title: Plasmodium falciparum transmission blocking immunity under conditions of low and high endemicity in Cameroon.
abstract: Transmission blocking immunity (TBI) was studied in relation to age, gametocyte density and transmission intensity. subjects with high gametocytaemias were selected in a hypo-endemic urban district and a hyper-endemic rural area in South Cameroon. TBI was determined in blood from gametocyte carriers in a bioassay (Direct Membrane Feeding Assay), with either autologous plasma (OWN) or control serum (AB). Mosquito infection rates (IR) were compared. infection rates correlated positively with gametocyte and oocyst densities. Three TBI indicators were analysed: the proportion of transmission reducers (IRAB > IROWN, P < 0.01), the mean intensity of TBI (IRAB - IROWN), and the contribution of TBI to total inhibition [(IRAB-IROWN)/(100-IROWN)]. we could not discriminate between areas with regard to either the proportion of transmission reducers (urban 15% and rural 29%) or the mean levels of TBI (urban 10% and rural 9%), or contribution of TBI to total inhibition (urban 10% and rural 13%). there was no relationship between TBI indicators and age, but a trend of increasing values was observed with rising gametocytaemia, which was considered as a confusing factor. a multivariable analysis showed that the probability of being a reducer was 4.6 fold higher in the rural area than in the urban district.
authors.affiliation: LAF 302, Oceac, Yaounde, Cameroon. boudin@ird.sn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boudin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van Der Kolk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tchuinkam
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gouagna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Safeukui
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Verhave
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002163:Cameroon; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D009033:Culicidae / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology*; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population