title: Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the testis: can it be a single diagnostic modality in azoospermia?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine whether fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of testis alone is sufficient to diagnose testicular function and whether follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) estimation can be safely eliminated from the evaluation protocol of the azoospermic subject.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 46 adult azoospermic males who were infertile for more than 2 years following marriage. Hormonal profile was done in all. Later all 46 patients were subjected to bilateral FNAC of the testes. The cytological findings were correlated with histological findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 95.65% agreement between FNAC and testicular biopsy. Though serum FSH estimation was done in all patients in this series, in none of the cases did it affect overall management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FNAC is a quick, safe and minimally invasive modality. Following a well-performed semen analysis in an azoospermic subject, it appears that FNAC may be the only investigation needed. It provides a reliable diagnosis in patients with either obstructive or non-obstructive azoospermia. Routine estimation of FSH can be omitted from the investigative protocol in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. anees@sgpgi.ac.in
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raghavendran
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*