title: [Doctor Zamenhof (1859-1917): A physican "who hopes"! (I)].
abstract: In Lituania, during the second mid-nineteenth century, a Polish and Jewish ophtalmologist, doctor Zamenhof (1859-1917) created an universal and non-national language, he called "esperanto". This "a posteriori" language, constituted from various indo-european existing roots, was the essential tool, the first step to abolish the differences between human ethnies, nationalities and religions. This project aimed to instaure universal fraternity, Zamenhof strongly wished. Using paper and electronic (available on esperanto.org website) sources, the paper analyzes what were Zamenhof's life and works. In a next study, his universal approach will be put back in the ideological context of the period.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lellouch
mesh_terms: D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D008097:Lithuania; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000266:history*; D010820:Physicians / Q000266:history*