title: Esophageal variceal ligation for acute variceal bleeding: results of three years' follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic variceal ligation is widely accepted as the optimum endoscopic treatment for esophageal variceal hemorrhage. However, the rebleeding course and long-term outcome of patients with esophageal variceal hemorrhage after ligation have been poorly defined. Therefore, we conducted a long-term follow-up study to delineate the outcome of ligation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one liver cirrhotic patients with endoscopically proven esophageal variceal hemorrhage were treated by endoscopic variceal ligation. These patients received regular follow-up and detailed clinical assessment of at least 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one eligible patients were followed up for a mean of 44.45 months (range 33.5-64 months). The mean number of sessions required to obtain eradication was 3.57+/-1.99 (range 1-8). Esophageal varices could be obliterated within 11.57+/-6.8 weeks (range 3-30). The percentage of variceal recurrence during follow-up was 57.14% (12/21) after endoscopic variceal ligation. Recurrence were observed in a mean of 34 months (median 29 months). Rebleeding from esophageal varices appeared in four patients (19.04%). The appearance rates of portal hypertensive gastropathy and fundal gastric varices after varice obliteration were found to be 45.45% (5/11) and 25% (3/12), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of long-term follow-up of endoscopic variceal ligation, although the percentage of variceal recurrence was high, endoscopic ligation achieved variceal obliteration faster and in fewer treatment sessions. Furthermore, endoscopic variceal ligation had a lower rate of rebleeding and of development of fundal gastric varices, but high portal hypertensive gastropathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey. enginaltintas@mersin.edu.tr
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altintaş
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sezgin
authors.forename: Sabite
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaçar
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tunç
authors.forename: Erkan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Parlak
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altiparmak
authors.forename: Ulkü
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Saritaş
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome