title: Adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer: effects of longer follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent and large trials of adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer have shown an overall survival benefit in favour of radiotherapy. However, with longer follow-up the late lethal toxicity of radiotherapy might reduce the overall survival benefits. In this paper we investigate more deeply this hypothesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Overviews of the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group provide uniform data on more than 50 unconfounded trials on adjuvant radiotherapy for early breast cancer. These data were published at regular intervals: 1987, 1990, 1995, and 2000. The odds ratios (death of any cause) were borrowed to compare the benefits of adjuvant radiotherapy between the early publications and the more mature data of the same trials. Statistical significance is calculated following logrank statistics. The comparison of odds ratios (radiotherapy versus surgery only) was done for the whole group of trials, for the older (patients accrual started in 1970 or earlier) and the more recent trials (patient accrual started after 1970), and for the large (>or=600 patients) and the small trials (<600 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparison of early with more mature data reveals that the odds ratios for overall survival remain stable as data become more mature. The analyses of trials' age and trials' size, as predictors of overall survival benefit, indicate that these factors become statistically more significant with increasing maturity of the trials. In the large recent trials an overall survival benefit due to radiotherapy (odds reduction) of 10, 10, 12 and 13%, respectively P<0.3, 0.2, 0.005 and 0.00005 is found in the successive publications. The difference in survival benefit of radiotherapy between the group of large recent trials and group of old or small trials becomes more significant at the successive updates: 10 via 9% and 12 to 13% (odds reductions), with respectively P=0.2, 0.2, 0.004 and 0.00005.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the hypothesis that the survival benefit in the recent trials is an inherent characteristic of the recent and large trials, not influenced by follow-up duration. The effect of radiotherapy as performed in the large recent trials is clinically and statistically significantly different from the effect of radiotherapy in the old or small trials. As a consequence, predictions based on pooled data including old radiotherapy trials should not be extrapolated to modern radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Oncology Centre, Academic Hospital-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van de Steene
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vinh-Hung
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cutuli
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Storme
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018401:Sample Size; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome