title: Evidence of axonal damage in human acute demyelinating diseases.
abstract: Substantial axon damage, detected by immunostaining for beta amyloid precursor protein (betaAPP) has been demonstrated in acute demyelinating lesions in multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed to determine if this was also the case in the other human acute demyelinating diseases, acute hemorrhagic leucoencephalitis (AHLE), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and central pontine myelinolysis (CPM).
  
  
  METHODS
  BetaAPP immunostaining was used as a marker of axonal damage in autopsy material from these conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Axonal damage was detected in all these conditions. Its extent varied within and between them. Axonal damage was largely confined to tissue adjacent to veins and venules in AHLE and ADEM but was unrelated to proximity to these vessels in CPM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial axon damage occurs in fatal cases of AHLE, ADEM and CPM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: DeLuca
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Esiri
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000378:metabolism; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004673:Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D004684:Leukoencephalitis, Acute Hemorrhagic / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017590:Myelinolysis, Central Pontine / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology; D014855:Wallerian Degeneration / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D015415:Biomarkers; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule