title: Comparative activities of beta-lactam antibiotics and quinolones for invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading pathogen causing pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, bacteremia and sinusitis resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. We examined in vitro activities of five quinolones in comparison with other antibiotics against 85 invasive pneumococcal isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin G, cefuroxime, azithromycin, clarithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin and gemifloxacin were determined using a broth microdilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall rates of resistance to penicillin (46%), cefuroxime (20%), azithromycin (20%), clarithromycin (18%) and SXT (46%) were considerable. Among all of the isolates, 9 isolates (11%) were highly resistant (MIC >/=2 mg/l) and 30 isolates (35%) had intermediate resistance (MIC 0.12- 1.0 mg/l). Of the quinolones gemifloxacin and trovafloxacin had the highest activity. The penicillin resistance status of the isolates did not have any effect on the resistance pattern of new quinolones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new quinolones show great potential in the treatment of invasive infections caused by both penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey. serkanoncu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oncü
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Punar
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eraksoy
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D047090:beta-Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D047090:beta-Lactams