title: Evaluation of current biological exposure index for occupational N, N-dimethylformamide exposure from synthetic leather workers.
abstract: The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the correlation between external exposure to N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and urinary excretion of DMF and N-methylformamide; (2) to assess whether the correspondence between the current occupational exposure limit setting and recommended urinary biological exposure index is substantial; and (3) to evaluate whether coexposure to toluene, methyl ethyl ketone, and ethyl acetate has an effect on urinary excretion of DMF and N-methylformamide (NMF). Urinary DMF and NMF were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with one another and also significantly correlated with airborne DMF (P < 0.01) over the range of 1.55 to 152.8 mg/m. Urinary DMF can be considered a complementary marker for short-term exposure. Urinary concentration of NMF and DMF, corresponding to the 8-hour exposure to airborne DMF at 30 mg/m, was estimated to 38.4 mg/L or 39.4 mg/g creatinine for NMF and to 0.92 mg/L or 0.96 mg/g creatinine for DMF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, No. 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ven-Shing
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tung-Sheng
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Ching-Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Ho-Yuan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jim-Shoung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Chin-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D002074:Butanones / Q000009:adverse effects; D004126:Dimethylformamide / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013783:Textile Industry; D014050:Toluene / Q000009:adverse effects; D016482:Urinalysis
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D002074:Butanones; D012997:Solvents; D014050:Toluene; C005222:methylethyl ketone; C007650:ethyl acetate; D004126:Dimethylformamide