title: Endo-GIA for ligation of dilated cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: an alternative, novel, and easy method.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study prospectively assessed the efficacy and applicability of Endo-GIA for difficult and dilated cystic duct (CD) closure in 24 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) due to CD stone.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1998 to December 2002, 3325 patients underwent LC for gallbladder lesions at the department of general surgery at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan), and 24 (0.72%) were identified as having dilated and difficult CD, which were ligated by Endo-GIA. This study prospectively followed these 24 patients and evaluated the management outcomes. The indications for LC in the 24 patients were symptomatic gallstones with or without common bile duct (CBD) stones (11 patients), Mirizzi syndrome type I (two patients), acute cholecystitis (five patients), acute cholecystitis with acute cholangitis (two patients), acute cholangitis (one patient), biliary pancreatitis (two patients), and gallbladder polyp (one patient).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patients required conversion to open surgery. The CD were successfully ligated with Endo-GIA in all 24 patients with dilated and difficult CD during LC. The postoperative course was uneventful except in two patients. One patient suffered bile duct injury (Stewart-Way class II), and was managed successfully by repeated endoscopic stent. The other case was complicated with retained CBD stone due to migration of fragmented CD stone and was managed by endoscopic papillotomy and stone retrieval. Followup ranged from 1 to 40.2 months (median, 18.5 months) and no other complications were discovered during the followup period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endo-GIA is a safe and effective procedure for closing dilated and difficult CD. Endo-GIA could alternatively be attempted in other selected cases because of its ease of application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Yi-Yin
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: Nai-Jen
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ta-Sen
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Miin-Fu
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003549:Cystic Duct / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013528:Surgical Staplers