title: Suboptimal exposure to facial expressions when viewing video messages from a small screen: effects on emotion, attention, and memory.
abstract: The authors examined the effects of suboptimally presented facial expressions on emotional and attentional responses and memory among 39 young adults viewing video (business news) messages from a small screen. Facial electromyography (EMG) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were used as physiological measures of emotion and attention, respectively. Several congruency priming effects were found. In particular, happy facial primes prompted increased (a) pleasure ratings, (b) orbicularis oculi EMG activity, (c) perceived trustworthiness, and (d) recognition memory for video messages with a positive emotional tone. Emotional and other responses to video messages presented on a small screen can be modified with suboptimal affective primes, but even small differences in the emotional tone of the messages should be allowed for.
authors.affiliation: M.I.N.D. Lab, Center for Knowledge and Innovation Research, Helsinki School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland. ravaja@hkkk.fi
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ravaja
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kallinen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saari
authors.forename: Liisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keltikangas-Jarvinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001288:Attention; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014743:Videotape Recording; D014796:Visual Perception