title: Akt/protein kinase B signaling inhibitor-2, a selective small molecule inhibitor of Akt signaling with antitumor activity in cancer cells overexpressing Akt.
abstract: Accumulated studies have shown that activation of the Akt pathway plays a pivotal role in malignant transformation and chemoresistance by inducing cell survival, growth, migration, and angiogenesis. Therefore, Akt is believed to be a critical target for cancer intervention. Here, we report the discovery of a small molecule Akt pathway inhibitor, Akt/protein kinase B signaling inhibitor-2 (API-2), by screening the National Cancer Institute Diversity Set. API-2 suppressed the kinase activity and phosphorylation level of Akt. The inhibition of Akt kinase resulted in suppression of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human cancer cells that harbor constitutively activated Akt due to overexpression of Akt or other genetic alterations such as PTEN mutation. API-2 is highly selective for Akt and does not inhibit the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, protein kinase C, serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase, protein kinase A, signal transducer and activators of transcription 3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, or c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. Furthermore, API-2 potently inhibited tumor growth in nude mice of human cancer cells in which Akt is aberrantly expressed/activated but not of those cancer cells in which it is not. These findings provide strong evidence for pharmacologically targeting Akt for anticancer drug discovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Oncology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Han C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Dan
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Qiyuan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xia-meng
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polokoff
authors.forename: Santo V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Nicosia
authors.forename: Meenhard
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herlyn
authors.forename: Said M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sebti
authors.forename: Jin Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases
chemical_list: D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009705:Nucleosides; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011724:Pyridazines; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000099184:Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases; C488733:API-2 nucleoside; C494918:AKT1 protein, human