title: Transcription-dependent somatic hypermutation occurs at similar levels on functional and nonfunctional rearranged IgH alleles.
abstract: Allelic exclusion of IgH chain expression is stringently established before or during early B cell maturation. It likely relies both on cellular mechanisms, selecting those cells in which a single receptor allows the best possible Ag response, and on molecular restrictions of gene accessibility to rearrangement. The extent to which transcriptional control may be involved is unclear. Transcripts arising from nonfunctional alleles would undergo nonsense-mediated degradation and their virtual absence in mature cells cannot ensure that transcription per se is down-regulated. By contrast, somatic hypermutation may provide an estimate of primary transcription in Ag-activated cells since both processes are directly correlated. For coding regions, the rate and nature of mutations also depend upon Ag binding constraints. By sequencing intronic sequence downstream mouse VDJ genes, we could show in the absence of such constraints that somatic hypermutation intrinsically targets nonfunctional rearranged alleles at a frequency approaching that of functional alleles, suggesting that transcription also proceeds on both alleles at a similar rate. By contrast and confirming the strong dependency of somatic hypermutation upon transcription, we show that artificial blockade of transcription on the nonfunctional allele by a knock-in neomycin resistance cassette keeps the VDJ region unmutated even when its promoter is intact and when it is fully rearranged.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 6101, Equipe labellisée La Ligue, Faculté de Médecine, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Delpy
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sirac
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Morvan
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cogné
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D005260:Female; D015326:Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005803:Genes, Immunoglobulin; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D027041:Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D045567:VDJ Recombinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D045567:VDJ Recombinases