title: Genome sequence of the enterobacterial phytopathogen Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and characterization of virulence factors.
abstract: The bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae is notable for its well studied human pathogens, including Salmonella, Yersinia, Shigella, and Escherichia spp. However, it also contains several plant pathogens. We report the genome sequence of a plant pathogenic enterobacterium, Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca) strain SCRI1043, the causative agent of soft rot and blackleg potato diseases. Approximately 33% of Eca genes are not shared with sequenced enterobacterial human pathogens, including some predicted to facilitate unexpected metabolic traits, such as nitrogen fixation and opine catabolism. This proportion of genes also contains an overrepresentation of pathogenicity determinants, including possible horizontally acquired gene clusters for putative type IV secretion and polyketide phytotoxin synthesis. To investigate whether these gene clusters play a role in the disease process, an arrayed set of insertional mutants was generated, and mutations were identified. Plant bioassays showed that these mutants were significantly reduced in virulence, demonstrating both the presence of novel pathogenicity determinants in Eca, and the impact of functional genomics in expanding our understanding of phytopathogenicity in the Enterobacteriaceae.
authors.affiliation: The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebaihia
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authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: M T G
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hyman
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Holeva
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: L J C
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Churcher
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authors.lastname: Mungall
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authors.lastname: Atkin
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authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bason
authors.forename: K
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authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chillingworth
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authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doggett
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hance
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jagels
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moule
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Norbertczak
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ormond
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Quail
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: G P C
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Salmond
authors.forename: P R J
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Birch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parkhill
authors.forename: I K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Toth
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D017931:DNA Primers; D004777:Environment; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016973:Pectobacterium carotovorum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers