title: Unique gene expression program of human germinal center T helper cells.
abstract: Gene expression profiling was used to compare the gene expression patterns of human germinal center (GC) T helper (Th) cells with other CD4+ T-cell subsets (naive, central, and effector memory T cells). GC-Th cells, specifically localized in germinal centers to help B cells, are distantly related to central and effector memory T cells in global gene expression profiles. GC-Th cells displayed substantial differences in mRNA for adhesion molecules, chemoattractant receptors, and cytokines compared with other populations. Distinct expression of transcriptional factors by GC-Th cells is consistent with the hypothesis that they may be different from other T cells in cell lineage. Interestingly, CXCL13, a critical chemokine for B-cell entry to lymphoid follicles, is one of the most highly up-regulated genes in GC-Th cells. GC-Th cells (but not other T cells) produce and secrete large amounts of functional CXCL13 upon T-cell receptor activation, a process that is dependent on costimulation, requires translation and transcription, and is dramatically enhanced by activation in the presence of GC-B cells. This study revealed for the first time the unique gene expression program of GC-Th cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathobiology, Purdue Cancer Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. chkim@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Chang H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Jong R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Lusijah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rott
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hillsamer
authors.forename: Eugene C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Butcher
mesh_terms: D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002633:Chemotaxis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018858:Germinal Center / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C110663:CXCL13 protein, human; D054382:Chemokine CXCL13; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D012333:RNA, Messenger