Oxidative stress and hypoxia: implications for plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is the major physiological inhibitor of urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators. It has gained special interest among clinicians because a number of pathological conditions, such as myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, thrombosis, several types of cancer, and the metabolic syndrome, as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus, are associated with increased PAI-1 levels. Interestingly, a number of these diseases are also accompanied by oxidative stress and the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species or tissue hypoxia. This article tries to summarize some aspects leading to enhanced PAI-1 production under oxidative stress or hypoxia.
Dimova
Elitsa Y
EY
Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Göttingen, Germany.
Samoylenko
Anatoly
A
Kietzmann
Thomas
T
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
D000975:Antioxidants; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014157:Transcription Factors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases