title: Essential role of the homeodomain for pituitary homeobox 1 activation of mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene expression through interactions with c-Jun and DNA.
abstract: The gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) is expressed primarily in the gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary. Pituitary homeobox 1 (Pitx-1) has been shown to activate pituitary-specific gene expression by direct DNA binding and/or protein-protein interaction with other transcription factors. We hypothesized that Pitx-1 might also dictate tissue-specific expression of the mouse GnRHR (mGnRHR) gene in a similar manner. Pitx-1 activated the mGnRHR gene promoter, and transactivation was localized to sequences between -308 and -264. Pitx-1 bound to this region only with low affinity. This region includes an activating protein 1 (AP-1) site, which was previously shown to be important for mGnRHR gene expression. Further characterization indicated that an intact AP-1 site was required for full Pitx-1 responsiveness. Furthermore, Pitx-1 and AP-1 were synergistic in the activation of the mGnRHR gene promoter. A Pitx-1 homeodomain (HD) point mutation, which eliminated DNA binding ability, caused only a partial reduction of transactivation, whereas deletion of the HD completely prevented transactivation. Pitx-1 interacted directly with c-Jun, and the HD was sufficient for this interaction. While the point mutation in the Pitx-1 HD did not affect interaction with c-Jun, deletion of the HD eliminated the interaction. Taken together, our studies indicate that Pitx-1 can direct transactivation of the mGnRHR gene, in part by DNA binding and in part by an action of Pitx-1 as a cofactor for AP-1, augmenting AP-1 activity through a novel protein-protein interaction between c-Jun and the HD of Pitx-1.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. kjeong@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Kyeong-Hoon
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: Ursula B
authors.initials: UB
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D017354:Point Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism*; D011966:Receptors, LHRH / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D011966:Receptors, LHRH; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C101485:homeobox protein PITX1; D004247:DNA