title: Low-energy direct defibrillation of the human heart following cardioplegic arrest.
abstract: In this study of direct defibrillation, 130 patients underwent coronary artery bypass procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass, moderate systemic hypothermia, and cardioplegic arrest. No patient required more than 10 watt-seconds of energy for defibrillation, and in 90.91% of those who required defibrillation, 5 watt-seconds or less was sufficient.
authors.affiliation: Medical Center Del Oro Hospital, Houston, Texas 77054, USA.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Farrell