title: Effect of heat treatment on bioactivities of enamel matrix derivatives in human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been shown that Emdogain (EMD) containing enamel matrix derivative has cementum- and osteo-promotive activities in vivo and in vitro. Nevertheless, the commercial sale of EMD was halted because it has some possible risk for infectiosity. At present, Emdogain Gel (Emd-Gel) containing the EMD heated to avoid the infectiosity is commercially available. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro bioactivities of Emd-Gel and EMD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells were used to study the effect of Emd-Gel and EMD on cell differentiation. The HPDL cells exposed to Emd-Gel and EMD were evaluated for the following effects: (i) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity; (ii) mitogenic (MTT) assay; (iii) biomineralization activity; (iv) gene expressions using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effect of EMD with or without heat treatment was examined for ALP activity on the cell differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of Emd-Gel on ALP activity was greater than that of EMD. It was confirmed from the effect of EMD with heat treatment at 60 degrees C, 80 degrees C and 100 degrees C on the ALP activity. The effect of Emd-Gel on the biomineralization activity was also greater than that of the EMD. The Emd-Gel has a stronger effect for the expression of osteoblast-like phenotype than the EMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the Emd-Gel has greater bioactivities than the EMD in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan. nagano-takatoshi@tsurumi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Yorimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukae
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oida
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000187:drug effects; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005782:Gels; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010513:Periodontal Ligament / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D010641:Phenotype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D005782:Gels; D008934:Mitogens; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; D013844:Thiazoles; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; C038550:propylene glycol alginate ester; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C022616:thiazolyl blue