title: Effects of acute and chronic treatment with the sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE-1) inhibitor cariporide on myocardial infarct mass in rabbits with hypercholesterolaemia.
abstract: We investigated the cardioprotective effect of acute and chronic sodium hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE-1) inhibition with cariporide under pathological conditions in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet (0.25% cholesterol, 3% coconut oil), an experimental model of atherosclerosis. New Zealand White rabbits were fed over 4 weeks with normal diet or with atherogenic diet and randomized in 3 subgroups (n=7 in each group); placebo, acute cariporide (0.3 mg/kg, 10 min. before occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery and chronic cariporide (4 weeks 0.1% in chow). In the final infarction experiments the animals were subjected to 30 min. of myocardial ischaemia by occlusion of a branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. Infarct mass was evaluated by triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride staining and the infarct size expressed as a percentage of area at risk. Besides the assessment of aortic endothelium-dependent function aortic and cardiac vessels were inspected for atherosclerotic lesions. In cholesterol-fed rabbits, the infarct size was significantly increased when compared with normal diet animals (63+/-3% versus 41+/-3%). Acute cariporide treatment reduced the infarct size in normal diet rabbits to 14%+/-3% (66% decrease, P<0.05) as well as in atherogenic diet rabbits to 22+/-3% (65% decrease, P<0.05). Chronic treatment with cariporide also reduced the infarct size significantly: normal diet 19+/-2% (53% decrease, P<0.05), atherogenic diet 32+/-3% (49% decrease, P<0.05). Total cholesterol serum levels in rabbits with atherogenic diet were significantly higher (15.3+/-2.7 mmol/l) than those on a standard diet (0.65+/-0.08 mmol/l). Chronic cariporide treatment significantly attenuated the increase of serum cholesterol (7.9+/-1.9 mmol/l) and improved the lipoprotein pattern. Although the aortas and heart vessels of hypercholesterolaemic animals were without any histological evidence of atherosclerosis they developed endothelial dysfunction (reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation by ACh), which was prevented by chronic cariporide treatment. Acute and chronic treatment with the NHE-1 inhibitor cariporide significantly reduced infarct mass. This effect was associated with improved endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: IV. Medical Clinic, Department of Nephrology, J.W. Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Albus
authors.forename: Hans-Jochen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Andreas E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Linz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000473:pathology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004036:Diet, Atherogenic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006146:Guanidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010210:Papillary Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D006146:Guanidines; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D013450:Sulfones; C093373:cariporide; D002784:Cholesterol