title: Nondaily hormonal contraception: considerations in contraceptive choice and patient counseling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review currently available choices for non-daily hormonal contraception, considering efficacy, safety, patient counseling issues, and appropriate patient selection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Worldwide medical literature and the individual products' prescribing information.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients and clinicians have many nondaily hormonal contraceptive options available--from Depo-Provera quarterly injection, which has been available in the United States for over 10 years, to several new entries (Mirena 5-year intrauterine system, Lunelle monthly injection, NuvaRing monthly intravaginal ring, and Ortho Evra weekly transdermal patch). All these options offer high efficacy and enhanced convenience for many patients over daily oral contraceptives (OCs). Barriers to use of these agents may include patients' lack of information as well as fear or misconceptions regarding the hormones and methods. All of these can be addressed with adequate patient counseling and open dialogue. The clinician and patient need to be well-informed regarding these options so that they can work together and identify the best contraceptive fit for the patient---with the ultimate goal being to increase patient satisfaction and adherence and, thus, avoid unintended pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the efficacy of OCs, missed pills are quite common and contribute to unintended pregnancy. Many women in all population categories would benefit from the convenience and reliability of nondaily hormonal contraceptives. The highest efficacy rates with typical use are associated with agents that require minimal user participation (i.e., Depo-Provera, Mirena). Compared to daily regimens, all nondaily options offer increased convenience and may contribute to improved patient adherence. However, barriers to use may exist. Patient fears regarding use of hormones can be minimized by discussing the long-term safety of hormonal contraceptives. (The data are predominantly derived from Depo-Provera and OCs because these agents have been available in the United States and in the rest of the world for much longer than the newer nondaily options.) Patient counseling and appropriate expectations regarding changes in menstrual pattern have been demonstrated to further enhance patient adherence to therapy. Finally, patient lifestyle preferences must be considered. The finding that many women are comfortable with or even prefer amenorrhea, which is associated with options such as Depo-Provera, highlights how important it is for clinicians to avoid making assumptions about a patient's contraceptive preferences. Rather, clinicians and patients should exchange information through an open dialogue. For the majority of patients, nondaily hormonal contraceptives should be considered and offered as first-line options.
authors.affiliation: Family Nurse Practitioner Program, Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Sfree01@emory.edu
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freeman
mesh_terms: D002755:Choice Behavior; D003267:Contraception / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000600:supply & distribution; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000600:supply & distribution; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000458:organization & administration; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D012449:Safety; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations