title: Analysis of the relationship between total cholesterol, age, body mass index among males and females in the WHO MONICA Project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relationship between hypercholesterolaemia, age and BMI among females and males.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data came from the initial surveys of the WHO MONICA Project. In all, 27 populations with 48 283 subjects (24 017 males and 24 266 females) aged 25-64 y were used for the analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total cholesterol, weight, height, BMI, prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia (PHC) defined as cholesterol >/=6.5 mmol/l, and the prevalence of obesity (POB) defined as BMI >/=30 kg/m(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PHC increased with age, with PHC in males being significantly higher than in females at age range 25-49 y and significantly lower than in females at age range 50-64 y. Age-related increase in hypercholesterolaemia was steeper in females than in males. There was a statistically significant positive association between hypercholesterolaemia and BMI. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a negative statistically significant (P<0.001) effect modification involving age and BMI on the risk of having hypercholesterolaemia both in females and males. The relation between PHC and BMI became weaker in higher age groups, with no statistically significant association in females aged 50-64 y.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Public health measures should be directed at the prevention of obesity in young adults since the strongest effect of obesity on the risk of hypercholesterolaemia has been found in subjects aged 25-39 y.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. mjgost@ifspm.unizh.ch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gostynski
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gutzwiller
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuulasmaa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Döring
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrario
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grafnetter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pajak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk