title: Delayed poststroke dementia: a 4-year follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess patients who have had a stroke for the subsequent development of poststroke dementia (PSD) and to determine if the characteristics of delayed PSD (dPSD) vary in the long-term follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nondemented patients were followed from 6 months after stroke onset for 4 years. Dementia was diagnosed by International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria; dementia etiology was diagnosed by the National Institute of Neurological and Communication Disorders and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association and National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke/Association Internationale pour la Recherche et l'Enseignement en Neurosciences criteria. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological tests were repeated annually.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a 2-year period, 191 stroke patients were enrolled. By the end of the follow-up period, 41 (21.5%) patients had developed dementia. At the Cox regression analysis, dPSD was associated with cortical atrophy (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.4, 95% CI 1.5 to 7.9), age (HR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.4 to 7.8), and multiple ischemic lesions (HR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.8). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference between the incidence of dPSD subtypes (log-rank test; p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During the 4-year follow-up, the incidence of dementia increased gradually, shifting from an Alzheimer disease-type picture in the first years to a vascular dementia type later in years 2 to 4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. marta.altieri@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altieri
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Piero
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pasquini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gasparini
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Vanacore
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vicenzini
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Lenzi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis