title: Epithelial expression and release of FGF-2 from heparan sulphate binding sites in bronchial tissue in asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most characteristic structural change evident in endobronchial biopsies in asthma, even in mild disease, is subepithelial collagen deposition within the lamina reticularis. This has been associated with progressive loss of lung function and the persistence of airway hyperresponsiveness, and has been linked to airway fibroblast proliferation. A potent fibroproliferative factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in asthma is fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). FGF-2 is a member of a family of heparin binding growth factors that bind to heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPG), an important determinant of FGF-2 activity. This study compared the level of expression and distribution of FGF-2 in relation to HSPG in bronchial tissue from normal and asthmatic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The distribution of FGF-2 and HSPG in intact and cleaved forms in endobronchial biopsies from normal and asthmatic subjects was examined using an immunohistochemical approach. A novel ELISA based method was developed to detect solubilisation of FGF-2 following addition of heparin and heparitinase to bronchial tissue slices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical analysis showed that FGF-2 was co-localised to HSPG in epithelial and endothelial basement membranes. Epithelial FGF-2, but not HSPG, was significantly more abundant in patients with mild asthma than in normal subjects. In vitro experiments indicated that FGF-2 was released from binding sites in the tissue by heparin and heparitinase I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FGF-2 is bound by HSPG in bronchial tissue. The mast cell, through the release of heparin and endoglycosidase, may make a unique contribution to tissue remodelling in allergic asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Specialties, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK. jan.shute@port.ac.uk
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shute
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Solic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Redington
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Howarth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001665:Binding Sites; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D019763:Heparin Lyase / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000494:pharmacology; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D013300:Streptokinase; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D019763:Heparin Lyase