title: Acetaminophen-induced hypothermia in mice is mediated by a prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 1 gene-derived protein.
abstract: Acetaminophen is a widely used antipyretic analgesic, reducing fever caused by bacterial and viral infections and by clinical trauma such as cancer or stroke. In rare cases in humans, e.g., in febrile children or HIV or stroke patients, acetaminophen causes hypothermia while therapeutic blood levels of the drug are maintained. In C57/BL6 mice, acetaminophen caused hypothermia that was dose related and maximum (>2 degrees C below normal) with a dose of 300 mg/kg. The reduction and recovery of body temperature was paralleled by a fall of >90% and a subsequent rise of prostaglandin (PG)E(2) concentrations in the brain. In cyclooxygenase (COX)-2(-/-) mice, acetaminophen (300 mg/kg) produced hypothermia accompanied by a reduction in brain PGE(2) levels, whereas in COX-1(-/-) mice, the hypothermia to this dose of acetaminophen was attenuated. The brains of COX-1(-/-) mice had approximately 70% lower levels of PGE(2) than those of WT animals, and these levels were not reduced further by acetaminophen. The putative selective COX-3 inhibitors antipyrine and aminopyrine also reduced basal body temperature and brain PGE(2) levels in normal mice. We propose that acetaminophen is a selective inhibitor of a COX-1 variant and this enzyme is involved in the continual synthesis of PGE(2) that maintains a normal body temperature. Thus, acetaminophen reduces basal body temperature below normal in mice most likely by inhibiting COX-3.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Pathology Group, Queen Mary University of London, St. Bartholomew's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Samir S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Botting
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goorha
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Colville-Nash
authors.forename: Derek A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Willoughby
authors.forename: Leslie R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Ballou
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000632:Aminopyrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000983:Antipyrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000235:genetics*; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000632:Aminopyrine; D000082:Acetaminophen; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; C496512:Ptgs1 protein, mouse; C466421:cyclooxygenase-3; D015232:Dinoprostone; D000983:Antipyrine