title: Blood alcohol is the best indicator of hazardous alcohol drinking in young adults and working-age patients with trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the most effective marker of hazardous alcohol drinking in trauma patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 349 trauma patients aged 16-49 years admitted into a general hospital trauma centre. Information on the amount and pattern of alcohol drinking was obtained by interview. Blood or breath alcohol concentration (BAC), serum gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of erythrocytes were measured as markers of alcohol consumption.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this series, 8% of all trauma patients were found to be dependent drinkers, while 61% were frequent binge drinkers, 17% infrequent binge drinkers, 8% light-to-moderate drinkers and 6% nondrinkers. On admission, the BAC test was positive in 68% of the hazardous drinkers (i.e. dependent drinkers or frequent binge drinkers). Using a cut-off level of >0 mg/dl, the sensitivity and specificity of the BAC test for identifying hazardous drinking were 68% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 61-73%) and 94% (95% CI, 87-97%), respectively, and the positive predictive value was 96% (95% CI, 92-98%). GGT, MCV, CDT and AST were less accurate indicators of hazardous drinking. BAC was the least expensive marker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two-thirds of trauma patients were hazardous drinkers, and blood alcohol on admission was an accurate indicator of this. BAC should be systematically used in trauma centres if patients are to be selected for an alcohol intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Box 25, FIN-90029, Finland. osavola@paju.oulu.fi
authors.forename: Olli
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Savola
authors.forename: Onni
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hillbom
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000431:Ethanol