title: Chronic pain in individuals with previously undiagnosed autistic spectrum disorders.
abstract: The aim of this article is to heighten clinician awareness by describing 2 patients with signs and symptoms of a possible autistic disorder. Autistic spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairment in reciprocal social interaction skills or communication skills and/or by the presence of stereotyped behavior, interests, and activities. Pain can be the initial presenting symptom for individuals with a previously undiagnosed autistic spectrum disorder. Two case presentations show indicators, such as reported sensory abnormalities, impaired social behaviors, and unusual interests, that should lead the physician to consider a referral for further evaluation. An accurate diagnosis of autism or related disorder can lead to a greater understanding of the nature of the patient's pain, as well as to more appropriate and effective treatment strategies. In addition, such patients might benefit from therapeutic interventions to improve overall functioning and decrease distress and, consequently, to decrease pain and other symptoms. Finally, autism research might inform pain researchers on topics such as neurobiology, development, and treatment of chronic pain disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain experts might be underrecognizing signs and symptoms of autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) in their patients. Clinical evaluation for ASDs should be considered in patients with specific unusual characteristics. Research on the topic of ASDs and pain is encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1759, USA. bbursch@MEDNET.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bursch
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ingman
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vitti
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: Lonnie K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Zeltzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*