title: Hypoglycaemia with insulin aspart: a double-blind, randomised, crossover trial in subjects with Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of the rapid-acting insulin analogue insulin aspart and soluble human insulin on hypoglycaemia and glycaemic control in patients with Type 1 diabetes when injected immediately before meals as part of intensive insulin therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this multinational, double-blind, randomised, crossover trial, 155 patients with Type 1 diabetes (HbA(1c) < 8.0%) were symmetrically randomised to two 16-week treatment periods on either type of insulin, both injected 0-5 min before meals. NPH insulin was given as basal insulin once or twice daily as needed, and insulin dosages were regularly adjusted using pre-defined algorithms to maintain tight glycaemic control. Treatment periods were separated by a 4-week washout.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of major nocturnal (24.00-06.00 h) hypoglycaemic episodes was 72% lower with insulin aspart than with human insulin (0.067 vs. 0.225 events/month; P = 0.001). Total rate of major hypoglycaemia did not differ significantly between treatments (insulin aspart/human insulin relative risk 0.72; 95% CI 0.47-1.09, P = 0.12). The rate of minor events was significantly reduced by 7% with insulin aspart (P = 0.048). Reductions in rate of hypoglycaemia were achieved with maintained overall glycaemic control: Mean HbA(1c) remained constant, slightly below 7.7% on both treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of insulin aspart in an intensive insulin regimen in patients with tightly controlled Type 1 diabetes led to clinically significant reductions in major nocturnal hypoglycaemia with no deterioration in glycaemic control. Major nocturnal hypoglycaemia appears to be a strong clinical indication for the use of rapid-acting insulin analogues during intensive insulin therapy.
authors.affiliation: Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, UK. S.Heller@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colagiuri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaaler
authors.forename: B H R
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Wolffenbuttel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koelendorf
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Friberg
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Windfeld
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindholm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D061267:Insulin Aspart; D007336:Insulin, Isophane