title: Variable hypocoagulant effect of fish oil intake in humans: modulation of fibrinogen level and thrombin generation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The beneficial effect of dietary fish oil, rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), on cardiovascular disease is multifactorial and may partly rely on their anticoagulant action. We studied how fish oil intake influenced thrombin generation in plasma and which factors were involved herein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five healthy males with borderline overweight received 3.0 g omega-3 PUFAs daily for 4 weeks. Fish oil intake reduced plasma triglycerides and lowered platelet integrin activation, as well as plasma levels of fibrinogen and factor V, but had no effect on vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Before fish oil intake, thrombin generation (reflecting the coagulant potential) considerably varied between plasmas from individual subjects, which were partly explained by variation in prothrombin, antithrombin, fibrinogen, and factor V levels. Fish oil intake reduced thrombin generation in the presence and absence of platelets. This reduction correlated with the fish oil effect on fibrinogen and factor V levels. Interestingly, the lowering effect of fish oil on thrombin generation and fibrinogen clustered around subjects with high fibrinogen carrying a structural fibrinogen alpha-chain polymorphism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dietary omega-3 PUFAs provoke a hypocoagulant, vitamin K-independent effect in humans, the degree of which may depend on fibrinogen level. Intake of fish oil reduced fibrinogen and factor V levels as well as thrombin generation in plasma. The effects on thrombin generation and fibrinogen clustered around subjects with high fibrinogen carrying alpha-chain fibrinogen polymorphism. Thus, dietary fish oil can provoke a hypocoagulant effect depending on the fibrinogen level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research and Cardiovascular Research Institutes of Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Kristof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vanschoonbeek
authors.forename: Marion A H
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Feijge
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paquay
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosing
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: Cornelis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kluft
authors.forename: Peter L A
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Giesen
authors.forename: Moniek P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Maat
authors.forename: Johan W M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Heemskerk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D015992:Body Mass Index; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005165:Factor V / Q000032:analysis; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013917:Thrombin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D014280:Triglycerides; C082835:thrombin receptor peptide (42-47); D005165:Factor V; D005340:Fibrinogen; D013917:Thrombin