title: Population genetics of apolipoproteins A-IV, E, and H, and the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE): associations with lipids, and apolipoprotein levels in American Samoans.
abstract: Distributions of alleles at three apolipoprotein loci (APO E, APO H, and APO A-IV) and an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) locus among 274 American Samoans are described here. Genotypes at each locus are examined for associations with quantitative lipid (total cholesterol (total-c), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), and triglycerides) and apolipoprotein (APO AI, APO AII, APO E, and APO B) levels. Genotype frequencies at all four loci are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The most common APO A-IV genotype (1-1) was observed in 252 American Samoans (97%). The three most common APO E genotypes were 3-3 (47%), 3-4 (30%), and 2-3 (12%). The most frequent APO H genotype was 2-2 (86%). The most common ACE genotype (I/I) was observed in 75% of sampled individuals, and 23% were I/D heterozygotes. APO E genotypic variation was associated with total-c, HDL-c, LDL-c, and all four quantitative apolipoproteins (AI, AII, E, and B). APO A-IV genotypes were associated significantly with total cholesterol, LDL-c, and APO-B levels. APO H showed little association with any quantitative lipid or apolipoprotein. ACE D/D homozygotes had higher AII levels. ACE showed a consistent association with APO AII levels, with either APO A-IV or APO E as a covariate. The interaction term between ACE and APO E was also significantly associated with total-c and APO E levels, and the ACE genotype showed a significant main effect on APO AI levels in multivariate analyses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1316, USA.
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Crews
authors.forename: Lori J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Fitton
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kottke
authors.forename: M Ilyas
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kamboh
mesh_terms: D018948:American Samoa; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005828:Genetics, Population; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; C022205:apolipoprotein A-IV; D053482:beta 2-Glycoprotein I; D002784:Cholesterol; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A