title: Microalbumiuria and associated risk factors in type II diabetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of microalbuminuria (MA) and its associated medical risk factors in type II diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted during Ist half of 2003 at Combined Military Hospital, Lahore. Non-probability purposive sampling was employed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study population included 150 type II diabetic patients (70 women, 80 men) attending outpatient department of the hospital. Patients having clinical albuminuria and with other causes of proteinuria were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women and men were of comparable ages. Women (26.4 kg/m2) had higher body mass index (BMI) than men (24.3 kg/m2). The frequency of MA was 46.7%, higher in males (50.6%) than females (41.5%). Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in patients with MA compared to those with normoalbuminuria (p <0.001). The microalbuminuric patients had significantly decreased HDL-c levels compared to normoalbuminuric subjects (p < 0.001). However, no relation of MA with age, gender, known duration of diabetes, BMI, history of smoking, hypertension and serum: total cholesterol, LDL - c, triglyceride, urea and creatinine was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong association of poor glycaemic control and decreased HDL-c levels with the presence of microalbuminuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Combined Military Hospital, Lahore.
authors.forename: Rizwan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hashim
authors.lastname: Khalil-ur-Rehman
authors.forename: Tahir Aziz
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Sajid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mushtaq
authors.forename: Lubna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zafar
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Attique
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL