Supplementation of L-carnitine in athletes: does it make sense?
Studies in athletes have shown that carnitine supplementation may foster exercise performance. As reported in the majority of studies, an increase in maximal oxygen consumption and a lowering of the respiratory quotient indicate that dietary carnitine has the potential to stimulate lipid metabolism. Treatment with L-carnitine also has been shown to induce a significant postexercise decrease in plasma lactate, which is formed and used continuously under fully aerobic conditions. Data from preliminary studies have indicated that L-carnitine supplementation can attenuate the deleterious effects of hypoxic training and speed up recovery from exercise stress. Recent data have indicated that L-carnitine plays a decisive role in the prevention of cellular damage and favorably affects recovery from exercise stress. Uptake of L-carnitine by blood cells may induce at least three mechanisms: 1) stimulation of hematopoiesis, 2) a dose-dependent inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and 3) the prevention of programmed cell death in immune cells. As recently shown, carnitine has direct effects in regulation of gene expression (i.e., carnitine-acyltransferases) and may also exert effects via modulating intracellular fatty acid concentration. Thus there is evidence for a beneficial effect of L-carnitine supplementation in training, competition, and recovery from strenuous exercise and in regenerative athletics.
Karlic
Heidrun
H
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Leukemia Research and Hematology, Vienna, Austria. heidrun.karlic@chello.at
Lohninger
Alfred
A
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003065:Coenzyme A / Q000378:metabolism; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D015431:Weight Loss
D019344:Lactic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D002331:Carnitine; D003065:Coenzyme A