title: Effect of estradiol valerate and levonorgestrel on vaginal health.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of the combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) estradiol valerate/levonorgestrel on vaginal symptoms, vaginal health index, vaginal pH, and vaginal cytology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, open-label study involving 32 postmenopausal women was performed in Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. All the subjects received sequential oral estrogen-progestogen hormone replacement therapy, which contains 2 mg estradiol valerate and 0.15 mg levonorgestrel, for 6 months. The results in terms of vaginal health index, vaginal pH, and vaginal cytology before and after treatment were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of these postmenopausal women was 52.56 +/- 3.33 years (range: 46-60 years). The mean time since the last menstrual period was 3.41 +/- 2.95 years (range: 1-15 years). The vaginal health index, which indicates vaginal health by means of scores for vaginal moistness, vaginal fluid volume, vaginal elasticity, vaginal mucosa, and vaginal pH rose significantly in all the women. The mean vaginal pH became significantly lower. The vaginal cytology showed an estrogenic effect on the karyopyknotic index (KPI) and the maturation value (MV) after 3 and 6 months of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During estradiol valerate and levonorgestrel treatment, there were demonstrable improvements in the objective signs of vaginal atrophy: atrophic vaginal epithelium became thicker and vaginal pH lower, and the morphology of the vaginal cells was better.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. rajmo@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Jittima
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manonai
authors.forename: Apichart
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chittacharoen
authors.forename: Urusa
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Theppisai
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014621:Vagina / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel