title: Characterization of DNA antigens from immune complexes deposited in the skin of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Skin lesions are common manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is still unknown what the definite pathogenesis of skin involvement was and whether DNA participated in it. Our study was designed to explore the pathogenetic role and nature of nuclear antigen (DNA) deposited in the skin lesions of patients with SLE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty skin samples from patients with SLE and 2 normal skin samples were studied. Extracellular DNA was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence methods. The deposited immune complexes were extracted by cryoprecipitation, and DNA was then isolated with phenol and chloroform. DNA fragment sizes were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. Finally, 8 different probes were used to analyze the origin of these DNA molecules using Dot hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Extracellular DNA staining was found only in skin lesions, mainly those located in the basement membrane zone, vascular wall, and hair follicle wall. Normal skin and non-lesion SLE skin showed no fluorescence at locations outside the nuclei. There were no differences in the rate and intensity of extracellular DNA staining when comparing active phase to remission phase patients. No relationship was found between extracellular DNA and circulating anti-dsDNA antibodies. Deposited DNA fragments clustered into four bands of somewhat discrete sizes: 20 000 bp, 1300 bp, 800-900 bp, 100-200 bp. Small sized fragments (100-200 bp) were positively correlated with disease activity (P < 0.05, r = 0.407). Dot hybridization showed significant homology of the various extracellular DNA fragments examined with human genomic DNA, but not with DNA from the microorganisms and viruses we examined. There were also homologies between DNA samples from different individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DNA and its immune complexes may contribute to the pathogenesis of skin lesions in SLE. These DNA molecules range in size from 100 bp to 20 kb and may be endogenous in origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510120, China. fqzeng@21cn.com
authors.forename: Fan-qin
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Ruo-fei
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Guo-zhen
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: De-qing
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000032:analysis*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D004247:DNA