title: Molluscicidal effect of nicotinanilide and its intermediate compounds against a freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola, the vector of animal schistosomiasis.
abstract: The molluscicidal effect of nicotinanilide was evaluated and compared with niclosamide (2',5-dichloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide, ethanolamide salt) against different stages of the freshwater snail Lymnaea luteola i.e., eggs, immature, young mature, and adults. Calculated values of lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) showed that both nicotinanilide and niclosamide as toxic against eggs, immature, and adults. The young mature stage of the snails was comparatively more tolerant to both molluscicides than the other stages. The toxicity of the intermediate compounds of nicotinanilide against the young mature stage of the snails showed them as ineffective. The mortality pattern of the snails exposed to LC90 concentration of these molluscicides showed niclosamide to kill faster (within 8 to 9 h) than nicotinanilide (26 to 28 h). In view of the above studies it may be concluded that both molluscicides are toxic against all the stages of the L. luteola snails.
authors.affiliation: Defence Research & Development Establishment, Jhansi road, Gwalior 474 002, India. devanathansukumaran@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sukumaran
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Parashar
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jeevaratnam
authors.forename: Shri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prakash
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004199:Disease Vectors; D005618:Fresh Water; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000187:drug effects*; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009534:Niclosamide / Q000633:toxicity*; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; C038997:nicotinanilide; D009534:Niclosamide