title: Self-reported Morisky score for identifying nonadherence with cardiovascular medications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Morisky medication adherence scale is a commonly used adherence screening tool. It is composed of 4 yes/no questions about past medication use patterns and is thus quick and simple to use during drug history interviews.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of the self-reported Morisky score as a screening tool for identifying patients who have been nonadherent with chronic cardiovascular medications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had taken an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or lipid-lowering agent for at least 3 consecutive months were interviewed using a structured questionnaire including the Morisky scale. Nonadherence was defined as taking < 80% of chronic cardiovascular medications based on prescription refill data over the previous 14 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine of 377 (13%) patients were categorized as nonadherent; however, only 12 (3%) patients had Morisky scores suggesting a high likelihood of nonadherence (3 or 4). While the Morisky score was a significant independent predictor of nonadherence by multivariate analysis, there was no threshold score or individual question that yielded concurrent high sensitivity and positive predictive values (PPVs) for identifying nonadherent patients. The internal consistency of the questions was low (alpha 0.32), as were item-to-total score correlations, suggesting that the individual questions were not measuring the same attribute.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the Morisky scale to identify patients who have been nonadherent with chronic cardiovascular medications may be reasonable in some settings; however, the threshold score would have to be chosen based on a trade-off between sensitivity and PPV. These results were likely influenced by the low rate of nonadherence in this cohort. Rewording the questions, increasing the number of questions, and the use of graded response options may improve consistency.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacy Department, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. sshalansky@providencehealth.bc.ca
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shalansky
authors.forename: Adrian R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ignaszewski
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents