title: The influence of different intermittent myofeedback training schedules on learning relaxation of the trapezius muscle while performing a gross-motor task.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of different intermittent myofeedback training schedules, as provided by a Cinderella-based myofeedback system, on learning relaxation and resistance to extinction of the trapezius muscle, in subjects performing a unilateral gross-motor task. Eighteen healthy subjects performed the task without and with feedback to study baseline and learning relaxation. Subsequently, resistance to extinction was investigated by performing the task without feedback. The gross-motor task consisted of continuously moving the dominant arm between three target areas at a constant pace. Subjects were randomly assigned into three groups, characterized by the sequence of feedback schedules with which the task was performed on 3 consecutive days. Auditory feedback was provided after a 5-, 10-, or 20-s interval when a pre-set level of 80% rest was not reached. Bipolar surface electromyography recordings performed at the dominant upper trapezius muscle were quantified using relative rest time (RRT) and root mean square (RMS) parameters. Learning relaxation was defined as an increase in RRT and a decrease in RMS values. Results showed the highest RRT levels as well as a decrease in RMS for the 10-s schedule. Additionally, the 10-s schedule was unique in its ability to elevate muscular rest above the 20% level, which may be considered relevant in preventing myalgia. None of the three schedules showed resistance to extinction. It was concluded that the 10-s interval was preferred over the 5- and 20-s schedules in learning trapezius relaxation in subjects performing a unilateral gross-motor task.
authors.affiliation: Roessingh Research and Development, P.O. Box 310, 7500 AH, Enschede, The Netherlands. g.voerman@rrd.nl
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Voerman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandsjö
authors.forename: M M R
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vollenbroek-Hutten
authors.forename: C G M
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Groothuis-Oudshoorn
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hermens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis