title: [Long-term hemodynamic compromise in internal carotid artery dissection: quantitative blood volume flow evaluation using 2D Cine phase-contrast MR imaging].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use the magnetic resonance (MR) phase-contrast technique as a non-invasive method to determine blood volume flow in internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection, which has variable initial volume flow reduction and long term hemodynamic compromise. ICA dissection can lead to partial or complete recanalization or persistent occlusion, and strong clinical motivation exists for reliable assessment of the blood flow, in particular blood volume flow, in the carotid artery circulation after ICA dissection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood volume flow in the carotid artery circulation was quantified in 28 patients with unilateral ICA dissection and 20 age-matched normal controls. Blood volume flow was measured in the ICAs and the common carotid arteries (CCAs) using 2D cine phase-contrast MR imaging. Final measurements were performed until after at least 6 months the hemodynamic compromise showed no changes by ultrasound and MRA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In long term follow up, 11/28 patients demonstrated remaining vessel occlusion, 10/28 partial and 7/28 complete recanalizations. Patients with ICA occlusion showed a significant contralateral volume flow increase (mean 56 %, p < 0.001) in comparison to normal controls. Patients with partial recanalization demonstrated volume flow rates between 24 ml/min and 188 ml/min in the dissected ICA and a less but significant (p < 0.001) increase in the contralateral volume flow. In patients with complete recanalization, normal volume flow conditions were found for both ICAs and CCAs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ICA dissection, quantitative volume flow determination using 2D cine phase-contrast MR imaging is helpful in the initial assessment and long term follow-up of hemodynamic compromise. ICA dissection demonstrated a partial or complete recanalization in nearly (2/3) of the investigated patients and a persisting vessel occlusion in little more than (1/3). Compensatory contralateral increase in volume flow was found.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg. wolfgang.neff@rad.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Neff
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Motsch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steinke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Düber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors