title: Analysis of RB action in DNA damage checkpoint response.
abstract: Cell cycle checkpoints play a key role in maintaining genome stability by monitoring the order and integrity of cell division events. Checkpoints induced by DNA damage function to limit the propagation of potentially deleterious mutations. The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB) is a critical effector of DNA damage checkpoint function by eliciting G1-phase cell cycle arrest following genotoxic stress. Here, we describe methodologies for evaluation of three facets of RB action in the DNA damage checkpoint response: (1) transcriptional repression of E2F-regulated genes (cyclin A reporter assay); (2) induction of cell cycle arrest (Brd-U incorporation assay); and (3) inhibition of DNA double-strand break accumulation (phosphorylated-histone H2A.X detection). Together, this combination of techniques allows the evaluation of RB action in the coordinated checkpoint response to DNA damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Mayhew
authors.forename: Emily E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Erik S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Angus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018816:Genes, cdc / Q000502:physiology*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; C468783:H2AX protein, human; D006657:Histones; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D002945:Cisplatin