title: Evaluating toxicity of Asana XL (esfenvalerate) amendments in agricultural ditch mesocosms.
abstract: Agricultural ditches primarily serve to remove and store excess water associated with irrigation and storm events. The ability of these ecosystems to mitigate potential contaminants is not well understood. Five sites along a 650-m agricultural ditch located in the Mississippi Delta Management Systems Evaluation Area (MDMSEA) were used to measure fate and effects of an esfenvalerate (insecticide) exposure. Following a 0.64-cm simulated storm event, samples were collected from water and sediments and analyzed spatially from five sites and temporally from 0.5 h to 56 d. Results of aqueous toxicity bioassays indicated that lethality progressed downstream throughout all sampling intervals, while sediment toxicity bioassays only elicited biological responses at the point of pesticide application to the ditch (0 m). Significant reductions in survival of Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas in water were measured at the 0-, 20-, and 80-m sites following application. Ten-day solid phase sediment testing of Chironomus tentans indicated persistent toxicity only at the point of application (0 m) and throughout 56 d (mean=14.4% survival). No lethality or significant reduction in midge growth was measured for remaining downstream sites. These measurements were used to evaluate the potential of agricultural ditches to reduce potential deleterious effects of contaminants in agricultural drainage systems that precede receiving streams.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Arkansas State University, P.O. Box 847, State University, AR 72467, USA. jbouldin@astate.edu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bouldin
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Milam
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D033361:Cladocera / Q000187:drug effects; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009570:Nitriles; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D012987:Soil; C017690:fenvalerate