title: Egg consumption, serum cholesterol, and cause-specific and all-cause mortality: the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and Its Trends in the Aged, 1980 (NIPPON DATA80).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Because egg yolk has a high cholesterol concentration, limited egg consumption is often suggested to help prevent ischemic heart disease (IHD).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We epidemiologically examined the validity of this recommendation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the relations of egg consumption to serum cholesterol and cause-specific and all-cause mortality by using the NIPPON DATA80 (National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease And its Trends in the Aged, 1980) database. At the baseline examination in 1980, a nutritional survey was performed by using the food-frequency method in Japanese subjects aged > or =30 y. We followed 5186 women and 4077 men for 14 y.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The subjects were categorized into 5 egg consumption groups on the basis of their responses to a questionnaire (> or =2/d, 1/d, 1/2 d, 1-2/wk, and seldom). There were 69, 1396, 1667, 1742, and 315 women in each of the 5 groups, respectively. Age-adjusted total cholesterol (5.21, 5.04, 4.95, 4.91, and 4.92 mmol/L in the 5 egg consumption categories, respectively) was related to egg consumption (P < 0.0001, analysis of covariance). In women, unadjusted IHD mortality and all-cause mortality differed significantly between the groups [IHD mortality: 1.1, 0.5, 0.4, 0.5, and 2.0 per 1000 person-years, respectively (P = 0.008, chi-square test); all-cause mortality: 14.8, 8.0, 7.5, 7.5, and 14.5 per 1000 person-years, respectively (P < 0.0001, chi-square test)]. In men, egg consumption was not related to age-adjusted total cholesterol. Cox analysis found that, in women, all-cause mortality in the 1-2-eggs/wk group was significantly lower than that in the 1-egg/d group, whereas no such relations were noted in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limiting egg consumption may have some health benefits, at least in women in geographic areas where egg consumption makes a relatively large contribution to total dietary cholesterol intake.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan. nakamury@kyoto-wu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Takehito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Yoshikuni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okayama
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002423:Cause of Death; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000737:chemistry*; D004531:Eggs / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000401:mortality*; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D002784:Cholesterol