title: The '3Rs' model and the concept of alternatives in animal research: a questionnaire survey.
abstract: It has been 45 years since Russell and Burch first proposed the concept of the '3Rs', yet it remains unclear how those individuals involved in animal research view and implement these concepts. The authors used a questionnaire survey to determine how well-known experts judged issues related to the 3Rs.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Studi Filosofici e Epistemologici, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pollo
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: Vernon
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gayle
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zucco
mesh_terms: D032761:Animal Experimentation / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards*; D023401:Animal Use Alternatives / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D000818:Animals; D005062:European Union; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires