title: Membrane trafficking of angiotensin receptor type-1 and mechanochemical signal transduction in proximal tubule cells.
abstract: Cellular localization and trafficking of the major angiotensin receptor, AT1, was studied in mouse proximal tubule cell lines because angiotensin II concentrations in the luminal fluid of proximal tubules are greater than the K(d) of the receptor and would predict high turnover rates of the receptor. Mouse proximal tubule cells can exist in 2 polarized, differentiated states after confluence: a protoepithelium and a highly differentiated epithelium. The latter is distinguished by greater polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton and collection of apical microtubule-dependent membrane proteins in condensed apical recycling endosomes (CARE) in proximity to the primary cilium. AT1, AT2, and the sodium hydrogen exchanger NHE3 are localized to CARE. With fluid movement, AT1 receptors externalize from CARE to the apical plasma membrane and allow luminal angiotensin II to initiate cell signaling. These data suggest that fluid movement controls receptor externalization and, hence, a model in which ciliary deflection results in transduction of a mechanical stimulus into the chemical signaling of the AT1 receptor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kolb
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Woost
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hopfer
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000187:drug effects; D002923:Cilia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D011992:Endosomes / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011975:Receptors, Mitogen / Q000032:analysis; D012212:Rheology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D011975:Receptors, Mitogen; C027503:wheat germ agglutinin receptor; D000804:Angiotensin II; D012964:Sodium