title: Combined modality trials of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: analysis of factors influencing survival and toxicity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Combined modality therapy (CMT) is the standard of care for patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, insufficient data are available regarding prognostic factors in this disease setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six hundred and ninety-four patients included in five trials conducted by the Cancer and Leukemia Group B evaluating CMT in stage III NSCLC were included in this analysis. The primary objective was to identify factors that were predictors of survival and selected radiation-related toxicities using Cox regression models and logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Cox model shows that performance status (PS) 1 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.45; P=0.009] and thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) only (HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.22-2.05; P=0.001) predicted for poorer survival, while baseline hemoglobin >/=12 g/dl predicted for improved survival (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.55-0.81; P </=0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression showed an increase of grade 3 + esophagitis among patients with PS 0 [odds ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% CI 1.1-2.7; P=0.029), >5% weight loss (OR 2.9; 95% CI 1.3-6.6; P=0.008) and patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation (OR 7.3; 95% CI 3.4-15.6; P=0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline hemoglobin and PS, as well as the use of CMT, have the greatest effect on survival in unresectable stage III NSCLC. The use of concurrent chemoradiation increases the risk of esophagitis, which remains the primary radiation-related toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Chicago, IL, USA. socinski@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Socinski
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: R O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Dillman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Clamon
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vokes
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Akerley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Seagren
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins