title: Perinatal transmission and viral evolution of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in infants coinfected with HIV.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected children and the mothers of 2 were studied to examine the nature of perinatal HCV infection in HIV-coinfected infants and to assess the evolution of viral quasispecies thereafter. Sequences of the hypervariable region in the N terminus of the E2/NS1 region (HVR-1) of the children and their mothers were compared. HCV quasispecies changes in the infants were tracked over several years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sequence similarity comparisons and phylogenetic trees were derived from cDNA of plasma isolates. Quantitation of plasma HCV and HIV was performed in the children, as well as CD4 T-cell percentage and liver transaminases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phylogenetic analysis of the mother-child pairs suggested that transmission of multiple dominant and nondominant variants identified in the mother were seen. HCV diversification in the children was seen as early as 2 months of life. The child with the best immune status and HIV control demonstrated the most diversification throughout.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiples HCV variants transmitted from mother to child and their early changes in the child may be related to maternal antibody. Variation after the 1st year of life may reflect immunologic pressure from the child. There was no trend suggesting that the presence or absence of selective immunologic pressure affected HCV load or liver transaminase values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, The Saul Krugman Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Zhiying
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Austin L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Borkowsky
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000821:virology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary