title: Assessment of depression prevalence in rural Uganda using symptom and function criteria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to assess the prevalence of major depression in a region of sub-Saharan Africa severely affected by HIV, using symptom and functional criteria as measured with locally validated instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred homes in the Masaka and Rakai districts of southwest Uganda were selected by weighted systematic random sampling. A locally validated version of the depression section of the Hopkins Symptom Check List (DHSCL) and a community-generated index of functional impairment were used to interview 587 respondents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of respondents, 21% were diagnosed with depression using three of the five DSM-IV criteria (including function impairment) compared with 24.4% using symptom criteria alone. Increased age and lower educational levels are associated with a greater risk for depression; however, a gender effect was not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most community-based assessments of depression in sub-Saharan Africa based on the DSM-IV have used symptom criteria only. We found that expanding criteria to more closely match the complete DSM-IV is feasible, thereby making more accurate assessments of prevalence possible. This approach suggests that major depression and associated functional impairment are a substantial problem in this population.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston (MA), USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wilk
authors.forename: Lincoln
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ndogoni
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014454:Uganda / Q000453:epidemiology