title: A novel movement disorder of the lower lip.
abstract: Four patients, aged 25 to 42 years presented with acute onset of a movement disorder characterized by a tonic, sustained, lateral and outward protrusion of one half of the lower lip. The movement disorder was present at rest, while in some patients, it was also present during speech. In all cases, the abnormal lip posture could be suppressed voluntarily. Neurological examination was otherwise normal. Extensive laboratory investigation failed to reveal any causative factors for secondary focal dystonia. Treatment with oral medications and botulinum toxin was mostly ineffective. Spontaneous remissions were frequent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.
authors.forename: Kleopas A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kleopa
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kyriakides
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008046:Lip / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D002998:Clonazepam; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A