title: B-RAF is a therapeutic target in melanoma.
abstract: B-RAF is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is mutated in approximately 70% of human melanomas. However, the role of this signalling molecule in cancer is unclear. Here, we show that ERK is constitutively activated in melanoma cells expressing oncogenic B-RAF and that this activity is required for proliferation. B-RAF depletion by siRNA blocks ERK activity, whereas A-RAF and C-RAF depletion do not affect ERK signalling. B-RAF depletion inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis in three melanoma cell lines and we show that the RAF inhibitor BAY43-9006 also blocks ERK activity, inhibits DNA synthesis and induces cell death in these cells. BAY43-9006 targets B-RAF signalling in vivo and induces a substantial growth delay in melanoma tumour xenografts. Our data demonstrate that oncogenic B-RAF activates ERK signalling, induces proliferation and protects cells from apoptosis, demonstrating that it is an important therapeutic target and thus provides novel strategies for clinical management of melanoma and other cancers.
authors.affiliation: Signal Transduction Team, The Cancer Research UK Centre for Cell and Molecular Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karasarides
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiloeches
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niculescu-Duvaz
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scanlon
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Friedlos
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ogilvie
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hedley
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Caroline J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marais
mesh_terms: D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077157:Sorafenib
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D019908:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf