title: Sentinel lymph node mapping of the colon and stomach using lymphoseek in a pig model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphoseek is a radiopharmaceutical designed for sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping. The purpose of this study was to compare Lymphoseek colon and gastric pharmacokinetics with filtered [(99m)Tc]sulfur colloid (fTcSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight anesthetized pigs received an endoscopic injection of Lymphoseek or fTcSC in the stomach and colon. Scintigraphy was obtained of both administration sites at 15-minute intervals up to 3 hours after injection, after which all SLNs were identified by a handheld gamma probe through a laparotomy incision. Isosulfan blue was administered at the injection site 5 minutes before SLN mapping. The percentage of injected dose (%ID) was measured for all harvested nodes, and the clearance half-life (T(c)) was calculated for all injection sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean Lymphoseek clearance for colon (T(c), 2.56 +/- 1.04 hours) and gastric (T(c), 3.83 +/- 1.18 hours) injection sites was statistically faster (P =.030) compared with fTcSC (colon T(c), 14.98 +/- 3.41 hours; stomach T(c), 14.52 +/- 4.08 hours). After 3 hours, Lymphoseek exhibited a mean SLN %ID of 1.32% +/- 1.71% in the colon and 2.04% +/- 2.12% in the stomach; this was not statistically different from fTcSC (colon,.63% +/-.39%; stomach, 2.35% +/- 2.90%). SLN uptake of Lymphoseek was significantly different from second-echelon node %ID for the colon (P =.011) and gastric (P =.029) injection sites. All SLNs exceeded 10 times background, and there was no discordance between isosulfan blue and Lymphoseek or fTcSC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three hours after colon stomach administration, Lymphoseek demonstrated rapid injection site clearance, detectable SLN uptake, and low second-echelon node uptake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego Comprehensive Cancer Center, La Jolla, USA.
authors.forename: Scott J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ellner
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Méndez
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.forename: Carl K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hoh
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Ashburn
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wallace
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D003911:Dextrans / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008351:Mannans / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004369:Pentetic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D013552:Swine; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D008351:Mannans; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; C431884:technetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-mannosyl-dextran; D004369:Pentetic Acid; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate