title: Identification and quantification of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) heads, juice, and pomace by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n).
abstract: A method for the identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) heads, juice, and pomace by HPLC with diode array and mass spectrometric detection was developed. Among the 22 major compounds, 11 caffeoylquinic acids and 8 flavonoids were detected. Quantification of individual compounds was carried out by external calibration. Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide was found to be the major flavonoid in all samples investigated. 1,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid represented the major hydroxycinnamic acid, with 3890 mg/kg in artichoke heads and 3269 mg/kg in the pomace, whereas in the juice 1,3-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (cynarin) was predominant, due to the isomerization during processing. Total phenolic contents of approximately 12 g/kg on a dry matter basis revealed that artichoke pomace is a promising source of phenolic compounds that might be recovered and used as natural antioxidants or functional food ingredients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Technology, Section Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University, August-von-Hartmann-Strasse 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kammerer
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carle
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schieber
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D031943:Cynara scolymus / Q000737:chemistry*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis*; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry; D011801:Quinic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; C472707:caffeoylquinic acid; D011801:Quinic Acid