title: Local expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in human gingival tissues.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) functions as a crucial molecule in innate host defense responses to bacterial challenge through neutralization of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and activation of cellular responses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was to investigate the expression profile and levels of LBP in gingival tissues and their associations with periodontal health and disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival biopsies were collected from 44 chronic periodontitis patients, including periodontal pocket tissues (PoTs) and the adjacent healthy gingival tissues (HT-Ps), as well as from 15 periodontally healthy subjects as controls (HT-Cs). The peptide and mRNA of LBP were detected by semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LBP peptide was detected in 90.9% of PoTs (20/22), 84.6% of HT-Ps (11/13) and all HT-Cs (7/7). The expression of LBP was mainly confined to the cytoplasm of granular and keratinized layers of gingival epithelium, spreading from the oral sulcular epithelium to oral epithelium with the expression density decreasing gradually from coronal to apical portion. LBP peptide was also found on endothelial surfaces and/or inside the lumens of blood vessels in connective tissues. The mean LBP expression levels in HT-Cs were significantly higher than those in HT-Ps and PoTs. LBP mRNA was detected in 55% of PoTs (11/20), 55% of HT-Ps (11/20) and 75% of HT-Cs (6/8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We for the first time found the expression of LBP peptide and mRNA in human gingival tissues. Local expression of LBP in gingival tissues might contribute to periodontal homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Periodontology, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Lijian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: W Keung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Leung
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000648:ultrastructure; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000473:pathology*; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein