title: Fast Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of the store-operated Ca2+ current (ISOC) in liver cells: a role for calmodulin.
abstract: Store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs) provide a major pathway for Ca2+ entry in non-excitable cells. SOCs in immortalized liver cells are highly selective for Ca2+ over other cations and are similar to well-studied Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels in haematopoietic cell lines. In the present work, employing H4IIE liver cells, we investigated fast inactivation of SOC current (ISOC), which occurs at membrane potentials below -60 mV. This inactivation was significantly reduced when BAPTA, a faster Ca2+ buffer, was used instead of EGTA, and was completely abolished if Na+ was used as a charge carrier in the absence of divalent cations in the external medium. These results suggested that fast inactivation of SOCs in H4IIE cells was Ca2+ dependent and was similar to the fast inactivation of CRAC channels. Experiments showing that the fast inactivation of ISOC was not affected by the disruption of actin by latrunculin B indicate that the cytoskeleton is unlikely to be involved. To elucidate the mechanism of Ca2+ dependence, a possible role of calmodulin (CaM) in SOCs' fast inactivation was investigated. The CaM inhibitors Mas-7 and calmidazolium failed to affect ISOC fast inactivation, whereas over-expression of a CaM inhibitor peptide or a mutant CaM lacking functional EF hands significantly altered the inactivation of ISOC. Out of two exponential components normally required to approximate kinetics of ISOC fast inactivation, the faster component was reduced in amplitude by 30%, compared to the control. The results presented suggest that CaM is responsible for at least part of Ca(2+)-dependent fast inactivation of ISOC in liver cells. It is hypothesized that CaM is tethered to the channel itself and therefore protected from chemical inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Litjens
authors.forename: M Lyn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Harland
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Barritt
authors.forename: Grigori Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Rychkov
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000502:physiology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D003572:Cytochalasins / Q000494:pharmacology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D015220:Calcium Channels; D002147:Calmodulin; D003572:Cytochalasins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007093:Imidazoles; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C084070:Mas7 protein, synthetic; D010455:Peptides; C031938:calmidazolium; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D002118:Calcium