title: The relationship between clinical stage, prognosis and myocardial damage in patients with Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy: five-year follow-up study.
abstract: The evaluation of myocardial damage by [123I] 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) imaging, which represents free fatty acid metabolism, has not been reported in patients with Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy (DMD). To date, the relationship between clinical stage, prognosis and myocardial damage has not been evaluated by radionuclear cardiac imaging. The main goal of this study was to elucidate the relationship of quantitative indices of myocardial damage obtained by radionuclear cardiac imaging ([201Tl] and [123I] BMIPP) to clinical stage and incidence of severe cardiac events in patients with Duchenne-type muscular dystrophy (DMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population consisted of 28 male patients with DMD. The average age at the beginning of observation was 19.1 +/- 7.4 yrs. Nuclear tomographic imaging was performed using [201Tl] and [123I] BMIPP. The mid-ventricular short axial slices were classified into four anatomical regions, and the normalized count data in these areas (TL, BM) were obtained. The endpoint was the occurrence of heart failure during the follow up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirteen cases of heart failure occurred during the 5-year follow-up period, including three cases with cardiac death due to congestive heart failure. Clinical staging correlated directly with TL (p = 0.0118) and BM (p = 0.0401) in the whole left ventricle. In regional TL analysis, an association was observed only in the septum (p = 0.0151), and in the anterior (p = 0.0361) region. The only discrepancy between the tracer parameters (TL - BM) in the septum was observed with the radionuclear cardiac values, which exhibited a relationship with cardiac events (p = 0.0124). This discordance, TL < BM, was contrary to that usually observed in patients with ischemic heart disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The septum is the critical area of significance for cardiac events and outcome in patients with DMD. The uptake of [201Tl] in this area was representative of the clinical stage, and TL-BM correlated well with the prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Takarazuka Municipal Hospital, Takarazuka, Japan. Nallure@aol.com
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arii
authors.forename: Mitsumasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohyanagi
authors.forename: Tadaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jinnai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007462:Iodobenzenes; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D020388:Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013793:Thallium; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D007462:Iodobenzenes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C049338:iodofiltic acid; C027549:thallium chloride; D013793:Thallium