title: Bilateral versus single internal thoracic artery grafting in oral-treated diabetic subsets: comparative seven-year outcome analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent interest has focused on the use of arterial conduits in diabetic subsets. To date, the long-term benefits of bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting in this subgroup remain in question.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred eighty-five consecutive oral-treated diabetics operated on nonemergent basis (1996 to 1998) were compared according to the surgical technique, left-sided skeletonized BITA (n = 228) or single internal thoracic artery- saphenous veins (SITA) (n = 57). Patients with chronic lung disease, usually preselected to SITA grafting, were not included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The respective grafts to patient ratio was 3.1 +/- 1 and 3.2 +/- 0.8 for the SITA and BITA groups (p = NS). Complementary conduits used in the BITA group were gastroepiploic arteries (25%) and saphenous veins (13%). Early outcome was comparable, including the incidence of deep sternal infections (1.8% in both groups). During follow-up (range, 4 to 7.5 years; median, 5), there were less repeat revascularizations (4.4% vs 12.3%, p = 0.025) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (11.2% vs 36.8%, p < 0.0001) in the BITA group. At 7 years, survival (Kaplan-Meier) (75% vs 59%, p = 0.006, log-rank), freedom from cardiac mortality (92% vs 68%, p < 0.0001), and freedom from MACE (70% vs 59%, p = 0.004) were superior in the BITA group. Multivariate analysis identified the use of BITA as a protective factor against the occurrence of late cardiac mortality (odds ratio [OR] 0.2) and MACE (OR 0.3); conversely, SITA-saphenous vein arrangements increased the risk by fivefold (OR 5, confidence interval limits [CL] 1.6 to 16.6, p = 0.005) and threefold (OR 3.3, CL 1.5 to 9, p = 0.005), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left-sided BITA grafting confers improved long-term survival and event-free survival in oral-treated diabetics. We, therefore, recommended this approach in this diabetic subset.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel. orenlevran@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Oren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lev-Ran
authors.forename: Rony
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Braunstein
authors.forename: Nahum
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nesher
authors.forename: Yanai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ben-Gal
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bolotin
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uretzky
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000379:methods*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011182:Postoperative Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents