Influence of coinfecting pathogens on HIV expression: evidence for a role of Toll-like receptors.
Immune activation of HIV gene expression as a consequence of the host response to coinfecting pathogens has been implicated as an important factor in AIDS progression. Immune responsiveness to many of the infectious agents associated with HIV has been demonstrated to depend on a family of innate recognition molecules, known as Toll-like receptors (TLR). Therefore, TLR-pathogen interactions could play an indirect role in regulating HIV-associated disease. In this review, we summarize emerging evidence for the influence of TLR recognition on HIV gene activation and AIDS progression.
Báfica
André
A
Immunobiology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, Rm. 6146, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. abafica@niaid.nih.gov
Scanga
Charles A
CA
Schito
Marco
M
Chaussabel
Damien
D
Sher
Alan
A
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D006678:HIV / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000502:physiology*
D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D037521:Virulence Factors