title: Risk factors for childhood overweight: a prospective study from birth to 9.5 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain risk factors for the development of overweight in children at 9.5 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study of 150 children from birth to 9.5 years of age, with assessment of multiple hypothesized risk factors drawn from research reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five independent risk factors for childhood overweight were found. The strongest was parent overweight, which was mediated by child temperament. The remaining risk factors were low parent concerns about their child's thinness, persistent child tantrums over food, and less sleep time in childhood. Possible mechanisms by which each of these factors influence weight gain are outlined. Two different pathways to childhood overweight/obesity were found, depending on degree of parental overweight.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is evidence of considerable interaction between parent and child characteristics in the development of overweight. Several of the identified risk factors are amenable to intervention possibly leading to the development of early prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5733, USA. sagras@stanford.edu
authors.forename: W Stewart
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Agras
authors.forename: Lawrence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McNicholas
authors.forename: Helena C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kraemer
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000150:complications; D013694:Temperament; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology