title: Genetic polymorphisms of the HCR gene and a genomic segment in close proximity to HLA-C are associated with patients with psoriasis in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is strongly associated with HLA-Cw*0602, it has been proposed that the association of Cw*0602 is due to linkage disequilibrium and that other nearby genes are involved in PV susceptibility. The alpha-helix coiled-coil rod homologue (HCR) gene, located 110 kb telomeric to the HLA-C locus, is presumed to be one of the PV candidate genes. Recently, a 10-kb genomic segment, centromeric to HLA-C, defined by two new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) n.7*A and n.9*C, was found to have a stronger association with psoriasis than the HCR gene. Until now, no study of the association of the HCR gene, SNPs n.7, and n.9 has been conducted on Chinese patients with psoriasis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to determine whether the genetic polymorphisms of the HCR gene, SNPs n.7*A, and n.9*C were associated with an increased risk of psoriasis in Chinese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using direct sequencing of the HCR gene and the genomic region containing SNPs n.7 and n.9, we investigated the HCR gene, SNPs n.7, and n.9 for disease association in 115 Chinese patients with psoriasis and 103 control subjects. The HCR SNPs were confirmed by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Genotyping for HLA-Cw*0602 was also carried out using sequence-based typing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a different allelic distribution between patient and control groups at nucleotide positions 386, 404, 1802 and 2406 of the HCR gene, and SNPs n.7, and n.9. The associations were much stronger in early onset PV patients (for HCR-386*T and HCR-404*T, odds ratio = 5.63, Pc < 0.0001). The HLA-Cw*0602 also displayed a similar association with PV (odds ratio = 5.4, Pc < 0.0001). Moreover, SNP n.7*A, SNP n.9*C, Cw*0602, HCR-386*T, HCR-404*T and HCR-1802*T were in linkage disequilibrium with each other. Haplotype-based association analysis showed SNP n.7*A-SNP n.9*C-Cw*0602-HCR-386*T-HCR-404*T-HCR-1802*T-HCR-2406*G as a major susceptibility haplotype in this Chinese population (for early onset patients, odds ratio = 5.15, Pc < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the HCR gene, SNP n.7*A, and SNP n.9*C as well as Cw*0602 are major susceptibility markers for psoriasis in Chinese patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. ytchang@vghtpe.gov.tw
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shiao
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015236:HLA-C Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: C412616:CCHCR1 protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; D015236:HLA-C Antigens; C491620:HLA-C*06:02 antigen; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins