title: Cryoablation of colorectal liver metastases: minimally invasive tumour control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Freezing is used for in situ destruction (ablation) of liver tumours not eligible for resection. The procedure is typically done during laparotomy. The objective of this report was to study tumour control at the site of freezing and a minimally invasive approach to cryoablation of colorectal liver metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of 19 patients was conducted between 1999 and 2003. Twenty-five tumours were ablated during 24 procedures (i.e. 5 reablations). Sixteen procedures were performed percutaneously, 5 during laparotomy and 3 laparoscopically. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used for intraprocedural monitoring during most procedures. Nine patients had concomitant liver resections performed (5 during laparoscopy, 4 during laparotomy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 25 ablations, 18 (72%) were assumed adequate. Total ice-ball volume during percutaneous procedures was median 62 cm (range 32-114). Excellent imaging of the extent of freezing was achieved using MRI. Hospital stay for patients treated percutaneously was median 4 days (range 3-30). No perioperative mortality occurred. Tumour recurrence at the site of ablation occurred in 8 of 18 (44%) tumours adequately ablated. Actuarial 2-year tumour-free survival at site of ablation was 48%. At the time of analyses 12 out of 13 (92%) patients assumed to be adequately ablated were alive. Of all patients, 14 out of 19 (74%) survived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term tumour control can be achieved following cryoablation of colorectal liver metastases. A minimally invasive approach is feasible but the diameter of metastases considered for percutaneous cryoablation should not exceed 3 cm.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Centre and the Surgical Dept., Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway. tom.mala@rikshospitalet.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mala
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Edwin
authors.forename: Ø
authors.initials: Ø
authors.lastname: Mathisen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tillung
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fosse
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: SØreide
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gladhaug
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome