title: Long gamma nail in the treatment of subtrochanteric fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical and radiological results of subtrochanteric fractures treated with a long gamma nail (LGN). The LGN has been the implant of choice at our level-1 trauma center since 1992.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over a period of 7 years, we have treated 90 consecutive patients with subtrochanteric fractures. In order to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes, we reviewed the clinical and radiographic charts of these patients followed for a mean time of 2 years (range 13-36 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no intra- or perioperative complications nor early or late infection. Clinical and radiological union was achieved at a mean of 4.3 months in all of the patients (range 3-9 months); in 24 cases (30%) the distal locking bolts were retrieved in order to enhance callus formation and remodeling as a planned secondary surgery. Three patients (3.3%) needed unplanned secondary surgery for problems related to the nailing technique. Two mechanical failures with breakage of the nail were encountered due to proximal varus malalignment, of which one was treated with exchange nailing and grafting and the other one by removal of the broken hardware, blade-plating, and bone grafting. One fracture below a short LGN was treated by exchange nailing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The minimally invasive technique and simple application of the LGN lead to a low percentage of complications in these difficult fractures after a relatively short learning curve. The biomechanical properties of this implant allow early mobilization and partial weight-bearing even in patients with advanced osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Service d'orthopédie et de traumatologie de l'appareil locomoteur (Service OTR BH 14), Rue Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Olivier.Borens@chuv.hospvd.ch
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Borens
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wettstein
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kombot
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chevalley
authors.forename: Elyazid
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mouhsine
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garofalo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001858:Bone Nails; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007870:Leg Length Inequality / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome