title: Structural determinants for high-affinity binding of insulin-like growth factor II to insulin receptor (IR)-A, the exon 11 minus isoform of the IR.
abstract: The insulin receptor (IR) lacking the alternatively spliced exon 11 (IR-A) is preferentially expressed in fetal and cancer cells. The IR-A has been identified as a high-affinity receptor for insulin and IGF-II but not IGF-I, which it binds with substantially lower affinity. Several cancer cell types that express the IR-A also overexpress IGF-II, suggesting a possible autocrine proliferative loop. To determine the regions of IGF-I and IGF-II responsible for this differential affinity, chimeras were made where the C and D domains were exchanged between IGF-I and IGF-II either singly or together. The abilities of these chimeras to bind to, and activate, the IR-A were investigated. We also investigated the ability of these chimeras to bind and activate the IR exon 11+ isoform (IR-B) and as a positive control, the IGF-I receptor (IGF-1R). We show that the C domain and, to a lesser extent, the D domains represent the principal determinants of the binding differences between IGF-I and IGF-II to IR-A. The C and D domains of IGF-II promote higher affinity binding to the IR-A than the equivalent domains of IGF-I, resulting in an affinity close to that of insulin for the IR-A. The C and D domains also regulate the IR-B binding specificity of the IGFs in a similar manner, although the level of binding for all IGF ligands to IR-B is lower than to IR-A. In contrast, the C and D domains of IGF-I allow higher affinity binding to the IGF-1R than the analogous domains of IGF-II. Activation of IGF-1R by the chimeras reflected their binding affinities whereas the phosphorylation of the two IR isoforms was more complex.
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Denley
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Bonython
authors.forename: Grant W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Booker
authors.forename: Leah J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: Briony E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: Colin W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000235:genetics*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D011972:Receptor, Insulin