title: Diflomotecan pharmacokinetics in relation to ABCG2 421C>A genotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein [BCRP]) functions as an efflux transporter for many drugs, including the topoisomerase I inhibitor diflomotecan, and is expressed at high levels in the intestine and liver. We performed an exploratory analysis to evaluate the effects of the natural allelic variant ABCG2 421C>A on the pharmacokinetics of diflomotecan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The drug was administered to 22 adult white patients with cancer as a 20-minute infusion (dose, 0.10-0.27 mg), followed 2 weeks later by an oral solution (dose, 0.10-0.35 mg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ABCG2 421C>A genotype significantly affected the pharmacokinetics of diflomotecan; in 5 patients heterozygous for this allele, plasma levels after intravenous drug administration were 299% (P =.015) of those in 15 patients with wild-type alleles, at mean values of 138 ng x h/mL x mg(-1) (95% confidence interval, 11.3-264 ng x h/mL x mg(-1)) versus 46.1 ng x h/mL x mg(-1) (95% confidence interval, 25.6-66.7 ng x h/mL x mg(-1)), respectively. Diflomotecan levels were not significantly influenced by 11 known variants in the ABCB1, ABCC2, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, and CYP3A5 genes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide the first evidence linking variant ABCG2 alleles to altered drug exposure and suggest that interindividual variability in substrate drug effects might be influenced, in part, by ABCG2 genotype.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Clinical Research Unit, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. SparrebA@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sparreboom
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gelderblom
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Ranjeet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.forename: Rosendo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Obach
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Principe
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Twelves
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: Howard L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McLeod
mesh_terms: D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; C116614:ABCG2 protein, human; D000070997:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C424962:diflomotecan; D002166:Camptothecin