title: Constant-distance mode scanning potentiometry. 1. Visualization of calcium carbonate dissolution in aqueous solution.
abstract: Constant-distance mode scanning potentiometry was established by integrating potentiometric microsensors as ion-selective scanning probes into a SECM setup that was equipped with a piezoelectric shear force-based tip-to-sample distance control. The combination of specially designed micrometer-sized potentiometric tips with an advanced system for tip positioning allowed simultaneous acquisition of both topographic and potentiometric information at solid/liquid interfaces with high spatial resolution. The performance of the approach was evaluated by applying Ca(2+)-selective constant-distance mode potentiometry to monitor the dissolution of calcium carbonate occurring either at the (104) surface of calcite crystals or in proximity to the more complex surface of cross sections of a calcium carbonate shell of Mya arenaria exposed to slightly acidic aqueous solutions. Micrometer-scale heterogeneities in the apparent calcium activity profiles have successfully been resolved for both samples.
authors.affiliation: Analytische Chemie-Elektroanalytik & Sensorik, Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Neurobiochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Etienne
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Guntram
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Irmgard D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Dietzel
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schuhmann
mesh_terms: D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D008839:Microelectrodes; D020527:Microscopy, Scanning Probe / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011199:Potentiometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D002119:Calcium Carbonate