title: The loss of calretinin expression indicates aganglionosis in Hirschsprung's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a congenital disorder characterised by the absence of ganglion cells in the large bowel, leading to functional obstruction and colonic dilatation proximal to the affected segment. A subclass of nerve cell bodies in both submucosa and myenteric ganglia of the human gastrointestinal tract were found to show immunopositivity for calretinin, a calcium binding protein, which plays an important role in the organisation and functioning of the central nervous system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate calretinin immunostaining in ganglionic and aganglionic HD colon specimens, and compare it with staining for S100, neurone specific enolase, and c-kit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten large bowel, full thickness specimens from patients with classic rectosigmoid HD were selected from the pathology repository. In total, 54 paraffin wax blocks-24 from the ganglionic zone, 17 from the aganglionic zone, and 13 from the transitional zone-were processed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calretinin was not expressed in aganglionic segments of HD and associated nerve fibres, whereas in ganglionic HD segments and in normal colon both ganglion cells and nerve fibres were immunopositive. In addition, c-kit showed an altered distribution in the interstitial cells of Cajal. The transitional zone showed a broad spectrum of histomorphological and immunohistochemical patterns of both calretinin and c-kit expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of calretinin expression may serve as a diagnostic aid in identifying aganglionic segments in HD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Affiliated to the Tel-Aviv University, Sackler School of Medicine, Israel. barshack@shelba.health.gov.il
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barshack
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fridman
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chowers
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopolovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D064032:Calbindin 2; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003106:Colon / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005724:Ganglia / Q000378:metabolism; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000032:analysis; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000378:metabolism*; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C576764:CALB2 protein, human; D064032:Calbindin 2; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D009418:S100 Proteins; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase