title: Minimally invasive patent ductus arteriosus occlusion in 5 dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a technique for minimally invasive occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and outcome in 5 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five, 4-6-month-old, dogs with PDA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Titanium ligating clips were used for PDA closure in all dogs. Three dogs had video-enhanced mini-thoracotomy PDA occlusion. Two other dogs had thoracoscopic PDA occlusion using a custom-designed thoracoscopy clip applicator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thoracoscopic PDA occlusion was successful in both dogs in which it was attempted. Complete PDA closure was achieved in 4 dogs. Three months after surgery, the largest dog had residual ductal flow that hemodynamically was insignificant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although technically demanding, minimally invasive PDA occlusion is a safe and reliable technique in dogs. Preoperative measurement of the diameter of the PDA is crucial to determine if complete closure with metal clips can be achieved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive PDA occlusion should be considered as an alternative to occlusion via conventional thoracotomy.
authors.affiliation: CERA-IMM Recherche, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France. nicolas.borenstein@imm.fr
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Borenstein
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Behr
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chetboul
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicole
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacquet
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carlos
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Retortillo
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fayolle
authors.forename: Jean Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pouchelon
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Laborde
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000662:veterinary*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000662:veterinary; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000662:veterinary; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000662:veterinary