title: A simple model for potential use with a misclassified binary outcome in epidemiology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Error in determination of disease outcome occurs in epidemiology, but such error is not usually corrected for in statistical analysis. A method of correction of risk estimates for misclassification of a binary disease outcome is developed here.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method is a simple, closed form correction to the logistic regression estimate. A closed form variance estimate is also developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The method is illustrated in two studies, a cross sectional survey of cervicitis in Iran in 1996-97, as determined by inflammation on cervical smear specimens, and a case-cohort study of benign proliferative epithelial disease of the breast, in Canada 1980-88.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The method provides corrected odds ratio estimates and corrects the spurious precision conferred by misclassification.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method is easy to apply and potentially useful, although potential failures of the assumptions involved should be borne in mind. It is necessary to give careful consideration to the plausibility or otherwise of the assumptions in the context of the individual study. Correction for misclassification of disease outcome may become more common with the development of readily applicable methods.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Department of Epidemiology, Mathematics and Statistics, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK. stephen.duffy@cancer.org.uk
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warwick
authors.forename: A R W
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keshavarz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kaffashian
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Rohan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nili
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadeghi-Hassanabadi
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D015991:Epidemiologic Measurements; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity