title: A comparison of callus induction and plant regeneration from different embryo explants of triticale (x Triticosecale wittmack).
abstract: Immature, mature and endosperm-supported mature embryos of six triticale cultivars (BDMT-98-8S, Melez-2001, Mikham-2002, Presto, Tacettin Bey and Tatlicak-97) were cultured in vitro to compare the levels of callus induction and plant regeneration. Immature embryos, 15-18 days after anthesis, were aseptically excised and placed with the scutellum upwards on a callus culture medium consisting of Murashige and Skoog (MS) mineral salts supplemented with 2 mg l(-1) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Mature embryos were aseptically excised from the imbibed seeds and placed scutellum up on MS medium supplement with 2 mg l(-1) 2,4-D. Endosperm-supported mature embryos were moved slightly in the imbibed mature seeds. The seeds with moved embryos were placed furrow downwards in dishes containing 8 mg l(-1) 2,4-D for callus induction. The developed calli and regenerated plants were maintained on hormone-free MS medium. Variability among the genotypes was observed for all the types of embryo culture. Immature embryos from "Presto" and endosperm-supported mature embryos from "Mikham 2002" had excellent regeneration capacities (92.0% and 97.3%, respectively) and the highest number of plants regenerated growing in soil (9 and 13, respectively). A comparison of the responses of the three explants used indicated that the endosperm-supported mature embryo was the most useful explant for plant regeneration in triticale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ankara, 06110 Diskapi, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Malahat A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Birsin
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozgen
mesh_terms: D002523:Edible Grain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D005838:Genotype; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques