title: A role for Streptococcus pneumoniae in virus-associated pneumonia.
abstract: Here we show, in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 37,107 fully immunized infants in Soweto, South Africa, that a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PncCV, prevents 31% (95% confidence interval = 15-43%) of pneumonias associated with any of seven respiratory viruses in children in hospital. These data suggest that the pneumococcus has a major role in the development of pneumonia associated with these viruses and that viruses contribute to the pathogenesis of bacterial pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: University of the Witwatersrand/Medical Research Council/National Institute for Communicable Diseases Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Atlanta 30332, USA.
authors.forename: Shabir A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Madhi
authors.forename: Keith P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Klugman
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D013019:South Africa; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate