title: Design of symmetric-sweep spectral-spatial RF pulses for spectral editing.
abstract: Spectral-spatial RF (SSRF) pulses allow simultaneous selection in both frequency and spatial domains. These pulses are particularly important for clinical and research MR spectroscopy (MRS) applications for suppression of large water and lipid resonances. Also, the high bandwidth of the subpulses (5-10 kHz) greatly reduces the spatial-shift errors associated with different chemical shifts. However, the use of high-bandwidth subpulses along with enough spectral bandwidth to measure a typical range of metabolite frequencies (e.g., 300 Hz at 3 T) can require RF amplitudes beyond the limits of the RF amplifier of a typical scanner. In this article, a new method is described for designing nonlinear-phase 180 degrees SSRF pulses that can be used for spectral editing. The novel feature of the pulses is that the spectral profile develops as a symmetric sweep, from the outside edges of the spectral window towards the middle, so that coupled components are tipped simultaneously and over a short interval. Pulses were designed for lactate editing at 1.5 T and 3 T. The spectral and spatial spin-echo profiles of the new pulses were measured experimentally. Spectra acquired in phantom experiments showed a well-resolved, edited lactate doublet, with 91% to 93% editing efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA. chuck.cunningham@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Vigneron
authors.forename: Albert P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Duan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ralph E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hurd
authors.forename: Napapon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sailasuta
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pauly
mesh_terms: D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D011846:Radio Waves
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates