title: Predicting the rate of cognitive decline in aging and early Alzheimer disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine prognostic factors affecting the course of Alzheimer disease (AD) and to determine the role of region-specific brain volumes as predictors of cognitive decline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal data from 166 normal elderly individuals and 59 early AD patients were analyzed. Brain volumes were extracted from MRI scans using semiautomated recursive segmentation methods. Prognostic factors were considered significant if they had a significant effect on the rate of cognitive decline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analysis, higher Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) score at entry was a significant prognostic factor for an increased rate of cognitive decline. Significant prognostic factors within the baseline CDR = 0 group were base rate of progression and percent total high signal intensity (HSI), percent ventricular, and percent CSF volumes. Base rate of progression, family history, and percent ventricular volume were significant prognostic factors within the CDR = 0.5 group and APOE had a marginally significant effect on the rate of cognitive decline in the CDR = 1 group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percent total HSI, ventricular, and total CSF volume measures can independently predict the rate of cognitive decline and improve the predictive power of statistical models that use only clinical data. Brain volumetric measures from MRI can be used to estimate the rate of cognitive decline even among normal elderly individuals and thus may aid in the prediction of time of onset of disease.
authors.affiliation: GE Global Research, Bangalore, India. sudeshna.adak@geind.ge.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Illouz
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tandon
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guariglia
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D001284:Atrophy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003071:Cognition; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009922:Oregon / Q000453:epidemiology; D009929:Organ Size; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E