title: Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on symptom severity and sputum mediator levels in chronic persistent cough.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic cough often lasts for more than 1 year and is associated with airway inflammation. The effect of inhaled corticosteroids on symptom severity and inflammatory mediator levels in these patients is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether inhaled corticosteroids reduce cough severity and sputum mediator concentrations in patients with chronic persistent cough.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study with inhaled fluticasone, 500 microg twice daily, and placebo for 14 days in 88 patients with cough for more than 1 year, with normal chest radiography and spirometry results. Outcome measures were a daily cough visual analogue scale and induced sputum concentrations of eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase, leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)), leukotrienes C(4)/D(4)/E(4) (cysteinyl leukotrienes [Cys-LTs]), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), IL-8, and TNF-alpha. Sputum cell counts, exhaled nitric oxide levels, and carbon monoxide levels were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant improvement in the cough visual analogue scale after inhaled fluticasone compared with placebo (mean difference, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.4-1.5; P <.001). LTB(4), Cys-LT, and PGE(2) levels were increased in all causes of cough. Sputum ECP counts, exhaled nitric oxide levels, and carbon monoxide levels decreased significantly after inhaled fluticasone. There was no change in sputum cell counts and other mediator concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cough severity and sputum ECP levels are modestly reduced by inhaled corticosteroids in patients with chronic cough persisting for more than 1 year. LTB(4), Cys-LT, PGE(2), IL-8, myeloperoxidase, and TNF-alpha levels are unaltered by this therapy. This raises the possibility that drugs targeted to reduce the effects of these mediators might be of benefit in chronic persistent cough.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow and Western Infirmary, Glasgow G11 6NT, Scotland, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Rekha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.forename: Alex D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: Lorna J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Kirsten J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: Charles P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: McSharry
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Neil C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Thomson
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003371:Cough / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000068298:Fluticasone