title: Epidural oxycodone or morphine following gynaecological surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The analgesic action of oxycodone is of rapid onset, in contrast to morphine, and is mediated by kappa-opioid receptors of the spinal cord. We compared analgesia and side-effects of epidural oxycodone with those of morphine after gynaecological surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied prospectively in 75 women in a double-blind, randomized manner: epidural morphine 6 mg day(-1) (n=25), epidural oxycodone 6 mg day(-1) (n=25) and epidural oxycodone 12 mg day(-1) (n=25). All patients underwent gynaecological surgery under general (isoflurane and nitrous oxide) and epidural anaesthesia. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores at rest and on coughing, verbal descriptive scale (VDS) satisfaction scores, sedation scores, pruritus scores and nausea/vomiting scores were recorded for 3 days after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VAS pain scores at rest in patients who received oxycodone 6 mg day(-1) were higher than in patients who received morphine 6 mg day(-1) at 6 h and on the first postoperative day and were significantly higher than in patients who received oxycodone 12 mg day(-1) on the first postoperative day. Scores for nausea, vomiting and pruritus in patients who received oxycodone 6 mg day(-1) and 12 mg day(-1) were lower than those in patients who received morphine. No significant differences were seen in VAS at cough and VDS satisfaction scores between the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidural oxycodone was as effective as morphine at the doses investigated, with fewer side-effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yanagidate
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dohi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010098:Oxycodone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011537:Pruritus / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine; D010098:Oxycodone