title: Paramyxovirus Sendai virus-like particle formation by expression of multiple viral proteins and acceleration of its release by C protein.
abstract: Envelope viruses maturate by macromolecule assembly and budding. To investigate these steps, we generated virus-like particles (VLPs) by co-expression of structural proteins of Sendai virus (SeV), a prototype of the family Paramyxoviridae. Simultaneous expression of matrix (M), nucleo- (N), fusion (F), and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) proteins resulted in the generation of VLPs that had morphology and density similar to those of authentic virus particles, although the efficiency of release from cells was significantly lower than that of the virus. By using this VLP formation as a model of virus budding, roles of individual proteins in budding were investigated. The M protein was a driving force of budding, and the F protein facilitated and the HN protein suppressed VLP release. Either of the glycoproteins, F or HN, as well as the N protein, significantly shifted density of VLPs to that of virus particles, suggesting that viral proteins bring about integrity of VLPs by protein-protein interactions. We further found that co-expression of a nonstructural protein, C, but not V, enhanced VLP release to a level comparable to that of virus particles, demonstrating that the C protein plays a role in virus budding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiro
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yukie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimazu
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwayama
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiyotani
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Nobuoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Takemasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D029082:Sendai virus / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D014771:Virion / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014764:Viral Proteins; C051221:nonstructural C protein, Sendai virus