title: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Accomplishments and qualms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is now the preferred technique for treatment of male factor infertility and many children have been born worldwide. However, concerns about the risk of transmitting genetic defects and development of ICSI children have been raised. We report clinical outcome of ICSI in Cornell University and results of screening for genetic defects in ICSI parents and their children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy and obstetrical outcomes as well as congenital malformations were analyzed. Chromosomal karyotyping and Yq deletion assessments were performed on blood samples. In addition, medical and developmental outcome were assessed in 3 and 5 year old ICSI children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have performed 8 575 ICSI cycles with ejaculated spermatozoa that resulted in a 75.4% fertilization and a 42.8% clinical pregnancy rates while for surgically retrieved specimen resulted in 66%, 48.8% respectively. The incidence of Y deletion was within the expected range for an infertile population, with identical deletions transmitted to the male offspring. There were no differences in cognitive, motor and behavioral development observed between ICSI children and these conceived naturally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The large majority of infertile men were treatable by ICSI, which resulted in the transmission of a specific abnormality but did not enhance the incidence of de novo deletions. There is no indication that ICSI children develop more congenital defects or express a lower psychomotor development that children conceived naturally. Nonetheless, genetic screening and counseling of couples undergoing ICSI would seem to be appropriate.
authors.affiliation: The Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Q V
authors.initials: QV
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katagiri
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rosenwaks
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Palermo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007248:Infertility, Male; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors