Differentiating infection from vaccination in foot-and-mouth-disease: evaluation of an ELISA based on recombinant 3ABC.
Recent devastating outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Europe have reopened the discussion about the adequacy of the non-vaccination strategy implemented by the EU in 1991. Here we describe the evaluation of a new commercially available test kit for the discrimination between vaccination and infection. The test is based on the detection of antibodies against the recombinant non-structural (NS) protein 3ABC. In contrast to immunization with vaccines free of 3ABC, these antibodies are elicited as a consequence of infection. Testing more than 3600 negative sera from several countries revealed a specificity of > 99% for bovine, ovine, and porcine samples. Antibodies specific for 3ABC can be detected as soon as 10 days post-infection. As compared with the occurrence of antibodies against structural proteins of FMDV, anti-3ABC antibodies can be detected 5-10 days later, depending on the species. No anti-3ABC antibodies were detected in sera from vaccination experiments or in field sera from vaccinated animals. However, anti-3ABC antibodies can be detected in vaccinated animals upon challenge. These results provide evidence that this test can facilitate the use of vaccines in new strategies against FMD.
Bruderer
U
U
Bommeli Diagnostics, Stationsstr. 12, CH-Liebefeld Bern, Switzerland. urs.bruderer@intervet.com
Swam
H
H
Haas
B
B
Visser
N
N
Brocchi
E
E
Grazioli
S
S
Esterhuysen
J J
JJ
Vosloo
W
W
Forsyth
M
M
Aggarwal
N
N
Cox
S
S
Armstrong
R
R
Anderson
J
J
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005060:Europe; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D029544:Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D009500:Neutralization Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
C109754:3ABC protein, virus; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins