title: Short report: polymorphisms in the chloroquine resistance transporter gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Lombok, Indonesia.
abstract: The polymorphisms in the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1) and P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) genes, which are associated with chloroquine resistance, were examined in 48 P. falciparum isolates from uncomplicated malaria patients from the West Lombok District in Indonesia. The point mutation N86Y in pfmdr1 was present in 35.4% of the isolates and mutation K76T in pfcrt was found in all but one of the samples studied. Identified pfcrt haplotypes were mainly identical to the Papua New Guinea type S(agt)VMNT (42 of 48, 87.5%), and a few isolates had the Southeast Asia type CVIET (5 of 48, 10.4%). Moreover, one P. falciparum isolate harbored the K76N mutation, giving rise to the haplotype CVMNN, which was not previously reported in field isolates. Our findings suggest that chloroquine resistance in this area might have the same origin as in Papua New Guinea.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan. seci_huaman@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Maria Cecilia
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Huaman
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Aan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suryanatha
authors.forename: Nyoman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suarsana
authors.forename: Hiroji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanbara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015800:Protozoan Proteins
chemical_list: D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C416369:PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D002738:Chloroquine