title: Endothelin-1 is increased in the breath condensate of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: One recent line of cancer research is currently directed to the study of growth factors. Of increasing interest is endothelin-1 (ET-1), a mitogenic factor already investigated in several human cancer cell lines, which has been found to participate in the development and progression of tumours. This peptide has an important role also in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) where ET-1 expression has been found in 100% of cell lines.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to measure ET-1 concentrations in the airways of patients with NSCLC using a completely non-invasive procedure--the breath condensate--and to verify the involvement of this peptide in the growth of lung tumours.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled 30 patients (17 men, median age 63 years; range 53-74) with histological evidence of NSCLC and 15 healthy controls (9 men, median age 59 years; range 52-70). ET-1 was measured in the exhaled breath condensate by means of a specific enzyme immunoassay kit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher concentrations of exhaled ET-1 were found in NSCLC patients (8.3 +/- 0.7 pg/ml) compared to controls (5.2 +/- 0.5 pg/ml, p < 0.0001). A statistically significant difference was observed between patients with distant metastases (stage IV) of NSCLC (8.9 +/- 0.6 pg/ml) and those with locoregional disease (stage I-III) (7.9 +/- 0.5 pg/ml). A significant reduction in ET-1 levels was found in 14 patients after surgical removal of the tumour either associated with or without adjuvant chemotherapy (6.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 7.9 +/- 0.4 pg/ml, p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the measurement of ET-1 in the breath condensate of patients with NSCLC could be proposed as a marker for early detection of NSCLC as well as for monitoring reduction or progression of the neoplasm in the follow-up of treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Respiratory Disease, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Carpagnano
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Foschino-Barbaro
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Resta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gramiccioni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carpagnano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001944:Breath Tests; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019332:Endothelin-1