title: Ectopic Cushing's syndrome caused by an esthesioneuroblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of florid Cushing's hormone (ACTH) secretion related to the presence of an esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB).
  
  
  METHODS
  We present clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings in a 36-year-old Caucasian man presenting with Cushing's syndrome. Results of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy are presented, along with tumor pathology findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After initial biochemical studies suggestive of ectopic Cushing's syndrome, CT of the chest and abdomen revealed multiple cavitated pulmonary lesions, an ischiorectal mass, and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. MRI of the pituitary gland revealed normal findings. Both PET scanning with [18 F]-flurodeoxyglucose (FDG) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with 111 indium-penetetreotide (Octreoscan) revealed strong tracer uptake in the ethmoid region. CT and MRI of the sinuses and brain subsequently localized a 5-cm mass in the ethmoid sinuses with intracranial extension. On biopsy, pathology results were consistent with a diagnosis of ENB, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that tumor cells were strongly positive for ACTH, synaptophysin, and S-100, providing definitive diagnosis of ACTH-producing ENB. Hypercortisolemia was initially controlled by metyrapone, then by external beam radiation therapy (RT).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case illustrates the usefulness of nuclear imaging in the diagnosis of ENB, and the importance of prompt control of hypercortisolemia in Cushing's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric and Reproductive Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Christian A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Athos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patsalides
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Rosemary M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Altemus
authors.forename: Lynette K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Nieman
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pacak
mesh_terms: D000182:ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic / Q000209:etiology*; D000328:Adult; D000963:Antimetabolites / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018304:Esthesioneuroblastoma, Olfactory / Q000737:chemistry / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008797:Metyrapone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009296:Nasal Cavity; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000532:radiotherapy; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000032:analysis; D014055:Tomography, Emission-Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000963:Antimetabolites; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; D008797:Metyrapone