title: A prospective randomised evaluation of G-CSF or G-CSF plus oral antibiotics in chemotherapy-treated patients at high risk of developing febrile neutropenia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a major dose-limiting complication among patients treated with chemotherapy. Haematopoietic colony stimulating factors (G-CSF and GM-CSF) made possible a significant improvement in the management of FN, both in the therapeutic and in the prophylactic approach. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis also permits a definite reduction of severe infections during neutropenia. Nevertheless, the possible role of these two interventions for secondary prevention of FN is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective randomised trial by comparing the efficacy of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the association of G-CSF with oral antibiotics in the secondary prevention of FN. We included in our study those patients who, after an episode of FN, continued to be treated with the same chemotherapy without reduction of dose intensity. They were randomised into two groups: the first received G-CSF (group G; filgrastim, 5 microg/kg day), and the second was treated with an association of G-CSF and amoxicillin/clavulanate plus ciprofloxacin (group G/ACC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-eight patients were randomised (group G: n=23 and group G/ACC: n=25). There was no recurrence of FN among the patients receiving G-CSF and only one episode in the combined therapy group (p=1). With regard to the side effects, there was no significant difference in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of G-CSF for the secondary prevention of FN is extremely effective and allows the maintenance of chemotherapy dose intensity. Our study showed that the addition of antibiotics does not seem to be required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Médecine Interne and Laboratoire d'Investigations Cliniques, H-J Tagnon, Institut Jules Bordet, Centre des Tumeurs de l'Université Libre de Bruxelles, Rue Héger Bordet 1, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. yassine.lalami@bordet.be
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lalami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paesmans
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoun
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Munoz-Bermeo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reuss
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cherifi
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Alexopoulos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klastersky
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination