title: Pediatric craniofacial fractures: long-term consequences.
abstract: Pediatric craniofacial fractures are distinct from adult fractures because of the anatomical differences that result in unique fracture patterns and challenges in management. The unanswered question remains the outcome with regards to subsequent growth and development. Upon review of all primary craniofacial fractures treated at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, the authors find that the majority are associated with favorable long-term outcome. Severe centrofacial bony and cartilaginous injury may result ingrowth and developmental anomalies in up to 40% of patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Davinder J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Scott P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012886:Skull / Q000254:growth & development*; D012887:Skull Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery