title: Fractional photothermolysis: a new concept for cutaneous remodeling using microscopic patterns of thermal injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We introduce and clinically examine a new concept of skin treatment called fractional photothermolysis (FP), achieved by applying an array of microscopic treatment zones (MTZ) of thermal injury to the skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two prototype devices emitting at 1.5 microm wavelength provided a pattern of micro-exposures with variable MTZ density. Effects of different MTZ densities were tested on the forearms of 15 subjects. Clinical effects and histology were assessed up to 3 months after exposure. Treatment of photoaged skin on the periorbital area in an additional 30 subjects receiving four treatments over a period of 2-3 weeks was also tested. Tissue shrinkage and clinical effects were assessed up to 3 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pattern densities with spacing of 250 microm or more were well tolerated. Typical MTZ had a diameter of 100 microm and penetrated 300 microm into the skin. Reepithelialization was complete within 1 day. Clinical effects were assessed over a 3-month period. Histology at 3 months revealed enhanced undulating rete ridges and increased mucin deposition within the superficial dermis. Periorbital treatments were well tolerated with minimal erythema and edema. Linear shrinkage of 2.1% was measured 3 months after the last treatment. The wrinkle score improved 18% (P < 0.001) 3 months after the last treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FP is a new concept for skin restoration treatment. Safety and efficacy were demonstrated with a prototype device. Further clinical studies are necessary to refine the optimum parameters and to explore further dermatological applications.
authors.affiliation: Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. dmanstein@partners.org
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Manstein
authors.forename: G Scott
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Herron
authors.forename: R Kehl
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sink
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: R Rox
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D015595:Skin Aging