title: Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase maintains nitric oxide production in the cerebellum of thioacetamide cirrhotic rats.
abstract: This study examines the expression and cellular distribution pattern of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms, nitrotyrosine-derived complexes, and the nitric oxide (NO) production in the cerebellum of rats with cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA). The results showed local changes in the tissue distribution pattern of the NOS isoforms and nitrated proteins in the cerebellum of these animals. Particularly, eNOS immunoreactivity in perivascular glial cells of the white matter was detected only in TAA-treated animals. In addition, although neither neuronal NOS (nNOS) nor inducible NOS (iNOS) cerebellar protein levels appeared to be affected, the endothelial NOS (eNOS) isoform significantly increased its expression, and NO production slightly augmented in TAA-treated rats. These NOS/NO changes may contribute differently to the evolution of the hepatic disease either by maintaining the guanosine monophosphate-NO signal transduction pathways and the physiological cerebellar functions or by inducing oxidative stress and cell damage. This model gives rise to the hypothesis that the upregulation of the eNOS maintains the physiological production of NO, while the iNOS is silenced and the nNOS remains unchanged. The differential NOS-distribution and expression pattern may be one of the mechanisms involved to balance cerebellar NO production in order to minimize TAA toxic injury. These data help elucidate the role of the NOS/NO system in the development and progress of hepatic encephalopathy associated with TAA cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Biology (Edf B3), University of Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martínez-Lara
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Del Moral
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cañuelo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Siles
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Peinado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013853:Thioacetamide; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D013853:Thioacetamide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase