title: Development of ecotoxicity assay based on inhibition of respiring activity in microbial community using XTT reduction.
abstract: The aim of this study is to develop ecotoxicity assay for evaluating the influence of chemicals on a microbial ecosystem based on XTT reduction inhibition (XTT assay). XTT reduction method is used for quantification of the microbial respiratory activity. Since the XTT assay indicates the inhibition of microbial respiratory activity, it could evaluate the toxicity of chemicals. Suitable conditions for the XTT assay were determined to be 200 mg/L of particulate organic carbon as test microbe concentration and 15 min of assay time using activated sludge. Toxicities of several chemicals evaluated by activated sludge as test microbes were examined under these conditions. Sensitivity for the toxicity evaluated by the XTT assay using activated sludge microbes was almost the same value was that for the OECD activated sludge respiration inhibition test (ASRI test). XTT assay was also applied for evaluating the influence of chemicals on the soil microbial community and the XTT assay was used to evaluate a median effective concentration (EC(50)) value of 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP). The EC(50) value of 3,5-DCP was almost the same as the value using activated sludge as test microbes. These results suggest that the XTT assay using both mixed cultures of non-contaminated environments and chemical extracts from various contaminated environments could evaluate the influence on microbial ecosystems affected by toxic chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ecological Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kunihiro
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Hong Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujie
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay; D017753:Ecosystem; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D018675:Toxicity Tests
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances; D012722:Sewage; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts