title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of simvastatin and lovastatin/extended- release niacin to achieve LDL and HDL goal using NHANES data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Third Report of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults, Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) encouraged reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels for a greater number of patients and reemphasized the benefits of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The purpose of this study was to compare 2 regimens achieving simultaneous LDL and HDL goals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision-analytic model compared the cost-effectiveness of simvastatin and lovastatin/extended-release niacin. The perspective of the analysis was that of a health system. Product labeling was used to determine changes in cholesterol concentrations and frequencies of clinically important adverse events. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) adult data were used for baseline cholesterol levels. Each product was titrated to achieve LDL and HDL goals unless an adverse effect occurred. Direct medical costs were determined for each treatment to determine cost-effectiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both the 130 mg/dL and 100 mg/dL LDL goal analyses (and HDL e40 mg/dL), lovastatin/extended-release niacin had higher success rates and lower estimated direct-medical costs than simvastatin. Simvastatin had the highest success rate in achieving LDL level <160 mg/dL and HDL e40 mg/dL; however, its estimated direct-medical cost was approximately twice that of lovastatin/extended-release niacin (665 US dollars versus 333 US dollars).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the LDL goals <130 mg/dL and <100 mg/dL (and HDL e40 mg/dL) required of the majority of U.S. residents, lovastatin/extended-release niacin was both more successful and less costly than simvastatin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. armstrong@pharmacy.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Woodie M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Zachry
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Malone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D009525:Niacin; D008148:Lovastatin; D019821:Simvastatin