title: Glutathione-dependent biotransformation of the fungicide chlorothalonil.
abstract: A gene responsible for the chlorothalonil biotransformation was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of Ochrobactrum anthropi SH35B, capable of efficiently dissipating the chlorothalonil. The gene encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST) of O. anthropi SH35B was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the GST was subsequently purified by affinity chromatography. The fungicide chlorothalonil was rapidly transformed by the GST in the presence of glutathione. LC-MS analysis supported the formation of mono-, di-, and triglutathione conjugates of chlorothalonil by the GST. The monoglutathione conjugate was observed as an intermediate in the enzymatic reaction. The triglutathione conjugate has not been previously reported and seems to be the final metabolite in the biotransformation of chlorothalonil. The glutathione-dependent biotransformation of chlorothalonil catalyzed by the bacterial GST is reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Mog
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kunbawui
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Gil-Jae
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Eun-Mo
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Jang-Eok
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In-Koo
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Rhee
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009570:Nitriles / Q000378:metabolism*; D042041:Ochrobactrum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009570:Nitriles; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione; C005806:tetrachloroisophthalonitrile