title: Increased risk of suicide among patients with breast implants: do the epidemiologic data support psychiatric consultation?
abstract: Four epidemiologic studies have examined mortality among women with cosmetic silicone gel-filled breast implants and have found that risk of death from suicide is two- to threefold higher in this group than among women of comparable age in the general population. The authors review the literature on the psychological and psychiatric hypotheses concerning women undergoing plastic surgery, although these hypotheses do not specifically address the association with suicide. Epidemiologic research is urgently needed to evaluate whether this association is an artifact of a higher prevalence of underlying and unreported psychopathology and other risk factors for suicide among women receiving breast implants or whether implants have an actual causal role in the risk of suicide. Until such studies are completed, psychiatric consultation should be considered before breast augmentation, especially for patients perceived to be at high risk by the plastic surgeon.
authors.affiliation: International Epidemiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilty University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. jkm@iei.ws
authors.forename: Joseph K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Thomas N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lipworth
mesh_terms: D019928:Breast Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D018427:Breast Implants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003376:Counseling; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000523:psychology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D000092864:Suicide Prevention