title: The efficacy of two methods of ankle immobilization in reducing gastrocnemius, soleus, and peroneal muscle activity during stance phase of gait.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immobilization to limit muscle activity is a common therapeutic and posttreatment event. There are potential time and resource savings if a prefabricated boot can replace a custom applied cast. The purpose of this study was to determine if muscle activity reduction is similar using a fiberglass cast versus a prefabricated (Aircast FoamWalker) boot.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface EMG data were recorded from the gastrocnemius, soleus, and peroneals of 12 normal adults while walking barefoot, in a fiberglass cast with a cast shoe (cast), and while wearing an Aircast FoamWalker (boot). Subjects walked at their self-selected speed for 10 trials in each condition, and the order of barefoot, cast, and boot was randomly assigned. The data were rectified, integrated across stance phase and normalized to a percent of each subject's barefoot mean integrated EMG (iEMG) value. For each muscle, a linear mixed-effects statistical model (subject by trial by condition) was utilized to determine if iEMG activity levels were reduced by immobilization compared to barefoot walking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Activity for all muscles was significantly lower in the boot compared with barefoot (p <.05). The cast iEMG levels were significantly different from barefoot for the soleus and peroneals (p <.05). Gastrocnemius activity was significantly decreased in the boot when compared with the cast (p <.0001). The greater reduction in iEMG levels for the boot indicates that it is superior to a fiberglass cast in reducing gastrocnemius muscle activity during the stance phase of gait.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data show that a prefabricated boot is as effective as a custom applied cast in reducing soleus and peroneal muscle iEMG during stance phase. The boot was more effective in reducing gastrocnemius activity when compared to the cast.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that a prefabricated boot may be used in place of a custom cast when the goal of treatment is to limit muscle activity of the leg.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. kadel@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kadel
authors.forename: Ava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orendurff
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shofer
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sangeorzan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012775:Shoes; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology