title: Solving problems resulting from solutions: evolution of a dual nutrient management strategy for the eutrophying Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina.
abstract: In estuaries, phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) inputs generally control freshwater and saltwater primary production, respectively. Improved wastewater P removal and a P-detergent ban in the late 1980s decreased P loading to the nutrient over-enriched Neuse River Estuary, NC, without a contemporaneous reduction in N loading. This led to a decrease in upstream freshwater phytoplankton production and a reduction in nuisance algal blooms. While this nutrient management approach appeared to be effective in reducing the symptoms of freshwater eutrophication, it may have also diminished the upstream algal N filter, promoting N enrichment, relative to P enrichment, and eutrophication of the more saline downstream N-limited waters. Recent N controls implemented by the State of North Carolina should help address the problem. These findings underscore the need for watershed- and basin-scale, dual nutrient (N and P) reduction strategies that consider the entire freshwater--marine continuum as well as hydrologic variability (e.g., hurricanes, floods, droughts) when formulating long-term controls of estuarine eutrophication.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, North Carolina 28557, USA. hpaerl@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Hans W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Paerl
authors.forename: Lexia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Valdes
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Joyner
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Piehler
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lebo
mesh_terms: D005068:Eutrophication; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009657:North Carolina; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011340:Problem Solving; D045483:Rivers; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen