title: Incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infection among dogs in a small animal intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine incidence of and possible risk factors for catheter-associated urinary tract infection (UTI) among dogs hospitalized in an intensive care unit and compare results of bacterial culture of urine samples with results of bacterial culture of catheter tips.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  39 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standard protocol for aseptic catheter placement and maintenance was used. Urine samples were obtained daily and submitted for bacterial culture. When possible, the urinary catheter tip was collected aseptically at the time of catheter removal and submitted for bacterial culture. Bacteria that were obtained were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.
  
  
  RESULTS
  4 of the 39 (10.3%) dogs developed a UTI. The probability of remaining free from UTI after 1 day in the intensive care unit was 94.9%, and the probability of remaining free from UTI after 4 days was 63.3%. Bacteria isolates were generally common urinary tract pathogens and were susceptible to most antimicrobials. Specific risk factors for catheter-associated UTI, beyond a lack of antimicrobial administration, were not identified. Positive predictive value of bacterial culture of urinary catheter tips was only 25%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that placement of an indwelling urinary catheter in dogs is associated with a low risk of catheter-associated UTI during the first 3 days after catheter placement, provided that adequate precautions are taken for aseptic catheter placement and maintenance. Results of bacterial culture of urinary catheter tips should not be used to predict whether dogs developed catheter-associated UTI.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Sean D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Smarick
authors.forename: Steve C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Haskins
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aldrich
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Philip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Kass
authors.forename: Mack
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fudge
authors.forename: Gerald V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology