title: Alcohol use by healthcare professionals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated alcohol use, misuse and abuse in a sample of dentists, nurses, pharmacists and physicians. Previous studies have lacked cross healthcare group comparisons and have rarely included dentists.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of a larger mail survey, 479 healthcare professionals (68.7% response) completed self-report items on patterns of alcohol use, monthly drinking, heavy episodic drinking, alcohol-related dysfunction and social or professional influences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dentists consumed more alcohol than other groups of healthcare professionals; however, use of alcohol by nurses may have a wider impact. The data also suggest alcohol use by healthcare professionals may be related to age, but not gender or income. Physicians received significantly more offers to drink alcohol from pharmaceutical companies and dentists received significantly more offers to drink alcohol in social situations than other healthcare professionals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When compared to the general population, healthcare professionals appear to drink less, however, these findings also suggest that dentists use significantly more alcohol than most other groups of healthcare professionals. Together these findings address significant knowledge gaps that exist surrounding the prevalence of and pathways promoting alcohol use and misuse by healthcare professionals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Butler Hospital, Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912, USA. george_kenna@brown.edu
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kenna
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003625:Data Collection / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged