title: Ductular cell proliferation in islet cell neogenesis induced by incomplete ligation of the pancreatic duct in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that islet neogenesis can be induced by incomplete ligation of the pancreatic duct in small animals; however, there has been no report of neogenesis and the proliferation of islets occurring in larger animals. When this procedure was performed in the Vervet monkey, it produced a noticeable increase in duct proliferation, but islet neogenesis was not observed, although the number of monkeys examined was very small. We conducted this study to evaluate whether islet neogenesis and ductular proliferation could be induced in larger animals such as the dog, by partial obstruction of the pancreatic duct.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incomplete ligation of the pancreatic duct was induced by tying the pancreas around the ventral side of the head with 2-0 silk and reducing the circumference by about 80% to cause partial obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By 2 weeks after ligation, we saw hyperplasia of the epithelial cells, multilayering of cuboidal cells, and proliferation of ductular cells. The terminal ductules involved in the formation of immunohistochemically insulin-positive islets, and islets, formed adjacent to the alignment of the ductular cells. By 8 weeks after ligation we saw scattered islets, less than 50 micro m in diameter and less than 1 000 microm(2) in area. These cells were immunolabeled for both insulin and cytokeratin, and there was continuity between these insulin-positive cells and terminal ductular cells. Glucagon-positive cells and somatostatin-positive cells were also found adjacent to the alignment of ductular cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that islets may be differentiated from precursor cells in the pancreatic duct, and that stem cells exist even in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, St. Marianna University, School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagaya
authors.forename: Sunao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isogai
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tadokoro
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004285:Dogs; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology*; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*