title: Cyclic, linear, cycloretro-isomer, and cycloretro-inverso peptides derived from the C-terminal sequence of bradykinin as substrates or inhibitors of serine and cysteine proteases.
abstract: We investigated the inhibition of trypsin, human tissue (hK1) and human plasma kallikrein (HuPK), papain, and cathepsin L, B, and X by synthetic cyclic, cycloretro-isomer, cycloretro-inverso, and linear peptides derived from the C-terminal sequence of bradykinin. c(FSPFRG) and Ac-FSPFRG-NH2 were taken as the references for cyclic and linear peptides, respectively. Longer and more flexible analogs of them with addition of 2, 3, or 4 Gly and cycloretro-isomer and cycloretro-inverso analogs of c(FSPFRG) and c(GGGFSPFRG) were obtained and assayed. The susceptibility to hydrolysis of the peptides to all proteases was also examined. The highest affinities were found for c(FSPFRG) with hK1, Ac-GGFSPFRG-NH2 with HuPK, and psi (NHCO) c(fspfrG) with cathepsin L. The Ki values for cathepsin B and X with cyclic peptides were lower than those of linear peptides. The serine proteases hydrolyzed all linear and cyclic peptides, except c(FSPFRG) and c(GFSPFRG). The cysteine proteases hydrolyzed only the linear peptides, which were poor substrates. Although the Ki values obtained in the current work were in the microM range, the cyclic and cycloretro-inverso peptides seem to be a promising approach to develop efficient and resistant to hydrolysis inhibitors for the kallikreins and lysosomal cysteine proteases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04044-20 São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aurelio Resende
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Juliano
authors.forename: Maria Aparecida
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Juliano
mesh_terms: D001920:Bradykinin / Q000737:chemistry*; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D001920:Bradykinin