title: Neuropsychological progress during 14 years after severe traumatic brain injury in childhood and adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of time since injury on neuropsychological and psychosocial outcome after serious TBI in childhood or adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were eight patients with serious TBI sustained at a mean age of 14 years who had been assessed neuropsychologically at 1, 7 and 14 years after TBI. A retrospective longitudinal design was chosen to describe the development in six neuropsychological domains on the basis of the assessments. Psychosocial data were gathered from clinical knowledge and a semi-structured interview 14 years after TBI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Performance of verbal IQ shows a declining trend over the three assessments, that the performance of attention and working memory is low and that verbal learning is the cognitive domain which exhibits the largest impairments. The main psychosocial result is that three of the eight subjects went from a school situation with no adjustments to adult life with early retirement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Time since insult is an important factor when assessing outcome after TBI in childhood and adolescence and that assessment of final outcome should not be done before adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Child and Youth Rehabilitation, Ostersund Hospital, Sweden. catherine.aaro.jonsson@jll.se
authors.forename: Catherine Aaro
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horneman
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Emanuelson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors