title: VEGF gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate polymorphisms of the VEGF gene in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), their relationship to clinical features and the radiographic progression of joint disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty patients with RA and 149 healthy unrelated controls were recruited. We examined four polymorphisms of the VEGF gene which are reported to be associated with production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism assay and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR. Haplotypes were predicted by Bayesian algorithm using the Phase program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in both patients and controls. The frequency of the 936 T allele, which has been associated with lower production of VEGF, was significantly increased in RA patients compared with controls (22.7 vs 13.4%, P = 0.002). The frequencies of two haplotypes (CGCT and AAGT) which were predicted using the Phase program were significantly increased in RA patients compared with controls [33 vs 14%, odds ratio (OR) 2.636, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38-5.04 for CGCT; 17 vs 6%, OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.20-7.92 for AAGT]. The carriers of the susceptible haplotypes in RA patients had a younger age at disease onset but did not show a difference in the progression rate of radiographic joint destruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that the VEGF gene may play a role in the development of RA
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Sa
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Goronzy
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Weyand
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000235:genetics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor