title: L6 myoblast differentiation is modulated by Cdk5 via the PI3K-AKT-p70S6K signaling pathway.
abstract: Cdk5 regulates myogenesis but the signaling cascade through which Cdk5 modulates this process remains to be characterized. Here, we investigated whether PI3K, Akt, p70S6K, p38 MAPK, p44/42 MAPK, and Egr-1 serve as upstream regulators of Cdk5 during L6 myoblast differentiation. Upon serum reduction, we found that besides elevated expression of Cdk5 and its activator, p35, and increased Cdk5/p35 activity, Egr-1, Akt, p70S6K, and p38 MAPK activity were upregulated in differentiating L6 cells. However, p44/42 MAPK was downregulated and SAPK/JNK was unaffected. LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor, blocked the activation of Akt and p70S6K, indicating that Akt and p70S6K activation is linked to PI3K activation. The lack of LY294002 effect on p38 MAPK suggests that p38 MAPK activation is not associated with PI3K activation. Rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of FRAP/mTOR (the upstream kinase of p70S6K), also blocked p70S6K activation, indicating the involvement of FRAP/mTOR activation. LY294002 and rapamycin also blocked the enhancement of Egr-1 level, Cdk5 activity, and myogenin expression, suggesting that upregulation of these factors is coupled to PI3K-p70S6K activation. Overexpression of dominant-negative-Akt also reduced Cdk5/p35 activity and myogenin expression, indicating that the PI3K-p70S6K-Egr-1-Cdk5 signaling cascade is linked to Akt activation. SB2023580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, had no effect on p70S6K, Egr-1, or Cdk5 activity, suggesting that p38 MAPK activation lies in a pathway distinct from the PI3K-Akt-p70S6K-Egr-1 pathway that we identify as the upstream modulator of Cdk5 activity during L6 myoblast differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cancer Biology and Neuroscience Research Groups, The University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
authors.forename: Krishna P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Sarker
authors.forename: Ki-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D014157:Transcription Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C486110:Egr1 protein, rat; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; C495907:Cdk5 protein, rat