title: No effect of stem cell mobilization with GM-CSF on infarct size and left ventricular function in experimental acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of bone marrow pluripotent stem cell mobilization with granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor (GMCSF) on infarct size and left ventricular function, in the setting of acute myocardial infarction, with a protocol easily applicable in clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten pigs underwent left thoracotomy and left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 1 h, followed by reperfusion. After 50 min of arterial occlusion, the animals were randomly divided between treatment with placebo (Group 1) and subcutaneous GM-CSF (Group 2). The thoracotomy was closed and the animals recovered. In Group 2, GM-CSF, 20 microg/kg, was administered daily, 5 days/week, for 3 weeks. Echocardiograms were obtained at 5 and 28 days after acute myocardial infarction. At 30 days, infarct size, expressed as a percentage of the whole left ventricular mass, was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The white blood cell count increased from 13000 +/- 3338/ microl to 28700 +/- 4916/ microl (p = 0.001) in the GM-CSF-treated group. Infarct size was 7.8 +/- 6.1% in Group 1 vs 7.5 +/- 7.7% in Group 2 (ns). Similarly, no significant difference was observed between the 2 study groups in any of the echocardiographic measurements made at 28 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subcutaneous GMCSF administered during the early post acute myocardial infarction period neither decreased infarct size nor improved left ventricular function. Other protocols for mobilization of stem cells and their concentration in the injured area should be developed to combine efficacy and clinical applicability.
authors.affiliation: University of Athens, School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, "Alexandra" Hospital, Makedonias 24, 10433, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Terrovitis
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Charitos
authors.forename: Paraskevi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dolou
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papalois
authors.forename: Ageliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eleftheriou
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsolakis
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Charitos
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mponios
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karanastasis
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koudoumas
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Agapitos
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Nanas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001853:Bone Marrow; D004452:Echocardiography; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells; D011897:Random Allocation; D012107:Research Design; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor