title: The calcium sensitizer levosimendan improves the function of stunned myocardium after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the effects of levosimendan on left ventricular (LV) function in patients with acute myocardial ischemia and after coronary angioplasty.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The calcium sensitizer levosimendan improves the function of myocardium in experimental stunning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with an acute coronary syndrome underwent angioplasty followed by double-blinded, randomized treatment with 24 microg/kg of levosimendan (n = 16) or placebo (n = 8). Left ventricular pressures and volumes were recorded by cineventriculography and micromanometer-tipped catheters 10 min after angioplasty before drug administration (baseline) and 20 min after drug administration. Left ventricular function was assessed by the pressure-volume loop, and regional function analysis by the Slager method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of hypokinetic segments decreased with levosimendan, from 8.9 +/- 0.9 to 6.5 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- SEM), as compared with an increase from 7.8 +/- 1.0 to 8.5 +/- 1.1 with placebo (p = 0.016). A leftward and/or upward shift of the systolic part of the pressure-volume loop, indicating improved systolic function, was observed in eight of 16 of the levosimendan-treated and one of eight of the placebo patients (p = 0.178). In addition, the single-beat elastance was increased by levosimendan (p = 0.045). The pressure-volume area (p = 0.001), end-systolic pressure (p = 0.002), and volume index (p < 0.001) were decreased by levosimendan, but there was no change in the end-systolic pressure-volume ratio. End-diastolic pressure remained unchanged, whereas the end-diastolic volume index was decreased by levosimendan (p = 0.002). The time constant of isovolumic LV pressure fall decreased with levosimendan (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levosimendan improved the function of stunned myocardium without obvious impairment of diastolic function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, UKB Berlin, Academic Teaching Hospital, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany. steffen.sonntag@snafu.de
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonntag
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: Lasse Antero
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lehtonen
authors.forename: Franz Xaver
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Kleber
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002306:Cardiac Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077464:Simendan; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects; D017725:Ventricular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077464:Simendan