title: Survey of specialized tertiary care facilities for adults with congenital heart disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Specialized tertiary care facilities developed in response to the increasing numbers of adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). Because this patient population comprises a relatively new area of specialized cardiovascular interest, the first facilities necessarily evolved without preexisting guidelines or interaction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the major features of the six original and largest tertiary adults CHD facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Written questionnaire sent to six participating facilities in North America and Europe. Information was analyzed centrally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All but one facilities was established over 20 years ago, and each cares for over 1500 patients. Hospital admissions ranged from 100 to 660 patients/unit/year. Of the total number of registered patients, 52-81% had undergone one or more reparative surgeries. Reoperations constituted 25-80% of the 50-170 operations/unit/year. Overall mean surgical mortality was 1.9%/year. Inpatient and outpatient care was provided in adult (n = 4) or both adult and pediatric (n = 2) settings. All six facilities enjoyed close collaboration between adult and pediatric cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, nurse specialists and cardiac and non-cardiac consultants. Training and research were pivotal activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Provision of comprehensive care by multidisciplinary teams including adult and pediatric cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, specialized nurses and other cardiac and non-cardiac consultants was the unifying feature for all six tertiary care facilities reported here. There were minor differences among them based on available resources, local expertise and national health care policies. There appears to be a significant shortfall in tertiary care provision for the adult with CHD that requires further planning and resource allocation. These data may be useful for new and evolving adult CHD services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Chiba Cardiovascular Center, 575 Tsurumai, Ichihara, Chiba 290-0512 Japan. KNIWA@aol.com
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Joseph K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Perloff
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liberthson
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Warnes
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gatzoulis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002300:Cardiac Care Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010348:Patient Care Team; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D040841:Resource Allocation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome