title: Use your words!
abstract: "Use your words!" is a phrase admonishing preschoolers to divert their action-proneness to thought and language. Freud's injunction against acting out had a similar aim, placing control over drives in the domain of "inner language." The twenty-first-century psychoanalyst continues to employ models that depend on mentalization viewed from two angles-neural inhibition and social discourse. Psychoanalysts bolster their position by borrowing from the basic scientific work in each area. The recent focus on enactments, intersubjectivity, and social constructivism is reconsidered from an historical vantage point, as is the work that seeks to reconcile recent findings in neuroimaging and cognitive neuroscience. Freud's vision included a holistic hope that a comprehensive science of human beings might be achieved by understanding derived from biological inquiry and the artifacts of social and cultural narratives. The author's experience in both domains is recounted, and a new reconciliation of disparate approaches is offered in linguistic complementarity.
authors.affiliation: Weill Medical College of Cornell University, USA. tshapiro@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D003142:Communication; D005197:Famous Persons; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008037:Linguistics; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000639:trends; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000266:history*; D011572:Psychoanalysis / Q000266:history* / Q000379:methods*