title: Anti-angiogenic effects of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 on human pancreatic cancer xenografts.
abstract: Somatostatin receptor subtypes, especially subtype 2 (SSTR2), exert their antitumor (cytostatic and/or cytotoxic) and anti-angiogenic effects. Here we aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of SSTR2 gene transfer into pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3, and the mechanisms involved in this effect. The full-length human SSTR2 complementary DNA was introduced into pancreatic cancer cell line PC-3 by lipofectamine-mediated transfection, and stable expression of SSTR2 was detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Athymic mice were separately xenografted with SSTR2-expressing cells (experimental group), vector control and mock control cells. Intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to determine the expression of angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in xenograft tumors. MVD was significantly lower in the experimental group (5.16 +/- 1.34) than that in the vector control (16.52 +/- 2.25) and mock control (15.32 +/- 2.53) (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical assay showed a significant decrease in the expression of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 protein in the experimental group compared with the vector control and mock control, considering both the integral optical density and area of staining (P < 0.05). RT-PCR showed a significant reduction of VEGF, bFGF and MMP-2 mRNA expression in the experimental group compared with the vector control and mock control (P < 0.05). Thus, introduction of the SSTR2 gene, the expression of which is frequently lost in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, exerts its anti-angiogenic effects by down-regulating the expression of the factors, which are involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, suggesting SSTR2 gene transfer as a promising strategy of gene therapy for pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Zheng-Ren
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Laxmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thapa
authors.forename: Ren-Yi
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Qin
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C093733:somatostatin receptor 2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2