title: Feature extraction and signal processing for nylon DNA microarrays.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-density DNA microarrays require automatic feature extraction methodologies and softwares. These can be a potential source of non-reproducibility of gene expression measurements. Variation in feature location or in signal integration methodology may be a significant contribution to the observed variance in gene expression levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We explore sources of variability in feature extraction from DNA microarrays on Nylon membrane with radioactive detection. We introduce a mathematical model of the signal emission and derive methods for correcting biases such as overshining, saturation or variation in probe amount. We also provide a quality metric which can be used qualitatively to flag weak or untrusted signals or quantitatively to modulate the weight of each experiment or gene in higher level analyses (clustering or discriminant analysis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our novel feature extraction methodology, based on a mathematical model of the radioactive emission, reduces variability due to saturation, neighbourhood effects and variable probe amount. Furthermore, we provide a fully automatic feature extraction software, BZScan, which implements the algorithms described in this paper.
authors.affiliation: TAGC, INSERM-ERM 206, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France. lopez@tagc.univ-mrs.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rougemont
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Loriod
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourgeois
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loï
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertucci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hingamp
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Houlgatte
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Granjeaud
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015982:Bias; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry; D019729:Carbon-Oxygen Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D003720:Densitometry; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D051379:Mice; D009757:Nylons; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D018744:DNA, Plant; D009757:Nylons; D010761:Phosphorus Radioisotopes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019729:Carbon-Oxygen Ligases; C026901:chlorophyll synthetase