title: Guidelines for prevention and treatment of adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs on glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipid metabolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With the antipsychotic drugs available today, especially with some of the newer, atypical antipsychotics, metabolic side effects, such as weight gain, diabetes mellitus and lipid abnormalities, have become a complication to the drug therapy that have to be recognized and treated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this article is to suggest guidelines for prevention and treatment of adverse effects of antipsychotics on glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipid metabolism, whereas strategies for management of antipsychotic-induced weight gain are summarized elsewhere.
  
  
  METHODS
  The guidelines are based on results of experimental and clinical studies presented in the article, as well as on a recently published review of 180 articles in the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both conventional and atypical antipsychotics can indirectly, by causing obesity, promote development of insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. In addition, some atypical agents probably directly induce hyperinsulinemia, followed by weight gain, insulin resistance and drug-induced, sometimes insulin-dependent, diabetes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this article, guidelines for the management of adverse metabolic effects of antipsychotics are described.
authors.affiliation: Sollentuna Psychiatric Polyclinic, Sollentuna Hospital, 191 35, Sollentuna, Sweden. kristina.melkersson@cns.ki.se
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Melkersson
authors.forename: M-L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: A-L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hulting
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D044882:Glucose Metabolism Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose