title: Pharmacological therapy of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema in the emergency department.
abstract: This paper critically reviews the major drug types that are currently used in the management of acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. As decompensated heart failure becomes an increasingly common problem in emergency departments in the developed world, optimization of emergency drug therapy for these critically ill patients is essential. The evidence base for 'routine therapy' in the ED is considered. The review also briefly considers emerging pharmacological therapies that may have an impact on future management of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema.
authors.affiliation: Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK. cagraham@rcsed.ac.uk
authors.forename: Colin A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016638:Critical Illness; D019049:Developed Countries; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045283:Natriuretic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D018579:Patient Selection; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011725:Pyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077464:Simendan; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D006835:Hydrazones; D045283:Natriuretic Agents; D011724:Pyridazines; D011725:Pyridines; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009599:Nitroprusside; D000077464:Simendan; C120582:tezosentan; D005665:Furosemide