title: Adjustable sutures in children using a modified technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adjustable-suture techniques are commonly used to decrease the reoperation rate in adults undergoing strabismus surgery, but they are infrequently used in children because of the difficulty of performing adjustments on a conscious child. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a new technique for using adjustable sutures in children, which makes the second stage of the procedure unnecessary if no adjustment is needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of children who underwent surgery for exotropia or esotropia. The technique used was a variation of the standard fornix-based adjustable suture with a separate slipknot. The pole sutures were buried within the sclera and tied; then the incision of the conjunctiva was closed to cover the adjustable sutures. The patients were then measured 4 to 6 hours after the initial surgery. The decision of whether to adjust was based on predetermined criteria. Those children not adjusted were discharged with no further manipulation needed because the conjunctiva was already closed. For those children who were adjusted, the adjustment was made with the patient under intravenous propofol sedation or laryngeal mask anesthesia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 61 consecutive children ages 12 months to 14 years underwent surgery using this technique. Patients were followed-up after surgery for a minimum of 6 weeks (median 19.4). Fifty-four of the 61 patients (88%) were within 10 prism diopters (PD) of orthophoria on their final postoperative visit. Of the 22 patients who underwent an adjustment, 20 (91%) were within 10 PD of orthophoria at their final postoperative visit. The median follow-up was 19.4 weeks (range 6 to 45.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new adjustable-suture technique was associated with excellent short-term eye alignment. It is particularly suited for pediatric surgery because it eliminates the necessity of further manipulation of children who do not require adjustment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: J Mark
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Sepideh Tara
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Rousta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013537:Sutures; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D014792:Visual Acuity