title: [Morphological study on the neural tube defects caused by passive smoking].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possible mechanisms of teratogenesis caused by passive smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  The stereomicroscope and electron microscope were used to observe the effects of passive smoking on the development of golden hamsters' neural tube and alternations of neuroepithelial ultrastructures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Passive smoking could induce teratogenesis during neurulation (chi 2 = 51.28, P < 0.01). The main forms of neural tube defects were spina bifida, exencephaly, and so on. In embryos of every passive smoking group, neuroepithelial cells arranged irregularly. The intercellular spaces became wide. The apical portion of many neuroepithelial cells bulged out into the lumen and many microvilli were shorted and swollen. A lot of vacuolation appeared in the cytoplasm. The cristae of mitochondria reduced even disappeared, and some mitochondria became elongate. Irregular nuclear, increased heterochromatin and karyopycnosis/karyorrhexis were observed easily. Perinuclear cisternae partially swollen and embraced tangible material. Some death cell's decomposed a lot of apoptotic bodies. Most of the apoptotic bodies were found within the cytoplasm of otherwise healthy-looking or healthy cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data prove that passive smoking can cause dymorphogenesis of the neural tube. And tobacco smoking might induce excess degeneration, death, and cells loss in the neural tube and mesenchyme, thereby resulting in failure of formation and differentiation of neural tube.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou 256603, China.
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiangmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000196:embryology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution