Permanent gentamicin vestibulotoxicity.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the natural history of permanent gentamicin vestibulotoxicity.


METHODS
Retrospective; comparison of retrospective and prospective studies.


METHODS
Tertiary neurotology clinic. Clinical research and technology center.


METHODS
Thirty-three subjects with permanent gentamicin-induced vestibulotoxicity.


METHODS
Medical records review, neurotologic examination, and vestibular and auditory function tests.


METHODS
Vestibular and auditory function test results at least 1 year after discontinuation of gentamicin, clinical examination results, serum gentamicin levels, and serum creatinine levels.


RESULTS
Thirty-three subjects had vestibular function test results consistent with permanent gentamicin ototoxicity. All complained of dysequilibrium, 32 described oscillopsia, and 23 had tinnitus. All 33 subjects had complained of symptoms consistent with ototoxicity within 1 to 3 weeks of initiation of gentamicin therapy; however, gentamicin vestibulotoxicity was not recognized before hospital discharge in 32 of 33 subjects. Serum peak and trough gentamicin levels did not correlate with the development of vestibulotoxicity, nor did observance of recommended "safe" dosage ranges. Of 17 subjects whose serum creatinine levels were recorded, 6 experienced abnormal elevations in serum creatinine in conjunction with gentamicin use.


CONCLUSIONS
Gentamicin can cause permanent vestibular and auditory ototoxicity. There is no safe dose of gentamicin. Serum gentamicin levels are of no value in predicting the onset, occurrence, or severity of vestibulotoxicity or cochleotoxicity. Termination of gentamicin on appearance of signs or symptoms of ototoxicity may reduce the incidence of permanent vestibular ototoxicity. When possible, other antibiotics should be administered.
Black
F Owen
FO
Legacy Clinical Research and Technology Center, Department of Neurotology Research, Portland, Oregon 97208-3950, USA. fob@lhs.org
Pesznecker
Susan
S
Stallings
Valerie
V
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004584:Electronystagmography; D005260:Female; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects; D006320:Hearing Tests; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012027:Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular / Q000187:drug effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014724:Vestibular Function Tests; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000187:drug effects*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D003404:Creatinine