title: Endoscopic transnasal intradural repair of anterior skull base cerebrospinal fluid fistulae.
abstract: This study presents the techniques and results of endoscopic diagnosis and repair of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae involving the anterior skull base and paranasal sinuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic repair of anterior skull base CSF fistulae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral institutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two patients underwent endoscopic repair of CSF fistula. Thirteen cases were traumatic in origin, 11 spontaneous not associated with meningoencephalocele and 12 with meningoencephalocele. Eleven were iatrogenic and five associated with transphenoidal pituitary surgery, two acute and three delayed following radiotherapy. The average age of patients was 43 and the male to female ratio was 2:1. A variety of techniques were used to repair the dural defect. In the majority of cases placement of a fat plug on the intracranial surface of the dura was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven of the 52 patients had successful primary endoscopic repair of the CSF fistula and skull base defect. Five patients required a repeat procedure due to early failure of the repair. After an average follow-up of 27 months no patient has had any recurrence of leak giving a primary closure success rate of 90% and secondary closure rate of 100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The endoscopic transnasal approach for repair of anterior skull base CSF fistula is a reliable technique and is now the procedure of choice for patients presenting with this problem.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. rjbriggs@netspace.net.au
authors.forename: R J S
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wormald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000601:surgery*; D002559:Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005402:Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019291:Skull Base / Q000601:surgery*