title: Functional and structural characterization of RsbU, a stress signaling protein phosphatase 2C.
abstract: RsbU is a positive regulator of the activity of sigmaB, the general stress-response sigma factor of Gram+ microorganisms. The N-terminal domain of this protein has no significant sequence homology with proteins of known function, whereas the C-terminal domain is similar to the catalytic domains of PP2C-type phosphatases. The phosphatase activity of RsbU is stimulated greatly during the response to stress by associating with a kinase, RsbT. This association leads to the induction of sigmaB activity. Here we present data on the activation process and demonstrate in vivo that truncations in the N-terminal region of RsbU are deleterious for the activation of RsbU. This conclusion is supported by comparisons of the phosphatase activities of full-length and a truncated form of RsbU in vitro. Our determination of the crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of RsbU from Bacillus subtilis reveals structural similarities to the regulatory domains from ubiquitous protein phosphatases and a conserved domain of sigma-factors, illuminating the activation processes of phosphatases and the evolution of "partner switching." Finally, the molecular basis of kinase recruitment by the RsbU phosphatase is discussed by comparing RsbU sequences from bacteria that either possess or lack RsbT.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Unit and Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Delumeau
authors.forename: Sujit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brigulla
authors.forename: Grit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kuhnke
authors.forename: Steven W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hardwick
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Völker
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Yudkin
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry*; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C119219:RsbT protein, Bacillus subtilis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D000071636:Protein Phosphatase 2C; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; C091162:RsbU protein, Bacillus subtilis