title: Synthesis and characterization of dextran-peptide-methotrexate conjugates for tumor targeting via mediation by matrix metalloproteinase II and matrix metalloproteinase IX.
abstract: We designed and synthesized new dextran-peptide-methotrexate conjugates for tumor-targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics via the mediation of matrix metalloproteinase II (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase IX (MMP-9), both being widely known tumor-associated enzymes. A robust and flexible synthesis procedure and process monitoring chromatography assays were developed. The linker chemistry and the backbone charge were optimized to allow high sensitivity of the conjugates toward the targeted enzymes. The optimal conjugate carries Pro-Val-Gly-Leu-Ile-Gly as the peptide linker, and the charge on the dextran backbone is fully neutralized. In the presence of the targeted enzymes, the peptide was cleaved and peptidyl methotrexate was released, with a kcat/Km value of 1.21 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) for MMP-2 and 3.60 x 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) for MMP-9, respectively. Satisfactory stability of the new conjugates was demonstrated in serum containing conditions, suggesting the conjugates can remain intact in systemic circulation. These findings supported the tumor targeting capability of the new conjugates and warranted further investigation with in vivo study.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: Frederick E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Langer
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D003911:Dextrans / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D044967:Serum
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003911:Dextrans; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010455:Peptides; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D008727:Methotrexate