title: Lipids from oxidized low-density lipoprotein modulate human trophoblast invasion: involvement of nuclear liver X receptors.
abstract: Human embryonic implantation involves major invasion of the uterine wall and remodeling of the uterine arteries by extravillous cytotrophoblast cells (EVCT). Abnormalities in these early steps of placental development lead to poor placentation and fetal growth defects and are frequently associated with preeclampsia, a major complication of human pregnancy. We recently showed that oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) are present in situ in EVCT and inhibit cell invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. The aim of the present study was to better understand the mechanisms by which oxLDL modulate trophoblast invasion. We therefore investigated the presence of oxLDL receptors in our cell culture model of human invasive primary EVCT. We found using immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting that the lectin-like oxLDL receptor-1 was the scavenger receptor mainly expressed in EVCT and was probably involved in oxLDL uptake. We next examined the effect of low-density lipoprotein oxidative state on trophoblast invasion in vitro using EVCT cultured on Matrigel-coated Transwell. We demonstrated that only oxLDL containing a high proportion of oxysterols and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide derivatives that provide ligands for liver X receptor (LXR) and peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), respectively, reduced trophoblast invasion. We next investigated the presence and the role of these nuclear receptors and found that in addition to PPARgamma, human invasive trophoblasts express LXRbeta, and activation of these nuclear receptors by specific synthetic or natural ligands inhibited trophoblast invasion. Finally, using a PPARgamma antagonist, we suggest that LXRbeta, rather than PPARgamma, is involved in oxLDL-mediated inhibition of human trophoblast invasion in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 427, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université René Descartes , 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laëtitia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pavan
authors.forename: Axelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hermouet
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsatsaris
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thérond
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Evain-Brion
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fournier
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D011247:Pregnancy; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008055:Lipids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein