title: The sizes of internal jugular veins in Turkish children aged between 7 and 12 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we aimed at searching for internal jugular vein (IJV) diameters in Turkish children in order to learn about anatomic details of IJV diameters and to supplement the diagnostic criteria in vascular pathologies such as phlebectasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 92 children within the age range of 7-12 years were included in this study. In order to provide a consistent anatomical landmark in all subjects, all of the children were imaged by ultrasonography (USG) at the level of the cricoid cartilage. The measurements consisted the maximal antero-posterior (AP) and transverse (T) cross-sectional internal diameters of the internal jugular veins during both regular breathing and Valsalva maneuver. For the statistical purposes, the following analyses were performed: the relationship between the IJV diameters obtained at rest and those obtained during Valsalva maneuver, with the paired t-test; the relationship between the age groups and the IJV diameters, with the unpaired test. The significance was set at P < 0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During regular breathing, the mean transvers diameters of the right and left IJVs were 11.26 and 10.01 mm, respectively, while they were 16.28 and 13.61 mm during straining phase of the Valsalva maneuver. The mean antero-posterior diameters of the right and left IJVs before and during Valsalva maneuver were 7.64 and 6.8 mm versus 11.53 and 9.84 mm. The IJV diameters were larger on the right side than those on the left and also there were significant increases in the diameters by Valsalva maneuver.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a result, in this study performed among Turkish children aged between 7-12 years, it was shown that there was no correlation between the IJV diameters and the age groups (P > 0.05), while there was a significant increase in the IJV diameters on Valsalva maneuver (P < 0.05). We think that the results we obtained in this study may be useful and important for comparison in the patients with phlebectasia and also for the required knowledge of the anatomic details in medical interventions performed through IJV. However, since children aged between 0 and 6 years were not included in this study and the lack of relation found in our study may not be the same among 0-6 years, a further study is needed to show any interrelationship between former age group and size.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, 46050 Kahramanmaras, Turkey. yil2003il@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Ilhami
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Mürvet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yüksel
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okur
authors.forename: Erdogan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okur
authors.forename: M Akif
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kýliç
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003413:Cricoid Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D014421:Turkey; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver