Toxins in anti-nociception and anti-inflammation.
The use of toxins as novel molecular probes to study the structure-function relationship of ion-channels and receptors as well as potential therapeutics in the treatment of wide variety of diseases is well documented. The high specificity and selectivity of these toxins have attracted a great deal of interest as candidates for drug development. This review highlights the involvement of the proteins and peptide toxins as well as non-proteinaceous compounds derived from both venomous and non-venomous animals, in anti-nociception and anti-inflammation. The possible mechanisms of these potential therapeutic agents and possible clinical applications in the treatment of pain and inflammation are also summarized.
Rajendra
Wudayagiri
W
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8, Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117597.
Armugam
Arunmozhiarasi
A
Jeyaseelan
Kandiah
K
D000664:Amphibian Venoms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000700:Analgesics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000737:chemistry; D020916:Conotoxins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015336:Molecular Probe Techniques; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry; D012604:Scorpion Venoms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000664:Amphibian Venoms; D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D020916:Conotoxins; D011725:Pyridines; D012604:Scorpion Venoms; D012910:Snake Venoms; D013111:Spider Venoms; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D010741:Phospholipases A; C082748:epibatidine