title: Gender differences in self-reported anxiety, depression, and somatization among ecstasy/MDMA polydrug users, alcohol/tobacco users, and nondrug users.
abstract: Previous research has found gender differences in both psychological and physiological responses to drugs. The present investigation explores gender variability in patterns of drug use in relation to self-reported depression, anxiety, and somatization. The current study confirms that heavy illegal drug users are represented by a preponderance of males than females. However, within each drug group category, females generally reported higher psychopathology scores than males. This was significant for all three subscales in the alcohol/tobacco group, for depression scores in the alcohol/tobacco, cannabis/alcohol, and light Ecstasy users group, and for depression scores for the alcohol group. Interestingly, in the male sample, drug users reported higher symptom ratings than nondrug users, whereas women's scores remained constant across drug groups.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of East London, Romford Road, London E15 4LZ, UK. R.M.Milani@uel.ac.uk
authors.forename: Raffaella M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: Andy C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Parrott
authors.forename: John J D
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Helen C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006213:Hallucinogens; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012737:Sex Factors; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine