title: Persistent activation of the Akt pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a potential target for UCN-01.
abstract: Squamous carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) represent the sixth most common cancer among men worldwide and a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to its relatively poor prognosis. As part of ongoing studies addressing the molecular events underlying tumor progression in HNSCC, we have explored the nature of the proliferative pathways in which dysregulation may promote aberrant cell growth in this tumor type. The serine/threonine protein kinase Akt is a downstream target of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and a key regulator of normal and cancerous growth and cell fate decisions. Therefore, in this study, we have examined the status of activation of Akt in different stages of squamous cell carcinoma development in mice and in clinical samples from HNSCC patients. By immunohistochemical analysis, using a recently developed phosphorylation state-specific antibody, we demonstrated that Akt activation correlates closely with the progression of mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma. We also observed that activation of Akt is a frequent event in human HNSCC because active Akt can be detected in these tumors with a pattern of expression and localization correlating with the progression of the lesions. In line with these observations, Akt was constitutively activated in a large fraction of HNSCC-derived cell lines. We also provide evidence that the Akt signaling pathway may represent a biologically relevant target for a novel antineoplastic agent, UCN-01, which recently has been shown to be active in cellular and xenograft models for HNSCC at concentrations safely achievable in clinically relevant situations.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Panomwat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amornphimoltham
authors.forename: Virote
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sriuranpong
authors.forename: Vyomesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benavides
authors.forename: Claudio J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sauk
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sausville
authors.forename: Alfredo A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Molinolo
authors.forename: J Silvio
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gutkind
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019311:Staurosporine; C054852:7-hydroxystaurosporine; C494918:AKT1 protein, human