title: N-methylethanolamine attenuates cardiac fibrosis and improves diastolic function: inhibition of phospholipase D as a possible mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ventricular fibrosis is promoted by many effectors that chronically activate phospholipase D (PLD), and induces cardiac dysfunction and heart failure in cardiovascular diseases. Since ethanolamine is a product of PLD, we hypothesised that an administration of an analogue of ethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine (MEA), decreases PLD activity through a negative feedback mechanism, suppresses collagen accumulation, and thus prevents organ dysfunction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In human fibroblasts 1-butanol inhibited collagen synthesis and enhanced collagenase production, but iso-butanol did not. These indicate crucial roles of PLD in collagen synthesis and degradation. In fibroblasts, MEA dose-dependently decreased PLD activity, inhibited collagen synthesis and enhanced collagenase production. In a hypertensive heart failure model using Dahl-Iwai salt-sensitive rats, PLD activity increased with progressive ventricular fibrosis, leading to myocardial stiffening and overt heart failure. Long-term administration of MEA did not significantly decrease blood pressure, however, but decreased PLD activity and collagen content with inhibited gene expression of collagens, leading to the prevention of myocardial stiffening and haemodynamic deterioration. MEA also attenuated ventricular hypertrophy, another detrimental structural alteration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MEA may exert therapeutic effects on cardiac disorders due to ventricular fibrosis through suppression of PLD activity and modulation of the fibrosis pathway even without relief from mechanical stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics,Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan. kazuhiro@medone.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mano
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Nagahiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masuyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003094:Collagen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017364:Collagenases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010739:Phospholipase D / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D020303:Rats, Inbred Dahl; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004983:Ethanolamines; D003094:Collagen; D010739:Phospholipase D; D017364:Collagenases; C017500:N-methylaminoethanol