Very low-fat (12%) and high monounsaturated fat (35%) diets do not differentially affect abdominal fat loss in overweight, nondiabetic women.
Studies in women with type 2 diabetes demonstrated adverse effects on body fat distribution of a low-fat diet relative to a high monounsaturated fat diet. We performed a randomized 12-wk parallel design study of two 6000-kJ diets: 35% energy from fat (high monounsaturated fat diet, HIMO), or 12% energy from fat (very low-fat diet, VLF) to determine whether this also occurred in nondiabetic women. Body fat distribution, fasting plasma glucose, blood pressure, and fasting serum lipids were measured at wk 0 and 12 in 62 women (BMI > 27 kg/m(2)). Weight loss (9.5 +/- 2.4 vs. 9.4 +/- 3.4 kg, VLF vs. HIMO) and total fat loss (6.1 +/- 2.4 vs. 6.3 +/- 2.7 kg, VLF vs. HIMO) did not differ in the groups. There was a diet x menopausal status interaction in lean mass changes (P = 0.005) such that in premenopausal women, HIMO produced a lower loss of lean mass than the low-fat diet (0.4 +/- 2.3 vs. 2.9 +/- 2.7 kg, P = 0.006) with the opposite but nonsignificant effect seen in postmenopausal women. There was a greater decrease in total plasma cholesterol in women who consumed VLF compared with those who consumed HIMO (0.82 +/- 0.0.51 vs. 0.50 +/- 0.48 mmol/L, P < 0.001 for time, P < 0.05 for diet effect). This was also true for the change in HDL cholesterol (0.18 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.19 mmol/L, VLF and HIMO, respectively, P < 0.001 for time, P < 0.05 for diet effect). The LDL/HDL ratio was reduced in both groups with no effect of diet (0.16 +/- 0.51 vs. 0.16 +/- 0.45, VLF and HIMO, respectively, P < 0.05). In conclusion, weight, total fat mass, and regional fat mass loss did not differ in the 2 groups of women but there was an apparent preservation of lean mass in premenopausal women consuming HIMO.
Clifton
Peter M
PM
CSIRO Health Sciences and Nutrition, Adelaide BC, South Australia 5000. peter.clifton@hsn.csiro.au
Noakes
Manny
M
Keogh
Jennifer B
JB
D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000378:metabolism; D017697:Premenopause / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D001786:Blood Glucose; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids