title: Influence of electrical parameters in the iontophoretic delivery of a small peptide: in vitro studies using arginine-vasopressin as a model peptide.
abstract: The present investigation was carried out to understand the influence of electrical parameters on iontophoretic transport of a small peptide like arginine-vasopressin (AVP). In vitro studies using rat skin were conducted to assess the effect of different current densities (CDs), durations, duty cycles and alternating polarity on vasopressin permeation. HPLC was used for ensuring electrochemical stability of the peptide whereas FT-IR and TGA were used to understand the biophysical changes caused in skin due to passage of current. Application of CD > 0.75 mA/cm(2) was found to compromise skin barrier integrity as well as electrochemical stability. Periodic current did not show any significant difference in permeation compared to continuous current. Alternating polarity was useful in reducing pH shift however, was less efficient compared to continuous direct current. FT-IR and TGA studies showed that skin hydration increased as a function of CD and duration and all the results could be explained on the basis of increased skin hydration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector-67, SAS Nagar 160062, Punjab, India.
authors.forename: Vinod B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panchagnula
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D004563:Electrochemistry; D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D014867:Water; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin