title: The correlation between cytoplasmic overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor and tumor aggressiveness: poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies have shown that some growth factor receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, eg, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) and the c-erbB-2 (HER-2) oncoprotein, are associated with aggressive biologic behavior of various cancer cell types. We examined the clinicopathological significance of the expression and localization of EGFr and HER-2 in both invasive and intraductal components of ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples from 76 archival cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were immunohistochemically analyzed for both membrane and cytoplasmic overexpression of EGFr and HER-2 oncoprotein. The rate of incidence between the invasive and intraductal components was analyzed and then their correlation with tumor differentiation and patient prognosis was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytoplasmic EGFr overexpression was more frequent in invasive components (47 of 76, 62%) than in intraductal components (19 of 76, 25%), while membrane EGFr overexpression was more frequent in intraductal components (41 of 76, 54%) than in invasive components (11 of 76, 14%). The membrane HER-2 overexpression was also more frequent in intraductal components (15 of 76, 20%) than in invasive components (2 of 76, 3%), but the incidence of cytoplasmic HER-2 overexpression did not differ between intraductal components (12 of 76, 16%) and invasive components (8 of 76, 11%). The cytoplasmic EGFr overexpression in invasive components was more frequent in grade 3 group (32 of 33, 97%) than in grade 2 (15 of 32, 47%) and grade 1 groups (0 of 10, 0%) (P < 0.001). Patients with adenocarcinoma with cytoplasmic EGFr overexpression showed shorter overall survival than those with adenocarcinoma without cytoplasmic EGFr overexpression (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that the cytoplasmic overexpression of EGFr plays a significant role in the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, especially in the invasion and acquisition of aggressive clinical behavior. Both membrane and cytoplasmic expression of HER-2 showed no significant correlation between tumor differentiation and poor survival.
authors.affiliation: Surgery I, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Sho
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawarabayashi
authors.forename: Mikihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatsuse
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010180:Pancreatectomy; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D066246:ErbB Receptors; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases