title: D-Allose has a strong suppressive effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury: a comparative study with allopurinol and superoxide dismutase.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  D-Allose, a rare sugar, is one of the potent inhibitors of ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rat liver. To investigate the potency of this powerful agent we examined its effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury and compared it to that of allopurinol and superoxide dismutase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Lewis rats were given water ad libitum preoperatively for 12 h and anesthetized by isoflurane inhalation anesthesia. Drugs were administered through a polyethylene catheter inserted into the portal vein for 2 h (D-allose), 10 min (allopurinol), or 5 min (superoxide dismutase) before ischemia, and the livers were then subjected to 70% ischemia, induced by crossclamping the vessels to the lateral and median lobes of the liver for 90 min. Rats were divided into four groups: group 1, pretreated with vehicle (normal saline); group 2, treated with D-allose; group 3, treated with allopurinol; and group 4, treated with superoxide dismutase. The effects of the drugs were evaluated by liver hemodynamics, neutrophil count, myeloperoxidase, liver enzymes, and histological studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  D-Allose improved liver hemodynamics (P < 0.001) and postischemic animal survival (P < 0.05) significantly compared with the control group and nonsignificantly compared with the allopurinol and superoxide dismutase groups. Myeloperoxidase activity in the postischemic liver tissue was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by D-allose compared with all other treatment and control groups. Neutrophil count was also significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the D-allose group compared with than that in the control group, as well as the superoxide dismutase group. Only D-allose produced a statistically significant decrease in the level of liver enzymes, compared with levels in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The moderately protective effect of D-allose, which caused no clinical side effects, is encouraging. D-Allose had the best protective effect against neutrophil-related postischemic injury of the liver tissue, followed by allopurinol and superoxide dismutase. However, a more extensive study is needed to ensure the effects as well as the mechanisms of the effect of this rare sugar.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Kagawa Medical University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, 761-0793, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Mohammad Akram
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hossain
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izuishi
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tokuda
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Izumori
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeta
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005947:Glucose / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; C002055:allose; D000493:Allopurinol; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D005947:Glucose