title: Preferences and saliva stimulation of eight different chewing gums.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chewing gums have been studied for clinical use to stimulate the salivary flow rate in healthy and diseased individuals. However, differences in preferences of chewing gums may influence patient compliance during long-term use. Therefore, we compared the effect of several chewing gums on the flow rate of whole saliva and pH, and investigated the preferences of these gums.
  
  
  METHODS
  83 healthy subjects participated in the first part of the study. Both parafilm-stimulated and chewing gum-stimulated whole saliva from 8 different chewing gums was collected and salivary flow rate and pH were determined. In another group of 112 healthy subjects, we investigated the preferences for the chewing gums with a 10-item questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All gums had comparable effects on salivary flow rate and pH. The average increase in flow rate was 187% during the first minute of chewing compared with parafilm stimulation. After 10 minutes of gum chewing, the amount of saliva was equal to parafilm stimulation. The questionnaire showed differences in preferences for the chewing gums, which were related to taste and gum shape. Gender interactions were observed for sparkling taste (p = 0.019), total judgement (p = 0.047) and the willingness to use the gum for several weeks (p = 0.037).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although all chewing gums stimulated the salivary flow rate equally, the observed differences in preferences may influence long-term compliance. Therefore, we recommend that chewing gums are tested before the start of clinical studies, to identify the most accepted chewing gum for specific groups of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Dental Sciences, Section of Oral Biochemistry, room A-220, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. c.bots@vumc.nl
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Bots
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: E C I
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Veerman
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Nieuw Amerongen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002638:Chewing Gum / Q000145:classification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010232:Paraffin; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013499:Surface Properties; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D010232:Paraffin