Topological structure and chemical composition of inner surfaces of borosilicate vials.
The use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is described to characterize the inner surfaces of pharmaceutical vials. The two type I borosilicate glasses included in this study slightly differ in their amounts of alkaline oxides. The topography and chemistry of the inner surfaces of vials are predominantly caused by the forming process. A structural and chemical modification of the inner surface of vials was also observed when exposing the surface to different pH conditions and special treatment like washing and sterilization, which are routine operation steps during galenical manufacturing.
Schwarzenbach
Monica S
MS
Institute of Physics, University of Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. Monica.Schoenenberger@mepha.ch
Reimann
Peter
P
Thommen
Verena
V
Hegner
Martin
M
Mumenthaler
Marco
M
Schwob
Jacky
J
Güntherodt
Hans-Joachim
HJ
D001896:Boron Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D004349:Drug Packaging; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D017640:Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties
D001896:Boron Compounds; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D017640:Silicates