title: Ultrastructural alterations in capillaries of the diabetic hypertensive rat retina: protective effects of ACE inhibition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ACE inhibitor cilazapril was administered to diabetic hypertensive rats to evaluate its ability to influence the development of retinal capillary alterations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normotensive (strain: Wistar Kyoto) and genetically hypertensive (strain: spontaneously hypertensive) rats were rendered diabetic by intravenous injections of streptozotocin. Half of the diabetic animals received cilazapril with their daily food. At 20 weeks of diabetes, endothelial cells, pericytes and extracellular matrix were assessed by ultrastructural morphometry. Each experimental group consisted of seven animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cilazapril normalised systolic arterial pressure in diabetic hypertensive rats (137+/-2 mm Hg compared with 188+/-16 mm Hg in non-medicated diabetic hypertensive rats, p<0.001). The number of endothelial intercellular junctions was reduced in untreated diabetic hypertensive rats (0.15+/-0.05, p<0.02, vs 0.47+/-0.20 in non-diabetic normotensive rats). In diabetic hypertensive animals treated with cilazapril, this loss was attenuated (0.32+/-0.16, p<0.05). The significant thickening of the basement membrane observed in the diabetic normotensive (132.8+/-19.4 nm) and diabetic hypertensive (150.3+/-20.2 nm) groups was decreased by cilazapril in the diabetic hypertensive group (116.7+/-11.0 nm, p<0.01), but was unaffected in the normotensive (131.9+/-17.3 nm) group. No protective effect of the drug was observed in either group on pericytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term administration of an effective antihypertensive therapy normalises endothelial alterations and basement membrane thickness in diabetic hypertensive conditions, and thus may account for the well-known improvement of the blood-retinal barrier observed during antihypertensive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, University Eye Clinic, Geneva, Switzerland. andre.dosso@hcuge.ch.|Clinique d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital cantonal universitaire, 22, rue Alcide Jentzer, 1211, Genève 14, Switzerland. andre.dosso@hcuge.ch.
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dosso
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, University Eye Clinic, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rungger-Brändle
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, University Eye Clinic, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Leuenberger
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002196:Capillaries / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001786:Blood Glucose