title: Reduced collateral circulation to the infarct-related artery in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that circulation via collateral vessels to an infarct-related artery (IRA) is impaired with aging in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Animal experiments have shown that advanced age blunts the development of new vessels in response to angiogenic cytokines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 3,573 consecutive patients with AMI, 1,934 patients who fulfilled the following criteria were enrolled in this study: 1) coronary angiograms were obtained within 72 h after the onset of AMI; and 2) IRA showed complete occlusion (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] flow grade 0 or 1). Collaterals to the IRA were angiographically evaluated using the Rentrop score. Rentrop scores 1 to 3 were defined as demonstrating significant collaterals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of collaterals decreased with age, from 47.9%, 45.8%, 43.4%, to 34.0% in patients <50 years, 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, > or =70 years, respectively (p < 0.001). Advanced age was an independent factor predicting the absence of collateral circulation to the IRA. In contrast, time to catheterization, history of angina pectoris, and preinfarction angina were independent predictors for the presence of collaterals. Multivariate analysis showed that the absence of collaterals was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in elderly patients > or =70 years (odds ratio, 15.6; 95% confidence interval, 3.5 to 69.6), although this finding was not significant in patients <70 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced age is associated with decreased angiographic presence of collaterals to the IRA in patients with AMI. This abnormality may contribute to the poor prognosis of elderly patients with AMI.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, Osaka Minami National Hospital, Kawachinagano, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurotobi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinjo
authors.forename: Daisaku
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Katsuji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome