title: A chloroplast-localized vesicular transport system: a bio-informatics approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The thylakoid membrane of higher plant chloroplasts is made of membrane lipids synthesized in the chloroplast envelope. As the inner envelope membrane and the thylakoid are separated by the aqueous stroma, a system for transporting newly synthesized lipids from the inner envelope membrane to the thylakoid is required. Ultrastructural as well as biochemical studies have indicated that lipid transport inside the chloroplast could be mediated by a system similar in characteristics to vesicular trafficking in the cytosol. If indeed the chloroplast system is related to cytosolic vesicular trafficking systems, a certain degree of sequence conservation between components of the chloroplast and the cytosolic systems could be expected. We used the Arabidopsis thaliana genome and web-based subcellular localization prediction tools to search for chloroplast-localized homologues of cytosolic vesicular trafficking components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 28952 hypothetical proteins in the A. thaliana genome sequence, 1947 were predicted to be chloroplast-localized by two different subcellular localization predictors. In this chloroplast protein dataset, strong homologues for the main coat proteins of COPII coated cytosolic vesicles were found. Homologues of the small GTPases ARF1 and Sar1 were also found in the chloroplast protein dataset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our database search approach gives further support to that a system similar to cytosolic vesicular trafficking is operational inside the chloroplast. However, solid biochemical data is needed to support the chloroplast localization of the identified proteins as well as their involvement in intra-chloroplast lipid trafficking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. mats.andersson@botany.gu.se
authors.forename: Mats X
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Anna Stina
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Sandelius
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D022181:COP-Coated Vesicles / Q000737:chemistry; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D040901:Proteomics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D020524:Thylakoids / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases