title: Swab cultures accurately identify bacterial pathogens in diabetic foot wounds not involving bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current clinical practice assumes swab cultures from wounds are unreliable. However, this assumption is based upon data culled only from wounds in which osteomyelitis and/or gangrene were present. This study aimed to re-evaluate the accuracy of swab cultures vs. deep tissue cultures in diabetic wounds of varying depth and severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 infected diabetic foot wounds were cultured. Two specimens were taken from each wound: superficial swab before debridement and deep tissue specimen towards the end of surgical debridement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 37 wounds (62%), the micro-organisms isolated from the swab specimen and those isolated from the deep tissue specimen were identical. In another 12 wounds (20%), the swab culture contained all micro-organisms isolated from the deep tissue culture, but also contained additional micro-organisms. Analysis according to the depth of the wound, demonstrated that swabs identified all micro-organisms isolated from the deep tissue specimens in 36/40 wounds (90%) that did not extend to bone as opposed to 13/20 wounds (65%) that extended to bone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Swab cultures are valuable in identifying pathogens in diabetic foot wounds when bone is not involved. When surgical debridement is contraindicated or delayed, swab cultures can be used to select appropriate antibiotic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Unit, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel. slater@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lazarovitch
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boldur
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ramot
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buchs
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hindi
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rapoport
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D003646:Debridement; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000382:microbiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents