title: Treatment of nonunited hindfoot fusions.
abstract: The management of delayed union and nonunion is complex and is contingent on appropriate diagnosis and classification. Detection techniques and treatment options, including cast immobilization, electrical stimulation, surgical repair, or a combination of regimens, are discussed in this article.
authors.affiliation: Broadlawns Medical Center, 1801 Hickman Road, Des Moines, IA 50314, USA. vmandracchia@broadlawns.org
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Mandracchia
authors.forename: W Ashton
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Nickles
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mandi
authors.forename: Amy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jaeger
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sanders
mesh_terms: D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017760:Bone Malalignment / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D012086:Reoperation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology