title: Depression predicts higher rates of heroin use on desipramine with buprenorphine than with methadone.
abstract: The effect of lifetime depression was examined in a randomized clinical trial in 164 opioid- and cocaine-dependent patients who were treated with desipramine in combination with either methadone or buprenorphine. We examined treatment retention, illicit opioid and cocaine use, and depressive symptoms, and found that opioid-free urines at baseline, but not later in treatment, were greater among the depressed than non-depressed patients. Among the depressed patients, depressive symptoms at baseline, but not later in treatment, were greater in patients treated with buprenorphine than methadone. Desipramine did not reduce depressive symptoms more than placebo. Finally, the depressed patients treated with desipramine and buprenorphine showed the least improvement in opioid-free urines, while the non-depressed patients treated with desipramine and methadone had more opioid-free urines than those patients treated with placebo desipramine. Cocaine-free urines showed no association with depression. This poor outcome with desipramine and buprenorphine suggests that this medication combination is not indicated in depressed opioid-dependent patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. thomas.kosten@yale.edu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosten
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Falcioni
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliveto
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feingold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002047:Buprenorphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003891:Desipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D002047:Buprenorphine; D003891:Desipramine; D008691:Methadone