title: Recombinant HMGB1 with cytokine-stimulating activity.
abstract: We describe methods for the isolation, purification, and characterization of full-length high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and truncated mutants expressed in bacteria and in mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. HMGB1 is an abundant nuclear and cytoplasmic protein, highly conserved across species and widely distributed in eukaryotic cells from yeast to man. As a ubiquitous nuclear DNA binding protein, HMGB1 binds DNA, facilitates gene transcription, and stabilizes nucleosome structure. In addition to these intracellular roles, HMGB1 can be released into the extracellular milieu by activated innate immune cells (i.e., macrophages, monocytes) and functions as a mediator of lethal endotoxemia and sepsis. The proinflammatory cytokine activity of HMGB1 has become an intense area of research and recombinant protein can be a useful tool to probe HMGB1 functions. Due to its dipolar charged properties, HMGB1 isolated by some methods can be contaminated with bacterial products (such as CpG DNA or lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) that may interfere with immunological analyses. Here we report our newly developed methods for the isolation and purification of biologically active HMGB1 from bacteria or mammalian CHO cells that is essentially free of contaminants. This strategy provides an important advance in methodology to facilitate future HMGB1 studies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Biomedical Science, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Research Institute, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Jianhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Haichao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: Man
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ulloa
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Czura
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Tracey
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024243:HMGB1 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D024243:HMGB1 Protein; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors