title: Slow-binding inhibitors of prolyl oligopeptidase with different functional groups at the P1 site.
abstract: POP (prolyl oligopeptidase) specifically hydrolyses a number of small proline-containing peptides at the carboxy end of the proline residue and POP inhibitors have been shown to have cognition-enhancing properties. It has been noted that certain functional groups at the P1 site of the inhibitor, which correspond to the substrate residue on the N-terminal side of the bond to be cleaved, increase the inhibitory potency. However, detailed mechanistic and kinetic analysis of the inhibition has not been studied. In the present study, we examined the effect of different functional groups at the P1 site of the parent inhibitor isophthalic acid bis-(L-prolylpyrrolidine) amide on the binding kinetics to POP. Addition of CHO, CN or COCH(2)OH groups to the P1 site increased the inhibitory potency by two orders of magnitude (K(i)=11.8-0.1 nM) and caused a clear slow-binding inhibition. The inhibitor containing a CHO group had the lowest association rate constant, k(on)=(2.43+/-0.12) x 10(5) M(-1) x s(-1), whereas the inhibitor with a CN group exhibited the fastest binding, k(on)=(12.0+/-0.08)x10(5) M(-1) x s(-1). In addition, the dissociation rate was found to be crucially dependent on the type of the functional group. Compounds with COCH(2)OH and CHO groups had much longer half-lives of dissociation (over 5 h) compared with the compound with the CN group (25 min), although the K(i) values of the compounds were relatively similar. A possibility to optimize the duration of inhibition by changing the functional group at the P1 site is important when planning therapeutically useful POP inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. Jarkko.Venalainen@uku.fi
authors.forename: Jarkko I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Venäläinen
authors.forename: Risto O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Juvonen
authors.forename: J Arturo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garcia-Horsman
authors.forename: Erik A A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Wallén
authors.forename: Johannes A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Christiaans
authors.forename: Elina M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jarho
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gynther
authors.forename: Pekka T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Männistö
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010795:Phthalic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000085822:Prolyl Oligopeptidases; D011485:Protein Binding; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D010795:Phthalic Acids; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D000085822:Prolyl Oligopeptidases