title: The New Zealand Socio-economic Index of Occupational Status: methodological revision and imputation for missing data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To revise and update the New Zealand Socio-economic Index (NZSEI) in the light of methodological issues in its construction, and to develop an imputation method for use where occupational information is not available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were drawn from the following New Zealand national surveys: 1996 Population Census; 1996/97 and 1997/98 Household Economic Surveys; 1996/97 Household Health Survey. Three sets of statistical analyses were applied: alternating least squares to generate socio-economic scores; cluster and discriminant function analyses to identify cut-points; and regression and logistic regression to develop and test imputation methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Socio-economic scores for the full-time workforce in 1996 showed a different distribution, but much the same occupational ordering, as in 1991. The introduction of part-time workers and income adjustment multipliers for self-employed workers significantly affected scores for management and agricultural titles. The application of cluster and discriminant function analyses generated six groupings that were relatively distinct occupationally. An imputation method based on an averaging of scores within age/qualification categories was found to achieve acceptable results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methodological improvements in the construction of the NZSEI have enhanced its empirical robustness, while a simple imputation technique has widened the potential application of the scale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and General Practice, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand. peter.davis@chmeds.ac.nz
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jenkin
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coope
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blakely
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sporle
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kiro
mesh_terms: D003625:Data Collection; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D009520:New Zealand; D009790:Occupations; D012923:Social Class