title: The efficacy of a fluoride chewing gum on salivary fluoride concentration and plaque pH in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was therefore to study the influence of different chewing times on the salivary F concentration and on the recovery of plaque pH directly after a sucrose rinse on both the chewing and the non-chewing side.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this purpose, one piece of sugar free chewing gum was chewed to 10 healthy subjects (aged 8-10 years, 5 male and 5 female children). Subjects refrained from toothbrushing for 3 days. On the fourth day, they rinsed for 1 min with 10 microl of a 10% sucrose solutions. After 8 min, chewing gum was given and started to chew for either 5, 10, 20, 30, 45 min or control (sucrose rinse). Thus, altogether six test sessions were repeated at one week intervals. Measurements of F concentration in saliva and pH of approximal plaque were carried out at two contralateral sites for up to 60 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher salivary F concentrations were found on the chewing side than on the non-chewing side (expressed as) (p<0.05). But, the difference between the chewing and the non-chewing side was not obvious for the plaque pH (expressed as AUC) (p>0.05). Therefore, this study showed that: (1) the F concentrations in saliva after chewing a F containing chewing gum had only small numerical differences among the various chewing times, with the exception for 5 min. All chewing time periods showed statistically significant differences between chewing and non-chewing side. (2) The prolonged chewing time increased the plaque pH recovery after a sucrose rinse (p<0.05) but there was no statistically significant difference on both of the chewing and non-chewing side (p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicated that a prolonged chewing time was favorable to the plaque pH recovery after a sucrose rinse and, to a certain extent, to the salivary fluoride concentration. Also it was shown that the F concentration in saliva was strongly dependent on which side the subject chewed on.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Gazi University, Biskek cad 82, Ankara 06510, Turkey. nurhanoz@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: Nurhan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oztaş
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bodur
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olmez
authors.forename: Aysel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berkkan
authors.forename: Serpil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cula
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002638:Chewing Gum; D002648:Child; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D002638:Chewing Gum; D005459:Fluorides