title: Impact of caveolin-1 expression on clinicopathological parameters in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Caveolin-1 is a major structural component of caveolae, which are plasma membrane microdomains implicated in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways. Previous studies of the expression and function of caveolin-1 in cancer have shown controversial results, indicating that the physiological role of caveolin-1 varies according to cancer type. We evaluated caveolin-1 expression in renal cell carcinoma and investigated its association with pathological features and clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Caveolin-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using rabbit polyclonal antibody against caveolin-1 in 60 paraffin embedded primary renal cell carcinoma specimens and 6 metastatic renal cell carcinoma specimens. When more than 50% of all cancer cell cytoplasm stained, the tumor was considered caveolin-1 positive. Associations between caveolin-1 expression, and pathological features and clinical outcomes were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 60 primary tumors 16 (26.7%) and 5 of 6 metastatic tumors (83.3%) were immunoreactive in more than 50% of cancer cells and considered caveolin-1 positive. Although no significant associations between caveolin-1 expression, pathological stage (T stage) and distant metastasis at initial presentation were observed, significant associations between positive caveolin-1 expression and high grade tumor (p = 0.0009) and regional lymph node metastasis at initial presentation (p = 0.0049) and venous invasion (p = 0.0195) were observed. There was no difference in cancer specific survival between caveolin-1 positive and negative groups. However, in 43 patients without metastasis to regional lymph nodes or a distant site at initial presentation (N0M0) the caveolin-1 positive group had significantly shorter progression-free survival than the caveolin-1 negative group (p = 0.0332).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Caveolin-1 over expression could be a common finding in aggressive forms of renal cell carcinoma. Caveolin-1 might have an important role in the invasion and metastatic progression of renal cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa-City, Saitama, Japan. impreza@cb3.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Asakuma
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sumitomo
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis
chemical_list: C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins