title: The developmentally regulated neural crest-associated glycotope HNK-1 predicts metastasis in cutaneous malignant melanoma.
abstract: Aberrant glycosylation is a common feature of metastatic sub-clones of malignant tumours and in uveal melanoma in particular, the HNK-1 glycotope has been positively correlated with poor prognosis. So far, no such correlation has been investigated in cutaneous melanoma. In order to do so, HNK-1 expression was evaluated immunohistochemically in 100 primary cutaneous melanomas and correlated with metastasis after up to 10-years' follow-up. Furthermore, HNK-1 expression was analysed in metastatic deposits (19 distant cutaneous metastases and six sentinel lymph node metastases), as well as in benign nevi. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a positive association between HNK-1 expression and metastasis (p < 0.005) and multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusted for the standard prognostic markers ulceration and vertical tumour thickness confirmed HNK-1 expression as an independent prognostic marker. HNK-1 expression was preserved in 42% of the distant cutaneous metastases, but metastatic cells in lymph nodes were devoid of HNK-1 immunoreactivity. None of the benign pigmented lesions exhibited HNK-1 immunoreactivity. Expression of the HNK-1 glycotope in cutaneous malignant melanoma is an independent prognostic marker of metastasis. Differential HNK-1 expression at the metastatic sites implies that its expression is modulated by the surrounding environment. As HNK-1 is also transiently expressed during migration of melanocyte precursor cells derived from the neural crest, recapitulation of this transient expression might occur during metastatic spread of cutaneous malignant melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anatomie II: Experimentelle Morphologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany. thies@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Anka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thies
authors.forename: Melitta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schachner
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moll
authors.forename: Hans-Joachim
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunner
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schumacher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018959:CD57 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009506:Nevus / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018959:CD57 Antigens