title: Expression of G-CSF and GM-CSF in human meningiomas correlates with increased tumor proliferation and vascularization.
abstract: The hematopoietic growth factors granulocyte- and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (G-CSF and GM-CSF) are nowadays widely used in routine cancer therapies as potent factors to control radiation and chemotherapy induced neutropenia, a side effect that frequently endangers the success of tumor therapies. However, there is little information about the role of G-CSF and GM-CSF for tumor growth or progression. We were interested in the expression and potential role of both factors in human meningiomas, tumors of arachnoidal origin that account for about 20% of all primary intracranial tumors. Therefore, we analyzed immunohistochemically the protein expression of G-CSF, GM-CSF and their respective receptors in 30 meningioma tissues of different malignancy and histopathological type. Both factors and receptors were not expressed in the corresponding normal tissue. In contrast, G-CSF, GM-CSF and their receptors were expressed to a varying degree in human meningiomas. Increasing expression of both factors and receptors correlated significantly with enhanced proliferation in the tumor and thus with higher malignancy. In addition, a strong perivascular expression of G-CSF was associated with a highly vascularized tumor type. Thus, expression of both G-CSF and GM-CSF is associated with the expression of proliferation vascularization, two markers of an increasingly malignant tumor phenotype, suggesting a contribution of both factors to tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Darmstadt, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oeckler
authors.forename: Margareta M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002455:Cell Division; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008940:Mitotic Index; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor