title: Pregnancy by insemination of cryopreserved spermatozoa from a man with retrograde ejaculation: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Owing to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, spinal injuries and aggressive surgical treatment of cancer, the number of younger patients with retrograde ejaculation is increasing. Since medical treatment to restore antegrade ejaculation often fails, several options for accomplishing insemination by these patients, including the use of sperm-rich urine obtained after masturbation and in vitro fertilization with sperm retrieved from the seminal tract, have been reported. We used the least invasive and most inexpensive procedure in a patient/couple with this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 23-year-old man suffered from retrograde ejaculation after a spinal injury. He could achieve erection and engage in sexual intercourse but seldom had an orgasm or the sensation of ejaculation. We obtained spermatozoa from urine produced after masturbation at home and froze them. We used these frozen-thawed spermatozoa for intrauterine insemination, leading to the term birth of a healthy infant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In selected patient/couples, frozen spermatozoa obtained from postmasturbation urine can be used successfully for intrauterine insemination. This minimally invasive and most inexpensive procedure should be tried before planning in vitro fertilization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Department of Organ Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. okada@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goda
authors.forename: Mitsunobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koshida
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamidono
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004542:Ejaculation; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial; D008297:Male; D008418:Masturbation; D012662:Semen Preservation; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology