title: A genetic basis for the "Adonis" phenotype of low adiposity and strong bones.
abstract: Toll receptors in Drosophila contribute to host defense and establish the body plan. Mammalian homologues of Toll, the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are thought to function only in host defense. Here, we report that mice harboring mutations in TLR4 or in CD14, a co-receptor for TLR4, have an "ideal" body plan consisting of increased bone mineral content, density, and size as well as decreased body fat. These mutant mice live long lives, have normal activity and fertility, and show no evidence of infection. Unlike many strains of caged wild-type mice, they do not become obese. Although all mice continue to gain body fat, bone content, and overall weight, the difference in bone content and body fat between mutant and wild-type mice increases with age. Thus, defects in TLR4/CD14 complex generate an "Adonis" phenotype, characterized by this ideal body type, and this function could potentially be exploited for the treatment of osteoporosis and obesity.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, 2-66 Medical Sciences Building, Rochester, Minnesota, MN 55905, USA. p
authors.forename: Geoffrey B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: B Lawrence
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Platt
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001824:Body Constitution / Q000235:genetics*; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000235:genetics*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013851:Thinness / Q000235:genetics*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4