Management of opportunistic infections in solid-organ transplantation.
Solid-organ transplantation is often the last alternative in many patients with end-stage organ disease. Although advances in immunosuppressive regimens, surgical techniques, organ preservation, and overall management of transplant recipients have improved graft and patient survival, infectious complications remain problematic. Bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections are implicated after transplantation depending on numerous factors, such as degree of immunosuppression, type of organ transplant, host factors, and period after transplantation. Proper prophylactic and treatment strategies are imperative in the face of chronic immunosuppression, nosocomial and community pathogens, emerging drug resistance, drug-drug interactions, and medication toxicities. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, incidence, prevention, and treatment strategies of common posttransplant infections.
Chiu
Loretta M
LM
University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Domagala
Beata M
BM
Park
Jeong M
JM
D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001682:Biological Availability; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods*; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016377:Organ Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents