title: Therapeutic angiogenesis using vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: Therapeutic angiogenesis using vascular endothelial growth factor can reduce tissue ischemia by simulating the natural process of angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor not only stimulates endothelial cells to proliferate and migrate, but also mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells and achieves vascular protection. Besides direct administration of angiogenic proteins, plasmids and viral vectors carrying angiogenic genes have been used. Animal experiments have shown promise with evidence of neovascularization and improved perfusion in the target myocardium. Initial phase I and II clinical trials results are encouraging and reflect the potential success of therapeutic angiogenesis as a clinical modality for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. This review discusses the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in therapeutic angiogenesis, along with the problems and considerations of this approach as a treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Husnain K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: Shu-Jia
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Eugene K W
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Sim
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000628:therapy*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor