title: Polymorphic NF-Y dependent regulation of human nicotine C-oxidase (CYP2A6).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In humans, cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) constitutes the principal nicotine C-oxidase. Several different polymorphic CYP2A6 gene variants are known which contribute to the highly variable expression of this enzyme among individuals. In this study we report a novel polymorphism located in the 5' flanking region (-745A > G) of the CYP2A6 gene disrupting a CCAAT box.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) indicated that NF-YA is part of this nuclear protein complex. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that NF-Y recognizes a region of the CYP2A6 5' flanking region located between -932 and -606. EMSA showed that out of the three CCAAT boxes in the CYP2A6 promoter, with CCAAT core sequences located between -839/-835, -748/-744, and -689/-685, only the one at -748/-744 was able to compete with the nuclear protein complex binding to the -748/-744 CCAAT box. Cotransfection experiments indicated that NF-Y acts as a positive regulatory element on CYP2A6 gene regulation. EMSA demonstrated that an NF-Y consensus oligonucleotide but not the -745A > G oligonucleotide competed efficiently with binding of the protein complex to the -748/-744 CCAAT box. Promoter activity of the -745A > G variant was significantly reduced to 78% relative to the wild-type allele in HepG2 cells transfected with luciferase reporter plasmids. Finally, haplotype analysis was carried out comprising the -745A > G variant in combination with all known CYP2A6 3' and 5' flanking single nucleotide polymorphisms: -1013A > G, -48T > G, and the CYP2A6/CYP2A7 3' flank conversion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new haplotype, CYP2A6*1H was identified, with allele frequencies of 3.1% in Swedish and 5.2% in Turkish populations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: von Richter
authors.forename: Marià
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pitarque
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Antona
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mantovani
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oscarson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ingelman-Sundberg
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics*; D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D008156:Luciferases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C585710:CYP2A6 protein, human; D065637:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6