title: Differentiating infection from vaccination in foot-and-mouth-disease: evaluation of an ELISA based on recombinant 3ABC.
abstract: Recent devastating outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Europe have reopened the discussion about the adequacy of the non-vaccination strategy implemented by the EU in 1991. Here we describe the evaluation of a new commercially available test kit for the discrimination between vaccination and infection. The test is based on the detection of antibodies against the recombinant non-structural (NS) protein 3ABC. In contrast to immunization with vaccines free of 3ABC, these antibodies are elicited as a consequence of infection. Testing more than 3600 negative sera from several countries revealed a specificity of > 99% for bovine, ovine, and porcine samples. Antibodies specific for 3ABC can be detected as soon as 10 days post-infection. As compared with the occurrence of antibodies against structural proteins of FMDV, anti-3ABC antibodies can be detected 5-10 days later, depending on the species. No anti-3ABC antibodies were detected in sera from vaccination experiments or in field sera from vaccinated animals. However, anti-3ABC antibodies can be detected in vaccinated animals upon challenge. These results provide evidence that this test can facilitate the use of vaccines in new strategies against FMD.
authors.affiliation: Bommeli Diagnostics, Stationsstr. 12, CH-Liebefeld Bern, Switzerland. urs.bruderer@intervet.com
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bruderer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Swam
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brocchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grazioli
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Esterhuysen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vosloo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forsyth
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005060:Europe; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: C109754:3ABC protein, virus; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins