title: [Detection of human telomerase reverse transcriptase mRNA of cells in pleural fluid by two-step in situ hybridization using digoxin-labeled oligonucleotide probes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish an method for detecting human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA of cells in pleural fluid by in situ hybridization (ISH), and to evaluate preliminarily the efficacy of this new method in recognizing neoplastic cells in the pleural fluid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fresh pleural fluid specimens were collected in 23 patients with pleural effusions and cell smears were prepared and after pretreatment, ISH between hTERT mRNA of the cells and digoxin-labelled oligonucleotide probes was performed. The signals of hTERT mRNA were detected by the sequential treatment with antigen, antibody, enzyme, and staining. With strict negative and positive controls, the experimental study was performed independent of clinical diagnosis and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive results were seen in 9 cases of malignant pleural effusions, where dark staining of the cytoplasm and a few stained spots in the cell nuclei could be observed microscopically irrespective of the cytomorphological findings. Seven of the 9 cases had positive results of cytomorphological examination, in which neoplasmic cell with obvious morphological abnormalities were also spotted. In the other 2 cases where cytomorphological findings were negative but pleural biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions, cytoplasm dark staining with stained spots in the cell nuclei were seen under microscope in spite of the absence of obvious abnormality in cell morphology. In contrast, the 14 cases with benign pleural effusions all had negative results, in which neither staining of the cells was identified microscopically, nor was evidently abnormal cell morphology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a new method of clinical cytopathology, detection of hTERT mRNA of cells in the pleural fluid by ISH may provide a new means for cytomorphological examination for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant pleural effusions and for classification of the identified tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China. junshu@126.com
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Geng-yun
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Ai-ping
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004077:Digoxin; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000166:cytology / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004077:Digoxin; D019098:Telomerase