title: Controlled release of tebuconazole from a polymer matrix microparticle: release kinetics and length of efficacy.
abstract: Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated tebuconazole, its release kinetics in water, and the bioefficacy of these formulations in controlling wheat rust in spring wheat is described herein. Controlled-release (CR) formulations based on matrix microparticles were prepared by the oil-in-water emulsion process. Polymer-based matrix was prepared from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA). Modification of the matrix was achieved by the use of different low molecular weight or polymeric additives. These additives were found to lower the glass transition temperature of the matrix and enhance the release rate of tebuconazole in water, under infinite sink conditions. Release of tebuconazole from matrix microparticles was found to be diffusion controlled. CR formulations were found to be very efficacious in controlling wheat rust. Soil-applied CR formulations prepared from a PMMA or PSMA matrix, modified with poly(vinyl acetate), were as effective in controlling wheat rust (Puccinia recondita) as foliar-applied tebuconazole, Raxil, from Bayer AG. Results suggest that CR formulations with a systemic fungicide, such as tebuconazole, applied as either a soil or seed treatment, may provide control of foliar diseases, possibly eliminating or reducing the need for traditional foliar applications.
authors.affiliation: Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63167, USA. jasrar2@aol.com
authors.forename: Jawed
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asrar
authors.forename: Yiwei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Rita E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: La Monica
authors.forename: Linda C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ness
mesh_terms: D002214:Capsules; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004655:Emulsions; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007700:Kinetics; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D011108:Polymers; D013997:Time Factors; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004655:Emulsions; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D011108:Polymers; D014230:Triazoles; D014867:Water; C087114:tebuconazole