title: Autecology of the tailed jay butterfly Graphium agamemnon (Lepidoptera : Rhopalocera : Papilionidae).
abstract: The Tailed Jay Graphium agamemnon is one of the attractive papilionid butterflies that enliven the environment of Visakhapatnam. It occurs throughout the year. It lays eggs singly on young leaves of the mast tree Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula (Annonaceae). The eggs take 3-4 days to hatch. The larvae go through 5 instars over a period of 15-16 days. The pupal period is 13-14 days. The total period from egg to adult emergence spans over 33-36 days. Based on this short life cycle, and larval and pupal development success studied every month, this butterfly can be multivoltine with a minimum of 7-8 broods in a year. Both CI and GR decreased with the age of larva, their average figures being 3.78 and 0.43 respectively. AD values are high (average 92%) and decreased through successive instars. Both ECD and ECI followed a similar pattern with an increase from instar I up to II, then a decrease up to IV and again an increase in instar V and the highest value is with fifth instar. Adults frequently visited flowers (12-35 flowers in a min) spending 1.0 to 3.2 seconds on a flower. The nectar concentration ranged between 16 and 58%. Peak foraging activity mostly fell between 0900-1000 h. The proboscis received pollen in most of the floral species visited, thus satisfying one of the characteristics of butterfly pollination. Being a fast and strong flier it is treated as "high energy" pollinator promoting cross-pollination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530 003, India.
authors.forename: S P Venkata
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Ramana
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Atluri
authors.forename: C Subba
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Reddi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002080:Butterflies / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D035264:Flowers; D007194:India; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D010063:Ovum / Q000254:growth & development; D011058:Pollen; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012098:Reproduction