title: Complication rate of transtemporal hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasties: a case series review of 76 cranioplasties.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the complication rate of transtemporal cranioplasties using hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) for repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective case review of patients receiving HAC cranioplasties in the Acoustic Neuroma and Skull Base Surgery Program between July 1998 and December 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at a tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 76 HAC cranioplasties were performed in 72 patients undergoing lateral skull base surgery. Patients undergoing anterior skull base surgery or those in which HAC was used for other reconstructive purposes were excluded from the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied transtemporal approaches for otologic procedures requiring cranioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Main outcomes measures consisted of complications requiring medical or surgical intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 76 HAC cranioplasties, two cranioplasty grafts became infected, requiring explantation. The first case involved a wound infection that extended into and involved the HAC graft; the second involved seeding of the HAC graft after meningitis after a percutaneous, endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement performed several days after the primary skull base surgery. This gives our series a wound infection incidence rate of 1.3% and an overall complication incidence rate of 2.63%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective review provides the largest series to date evaluating the incidence of infection in HAC cranioplasties. Despite having a much larger series, our complication rate is the lowest published rate of HAC cranioplasty explantation, and the incidence of superficial wound infections reported here is consistent with the published data for neurosurgical and neurotologic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Poetker
authors.forename: Kristen B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Pytynia
authors.forename: Glenn A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: P Ashley
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wackym
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods; D017886:Durapatite / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006407:Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009464:Neuroma, Acoustic / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001843:Bone Cements; D017886:Durapatite