title: Age, temperature, and parasitaemia predict chloroquine treatment failure and anaemia in children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
abstract: The prevalence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been increasing in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South America over the last 2 decades, and has been associated with increased anaemia-associated morbidity and higher mortality rates. Prospectively collected clinical and parasitological data from a multicentre study of 788 children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were analysed in order to identify risk factors for chloroquine treatment failure and to assess its impact on anaemia after therapy. The proportion of chloroquine treatment failures (combined early and late treatment failures) was higher in the central-eastern African countries (Tanzania, 53%; Uganda, 80%; Zambia, 57%) and Ecuador (54%) than in Ghana (36%). Using logistic regression, predictors of early treatment failure included younger age, higher baseline temperature, and greater levels of parasitaemia. We conclude that younger age, higher initial temperature, and higher baseline parasitaemia predict early treatment failure and a higher probability of worsening anaemia between admission and days 7 or 14 post-treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of International Health, Center for International Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA. dhamer@bu.edu
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hamer
authors.forename: W B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: MacLeod
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Addo-Yobo
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Estrella
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Fawzi
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Konde-Lule
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mwanakasale
authors.forename: Z G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Premji
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sempértegui
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Ssengooba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yeboah-Antwi
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000740:Anemia / Q000469:parasitology*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001831:Body Temperature; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D002738:Chloroquine