title: The safety and effectiveness of minor injuries telemedicine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety of minor injuries telemedicine compared with on-site specialist care, current practice, and a robust gold standard, and to assess the clinical effectiveness of this new technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting to a peripheral hospital within 10 days of injury were separately assessed by each of: an emergency medicine specialist based at a district general hospital using telemedicine, a second on-site emergency medicine specialist, and an on-site general practitioner (representing current practice). The primary outcome measure was discrepancies between these three medical assessments and a gold standard. All patients were subsequently randomised to follow one of the independent treatment plans generated by the above assessments. Secondary outcomes were recovery and further use of healthcare services measured seven days after recruitment, and consultation duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  600 patients were recruited over a 12 month period. Overall, 73 discrepancies were identified, with 12 important over-treatments and 11 important under-treatments. No consultation modality was clearly superior to any other, and there were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes of clinical effectiveness measured at seven days. The mean duration of a telemedicine consultation (6.0 min) was almost twice as long as an on-site specialist (3.1 min) or on-site general practitioner consultation (3.4 min) (p<0.0001 in both cases).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minor injuries telemedicine is safe and clinically effective, providing care that is equivalent to specialist on-site assessment and the current practice of treatment by a general practitioner. There is no evidence that telemedicine provides superior care, and there are a number of process issues that may impede successful implementation of this new technique.
authors.affiliation: East Gloucestershire NHS Trust, Tewkesbury Hospital, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, UK. JB@sectae.org.uk <JB@sectae.org.uk>
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Benger
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Noble
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coast
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kendall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004739:England; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D018579:Patient Selection; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000379:methods*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*