title: Interventional EUS cholangiography: A report of five cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ERCP may be unsuccessful because of the presence of a complex peripapillary diverticulum, prior surgery, obstructing tumor, papillary stenosis, or impacted stones. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is a classic technique for accessing the bile duct and remains the primary alternative when biliary ERCP is unsuccessful. With the evolution of interventional EUS, additional options are available for management of biliary obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  EUS cholangiography was performed, after which the puncture was enlarged to form an enterocholedochal fistula that was used for interventions that resulted in biliary decompression in 5 patients with obstructive jaundice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cholangiography was readily performed in all 5 patients. In one patient, a guidewire could not be manipulated across the papilla via the enterocholedochal fistula, necessitating percutaneous intervention. Biliary decompression was achieved in the other 4 patients, in the last two, as a single procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interventional EUS cholangiography is a new technique that allows drainage of a dilated biliary system when the bile duct is inaccessible by conventional ERCP.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Health Center of Excellence, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, 22908-0708, USA.
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahaleh
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yeaton
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015641:Radiography, Interventional