title: The neurotrophin-receptor-related protein NRH1 is essential for convergent extension movements.
abstract: Early spherical Xenopus laevis embryos are transformed into a streamlined shape through convergent extension movements. Here we report that a p75(NTR)-related transmembrane protein, NRH1, has an essential function in the regulation of these movements. NRH1 was expressed in marginal zone tissues of the gastrula and in the posterior ectoderm of the neurula. Attenuation of the NRH1 function inhibited convergent extension movements in the embryo and in activin-treated animal caps. NRH1 activated downstream effectors of the Wnt/planar cell polarity pathway: small GTPases and the cascade of MKK7-JNK. Furthermore, gain- and loss-of-function phenotypes of NRH1 were rescued by co-injection of dominant-negative and constitutively active forms of these downstream effectors, respectively, suggesting that NRH1 functions as a positive modulator of planar cell polarity signalling. Interestingly, NRH1 does not require Dishevelled (Xdsh) for the activation of these downstream effectors or translocation of Xdsh to the membrane, suggesting that NRH1 signalling interacts with planar cell polarity signalling downstream of Xdsh. This demonstrates an essential role for p75(NTR)-related signalling in early embryonic morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Organogenesis and Neurogenesis Group, Center for Developmental Biology, RIKEN 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo Kobe 650-0047, Japan. sasaicdb@mub.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasai
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000235:genetics; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D005775:Gastrula; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: C476127:NRH1 protein, Xenopus; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases