title: Amniotic fluid S100B protein in mid-gestation and intrauterine fetal death.
abstract: Fetal death in the mid-trimester of pregnancy is unexplained and no reliable markers are available to identify at-risk women. We aimed to assess use of alpha fetoprotein and S100B concentrations in amniotic fluid as markers. We did a case-control study in 758 healthy women undergoing amniocentesis at mid-gestation, of whom 12 had a spontaneous intrauterine fetal death before 28 weeks, and 746 matched controls. Concentrations were corrected for gestational age by conversion to multiples of median (MoM) of healthy controls of the same gestational age. Concentrations of S100B, but not alpha fetoprotein, were significantly higher (p<0.0001) in women who later had spontaneous fetal death (median 4.431 MoM [95%CI 3.605-6.197]) than in controls (1.000 MoM [1.062-1.121]). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of S100B as a diagnostic test were 100%, suggesting that measurement of this protein at amniocentesis could be useful to identify at-risk women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics, and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Florio
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michetti
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bruschettini
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lituania
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruschettini
authors.forename: Filiberto M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Severi
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gazzolo
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins