title: Release of choline in the isolated heart, an indicator of ischemic phospholipid degradation and its protection by ischemic preconditioning: no evidence for a role of phospholipase D.
abstract: The release of choline as a water-soluble product of phospholipid hydrolysis was measured in the perfusate of rat hearts to monitor ischemic membrane degradation and its protection by ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Hearts were subjected to global ischemia (GI; 30 min of no-flow) followed by 60 min of reperfusion. To induce IPC, GI was preceded by four no-flow episodes of 5 min each. Deleterious consequences of GI and reperfusion, namely coronary flow reduction, incidence of arrhythmias and release of cardiac troponin T, were significantly attenuated by IPC. The release of choline increased during reperfusion in a biphasic manner: a first phase peaked immediately after GI and was followed by a second, delayed phase indicating choline release caused during reperfusion. Only the second phase was blocked by both IPC and by AACOCF3 (5 microM), an inhibitor of cytosolic phospholipase A2. The activity of phospholipase D (PLD) was unchanged after GI or IPC or GI plus IPC. In conclusion, choline release into heart perfusate was found to be a useful real-time indicator of phospholipid degradation caused by GI and by reperfusion and its protection by IPC. The results supplement previous observations on the accumulation of fatty acids in the phospholipid pool. There was no evidence for PLD activation by GI or IPC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Johannes-Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 67, D-55101 Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brühl
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hafner
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Löffelholz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism*; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000378:metabolism*; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020107:Troponin T / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D020107:Troponin T; C081565:arachidonyltrifluoromethane; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010739:Phospholipase D; D002794:Choline