title: Inhibitory effect of the antidepressant St. John's wort (hypericum perforatum) on rat bladder contractility in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of St. John's wort (SJW), an effective and safe herbal antidepressant, on rat bladder contractility. Recent data have suggested a strong association between depression and urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Strips were cut from the bladder body and placed in organ baths containing Krebs solution. Contractions were induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and, in some experiments, by exogenous alpha,beta (alpha,beta)-methylene adenosine triphosphate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  St. John's wort was significantly more active in inhibiting the EFS-induced contractions than the alpha,beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate-induced contractions, suggesting both a presynaptic site of action and a direct inhibition of bladder smooth muscle. The inhibitory effect of SJW on EFS-induced contractions was unaffected by methysergide, haloperidol, phentolamine plus propranolol (antagonists that block the action of the neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytriptamine, dopamine, and noradrenaline on their own receptors), the L-type calcium channel antagonist verapamil, capsazepine (which blocks the vanilloid receptor), or cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A. However, the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of SJW on EFS-induced contractions. Among the chemical constituents of SJW tested, hyperforin and, to a lesser extent, the flavonoid kaempferol showed inhibitory effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study demonstrated that SJW inhibits excitatory transmission of the rat urinary bladder and also directly inhibits smooth muscle contractility. The inhibitory effect on excitatory transmission could involve, at least in part, opioid receptors. SJW may be evaluated for its possible use in treating urinary incontinence in depressed patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Capasso
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borrelli
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Capasso
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mascolo
authors.forename: Angelo A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Izzo
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D020902:Hypericum; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008784:Methysergide / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010569:Perylene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011794:Quercetin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077285:Rimonabant; D012431:Rutin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D044949:Kaempferols; D010880:Piperidines; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013729:Terpenes; C012526:quercitrin; D009270:Naloxone; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D012431:Rutin; D010569:Perylene; C006552:kaempferol; D001285:Atropine; C004965:hypericin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011794:Quercetin; D011433:Propranolol; D014700:Verapamil; D010696:Phloroglucinol; D006220:Haloperidol; C071423:capsazepine; D000109:Acetylcholine; C002630:alpha,beta-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate; C001654:hyperforin; D000077285:Rimonabant; D002211:Capsaicin; D008784:Methysergide; D010646:Phentolamine