title: Risk factors for non-fatal acute myocardial infarction in Italian women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We analyzed the relation between selected lifestyles and diseases and the risk of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in women in Northern Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a combined data set from three case-control studies, including 558 cases and 1,044 hospital controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strongest risk factor for AMI was smoking, the odds ratio (OR) being 4.0 in current smokers (11.6 for > or = 5 cigarettes/day). Other risk factors were diabetes (OR 4.4), hypertension (OR 3.3), hyperlipidemia (OR 1.6), and family history of AMI (OR 2.1). Moderate alcohol drinking was protective (OR 0.8 for < 2 drinks/day) compared to non-drinkers, and heavy coffee drinking non-significantly increased the risk (OR 1.4 for >3 cups/day). Inverse association was found with fish (OR 0.7 for >1 portion/week), vegetables (0.7 for > or = 10 portions/week), and fruit (OR 0.6 for > or = 14 portions/week), while meat, whole-grain, and diary products were unrelated. Smoking effect was stronger in combination with diabetes (OR 27.7), hypertension (OR 15.7), hyperlipidemia (OR 6.3), family history of AMI (OR 8.7), and heavy coffee drinking (OR 5.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strongest risk factor for AMI was smoking, responsible of about 37% of cases, followed by diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of AMI. Avoidance of smoking and increasing fish, vegetables, and fruit would reduce AMI risk of about 50%.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", 20157 Milan, Italy. tavani@marionegri.it
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tavani
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertuzzi
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallus
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Vecchia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D004032:Diet; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007558:Italy; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*