Therapeutic strategies for allergic airways diseases.
Asthma and allergic rhinitis are airways allergic diseases and different aspects of these diseases are discussed in this paper. Both diseases require specific treatment but the airways are a continuum and it has been shown that concomitant treatment in patients suffering from both diseases has a better effect than treating only one of the diseases. Furthermore, treatment of allergic rhinitis in asthmatic patients reduces the risk of hospital admission due to asthma and improves bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Anti-inflammatory therapy, particularly with local steroids, is the single most important treatment for airways allergic diseases. Some studies have shown the importance of starting early after diagnosing asthma but the issue of how early in life to start inhaled steroids is still being debated. Also leukotriene antagonists have been shown to have beneficial effects in many patients and can be used in conjunction with inhaled steroids. Combination therapy with inhaled steroids and inhaled beta(2)-agonists has been shown to be effective in adults but this has not yet been fully documented in children. Optimal treatment of exercise-induced asthma is important to enable children and adolescents to fulfill their developmental possibilities. Allergy vaccination has traditionally been used for treating airways allergic diseases. It is often given for allergic rhinitis when pharmacotherapy is not providing full symptom control. One recent study has suggested that allergy vaccination may possibly help to prevent the development of asthma in the child with allergic rhinitis. More research is needed on asthma allergy vaccination. Concordance with treatment may often be difficult and efforts should be taken to ensure the best concordance possible.
Carlsen
Kai-Håkon
KH
Voksentoppen BKL, National Hospital, Ullveien 14, N-0791 Oslo, Norway. k.h.carlsen@klinmed.uio.no
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D013256:Steroids