title: Effect of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet and reduced sodium intake on blood pressure control.
abstract: The authors hypothesized that the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and reduced sodium intake would control stage 1 hypertension and reduce high-normal blood pressure (BP) to optimal levels. Adults with systolic BP 120-159 mm Hg and diastolic BP 80-95 mm Hg were randomly assigned to receive the DASH diet or a typical American (control) diet, consuming three different sodium intakes (higher=142 mmol/d, intermediate=107 mmol/d, and lower=65 mmol/d) for 30 days each. BP control was defined as systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg. Among subjects with hypertension at baseline, at higher sodium intake the DASH diet increased BP control two-fold over control (63% vs. 32%; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.9). Reducing sodium intake in the control diet group increased BP control 2.3-fold (74% vs. 32%; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-3.2). The maximum BP control rate (84%) was achieved with the DASH/lower sodium diet. BP became normal or optimal in 71% of persons consuming the control/lower sodium diet and 77% of persons consuming the DASH/lower sodium diet. Both the DASH diet and reduced sodium intake improved BP control.
authors.affiliation: Duke Hypertension Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. svetk001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: Laura P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Svetkey
authors.forename: Denise G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Simons-Morton
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Proschan
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Conlin
authors.forename: Davis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harsha
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012982:Sodium, Dietary / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D012982:Sodium, Dietary