Protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cell physiology.
The molecular mechanisms of signal transduction have been the focus of intense research during the last decade. In T cells, much of the work has centered on protein tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling from the TCR and cytokine receptors, while the study of protein tyrosine phosphatases has lagged behind. Nevertheless, it has now become clear that many protein tyrosine phosphatases play equally important roles in T cell physiology and that no kinase-regulated system would work without the counterbalancing participation of phosphatases. In fact, we have learned that many processes are regulated primarily on the phosphatase side. This minireview summarizes the current state-of-the art in our understanding of the regulation and biology of protein tyrosine phosphatases in T lymphocyte physiology.
Mustelin
Tomas
T
Program of Signal Transduction, Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. tmustelin@burnham-inst.org
Alonso
Andres
A
Bottini
Nunzio
N
Huynh
Huong
H
Rahmouni
Souad
S
Nika
Konstantina
K
Louis-dit-Sully
Christine
C
Tautz
Lutz
L
Togo
Summanuna H
SH
Bruckner
Shane
S
Mena-Duran
Armando V
AV
al-Khouri
Anna Maria
AM
D054640:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology
D019061:src-Family Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C517025:DUSP3 protein, human; D054640:Dual Specificity Phosphatase 3; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases