title: Comprehending the role of LPS in Gram-negative bacterial vaginosis: ogling into the causes of unfulfilled child-wish.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrauterine infection is frequently associated with pregnancy loss in pregnant women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article reviews the role of Gram-negative bacterial infection in various complications related to early pregnancy and subsequent pregnancy loss. Here we discuss the pathways of ascending intrauterine infection, microbiology and the pathophysiology of such infections. The clinical impact, therapy, consequences, prevention and implications of Gram-negative bacterial infections in women during their reproductive life span is also discussed. This article also makes an attempt to discuss our studies and findings, related to the effect of the LPS component of the Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin on preimplantation stage embryonic development and implantation. This early phase of pregnancy remains mostly unnoticed by the mother as well as the health care provider, and therefore holds more threat to the life of the fetus and the mother. The molecular mechanisms of LPS-induced pregnancy losses through abnormal embryonic development, implantation failure, and preterm labor and birth with specific references to the role of proinflammatory cytokines like IL-1 and TNF are discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Once these inflammatory mediators have increased in the feto-maternal tissues, it may be too late or harmful to try and prevent the adverse outcomes of pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology and Reproductive Immunology Laboratory, School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, 474 011 (MP) Gwalior, India. kaushik.deb@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Kaushik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.forename: Madan Mohan
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Yogesh Kumar
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Jaiswal
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000382:microbiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides