title: Changes in anti-Müllerian hormone serum concentrations over time suggest delayed ovarian ageing in normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), produced by growing pre-antral and early antral ovarian follicles, has been shown to be a useful marker for ovarian ageing. Serum AMH concentrations are elevated during reproductive life in anovulatory women, especially in those patients exhibiting polycystic ovaries (PCO). The current study was designed to investigate whether the decrease in AMH serum concentrations over time is different comparing women with normogonadotrophic anovulation [World Health Organization (WHO) group 2 (including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)] and normo-ovulatory controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AMH serum levels were assessed on two occasions in 98 patients suffering from WHO 2 anovulatory infertility as well as in 41 normo-ovulatory premenopausal women. Median time interval between both visits was 2.6 years (range 0.3-9.0) for WHO 2 patients compared with 1.6 years (range 1.0-7.3) in controls. Serum AMH concentrations were significantly (P < 0.0001) elevated on both occasions in WHO 2 patients (AMH1, median = 7.5 microg/l, range 0.1-35.8; and AMH2, median = 6.7 microg/l, range 0.0-30.6) compared with controls (AMH1, median = 2.1 microg/l, range 0.1-7.4; and AMH2, median = 1.3 microg/l, range 0.0-5.0). Regression analysis, corrected for age, indicated a significant relative decrease in serum AMH concentrations over time for both groups (P < 0.001). However, the decline in serum AMH in WHO 2 patients was significantly less compared with controls (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present longitudinal study shows that serum AMH concentrations decrease over time both in women presenting with WHO 2 anovulatory infertility and in normo-ovulatory controls. The decrease in WHO 2 patients is less pronounced despite distinctly elevated concentrations. This observation may suggest retarded ovarian ageing and hence a sustained reproductive life span in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annemarie G M G J
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mulders
authors.forename: Joop S E
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Laven
authors.forename: Marinus J C
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Eijkemans
authors.forename: Frank H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Axel P N
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Themmen
authors.forename: Bart C J M
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Fauser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000858:Anovulation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010053:Ovary / Q000254:growth & development*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013735:Testicular Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D013735:Testicular Hormones; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone