title: Increased frequency of bacterial vaginosis and Chlamydia trachomatis in pregnant women with human papillomavirus infection.
abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV), Candida sp, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, to determine the prevalence of tobacco use and measure vaginal pH (VpH) in pregnant women with (n = 26) and without (n = 26) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and make comparisons between these 2 groups. HPV, C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were diagnosed using hybrid capture, BV using clinical criteria, and Candida sp via cultures. A digital pH meter was used to measure VpH. The frequencies of Candida sp were 19.2 and 23.1% (p = 1), and VpH was 4.4 +/- 0.4 and 4.3 +/- 0.4 (p = 0.23), in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups, respectively. Compared to the group of pregnant women without HPV infection, those with HPV infection had a significantly higher prevalence of tobacco use (50 vs. 11.5%; p = 0.006), BV (53.8 vs. 15.4%; p = 0.007), and C. trachomatis (34.6 vs. 7.7%; p = 0.039). No case of N. gonorrhoeae was diagnosed. All cases of C. trachomatis and BV had high-grade HPV infection.
authors.affiliation: Discipline of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro, Av. Getúlio Guaritá s/n, Bairro Abadia, 38025-440 Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Cléber Sérgio
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Sheila Jorge
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Adad
authors.forename: Maria Azniv
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hazarabedian de Souza
authors.forename: Ana Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Macêdo Barcelos
authors.forename: Ana Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sarreta Terra
authors.forename: Eddie Fernando Candido
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Murta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014621:Vagina / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*