title: Pitfalls of nonstandardized photography in facial plastic surgery patients.
abstract: The authors tested the hypothesis that certain maneuvers (neck flexion/extension and head protrusion/retrusion) alter the appearance of the submental area, jawline, and melolabial groove. They used a questionnaire survey of 20 naïve judges who assessed a standardized photograph album of three subjects. The subjects' faces (frontal and lateral views) were photographed in neutral, neck flexion/extension, and head protrusion/retrusion positions. High Kendall coefficients of correlation were observed in 10 of 12 questions evaluating an improvement in jawline definition with neck extension or head protrusion, as well as in 11 of 12 questions assessing decreased submental soft tissue. All questions relating to the melolabial groove had a correlation coefficient of less than 0.70. Small changes in patient positioning during photodocumentation for facial plastic surgical procedures can cause dramatic changes in the appearance of certain parameters. Standardizing patient positioning for preoperative and postoperative photographs is imperative.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. ddsommer@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Doron D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Martyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mendelsohn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery; D010781:Photography / Q000592:standards*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012092:Replantation