Gene targeting reveals a widespread role for the high-mobility-group transcription factor Sox11 in tissue remodeling.
The high-mobility-group domain-containing transcription factor Sox11 is expressed transiently during embryonic development in many tissues that undergo inductive remodeling. Here we have analyzed the function of Sox11 by gene deletion in the mouse. Sox11-deficient mice died at birth from congenital cyanosis, likely resulting from heart defects. These included ventricular septation defects and outflow tract malformations that ranged from arterial common trunk to a condition known as double outlet right ventricle. Many other organs that normally express Sox11 also exhibited severe developmental defects. We observed various craniofacial and skeletal malformations, asplenia, and hypoplasia of the lung, stomach, and pancreas. Eyelids and the abdominal wall did not close properly in some Sox11-deficient mice. This phenotype suggests a prime function for Sox11 in tissue remodeling and identifies SOX11 as a potentially mutated gene in corresponding human malformation syndromes.
Sock
Elisabeth
E
Institut für Biochemie, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
Rettig
Stefanie D
SD
Enderich
Janna
J
Bösl
Michael R
MR
Tamm
Ernst R
ER
Wegner
Michael
M
D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000002:abnormalities; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005697:Galactosides / Q000378:metabolism; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018390:Gene Targeting; D005838:Genotype; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000235:genetics; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D055751:SOXC Transcription Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000378:metabolism
D005697:Galactosides; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D007211:Indoles; D055751:SOXC Transcription Factors; C490793:Sox11 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D001616:beta-Galactosidase; C044888:5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside