title: Correlation of maternal plasma volume and composition with amniotic fluid index in normal human pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early in human pregnancy, maternal plasma osmolality decreases and plasma volume begins to increase. Continued plasma volume expansion is linked to fetal fluid acquisition, and ultimately normal amniotic fluid volume. Although the mechanisms for these physiological responses are uncertain, we hypothesized that the time course of maternal plasma hypotonicity, plasma volume expansion and amniotic fluid index (AFI) were interrelated. We sought to examine these interrelationships during human pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal primiparous pregnant patients had monthly determinations of plasma volume using Evans blue from the second trimester to term, and 8 weeks after delivery. At each visit, fasting, morning blood samples were also drawn to measure hematocrit, osmolality, electrolytes, urea, glucose and creatinine. AFI was determined by ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma volume, blood volume and AFI demonstrated significant increases with advancing gestational age. There were no significant changes in plasma sodium or osmolality from the second trimester to term. AFI was not associated with either plasma volume or osmolality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although similar factors may therefore be responsible for the initiation of plasma volume expansion and plasma hypotonicity, the magnitude and degree of change of these processes are probably under independent regulation. Individual patient variation in AFI is a result of factors other than maternal blood volume or composition.
authors.affiliation: Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Torrance, California, USA.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Idah
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010953:Plasma Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D012964:Sodium