title: Effect of remaining demineralised dentine on dental microleakage accessed by a dye penetration: how to inhibit microleakage?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate that microleakage has taken place at the defect, which was analysed previously by a tensile test using dumbbell shaped specimens trimmed from bonded resin/dentine restorations, and to suggest how microleakage can be inhibited reliably in dental treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 60 Class V box cavities were prepared at the cemento-enamel junction on fresh bovine incisors and randomly divided into four groups of 15 specimens each. Exposure times of etching for 10:3 conditioner were set at 10, 30 or 60 s, and for 10% phosphoric acid (positive control) at 10 s. The cavity walls were rinsed with water for 10 s, air-dried for 10 s and hybridised with 4-META/MMA-TBB resin. All the cavities were filled with a light cured resin composite and stored in 37 degrees C water for 24 h and then immersed in 15% methylene blue for 2 h. The length of dye penetration along the interface was graded by defined criteria and analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The dye penetration patterns were examined by light microscopy and the remaining demineralised dentine was analysed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The least leakage score was obtained in 10s-10:3 etched group with 12 out of 15 specimens demonstrating no leakage. Leakage was significantly lower at the cementum margin than for the other three groups. No significant difference in the extent of greatest dye penetration was found between the 60s-10:3 and 10s-phosphoric etched groups. Dye penetration along the cementum margins was significantly higher than that of the enamel margins in all groups, except the 10s-10:3 etched group. TEM examination confirmed that there were exposed collagen fibrils in the remaining demineralised dentine, where microleakage had taken place.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It could be concluded from this study that microleakage has taken place at the defect in the bonded specimens which has correlations with zones of incompletely infiltrated demineralised dentine that was observed using TEM. A reliable method of inhibiting microleakage is the presence of well prepared hybridised dentine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pratumwon, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
authors.forename: Morakot
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piemjai
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakabayashi
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000818:Animals; D001896:Boron Compounds; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003804:Dentin / Q000473:pathology; D003806:Dentin Permeability; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D019237:Tooth Cervix; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: C476988:4-methacryloxyethyltrimellitic acid-methylmethacrylate-tributylborane; D001896:Boron Compounds; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements