title: Altered visceral perceptual and neuroendocrine response in patients with irritable bowel syndrome during mental stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stress often worsens the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We hypothesised that this might be explained by altered neuroendocrine and visceral sensory responses to stress in IBS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen IBS patients and 22 control subjects were assessed using rectal balloon distensions before, during, and after mental stress. Ten controls and nine patients were studied in supplementary sessions. Rectal sensitivity (thresholds and intensity-visual analogue scale (VAS)) and perceived stress and arousal (VAS) were determined. Plasma levels of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, noradrenaline, and adrenaline were analysed at baseline, immediately after stress, and after the last distension. Heart rate was recorded continuously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thresholds were increased during stress in control subjects (p<0.01) but not in IBS patients. Both groups showed lower thresholds after stress (p<0.05). Repeated distensions without stress did not affect thresholds. Both groups showed increased heart rate (p<0.001) and VAS ratings for stress and arousal (p<0.05) during stress. Patients demonstrated higher ratings for stress but lower for arousal than controls. Basal CRF levels were lower in patients (p<0.05) and increased significantly during stress in patients (p<0.01) but not in controls. Patients also responded with higher levels of ACTH during stress (p<0.05) and had higher basal levels of noradrenaline than controls (p<0.01). Controls, but not patients, showed increased levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to stress (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stress induced exaggeration of the neuroendocrine response and visceral perceptual alterations during and after stress may explain some of the stress related gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Posserud
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agerforz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ekman
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Björnsson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abrahamsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simrén
mesh_terms: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D012007:Rectum / Q000503:physiopathology; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000502:physiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine