title: Severe involvement of cerebral neopallidum in a dog with hepatic encephalopathy.
abstract: This report describes a unique distribution of cerebral cortical necrotic lesion, which was diagnosed as hepatic encephalopathy in a 2-year-old Maltese dog. The dog showed splenocaval shunt and small liver with marked hepatocellular fatty degeneration. Histopathologic examination revealed that diffuse laminar cortical necrosis composed of neuronal necrosis, marked infiltration of gitter macrophages, and astrogliosis were found bilaterally in the dorsolateral area of the cerebrum. No necrotic lesions were observed in the cerebral paleopallium and archipallium, the central gray matter, cerebellum, and brain stem. Astrocytes with large and pale nuclei (Alzheimer type II astrocytes) were apparent throughout the brain. Immunohistochemically, a decrease of immunostains for glutamine synthetase and glutamate transporter antibodies was seen in Alzheimer type II astrocytes and neuropil. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of extensive involvement of cerebral neopallidum in canine hepatic encephalopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Tottori University, Minami 4-101, Koyama-cho, Tottori-shi, Tottori 680-8553, Japan. morita@muses.tottori-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizutani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Michimae
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hikasa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000032:analysis; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D008099:Liver / Q000002:abnormalities; D009336:Necrosis; D011170:Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D027322:Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase