title: Abbreviated dosing of N-acetylcysteine prevents contrast-induced nephropathy after elective and urgent coronary angiography and intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have utilized low-dose regimens of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) for 48 hours to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after cardiac catheterization (cath) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A lengthy pretreatment period with NAC may not be feasible in urgent situations. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of an abbreviated, higher dose regimen of NAC for the prevention of CIN after elective and urgent coronary angiography (cath) and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 80 patients referred for elective or urgent cath and/or PCI with stable chronic renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance <50 cc/min). Patients were randomized to: NAC 1000 mg PO 1 hour before cath/PCI and 4 hours later, or placebo. All patients received hydration (0.9% saline) before and after cath/PCI (minimum total volume > or = 1500 mL). CIN was defined as an increase of Cr > or = 0.5 mg/dL or > or = 25% 48 hours after cath/PCI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIN occurred in 3 of 36 (8%) patients of the NAC group vs. 11 of 44 (25%) in the placebo group (P = 0.051; OR 3.7, 95% CI 0.94-14.4). Serum creatinine (mean +/- SD) remained stable in the NAC group after cath/PCI (2.02 +/- 0.56 vs. 2.10 +/- 0.81 mg/dL; P = 0.34), but increased after cath/PCI in the placebo group (1.93 +/- 0.53 vs. 2.10 +/- 0.74 mg/dL; P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An abbreviated, higher dose regimen of NAC prevents the rise of serum creatinine 48 hours after cath/PCI, and may prevent CIN after cath/PCI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochoa
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pellizzon
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Addala
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grines
authors.forename: Yelena
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Isayenko
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boura
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rempinski
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D000111:Acetylcysteine