title: Methylation status of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 gene in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Silencing of the suppressor of cytokine signaling ( SOCS-1) by aberrant methylation at the CpG island in the coding region gene has been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, principally, it is methylation in the 5'-noncoding region but not that in the coding region which determines the regulation of gene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methylation-specific PCR was performed for the analysis of methylation status both in the 5'-noncoding region and the CpG island of SOCS-1 from 22 HCC tissue samples with adjacent non-HCC tissue samples and from two cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using primers in the CpG island, 9 of 22 HCC samples exhibited aberrant methylation of SOCS-1, while only 1 of 22 adjacent non-HCC samples did so. The unmethylation pattern was detected in 1 of 22 HCC and in 5 of 22 non-HCC samples. Thus, aberrant methylation of SOCS-1 was significantly associated with HCC ( P = 0.0076 by Fisher's exact test). Using primers in the 5'-noncoding region, aberrant methylation was observed in 12 of 22 HCC and in 2 non-HCC samples. The unmethylated pattern was observed in 5 of 22 HCC and in 10 of 22 non-HCC samples ( P = 0.0042). There was no significant correlation between the methylation status of SOCS-1 and clinicopathological findings, such as the presence or absence of cirrhosis or the histological grade of HCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aberrant methylation of the SOCS-1 had a significant correlation with HCC. The rate of aberrant methylation was similar in the 5'-noncoding region and in the CpG island. Aberrant methylation of SOCS-1 may be associated with hepatocarcinogenesis, although further studies are necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujie
authors.forename: Kyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Yoshizumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Takeya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins