title: Improving topical microbicide applicators for use in resource-poor settings.
abstract: With more than 60 potential microbicides being assessed in preclinical or clinical trials, most attention has been centered on products intended for topical application, with much less research conducted on the applicators that will be used to deliver the microbicides. However, applicator design relates to safety, efficacy, and acceptability. As the foundation for a more systematic approach to evaluating and possibly improving designs for topical microbicide applicators, we conducted a literature review and a series of interviews with microbicide developers, trial investigators, and trial sponsors. Our findings indicate that issues concerning applicator safety, reuse, and cost warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Program for Appropriate Technology in Health, Seattle, WA 98107, USA.
authors.forename: Janet G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Vail
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Kimberly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004867:Equipment Design; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012449:Safety; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D014622:Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies