Recent advances in alcoholic liver disease III. Role of the innate immune response in alcoholic hepatitis.
Ethanol consumption is known to cause significant acute liver damage resulting in hepatic fibrosis and eventual cirrhosis when consumed chronically. The mechanism(s) by which ethanol exerts its damaging effects on the liver are not well understood; however, recent scientific investigation has begun to delineate the earliest events in alcoholic liver disease. From these studies, it is apparent that components of the innate immune system and, in particular, Kupffer cells, play a significant role in this process. It is also becoming clear that other parts of the immune system including T cells may also be responsible for mediating the devastating effects of chronic alcohol consumption on the liver. This review will highlight recent experiments demonstrating a role for the innate immune response in the initiation and progression of alcohol-induced liver hepatitis and subsequent organ damage.
Hines
Ian N
IN
Center for Alcohol Studies, Univ. of North Carolina, Bowles Bldg. Rm. 3013, Campus Box #7178, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Wheeler
Michael D
MD
D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D018450:Disease Progression; D000431:Ethanol / Q000276:immunology*; D006519:Hepatitis, Alcoholic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000276:immunology; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes
D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000431:Ethanol