title: [The para-esophageal hernia: a rare hiatal hernia requiring a specific approach].
abstract: In three patients, a woman aged 87 years who presented with signs indicating a myocardial infarction, a man aged 31 suffering from postprandial epigastric pain that suddenly worsened, and a woman aged 60 years with longstanding postprandial pain and recent fatigue due to anaemia, a para-oesophageal hernia was diagnosed. Para-oesophageal herniation is an uncommon disorder accounting for approximately 5% of all hernias at the oesophageal hiatus. They are distinguished from the more common sliding hiatal hernia by a relative preservation of the intra-abdominal fixation of the gastro-oesophageal junction. These patients show that the clinical presentation of para-oesophageal rolling hernias is different from that of sliding hernias. Pathological reflux may occur; though symptoms associated with a relative obstruction of the stomach within the hernia sac, such as dysphagia, are more common. Rare non-specific symptoms such as anaemia and loss of weight are also seen. Adequate therapy differs from that of a sliding hernia and should be individualized: surgical correction is indicated in a healthy patient with a symptomatic para-oesophageal hernia, such as in the last patient. However, when the hernia is incidentally diagnosed or when comorbidity is present, such as in the first patient, a wait-and-see policy is recommended. Only in case of a threatening incarceration, such as in the second patient, is an emergency operation indicated.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Medisch Centrum, afd. Chirurgie, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam. m.j.baas@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wijsman
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Lanschot
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis; D015431:Weight Loss