title: Effect of resuscitative mild hypothermia and oxygen concentration on the survival time during lethal uncontrolled haemorrhagic shock in mechanically ventilated rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that resuscitative mild hypothermia (MH) (34 degrees C) or breathing fractional inspired oxygen (FIo2) of 1.0 would prolong survival time during lethal uncontrolled haemorrhagic shock (UHS) in mechanically ventilated rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty Wistar rats were anaesthetized with halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen (70/30%), intubated and mechanically ventilated. UHS was induced by volume-controlled blood withdrawal of 3 ml/100 g over 15 min, followed by 75% tail amputation of its length. The animals were randomly divided into four UHS treatment groups (10 rats in each group): group 1 was maintained on an FIo2 of 0.21 and rectal temperature of 37.5 degrees C. Group 2 was maintained on an FIo2 of 0.21 and induced MH. Group 3 was maintained on an FIo2 of 1.0 and 37.5 degrees C. Group 4 was maintained on an FIo2 of 1.0 and MH. Rats were observed otherwise untreated until death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the initial blood withdrawal, mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased to 40 mmHg, and the heart rate (HR) increased up to 400 beats/min. The induction of MH increased MAP to 60 mmHg and increased survival time. Moreover, it reduced the HR to 300 beats/min but did not increase bleeding. Ventilation with an FIo2 of 1.0 did not influence MAP, blood loss or survival time, but increased arterial oxygen tension. The mean survival time was 62, 202, 68 and 209 min in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Blood loss from the tail was 1.0, 1.2, 0.9 and 0.7 ml, respectively, in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MH prolonged the survival time during UHS in mechanically ventilated rats. However, an FIo2 of 1.0 did not influence the survival time or blood loss from the tail.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine and Cerebral Resuscitation Research Group, AZ-VUB, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hachimi-Idrissi
authors.forename: Duc Nam
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zizi
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huyghens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D023421:Models, Animal; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen