title: [Clonal diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated in Spain. A nationwide multicenter study: GEIH-Ab project (2000)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A nationwide multicenter study was performed in Spain to evaluate the clonal diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 221 consecutive A. baumannii isolates recovered from clinical samples from 25 Spanish hospitals during November 2000 were studied. Isolate identification was performed by phenotyping methods and by amplified rDNA restriction analysis. Clonal relationships among A. baumannii isolates were determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. MICs of amikacin (AK), ampicillin (AP), cephalothin (CF), cefoxitin (FX), ceftazidime (CZ), ciprofloxacin (CP), cotrimoxazole (T/S), doxycycline (DX), gemifloxacin (GX), gentamicin (GN), imipenem (IP), meropenem (MP), minocycline (MI), piperacillin (PP), polymyxin B (PB), rifampicin (RI), tetracycline (TT), sulbactam (SB) and tobramycin (TO) were determined by microdilution (NCCLS guidelines).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-nine A. baumannii clones were differentiated. MIC50/MIC90 (mg/L) values for the 221 A. baumannii isolates were PP: > 512/> 512; AP, CF, FX: > 256/> 256; TT, GN: > 128/> 128; CZ: 128/> 256; CP: > 64/> 64; FP: 64/256; AK: 32/256; DX: 32/64; GX: > 16/> 16; TO: 16/128; SB, T/S: 16/64; MP: 8/> 128; IP: 4/128; RF: 4/8; MI: 2/16 and PB: 1/2. Percentages of susceptible isolates were PB: 100%; MI: 65.8%; IP: 52.5%, RF: 49.3%; SB: 46.7%; MP: 43.1%; AK: 34.7%; DX: 32.0%; TO: 21.3% and CZ, FP, GN, T/S, TT, GX, CP, AP, PP, CF and FX: < 20%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A. baumannii isolates show high clonal variability in Spain. The most active antimicrobial agents against this organism were polymyxin B, minocycline, rifampicin, imipenem, sulbactam, meropenem, amikacin and doxycycline.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. felipefc@us.es
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fernández-Cuenca
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribera
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vila
authors.forename: Germán
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bou
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cisneros
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Baño
authors.forename: Jerónimo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pachón
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martínez-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010802:Phylogeny; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents