title: Frame-shifted amyloid precursor protein found in Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome increases levels of secreted amyloid beta40.
abstract: Frame-shifted amyloid precursor protein (APP(+1)), which has a truncated out-of-frame C-terminus, accumulates in the neuropathological hallmarks of patients with Alzheimer's disease pathology. To study a possible involvement of APP(+1) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, we expressed APP695 and APP(+1) in the HEK293 cell-line and studied whether the processing of APP695 was affected. APP(+1) is a secretory protein, but high expression of APP695 and APP(+1) results in the formation of intracellular aggregate-like structures containing both proteins and Fe65, an adaptor protein that interacts with APP695. APP(+1) is shown to interact with APP695, suggesting that these structures consist of functional protein complexes. Such an interaction can also be anticipated in post-mortem brains of young Down's syndrome patients without any sign of neuropathology. Here we observed APP(+1) immunoreactivity in beaded fibres. Additional support for functional consequences on the processing of APP695 comes from a 1.4-fold increase in levels of secreted amyloid beta40 in cells co-expressing APP695 and APP(+1), although APP(+1) itself does not contain the amyloid beta sequence. Taken together, these data show that co-expression of APP695 and APP(+1) affects the processing of APP695 in a pro-amyloidogenic way and this could gradually contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathology, as has been implicated in Down's syndrome patients.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School for Neurosciences Amsterdam, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sluijs
authors.forename: M A F
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sonnemans
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hobo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mercken
authors.forename: D M A
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hol
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C091042:APBB1 protein, human; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C078592:amyloid beta-protein (1-40)