title: Treatment strategy when using intraoperative peritoneal lavage for perforated appendicitis in children: a preliminary report.
abstract: We attempt to quantify the amount of peritoneal irrigation required to significantly decrease the intraperitoneal bacteria in children with perforated appendicitis, as no ideal volume of peritoneal lavage has yet been determined. A series of 11 children who were operated on for peritonitis caused by perforated appendicitis were reviewed retrospectively. All children were treated with our treatment protocol that included intraoperative peritoneal lavage using a large volume of saline. Peritoneal fluid samples were taken before and after peritoneal lavage and then were cultured to determine the colony counts. Twenty of 24 bacteria were available for evaluation of the changes in the flora counts. We found 85% of species to be resistant to peritoneal lavage when 3-5 l of saline per square meter of body surface area (l/m2) were used. In contrast, 5.8+/-1.54 l/m2 of peritoneal lavage fluid was necessary to completely eradicate the intraperitoneal bacterial flora. The residual bacteria showed a greater decrease when lavage fluid in excess of 6 l/m2 was used. Although this is only a preliminary report, these findings could be used to justify a true prospective randomized trial in the future.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, 852-8501, Japan. y-ohno@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Furui
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanematsu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001062:Appendectomy; D001064:Appendicitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008297:Male; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000382:microbiology; D010533:Peritoneal Lavage / Q000379:methods*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000601:surgery; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000254:growth & development; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride