title: Prolonged ureteral stenting in obstruction after renal transplantation: long-term results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Renal transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage renal disease. Ureteral stenosis is the most frequent urologic complication. We report our long-term follow-up results concerning endourologic treatment of ureteral obstruction after renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 1997 and September 2000, 15 patients with renal transplant obstructive uropathy were managed with percutaneous nephrostomy and prolonged ureteral stenting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percutaneous nephrostomies were performed successfully in all 15 kidneys. In 13 patients, antegrade ureteral stenting was attempted, which was successful in 11 patients (85%). After prolonged ureteral stenting (mean duration 15 months), the stent was removed in all patients, 90% of whom had no recurrence. During follow-up (36 to 71 months; mean 51), urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium determinations and ultrasound scans were performed. Success was defined as a reduction in hydronephrosis. No major complications were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modern endourologic procedures have replaced open reconstructive surgery in most patients with ureteral obstruction after renal transplantation, because they may offer a definitive treatment with low morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Laiko Hospital, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Stravodimos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adamakis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leonardou
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zavos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Constantinides
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kostakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giannopoulos
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D015607:Stents; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology