title: A technique for standardized central analysis of 6-(18)F-fluoro-L-DOPA PET data from a multicenter study.
abstract: We have recently completed a large 6-(18)F-fluoro-L-DOPA ((18)F-DOPA) PET study comparing rates of loss of dopamine terminal function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients taking either the dopamine agonist ropinirole or L-DOPA. This trial involved a "distributed acquisition/centralized analysis" method, in which (18)F-DOPA images were acquired at 6 different PET centers around the world and then analyzed at a single site. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a centralized approach has been employed with (18)F-DOPA PET and this descriptive basic science article outlines the methods used.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty-six PD patients were randomized (1:1) to ropinirole or L-DOPA therapy, and (18)F-DOPA PET was performed at baseline and again at 2 y. The primary outcome measure was the percentage change in putamen (18)F-DOPA influx rate constant (K(i)) from Patlak graphical analysis. Dynamic images were acquired and reconstructed using each center's individual protocols before being transferred to the site performing the central analysis. Once there, individual parametric K(i) images were created using a single analysis program without file formats being transformed from the original. Parametric images were then normalized to standard space and K(i) values extracted with a region of interest analysis. Significant K(i) changes were also localized at a voxel level with statistical parametric mapping. These processes required numerous checks to ensure the integrity of each dataset.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred twenty-five (170 baseline, 155 follow-up) dynamic PET datasets were acquired, of which 12 were considered uninterpretable due to missing time frames, radiopharmaceutical problems, lack of measured attenuation correction, or excessive head movement. In those datasets suitable for central analysis, after quality control and spatial normalization of the images had been applied, putamen (18)F-DOPA signal decline was found to be significantly (one third) slower in the ropinirole group compared with that of the L-DOPA group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paired (18)F-DOPA-PET images acquired from multiple sites can be successfully analyzed centrally to assess the efficacy of potential disease-modifying therapies in PD. However, numerous options must be considered and data checks put in place before adopting such an approach. Centralized analysis offers the potential for improved detection of outcomes due to the standardization of the analytic approach and allows the analysis of large numbers of PET studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience and MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom. alan.whone@csc.mrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alan L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Whone
authors.forename: Dale L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Remy
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pavese
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brooks
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002170:Canada; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005602:France; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D007211:Indoles; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C046649:ropinirole; C043437:fluorodopa F 18; D007980:Levodopa; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine