title: The renin angiotensin system in childhood hypertension: selective increase of angiotensin-(1-7) in essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in normotensive and hypertensive children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypertensive patients (12 with renovascular hypertension and 15 with essential hypertension) and 32 normotensive subjects were evaluated at a Pediatric Nephrology Center. Blood samples for plasma renin activity (PRA) and angiotensin peptides measurements were obtained once from normotensive subjects and before and after treatment from hypertensive patients. Plasma samples were extracted using Bond-Elut cartridges (Analytichem International, Harbor City, Calif), and peptide concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  PRA, Angiotensin I (Ang I), Angiotensin II (Ang II), and Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] levels were significantly higher in renovascular hypertensive patients than in normotensive children (3.3 +/- 1.2 vs 0.40 +/- 0.22 ng Ang I/mL/hour, 81.4 +/- 24.8 vs 26.4 +/- 13.4 pg/mL, 59.3 +/- 17.0 vs 21.4 +/- 8.7 pg/mL, 41.0 +/- 10.5 vs 16.2 +/- 7.9 pg/mL, respectively). The surgical treatment normalized blood pressure, PRA, and angiotensins levels. In contrast with renovascular disease, only Ang-(1-7) levels were significantly increased in essential hypertensive patients compared with normotensive (78.8 +/- 22.8 vs 16.2 +/- 7.9 pg/mL). Treatment with calcium channel blockers did not alter the RAS measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show different RAS profiles in childhood hypertension and suggest a blood pressure-independent change of Ang-(1-7) in essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Unidade de Nefrologia Pediátrica, Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. acssilva@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ana C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Simões E Silva
authors.forename: José S S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Diniz
authors.forename: Ademar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Regueira Filho
authors.forename: Robson A S
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000803:Angiotensin I / Q000097:blood*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000803:Angiotensin I; D012083:Renin; C118790:angiotensin I (1-7)