title: Effect of long-term exposure to pesticides on plasma esterases from plastic greenhouse workers.
abstract: Previous reports in animals considered beta-glucuronidase activity as a novel biomarker of anticholinesterase (organophosphates and carbamates) pesticides exposure. Acid phosphatase activity was also shown to increase after organophosphates exposure. In addition, there is evidence that the paraoxonase status influences sensitivity to specific pesticides. In this study, activities of beta-glucuronidase, acid phosphatase, cholinesterase, and paraoxonase were measured in plasma from plastic greenhouse workers exposed over the long term to different pesticides, including organophosphates and carbamates, in order to evaluate the potential chronic toxicity of pesticides at occupational level. Our results show that activities of paraoxonase and cholinesterase were decreased in applicators of pesticides compared to non-applicators. Likewise, it was found that activities of beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase were associated with pesticide exposure in humans, and that both biochemical parameters were related to each other. Interestingly, the paraoxonase B allele (phenotyped in plasma) was associated with a higher risk of inhibition of cholinesterase activity above a 25% level, which supports the hypothesis that paraoxonase phenotypes are associated with susceptibility of humans to anticholinesterase pesticides toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain. ajerez@ugr.es
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: M Amparo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Lourdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villanueva
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pla
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D004950:Esterases / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D010641:Phenotype; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010575:Pesticides; D004950:Esterases; D002802:Cholinesterases; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase; C468406:PON1 protein, human; D005966:Glucuronidase