title: New group D streptococcal species.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The heterogeneity of group D streptococci led to the identification of various biotypes of Streptococcus equinus and Streptococcus bovis and to the description of new species. The objective of the present study was to improve the phenotypic delineation between species and to clarify their respective phylogenetic position.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physiological and genomic analyses were carried out in 84 representative strains of the group D streptococci. Biotypes were determined with the API 20 strep and rapid ID 32 STREP systems of identification. Quantitative DNA-DNA hybridization under stringent conditions and values of the deltaT(m) allowed to delineate species and subspecies. The phylogenic position of the different genomic groups was determined by comparing the sequences of their 16S rDNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four DNA-clusters, including seven species or subspecies, were characterized. Differential associations of biochemical characters allowed their identification. S. equinus and the type strain of S. bovis belonged to a single species. S. gallolyticus, S. bovis biotype II.2, and S. macedonicus formed a single DNA-cluster including three different subspecies. These were designated as S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus, and S. gallolyticus subsp. macedonicus. The two other DNA-clusters corresponded to the two subspecies of S. infantarius, and to S. alactolyticus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study presented a new classification associated with an identification scheme of group D streptococci. The changes in this classification demonstrate the interest of a polyphagic approach of the bacterial identification.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques, Service de Microbiologie, Hôtel Dieu AP-HP, Université Paris V & Unité Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergentes, INSERM U389, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schlegel
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grimont
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Grimont
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouvet
mesh_terms: D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D016985:Streptococcus bovis / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S