title: Low dose BCG as adjuvant therapy for superficial bladder cancer and literature review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) at low doses has long been employed as prophylactic and therapeutic treatment for superficial cancer of the urinary bladder, aiming at reducing toxicity while maintaining efficacy. A retrospective review was reported, together with a review of the literature with respect to a low dose BCG regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five consecutive patients with superficial bladder cancer (Ta or T1) with one or more of the appropriate criteria (grade above 1, stage above a, size >1 cm, multiple or recurrent), after complete transurethral resection, received 27 mg Connaught strain BCG weekly for 6 weeks. There was no maintenance therapy. Patients were evaluated with urine cytology and cystoscopy. Recurrence, progression and death were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a median follow up of 14 (range 3-61) months, 24 (53%) of the 45 patients responded to one course of 6 weekly BCG without recurrence. A further group of 13 (29%) patients responded to a second course of BCG on recurrence. Disease progressed in one (2.2%) patient. Two (4.4%) patients died of an unrelated condition. There was no disease specific mortality. Side-effects were common but well tolerated, with only two (4.4%) cases of treatment interruption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low dose BCG could be an alternative option of adjuvant therapy for superficial bladder cancer with acceptable toxicity and good compliance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China. drmcheng@hotmail.com
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D001500:BCG Vaccine