title: Randomized, double-blind trial comparing topical nitroglycerine with xylocaine and Proctosedyl in idiopathic chronic anal fissure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare symptomatic relief, healing, and changes in maximal anal resting pressure with the use of topical formulations in patients with chronic anal fissure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four consecutive patients with chronic anal fissure were randomized into 4 groups that received, in a double-blind manner, a topical ointment that contained 0.2% nitroglycerine (GTN), 5% xylocaine, Proctosedyl (hydrocortisone acetate, heparin, framycetin sulfate, esculoside, ethoform, butoform) or petroleum jelly (Vaseline), to be applied twice daily. Patients were reviewed at 2-week intervals for 6 weeks. Anal manometry was done before, and 20 minutes after, the first application of the ointment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant (p < 0.0001) reduction in mean anal resting pressure after application of GTN, but not any other ointment. Of 16 patients receiving GTN, complete pain relief occurred in 6 and 15 patients after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, respectively; this was more frequent than in the other 3 groups. At 6 weeks also, complete pain relief occurred more often with GTN than with Vaseline or xylocaine. After 4 weeks of treatment, 3 patients on GTN had complete healing of fissure as compared to one each in the xylocaine and Proctosedyl groups and none in the Vaseline group. At 6 weeks, healing of fissure had occurred in 15 of 16 patients receiving GTN as compared to 4 receiving Vaseline, 11 receiving xylocaine, and 12 on Proctosedyl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical nitroglycerine produces 'chemical sphincterotomy' with reduction in mean anal resting pressure. Pain relief and healing of fissure occurred earlier with GTN than with other treatments. GTN should be considered as the treatment of choice for the non-surgical management of patients with chronic anal fissure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Lady Hardinge Medical College, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, New Delhi.
authors.forename: Mohender Singh
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Maan
authors.forename: Rajnish
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Shaji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Niladhar S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hadke
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003992:Dibucaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004929:Esculin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005601:Framycetin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D004929:Esculin; D005601:Framycetin; C056407:Proctosedyl; D008012:Lidocaine; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D003992:Dibucaine; D006854:Hydrocortisone