title: Factors predisposing to perinatal death related to uterine rupture during attempted vaginal birth after caesarean section: retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the factors associated with an increased risk of perinatal death related to uterine rupture during attempted vaginal birth after caesarean section.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the linked Scottish Morbidity Record and Stillbirth and Infant Death Survey of births in Scotland, 1985-98.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women with one previous caesarean delivery who gave birth to a singleton infant at term by a means other than planned repeat caesarean section (n = 35 854).
  
  
  METHODS
  All intrapartum uterine rupture and uterine rupture resulting in perinatal death (that is, death of the fetus or neonate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall proportion of vaginal births was 74.2% and of uterine rupture was 0.35%. The risk of intrapartum uterine rupture was higher among women who had not previously given birth vaginally (adjusted odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.6 to 3.9, P < 0.001) and those whose labour was induced with prostaglandin (2.9, 2.0 to 4.3, P < 0.001). Both factors were also associated with an increased risk of perinatal death due to uterine rupture. Delivery in a hospital with < 3000 births a year did not increase the overall risk of uterine rupture (1.1, 0.8 to 1.5, P = 0.67). However, the risk of perinatal death due to uterine rupture was significantly higher in hospitals with < 3000 births a year (one per 1300 births) than in hospitals with >or= 3000 births a year (one per 4700; 3.4, 1.0 to 14.3, P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who have not previously given birth vaginally and those whose labour is induced with prostaglandin are at increased risk of uterine rupture when attempting vaginal birth after caesarean section. The risk of consequent death of the infant is higher in units with lower annual numbers of births.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 2QQ. gcss2@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gordon C S
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jill P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pell
authors.forename: Dharmintra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pasupathy
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dobbie
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012606:Scotland; D014597:Uterine Rupture / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D016064:Vaginal Birth after Cesarean / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality