title: The metabolic syndrome mediates the relationship between cynical hostility and cardiovascular disease.
abstract: The objective of this work was to test the clustering of classic Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, known as the metabolic syndrome (e.g., increased blood pressure, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia combined with low levels of high-density lipoprotein, and abdominal fatness), as a mediator of the association between cynicism and CVD. Data were used from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) (n = 1944 individuals, average age 62 years, 58% female). The cross-sectional association of cynicism with CVD was significant (standardized beta = 0.08, p <.01). In a longitudinal model, cynicism measured in 1984 was associated with CVD measured in 1987 (standardized beta = 0.06, p <.01). In a third model, a latent construct "metabolic syndrome" significantly partially mediated this relationship. Cynicism (measured 1984) predicted the metabolic syndrome (measured 1986-1988) (standardized beta = 0.20, p <.05) and the metabolic syndrome predicted CVD (measured 1987) (standardized beta = 0.18, p <.001); cynicism no longer significantly predicted CVD. Results were adjusted for baseline CVD, smoking, and age. These findings suggest that a clustering of CVD risk factors partially mediate the association between cynicism and CVD in an older population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA. tnelson@cahs.colostate.edu
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Raymond F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001290:Attitude; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014427:Twins