title: Respiratory movements are altered three months and one year following cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulmonary complications following cardiac surgery through sternotomy are well known, but little is known about the proposed alterations of the chest wall mechanism. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in chest wall motion and pulmonary function after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 20 cardiac surgery patients, 13 men and 7 women, mean age 65 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral respiratory movements were measured using the Respiratory Movement Measuring Instrument before, 3 and 12 months after the operation. Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1) were measured with the Pulminet III (Gold Godart Ltd Vitalograph Alpha Ltd. Maids Morton, Buckingham, England) preoperatively, 3 and 12 months postoperatively, and radiographs were taken at the same points in time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used for analyses, p < or = 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average abdominal movements 3 months postoperatively were significantly decreased and the difference between right and left side in upper thoracic and abdominal movements was significant. All pulmonary function measurements except the FEV1/FVC showed a significant decrease and a restrictive pattern compared with preoperative values. Twelve months after the operation the upper thoracic movements were significantly increased. Five patients had an abnormal chest x-ray before the operation, eight 3 months and three 12 months after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The motor system of the respiratory organs suffers considerable injury from cardiac surgery, which in part at least can explain the restrictive breathing 3 months postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation Department, Landspítali University Hospital, Hringbraut, IS-1101 Reykjavík, Iceland. asdiskri@landspitali.is
authors.forename: Asdís
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kristjánsdóttir
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ragnarsdóttir
authors.forename: Pétur
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hannesson
authors.forename: Hans Jakob
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Bjarni
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Torfason
mesh_terms: D034861:Abdominal Wall / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008176:Lung Volume Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013147:Spirometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000502:physiology; D014109:Total Lung Capacity