Ocular manifestations and concepts of systemic vasculitides.
Vasculitic disorders are relatively rare. Their etiology and pathophysiology remain enigmatic, leading to confusing nomenclature and multiple classification schemes. Untreated vasculitis can be fatal. Early diagnosis is the key to successful treatment and better prognosis. However, early diagnosis can be difficult; vasculitic conditions usually present with non-specific symptoms for a long period before clinically overt manifestations occur. Ophthalmologists should be familiar with the ocular manifestations of the vasculitic disorders because they may not only be sight-threatening, but more importantly could be the presenting manifestations of active, potentially lethal systemic disease. This review summarizes clinical and ocular manifestations of systemic vasculitic disorders. Furthermore, it discusses general concepts in diagnosis and treatment of these diseases in an effort to provide a practical framework for the ophthalmologist evaluating patients with vasculitis.
Perez
Victor L
VL
Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Immunology and Uveitis Service, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Chavala
Sai H
SH
Ahmed
Muna
M
Chu
David
D
Zafirakis
Panos
P
Baltatzis
Stefanos
S
Ocampo
Vicente
V
Foster
C Stephen
CS
D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy