title: Assessment of HAV and HEV seroprevalence in children living in post-earthquake camps from Düzce, Turkey.
abstract: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalance of enterically transmitted hepatitis among children living in post-earthquake camps, and to assess the efficacy of the measurements during and after the disaster in Düzce and Golyaka. In the second half of 1999, North-western Turkey, was struck by two massive earthquakes in less than 3 months. The first, on 17 August 1999, involving Golyaka, was struck, measuring between 7.4 and 7.8 on the Richter scale. Irregularity about providing clean water and necessary sanitary facilities were observed after the first earthquake because of confusion. The second quake, on 12 November 1999, which rated 7.2 on the Richter scale, shook Düzce. Necessary precautions were applied rapidly at the second quake about shelter, clean drinking water, food and control of distribution of the aids by government and civil aid organisations. Anti-HEV(IgG) and anti-HAV(IgG) antibodies were determined in 476 sera of the children who was living in six camps. HAV prevalence of the children who were living in Düzce and Golyaka temporary houses was 44.4 and 68.8% respectively, OR: 0.37, CI 95%: 0.22-0.61, p = 0.0005. HEV prevalence of the children was 4.7 and 17.2% respectively, OR: 0.24, CI 95%: 0.11-0.51, p = 0.0007. In conclusion, HAV and HEV prevalence of children were lower than that in endemic areas but higher than that in developed countries. This study has pointed out the importance of providing urgent need of the sufficient sanitary facilities after disasters for preventing or reducing the incidence of enterically transmitted hepatitis, especially in the regions which were at risk for various disasters. Essential precautions such as providing clean water and food supply must be taken and an emergency action plan for preventing the infectious disease must be prepared before disasters such as earthquakes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, AIBU Düzce Medical School, Düzce, Turkey. isencan@ibuduzce-tip.edu.tr
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sencan
authors.forename: Idris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Demet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Sukru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oksuz
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yildirim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004190:Disasters; D005260:Female; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission; D017957:Hepatitis A Virus, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016751:Hepatitis E / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000635:transmission; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000276:immunology*; D006798:Housing / Q000145:classification; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D012036:Refugees; D012499:Sanitation; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G