title: Medical care expenditures and earnings losses of persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States in 1997: total and incremental estimates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide estimates of the total medical care expenditures and earnings losses associated with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions (AORC), as well as the increment in such costs specifically attributable to these conditions, in the US in 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  The estimates were derived from the 1997 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS), a national probability sample of 14,147 households including 34,551 persons, of whom 4,776 self-reported arthritis. After weighting, those who self-reported AORC represent 38.4 million persons. We tabulated all medical care expenditures of the adult MEPS respondents, stratified by arthritis and comorbidity status, and then used regression techniques to estimate the increment in health care expenditures attributable to AORC, after taking comorbidity, demographic characteristics, and insurance status into account. Using the same methods, we also estimated the magnitude of the earnings losses sustained by persons of working ages (18-64 years) who had AORC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persons with AORC incurred mean total medical care expenditures of 4,865 dollars (total 186.9 billion dollars). The largest components of these expenditures were inpatient care (39%), ambulatory care (29%), and prescriptions (14%). The mean increment in medical care expenditures specifically attributable to AORC among those ages 18 years and older was 1,391 dollars(total approximately 51.1 billion dollars). Persons with AORC ages 18-64 years earned 3,812 dollars less on average than did other persons of these ages (total 82.4 billion dollars). Of this average, 1,579 dollars was attributable to the AORC (total 35.1 billion dollars).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 1997, persons with AORC incurred direct and indirect costs of 269.3 billion dollars, of which 86.2 billion dollars was attributable to these conditions.
authors.affiliation: Rosalind Russell Medical Research Center for Arthritis, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0920, USA. yelin2@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yelin
authors.forename: Miriam G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cisternas
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pasta
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trupin
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Charles G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Helmick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics; D001168:Arthritis / Q000191:economics*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003710:Demography; D016527:Drug Costs; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000191:economics; D004651:Employment; D017048:Health Care Costs; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008875:Middle Aged; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States