title: Measurement of the setting expansion of phosphate-bonded investment materials: part II--An evaluation of the Casting-Ring Test at 10 laboratories.
abstract: The Casting-Ring Test has the potential to fulfil the requirement for a reliable 'Standard' test to measure the setting expansion of phosphate-bonded investment materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of the measurements and the value that is produced at 10 test sites. The Casting-Ring Test apparatus, three phosphate-bonded investment products and one ring liner product were sent to the 10 participants, together with a detailed test protocol. Participants were asked to use their normal vacuum mixers. Reproducibility at individual sites was good. However, there were significant differences between test sites for the mean setting expansions, attributed to the range of vacuum mixers employed. From these results, the Casting-Ring Test appears to satisfy the requirements for adoption as an ISO standard test. The effect produced by different vacuum-mixer models would be manifest in any test. Not only does this have implications when determining the value of setting expansion for product information, but such a range of setting expansions will also be reproduced during production of moulds in commercial dental laboratory practice. However, for any specific product and vacuum-mixer combination, the setting expansion will be consistent and will not vary from mould to mould.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Clinical Dental Sciences, University of Dundee Dental School, Dundee, Scotland, UK. c.h.lloyd@dundee.ac.uk
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yearn
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cowper
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gentens
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003734:Dental Casting Investment / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards*; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000737:chemistry; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003734:Dental Casting Investment; D010710:Phosphates; D013193:Stainless Steel; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride