title: Sperm selection for ICSI: shape properties do not predict the absence or presence of numerical chromosomal aberrations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesize that the potential relationship between abnormal sperm morphology and increased frequency of numerical chromosomal aberrations is based on two attributes of diminished sperm maturity: (i) cytoplasmic retention and consequential sperm shape abnormalities; and (ii) meiotic errors caused by low levels of the HspA2 chaperone, a component of the synaptonemal complex. Because sperm morphology and aneuploidies were assessed in semen, but not in the same spermatozoa, previous studies addressing this relationship were inconclusive. We recently demonstrated that sperm shape is preserved following fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Thus, we examined the shape and chromosomal aberrations in the same sperm.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed phase contrast microscopy and FISH, using centromeric probes for chromosomes X, Y, 10, 11 and 17 in 15 men. The fluorescence and respective phase contrast images were digitized using the Metamorph program. We studied 1286 sperm (256 disomic, 130 diploid and 900 haploid sperm) by three criteria: head and tail dimensions, head shape and Kruger strict morphology. Furthermore, in each analysis, we considered whether disomic or diploid sperm may be distinguished from haploid sperm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was an overall, but not discriminative, relationship between abnormal sperm dimensions or shape and increased frequencies of numerical chromosomal aberrations. However, approximately 68 of the 256 disomic, and four of 130 diploid sperm showed head and tail dimensions comparable with the most normal, lowest tertile of the 900 haploid spermatozoa. Considering all 1286 sperm, among those with the most regular, symmetrical shape (n = 367), there were 63 and five with disomic and diploid nuclei, respectively. In line with these findings, among the 256 disomic sperm, 10% were Kruger normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sperm dimensions or shape are not reliable attributes in selection of haploid sperm for ICSI.
authors.affiliation: The Sperm Physiology Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: Ciler
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celik-Ozenci
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakab
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Catalanotti
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Demir
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bray-Ward
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huszar
mesh_terms: D048430:Cell Shape / Q000235:genetics*; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004171:Diploidy; D006238:Haploidy; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008297:Male; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D013077:Sperm Head / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013082:Sperm Tail / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure