title: Maternal parenting and children's conscience: early security as moderator.
abstract: Socialization research is shifting from direct links between parenting and children's outcomes toward models that consider parenting in the context of other factors. This study proposed that the effects of maternal responsive, gentle parenting on child conscience are moderated by the quality of their relationship, specifically, early security. A 2-process model of early conscience development was proposed and confirmed in this longitudinal study. The child's security and trust in the caregiver, assessed at 14 months in the Strange Situation, rendered him or her receptive and eager to accept the caregiver's socialization agenda. That early security then enhanced the effectiveness of parental adaptive parenting style, observed from 14 to 45 months, in terms of promoting conscience at 56 months, which encompassed moral conduct, moral cognition, and moral self.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA. grazyna-kochanska@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Grazyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kochanska
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aksan
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Knaack
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Rhines
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition; D003242:Conscience; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009014:Morals; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009769:Object Attachment; D016487:Parenting; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012951:Socialization