title: DNA vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
abstract: Development of a vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the main hope for controlling the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pandemic. An ideal HIV vaccine should induce neutralizing antibodies, CD4+ helper T cells, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. While the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies remains a highly challenging goal, there are a number of technologies capable of inducing potent cell-mediated responses in animal models, which are now starting to be tested in humans. Naked DNA immunization is one of them. This review focuses on the stimulation of HIV-specific T cells and discusses in the context of the current 'state-of-art' of DNA vaccines, the areas where this technology might assist either alone or as a part of more complex vaccine formulations in the HIV vaccine development.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: Marie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Estcourt
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McMichael
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hanke
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA