title: Effects of levonorgestrel, medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethindrone, progesterone, and 17beta-estradiol on thrombospondin-1 mRNA in Ishikawa cells.
abstract: Abberant endometrial angiogenesis has been implicated in abnormal endometrial bleeding in users of progestin-only contraceptives. We believe that a possible cause is an underexpression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). Progestins had less effects on TSP-1 mRNA compared to P, in Ishikawa cells, and this difference in TSP-1 expression by individual progestins may be associated with the irregular bleeding seen in women using progestin-only contraception.
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mirkin
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Archer
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol