title: Oxygen delivery and consumption in the microcirculation after extreme hemodilution with perfluorocarbons.
abstract: The oxygen transport capacity of fluorocarbons was investigated in the hamster chamber window model microcirculation to determine the rate at which oxygen is delivered to the tissue in conditions of extreme hemodilution [hematocrit (Hct) 11%]. Hydroxyethlyl starch (HES 200; 200 kDa molecular mass) was used as a plasma expander for two isovolemic hemodilutions performed with 10% HES 200 until a Hct of 65%. A third step reduced the Hct to 75% of baseline and was performed with either HES 200 or a 60% perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion. Comparisons of HES 200-only-hemodiluted animals versus 4.2 g/kg PFC emulsion-hemodiluted animals were made at 21% and 100% normobaric oxygen ventilation. It was found that systemic and microvascular oxygen delivery was 25% and 400% higher in the PFC animals compared with HES 200 animals, respectively, showing that PFCs deliver oxygen to the tissue when combined with hyperoxic ventilation in the present experiments, with no evidence of vasoconstriction or impaired microvascular function. Oxygen ventilation (100%) led to a positive base excess for the PFC group (5.5 +/- 2.5 mmol/l) versus a negative balance (-0.8 +/- 1.4 mmol/l) for the HES 200 group, suggesting that microvascular findings corresponded to systemic events.
authors.affiliation: University of California-San Diego, Department of Bioengineering, 0412, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. pcabrales@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cabrales
authors.forename: Amy G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frangos
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Briceño
authors.forename: Marcos
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Intaglietta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002196:Capillaries / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002302:Cardiac Output; D006224:Cricetinae; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005740:Gases / Q000097:blood; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000379:methods; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008833:Microcirculation; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005466:Fluorocarbons; D005740:Gases; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D010100:Oxygen