title: Variability of collagen crosslinks: impact of sample collection period.
abstract: Because of the variability of collagen crosslinks, their use as markers for bone resorption is often criticized. We hypothesized that the variability could be reduced by collecting urine for 24 hours (or longer) instead of using single voids, and by not normalizing to creatinine. Urine samples were collected from 22 healthy subjects during two or more 24-hour periods. Each 24-hour pool and each 2nd void of the day were analyzed for N-telopeptide (NTX), pyridinium (PYD), and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) crosslinks. Data were analyzed by using linear regression. For NTX, R2 for the two, 2nd-void samples (n = 38) was 0.55, whereas R2 for the two 24-hour pools was 0.51 or 0.52, expressed per day or per creatinine. For PYD and DPD, R2 for the 2nd-void samples was 0.26 and 0.18, R2 for the 24-hour pools expressed per day was 0.58 and 0.74, and R2 for the 24-hour pools expressed per creatinine was 0.65 and 0.76, respectively. Regression of the 2nd void and the corresponding 24-hour pool, expressed per day, yielded R2 = 0.19, 0.19, and 0.08, for NTX, PYD, and DPD, respectively (n = 76 each). For the 2nd-void sample and its corresponding 24-hour pool, expressed per creatinine, R2 = 0.24, 0.33, and 0.08, respectively. In a separate study, the coefficient of variation for NTX was reduced (P < 0.05) when data from more than one 24-hour collection were combined. Thus, the variability inherent in crosslink determinations can be reduced by collecting urine for longer periods. In research studies, the high variability of single-void collections, compounded by creatinine normalization, may alter or obscure findings.
authors.affiliation: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA. scott.m.smith@nasa.gov
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: DeKerlegand
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Davis-Street
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003094:Collagen / Q000652:urine*; D024042:Collagen Type I; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010455:Peptides / Q000652:urine*; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D010455:Peptides; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; C036020:deoxypyridinoline; D003094:Collagen