title: Biomonitoring of traffic police officers exposed to airborne platinum.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the past two decades there has been a substantial increase in environmental levels of palladium, platinum, and rhodium, the platinum group elements (PGEs), due to the widespread use of catalytic converters for automotive traction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate urinary platinum levels in occupationally exposed subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 161 employees from the Rome City Police Force were studied; 103 were traffic police involved in controlling streets with an average flow of vehicles, while the remaining 58 were control subjects engaged only in office work. Platinum quantification in the urine samples of these subjects was carried out by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences between platinum levels in the group of subjects engaged in traffic control and the control group (4.45 (2.42) ng/l v 4.56 (2.84) ng/l, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary levels were found to be higher than those reported for other urban populations, thus showing a progressive increase in human exposure to Pt.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy. iavicoli.ivo@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iavicoli
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bocca
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petrucci
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Senofonte
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alimonti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caroli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000633:toxicity*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D010984:Platinum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine*; D016495:Police; D012384:Rome / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population; D001335:Vehicle Emissions
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D010984:Platinum