title: Topical prophylaxis with moxifloxacin prevents endophthalmitis in a rabbit model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prophylaxis potential of the topical antibiotic, 0.5% moxifloxacin (Vigamox), was evaluated to prevent endophthalmitis after bacterial anterior chamber challenge in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vivo laboratory investigation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three regimens of topical 0.5% moxifloxacin were tested for prophylaxis to prevent endophthalmitis: (1) (full prophylaxis) moxifloxacin drops every 15 minutes for 1 hour (five drops), anterior chamber challenge with 5 x 10(4) colony-forming units of Staphylococcus aureus, one drop of moxifloxacin, and four more drops applied over the next 24 hours; (2) (preprophylaxis) prechallenge prophylaxis, S. aureus challenge, and no postchallenge prophylaxis; and (3) (postprophylaxis) no prechallenge prophylaxis, S. aureus challenge, and postchallenge prophylaxis. A saline control was tested concurrently in all three experiments. At 24 hours after injection, the eyes were evaluated by slit lamp in a masked fashion for clinical signs of endophthalmitis, and the anterior and posterior chambers were cultured for bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median clinical scores for the moxifloxacin group were significantly lower than the saline group for all three treatment regimens. The median clinical score for the full prophylaxis regimen was significantly lower than the preprophylaxis and postprophylaxis regimens alone. The anterior and posterior chambers were negative for S. aureus in all three moxifloxacin treatment regimens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a rabbit model, a "proof of principle" was demonstrated that topical antibiotic therapy pre- and postintraocular bacterial challenge could prevent bacterial endophthalmitis. Surgical prophylaxis with topical 0.5% moxifloxacin (Vigamox) may prove to be a valuable adjunct for the prevention of endophthalmitis.
authors.affiliation: Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. kowalskirp@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Regis P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Romanowski
authors.forename: Francis S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Y Jerold
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011804:Quinolines; D000077266:Moxifloxacin