title: Urokinase-type plasminogen activator system in breast cancer: association with tamoxifen therapy in recurrent disease.
abstract: The prognostic value of components of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system, its receptor uPAR (CD87), and plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2 is well established. We studied the predictive value of these proteolytic factors by evaluating the association of their tumor expression level and the efficacy of tamoxifen therapy in patients with recurrent breast cancer. The antigen levels of the four factors were determined by ELISA in cytosols prepared from estrogen receptor-positive primary breast tumors of 691 hormone-naive breast cancer patients with recurrent disease and treated with tamoxifen as first-line systemic therapy. High tumor levels of uPA (P < 0.001), uPAR (P < 0.01), and PAI-1 (P = 0.01) were associated with a lower efficacy of tamoxifen therapy. In the multivariable analysis, uPA (P < 0.001) provided additional information independent of the traditional predictive factors to predict benefit from tamoxifen therapy. High levels of uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 predicted a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) on tamoxifen in an analysis of the first 9 months of therapy. However in the analysis during the total follow-up period, high PAI-2 levels (P = 0.01) showed a longer response to tamoxifen. In conclusion, uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1, components of the urokinase system, are predictive for the efficacy of tamoxifen therapy in patients treated for recurrent breast cancer. Knowledge of their tumor expression levels might be helpful for future individualized therapy protocols, including possible new-targeted therapies based on the interference in the urokinase system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus-MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.e.meijer@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Marion E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Meijer-van Gelder
authors.forename: Maxime P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Look
authors.forename: Harry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brünner
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harbeck
authors.forename: Jan G M
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Klijn
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Foekens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C524898:PLAUR protein, human; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D013629:Tamoxifen; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator