title: Efficacy of transanal endoscopic microsurgery in the management of rectal polyps.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) was a technique developed to allow the excision of adenomas and early-stage cancers from the rectum and distal sigmoid colon. The aim of this project was to prospectively study surgical morbidity, mortality and the local recurrence rate of all patients treated with this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients undergoing TEM were prospectively evaluated. Endpoints to assess the surgical morbidity and mortality were defined before the study commenced. All patients underwent regular follow up to determine treatment efficacy in terms of the local recurrence rate and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study involved 113 patients, with a mean age of 69 years (standard deviation 14 years, range 30-94 years), and a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The mean polyp area was 20.5 cm(2) (range 1-169 cm(2)) and the mean height above the anal verge was 9.5 cm (range 4-25 cm). Histology of the tumors found 62 adenomas, 20 carcinomas in situ, and 31 adenocarcinomas. There were no unplanned returns to theater or postoperative deaths. Four patients required readmission within 30 days because of bleeding, and nine patients underwent more radical surgical procedures following histological evaluation of the resected specimens. During a mean follow up of 1.5 +/- 0.8 years (maximum 3.2 years), there have been two recurrences of villous adenomas. The actuarial local recurrence rate at 2 years is 2.4% (95% confidence interval 0.8-4.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEM was demonstrated to be a safe surgical procedure, and early follow up has shown it to be an efficacious treatment for benign rectal adenomas and early rectal cancers.
authors.affiliation: Colorectal Unit, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia. cplatell@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Platell
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Denholm
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Makin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007417:Intestinal Polyps / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011351:Proctoscopy / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome