Cysteine proteases in phytopathogenic bacteria: identification of plant targets and activation of innate immunity.
Phytopathogenic bacteria use the type-III secretion system (TTSS) to inject effector proteins into plant cells, presumably to colonize their hosts. The function of these proteins inside plant cells has remained a mystery for years. The recent discovery that the effectors XopD, AvrXv4, AvrPphB, and AvrRpt2 have cysteine protease functions reveals that the proteolysis of host substrates is an important strategy employed by pathogens to alter plant physiology. Moreover, the characterization of these proteases and their targets provides new insight to mechanisms of bacterial virulence and the activation of plant immunity.
Hotson
Andrew
A
Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5020, USA.
Mudgett
Mary Beth
MB
D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008954:Models, Biological; D010944:Plants / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases