title: [Insulin resistance physiopathology].
abstract: AMONG THE BIOLOGICAL MEDIATORS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE: two compounds released by the adipocyte are found, such as free fatty acids and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. They are incriminated in the deleterious role of visceral adiposity on the metabolic parameters. INTRA-CELL CORTISOL: Attention is also focused on the potential implication of cortisol in the genesis of metabolic syndrome, because cortisol is a potent antagonist of the effect of insulin and its presence in excess enhances visceral obesity and insulin resistance. GENETIC ASPECTS: Although no major locus has yet been identified, recent findings of several mutations or polymorphisms in genes acting in different regulation systems (adiponectin, PPARgamma2) also provide an interesting insight into the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Moreover, there is growing epidemiological evidence that intra-uterine factors could induce a so-called programming of the individual that may, at least in part, account for the difficulties encountered by the classical genetic approach.
authors.affiliation: Clinique endocrinologique Marc Linquette, Service d'endocrinologie et métabolisme, CHU de Lille. arnaudboulogne@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boulogne
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vantyghem
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin; D001823:Body Composition; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000502:physiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D006854:Hydrocortisone