title: Visual outcomes following ICG assisted ILM peel for Macular Hole.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the anatomical and visual outcome of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling for macular hole surgery. A literature search identified potential factors that may affect the functional success of the procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case note review of 14 consecutive patients undergoing phaco-vitrectomy, gas and ICG-assisted ILM peeling for macular hole from July 2001 to July 2002. A 0.5% ICG solution (osmolarity 270 mOsm) was left in contact with the retina for 1-3 min. The outcome measures were hole closure, change in visual acuity, and macular pigmentary changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anatomical hole closure was achieved in 13 of 14 eyes (92.8%). The mean logMAR Snellen acuities were 0.80 (range 0.60-1.30) preoperatively and 0.77 (0.48-1.30) postoperatively. Seven eyes (50%) developed retinal pigmentary changes in the macular area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICG-assisted ILM peeling for macular hole surgery achieves high rates of anatomical hole closure, but functional results are less encouraging. Previous studies suggest toxicity of the ICG to the retina, at the level of the RPE or inner retina. The results may be optimized by using a lower concentration, iso-osmolar, viscous solution, and by minimizing contact time of the solution and intensity, and duration of illumination.
authors.affiliation: West of England, Eye Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, UK.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Posselt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Simcock
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green