title: Ventilation strategy affects cytokine release after mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the impact of different ventilation modalities on lung and plasma concentrations of cytokines in a model of secondary lung inflammation, mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion, in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research laboratory of a university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four male adult Wistar rats weighing 320-380 g.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight groups were studied. Two groups underwent no surgical procedure: They were either not ventilated or ventilated with an injurious modality consisting of 30 mL/kg tidal volume (Vt) without positive-end expiratory pressure (PEEP). Animals of the other groups underwent laparotomy with or without 2-hr mesenteric ischemia followed by 4 hrs of reperfusion during which the rats were mechanically ventilated. Ventilation modalities were conventional (tidal volume 10 mL/kg, PEEP 3 cm H2O), protective (6 mL/kg, 6 cm H(2)O), or injurious (tidal volume 30 mL/kg and no PEEP). Rats were killed by exsanguination, and their lungs were excised and homogenized in buffer. Supernatants of lung homogenates and plasmas were stored at -80 degrees C for subsequent measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, macrophage inhibitory protein 2, and interleukin-10 were determined in lung supernatants and plasmas with a rat-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Lung and plasma cytokine concentrations were not significantly different between rats ventilated with the injurious modality only and nonventilated rats. Lung and plasma cytokine concentrations were higher in rats that had undergone mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion than in rats with laparotomy only, whatever ventilation modality. Lung and plasma cytokine concentrations were higher in these rats after the injurious ventilation modality than after the other modalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that an injurious ventilation does not produce significant in vivo release of cytokines in intact animals but promotes the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in an inflammatory context.
authors.affiliation: EA3512, IFR Claude Bernard, Faculté Xavier Bichat, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Lila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bouadma
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schortgen
authors.forename: Jean-Damien
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ricard
authors.forename: Geneviève
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martet
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dreyfuss
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saumon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000379:methods*; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation; D013990:Tidal Volume
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines