title: Outcome of biofeedback-assisted relaxation for pain in adults with cerebral palsy: preliminary findings.
abstract: Chronic pain is a common secondary problem associated with cerebral palsy (CP). This pain may be due to the musculoskeletal problems that often accompany CP, including spasticity, scoliosis, and bony deformity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of biofeedback-assisted relaxation training on self-reported pain and muscle tension in 3 adults with CP using a multiple baseline design across subjects. Two of 3 participants reported decreases in their pain experiences posttreatment. Their subjective reports, however, did not correspond with physiological changes. Complications in the use of progressive relaxation exercises and EMG biofeedback equipment are described and suggestions for future research provided.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Box 356490, Seattle, Washington 98195-6490, USA. knowles@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Joyce M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D004401:Dysarthria / Q000628:therapy; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000628:therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D059408:Pain Management; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000628:therapy; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome