myofibrils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013864:Thioglycolates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D005019:Ethyl Ethers; D013864:Thioglycolates; C010518:thiodiacetic acid; C495703:bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane; D003402:Creatine Kinase