title: Inter-rater reliability in assigning ICF codes to children with disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine if independent raters would arrive at similar decisions about which codes from the Activities and Participation component of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) to assign to children with disabilities based on the results of standard paediatric functional assessment measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children (N = 60), 9 months to 17.75 years old, with a range of disabilities were assessed using either the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (n = 20), the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) (n = 20), or the School Function Assessment (SFA) (n = 20). Two raters independently determined which of 40 codes from the Activities and Participation component of the ICF applied to each child based on items and standard scores from the assessment measure. The Cohen's kappa statistic was used as the measure of inter-rater reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kappa statistic was >/= 0.70, the criterion for good agreement in this study, for 23/40 codes using the Vineland, 17/40 codes using the PEDI, and 17/40 codes using the SFA. The mean kappa statistic reached >/= 0.70 for the Self care domain, using all three tools. The mean kappa statistic also reached >/= 0.70 for Learning and Applying Knowledge and Mobility using the Vineland.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Independent raters reached high rates of agreement when assessment test items were structured developmentally and corresponded to a single ICF code. For domains other than Self care, alternative assessment strategies may be necessary to improve assigning ICF codes to children with disabilities.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ogonowski
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kronk
authors.forename: Carryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Feldman
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019988:Children with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile