title: Beneficial effect of concomitant induction with antilymphoblast globulin, cyclosporine, and steroids on long-term renal allograft outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The addition of induction therapy with antilymphocytic antibodies to cyclosporine (CsA) based immunosuppression, has reduced acute rejection incidence and improved short-term survivals, but has not had well-established effects on long-term renal transplant survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the long-term allograft outcome of patients included in a prospective randomized clinical study conducted in our center 15 years ago by comparing two strategies: (A) horse antilymphoblast globulin (ALG) given at 10 mg/kg on alternate days to a maximum of 6 doses with low-dose CsA started at 8 mg/kg per day and prednisone at 0.25 mg/kg per day, versus (B) CsA started at 15 mg/kg per day and prednisone at 0.5 mg/kg per day. Diabetic and highly sensitized patients (PRA > 70%) were excluded from the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The characteristics of the 50 patients enrolled in each group were not different. Although patient survival was not different (88% in group A vs 77% in group B), recipients treated with ALG showed a lower incidence of acute rejection episodes (20% vs 44%, P = .01) and better death-censored renal allograft survival (57% vs 41%, P = .03). Among rejection-free patients, graft survival was 15% higher in group A (60% vs 45%, P = .12). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that an acute rejection episode (relative risk [RR]: 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-4.39; P = .0029) rather than ALG immunosuppression (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.41-1.33; P = NS) was an independent predictor of death-censored graft survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, we confirmed that concomitant induction therapy with ALG, CsA, and steroids improves long-term renal allograft survival.
authors.affiliation: Servei Nefrologia, Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Moreso
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seron
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gil-Vernet
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cruzado
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Castelao
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Grinyó
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002102:Cadaver; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000961:Antilymphocyte Serum; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine