title: Eight genotypes (A-H) of hepatitis B virus infecting patients from San Francisco and their demographic, clinical, and virological characteristics.
abstract: Clinical lines of evidence have been accumulated that hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes have characteristic geographical distributions and distinct clinical impact on liver diseases. The distribution of HBV genotypes was determined with reference to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in 165 patients with hepatitis B in San Francisco. HBV genotypes were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the unclassified samples were sequenced within the S region for phylogenetic analysis. Genotype A occurred in 60 (36%) patients, B in 16 (10%), C in 56 (34%), D in 19 (12%), E in 1 (1%), F in 1 (1%), G in 8 (5%), and H in 4 (2%). Caucasians were infected predominantly with HBV genotype A (HBV/A) (38 of 57 [67%]), Asians with HBV/C (45 of 63 [71%]), and Hispanics with HBV/F and HBV/H (4 of 9 [44%]). Serum ALT levels were higher in the patients infected with HBV/A (P = 0.03) or HBV/G (P = 0.02) than HBV/C. HBeAg was more frequent in patients infected with HBV/G than HBV/C or HBV/D (7 of 8 [88%] vs. 25 of 56 [45%] or 6 of 19 [32%], P = 0.03 or 0.01). In conclusion, eight genotypes (A-H) were identified in San Francisco in association with various ethnicities and then influenced ALT levels as well as the prevalence of serum HBeAg. HBV genotype H might be identified by combination of preS2 serotpe bksf and HBsAg serotype adw.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Molecular Informative Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Gish
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bzowej
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Newsom
authors.forename: Fuminaka
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sugauchi
authors.forename: Yasuhito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takanobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Etsuro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Orito
authors.forename: Sadakazu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usuda
authors.forename: Ryuzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Yuzo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyakawa
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizokami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008963:Molar; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D015995:Prevalence; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012495:San Francisco / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012703:Serotyping; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D011498:Protein Precursors; C050807:presurface protein 2, hepatitis B surface antigen