title: Modified laser-assisted zonal opening method for human embryo biopsy in preimplantation genetic diagnosis: preliminary experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the safety and efficacy of a modified laser-assisted zonal opening method for human embryo biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The embryo was treated with a modified method to create an ample perivitelline space between the zona pellucida and underlying blastomeres. This was done to protect the blastomeres from damage by laser treatment of the zona pellucida. Subsequently, the zona pellucida was completely perforated using a diode laser, and the targeted blastomere was aspirated. In vitro embryo development of the 40 biopsied embryos was compared with that of 322 corresponding control embryos without embryo biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty targeted blastomeres were successfully extracted from 40 human embryos. The incidence of embryo development to the blastocyst stage was not different between the biopsied and nonbiopsied groups (55% vs. 54.3%). Furthermore, the percentage of top-scoring blastocysts from biopsied embryos was also similar to that of control embryos (77.3% vs. 78.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These preliminary results demonstrate that the modified technique for human embryo biopsy in preimplantation genetic diagnosis is simple and safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yi-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Fu-Jen
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fu-Tsai
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Shiuh-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001755:Blastocyst; D001757:Blastomeres; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D015044:Zona Pellucida