title: The efficacy of combined physical and mental practice in the learning of a foot-sequence task after stroke: a case report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of mental practice on the learning of a sequential task for the lower limb in a patient with a hemiparesis resulting from a stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-case study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory of a university-affiliated rehabilitation center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A right-handed 38-year-old man who had suffered a left hemorrhagic subcortical stroke 4 months prior.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient practiced a serial response time task with the lower limb in 3 distinct training phases over a period of 5 weeks: 2 weeks of physical practice, 1 week of combined physical and mental practice, and then 2 weeks of mental practice alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performance on the task measured through errors and response times. Imagery abilities measured through questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient's average response time improved significantly during the 1st 5 days of physical practice (26%) but then failed to show further improvement during the following week of physical practice. The combination of mental and physical practice during the 3rd week yielded additional improvement (10.3%), whereas the following 2 weeks of mental practice resulted in a marginal increase in performance (2.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings show that mental practice, when combined with physical practice, can improve the performance of a sequential motor skill in people who had a stroke, and suggest that mental practice could play a role in the retention of newly acquired abilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doyon
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malouin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011214:Practice, Psychological; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome