title: Inhibition of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus replication by atlantic salmon Mx1 protein.
abstract: Mx proteins form a family of interferon (IFN)-induced GTPases with potent antiviral activity against various single-stranded RNA viruses in mammals and chickens. In fish, alpha/beta IFN has been reported to inhibit the replication of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), but the mode of action has not been elucidated. A correlation between the inhibition of IPNV and Mx protein expression has, however, been observed. To examine whether Atlantic salmon Mx1 protein (ASMx1) possesses antiviral activity against IPNV, CHSE-214 cells constitutively expressing ASMx1 were established. ASMx1 appeared to be localized in the cytoplasm. The ASMx1-expressing clone selected showed a severely reduced IPNV-induced cytopathic effect, which was confirmed by a 500-fold reduction in virus yield. The antiviral activity against IPNV was further confirmed by the inhibition of virus protein synthesis and the reduced accumulation of virus transcripts. The present work further adds to the body of evidence which suggests that antiviral activity is a major functional role of vertebrate Mx proteins. Moreover, the list of viruses inhibited by Mx proteins is extended to include double-stranded RNA viruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine Biotechnology, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
authors.forename: Rannveig
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Torunn P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Røkenes
authors.forename: Børre
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Robertsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018061:Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020317:Salmo salar / Q000378:metabolism*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D064547:Myxovirus Resistance Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins