title: Laparoscopically assisted transhiatal resection for malignancies of the distal esophagus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Resection of the esophagus remains the only curative therapy for esophageal cancer. Conventional resections are right-side thoracotomy in combination with laparotomy, gastric tube creation, and the transhiatal approach according to Orringer. This study evaluated laparoscopically assisted transhiatal esophagus resection, which offers perfect visualization of the esophagus during mediastinal dissection without the necessity of a thoracotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, 25 laparoscopically assisted transhiatal esophagus resections were compared with a historical control group consisting of 20 open transhiatal esophagus resections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine laparoscopically assisted resections (36%) were converted to open procedures. The operating time was longer in the laparoscopically assisted group (300 vs 257 min; p < 0.05), but laparoscopically assisted esophagus resection was associated with less blood loss (600 vs 900 ml; p < 0.05) and shorter intensive care unit stay (1 vs 2 days; p < 0.05). There were no differences in morbidity, mortality, and hospital stay. During a shorter follow-up time for the laparoscopic group (17 vs 54 months), 11 patients (44%) in the laparoscopically assisted group and 10 (50%) patients in the open group had recurrence of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopically assisted transhiatal esophagus resection is a safe procedure with important advantages, as compared with the open procedure, such as less blood loss and shorter intensive care unit stay. At this point, the oncologic consequences are not clear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, VU Medisch Centrum, Postbus 7057, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Van den Broek
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Makay
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Berends
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: A P J
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Houdijk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cuesta
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D015391:Gastroplasty; D005774:Gastrostomy; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged