title: Tazarotene does not affect the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a norethindrone/ethinylestradiol oral contraceptive.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between oral tazarotene and an oral contraceptive containing norethindrone 1mg and ethinylestradiol 0.035 mg (Ortho-Novum 1/35).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two separate open-label, parallel-group, single-centre, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven healthy women (age 20-55 years) completed Study I, with a duration of 64 days during three consecutive menstrual cycles. Ortho-Novum 1/35 was taken once daily from study day 0 (first cycle day 1) to day 61 (third cycle day 6), and oral tazarotene 1.1 mg was coadministered daily from study day 34 (second cycle day 7) to day 61. Twenty-nine healthy women (age 20-44 years) completed Study II, with a duration of 75 days during three consecutive menstrual cycles. Ortho-Novum 1/35 was taken once daily from study day 0 (first cycle day 1) to day 74 (third cycle day 19), and oral tazarotene 6 mg was coadministered daily from study day 48 (second cycle day 21) to day 74. In both studies, the pharmacokinetics of tazarotenic acid on study day 61 (third cycle day 6) were evaluated from plasma tazarotenic acid concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters of plasma norethindrone and ethinylestradiol were compared before and after tazarotene administration (cycle day 6 of the second and third cycles, respectively). Serum luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were compared before and after tazarotene administration (cycle days 2, 4 and 6 of the second and third cycles, respectively). In Study II, serum progesterone concentrations were also determined on cycle days 18 and 20 of the second and third cycles. Tazarotenic acid was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Ethinylestradiol and norethindrone were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. LH and FSH were assayed by microparticle enzyme immunoassay in Study I and by double-antibody radioimmunoassay in Study II. Progesterone was determined by solid-phase radioimmunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Study I (tazarotene 1.1 mg), the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to 24 hours (AUC24) and the peak concentration in plasma (Cmax) for tazarotenic acid were 121 +/- 27 microg. h/L and 28.9 +/- 9.4 microg/L (mean +/- SD), respectively. In Study II (tazarotene 6 mg), AUC24 and Cmax for tazarotenic acid were 379 +/- 78 microg. h/L and 111 +/- 37 microg/L (mean +/- SD), respectively. In both studies, for both norethindrone and ethinylestradiol, the 90% CIs of AUC24 and Cmax on cycle day 6 before and after tazarotene administration were within the 80-125% boundary. In Study I, the 90% CIs of serum FSH and LH concentrations on cycle day 4 were within the 80-125% boundary. FSH and LH concentrations on cycle day 6 were marginally/partially outside the 80-125% boundary as a result of high variability. However, the mean FSH and LH serum concentrations on cycle day 6 of the third cycle were lower than those of the second cycle. In Study II, the 90% CIs of serum FSH, LH and progesterone concentrations were all within the 80-125% boundary, except for LH on cycle day 2. LH concentrations on cycle day 2 were marginally/partially outside the 80-125% boundary as a result of high variability. However, the mean serum LH concentration on cycle day 2 of the third cycle was lower than that of the second cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral tazarotene up to 6 mg once daily does not affect the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of Ortho-Novum 1/35.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmcokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Allergan Inc., Irvine, California 92612-1599, USA. Yu_Steve@Allergan.com
authors.forename: Zhiling
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Patricia S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Diane D-S
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Tang-Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012176:Retinoids
chemical_list: D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D003879:Dermatologic Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; D009640:Norethindrone; D011374:Progesterone; C086827:tazarotene; D012176:Retinoids