title: Comparison of left ventricular lead placement via the coronary venous approach versus lateral thoracotomy in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy.
abstract: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a new therapeutic option in patients with heart failure and ventricular conduction delay. We compared the long-term performance of left ventricular (LV) pacing via the coronary venous (CV) approach and a limited lateral thoracotomy (LLT). Data from 81 patients (age 65 +/- 12 years; 52 men, New York Heart Association class 3.0 +/- 0.4, ejection fraction 24 +/- 6%) were retrospectively analyzed for 1 year after implantation of a CRT system. Twenty-five patients received LLT leads and 56 patients received CV leads. Postoperative hospitalization was shorter after CV lead implantation (8 +/- 4 vs 12 +/- 5 days, p <0.01). No significant differences in LV pacing and sensing performance between both approaches were observed after 12 months. Reinterventions were necessary in 7 patients after CV implantation compared with only 1 reintervention (4%) in the LLT group (p = NS). Postoperative chest radiographs revealed an anterior lead position in 11 of 25 patients (44%) in the LLT group versus 3 of 56 patients (5.4%) in the CV group (p = 0.00007). Echocardiographic data demonstrated a significant increase in LV ejection fraction in the CV group (from 26.1 +/- 5.2% to 35.3 +/- 14.3% at 12 months, p <0.001, n = 42) in contrast to the LLT group (from 24.5 +/- 6.2% to 28.5 +/- 7.5% at 12 months, p = NS, n = 16) at 12-month follow-up. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in 35 patients showed significantly more improvement in peak oxygen consumption after 12 months in the CV group (15.5 +/- 3.1 vs 13.6 +/- 2.6 ml/min/kg at implant, n = 22) compared with the LLT group (12.7 +/- 1.5 vs 11.8 ml/min/kg at implant, n = 13, p = 0.004). At 1-year follow-up the mortality rate was 24% (6 of 25) after LLT lead implantation versus 12.5% (7 of 56) after CV implantation (p = NS). Our data show that the LLT approach for LV lead placement in CRT systems has the advantage of a lower incidence of reinterventions. Hospitalization was longer, increase in functional capacity smaller, and mortality at 1-year follow-up higher, which were potentially related to a more anterior lead position. Therefore, CV leads are preferable to LLT leads.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Technology, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koos
authors.forename: Anil-Martin
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.forename: Ole-Alexander
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Breithardt
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mischke
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarse
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Autschbach
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanrath
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stellbrink
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000628:therapy; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D010496:Pericardium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome