title: [Pitfalls of endoscopic carpal tunnel release].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the causes of failed endoscopic carpal tunnel release (CTR) in order to detect potentially hazardous operative steps. The intraoperative findings of 10 microsurgically revised cases were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 1999 to October 2001, ten patients underwent open revision surgery after being referred because of failed endoscopic carpal tunnel release (CTR). The median nerve had been injured in five cases, necessitating autologous sural nerve grafting in four. Two other patients underwent extensive (external and internal) neurolysis. The lesions were located twice in the main nerve trunk, three times in the recurrent motor branch, three times in a digital nerve, and once in the sensory palmar branch. The transverse carpal ligament (TCL) had not been sectioned in four cases and was incomplete in two. In another two cases, previously sectioned TCLs were closed again by firm fibrous tissue. In three cases, postoperative hematomas after the initial release were described and possibly contributed to symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic CTR in the hand of the inexperienced bears major risks for iatrogenic neurovascular injury.
authors.affiliation: Neurochirurgische Klinik der Universität Ulm am BKH Günzburg, Günzburg. kretschmerthomas@hotmail.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kretschmer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antoniadis
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Börm
authors.forename: H-P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D008866:Microsurgery; D016067:Nerve Transfer; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome