Vascular physiology and pathology of circulating xanthine oxidoreductase: from nucleotide sequence to functional enzyme.
The evolutionarily conserved, cofactor-dependent, enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase exists in both cell-associated and circulatory forms. The exact role of the circulating form is not known; however, several putative physiological and pathological functions have been suggested that range from purine catabolism to a mediator of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Regulation of gene expression, cofactor synthesis and insertion, post-translational conversion, entry into the circulation, and putative physiological and pathological roles for human circulating xanthine oxidoreductase are discussed.
Hewinson
James
J
School for Health, University of Bath, UK.
Stevens
Cliff R
CR
Millar
Timothy M
TM
D000208:Acute Disease; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001775:Blood Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology; D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
D014968:Xanthine Dehydrogenase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase