title: A clinical trial of the effectiveness of regularly scheduled versus as-needed administration of acetaminophen in the management of discomfort in older adults with dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine in a sample of nursing home patients with dementia and a painful condition whether the regularly scheduled administration of acetaminophen (650 mg four times a day (qid)) was more or less effective than as-needed (prn) administration of acetaminophen in reducing discomfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, crossover study. One arm consisted of 650 mg of acetaminophen administered qid with placebo prn; the other arm consisted of placebo administered qid with acetaminophen prn.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two community and one Veterans Affairs nursing homes in the San Francisco Bay area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine nursing home patients with a mean+/-standard deviation Mini-Mental State Examination score of 4.3+/-5, a mean Global Deterioration Scale score of 5.7+/-0.4, and a mean Discomfort Scale score of 10.7+/-6.8. Approximately 84% had degenerative joint disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean Discomfort Scale scores of 7.4+/-3.7 during the prn arm and 7.2+/-2.1 during the qid arm (t=0.249, nonsignificant) were within the range previously shown to indicate substantial discomfort. No significant differences in discomfort scores were found between the trial arms after controlling for baseline discomfort and prn use of acetaminophen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this trial was negative in terms of the analgesic effects of acetaminophen, the findings have important implications for clinical practice. Prn administration of acetaminophen is sometimes the standard of care for pain management in nursing homes or is offered as an intervention to assess effectiveness. Findings from this study suggest that a 2,600-mg/d dose of acetaminophen is inadequate for elderly nursing home patients with degenerative joint disease, fractures, or back pain who have significant discomfort.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA. Martha.Buffum@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Martha D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Buffum
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miaskowski
authors.forename: Meryl
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brod
authors.forename: Allyson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Washburn
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012495:San Francisco; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000082:Acetaminophen