title: Retinopathy and microalbuminuria in type II diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of retinopathy and microalbuminuria and their correlation in type II diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study 590 patients suffering from diabetes type II were examined. Fundoscopy was performed by practising ophthalmologist. The ratio of urinary albumin to creatinine was assessed by clinitek 100 (Bayer corporation-USA). HbA1C, height and weight also were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of retinopathy was 39.3% (232 patients), 5.4% of which showed to be proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). The diabetic retinopathy had significant inverse correlation with body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.02). HbA1C was higher in patients with PDR (mean = 10.5%) than in patients with no signs of retinopathy (mean = 9.5%) and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 25.9% while 14.5% of the patients revealed to have macroalbuminuria. As expected, diabetic retinopathy and renal involvement were highly positively correlated. (P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microalbuminuria is associated with diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients and is a reliable marker of retinopathy.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. mr_manaviat@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Masoud R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Manaviat
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afkhami
authors.forename: Mohammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Shoja
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin