title: [The relationship between oral habits, oronasopharyngeal alterations, and malocclusion in preschool children in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil].
abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of malocclusion and associated variables such as deleterious habits (DH) and oronasopharyngeal alterations (OA), mouth breathing, atypical phonation, and atypical swallowing in three-year-old children in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The sample included 291 children of both sexes enrolled in a Children's Educational Center and selected through probability sampling by conglomerates. Logistic regression indicated a high relative risk (RR) in children with altered overjet, open bite, and cross-bite to present mouth breathing (RR = 1.89; CI: 1.56-2.03), (RR = 2.46; CI: 2.00-3.02), (RR = 1.45; CI: 1.23-1.72); atypical swallowing (RR = 2.57; CI: 1.87-3.52), (RR = 3.49; CI: 2.53-4.81), (RR = 1.86; CI: 1.46-2.39); and atypical phonation (RR = 2.25; CI: 1.66-3.05), (RR = 3.18; CI: 2.38-4.25), (RR = 1.71; CI: 1.32-2.22), respectively. An association was shown between finger or pacifier sucking and altered overjet (p < 0.001), and between pacifier sucking and open bite (p < 0.001). Such results indicate that the prevalence of malocclusions is associated with DH and OA.
authors.affiliation: Núcleo de Pesquisas Craniofaciais, Departamento de Medicina Social, Centro Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Victoria, Brazil. adautoemmerich@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Adauto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Emmerich
authors.forename: Luiza
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: Urubatan Vieira
authors.initials: UV
authors.lastname: de Medeiros
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005386:Fingersucking; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009055:Mouth; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000002:abnormalities; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013391:Sucking Behavior; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology