The expanding family of MyD88-like adaptors in Toll-like receptor signal transduction.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the detection and elimination of invading microbes. They are type-1 transmembrane receptors, containing extracellular leucine rich repeats and an intracellular Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Upon stimulation, these receptors interact with specific TIR domain-containing adaptor proteins. Five such adaptors have been discovered to date, MyD88, Mal (MyD88 adaptor-like)/TIRAP (TIR domain-containing adaptor protein), Trif (TIR-domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-beta), TRAM (Trif-related adaptor molecule) and SARM (SAM and ARM-containing protein). Different TLRs use different combinations of these adaptors, leading to the activation of common and unique pathways involved in the elimination of the invading microbe.
McGettrick
Anne F
AF
Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. mcgettra@tcd.ie
O'Neill
Luke A J
LA
D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D051186:Armadillo Domain Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005810:Multigene Family; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D051186:Armadillo Domain Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; C435689:SARM1 protein, human; C470409:TICAM1 protein, human; C434984:TIRAP protein, human; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors