title: Short-term aerobic exercise improves arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether: (1) aerobic exercise decreases arterial stiffness and (2) reduction in arterial stiffness is associated with improvement in insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Common carotid and femoral arterial stiffness was ultrasonographically evaluated using stiffness index beta in 23 type 2 diabetic subjects before and after a 3-week exercise protocol including ergometer and walking. Insulin sensitivity (Clamp-IR) was assessed using euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp before and after the protocol. Arterial stiffness was also examined in steady hyperinsulinemic state during clamp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anthropometrical factors did not change following exercise. Clamp-IR tended to increase after exercise protocol (P = 0.061). Stiffness index beta decreased following exercise in both common carotid and femoral arteries (P = 0.020 and P < 0.001, respectively). DeltaClamp-IR was significantly correlated with the changes in stiffness index beta of both common carotid (P = 0.040) and femoral artery (P = 0.016). Divided into tertiles according to DeltaClamp-IR, decreases in stiffness index beta for both common carotid (P = 0.009) and femoral (P = 0.037) arteries was greater in tertile group with a higher DeltaClamp-IR. Hyperinsulinemia during clamp decreased stiffness index beta in both common carotid (P = 0.031) and femoral (P = 0.025) arteries before exercise, but these effects disappeared after the exercise protocol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term aerobic exercise significantly decreased arterial stiffness in both common carotid and femoral arteries, and the reduction of stiffness was associated with improvement of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. fwkx6809@mb.infoweb.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hisayo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emoto
authors.forename: Shigehiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Koka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motoyama
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000502:physiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids