title: Neuromuscular efficiency of the sternocleidomastoid and anterior scalene muscles in patients with chronic neck pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared the neuromuscular efficiency (NME) of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and anterior scalene (AS) muscles between 20 chronic neck pain patients and 20 asymptomatic controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Myoelectric signals were recorded from the sternal head of SCM and the AS muscles as subjects performed sub-maximal isometric cervical flexion contractions at 25 and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The NME was calculated as the ratio between MVC and the corresponding average rectified value of the EMG signal. Ultrasonography was used to measure subcutaneous tissue thickness over the SCM and AS to ensure that differences did not exist between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both the SCM and AS muscles, NME was shown to be significantly reduced in patients with neck pain at 25% MVC (p<0.05). Subcutaneous tissue thickness over the SCM and AS muscles was not different between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced NME in the superficial cervical flexor muscles in patients with neck pain may be a measurable altered muscle strategy for dysfunction in other muscles. This aberrant pattern of muscle activation appears to be most evident under conditions of low load. NME, when measured at 25% MVC, may be a useful objective measure for future investigation of muscle dysfunction in patients with neck pain.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. d.falla@shrs.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Falla
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jull
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rainoldi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography