title: Gram-positive anaerobic bacilli in human periodontal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The uncertain taxonomy of oral anaerobic gram-positive bacilli and their generally slow growing nature has limited the understanding of their role in periodontal disease. The current objective was to design and use species-specific oligonucleotide probes to investigate the relationship of selected gram-positive anaerobic bacilli to periodontal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plaque and clinical measurements were collected from 40 patients with periodontitis and from 40 matched controls. Oligonucleotide probes were designed for Bulleidia extructa, Eubacterium nodatum, Mogibacterium timidum and Slackia exigua and used to probe nucleic acids extracted from the samples with a chemiluminescent detection method. Species were quantified as absent or present at low (approximately 10(3)-10(4) cells), medium (approximately 10(4)-10(5) cells) or high levels (approximately 10(5)-10(6) cells).
  
  
  RESULTS
  M. timidum and B. extructa were detected in only three and four samples, respectively. The level of both E. nodatum and S. exigua was significantly higher in deep than shallow pockets (Wilcoxon, p < 0.001). The level of E. nodatum, but not S. exigua, was higher in patients than matched controls (Mann-Whitney U, p < 0.03). Using an ordered logistic regression model, the probing depth of the sampled sites had the greatest influence on the level of both species and significant variations occurred between individuals. Bleeding also influenced the levels of both species, with supragingival plaque influencing S. exigua.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both E. nodatum and S. exigua were associated with clinical indicators of periodontal disease.
authors.affiliation: Infection Research Group, The Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Downes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van den Berg
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Wade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D005051:Eubacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000382:microbiology; D006093:Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes