title: The Warfarin/Aspirin Study in Heart failure (WASH): a randomized trial comparing antithrombotic strategies for patients with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heart failure is commonly associated with vascular disease and a high rate of athero-thrombotic events, but the risks and benefits of antithrombotic therapy are unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study was an open-label, randomized, controlled trial comparing no antithrombotic therapy, aspirin (300 mg/day), and warfarin (target international normalized ratio 2.5) in patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction requiring diuretic therapy. The primary objective was to demonstrate the feasibility and inform the design of a larger outcome study. The primary clinical outcome was death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred seventy-nine patients were randomized and 627 patient-years exposure were accumulated over a mean follow-up time of 27 +/- 1 months. Twenty-six (26%), 29 (32%), and 23 (26%) patients randomized to no antithrombotic treatment, aspirin, and warfarin, respectively, reached the primary outcome (ns). There were trends to a worse outcome among those randomized to aspirin for a number of secondary outcomes. Significantly (P =.044) more patients randomized to aspirin were hospitalized for cardiovascular reasons, especially worsening heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Warfarin/Aspirin Study in Heart failure (WASH) provides no evidence that aspirin is effective or safe in patients with heart failure. The benefits of warfarin for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm have not been established. Antithrombotic therapy in patients with heart failure is not evidence based but commonly contributes to polypharmacy.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit, Department of Cardiology, Castlehill Hospital, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, United Kingdom. J.G.Cleland@hull.ac.uk
authors.forename: J G F
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Findlay
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jafri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bulpitt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Prentice
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trainer
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Poole-Wilson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin