title: Reference axes for reconstruction of the knee.
abstract: Knee alignment is an essential problem in reconstructive surgeries of the knee. Quite a number of reference parameters have been suggested to help the surgeons to get proper alignment during operations. In this article, most commonly used reference axes, both for the axial and the rotational, are reviewed, in an attempt to highlight their reliabilities and clinical relevance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sixth People's Hospital, 600 YiShan Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China. luocongfeng@21cn.com
authors.forename: Cong-Feng
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee / Q000379:methods; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D007866:Leg / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012016:Reference Values; D012399:Rotation; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology