title: Clonazepam for treatment of sleep disturbances associated with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clonazepam is widely used for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-related sleep disturbances despite very limited published data supporting its use for this indication.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a pilot-controlled trial to provide more data on this clinical practice and lay the foundation for more definitive studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as a randomized, single-blind (ie, patient only), placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial involving administration of clonazepam 1 mg at bedtime for one week followed by 2 mg at bedtime for one week. The following week served as a washout period before the alternate treatment was begun. Patients completed sleep diaries each morning upon awakening throughout the study. Parameters included quantity of sleep, quality of sleep, frequency and intensity of difficulty falling or staying asleep, and frequency and intensity of recurrent distressing dreams.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients with combat-related PTSD participated in the study. There were no statistically significant differences between clonazepam and placebo for any measure, although clonazepam therapy resulted in mild to moderate numeric improvements in difficulty falling or staying asleep. Adverse effects of clonazepam were generally mild and essentially indiscernible from those attributed to placebo. Only one patient elected to receive further treatment with clonazepam at the conclusion of the trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clonazepam therapy was largely ineffective in improving sleep disturbances, particularly nightmares, associated with combat-related PTSD. The small sample size was a significant limitation of this study, but the prospective design and single-blind, placebo-control parameters were strengths. Further studies are needed to further define the role of this widespread clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229-7027, USA. mecates@samford.edu
authors.forename: Marshall E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cates
authors.forename: Melanie H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Lori L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Joette S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lowe
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Woolley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002998:Clonazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004325:Dreams / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014728:Veterans; D014857:Warfare
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002998:Clonazepam