title: Nosocomial urinary tract infection. Risk factors, rates and trends.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This report aims at both estimation of the rates of overall nosocomial and urinary tract infection (UTI) and their linear trends as well as studying the potential risk factors of patients admitted to Al-Hada, Rehab and Prince Sultan military hospitals and developed nosocomial UTIs (NUTIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study on 206 discharged patients with confirmed UTI and 618 controls without UTI was carried out between August 2001 through to July 2003 to study risk factors for nosocomial UTI as well as hospital records during the period (1998-2002) were reviewed for calculation of the overall annual nosocomial infection and nosocomial UTI rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that duration of hospital stay, unit of admission, history of diabetes mellitus or debilitating diseases, and duration and number of urinary catheters were independently associated with increased risk of NUTIs. The mean incidence rate of overall nosocomial infection along the study period (1998-2002) was 2.82, while the mean incidence rate of UTI nosocomial infection was 0.85 per 100 discharged patients. Urinary tract infection represents approximately 31.7% of overall nosocomial infection throughout the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary tract infections comprise approximately one third of nosocomial infections. The results, thus, indicated that to reduce the incidence of UTI nosocomial infection, it was important to take factors that can be managed into consideration. Therefore, the involved persons should pay more attention and set practical and effective guidelines for the hospital.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Saeed M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Al-Asmary
authors.forename: Nabil S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Al-Helali
authors.forename: Moataz M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abdel-Fattah
authors.forename: Tawfiq M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Al-Jabban
authors.forename: Abdellatif M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Al-Bamri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006753:Hospital Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology