title: Extracellular HMGB1 as a proinflammatory cytokine.
abstract: High mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1, formerly known as HMG-1), a highly conserved ubiquitous protein, has been for a long time described as a nuclear DNA-binding protein involved in nucleosome stabilization and gene transcription. Recent discoveries indicate that HMGB1 is released from activated innate immune cells or necrotic cells and functions as an important mediator of endotoxemia, sepsis, arthritis, and local inflammation. Therapeutic agents that inhibit HMGB1 release or action confer significant protection against endotoxemia, sepsis, and arthritis in animal models and thus hold potential for the clinical management of various inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital-New York University School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Guoqian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Andrew E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Sama
authors.forename: Haichao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D024243:HMGB1 Protein