title: The effect of cold storage on recombination frequencies in human male testicular cells.
abstract: Meiotic recombination is essential for the segregation of homologous chromosomes and formation of normal haploid gametes. Decreased recombination is associated with the production of aneuploid sperm in humans. MLH1, a DNA mismatch repair protein, was recently found to mark the sites of recombination in humans. Newly developed immunofluorescence techniques to identify MLH1 foci on synaptonemal complexes (SCs) in pachytene cells from testicular tissue have opened up a new avenue of research on meiotic recombination. Future studies on normal and abnormal recombination in early meiosis will further research in human reproduction and genetics. However, the availability of testicular material will always be a major limiting factor in this kind of study. In order to obtain an adequate number of samples and samples of particular research interest, it is often of benefit to obtain samples from distant regions. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether the quality of samples and accuracy of MLH1 frequencies change after transporting testicular samples from a distance. In the present study, we examined the recombination frequencies (numbers of MLH1 foci using immunofluorescence techniques) in 6 normal testicular samples. Each sample was split and analyzed in the fresh state and after storage on ice for two days, mimicking overnight courier air transport. The results showed no significant difference in the quality of the SC preparations or in the number of MLH1 foci between these two groups. These results demonstrate that testicular specimens may be shipped on ice without compromising data on chromosome pairing and recombination in early meiosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trpkov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mikhaail-Philips
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003434:Crossing Over, Genetic; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis / Q000235:genetics*; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014021:Tissue Preservation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1