title: Auricular reconstruction: an update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  One of the greatest challenges in facial plastic surgery is total auricular reconstruction. The ability to construct a fully satisfactory complete external ear has for centuries been an elusive goal. With advancing standards and expectations in plastic surgery, greater focus is being directed to this arena of reconstruction as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With advances both in surgical technique and biotechnology, an expanding range of options is available to the reconstructive surgeon who is willing to take on this still formidable task. While progress continues to be made in the detailing of costal cartilage grafts and soft-tissue rearrangement, it is also being made with the use of alloplastic implants and prostheses. The most promising field of advances, with the hope of eventual clinical utility, lies in the realm of bioengineering with cultured cartilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Review of the literature over the past year reveals several reports describing advances made in the development of cultured chondrocytes with attempts to direct special shape to the manufactured neocartilage. Though advances continue to be made, actual clinical applicability of this technology is still insufficient while expectation continues that this will eventually become integral to total auricular reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000637:transplantation; D004431:Ear, External / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016348:Osseointegration; D020959:Polyethylene; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000523:psychology / Q000592:standards; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D012272:Ribs / Q000637:transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020959:Polyethylene