title: Susac syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations; radiographic, audiometric, and retinal fluorescein angiography findings; pathogenesis and treatment of Susac syndrome with review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective case review.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted at a tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 50-year-old woman presented with recurrent episodes of neurologic symptoms, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and silent retinal artery occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient underwent complete evaluation, including magnetic resonance image studies, audiometric tests, and retinal fluorescein angiography. She was treated initially with corticosteroids and later with other immunosuppressive agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was initially diagnosed with left sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Despite comprehensive clinical and laboratory studies that did not reveal systemic disease, 3 weeks later, the patient developed vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, and tinnitus in the opposite ear. The neurologic involvement and the bilateral audiologic manifestations raised the possibility of Susac syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Susac syndrome is a rare disorder of unknown origin characterized by the triad of encephalopathy, fluctuating hearing loss, and visual loss resulting from microangiopathy of the brain, cochlea, and retina. The multiple organ involvement seen in Susac syndrome raises a differential diagnosis ranging from autoimmune disease, through systemic vasculitis, to multiple sclerosis. Otolaryngologists should be aware of this syndrome as a result of the vestibulocochlear manifestations and the multidisciplinary evaluation that is required.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. drgrossm@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Menachem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Banin
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eliashar
authors.forename: Tamir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ben-Hur
mesh_terms: D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003051:Cochlea / Q000098:blood supply; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome