title: Gangliosides on intestinal microcirculation and animal survival during reperfusion.
abstract: This study investigated the effect of gangliosides (Gang) on small bowel microcirculation and animal survival after normothermic intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Five adult male EPM-1 Wistar rats in each of three groups received FK506 (0.2 mg/kg), Gang (3 mg/kg), or vehicle (at same volume) either 24 or 12 hours prior to the experiment. The animals were anesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine (60 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) and hydrated with 80 mL/kg of prewarmed saline solution delivered subcutaneously before the ischemic insult and 40 mL/kg at 1 hour after reperfusion. Under anesthesia, they underwent a laparotomy with clamping of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) at its origin for 75 minutes. Microcirculation was evaluated with a laser Doppler flowmeter, 5 minutes before ischemia (baseline) and reperfusion (ischemia), and 20, 40, and 60 minutes after reperfusion. Animal survival was observed up to 24 hours. Small bowel flow measured before ischemia was considered to be the baseline level (100%). After SMA occlusion a significant reduction in microcirculatory tissue perfusion to about 8% was observed in all groups. At 20, 40, and 60 minutes of reperfusion treatment with Gang (77%, 81%, and 100%) or FK506 (70%, 85%, and 98%) promoted better recovery of the intestinal microcirculation when compared to the control group (45%, 72%, and 75%). Concerning animal survival there was no difference between groups (just one animal from each group, Gang and FK506, survived up to 24 hours). Based on our data we conclude that Gang and FK506 improve intestinal microcirculation in ischemia-reperfusion injury but do not change animal survival after severe ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Surgical Technique and Experimental Surgery Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E F S
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Montero
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: von Kossel
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: M C B
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lauz
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fagundes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005732:Gangliosides; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus