title: Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation.
abstract: The order Passeriformes ("perching birds") comprises extant species diversity comparable to that of living mammals. For over a decade, a single phylogenetic hypothesis based on DNA-DNA hybridization has provided the primary framework for numerous comparative analyses of passerine ecological and behavioral evolution and for tests of the causal factors accounting for rapid radiations within the group. We report here a strongly supported phylogenetic tree based on two single-copy nuclear gene sequences for the most complete sampling of passerine families to date. This tree is incongruent with that derived from DNA-DNA hybridization, with half of the nodes from the latter in conflict and over a third of the conflicts significant as assessed under maximum likelihood. Our historical framework suggests multiple waves of passerine dispersal from Australasia into Eurasia, Africa, and the New World, commencing as early as the Eocene, essentially reversing the classical scenario of oscine biogeography. The revised history implied by these data will require reassessment of comparative analyses of passerine diversification and adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, 55108, USA. barke024@tc.umn.edu
authors.forename: F Keith
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: Barker
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cibois
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schikler
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feinstein
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cracraft
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005843:Geography; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D020308:Songbirds / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*