title: Effect of conjugated equine estrogen in combination with two different progestogens on the risk factors of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal Chinese women in Taiwan: a randomized one-year study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To compare the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) using estrogen plus dydrogesterone or estrogen plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, prospective 1-year clinical trial was designed. All of the postmenopausal women (n = 279) received sequential conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) at a dose of 0.625 mg/day for 25 days (days 1-25) of each month. These women were also randomly assigned to receive either dydrogesterone 10 mg/day (E + D group, n = 140) or MPA 5 mg/day (E + P group, n = 139) for 14 days (days 12-25) of each month. Serum biochemical markers, lipoproteins, plasma prothrombin time (PT), partial prothrombin time (PPT) and antithrombin III-antigen (ATIII-Ag) were analyzed at baseline, and after 6 and 12 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Liver function, renal function, PT and PPT did not change significantly during the 12-month trial. The E + D group had a more pronounced increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than the E + P group (10.6% vs. 2.7%) after 12 months of treatment (p < 0.05). Both groups showed reduced concentrations of total cholesterol (T-CHO), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ATIII, whereas triglyceride (TG) was increased at the end of the trial (without intergroup difference).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated a favorable effect on lipoprotein profiles with both hormone replacement therapy regimens. Dydrogesterone appears to be superior to medroxyprogesterone acetate from the perspective of modification of coronary heart disease risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ting-Chen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yih-Ron
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Lien
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shao-Pei
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ruey-Jien
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Song-Nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004394:Dydrogesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D000990:Antithrombin III; D004394:Dydrogesterone; D002784:Cholesterol; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate