title: Oral Kohki Tea and its protective effect against in vitro ischemic damage to the bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Results of several studies indicate that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is an etiological factor in the contractile dysfunctions induced by partial bladder outlet obstruction in animal models. In support of this hypothesis, pretreatment of rabbits with Kohki Tea (Engelhardtia chrysolepis), a Japanese herbal drink very high in antioxidant activity, significantly reduced the contractile dysfunctions induced by partial outlet obstruction. The current study was designed to determine if pretreating rabbits with Kohki Tea could protect the bladder against the contractile damage induced by in vitro ischemia followed by re-oxygenation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight New Zealand White rabbits were separated into two groups of 24; Group 1 was pretreated by oral gavage for 3 weeks with Kohki Tea and Group 2 received vehicle (water). Each rabbit was anesthetized with pentobarbital. The urinary bladder was rapidly removed and eight longitudinal muscle strips were cut from the bladder body. Each strip was mounted in a separate 15-ml bath containing Tyrode's solution with glucose (1 mg/ml) and maintained at 37 degrees C. All strips were equilibrated for 30 min with a gas mixture of 95% O2 and 5% CO2. At the end of this period of time, all strips were stimulated with field stimulation (FS) carbachol and KCl. After the last wash, the aeration was changed to hypoxic mixture (nitrogen-CO2) without glucose. At the end of 2 hr, the aeration was changed back to the normal 95% O2 and 5% CO2, and glucose was added to the buffer. After 1 hr of re-oxygenation, a second set of stimulations was performed. In order to represent hyperreflexia, the strips were stimulated at 32-Hz FS at 5-min intervals during the hypoxic period in half of the in vitro experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that Kohki Tea pretreatment protected the bladder's response to FS from the detrimental effects of repetitive stimulation and the detrimental effects of both in vitro ischemia and repetitive stimulation on the contractile responses to carbachol and KCl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data are consistent with the concept that Kohki Tea acts by protecting the bladder from cellular damage caused by hypoxia and the generation of free radicals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Basic and Pharmaceutical Science, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, New York 12208, USA. levinr@acp.edu
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Leggett
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitbeck
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kambara
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aikawa
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000503:physiopathology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D013662:Tea; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D013662:Tea; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D002217:Carbachol