title: Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of melanoidins isolated from a roasted glucose-glycine model in human lymphocyte cultures, intestinal Caco-2 cells and in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA102 applying the AMES test.
abstract: Melanoidins are formed during household cooking procedures and are part of our daily diet, but data on their toxicological potential are still scarce. Therefore, the mutagenic, cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of the water soluble total fraction (sol A), the water soluble high molecular weight fraction (HMW; Molecular weight>12,400 Da) and the remaining water soluble low molecular weight fraction (LMW) isolated from a glucose-glycine model system roasted at 125 degrees C was comprehensively studied in human lymphocytes (genetic end point: sister chromatid exchange (SCE)), Caco-2 cells (SCE, cell viability, cell proliferation) and in the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA102 (Ames test). Tests were performed in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The results indicate a significant increase in SCE formation in human lymphocytes after the exposure to 0.05% and 0.1% of the melanoidin fractions. In Caco-2 cells, only the exposure to LMW increased the SCE formation as a matter of concentration. Cell's proliferation and viability decreased significantly after exposure to melanoidins. In the AMES test, melanoidins did not show a mutagenic potential, neither using the TA98 nor the TA102 strain. These results show that melanoidins isolated from the glucose-glycine mixture exhibited modest but significant genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes and, in particular the LMW, in Caco-2 cells, but they induce neither in low nor in very high concentrations mutagenicity in bacteria strains.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Glösl
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Draxler
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaniak
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lichtenecker
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sonnleitner
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Somoza
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erbersdobler
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Elmadfa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D005998:Glycine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D015416:Maillard Reaction; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D011108:Polymers; C011908:melanoidin polymers; D005947:Glucose; D005998:Glycine