title: Jocks, gender, race, and adolescent problem drinking.
abstract: Alcohol remains the drug of choice for many adolescents; however, the nature of the relationship between athletic involvement and alcohol misuse remains ambiguous. In this article, we used a longitudinal sample of over 600 Western New York adolescents and their families to explore the gender-specific and race-specific relationships between identification with the "jock" label and adolescent alcohol consumption, specifically problem drinking. Operationalization of problem drinking included frequency measures of heavy drinking, binge drinking, and social problems related to alcohol (e.g., trouble with family, friends, school officials over drinking). Self-identified adolescent "jocks" were more likely to engage in problem drinking than their non-jock counterparts, even after controlling for gender, age, race, socioeconomic status, physical maturity, social maturity, and frequency of athletic activity. Jock identity was strongly associated with higher binge drinking frequency in Black adolescent girls. This study underscores the need to distinguish between objective and subjective meanings of athletic involvement when assessing the relationship between sport and adolescent health-risk behavior.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute on Addictions, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14203-1016, USA. kmiller@ria.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Grace M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sabo
authors.forename: Merrill J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Melnick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001741:Black or African American; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009518:New York / Q000453:epidemiology; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D013177:Sports; D044465:White People