title: [Cross-cultural adaptation of the Spanish version of the Child Health and Illness Profile, Child Edition (CHIP-CE)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain a Spanish version of the CHIP-CE semantically and culturally equivalent to the original version.
  
  
  METHODS
  The methodology used was based on the forward-backward method. Two translations into Spanish were performed. After the first reconciled version, 44 cognitive interviews were carried out with children aged 6-11 years old, selected from two schools in Barcelona. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. A qualitative content analysis of the textual data was carried out. A panel of experts developed the second reconciled version taking into account the children's comments. A back-translation into English was carried out and was compared with the original version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 45 items induced in the first reconciled version, 21 were considered equivalent, 23 required changes and 1 was considered not equivalent. Comprehension of abstract concepts differed according to age. Older children differentiated among concepts and gave different examples of experiences related to these concepts, while younger children (6 to 7-year olds) provided similar examples for different concepts. The children's comments were used in the reformulation of the items. An illustrative figure reinforced understanding. Children aged 7 or more started to use an adequate recall period and used the response options correctly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Spanish version of the CHIP-CE seems appropriate for children aged 6-11 in Spain. The present study shows that children from the age of 6 years onwards are able to describe the health concepts included in the CHIP-CE.
authors.affiliation: Agència d'Avaluació de Tecnologia i Recerca Mèdiques (AATRM), Parc Sanitari Pere Virgili, Esteve Terradas 30, Edifici Mestral, 1a planta, 08023 Barcelona, Spain. lrajmil@aatrm.catsalut.net
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rajmil
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Serra-Sutton
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Estrada
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fernandez De Sanmamed
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Guillamón
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alonso
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires