title: Remifentanil/midazolam versus tramadol/midazolam use for colonoscopy.
abstract: One of the most commonly performed outpatient procedure is colonoscopy. The pain and anxiety is frequently associated with colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of remifentanil/midazolam, and tramadol/midazolam for iv sedation and analgesia during colonoscopy. Twentysix patients (age range 18-65 years) scheduled for ambulatory colonoscopy were included to study. All patients received midazolam 1 mg intravenous. After two minutes in Group R (remifentanil/midazolam, n=18) remifentanil bolus (10 microg) and infusion 0.03 microg kg(-1) min(-1) were administered until adequate sedation level was achieved. In Group T (tramadol/midazolam, n=18) iv tramadol 50 mg was given concurrently. During procedure 2 L/min oxygen was supplemented via face mask to all patients. Haemodynamic variables, respiratory depression, level of sedation, postoperative recovery, patient and gastroenterologist satisfaction were surveyed. Patients were asked to verbally rate their level of pain, on an 10-point numerical rating scale (1=no pain, 10=severe pain). Chi-square, student t test, and mann whitney U test were used for statistical analysis. Colonoscopy was carried out successfully in all patients. There were no episodes of desaturation or airway compromise. Haemodynamic parameters were similar in both groups. Sistolic arterial and diastolic arterial pressures were increased at 10 and 15 minutes in all patients (P<0.05). There were no significant changes in heart rate in both groups. The level of sedation in group R was higher than group T during colonoscopy. The patients in group T had higher pain scores. Gastroenterologist satisfaction and patient satisfaction were similar in both groups. Our results suggests that, sedoanalgesia with midazolam/remifentanil may be an alternative to sedoanalgesia with midazolam/tramadol for colonoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Gulbin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arici
authors.forename: Nurten
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kayacan
authors.forename: Dinc
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dincer
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karsli
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akce
authors.forename: Nihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cete
authors.forename: Meliha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077208:Remifentanil; D014147:Tramadol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010880:Piperidines; D014147:Tramadol; D000077208:Remifentanil; D008874:Midazolam