title: Induction of inflammatory host immune responses by organisms belonging to the genera Chlamydia/Chlamydophila.
abstract: Chlamydia/Chlamydophila are a family of intracellular gram-negative bacteria that infect their hosts primarily via mucosal epithelia. Chronic disease associated with bacterial persistence, inflammation and tissue damage are common sequelae of infection with these organisms. Human epithelial cell lines respond to infection by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, and upregulating the expression of mRNA encoding Ikappa-Balpha, the endogenous inhibitor of NF-kappaB. However, Ikappa-Balpha is not upregulated in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The failure of epithelial cells to respond to LPS is associated with the absence of surface expression of CD14. Identification of the components of Chlamydia/Chlamydophila that can induce pro-inflammatory mediators coupled with the mechanisms by which epithelial cells detect infection and respond accordingly will advance the development of preventative strategies.
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK. gary.entrican@mri.sari.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Entrican
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wattegedera
authors.forename: Mara
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rocchi
authors.forename: Diana C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Rodney W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Gwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wathne
authors.forename: Vjera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Magdalenic
authors.forename: Sarah E M
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Howie
mesh_terms: D002689:Chlamydia / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D023501:Chlamydophila / Q000276:immunology*; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
chemical_list: D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha