title: Accuracy and precision of the NovoPen 3 insulin delivery device after mechanical and temperature stresses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the precision, accuracy, and durability of an insulin pen injection device (NovoPen 3) at three preset doses (2 IU, 35 IU, and 70 IU) after exposure to various stress and durability tests that were intended to simulate daily use by patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine reusable NovoPen 3 insulin delivery devices were tested. The precision and accuracy of 10 insulin pen devices were evaluated after they were subjected to multiple thermal and vibration stress tests. Another 10 pen devices were subjected to a free-fall test. Nine other insulin pens were subjected to endurance testing that simulated 5 years of injections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The accuracy (as measured by the relative error of the delivered dose of insulin) of the insulin pen injection devices was within 1% of the preset dose after all stress or endurance tests. A free-fall test produced no indication of damage except for broken clips and snap catches on the caps, which did not affect the integrity or performance of the insulin pens. The precision of the pen devices (as measured by relative standard deviations of delivered volumes of insulin) was likewise high after thermal stress, vibration stress, free-fall testing, or 5-year endurance testing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, this study showed that the insulin pen injection devices tested were durable under conditions of stress likely to be encountered in daily patient use. Neither a wide variety of repetitive stresses nor insulin injection cycles corresponding to 5 years of use affected the accuracy or precision enough to have clinical significance for reliable insulin delivery.
authors.affiliation: Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.
authors.forename: Olga M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Naum M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Khutoryansky
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bilbo
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lawton
authors.forename: Carsten M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kristensen
mesh_terms: D004868:Equipment Failure; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007267:Injections / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019563:Mechanics; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin