title: Clinical characteristics of acute dysphagia in pediatric patients following traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the clinical characteristics of acute dysphagia in a group of pediatric patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective group study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen subjects (7 males, 7 females), aged 4 years 1 month to 15 years, with moderate or severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] < 12). Subjects were assessed via clinical bedside examination documenting cognitive status, oromotor function, feeding function, dietary recommendations, and an indication of overall feeding severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A pattern of impaired cognition, altered behavior related to feeding, severe tonal and postural deficits, oromotor, respiratory, and laryngeal impairments, and oral sensitivity issues was revealed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Swallowing impairment was affected by multilevel deficits, which both individually and in combination had a negative impact on swallowing competence and safety. In light of deficits identified, which could not be observed on videofluoroscopic investigation alone, this study highlighted the importance of the clinical bedside examination in assessing dysphagia in pediatric patients post-TBI for identifying targets for intervention.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. angela.morgan@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murdoch
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D001519:Behavior; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D007830:Larynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009055:Mouth / Q000503:physiopathology; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal