Ligand-free Heck reactions using low Pd-loading.
Activated and non-activated aryl bromides undergo smooth ligand-less Heck reactions, provided low amounts of palladium salts such as Pd(OAc)2 are used (ideally 0.01-0.1 mol%). This industrially viable process appears to involve palladium nanoparticles.
Reetz
Manfred T
MT
Max-Planck-Institut fur Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mulheim/Ruhr, Germany.
de Vries
Johannes G
JG