title: Cataract in atomic bomb survivors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ophthalmologic examinations were conducted on atomic bomb (A-bomb) survivors 55 years after exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A-bomb survivors who had been exposed before 13 years of age at the time of the bombings in 1945 or who had been examined in a previous study between 1978 and 1980. The examinations, conducted between June 2000 and September 2002, included slit-lamp examination, digital photography and a cataract grading system for three parts of the lens (nucleus, cortex and posterior subcapsule) as an outcome variable. Proportional odds logistic regression analysis was conducted using the lowest grading class as a reference and included explanatory variables such as age, sex, city, dose and various cataract-related risk factors. When the grades in an individual differed, the worst grade was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results indicate that odds ratios (ORs) at 1 Sv were 1.07 (95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.90, 1.27) in nuclear colour, 1.12 (95% CI 0.94, 1.30) in nuclear cataract, 1.29 (95% CI 1.12, 1.49) in cortical cataract and 1.41 (95% CI 1.21, 1.64) in posterior subcapsular cataract. The same was true after excluding 13 people whose posterior subcapsular cataracts had been previously detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant radiation effects were observed in two types of cataracts in A-bomb survivors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshitani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumagami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amemiya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neriishi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hida
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akahoshi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002386:Cataract / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009689:Nuclear Warfare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*