Income inequality at neighbourhood level and quality of life--a contextual analysis.
OBJECTIVE
Associations were examined between neighbourhood income inequality and neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation on the one hand and (mental) health related quality of life (QoL) on the other, in Maastricht, the Netherlands.


METHODS
Three different data sources were used: 1) neighbourhood socioeconomic indicators, 2) house prices per postal code area aggregated to an inequality measure at neighbourhood level, and 3) individual data measured in a family cohort study. Maastricht families with children aged approximately 11 years received questionnaires including the parents' QoL and family socioeconomic status (response rate: 60%). Multilevel analyses were conducted using neighbourhood level, family level, and individual level data.


RESULTS
Income inequality at neighbourhood level was not associated with QoL, whereas socioeconomic deprivation was associated with environment-related QoL.


CONCLUSIONS
The relative income hypothesis, according to which it is the contrast in deprivation rather than the absolute level of deprivation that influences health outcomes, does not hold at the neighbourhood level. Income inequality may only have an effect in larger areas containing sufficient socioeconomic contrast.
Drukker
Marjan
M
Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, EURON, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Feron
Frans J M
FJ
van Os
Jim
J
D000328:Adult; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D002648:Child; D006296:Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires