title: O-GlcNAc a sensor of cellular state: the role of nucleocytoplasmic glycosylation in modulating cellular function in response to nutrition and stress.
abstract: Myriad nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in metazoans are modified on Ser and Thr residues by the monosaccharide O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). The rapid and dynamic change in O-GlcNAc levels in response to extracellular stimuli, morphogens, the cell cycle and development suggests a key role for O-GlcNAc in signal transduction pathways. Modulation of O-GlcNAc levels has profound effects on the functioning of cells, in part mediated through a complex interplay between O-GlcNAc and O-phosphate. In many well-studied proteins, the O-GlcNAc modification and phosphorylation are reciprocal. That is, they occur on different subsets of the protein population, as the site of attachment occurs on the same or adjacent Ser/Thr residues. Recently, O-GlcNAc has been implicated in the etiology of type II diabetes, the regulation of stress response pathways, and in the regulation of the proteasome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205-2185, USA.
authors.forename: Natasha E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Zachara
authors.forename: Gerald W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hart
mesh_terms: D000117:Acetylglucosamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006801:Humans; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011506:Proteins; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C110628:hexosaminidase C; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; D005947:Glucose; D000117:Acetylglucosamine