title: Repair of the perforated sinus membrane with a resorbable collagen membrane: a human study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of the repair of perforated sinus membranes with resorbable collagen membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  A split-mouth design was followed. Twelve subjects requiring bilateral sinus grafting were included in the study; one site had been accidentally perforated during sinus augmentation and the other site had not been perforated. The perforated sites were repaired with a resorbable collagen membrane. Dental implants were placed during a second surgery, and biopsy samples were harvested from both sinuses during implant placement. New bone formation was measured for all sites. Implant survival was recorded at second-stage surgery. Panoramic radiographs were taken before and after sinus grafting and after implant placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonperforated sites demonstrated significantly more bone formation (33.58% +/- 7.45%) than perforated sites (14.17% +/- 7.06%) (P < .0001). Perforated sites demonstrated significantly more soft tissue formation (63.58% +/- 12.96%) than nonperforated sites (48.5% +/- 12.57%) (P = .006). In nonperforated sites, residual graft particles had more of their surface in contact with bone (40.17% +/- 14.92%) than perforated sites (14.5% +/- 12.03%) (P < .0001). The implant survival rate at second-stage surgery was superior for nonperforated sites (100%) in comparison to perforated sites (69.56%) (P = .0028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that repairing the perforated site of the sinus membrane with a resorbable collagen membrane may result in reduced bone formation and implant survival rate. A different technique and/or materials than those used in the current study may offer better results for the repair of the perforated sinus membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that perforation and repair of the sinus membrane may compromise new bone formation and implant survival.
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University, School of Dentistry, Graduate Program in Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. pProussaef@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Periklis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proussaefs
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lozada
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rohrer
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D003094:Collagen; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D006801:Humans; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D013516:Oral Surgical Procedures, Preprosthetic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D003094:Collagen