title: Long-term followup of penile carcinoma treated with penectomy and bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated modified inguinal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of penile carcinoma, analyzing the rate of complications compared to complete inguinal lymphadenectomy, the complications in performing lymphadenectomy and penectomy concomitantly, and the long-term locoregional recurrence rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 26 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis were clinically assessed, and underwent penectomy and bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy at the same operative time. Frozen section analysis of lymph nodes was performed and if metastases were detected a complete ipsilateral inguinal dissection was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 52 modified lymphadenectomies were performed. In 10 procedures lymph node metastasis was present. Clinical staging presented false-positive and false-negative rates of 50% and 7.9%, respectively. The complication rate for modified lymphadenectomy was 38.9% and for complete inguinal lymphadenectomy it was 87.5%. Followup ranged from 5 to 112 months and mean followup of recurrence-free cases was 78 months (range 38 to 112). A total of 18 patients underwent bilateral negative modified inguinal lymphadenectomy and 2 of these experienced locoregional recurrence within 2 years after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy causes a lower complication rate than complete inguinal lymphadenectomy. Bilateral modified inguinal lymphadenectomy performed at the same time as penectomy does not increase the complication rate. When frozen section analysis is negative bilaterally, 5.5% of inguinal regions might still harbor occult metastasis. Modified inguinal lymphadenectomy is recommended as a staging procedure in all patients with T2-3 penile carcinoma. A straight followup is required for 2 years since all recurrence was within this period.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carlos Arturo Levi
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: d'Ancona
authors.forename: Roberto Gonçalves
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: de Lucena
authors.forename: Fernando Augusto de Oliveira
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Querne
authors.forename: Mário Henrique Tavares
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Fernandes
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Denardi
authors.forename: Nelson Rodrigues
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Netto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery*