title: Preclinical testing of three South American antivenoms against the venoms of five medically-important Peruvian snake venoms.
abstract: World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended preclinical in vivo and in vitro studies were carried out to compare the efficacy of Brazilian, Peruvian and Colombian antivenoms in neutralizing the venom toxins responsible for the lethal, haemorrhagic, necrotizing, coagulant and defibrinogenating effects of five medically-important Peruvian snake venoms. Overall, the Brazilian antivenom was found to be the most effective followed by the Peruvian and Colombian antivenoms. However, it was concluded that all three antivenoms would be acceptable for use in a randomised clinical trial in envenomed humans in Peru.
authors.affiliation: Alistair Reid Venom Research unit, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA UK.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Laing
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yarleque
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcelo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Warrell
authors.forename: R D G
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Theakston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D051379:Mice; D009336:Necrosis; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010949:Plasma / Q000378:metabolism; D012909:Snake Bites / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013020:South America; D013045:Species Specificity; D017819:Viperidae
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D005340:Fibrinogen