title: Size matters: effects of stimulus size, duration and eccentricity on the visual gamma-band response.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of stimulus size, duration and eccentricity on the visual gamma-band response (GBR) in human EEG were investigated and compared to visual evoked potentials (VEPs) in order to differentiate in future (and past) experiments whether changes in GBRs are due to stimulus-related (exogenous) or cognitive effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  EEG was recorded from 23 subjects while they performed a simple choice reaction time task requiring discrimination of squares and circles. In separate blocks stimulus size, duration, and eccentricity were manipulated. EEG was recorded from 64 electrodes. A wavelet transform based on Morlet wavelets was employed for the analysis of gamma-band activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amplitude of the GBR was diminished for small and peripheral stimuli. With short stimulus durations ON and OFF responses of the GBR merged into one peak. In comparison, VEP amplitudes were less susceptible to stimulus features. In contrast to VEP latencies, however, GBR latency did not show a lateralization for eccentric stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to previous experiments which have shown a modulation of the GBR by various cognitive processes, the present results demonstrate the susceptibility of the GBR in human EEG to exogenous factors, as numerous intracortical recordings in non-human primates have shown before. The results suggest that the human GBR resides in early visual areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The demonstration of the susceptibility of the GBR to stimulus properties implies that studies aimed at exploring the involvement of the GBR in information processing have to be designed carefully. It also constrains the localization of the human GBR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, P.O. Box 4120, 39016 Magdeburg, Germany. niko.busch@nat.uni-magdeburge.de
authors.forename: Niko A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Busch
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Debener
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kranczioch
authors.forename: Andreas K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Christoph S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Herrmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors