title: The tumor suppressor gene HIC1 (hypermethylated in cancer 1) is a sequence-specific transcriptional repressor: definition of its consensus binding sequence and analysis of its DNA binding and repressive properties.
abstract: HIC1 (hypermethylated in cancer 1) is a tumor suppressor gene located at chromosome 17p13.3, a region frequently hypermethylated or deleted in human tumors and in a contiguous-gene syndrome, the Miller-Dieker syndrome. HIC1 is a transcriptional repressor containing five Krüppel-like C(2)H(2) zinc fingers and an N-terminal dimerization and autonomous repression domain called BTB/POZ. Although some of the HIC1 transcriptional repression mechanisms have been recently deciphered, target genes are still to be discovered. In this study, we determined the consensus binding sequence for HIC1 and investigated its DNA binding properties. Using a selection and amplification of binding sites technique, we identified the sequence 5'-(C)/(G)NG(C)/(G)GGGCA(C)/(A) CC-3' as an optimal binding site. In silico and functional analyses fully validated this consensus and highlighted a GGCA core motif bound by zinc fingers 3 and 4. The BTB/POZ domain inhibits the binding of HIC1 to a single site but mediates cooperative binding to a probe containing five concatemerized binding sites, a property shared by other BTB/POZ proteins. Finally, full-length HIC1 proteins transiently expressed in RK13 cells and more importantly, endogenous HIC1 proteins from the DAOY medulloblastoma cell line, repress the transcription of a reporter gene through their direct binding to these sites, as confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments. The definition of the HIC1-specific DNA binding sequence as well as the requirement for multiple sites for optimal binding of the full-length protein are mandatory prerequisites for the identification and analyses of bona fide HIC1 target genes.
authors.affiliation: CNRS UMR 8526, Institut de Biologie de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 Rue Calmette, Lille Cedex 59017, France.
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinte
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stankovic-Valentin
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deltour
authors.forename: Brian R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Rood
authors.forename: Cateline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Guérardel
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leprince
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019556:COS Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D019281:Dimerization; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011817:Rabbits; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D016335:Zinc Fingers
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; C096870:Hic1 protein, mouse; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D004247:DNA; D005982:Glutathione Transferase