title: Design of amine-modified graft polyesters for effective gene delivery using DNA-loaded nanoparticles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was the design of a polymeric platform for effective gene delivery using DNA-loaded nanoparticles.
  
  
  METHODS
  The polymers were synthesized by carbonyldiimidazole (CDI)-mediated coupling of diamines diethylaminopropylamine (DEAPA), dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) or diethylaminoethylamine (DEAEA) to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with subsequent grafting of D,L-lactide and glycolide (1:1) in the stoichiometric ratios of 1:10 and 1:20 (free hydroxyl groups/monomer units). The polymers were characterized by 1H-NMR, gel permeation chromatography-multiple-angle laser-light-scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry. DNA-loaded nanoparticles prepared by a modified solvent displacement method were characterized with regard to their zeta (zeta)-potential and size. The transfection efficiency was assessed with the plasmid DNA pCMV-luc in L929 mouse fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The polymers were composed of highly branched, biodegradable cationic polyesters exhibiting amphiphilic properties. The amine modification enhanced the rapid polymer degradation and resulted in the interaction with DNA during particle preparation. The nanoparticles exhibited positive zeta-potentials up to +42 mV and high transfection efficiencies, comparable to polyethylenimine (PEI) 25 kDa/DNA complexes at a nitrogen to phosphate ratio of 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymers combined amine-functions and short poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) chains resulting in water-insoluble polymers capable of forming biodegradable DNA nanoparticles through coulombic interactions and polyester precipitation in aqueous medium. The high transfection efficiency was based on fast polymer degradation and the conservation of DNA bioactivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmacy, Philipps-University, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christine G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Oster
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wittmar
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Lucian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barbu-Tudoran
authors.forename: Andreas K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Schaper
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kissel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002214:Capsules; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004247:DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015195:Drug Design; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005858:Germany; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051379:Mice; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D010316:Particle Size; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002214:Capsules; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; C045866:peptide-Gly-Leu-amide; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D004247:DNA