title: Food habits in 10-11-year-old children with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of food habits and nutrient intake in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) considering their association with psychosocial factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional.
  
  
  METHODS
  A rural town in Mid-Western Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  After excluding organic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, a total of 49 children with FGID and 78 control children without GI symptoms from a cohort of 422 children were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Food frequency questionnaire, GI-symptoms questionnaire and the Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL) filled in by parents together with their child, and 24-h dietary recall and anthropometric and haematological measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to control children, fewer children with FGID had daily family dinner (77 vs 91%, P = 0.030) and they used less often vegetables (P = 0.023), fruits (P = 0.027) and berries (P = 0.011), but more often ice cream (P = 0.018) and soft drinks (P = 0.027) and had a higher sucrose intake (9 vs 7E%, P = 0.032) and lower lactose intake (27 vs 36 g, P = 0.001). Reported food-related symptoms were more common among FGID group (69 vs 11%), as well as restricted milk use (31 vs 0%). Children with FGID had higher total problem scores in CBCL (P=0.002), and the behavioural/emotional problems associated with occurrence of FGID (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.07-1.076) as did the sugar intake (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.004-1.215).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This population-based study suggests that school-aged children with FGIDs have less-organized food habits and higher milk avoidance, and they display internalizing psychological characteristics.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Juho Vainio Foundation, Finland; the Alma and K.A. Snellman Foundation, Oulu, and the Pediatric Research Foundation, Finland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu, Finland. mila.haapalahti@uku.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haapalahti
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mykkänen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tikkanen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kokkonen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000886:Anthropometry; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005518:Food Preferences / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008892:Milk; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012423:Rural Health; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D019422:Dietary Sucrose