title: Synergistic effect of estrogen and VEGF on the proliferation of hemangioma vascular endothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to observe the influences of estradiol (E2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and 4OH-tamoxifen (TAM) on the proliferation of hemangioma vascular endothelial cells (HVECs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two strawberry hemangiomas with positive estrogen receptor staining from 2 infants (cases 1 & 2) were used for HVECs culture. The HVECs of passage 3 were cultured in estrogen-free improved minimum essential medium and divided into 5 groups based on different treatments: group 1, no treatment; group 2, treated with E2; group 3, treated with VEGF; group 4, treated with both E2 and VEGF; group 5, treated with E2, VEGF, and TAM. Cell count (CC) and DNA proliferation index (PI) were determined on culture days 0, 3, 6, and 9.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On day 9 in case 1, CC and PI were the following: in group 1, 1.15 +/- 0.18 x 10(5) mL and 19.96% +/- 1.45%, respectively, presenting no statistically significant changes; in group 2, 1.38 and 1.61 times those of group 1, respectively (P <.01); in group 3, 2.10 and 1.61 times those of group 2, respectively (P <.01); in group 4, 1.62 and 1.40 times as high as with group 3, respectively (P <.01); in group 5, down to the levels of group 1. The results in case 2 were similar to those in case 1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro, the promoting effect of VEGF on HVECs proliferation is stronger than that of estrogen. Estrogen and VEGF enhance this proliferation in a synergistic fashion, which can be inhibited by tamoxifen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Medical Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Xianmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jiangbing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Minli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheng
mesh_terms: D002452:Cell Count; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000473:pathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D004958:Estradiol