title: Diagnosis of small-bowel varices by capsule endoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Capsule endoscopy is being used increasingly to investigate GI bleeding of obscure origin and disorders of the small bowel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four cases of small-bowel varices of various etiologies diagnosed by capsule endoscopy are described: a bleeding small-bowel varix because of hepatic portal hypertension, oozing small-bowel anastomotic or adhesion-related varices, small-bowel varices secondary to mesenteric vein thrombosis, and "idiopathic intestinal varices."
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a 12-month period, small-bowel varices were found in 4 of 46 patients (8.7%) who underwent capsule endoscopy for GI bleeding. Fresh blood adjacent to the varices was documented in 3 patients. The small-bowel varices had serpiginous or nodular shapes, with or without a bluish coloration. The variceal mucosa appeared mosaic-like, shining, or normal compared with surrounding mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capsule endoscopy is invaluable for the diagnosis of small-bowel varices. It is highly sensitive for detection of fresh blood in the small bowel. Clinical suspicion, capsule endoscopy image recognition, and alertness during capsule endoscopy interpretation are keys to diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Therapeutic Endoscopy and Endoscopic, Oncology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Shou-jiang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zanati
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dubcenco
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirocco
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kandel
authors.forename: Gregory B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kortan
authors.forename: Norman E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Marcon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014648:Varicose Veins / Q000175:diagnosis*