title: Clostridium difficile colitis in patients after kidney and pancreas-kidney transplantation.
abstract: Limited data exist about Clostridium difficile colitis (CDC) in solid organ transplant patients. Between 1/1/99 and 12/31/02, 600 kidney and 102 pancreas-kidney allograft recipients were transplanted. Thirty-nine (5.5%) of these patients had CDC on the basis of clinical and laboratory findings. Of these 39 patients, 35 have information available for review. CDC developed at a median of 30 days after transplantation, and the patients undergoing pancreas-kidney transplantation had a slightly higher incidence of CDC than recipients of kidney alone (7.8% vs. 4.5%, P>0.05). All but one patient presented with diarrhea. Twenty-four patients (64.9%) were diagnosed in the hospital, and CDC occurred during first hospitalization in 14 patients (40%). Treatment was with oral metronidazole (M) in 33 patients (94%) and M+oral vancomycin (M+V) in 2 patients. Eight patients had recurrent CDC, which occurred at a median of 30 days (range 15-314) after the first episode. Two patients (5.7%) developed fulminant CDC, presented with toxic megacolon, and underwent colectomy. One of them died; the other patient survived after colectomy. CDC should be considered as a diagnosis in transplant patients with history of diarrhea after antibiotic use, and should be treated aggressively before the infection becomes complicated.
authors.affiliation: Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, MUH 7 South, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keven
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Re
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Starzl
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D014640:Vancomycin