title: Treatment with the purine synthesis inhibitor mizoribine for ANCA-associated renal vasculitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The common treatment for antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated renal vasculitis is oral cyclophosphamide (CYC)-corticosteroid combination therapy. However, there are serious complications associated with long-term use of CYC. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of a purine synthesis inhibitor, mizoribine, for patients at high risk for relapse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study included 5 patients, 4 patients with myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA-associated renal vasculitis and 1 patient with proteinase 3 (PR3)-ANCA-associated renal vasculitis, who had achieved remission through treatment with methylprednisolone pulse therapy, corticosteroids, and CYC. When their ANCA titers were found to be greater than normal range after remission status, mizoribine treatment was initiated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median time from initial treatment to first administration of mizoribine was 40.0 months (range, 24 to 51 months). Median follow-up was 13.0 months (range, 6 to 16 months). Before initiation of mizoribine treatment, no patient had experienced relapse and ANCA titers were less than the detectable range in all patients at 3 months before mizoribine administration. When mizoribine administration was started, ANCA titers were elevated in all patients (median MPO-ANCA, 101 ELISA units [EU]; range, 65 to 154 EU; PR3-ANCA, 55 EU), but no new symptoms or signs of relapse were noted. After 2 months of mizoribine treatment, only 1 patient had experienced a relapse; however, ANCA titers had decreased in all other patients and normalized in 3 patients. No adverse effects appeared in any patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the balance between suppression of disease activity and adverse effects of treatment, mizoribine may be useful for preemptive treatment for patients with ANCA-associated renal vasculitis at high risk for relapse.
authors.affiliation: Majours of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. kidney@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Joichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirayama
authors.forename: Keigyou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoh
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamagata
authors.forename: Sohji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagase
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000032:analysis*; D001706:Biopsy; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011687:Purines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D011687:Purines; D012263:Ribonucleosides; C010052:mizoribine; C030985:purine