title: Depressive symptoms amongst adolescent primary care attenders. Levels and associations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Background High rates of depressive disorder have been documented amongst adolescents attending general practitioners (GPs) in urban areas. However, little is known about the associations of adolescent depression in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  We completed a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of adolescents, their parents and general practitioners, following adolescent attendance at the surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found high levels of depressive symptoms to be present in adolescent attenders of a broad range of social backgrounds. Depressive symptoms were associated with the following demographic and contextual factors: older age, female gender and parental psychiatric symptoms. They were also associated with the presence of physical symptoms causing psychosocial impairment, with health risks (use of cannabis and exposure to drugs) and with use of services (both primary care and mental health services). Levels of depressive symptoms were similar in urban and suburban groups. However, associations of depressive symptoms with smoking, exposure to drugs, cannabis use and primary care attendance were demonstrated in the suburban group and not the urban group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescent GP attenders have high levels of depressive symptomatology. GP recognition and intervention should have the potential to impact on adolescent depression and on associated risks.
authors.affiliation: Great Ormond St Hospital for Children, London, UK.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Tami
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garralda
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology