title: Adolescent smoking and exposure to tobacco marketing under a tobacco advertising ban: findings from 2 Norwegian national samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the extent to which adolescents in Norway have been exposed to tobacco marketing despite an existing ban, and whether exposure is related to their current smoking or expectations they will smoke in the future.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were administered to nationally representative systematic samples of Norwegian youths aged 13 to 15 years in 1990 (n = 4282) and 1995 (n = 4065).
  
  
  RESULTS
  About half in each cohort reported exposure to marketing. Youths reporting exposure were significantly more likely to be current smokers and to expect to be smokers at 20 years of age, after control for important social influence predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents' current smoking and future smoking expectations are linked to marketing exposure even in limited settings, suggesting the need for comprehensive controls to eliminate the function of marketing in promoting adolescent smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human and Community Development, University of California, Davis 95616, USA. mtbraverman@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Marc T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Braverman
authors.forename: Leif Edvard
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Aarø
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000329:Advertising / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006184:Habits; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006291:Health Policy / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D040541:Marketing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008402:Mass Media; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010379:Peer Group; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000458:organization & administration*