title: Noncosmetic uses of botulinum toxin.
abstract: In conclusion, botulinum toxin usage over the past 2 to 3 decades has expanded exponentially. Almost every discipline in medicine has found some therapeutic use for this toxin. Botulinum toxin has been shown to be safe, effective, and relatively easy to administer with proper training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, 1055 Saw Mill River Road, Ardsley, NY 10502, USA.
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zalvan
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bentsianov
authors.forename: Omar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Yanes
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blitzer
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A