title: Effect of iron supplementation on cognition in Greek preschoolers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine effects of iron supplementation on vigilance, attention and conceptual learning in preschool children in Greece.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled trial of iron. Randomization stratified by iron status and day care center (DCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine public DCCs in Athens, Greece.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 49 3-4-y olds (21 anemic, 28 good iron status) with birth weight not less than 2500 g, currently healthy; benign past medical history, IQ > or =1 s.d. below the age-adjusted mean, serum Pb < or =200 ppb (none exceeded 50 ppb), and height, weight and head circumference for age > or =10th percentile. Anemia defined as: (1) pretreatment Hgb <112 g/l and TS <16% and ferritin <12 microg/L OR (2) Hgb rise of >10 g/l (T2-T0) with iron supplementation. Good iron status was defined as baseline levels of Hgb >120 g/l and either TS >20% or serum ferritin >12 microg/l.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intervention consisted of a 2-month supplementation of 15 mg iron (and MV) vs placebo (MV alone).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After iron treatment, the anemic subjects made significantly fewer errors of commission (14% higher specificity, P<0.05), exhibited 8% higher accuracy (P<0.05) and were significantly more efficient (mean difference=1.09, P<0.05) than those given placebo. These effects of iron were not found among preschoolers with good iron status. No effects of iron treatment were found on the Oddity Learning task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that iron supplementation of iron-deficient anemic preschoolers results in an improvement in discrimination, specifically selective attention.
authors.affiliation: Simmons College, Boston, MA 02132, USA. metallin@simmons.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Metallinos-Katsaras
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valassi-Adam
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Dewey
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lönnerdal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stamoulakatou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pollitt
mesh_terms: D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D007501:Iron