title: The risk of hyponatremia in older adults using desmopressin for nocturia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incidence of hyponatremia in older adults who use nasal or oral desmopressin to treat nocturia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and randomised controlled trials of the use of nasal or oral desmopressin for older adults with nocturia. The incidence of hyponatremia was estimated by a random effects model for binomial data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-five papers were identified by the literature review of which 14 were reports of randomised trials or cohort studies. Seven studies reported the incidence of hyponatremia. The pooled estimate for the incidence of hyponatremia was 7.6% (95% CI 3.7-15.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyponatremia is a relatively common adverse effect of the use of desmopressin for the treatment of nocturia and caution and regular monitoring should be part of the use of this management option for nocturia in older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rehabilitation Teaching and Research Unit, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wellington South, Wellington, New Zealand. markw@wnmeds.ac.nz
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weatherall
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D012076:Renal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D012076:Renal Agents; D003894:Deamino Arginine Vasopressin