Population receptivity to tobacco advertising/promotions and exposure to anti-tobacco media: effect of Master Settlement Agreement in California: 1992-2002.
Tobacco marketing contributes to adolescent smoking initiation, and the Master Settlement Agreement (MSA), therefore, included relevant restrictions. We analyzed data from large population surveys of Californians, conducted in 1992 (11,905 adults, ages 18 years and older), 1993 (5,531 adolescents, ages 12 to 17 years), and 1996 (6,252 adolescents, 18,616 adults) before the MSA, and in 1999 (6,090 adolescents, 14,729 adults) and 2002 (5,857 adolescents, 20,525 adults) following its implementation. Camel lost favorite-advertisement popularity after 1996, and between 1999 and 2002, there were large increases in the percentages declining to name a favorite advertisement. Ownership of tobacco promotional items declined from its peak in 1996. Furthermore, in 2002, close to 90% of adolescents and young adults reported seeing anti-tobacco messages on television in the past month, significantly higher than 1996. These trends indicate less receptivity to tobacco advertising and promotions following the MSA but leave room for additional restrictions to further reduce receptivity.
Gilpin
Elizabeth A
EA
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine; Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California, USA.
Distefan
Janet M
JM
Pierce
John P
JP
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010067:Ownership; D011639:Public Opinion; D012907:Smoking; D012926:Social Control, Formal; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014026:Nicotiana