title: Pharynx and oesophagus evaluation during the swallow using helical computerized tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Videofluorography (VF) and endoscopy are commonly used for dynamic imaging (DI) of pharyngeal swallowing but do not offer transverse plane (TP) information. The aim of the present study was to evaluate helical computerized tomography (HCT) to measure the DI capability pharyngeal swallowing in the TP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HCT scan technique used was a single-slice cine mode with scan times of 100 ms. All 15 subjects were studied supine during dry swallow, swallowing of barium sulphate jelly and 3, 10, 15 or 20 ml of a 40% barium sulphate solution. Nine subjects repeated the test twice at more than 1 week's interval to determine the test-retest reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Swallowing leads to closure of the vocal folds, pharyngeal constriction and narrowing of the piriform sinuses allowing jelly passage between the sinuses. Laryngeal elevation then occurs with the opening of the pharyngoesophageal segment (PES). Swallowing a bolus of 20 ml produced the maximum anteroposterior and transverse diameters as well as the maximum opening area of the PES. The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients with liquid deglutition ranged from 0.86 to 0.98.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that HCT enables visualization of TP of PES complementing VF or endoscopic swallowing studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA. itkaku@happy.email.ne.jp
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takehara
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001466:Barium Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010614:Pharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology; D016683:Supine Position; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005782:Gels; D001466:Barium Sulfate