title: Favourable prognostic factors in a large UK experience of adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas and periampullary region.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the surgical experience in a regional unit, analysing the post-operative outcome, and determining risk factors for survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for periampullary and pancreatic head carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected on 251 patients with pancreatic head adenocarcinoma (133), ampullary carcinomas (88) and distal common bile duct (30), between 1987 and 2002. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Clinical, surgical and histopathological records were examined by univariate and multivariate analysis to identify the independent prognostic predictors of survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median actuarial survival for carcinoma of the pancreatic head, ampulla and distal bile duct were 13.4, 35.5 and 16 months, respectively; p < 0.0001. On univariate analysis for the whole series, the age < or =60, tumour of the head of the pancreas, lymph node positive, resection margin R1, poorly differentiated tumours, and portal vein invasion significantly decreased survival. On multivariate analysis, poor tumour differentiation, surgical margin, lymph node metastases, and age independently influence survival. Mortality and morbidity were 4.8 and 29.9%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic and periampullary tumours is the only therapy that may cure patients and can be performed safely in centres with significant experience.
authors.affiliation: The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Jarufe
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coldham
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.forename: J A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Buckels
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bramhall
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D003138:Common Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis