title: Mechanisms of HIV-1 escape from immune responses and antiretroviral drugs.
abstract: Despite the fact that HIV-1 induces vigorous antiviral immune responses, viral replication is never completely controlled in infected individuals. Recent studies have provided insight into the mechanisms by which focused immune pressure directed at particular B or T cell epitopes leads to the rapid appearance of escape mutations. Even if anti-HIV-1 immune responses could be enhanced to the point where they inhibit viral replication to the same extent as certain combinations of antiretroviral drugs, eradication would be unlikely because of the persistence of the virus in an extremely stable latent reservoir in resting memory CD4(+) T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Joel N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Blankson
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wind-Rotolo
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Siliciano
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000276:immunology; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015483:HIV Antibodies