title: An attenuated immune response is sufficient to enhance cognition in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model immunized with amyloid-beta derivatives.
abstract: Immunization with amyloid-beta (Abeta) 1-42 has been shown to reduce amyloid burden and improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice. In a human trial, possible cognitive benefit was found but in association with significant toxicity in a minority of patients. We proposed that immunization with nonfibrillogenic Abeta derivatives is much less likely to produce toxicity and have previously shown that one such derivative (K6Abeta1-30) can reduce amyloid burden in mice to a similar extent as Abeta1-42. Here, we immunized AD model mice (Tg2576) with Abeta1-30[E18E19] or with K6Abeta1-30[E18E19]. These peptides were designed to be nontoxic and to produce less T-cell response, which has been linked to toxicity. K6Abeta1-30[E18E19] induced primarily an IgM response, whereas Abeta1-30[E18E19] induced an IgG titer that was lower than previously seen with K6Abeta1-30 or Abeta1-42. However, both treated animal groups performed better than Tg controls in the radial arm maze. Amyloid burden was similar in Abeta1-30[E18E19]-vaccinated mice and their Tg controls, whereas the number of medium and small sized plaques was reduced (29-34%) in K6Abeta1-30[E18E19]-immunized mice compared with Tg controls. Amyloid burden in these mice correlated inversely with plasma IgM levels. The cognitive benefit and amyloid reduction in the K6Abeta1-30[E18E19]-vaccinated mice are likely to be related to peripheral clearance of Abeta, because IgM does not cross the blood-brain barrier because of its large size. Our results indicate that these nontoxic Abeta derivatives produce an attenuated antibody response, which is less likely to be associated with negative side effects while having cognitive benefits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA. einar.sigurdsson@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Einar M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Ayodeji
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asuni
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fitzer-Attas
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sage
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quartermain
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goni
authors.forename: Blas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frangione
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
mesh_terms: D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000682:Amyloid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058225:Plaque, Amyloid
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; C493918:Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-amyloid beta (1-30)-amide; C493917:Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-Lys-amyloid beta (1-30)-amide, Glu(18,19)-; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C493919:amyloid beta (1-30)-amide, Glu(18,19)-; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D005620:Freund's Adjuvant