title: Relationship between adiponectin and glycemic control, blood lipids, and inflammatory markers in men with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adiponectin, synthesized in the adipose tissue, appears to play an important role in hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, as well as in inflammatory mechanisms, which lead to a markedly increased atherosclerotic risk in diabetic subjects. However, previous studies did not evaluate the complex relationships between adiponectin and the array of metabolic abnormalities commonly observed in diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  To examine the associations between plasma levels of adiponectin and HbA(1c), blood lipids, and inflammatory markers, we obtained blood samples from 741 participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma adiponectin levels were positively correlated with HDL cholesterol and negatively correlated with triglycerides, apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB(100)), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen. These associations were not appreciably altered after controlling for lifestyle exposures, medical conditions, and obesity-associated variables. A 10-microg/ml higher level of plasma adiponectin was associated with lower HbA(1c) (-0.21% points, P = 0.001), triglycerides (-0.39 mmol/l, P < 0.001), apoB(100) (-0.04 g/l, P < 0.001), CRP (-0.51 mg/l, P = 0.003), and fibrinogen (-0.53 micromol/l, P < 0.001) and higher HDL cholesterol (0.13 mmol/l, P < 0.001). Associations between adiponectin and inflammatory markers were furthermore independent of HbA(1c) and HDL cholesterol, suggesting that the anti-inflammatory properties of adiponectin are not mediated by potential effects on glycemic control and blood lipids. Our results were consistent among obese and nonobese men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study supports the hypothesis that increased adiponectin levels might be associated with better glycemic control, better lipid profile, and reduced inflammation in diabetic subjects. Measures that increase adiponectin levels might be valuable targets for decreasing the atherosclerotic risk present in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. mschulze@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Matthias B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Rimm
authors.forename: Iris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shai
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rifai
authors.forename: Frank B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D005340:Fibrinogen