title: Repeated adenoviral administration into the biliary tract can induce repeated expression of the original gene construct in rat livers without immunosuppressive strategies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic adenoviral readministration appears to be limited by immunogenicity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the feasibility of repeated adenovirus mediated gene transfer into the liver via the biliary tract.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recombinant adenoviruses carrying a reporter lacZ gene were infused retrogradely into the common bile duct of rats. Transduction efficiency of the lacZ gene was estimated histochemically and quantitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retrograde administration of recombinant adenoviruses into the common bile duct of rats resulted in efficient transgene expression in the liver, specifically in hepatocytes, but not in biliary epithelia. Transduction efficiency induced by intrabiliary adenoviral administration was not substantially different from that induced by intraportal adenoviral infusion. Transgene expression in the liver was however transient, and development of neutralising antibodies against adenovirus was observed in serum but not in bile. When adenoviruses were readministered into the common bile duct, successful re-expression of the transgene in the liver was achieved despite the existence of neutralising antibodies in serum. Interestingly, although proliferation of adenovirus specific T cells in response to adenoviral readministration was suppressed significantly by immunosuppressive FK506 treatment, levels of transgene expression in the liver achieved by intrabiliary adenoviral readministration were not significantly different between animals treated with and without FK506. Furthermore, third adenoviral administration into the common bile duct also induced successful transgene expression in the liver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that adenovirus mediated gene transfer into the liver may be repeatable without immunosuppressive strategies in clinical settings by means of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshiji
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Funakoshi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurokohchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D001659:Biliary Tract; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007109:Immunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007763:Lac Operon / Q000235:genetics; D008099:Liver; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus