title: Biotechnology of intensive aerobic conversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer.
abstract: Biotechnology for intensive aerobic bioconversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer was developed. The wastes were treated in a closed reactor under controlled aeration, stirring, pH, and temperature at 60 degrees C, after addition of starter bacterial culture Bacillus thermoamylovorans. The biodegradation of sewage sludge was studied by decrease of volatile solids (VS), content of organic carbon and autofluorescence of coenzyme F420. The degradation of anaerobic biomass was faster than biodegradation of total organic matter. The best fertilizer was obtained when sewage sludge was thermally pre-treated, mixed with food waste, chalk, and artificial bulking agent. The content of volatile solid and the content of organic carbon decreased at 24.8% and 13.5% of total solids, respectively, during ten days of bioconversion. The fertilizer was a powder with moisture content of 5%. It was stable, and not toxic for the germination of plant seeds. Addition of 1.0 to 1.5% of this fertilizer to the subsoil increased the growth of different plants tested by 113 to 164%. The biotechnology can be applied in larger scale for the recycling of sewage sludge and food wastes in Singapore.
authors.affiliation: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore. jywang@ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stabnikova
authors.forename: S T L
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tay
mesh_terms: D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors; D001709:Biotechnology; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000378:metabolism; D005308:Fertilizers; D019649:Food Industry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012846:Singapore; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012722:Sewage