title: Ibutilide-induced alterations in electrocardiographic and spatial vectorcardiographic descriptors of ventricular repolarization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ibutilide is used for the pharmacologic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF) or flutter (AFl). Ibutilide-induced QT interval prolongation has been demonstrated previously. However, its effects on vectorcardiographic (VCG) descriptors of ventricular repolarization (VR) have not been studied so far.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of ibutilide on electrocardiographic (ECG) and VCG descriptors of VR, one or two repeated 10-min infusions of 1 mg of ibutilide were given in 50 consecutively recruited patients (36 women, mean age 69.4 +/- 9.3 years) with AF or AFl of recent onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  The maximum and the minimum QT intervals, QT dispersion, the rate-corrected QT maximum, and the spatial VCG descriptors, spatial T amplitude, and spatial QRS-T angle were calculated before (baseline ECG) and 30 min after the start of ibutilide infusion (postinfusion ECG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After ibutilide infusion, 40 (80%) patients were cardioverted to sinus rhythm (Group 1), while in the remaining 10 (Group 2) AF or AFl persisted. In both study groups, temporal measures of VR were significantly increased from baseline to the postinfusion ECG. In Group 1, spatial T amplitude and spatial QRS-T angle did not differ between those two ECGs, while in Group 2 spatial T amplitude was significantly increased (p = 0.005) and spatial QRS-T angle was significantly decreased (p = 0.002) post infusion compared with baseline ECG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While temporal measures of VR are significantly affected in all patients who receive ibutilide infusion for AF or AFl cardioversion, spatial VCG descriptors of VR are significantly altered only in those patients who fail to respond to the drug. A dose-related effect of ibutilide on the different aspects of VR should be suspected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pammakaristos Hospital, Athens, Greece. hrodil@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Polychronis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dilaveris
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theoharis
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giaouris
authors.forename: Aristides
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anastasopoulos
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zumerle
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tzannetis
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001146:Arrhythmia, Sinus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014672:Vectorcardiography
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; C067192:ibutilide