title: The influence of freezer storage of urine samples on the BONN-Risk-Index for calcium oxalate crystallization.
abstract: This study was performed to quantify the effect of a 1-week freezer storage of urine on its calcium oxalate crystallization risk. Calcium oxalate is the most common urinary stone material observed in urolithiasis patients in western and affluent countries. The BONN-Risk-Index of calcium oxalate crystallization risk in human urine is determined from a crystallization experiment performed on untreated native urine samples. We tested the influence of a 1-week freezing on the BONN-Risk-Index value as well as the effect of the sample freezing on the urinary osmolality. In vitro crystallization experiments in 49 native urine samples from stone-forming and non-stone forming individuals were performed in order to determine their calcium oxalate crystallization risk according to the BONN-Risk-Index approach. Comparison of the results derived from original sample investigations with those obtained from the thawed aliquots by statistical evaluation shows that i) no significant deviation from linearity between both results exists and ii) both results are identical by statistical means. This is valid for both, the BONN-Risk-Index and the osmolality data. The differences in the BONN-Risk-Index results of both procedures of BONN-Risk-Index determination, however, exceed the clinically acceptable difference. Thus, determination of the urinary calcium oxalate crystallization risk from thawed urine samples cannot be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. norbert.laube@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laube
authors.forename: Diana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine*; D003460:Crystallization; D005615:Freezing; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013048:Specimen Handling; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000652:urine*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002129:Calcium Oxalate