title: Protective actions in the late phase--intervention criteria and decision-making.
abstract: Major countermeasures in the late phase of a nuclear or radiological accident where long-lived radionuclides have been dispersed in the environment are relocation/resettlement, foodstuff restrictions, agricultural countermeasures and clean-up of contaminated areas. There has essentially been a broad acceptance internationally of the principles for their introduction, but it has not been possible to reach an agreement for the purpose of defining a net benefit based upon the exact weighting to be attached to each of the attributes influencing the decision on intervention, e.g. socio-psychological attributes. Optimisation of protection, i.e. maximising the net benefit, is not a question of developing radiation protection philosophy to fully include socio-psychological factors but rather to include these factors--in parallel with the radiological protection factors--in cooperation between radiation protection experts and e.g. experts in social and psychological sciences under the responsibility of the decision-maker, who will take the final decision on the introduction of long-term countermeasures.
authors.affiliation: Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hedemann-Jensen
mesh_terms: D003660:Decision Support Systems, Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods; D004189:Disaster Planning / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D004630:Emergencies; D005060:Europe; D011210:Power Plants; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D012307:Risk Factors; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration*