title: Dihydrothymine lesion in X-irradiated DNA: characterization at the molecular level and detection in cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the formation of the dihydrothymine lesion produced in DNA by ionizing radiation in an anaerobic environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dihydrothymine lesion, along with other lesions, was isolated from an X-irradiated aqueous solution of the dinucleoside monophosphate d(TpA) and analysed by correlated two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The dihydrothymine lesion was obtained by enzymatic digestion of irradiated DNA in the form of modified dinucleoside monophosphates, d(T(d)A), where T(d) stands for dihydrothymidine. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the lesion in the DNA of X-irradiated mouse fibroblast cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The modified dinucleoside monophosphate, d(T(d)pA), fragments by two pathways so that altogether the lesion could be detected using two different sets of tandem mass spectrometry (precursor ion mass/daughter ion mass) values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dihydrothymine lesion is a significant lesion in cells exposed to ionizing radiation in an anaerobic environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Dawidzik
authors.forename: E E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Budzinski
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Patrzyc
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iijima
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Alderfer
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Tabaczynski
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Box
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D013941:Thymine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D015226:Dinucleoside Phosphates; C028145:2'-deoxythymidylyl-(3'-5')-2'-deoxyadenosine; D004247:DNA; D013941:Thymine