title: Combined cyclosporine-A and methylprednisolone treatment exerts partial and transient neuroprotection against ischemic stroke.
abstract: We investigated the neuroprotective effects of immunosuppressant cyclosporine-A (CsA) and the anti-inflammatory methylprednisolone (MP) in a stroke model. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion then were randomly treated with either: low dose CsA, MP, low dose CsA plus MP, high dose CsA, or vehicle. Ischemic animals that received low dose CsA, MP or vehicle displayed profound motor and neurological impairments at days 1-3 after stroke. In contrast, ischemic animals that received high dose CsA exhibited near normal motor and neurological functions throughout the test period. Of note, ischemic animals that received low dose CsA plus MP showed significantly less motor and neurological deficits at day 1, but thereafter displayed behavioral impairments. Histological analysis at 3 days post-stroke revealed that only those ischemic animals treated with high dose CsA had significantly reduced cerebral infarcts. This study is the first report to demonstrate partial and transient neuroprotection against stroke by low dose CsA when combined with MP.
authors.affiliation: Research and Affiliations Service Line, VAMC Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Guolong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Cesario V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Borlongan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D008775:Methylprednisolone