title: Craniofacial morphology in children with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate: does infantile size of the premaxilla predetermine outcome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the possible association between the size of the premaxilla in infants and craniofacial morphology in children with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (CBCLP) and identify the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in children with CBCLP with median facial dysplasia (MFD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital craniofacial center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients with nonsyndromic CBCLP, 24 boys and 10 girls, had large premaxilla (LP group). Thirty-six patients with nonsyndromic CBCLP, 16 boys and 20 girls, had small premaxilla (SP group). Thirteen CBCLP patients with MFD, five boys and eight girls (MFD group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Infant maxillary dental cast at the age of 1 year was used to measure the size of the premaxilla. Cephalometric analysis was used to determine craniofacial morphology in children at the age of 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The size of the premaxilla in infants with CBCLP varied greatly. The LP group tended to have a longer maxilla and a more protruded maxilla, producing a better interjaw relation. The opposite phenomena were observed in the MFD group; the SP group yielded results between those of the LP and the MFD groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The size of the premaxilla in infants with CBCLP can be used to predetermine subsequent craniofacial morphology at the age of 5 years. Children with nonsyndromic CBCLP had craniofacial characteristics that differed significantly from those of children with CBCLP with median facial dysplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, Craniofacial Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. yfliao0125@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Yu-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Chiung-Shing
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ya-Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: M Samuel
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Noordhoff
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000473:pathology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000473:pathology*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies