title: Comparison of water turnover rates in young swimmers in training and age-matched non-training individuals.
abstract: Total body water (TBW) and water turnover rates (WTR) of 8 competitive swimmers (SW) and 6 age-matched non-training individuals (CON) were determined using deuterium oxide dilution and elimination. During the 7-day study, individuals in the SW group trained 9 times, swimming on average 42.4 km, while the CON group did no regular exercise. Water temperature in the swimming pool was between 26 and 29 degrees C during training sessions. Body mass at the beginning and end of the study period remained essentially the same in the SW (67.8+/- 6.3 kg) and CON (61.1 +/- 8.5 kg) groups. Mean +/- SD TBW of the SW (38.7+/- 5.6 L) was similar to that of the CON (37.5 +/- 8.0 L). Mean WTR was faster in the SW (54 +/- 18 ml x kg x day(- 1) than the CON (28+/- 21 ml x kg x day(-1)). Mean daily urine output was similar in the SW (14 +/- 5 ml x kg x day(-1)) and CON (14+/- 3 ml x kg x day(-1)). Calculated non-renal daily water loss was faster in the SW (41 +/- 21 ml x kg x day(-1)) than the CON (13 +/- 20 ml x kg x day(-1)). This study demonstrates that WTR are faster in young swimmers who exercise strenuously in cool water than in non-training individuals and that the difference was due to the approximately 3-times greater non-renal water losses that the exercising group incurred. This suggests that exercise-induced increases in sweat rates are a major factor in water loss in swimmers training in cool water.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences at University Medical School, Aberdeen, UK.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Leiper
authors.forename: Ron J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Maughan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017666:Deuterium Oxide; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017666:Deuterium Oxide