title: A potential role of 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 for induction of human articular chondrocyte apoptosis in arthritis.
abstract: The cyclopentenone prostaglandin (PG) J2 is formed within the cyclopentenone ring of the endogenous prostaglandin PG D2 by a nonenzymatic reaction. The PG J family is involved in mediating various biological effects including the regulation of cell cycle progression and inflammatory responses. Here we demonstrate the potential role of 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PG J2) in human articular chondrocyte apoptosis. 15d-PG J2 was released by human articular chondrocytes and found in joint synovial fluids taken from osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) up-regulated chondrocyte release of 15d-PG J2. PG D2 synthase mRNA expression was up-regulated by IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, or nitric oxide. 15d-PG J2 induced apoptosis of chondrocytes from osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis patients as well as control nonarthritic subjects in a time- and dose-dependent manner and in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-dependent manner. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression was up-regulated by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Inhibition of NF-kappaB, and the activation of p38 MAPK were also found to be involved in 15d-PG J2-induced chondrocyte apoptosis. Such signal pathways led to the activation of the downstream pro-apoptotic molecule p53 and caspase cascades. Together, these results suggest that 15d-PGJ2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritic joint destruction via a regulation of chondrocyte apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioregulation, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 216-8512, Japan.
authors.forename: Zheng-Zheng
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masuko-Hongo
authors.forename: Sheng-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Kusuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishioka
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D017931:DNA Primers; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008024:Ligands; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D017931:DNA Primers; D008024:Ligands; D047495:PPAR gamma; D015230:Prostaglandin D2