title: Comparison of the effect of diclofenac with hyoscine-N-butylbromide in the symptomatic treatment of acute biliary colic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and spasmolytics have been used to relieve biliary colic, the role of these drugs in the natural history of biliary colic has not been clarified. The objective of the present study is to compare the efficacy of intramuscular diclofenac with intramuscular hyoscine in the treatment of pain of acute biliary colic, and to study their role in the natural history of biliary colic and in the prevention of cholelithiasis-related complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-two consecutive patients with biliary colic were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study. They received either a single 75 mg intramuscular dose of diclofenac (n = 36) or similarly administered 20 mg of hyoscine (n = 36). Pain severity was recorded on a visual analogue scale 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 4 h after injection of the drug. Patients were then followed closely for the next 72 h for persistence or relapse of pain, or development of acute cholecystitis, or drug related complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diclofenac provided much more rapid relief of pain than hyoscine, as shown by significantly lesser pain scores after injection of the drug. 91.7% of patients on diclofenac were completely relieved of pain at 4 h as compared to 69.4% with hyoscine (P = 0.037). Progression to acute cholecystitis was seen in only 16.66% of patients on diclofenac as compared to 52.77% on hyoscine (P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with biliary colic, diclofenac gives much faster and more effective pain relief in a significantly larger number of patients as compared with hyoscine. Most remarkably, diclofenac can prevent progression of biliary colic to acute cholecystitis in a significant number of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: Anup
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Jagpreet S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Deed
authors.forename: Bharat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhasin
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Shaji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002086:Butylscopolammonium Bromide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003085:Colic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D004008:Diclofenac; D002086:Butylscopolammonium Bromide