title: Life support for trauma and transport: a mobile ICU for safe in-hospital transport of critically injured patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In-hospital transport of newly injured patients is complicated by inadequate monitoring and adverse events. LSTAT (Life Support for Trauma and Transport, Integrated Medical Systems Inc) is a platform with multiple integrated systems (ventilator, defibrillator, suction, hemodynamic monitors, infusion and invasive monitoring channels, capnography, blood analysis, and electrocardiography) that allow seamless monitoring and effective life-saving interventions during transport. The platform functions as a mobile ICU and has preliminarily been tested with success in combat settings. This is the first evaluation of LSTAT in the civilian transport arena.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major trauma patients requiring trauma team activation, who were transported from the Emergency Department through different hospital departments (usually CT or angiography) to the ICU or operating room were included prospectively (December 2002 through April 2003). Patients were monitored and transported either by conventional means (conventional group) or by LSTAT (LSTAT group). Primary outcomes related to resource consumption and process of care; secondary outcomes related to clinical events. A questionnaire was completed by the surgeons participating in transports to document perceptions and preferences about means of in-hospital transport.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 178 patients enrolled, 85 (48%) were in the LSTAT and 93 (52%) in the conventional groups. The two groups were similar except for age and mechanism of injury. Time of hand-bagging, preparation for transport, and return of blood results was significantly shorter in the LSTAT than in the conventional group (p < 0.001 for all). Significantly fewer LSTAT than conventional transports required more than one escorting physician (p < 0.001). Significantly more surveyed surgeons preferred LSTAT to conventional methods to transfer patients. There were no differences in adverse events, hospital stay, or mortality between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LSTAT emerges as a safe and convenient method of in-hospital transport. It allows uninterrupted monitoring, immediate response to physiologic changes, and reduction in human resource consumption. Process of care is improved. LSTAT's potential to improve clinical outcomes needs to be tested in different environments, including the prehospital setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Velmahos
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demetriades
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ghilardi
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Patrizio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Petrone
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001513:Beds; D005260:Female; D015276:Health Care Rationing; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation; D005791:Patient Care / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000379:methods*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*