Criticism or praise? The impact of verbal versus text-only computer feedback on social presence, intrinsic motivation, and recall.
The Computers Are Social Actors (CASA) paradigm asserts that human computer users interact socially with computers, and has provided extensive evidence that this is the case. In this experiment (n = 134), participants received either praise or criticism from a computer. Independent variables were the direction feedback (praise or criticism), and voice channel (verbal or text-only). Dependent variables measured via a computer-based questionnaire were recall, perceived ability, intrinsic motivation, and perceptions of the computer as a social entity. Results demonstrate that participants had similar reactions to computers as predicted by interpersonal communication research with participants who received text-only criticism reporting higher levels of intrinsic motivation, perceived ability, and recall. Additionally, the computer was seen as more intelligent. Implications for theory and application are discussed.
Bracken
Cheryl Campanella
CC
School of Communication, Communication Research Center, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA. c.bracken@csuohio.edu
Jeffres
Leo W
LW
Neuendorf
Kimberly A
KA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011932:Reading; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012938:Social Perception; D013067:Speech Perception