title: DUK114, the Drosophila orthologue of bovine brain calpain activator protein, is a molecular chaperone.
abstract: UK114, the goat liver tumour antigen, is a member of a widely distributed family of conserved low-molecular-mass proteins (YER057c/YjgF/UK114), the function of which is ill understood. To the various orthologues diverse functions have been ascribed, such as translation inhibition, regulation of purine repressor or calpain activation. Owing to a limited sequence similarity to Hsp90 (heat-shock protein 90), they have also been proposed to be molecular chaperones; however, this has never been tested. In the present paper, we report the cloning and characterization of the Drosophila orthologue, DUK114. In brief, DUK114 had no effect that would have qualified it as a calpain activator. In contrast, it proved to be a very potent molecular chaperone in in vitro assays. In a heat-aggregation test, it significantly decelerated the formation of citrate synthase aggregates. In a reverse assay, the recovery of the enzyme from urea- and heat-induced denatured states was accelerated almost 3-fold. On a molar basis, the chaperone activity of the 15-kDa DUK114 is comparable with that of Hsp90, the almost 6-times-larger archetypal molecular chaperone. In similar assays, DUK114 was ineffective with Drosophila calpain A or calpain B. To test for its chaperone activity in vivo, DUK114 was transfected into Schneider (S2) cells; after heat shock, the number of viable non-transfected cells started to increase after a lag time; in the presence of DUK114, cell proliferation started at once. Our work is the first experimental evidence that DUK114, and possibly other members of this family, are molecular chaperones.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Enzymology, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farkas
authors.forename: Gábor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nardai
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Csermely
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tompa
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Friedrich
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002154:Calpain / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D020673:Protein Renaturation; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C410340:calpain activator; D002950:Citrate (si)-Synthase; D002154:Calpain