Kinetic resolution of chiral alpha-olefins using optically active ansa-zirconocene polymerization catalysts.
A series of enantiopure C1-symmetric metallocenes, [(SiMe2)2[eta5-C5H(CHMe2)2][eta5-C5H2((S)-CHMeCMe3)]]ZrCl2, (S)-2, [(SiMe2)2[eta5-C5H(CHEt2)2][eta5-C5H2((S)-CHMeCMe3)]]ZrCl2, (S)-6, and [(SiMe2)2[eta5-C5HCy2][eta5-C5H2((S)-CHMeCMe3)]]ZrCl2, (S)-7 (Cy = cyclohexyl), zirconocene dichlorides that have an enantiopure methylneopentyl substituent on the "upper" cyclopentadienyl ligand, and diastereomerically pure precatalysts, [(SiMe2)2[eta5-C5H((S)-CHMeCy)(CHMe2)][eta5-C5H3]]ZrCl2, (S)-8a and (S)-8b, which have an enantiopure, 1-cyclohexylethyl substituent on the "lower" cyclopentadienyl ligand, has been synthesized for use in the polymerization of chiral alpha-olefins. When activated with methylaluminoxane, these metallocenes show unprecedented activity for the polymerization of bulky racemic monomers bearing substitution at the 3- and/or 4-positions. Due to the optically pure nature of these single site catalysts, they effect kinetic resolution of racemic monomers: the polymeric product is enriched with the faster reacting enantiomer, while recovered monomer is enriched with the slower reacting enantiomer. The two components are easily separated. For most olefins surveyed, a partial kinetic resolution was achieved (s = k(faster)/k(slower) approximately 2), but, in one case, the polymerization of 3,4-dimethyl-1-pentene, high levels of separation were obtained (s > 15). (13)C NMR spectroscopy of poly(3-methyl-1-pentene) produced with (S)-2 indicates that the polymers are highly isotactic materials. X-ray crystal structure determinations for (S)-2, [(SiMe2)2[eta5-C5H(CHMe2)2][eta5-C5H2((S)-CHMeCMe3)]]Zr(SC6H5)2, (S)-6, and (S)-7 have been used in combination with molecular mechanics calculations to examine the prevailing steric interactions expected in the diastereomeric transition states for propagation during polymerization. Precatalysts (S)-8a and (S)-8b are less selective polymerization catalysts for the kinetic resolution of 3-methyl-1-pentene than are (S)-2, (S)-6, and (S)-7.
Baar
Cliff R
CR
Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Levy
Christopher J
CJ
Min
Endy Y-J
EY
Henling
Lawrence M
LM
Day
Michael W
MW
Bercaw
John E
JE