title: Infrared thermography: a rapid, portable, and accurate technique to detect experimental pneumothorax.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pneumothorax (Ptx) is a life-threatening complication that can result from trauma, mechanical ventilation, and invasive procedures. Infrared thermography (IRT), a compact and portable technology, has become highly sensitive. We hypothesized that IRT could detect Ptx by identifying associated changes in skin temperature.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral nonpenetrating chest incisions or needle punctures were performed in 21 anesthetized rats. Rats were then randomized to no, bilateral, left, or right Ptx by either open (n = 16) or closed percutaneous (n = 5) puncture through selected pleurae. Real-time thermographic images and surface temperature data were acquired with a noncooled infrared camera.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, blinded observers correctly identified each Ptx with real-time grayscale image analysis. When compared to either the ipsilateral baseline or an abdominal reference, experimental Ptx produced a significantly greater decrease in surface temperature when compared to non-Ptx control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that portable infrared imaging can rapidly and accurately detect changes in thoracic surface temperature associated with experimental pneumothorax.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Medical Wing D Room 186, CB #7228, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7228 USA. prich@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Preston B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Dulabon
authors.forename: Christelle D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Douillet
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Listwa
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Ben L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Zarzaur
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pearlstein
authors.forename: Laurence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008297:Male; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013817:Thermography; D013909:Thorax / Q000503:physiopathology