title: Vesicouterine fistula in pregnancy: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vesicouterine fistula is a rare complication of Caesarean delivery. This is the third known report of vesicouterine fistula diagnosed during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linda (pseudonym), a 28-year-old woman in her second pregnancy, having had a Caesarean delivery in her first pregnancy, was admitted to the delivery unit with possible preterm ruptured membranes at 23 weeks' gestation. She also complained of a fluid-filled sac bulging from her introitus during her admission assessment. Diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes was confirmed by a positive nitrazine paper test and appearance of ferning during microscopic evaluation of vaginal fluid. Cystoscopy, performed 3 days after admission, demonstrated ballooning of amnion into the bladder. At 24 weeks' gestation, the woman had a precipitous vaginal breech delivery. Two months later, the fistula was successfully repaired through a transabdominal route.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although uncommon in pregnancy, vesicouterine fistula should be considered in women who present with urinary incontinence or recurrent urinary tract infections after a lower transverse Caesarean section. Evaluation in pregnancy is usually limited to cystoscopy. Treatment is usually surgical and is often delayed until 2 to 3 months following delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS.
authors.forename: Sari
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kives
authors.forename: Marie-France
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Delisle
authors.forename: G W Erle
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001747:Urinary Bladder Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016064:Vaginal Birth after Cesarean