title: Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of glabellar rhytides.
abstract: Injections of BTX-A improve the appearance of glabellar rhytides by relaxing the underlying musculature in a quick and relatively painless procedure that can be performed over the lunch hour and causes few adverse effects. Alone or in combination with filling agents, BTX-A has become one of the most popular cosmetic procedures performed. Cosmetic facial aesthetics is a dynamic, rapidly evolving field, however, and producing the most optimal benefits means understanding the dynamics of facial musculature and principles of BTX-A therapy and remaining abreast of the latest clinical developments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Dermatology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. alastair@carruthers.net
authors.forename: Alastair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carruthers
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004954:Esthetics; D005138:Eyebrows; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A