title: Religious activity and risk behavior among African American adolescents: concurrent and developmental effects.
abstract: This study examines how religious activity is associated with risk behaviors, concurrently and developmentally among urban African American adolescents. Seven hundred and five African American youths were interviewed annually during high school. Retention rates for the study exceeded 90%. Frequency of religious activity, sexual intercourse, and alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use were assessed at each wave. Growth curve analyses found negative concurrent associations between religious activity and each of the four risk behaviors. The developmental effects of religious activity varied by gender. Higher levels of religious activity in 9th grade predicted smaller increases in marijuana use among males and cigarette use among females. In addition, larger decreases in religious activity during high school were associated with greater increases in alcohol use among males and sexual intercourse among females. During high school, religious activity limits the development of certain types of risk behavior among African American youth, even after controlling for reciprocal effects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Behavior and Health Promotion, The Ohio State University School of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1240, USA. steinman.13@osu.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Steinman
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D003075:Coitus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015146:Midwestern United States; D012067:Religion; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders