title: Prognostic value of health status in patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disease-specific health status instruments such as the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) can quantify symptoms, functional limitations, and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Understanding the relationship between KCCQ scores and prognosis may assist clinicians in both interpreting KCCQ scores and stratifying risk in patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined the prognostic value of the KCCQ in a prospective, international cohort of 1516 patients with heart failure after a recent acute myocardial infarction. We focused on the relationship between the KCCQ overall score (KCCQ-os), measured at the first outpatient visit (4 weeks after enrollment), and subsequent 1-year cardiovascular mortality or hospitalization (n=258, 20.3%). KCCQ-os was strongly associated with subsequent cardiovascular events in that those with a score > or =75 had an 84% 1-year event-free survival compared with 59% for those with a score <25 (P<0.001). After demographic and other clinical characteristics were controlled for in multivariable models, KCCQ-os remained strongly associated with outcome (hazard ratio, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.27 for KCCQ-os <25; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In outpatients with heart failure complicating an acute myocardial infarction, KCCQ-os is strongly associated with subsequent 1-year cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization. Use of the KCCQ in outpatient clinical practice can both quantify patients' health status and provide insight into their prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo, USA.
authors.forename: Gabriel E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Harlan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spertus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000569:Americas / Q000453:epidemiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D000077545:Eplerenone; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D013148:Spironolactone; D000077545:Eplerenone