title: The induction of cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) in the human liver and intestine is mediated by the xenobiotic sensors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutively activated receptor (CAR).
abstract: Induction of cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) by xenobiotics may lead to clinically relevant drug interactions. In contrast with other CYP3A family members, studies on the inducibility of CYP3A5 indicate conflicting results. We report the induction of CYP3A5 mRNA in 13 of 16 hepatocyte preparations exposed to rifampin. Furthermore, induction of CYP3A5 mRNA was observed in intestinal biopsies in three of eight probands following exposure to the antibiotic. The highest absolute levels of CYP3A5 transcripts were found following rifampin treatment in hepatocytes and intestines from carriers of CYP3A5*1 alleles. Elucidation of the mechanism involved in CYP3A5 induction revealed that constitutively activated receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) transactivated the CYP3A5 promoter (-688 to +49) and that the transactivation was dependent on an everted repeat separated by 6 bp (ER6-dependent). Treatment with the prototypical PXR ligand rifampin led to a 2-fold induction of the CYP3A5 promoter activity. In agreement with these observations, PXR and CAR bound specifically to the ER6 motif. Hepatic expression of PXR correlated with that of CYP3A5 mRNA levels in a bank of liver samples. Taken together, studies here revealed the presence of a functional ER6 motif in the CYP3A5 promoter located -100 bp upstream from the transcription start site, suggesting that CYP3A5 is inducible by mechanisms similar to those involved in CYP3A4 induction. Enhanced expression of CYP3A5 caused by exposure to inducers may phenocopy the effects of the high expression allele CYP3A5*1. In this manner, induction of CYP3A5 may contribute to the overall importance of this P450 in drug metabolism and drug interactions.
authors.affiliation: Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstrasse 112, D-70376 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Burk
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raucy
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hustert
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eichelbaum
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brockmöller
authors.forename: Ulrich M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Zanger
authors.forename: Leszek
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wojnowski
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D001706:Biopsy; D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005838:Genotype; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015262:Xenobiotics; D012313:RNA; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D012293:Rifampin