title: Neocortical volume decrease in relapsing-remitting MS patients with mild cognitive impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess neocortical changes and their relevance to cognitive impairment in early relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional MR was acquired in 41 patients with RR MS and 16 demographically matched normal control subjects (NCs). An automated analysis tool was used with conventional T1-weighted MRI to obtain measures of cortical brain volumes normalized for head size. Neuropsychological performance of MS patients was assessed using the Rao Brief Repeatable Battery. Relationship between volumetric MR measures and neuropsychological scores was assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neuropsychological assessment allowed for the identification of 18 cognitively preserved (MS-cp) and 23 cognitively impaired (MS-ci) MS patients. The whole MS sample showed lower values of normalized cortical volumes (NCVs) than did the NC group (p = 0.01). Upon grouping of MS patients according to cognitive performance, NCV values were lower (p = 0.02) in MS-ci patients than in both MS-cp patients and NCs. Moreover, there were positive correlations between NCV values and measures of verbal memory (r = 0.51, p = 0.02), verbal fluency (r = 0.51, p = 0.01), and attention/concentration (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) in MS-ci patients. Furthermore, NCV values were decreased in patients who scored lower on a greater number of tests (r = -0.58, p < 0.01) in the MS-ci group. None of the neuropsychological measures correlated to NCV values in the MS-cp patient group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cortical atrophy was found only in cognitively impaired patients and was significantly correlated with a poorer performance on tests of verbal memory, attention/concentration, and verbal fluency. Gray matter pathology may contribute to the development of cognitive impairment in MS from the earliest stages of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni, 85-50134 Florence, Italy. mariapia.amato@unifi.it
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Amato
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bartolozzi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zipoli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Portaccio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mortilla
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guidi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Siracusa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sorbi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Federico
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: De Stefano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology