title: Molecular imaging identifies regions with microthromboemboli during primary angioplasty in acute coronary thrombosis.
abstract: Microthromboemboli (MTE) may contribute to the no-reflow phenomenon in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) either spontaneously or after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We hypothesized that myocardial MTE in acute coronary syndromes can be identified on imaging by in vivo (99m)Tc labeling of the coronary thrombus with a compound that binds to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa present on activated platelets (DMP-444).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen dogs underwent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) injury in to produce thrombus, whereas 5 control dogs had LAD ligation. Before recanalization, the risk area (RA) and myocardial blood flow (MBF) were measured, and in vivo thrombus labeling was performed using (99m)Tc-labeled DMP-444. Nine of the 15 LAD injury dogs had occlusive thrombus on angiography and underwent PTCA. MBF measurements were repeated 30 and 60 min after recanalization, and (99m)Tc autoradiography (hot spot imaging) was performed ex vivo to determine the extent and magnitude of MTE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of hot spot size to RA size was higher in the 9 LAD injury dogs with thrombus compared with the 6 dogs with no thrombus (90% +/- 22% vs. 42% +/- 16%; P = 0.005). In control dogs, this ratio was significantly lower (29% +/- 11%; P = 0.05). (99m)Tc activity within the RA was higher in 8 of the 15 coronary injury dogs with AMI compared with those without AMI (1.8 +/- 0.48 vs. 1.24 +/- 0.22; P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MTE can be detected and quantified after primary PTCA. The infarct size is proportional to the magnitude and extent of MTE, indicating that MTE may contribute to the AMI. Thus, in vivo thrombus labeling during reperfusion may provide important information in patients with AMI that may lead to better adjuvant therapy during PTCA.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Imaging Center and Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Tadamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sklenar
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leong-Poi
authors.forename: Norman C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: David K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaul
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D009842:Oligopeptides; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013667:Technetium; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C411949:DMP 444; D009842:Oligopeptides; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013667:Technetium