title: Cephalometric changes following simultaneous first and second maxillary molar distalization using a non-compliance intraoral appliance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the dentoalveolar, skeletal and soft tissue changes induced by a modified minimal-compliance intraoral appliance following the simultaneous distalization of first and second maxillary molars.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 14 patients with a mean age of 13.4 years treated by one clinician. In all cases a bilateral Class II molar relationship was corrected to Class I in a mean treatment period of 16.5 weeks. Lateral cephalometric analysis of the sample was based on the radiographs taken before and immediately after treatment with the appliance. The mean maxillary first molar distal movement was 1.4 mm, accompanied by a mean distal tipping of 6.8 degrees. The vertical change in molar position was insignificant. The anchorage unit was unable to completely resist the reciprocal mesial force of the activated coil spring. The second premolars were moved mesially by a mean 2.6 mm and tipped by a mean 4.1 degrees without significant extrusion. The mean increase in overjet was 0.9 mm, and the mean decrease in overbite 1.0 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of this study have shown that the presented intraoral appliance is an effective and reliable means of distalizing first and second maxillary molars simultaneously without the need for patient compliance. Appliance effects are limited primarily to the dentoalveolar structures. Mesial movement and slight protrusion of the anchorage unit have to be taken seriously into consideration during intraoral distalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. mikepap@dent.auth.gr
authors.forename: Moschos A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Anestis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mavropoulos
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karamouzos
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D008437:Maxilla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008963:Molar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D011859:Radiography; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques