title: A rat neurodevelopmental evaluation of offspring, including evaluation of adult and neonatal thyroid, from mothers treated with ammonium perchlorate in drinking water.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential neurodevelopmental toxicity of perchlorate exposure during gestation and the first 10 days of lactation. Mated Sprague-Dawley rats (25/exposure group) were given continual access to 0, 0.1, 1.0, 3.0, or 10.0 mg/kg-day ammonium perchlorate (AP) in drinking water, starting gestation day 0 (mating) through lactation day 10 (DL 10). One pup/sex/litter/exposure group was assigned to (1) juvenile brain weights, morphometry, and neuropathology; (2) passive avoidance and watermaze testing; (3) motor activity and auditory startle habituation; and (4) adult regional brain weights, morphometry, and neuropathology. AP had no effect on body weights, feed consumption, clinical observations, or sexual maturation of pups at exposures as high as 10.0 mg/kg-day. There were no behavioral effects in the offspring exposed as high as 10.0 mg/kg-day as evaluated by passive avoidance, swimming watermaze, motor activity, and auditory startle. Increases in hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid follicular epithelium and a decrease in the thyroid follicle size were observed in culled male pups in the 10.0 mg/kg-day group on DL 5. The exposure level for effects on triiodothyroxine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels for pups were 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg-day, respectively. There was an apparent increase in the thickness of the corpus callosum of the 10 mg/kg-day group pups on DL 12. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for maternal toxicity was greater than 10.0 mg/kg-day. Based on the thyroid morphometric and histopathologic findings, the NOAEL for pup toxicity was 0.1 mg/kg-day.
authors.affiliation: Argus Division-DDS, Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Horsham, Pennsylvania 19044, USA. raymond.york@argus.criver.com
authors.forename: Raymond G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: York
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: W Ray
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Garman
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mattie
authors.forename: Darol
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dodd
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010472:Perchlorates / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000097:blood; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D010472:Perchlorates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C053506:ammonium perchlorate