title: TRIO amplification and abundant mRNA expression is associated with invasive tumor growth and rapid tumor cell proliferation in urinary bladder cancer.
abstract: Studies by comparative genome hybridization have suggested that 5p amplification is related to tumor progression in urinary bladder cancer. In this study seven genes (TAS2R, ADCY2, DNAH5, CTNND2, TRIO, ANKH, and MYO10) located to 5p15.31-5p15.1 were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a tissue microarray containing samples from tumors and cell lines with known 5p amplification by comparative genome hybridization. Amplification frequency was highest for TRIO, which maps to 5p15.2 and encodes a protein with a putative role in cell-cycle regulation. To further investigate the role of TRIO amplification in bladder cancer, a tissue microarray containing samples from 2317 bladder tumors was used for fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. TRIO amplification was strongly associated with invasive tumor phenotype, high tumor grade, and rapid tumor cell proliferation (Ki67 LI) (P < 0.0001 each). Only 7 of 456 pTaG1/G2 tumors (1.5%) but 62 of 485 pT1-4 carcinomas (12.8%) had TRIO amplification. TRIO amplification was not associated with poor prognosis. Using a frozen bladder tumor tissue microarray RNA in situ hybridization confirmed that TRIO is up-regulated in amplified tumors. It is concluded that TRIO up-regulation through amplification has a potential role in bladder cancer progression.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirlacher
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gasser
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Pierre Andre
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mihatsch
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sauter
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schraml
mesh_terms: D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D005784:Gene Amplification; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C099628:TRIO protein, human