title: Bioavailability study of drotaverine from capsule and tablet preparations in healthy volunteers.
abstract: The bioavailability of drotaverine (CAS 14009-24-6) was investigated after oral administration of a drotaverine capsule preparation (20 mg Droxa mite) and compared to that of a reference tablet preparation. The preparations were investigated in 23 healthy volunteers, aged between 20 and 27 years, according to a randomised two-way, cross-over design in the fasted state. Blood samples for determination of drotaverine plasma concentrations were collected at pre-defined time points up to 30 h following drug administration. A washout period of two weeks separated both treatment periods. Drotaverine plasma concentrations were determined by means of a validated HPLC method (UV detector, imipramine HCl salt as an internal standard). The limit of detection was 6 ng/ml. Values of 1593.92 +/- 949.70 ng x h/l (95% confidence interval (CI): 1183.20-2004.60) for the test and 1705.48 +/- 737.78 ng x h/l (95% CI: 1386.40-2024.50) for the reference preparation AUC(0-infinity) demonstrate a nearly identical extent of drug absorption. Maximum concentrations--Cmax of 121.89 +/- 37.03 ng/ml (95% CI: 104.05-139.80) and 121.85 +/- 37.97 ng/ml (95% CI: 107.09-135.74) and time to reach maximum plasma concentration--Tmax of 1.29 +/- 0.42 h (95% CI: 1.11-1.48) and 1.14 +/- 0.34 h (95% CI: 0.99-1.29) achieved for the test and reference preparations did not differ significantly. The relative bioavailability (AUC(0-infinity) ratio test/reference) and Cmax ratio test/reference were 103.15% (90% CI: 81.68-124.60) and 103.74% (90% CI: 94.10-113.38), respectively. AUC was calculated using two different methods. There were no significant differences between the obtained values. Since the 90% CI for both, AUC and Cmax ratios were within the 80-125% interval proposed by the European Agency for the Evalution of Medicinal Products (CPMP) and the Food and Drug Administration, it is concluded that the new drotaverine capsule formulation is therapeutically equivalent to the conventional formulation for both, the extent and the rate of absorption after single dose administration in healthy volunteers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dyderski
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grześkowiak
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Drobnik
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szałek
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balcerkiewicz
authors.forename: Vitali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dubai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002138:Calibration; D002214:Capsules; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010208:Papaverine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013607:Tablets
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D013607:Tablets; C005317:drotaverin; D010208:Papaverine