title: Clinical relevance of parasternal uptake in sentinel node procedure for breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy contributes highly to the accuracy of the sentinel node procedure. Besides routing towards the axilla, in a number of patients additional parasternal focal accumulation may be observed. So far the clinical consequences of this parasternal uptake remains unclarified, i.e., whether any internal mammary lymph node uptake should be surgically biopsied. An analysis of all sentinel node procedures with parasternal uptake was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine patients with scintigraphic parasternal uptake and with a minimal follow-up of 24 months, were selected from a prospective database. Tumor characteristics, treatment strategies, and recurrences of these patients were analyzed and subsequently matched against the present day indications for adjuvant treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up (median 41 months) only four (6%) patients developed systemic disease. Initially, three of these patients did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Two are alive without evidence of disease after treatment of these recurrences. Currently these patients would, initially, all have been eligible for chemotherapy based on tumor characteristics and age according to international guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the indication of adjuvant treatment, the status of the internal mammary lymph nodes was not relevant in our patients. Parasternal uptake is not an indication to extend the surgical procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans F J
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Fabry
authors.forename: Pim G N J
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Mutsaers
authors.forename: Sybren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torrenga
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pijpers
authors.forename: Paul A M
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Joost R M
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Van der Sijp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods