title: Distinct maturation of, but not migration between, human monocyte-derived dendritic cells upon ingestion of apoptotic cells of early or late phases.
abstract: Cell death via apoptosis is a normal physiological process. Rapid, but silent, removal of apoptotic cells (ACs) plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in the immune system. Defective clearance of ACs allows ACs to accumulate and undergo late phase apoptosis, also known as secondary necrosis, which may generate danger signals, leading to inflammation or autoimmunity. In this study we investigate the outcome of dendritic cells (DCs), which are potent APCs, on the interaction with ACs of early or late phase. Immature DCs internalized ACs of both early and late phases with similar efficiency. However, DCs that had taken up ACs of early phase acquired a non-fully mature DC phenotype, expressing low MHC class II complex, costimulatory molecule CD40, and mature DC-restricted marker CD83, and had a low capacity to stimulate allogeneic CD4+ T cell proliferation, whereas DCs that had taken up ACs of late phase acquired a mature DC phenotype with enhanced T cell stimulatory capacity. Ingestion of either early or late ACs induced minimal production of IL-12 and modulated CC chemokine and CCR expression in DCs. In particular, there was down-regulation of CCR5 and up-regulation of CCR7, resulting in switches in responsiveness from inflammatory to lymphoid chemokines. We conclude from these data that after taking up ACs of either early or late phases, DCs acquire the capability of homing to draining lymph nodes, and the distinct maturation between DCs taking up early or late ACs may contribute to DC function in the induction of T cell tolerance or Ag-specific T cell response, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Wai-Kee
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Ip
authors.forename: Yu-Lung
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D017209:Apoptosis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002465:Cell Movement; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000097802:CD83 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D018925:Chemokines; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D018664:Interleukin-12; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000097802:CD83 Antigen