title: Update on the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: The esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the prevailing histology subtype of esophageal cancer and is distinguished by its high mortality and its geographic differences in regards to its incidence. The exact cause of this neoplasia is still unknown in spite of all the research made in this area. Our understanding about pathogenesis, epidemiology and behaviour of the ESCC is still in progress thanks to the advances on the field of molecular biology. Some of these advances include the research of etiopathogenesis (virus, as the human papillomavirus, and the genes susceptible to cancer), genes associated with tumors (oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes), as well as new forms of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for the treatment of this neoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Hominem (Non-Governmental Organization), Lima, Peru.
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cervantes
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*