title: Dentoskeletal effects and facial profile changes during activator therapy.
abstract: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate cephalometrically the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue modifications induced by activator treatment in patients with Class II malocclusions caused by mandibular retrognathism. The subjects, all in the mixed dentition, were selected from a single centre and were divided into two groups: 40 patients treated with an incisor double capping activator (20 girls, 20 boys with a mean age of 10 years) and a control group of 30 subjects (15 girls, 15 boys with a mean age of 10 years). The dentoskeletal and aesthetic changes that occurred were compared on lateral cephalograms taken before treatment (T0) and after 18-24 months, when the activator was removed (T1). In the control group the radiographs were obtained before (T0) and after (T1) 21 months (standard deviation +/- 3 months). Activator treatment in these growing patients resulted in a correction of the Class II relationship (ANB -2.14 degrees), a restriction of maxillary growth (SNA -0.5 degrees), an advancement of the mandibular structures (SNB +1.64 degrees, FH--NPg +3.39 degrees; OLp-B +5.17 mm, OLp-Pg +5.14 mm, OLp-Go +2.44 mm), a correction of the overjet (-5.03 mm), an improvement in overbite (-1.17 mm) and uprighting of the maxillary incisors (1--FH -5.64 degrees). The activator appliance was effective in treating growing patients with mandibular deficiency: activator therapy corrected Class II malocclusions by a combination of skeletal and dental changes and improved the soft tissue facial profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cozza
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Toffol
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colagrossi
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D019186:Mandibular Advancement; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation*; D063173:Retrognathia / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014716:Vertical Dimension