title: Further recovery in a potential treatment withdrawal case 10 years after brain injury.
abstract: A young woman was rendered tetraplegic and anarthric as a result of a traumatic brain injury in 1993. Two years later, she was considered to be in a minimally conscious state and became the subject of legal debate in the UK with regard to withdrawal of artificial feeding and hydration. Before injury, she made a verbal advanced directive that she would not wish to continue living if ever becoming severely disabled. Neuropsychological assessment found statistically significant evidence for sentience and expression of a wish to live and the application to Court was withdrawn. Further meaningful recovery occurred between 7-10 years after injury. She now lives in the community with 24 hour care. She speaks, initiates conversation and actions, expresses clear and consistent preferences and has a spontaneous sense of humour. She uses an electric wheelchair, eats solid food and drinks through a straw. Her mood is variable and sometimes low. This case demonstrates the need for careful consideration of advanced directives and for specialist neuropsychological assessment in people with severe cognitive and communication difficulties. It supports the view that routine assessment and follow-up of people thought to be in minimally conscious states is important. In addition, it shows that recovery with reduction in disability and significant implications for quality of life can continue for at least 10 years after extremely severe traumatic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: Psychological Medicine, University of Glasgow, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, Glasgow, UK. t.m.mcmillan@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: McMillan
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Herbert
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D016223:Advance Directives / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000339:Affect; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018458:Persistent Vegetative State / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D028761:Withholding Treatment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence