title: Distribution of metal-free sulfonated phthalocyanine in subcutaneously transplanted murine tumors.
abstract: Metal-free sulfonated phthalocyanine with the average number of sulfonate groups per molecule 2.4 (H(2)PcS(2.4)) was recently proved to be an efficient photosensitizer for the photodynamic therapy. Fluorescence spectral imaging microscopy was applied here to study localization and relative concentration of H(2)PcS(2.4) with micron-scale resolution in subcutaneously transplanted murine tumors: Ehrlich mammary gland carcinoma (EC), Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), P388 lymphoid leukemia (P388) and B16 melanoma (B16). The study of cryogenic tissue sections prepared 24 h after H(2)PcS(2.4) intravenous injection revealed that H(2)PcS(2.4) was present in all tissue structures in the monomeric photoactive state. The preferential accumulation of H(2)PcS(2.4) was documented in tumor cells and adjacent non-tumor tissues (skin structures, fatty tissue, connective tissue enriched in fibrous component and infiltrated with fibroblasts and macrophages) for all the studied tumor models. P388 and B16 were stained with H(2)PcS(2.4) less than adjacent skin structures, whereas EC and LLC accumulated H(2)PcS(2.4) alike or higher than particular skin structures. Staining of EC and LLC was similar and ca. 1.4 and 2 times higher than that of B16 and P388, respectively, thus revealing the differences in ability of particular tumor strains to H(2)PcS(2.4) accumulation. The H(2)PcS(2.4) concentration in remote healthy tissues (skin, muscles and connective tissue) was 2-3 times lower as compared with the analogous tissue structures from the tumor area, whereas subcutaneous fatty tissue staining did not depend on the tissue-to-tumor distance. The tissue distribution of H(2)PcS(2.4) predefines the combined action of two photodynamic damage mechanisms: eradication of tumor due to the direct tumor cell destruction and suppression of tumor growth due to the injury of growth supporting system.
authors.affiliation: Hertsen Moscow Oncological Institute, 2nd Botkinskiy pr., 3, Moscow 125284, Russia.
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Karmakova
authors.forename: Alexei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feofanov
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nazarova
authors.forename: Alexei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grichine
authors.forename: Raisa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yakubovskaya
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luk'yanets
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Maurizot
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vigny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007211:Indoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D054833:Isoindoles; D007945:Leukemia, Lymphoid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D008670:Metals; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D008670:Metals; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C013647:phthalocyanine