title: Duloxetine in the treatment of depression: a double-blind placebo-controlled comparison with paroxetine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major depressive disorder causes significant morbidity and mortality. Current therapies fail to fully treat both emotional and physical symptoms of major depressive disorder.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate duloxetine, a dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine, on improvement of emotional and painful physical symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, evaluation of duloxetine at 40 mg/d (20 mg twice daily) and 80 mg/d (40 mg twice daily) versus placebo and paroxetine 20 mg/d in depressed outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary efficacy measure was the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Visual Analog Scales for pain, Clinical Global Impression of Severity, Patient's Global Impression of Improvement, and Quality of Life in Depression Scale were also used. Safety was evaluated by assessing discontinuation rates, adverse event rates, vital signs, and laboratory tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Duloxetine 80 mg/d was superior to placebo on mean 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale total change by 3.62 points (95% CI 1.38, 5.86; P = 0.002). Duloxetine at 40 mg/d was also significantly superior to placebo by 2.43 points (95% CI 0.19, 4.66; P = 0.034), while paroxetine was not (1.51 points; 95% CI -0.55, 3.56; P = 0.150). Duloxetine 80 mg/d was superior to placebo for most other measures, including overall pain severity, and was superior to paroxetine on 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale improvement (by 2.39 points; 95% CI 0.14, 4.65; P = 0.037) and estimated probability of remission (57% for duloxetine 80 mg/d, 34% for paroxetine; P = 0.022). The only adverse event reported significantly more frequently for duloxetine 80 mg/d than for paroxetine was insomnia (19.8% for duloxetine 80 mg/d, 8.0% for paroxetine; P = 0.031). Hypertension incidence was not affected by any treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Duloxetine therapy was efficacious for emotional and physical symptoms of depression, with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-like profile of side effects.
authors.affiliation: PRN Consulting, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Yili
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Detke
authors.forename: Curtis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiltse
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mallinckrodt
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Demitrack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D013876:Thiophenes; D017374:Paroxetine; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride