title: Holy hatred.
abstract: There are at least 83 countries where homosexuality is condemned in the criminal code; 26 of these are Muslim countries and in seven the death penalty for persons presumed guilty of homosexual acts makes sexual minorities extremely vulnerable. In spite of such obstacles, same-sex relationships do take place, even in the most repressive countries. Sometimes the very segregation of the sexes allows for intimacy between people of the same sex without it being considered abnormal. There are positive examples of same-sex relationships to be found in different Muslim cultures, e.g. in travelling theatre and musical groups and in poetry. Controversy regarding the position of Islam on homosexuality is ongoing, as the Qur'an is far from clear on the issue. There is also a strong connection between homophobic assaults by fundamentalists and those directed against women who do not "behave." Sexuality and sexual conformity may be the focus of attention by fundamentalist forces because individual choice and autonomy, especially for women, is seen as a threat. Despite a threatening environment, sexual minorities are organising and becoming more visible in Muslim countries and communities; whether mainly political, social or religious in their motivation, these organisations all aim at breaking the isolation faced by sexual minorities.
authors.affiliation: Women Living Under Muslim Laws-International Solidarity Network, London, UK. wluml@wluml.org
authors.forename: Anissa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hélie
mesh_terms: D018912:Arabs / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology; D045809:Human Rights Abuses; D006801:Humans; D007514:Islam; D008297:Male; D008877:Middle East; D012736:Sex Education / Q000592:standards; D014933:Women's Rights