title: Dependence of human forearm skin postocclusive reactive hyperemia on occlusion time.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human postocclusive forearm skin reactive hyperemia is not only a potential means of identifying early signs of cardiovascular diseases, it can also be used in the assessment of local microvascular response to topically applied compounds on skin. The method is not fully characterized. In this study, we investigated the influence of occlusion time on postocclusive forearm skin reactive hyperemia using laser Doppler fluximetry (LDF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy male volunteers were studied on three separate days (at least 24 h apart) via a randomized design. Volunteers were studied in a supine position while fasted. Laser Doppler probes were placed on the volar surface of the antebrachium. In preliminary studies, 3 min of upper arm blood flow occlusion at suprasystolic pressure was found to be the upper limit of tolerability. Subsequently, volunteers were randomized to receive 1, 2, or 3 min occlusion on 3 different days. Skin blood flux was measured before, during, and after occlusion using LDF. The primary outcome calculated was maximal change in skin blood flux before and after occlusion, expressed in arbitrary units (AU).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Skin blood flux changes (mean+/-S.E.M.) after 1, 2, and 3 min occlusion period were 15.39+/-1.27 AU, 24.84+/-1.62 AU, and 32.14+/-1.73 AU, respectively. Using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), significant difference (P<.05) in skin blood flux changes were revealed between these three occlusion durations, where 3 min occlusion produced significantly greater in skin blood flux occlusion change compared to 1 and 2 min occlusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three minutes of occlusion produces the greater postocclusive reactive hyperemia. It is recommended that studies using postocclusive forearm skin reactive hyperemia should occlude the forearm for at least 3 min.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. yvonnetee623@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Get Bee Yvonne
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Tee
authors.forename: Aida Hanum Ghulam
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Rasool
authors.forename: Ahmad Sukari
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: Abdul Rashid Abdul
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rahman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D009779:Occlusive Dressings; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D015424:Reperfusion; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013997:Time Factors