title: Midazolam/ketamine induction and isoflurane maintenance of anaesthesia in a 2-month-old, hand-raised African buffalo (Syncerus caffer).
abstract: The use of a midazolam/ketamine combination for induction of anaesthesia in a 2-month-old, hand-raised buffalo calf (Syncerus caffer) is described to allow endotracheal intubation for the maintenance of anaesthesia with isoflurane and oxygen. Intraoperative complications were hypotension and hypothermia. For postoperative analgesia meloxicam and butorphanol was administered intramuscularly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa. fstegman@op.up.ac.za
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Stegmann
mesh_terms: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000502:physiology*; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000662:veterinary; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007649:Ketamine; D007530:Isoflurane; D008874:Midazolam