title: Correlations among neural cell adhesion molecule, nerve growth factor, and its receptors, TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and p75, in perineural invasion by basal cell and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neural cell adhesion molecule; nerve growth factor; and its receptors TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and p75(NGFR) regulate unique survival pathways in the cells of different noncutaneous malignancies exhibiting a perineural invasive phenotype. Their expression is currently unknown in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma exhibiting perineural invasion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate neural cell adhesion molecule, nerve growth factor, TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and p75(NGFR) expression when perineural invasion occurs in basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four basal cell carcinomas and five cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas that were perineural invasion-positive and four basal cell carcinomas and three cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas that were perineural invasion-negative were evaluated for the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule, nerve growth factor, TrkA, TrkB, TrkC, and p75(NGFR) by immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For neural cell adhesion molecule, six of eight basal cell carcinomas and two of eight cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas stained positive. For nerve growth factor, seven of nine perineural invasion-positive and six of seven perineural invasion-negative tumors stained moderately or greater. For TrkA, B, and C, the perineural invasion-positive cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas generally stained darker than the perineural invasion-negative cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas. For p75(NGFR), four of five perineural invasion-positive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma stain patterns indicated that p75(NGFR) expression was higher perineurally than elsewhere in the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, the presence of neural cell adhesion molecule may determine tumor aggression and increased levels of nerve growth factor and TrkA, B, and C may reflect unique survival pathways. Higher levels of expression of Trk receptors in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cells may predict perineural invasion and the increased p75(NGFR) expression found in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma perineurally may allow p75(NGFR) immunohistochemical staining to be used for detecting sites of perineural invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. cpctsai1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Catherine P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chen-Tsai
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colome-Grimmer
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020917:Receptor, trkA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020813:Receptor, trkB / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020812:Receptor, trkC / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D020917:Receptor, trkA; D020813:Receptor, trkB; D020812:Receptor, trkC