title: The use of a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution (HBOC-201) for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a porcine model with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution (HBOC)-201 (Biopure) is an effective alternative to donor blood for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in a porcine model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized animal clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal surgical research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immature Yorkshire swine were assigned to one of three groups: 1, noninjured animals, donor porcine blood primed circuit; 2, ARDS-injured, HBOC-201 primed circuit; or 3, ARDS-injured, donor blood primed.
  
  
  METHODS
  ARDS injury was induced in groups 2 and 3 with oleic acid infusion before bypass. All animals were placed on full venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support for 8 hrs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physiologic variables and laboratory samples were measured at baseline and hourly for 8 hrs. Data analysis consisted of repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc analysis. We found that 100% of animals survived on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the duration of the study period. HBOC-supported animals had comparable oxygen delivery to both donor blood groups. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, heart rate, and lactate concentrations were higher in the injury groups. Blood pressure was mildly increased in HBOC animals (p <.05 vs. control animals). Methemoglobin concentrations in the HBOC group were elevated and increased over time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (p <.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBOC-201 appears to be an effective alternative circuit-priming agent for use during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. HBOC offers the advantages of rapid availability and diminished donor blood cell exposure. The efficacy of HBOC in longer duration bypass, and its associated methemoglobinemia, need to be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wilford USAF Hall Medical Center, Lackland AFB, TX, USA. cody.henderson@lackland.af.mil
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Sorrells
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dick
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: DiGeronimo
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000379:methods*; D006454:Hemoglobins; D011897:Random Allocation; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000628:therapy*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D006454:Hemoglobins; C096798:HBOC 201