title: Effects of carbon dioxide pneumoretroperitoneum on free radical formation in remote organs and use of verapamil as an antioxidant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pneumoretroperitoneum (Prp) acts as an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury causes production of reactive oxygen species, which affect organs remote from the sites of I/R. The aim of this study was to assess the remote organ changes after Prp and to explore the effects of antioxidants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen adult rabbits were randomized to three groups, each consisting of six rabbits. Group I (control) underwent balloon dissection of the left retroperitoneal space without gas insufflation. In group II (Prp), carbon dioxide at 10 mm Hg was applied for 2 hours after the balloon dissection (ischemia period) and for 1 hour after desufflation (reperfusion period). In group III (Prp + antioxidant), 5 minutes before the experiment, verapamil at 0.2 mg/kg was given intravenously and the same procedure was employed as in group II. Hepatic, pulmonary, opposite kidney, and treated kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated to show response to Prp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pneumoretroperitoneum exerted oxidative stress on all tissues with an increase of MDA (P < 0.05) and a decrease of GSH (P < 0.05). The verapamil-treated group showed lower values of MDA (P < 0.05) and higher values of GSH (P < 0.05) than group II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pneumoretroperitoneum increased oxidative stress in all remote organs tested. Verapamil reduced the oxidative stress. We concluded that Prp should be employed carefully in patients with limited vital organ capacity. Verapamil administration may be considered for protection against tissue injury attributable to oxidative stress in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. cemguler@superonline.com
authors.forename: Cem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guler
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samli
authors.forename: Yasemin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demirbas
authors.forename: Asuman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kilinç
authors.forename: Ender
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ellidokuz
authors.forename: Cetin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dincel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D005740:Gases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D011027:Pneumoperitoneum / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005609:Free Radicals; D005740:Gases; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014700:Verapamil