title: Host-dependent Anopheles flavirostris larval distribution reinforces the risk of malaria near water.
abstract: Malaria control strategies are more likely to be successful if groups at high risk can be accurately predicted. Given that mosquitoes have an obligate aquatic phase we were interested in determining how vector larval abundance relates to the spatial distribution of human malaria infection. We examined the relationship between malaria parasite prevalence and distance from vector larval habitat, and vector larval abundance and distance from human habitation, in separate studies in rural, low-endemic areas of the Philippines. Parasite prevalence among symptomatic patients was significantly higher among those living in proximity (< or = 50 m) to potential larval habitats of the major vector, Anopheles flavirostris (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.64, P = 0.02 and AOR = 3.43, P = 0.04). A larval survey of A. flavirostris revealed a higher density of early and late instars near human habitation (adjusted P < 0.05). The results suggest that larvae are associated with human habitation, thereby reinforcing malaria risk in people living close to larval habitats. This has implications for understanding the interaction between vectors, hosts, and parasites, and the potential for success of localized malaria control measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Queensland, 4072 Brisbane, Australia. d.foley@uq.edu.au
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology*; D005260:Female; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000469:parasitology*; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology*; D007814:Larva; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D008297:Male; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012423:Rural Health