Effects of a medium chain triglyceride oil mixture and alpha-lipoic acid diet on body composition, antioxidant status, and plasma lipid levels in the Golden Syrian hamster.
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (ALP) versus a medium chain triglyceride oil mixture (MCTo), which was designed to increase energy expenditure and to improve lipid profiles containing medium chain triglycerides, phytosterols, and omega-3 fatty acids in the form of flaxseed oil. A total of 48 hamsters were fed a) hypercholesterolemic (HC) control, b) HC MCTo, c) HC ALP, or d) HC MCTo/ALP diet for 4 weeks. No differences were observed on food intake, body weight, total body water, lean and fat mass, and tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). ALP alone had no effect on total cholesterol (TC); however, MCTo feeding increased TC with (P < 0.03) and without (P < 0.003) ALP when compared with control. ALP increased HDL levels compared with control (P < 0.04) and MCTo/ALP (P < 0.007) groups. MCTo, with (P < 0.0001) or without (P < 0.006) ALP, increased non-HDL cholesterol levels versus control. The non-HDL:HDL cholesterol ratio was decreased by ALP compared with MCTo (45%) and MCTo/ALP (68%) (P < 0.0001), a similar trend was seen when compared with the HC control (22%) group (P < 0.14). Triglyceride levels were not altered by any dietary treatment. Liver and heart tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) was increased (P < 0.05) by all three treatments when compared with control. Both tissues showed an increase (P < 0.05) in oxidized glutathione (GSSG) when fed ALP as compared with other treatments. Hamsters fed ALP had a lower (P < 0.05) GSH/GSSG ratio compared with other treatment groups. In conclusion, MCTo feeding does not elicit beneficial effects on circulating plasma lipids and measures of body composition. In addition, our results do not clearly support an improvement in oxidative status through supplementation of ALP. However, our results do support the existence of beneficial effects of ALP on circulating lipoprotein content in the hamster.
Wollin
Stephanie D
SD
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9.
Wang
Yanwen
Y
Kubow
Stan
S
Jones
Peter J H
PJ
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D006224:Cricetinae; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004435:Eating; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D008043:Linseed Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D000975:Antioxidants; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014280:Triglycerides; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D008043:Linseed Oil; D002784:Cholesterol; D005978:Glutathione