title: Effect of formalin on extraction of mRNA from a formalin-fixed sample: a basic investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The validity of molecular studies using RNA extracted from decades-old formalin-fixed and embedded tissue blocks is well documented. Formalin-fixed samples are, however, known to be poor materials for molecular biological applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of formalin as a preservation agent on RNA quality and relevant molecular applications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The quantity and quality of RNA from liver tissues are modified by the fixation time. Rat liver tissues were harvested and fixed for 4, 8, 12, and 24 h in 10% buffer formalin, and only 9% of RNA could be extracted from the formalin-fixed tissue stored for 4 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agarose gel electrophoresis did not show the characteristic pattern of RNA with 18S and 28S in all lanes. Based on the results, it is thought that the RNA was damaged owing to one or more of the following reasons: 1) formalin directly degrades RNA, 2) formalin inactivates RNase, and/or 3) formalin destroys the reagent for extraction of RNA. In this study, it was shown by electrophoresis that very little RNA was extracted by Trizol with 1% formalin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Formalin has direct and indirect ill effects on RNA during the extraction process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000737:chemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic / Q000378:metabolism; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006146:Guanidines; D010636:Phenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C411644:trizol; D005557:Formaldehyde; D012259:Ribonuclease, Pancreatic