title: Differential and opposing regulation of PAI-1 promoter activity by estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta in endothelial cells.
abstract: To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the estrogen-dependent control of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene expression in vascular cells, we compared the transactivation properties of estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) in regulating the activity of a human PAI-1 promoter reporter construct in transfected bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). ERalpha increased PAI-1 promoter activity in BAECs by an estrogen-dependent mechanism, whereas ERbeta suppressed PAI-1 promoter activity by an estrogen-independent mechanism. The suppressive activity of ERbeta was dominant over the inductive activity of ERalpha. Mutation of a putative estrogen response element (ERE) located at position -427 in the proximal promoter abolished the ERalpha action without influencing the suppressive effects of ERbeta. Mutation of either AP1-like site did not eliminate the ERalpha or ERbeta actions at the PAI-1 promoter, suggesting that other promoter elements are involved in these responses. These mutations significantly reduced the -3.4kbp PAI-1 promoter response to serum. We concluded that ERalpha and ERbeta exert differential effects on the PAI-1 promoter activity in transfected BAECs. ERalpha activated the PAI-1 promoter through a proximal ERE (-427) and possibly additional EREs located within the PAI-1 promoter, whereas ERbeta suppressed the promoter construct via an unidentified mechanism. This is the first demonstration of the differential regulation of a vascular gene promoter by ERalpha and ERbeta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn 37232-6300, USA.
authors.forename: Layton Harris
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Coats
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Petrie
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Covington
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eren
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vaughan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000187:drug effects; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D004967:Estrogens; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D013629:Tamoxifen