title: Usefulness of a cube-copying test in outpatients with dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify whether a quantitatively scored cube-copying test could rapidly assess dementia patients, predicting thier performance in cognitive tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 171 outpatients with amnesia who were including 92 with Alzheimer's disease (AD); 59 vascular dementia (VD); 17 frontotemporal dementia (FTD); and three lewy body disease (DLB) and 32 normal healthy subjects. Subjects asked to copy a perspective drawing of a cube. Points of connection and plane-orientation errors were scored using Maeshima's method. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), an auditory verbal learning test (AVLT), a word fluency test and Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) were administered. Age, clinical disease severity, symptom duration, specific diagnosis and neuropsychological scores were evaluated for relationships with constructional ability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cube-copying test showed errors in most dementia patients and 11 of 32 normal subjects. Only three patients each with AD and VD copied correctly, but 11 patients with 17 FTD drew the cube correctly. Numbers of connections completed and plane-orientation errors correlated significantly with MMSE, AVLT, word fluency and RCPM scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cube-copying test is useful for routine clinical dementia screening, however the test examines only one aspect of cognitive function. While not an alternative to conventional neuropsychological examinations, quantitatively scored cube copying can provide a rough estimate of cognitive dysfunction in dementia patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Wakayama Medical University, Japan. maeshima@wakayama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeshima
authors.forename: Aiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maeshima
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimamoto
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakishita
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriwaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000647:Amnesia / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003071:Cognition; D003704:Dementia / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011581:Psychological Tests