title: Changes in alcohol involvement, cognitions and drinking and driving behavior for youth after they obtain a driver's license.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study tested whether obtaining a driver's license was associated with increases in alcohol and other drug involvement and changes in alcohol-related cognitions for youth, and whether drinking and driving behavior increased with driving experience.
  
  
  METHODS
  Confidential, anonymous surveys were conducted at two time points (fall, spring) with students at four high schools in San Diego county (N = 2,865, 51% female). Data were collected on alcohol, cigarette and marijuana use, license status, alcohol use by peers, attitudes towards drinking and driving and drinking and driving behaviors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nondrivers (60%), new drivers (obtained a license between Time 1 and Time 2) and experienced drivers (26%) were compared on study variables at both time points and over time. Initially obtaining a driver's license was associated with increased frequency of substance use. Results were not significant for quantity of alcohol use, frequency of heavy drinking or perceived alcohol use norms. Attitudes towards drinking and driving reflected an increase in the perceived dangerousness of this behavior for new drivers. Drinking and driving behavior during the last 30 days increased with increased driving experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate a number of changes in substance involvement after obtaining a driver's license. However, initially this transition may also indicate a period of protection against drinking and driving. These results may have implications for the target and content of drinking and driving interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
authors.forename: Denis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D003710:Demography; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008004:Licensure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol