title: New model for simulation of fracture repair in full-grown beagle dogs: model characterization and results from a long-term study with ibandronate.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Given that bisphosphonates reduce bone turnover, it is important to establish that their long-term administration does not impair bone quality. This paper describes a new model for simulation of fracture repair to evaluate several aspects of bone quality following long-term administration (34 or 36 weeks) of ibandronate in full-grown beagle dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The treatment schedule consisted of continuous daily subcutaneous administration of a pharmacologically active dose (1 microg/kg/day) and two cyclical intermittent regimens providing a similar total dose per animal at the end of the experiment. Seven or 8 weeks before study end, 10 holes were drilled in the left tibia and bone marrow ablation was performed in the ipsilateral femur. Serial measurements for blood biochemistry (osteocalcin and iso-alkaline phosphatase) and bone mineral density (BMD; whole body and L1-L7) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were performed during the experiment. Bone quality was determined at the end of the experiment by assessing early and late stage defect healing and structural, cellular, and dynamic histomorphometry (femur, tibia, and lumbar vertebrae L3 and L4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Healing of the drill hole defects, which simulate the first stage of fracture healing, was neither qualitatively nor quantitatively influenced by ibandronate. The same was true for the activation of cortical remodeling that occurs in the later stage of fracture healing, which started in Week 4 after surgery and declined after Week 8 in all groups. Additionally, no difference was found between the various regimens and the controls with respect to DEXA analyses, trabecular bone volume, cancellous bone tissue area, cancellous bone perimeter, osteoclast count, serum osteocalcin, or bone-specific alkaline phosphatase.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, the presence of the first and second steps of fracture healing and the fact that the histological features closely resemble those of fracture repair validate the development and characterization of a new model for simulation of fracture repair. A long-term study with a therapeutically active dose of ibandronate shows that ibandronate does not impair BMD, bone structure, bone repair, coupling, and serum parameters for bone formation and turnover after long-term administration.
authors.affiliation: Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Pharma Research Penzberg, Germany. frieder.bauss@roche.com
authors.forename: Frieder
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bauss
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hört
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller-Beckmann
authors.forename: Gisbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sponer
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077557:Ibandronic Acid; D008297:Male; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010024:Osteoporosis
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000077557:Ibandronic Acid