title: Diffusion of lactate and ammonium in relation to growth of Geotrichum candidum at the surface of solid media.
abstract: Geotrichum candidum was cultivated at the surface of solid model media containing peptone to simulate the composition of Camembert cheese. The surface growth of G. candidum induced the diffusion of substrates from the core to the rind and the diffusion of produced metabolites from the rind to the core. In the range of pH measured during G. candidum growth, constant diffusion coefficients were found for lactate and ammonium, 0.4 and 0.8 cm(2) day(-1), respectively, determined in sterile culture medium. Growth kinetics are described using the Verlhust model and both lactate consumption and ammonium production are considered as partially linked to growth. The experimental diffusion gradients of lactate and ammonium recorded during G. candidum growth have been fitted. The diffusion/reaction model was found to match with experimental data until the end of growth, except with regard to ammonium concentration gradients in the presence of lactate in the medium. Indeed, G. candidum preferentially assimilated peptone over lactate as a carbon source, resulting in an almost cessation of ammonium release before the end of growth. On peptone, it was found that the proton transfer did not account for the ammonium concentration gradients. Indeed, amino acids, being positively charged, are involved in the proton transfer at the beginning of growth. This effect can be neglected in the presence of lactate within the medium, and the sum of both lactate consumption and ammonium release gradients corresponded well to the proton transfer gradients, confirming that both components are responsible for the pH increase observed during the ripening of soft Camembert cheese.
authors.affiliation: Université de Rennes I, Laboratoire des Procédés de Séparation (UPRES EA 3191, UC I.N.R.A.), Campus de Beaulieu, Båtiment 10A, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aldarf
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fourcade
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amrane
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Prigent
mesh_terms: D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D004058:Diffusion; D005848:Geotrichum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D010461:Peptones / Q000737:chemistry*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D010461:Peptones; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D019344:Lactic Acid