title: Rosiglitazone improves, while Glibenclamide worsens blood pressure control in treated hypertensive diabetic and dyslipidemic subjects via modulation of insulin resistance and sympathetic activity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Type II diabetes is often associated with high blood pressure, elevated sympathetic activity, and high plasma insulin levels. Hypoglycemic agents may negatively interfere with blood pressure control, sympathetic activity, and plasma insulin level; therefore the choice of treatment in type II diabetes may be crucial. We aimed to compare the effects of two hypoglycemic drugs on blood glucose, blood pressure, sympathetic activity, and insulin levels in type II diabetic and hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight (24M, 24F) type II diabetic, hypertensive, and hyperlipidemic subjects were enrolled and treated for 4 weeks with an ACE inhibitor (Cilazapril) and a statin (Simvastatin). They were then randomized into two groups to receive a thiazolidinedione (Rosiglitazone; ROS) or a sulfonylurea (Glibenclamide; GLB) for 8 weeks. Blood biochemistry, blood pressure, plasma insulin, endothelial function, and sympathetic skin activity were measured before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant drop in systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 6.1 +/- 4.1 mm Hg and 4.2 +/- 1.9 mm Hg respectively; a reduction in plasma insulin concentration by 4.3 +/- 1.9 mU/L and a decline in skin sympathetic activity were observed in the group receiving ROS. The GLB group showed an increase in systolic blood pressure by 3.1 +/- 2.5 mm Hg, no change in diastolic blood pressure, significant elevation in plasma insulin concentration by 2.3 +/- 1.4 mu/L, and augmentation of sympathetic activity. No significant changes in endothelial function were observed in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rosiglitazone improved both plasma glucose and blood pressure levels, probably by attenuation of hyperinsulinemia and sympathetic activity, while Glibenclamide worsened blood pressure control possibly by elevation of insulin levels and activation of the sympathetic system.
authors.affiliation: Noninvasive Cardiac Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114-2696, USA. cyosefy@partners.org
authors.forename: Chaim
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yosefy
authors.forename: Eliahu
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magen
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kiselevich
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Priluk
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Volchek
authors.forename: Reuven J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Viskoper
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D017315:Cilazapril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D005260:Female; D005905:Glyburide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017315:Cilazapril; D005905:Glyburide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D019821:Simvastatin; D045162:Thiazolidinediones