title: ABSENCE OF THE LEFT PERICARDIUM, SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX, AND PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS.
abstract: A 19-year-old male patient with congenital absence of the left pericardium, spontaneous pneumothorax, and a patent ductus is presented. The diagnosis of absence of the left pericardium was made at operation but should have been entertained preoperatively because of the concomitant occurrence of a left spontaneous pneumothorax.
authors.affiliation: Saint Benedicts Hospital, Ogden, Utah.
authors.forename: J Richard
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rees