title: Use of GHB compounds by HIV-positive individuals.
abstract: Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has been used by body-builders to enhance performance and by young adults in rave parties. Warnings have been posted about its addictive potential. The use of these dietary compounds is currently banned by the Food and Drug Administration, but they are widely available through the Internet and in certain communities. The purpose of the study was to examine the use of these compounds by HIV-positive individuals and to investigate their knowledge of the addictive potential of GHB and its related dietary compounds. One hundred HIV-positive individuals from the UCSD outpatient HIV clinic responded to an anonymous survey that inquired about their knowledge, use, and effects produced by GHB containing dietary compounds. The most common reported dietary compound beside GHB was Growth Hormone Release Extract (GHRE). Fifty-two percent of individuals reported using at least one GHB containing dietary compound. Gay subjects reported the highest use of GHB compounds (76.9%; p < or = 0.001). The most common effect reported by users was increased energy (71%). Only 24% of the total responders knew about GHB's addictive potential. Among reported users of GHB containing compounds, fourteen (27%) knew about its addictive potential and nine (17%) knew that the compound is illegal. This study shows that HIV-positive gay individuals attending our clinic are using GHB compounds. Reported GHB users have limited knowledge about its addictive potential and serious adverse effects. More controlled studies are needed to evaluate long-term effects of dietary compounds containing GHB, especially among HIV-positive individuals who are actively receiving antiretroviral treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, 8677 Villa La Jolla Drive, #1106, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. acamacho@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camacho
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Dimsdale
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012978:Sodium Oxybate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013008:Somatotypes; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012978:Sodium Oxybate; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone