title: Contribution of apolipoprotein E and cathepsin D genotypes to the familial aggregation of Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The familial aggregation of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) might be caused by the clustering of genetic risk factors in families. This study investigates the influence of variants of candidate genes on the familial aggregation of AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  The occurrence of AD was examined in 1,420 first-degree relatives of 70 AD patients and 144 nondemented controls classified by the presence of AD and relevant candidate genes in index subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relatives of nondemented controls with an apolipoprotein E4 or a cathepsin D T allele had a higher cumulative lifetime incidence of AD than relatives of subjects without the respective alleles. This effect was not detected in relatives of AD patients. Variants of the interleukin-6, bleomycin hydrolase and alpha(2)-macroglobulin genes did not significantly influence the (age-adjusted) risk of AD in relatives.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Familial aggregation of late-onset AD is likely to be caused by several genetic risk factors. Variants of the apolipoprotein E and cathepsin D genes influenced the risk of AD in relatives of nondemented control subjects. The lack of an influence of these genotypes on the risk of AD in relatives of AD subjects may be the consequence of complementary reductions of other genetic risk factors such as various, yet unknown susceptibility genes in patients and, consequently, in their first-degree relatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. heun@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heun
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ptok
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kölsch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jessen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002402:Cathepsin D / Q000235:genetics*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D015161:Dementia, Multi-Infarct / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D012016:Reference Values; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D002402:Cathepsin D