title: Sequential phases of cortical specification involve Neurogenin-dependent and -independent pathways.
abstract: Neocortical projection neurons, which segregate into six cortical layers according to their birthdate, have diverse morphologies, axonal projections and molecular profiles, yet they share a common cortical regional identity and glutamatergic neurotransmission phenotype. Here we demonstrate that distinct genetic programs operate at different stages of corticogenesis to specify the properties shared by all neocortical neurons. Ngn1 and Ngn2 are required to specify the cortical (regional), glutamatergic (neurotransmitter) and laminar (temporal) characters of early-born (lower-layer) neurons, while simultaneously repressing an alternative subcortical, GABAergic neuronal phenotype. Subsequently, later-born (upper-layer) cortical neurons are specified in an Ngn-independent manner, requiring instead the synergistic activities of Pax6 and Tlx, which also control a binary choice between cortical/glutamatergic and subcortical/GABAergic fates. Our study thus reveals an unanticipated heterogeneity in the genetic mechanisms specifying the identity of neocortical projection neurons.
authors.affiliation: IGBMC, Illkirch, CU de Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schuurmans
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Armant
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nieto
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Stenman
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Britz
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klenin
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Lisa-Marie
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Langevin
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seibt
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dyck
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Kenny
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Polleux
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillemot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation; D019579:Neocortex / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C102938:Neurog2 protein, mouse; C490258:Nr2e1 protein, mouse; C000605732:Pax6 protein, mouse; C486336:Neurog1 protein, mouse