title: Apoptosome inactivation rescues proneural and neural cells from neurodegeneration.
abstract: Deficiency of the apoptosome component Apaf1 leads to accumulation of supernumerary brain cells in mouse embryos. We observed that neural precursor cells (NPCs) in Apaf1(-/-) embryos escape programmed cell death, proliferate and retain their potential to differentiate. To evaluate the circumstances of Apaf1(-/-) NPC survival and investigate their fate under neurodegenerative conditions, we established cell lines of embryonic origin (ETNA). We found that Apaf1(-/-) NPCs resist common apoptotic stimuli and neurodegenerative inducers such as amyloid-beta peptide (typical of Alzheimer's disease) and mutant G93A superoxide dismutase 1 (typical of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Similar results were obtained in Apaf1(-/-) primary cells. When death is prevented by Apaf1 deficiency, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria and rapidly degraded by the proteasome, but mitochondria remain intact. Under these conditions, neither activation by cleavage of initiator caspases nor release of alternative apoptotic inducers from mitochondria takes place. In addition, NPCs can still differentiate, as revealed by neurite outgrowth and expression of differentiation markers. Our findings imply that the mitochondrion/apoptosome pathway is the main route of proneural and neural cells to death and that its inhibition prevents them from dismantling in neurodegenerative conditions. Indeed, the ETNA cell model is ideally suited for exploring the potential of novel cell therapies for the treatment of human neurodegenerations.
authors.affiliation: Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cozzolino
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferraro
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rigamonti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quondamatteo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rotilio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Carrì
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cecconi
mesh_terms: D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009410:Nerve Degeneration; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: C506592:APAF1 protein, human; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; C506593:Apaf1 protein, mouse; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011506:Proteins; C075222:amyloid beta-protein (1-42); D020169:Caspases; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine