title: Pathogens use carbohydrates to escape immunity induced by dendritic cells.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) play a central role in balancing immune responses between tolerance induction and immune activation. Under steady state conditions DCs continuously sample antigens, leading to tolerance, whereas inflammatory conditions activate DCs, inducing immune activation. DCs express C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) for antigen capture and presentation, whereas Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are involved in pathogen recognition and DC activation. Recent data demonstrate that communication between TLRs and CLRs can affect the direction of immune responses. Several pathogens specifically target CLRs to subvert this communication to escape immune surveillance, either by inducing tolerance or skewing the protective immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Y.vanKooyk@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van Kooyk
authors.forename: Anneke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engering
authors.forename: Annemarie N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Lekkerkerker
authors.forename: Irene S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Teunis B H
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Geijtenbeek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000276:immunology*; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007109:Immunity; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology*; D012547:Schistosoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014780:Viruses / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors