title: Open psychiatric services in interwar France.
abstract: The open psychiatric service established in Paris by Edoward Toulouse was meant to provide early, active psychiatric treatment to mildly afflicted individuals without subjecting them to legal commitment. Psychiatric reformers also hoped that the service would help to raise the status of psychiatry by typing their specialty's fate to laboratory science and hospital medicine. This article traces the genesis of open psychiatric services in interwar France and survey the debates they engendered within the French psychiatric community. It highlights the role of World War I in the implementation of open services and in the creation of a pool of patients who required assistance.
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000266:history*; D005602:France; D049673:History, 20th Century; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000266:history*; D010361:Patients / Q000266:history*; D011173:Portraits as Topic / Q000266:history*; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000266:history*