title: MR imaging in the presurgical workup of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether an epileptic lesion is detected with MR imaging depends on the quality of the images and the expertise of the reader. We analyzed the role of 1.5-T MR imaging in the presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy at one center.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 2-year prospective study, 385 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy underwent standardized MR imaging at 1.5 T. We analyzed whether lesions were detected, whether they were precisely characterized by MR imaging, and whether lesion characterization allowed us to estimate seizure outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lesions were found on MR images in 318 patients (83%). Following presurgical evaluation, 209 (66%) underwent surgery, and 109 (34%) did not. Freedom from seizures was achieved in 130 (70%) of 186 patients. Nine (14%) of 66 patients without an MR imaging lesion underwent surgery; histopathologic findings were unrevealing in seven patients, and five (56%) achieved freedom from seizures. Hippocampal sclerosis was the most common lesion (52%) and correctly characterized in 101 (97%) of 104 patients. Glioneuronal tumors (20%) were sometimes imprecisely characterized: Four nonenhancing gangliogliomas were mistaken for focal cortical dysplasias. Outcomes were not different between lesion groups. However, there were trends toward a favorable outcome for focal cortical dysplasias with balloon cells and an unfavorable outcome for gyral scars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging detection of lesions influences further presurgical workup, though lesion characterization does not allow us to predict seizure outcome. If MR imaging fails to depict a lesion and patients undergo surgery because of electrophysiologic findings, histopathologic findings are often unrevealing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Germany.
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Urbach
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hattingen
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: von Oertzen
authors.forename: Cordelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luyken
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Clusmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kral
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurthen
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blümcke
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Schild
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies