title: Barriers to diagnosing and managing heart failure in primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore potential barriers to the optimal diagnosis and management of heart failure in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Qualitative study involving semi-structured focus groups or telephone interviews with general practitioners, in three urban and one rural Division of General Practice with above-average elderly resident populations, conducted between 1 April and 31 July 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  31 self-selected GPs who responded to a general invitation and four GPs who were personally invited to participate in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Issues identified by GPs as barriers and GPs' ratings of their importance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GPs reported that most of the difficulties in accurately diagnosing heart failure were associated with masking of the disease by other conditions and the lack of specificity of the symptoms, particularly in the early stages. They felt that echocardiograms can be difficult to access, were of unclear benefit and may not be warranted in obvious cases. Concerns about possible side effects and reliance on other forms of therapy were common reasons for the suboptimal use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Underuse of beta-blockers was associated mainly with concerns about side effects, contraindications and comorbidities, and a lack of experience with initiating therapy, particularly in community settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study identified specific barriers to GPs implementing evidence-based recommendations in managing heart failure. Tailored strategies that address the practical concerns of GPs about applying research evidence in the primary care setting and that facilitate better linkages between GPs and specialists are needed.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Clinical Studies, Melbourne, VIC. sphillips@nicsl.com.au
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Marton
authors.forename: Geoffrey H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Tofler
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005194:Family Practice / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017144:Focus Groups; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013021:South Australia; D014739:Victoria
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors