title: Effects of degree of enzymatic interesterification on the physical properties of margarine fats: solid fat content, crystallization behavior, crystal morphology, and crystal network.
abstract: In this study enzymatic-interesterified margarine fats with different conversion degrees were produced in a packed-bed reactor. The effects of conversion degree on the formation of free fatty acids and diacyglycerols, solid fat content, crystallization behavior, microstructure, and crystal network were investigated, and the enzymatically interesterified products were compared with a chemically interesterified product. Formation of free fatty acids and diacyglycerols increased slightly with increasing conversion degree. The solid fat content was higher at 10 and 20 degrees C and lower at 30, 35, and 40 degrees C with increasing conversion degree. Increased conversion degree from the blend to products, measured by X-ray with addition of 50% of rapeseed oil for dilution, caused the content of beta to decrease from 100% to 33%, and 30% and eventually to pure beta' crystal. However, double chain packing was observed for both the blend and products. Isothermal crystallization kinetics was characterized by the Fisher-Turnbull model. The highest free energy was observed for the blend. A small deformation with oscillation tests shows a significant difference between the blend and interesterified products. The differences of microstructure between the blend, different conversion degree, and chemical randomized product were observed.
authors.affiliation: Novozymes A/S, Smørmosevej 11, Building 6B, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd, Denmark. hz@novozymes.com
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adler-Nissen
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003460:Crystallization; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000737:chemistry; D004951:Esterification; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000737:chemistry; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008383:Margarine / Q000032:analysis*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D008055:Lipids; D008383:Margarine