title: In vitro biological effects of titanium rough surface obtained by calcium phosphate grid blasting.
abstract: Surface roughness modulates the osseointegration of orthopaedic and dental titanium implants. High surface roughness are currently obtained by blasting of titanium implants with silica or aluminium oxide abrasive particles. This process may cause the release of cytotoxic silicium or aluminium ions in the peri-implant tissue. To generate a biocompatible roughened titanium surface, we currently develop an innovative grid-blasting process using biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particles. Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) discs were either polished, BCP grid-blasted or left as-machined. BCP grid-blasting created an average surface roughness of 1.57 +/- 0.07 microm compared to the original machined surface of 0.58 +/- 0.05 microm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated traces of calcium and phosphorus and relatively less aluminium on the BCP grid-blasted surface than on the initial titanium specimen. Scanning electronic microscopy observations and measurement of mitochondrial activity (MTS assay) showed that osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were viable in contact with the BCP grid-blasted titanium surface. In addition, our results indicate that MC3T3-E1 cells expressed ALP activity and conserved their responsiveness to bone morphogenetic protein BMP-2. The overall results clearly indicate that this calcium phosphate grid-blasting technique increases the roughness of titanium implants and provides a non-cytotoxic surface with regard to mouse osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: INSERM EM 9903, Research Centre on Materials with Biological Interest, School of dental surgery, Nantes University, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, Nantes Cedex 1, 44042, France.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Citeau
authors.forename: Jerome
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guicheux
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vinatier
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Layrolle
authors.forename: Thien P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pilet
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daculsi
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048429:Cell Size; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D008422:Materials Testing; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C031462:titanium alloy (TiAl6V4); C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium