title: Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: a longitudinal birth cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Watching television in childhood and adolescence has been linked to adverse health indicators including obesity, poor fitness, smoking, and raised cholesterol. However, there have been no longitudinal studies of childhood viewing and adult health. We explored these associations in a birth cohort followed up to age 26 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed approximately 1000 unselected individuals born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in 1972-73 at regular intervals up to age 26 years. We used regression analysis to investigate the associations between earlier television viewing and body-mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness (maximum aerobic power assessed by a submaximal cycling test), serum cholesterol, smoking status, and blood pressure at age 26 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average weeknight viewing between ages 5 and 15 years was associated with higher body-mass indices (p=0.0013), lower cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.0003), increased cigarette smoking (p<0.0001), and raised serum cholesterol (p=0.0037). Childhood and adolescent viewing had no significant association with blood pressure. These associations persisted after adjustment for potential confounding factors such as childhood socioeconomic status, body-mass index at age 5 years, parental body-mass index, parental smoking, and physical activity at age 15 years. In 26-year-olds, population-attributable fractions indicate that 17% of overweight, 15% of raised serum cholesterol, 17% of smoking, and 15% of poor fitness can be attributed to watching television for more than 2 h a day during childhood and adolescence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Television viewing in childhood and adolescence is associated with overweight, poor fitness, smoking, and raised cholesterol in adulthood. Excessive viewing might have long-lasting adverse effects on health.
authors.affiliation: Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin New Zealand. bob.hancox@dmhdru.otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hancox
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: Richie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Poulton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009520:New Zealand; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012907:Smoking; D013690:Television
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol