title: Improvements in carotid endarterectomy in Scotland: results of a national prospective survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) depends upon selection of patients with a high absolute risk of stroke, avoidance of delays from intial presentation to surgery and provsion of surgery with a low perioperative risk of stroke. We evaluated these aspects of practice in Scottish hospitals and, by encouraging adherence to national (SIGN) guidelines, attempted to improve the effectiveness of CEA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective independent survey of patient selection, pre-operative delays and surgical performance for all CEAs performed in Scottish National Health Service hospitals over two 13 month periods from September 1997 and February 1999 respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen hospitals performed 485 CEAs in the first period and 392 in the second, equating to an overall annual rate of 79 per million population. During both periods at least 95% of patients reported symptoms of carotid terittory ischaemia, but the proportion with stenoses greater than >70% rose from 89% to 97% (p<0.0001). The delays between referral, surgical consultation and subsequent surgery fell significantly but remained unacceptably long. The proportion seen by the surgeon within two weeks of referral rose from 36% to 43% (p=0.05) and the proportion operated on within one month thereafter rose from 35% to 49% (p<.0001). The perioperative combined major stroke and death rate was 3% in both periods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated significant changes in practice, in line with national guidelines, which would be expected to improve the effectiveness of our national programme of CEA. There is further scope for improving performance, particularly in relation to pre-operative delays.
authors.affiliation: Greater Glasgow NHS Board. jill.pell@gghb.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pell
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Slack
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Welch
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006779:Hospitals, Public / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013222:State Medicine; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome