title: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) protein protects against caspase activation and tissue loss after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.
abstract: Nine-day-old transgenic XIAP overexpressing (TG-XIAP) and wild-type mice were subjected to left carotid artery ligation and 10% O(2) for 60 min, leading to widespread infarctions in the ipsilateral hemisphere during reperfusion. The activation of caspase-3 and -9 seen in wild-type animals was virtually abolished in TG-XIAP mice. Tissue loss was significantly reduced from 54.4 +/- 4.1 mm(3) (mean +/- SEM) in wild-type mice to 33.1 +/- 2.1 mm(3) in the TG-XIAP mice. Injured neurons displayed stronger XIAP staining during reperfusion, particularly in the nuclei. XIAP was colocalized with XAF-1, Smac, and HtrA2 in injured neurons after hypoxia-ischemia (HI). XIAP was cleaved after HI, and Smac immunoprecipitation co-precipitated a 25-kDa C-terminal fragment of XIAP, indicating that Smac preferentially bound to cleaved XIAP. These findings provide the first evidence that increased XIAP levels protect the neonatal brain against HI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Neurobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 751 23, Sweden.
authors.forename: Xiaoyang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Changlian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagberg
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: Klas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blomgren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human; D020169:Caspases