title: Diastolic performance assessed by tissue Doppler after pediatric heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diastolic performance, indexed by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), has been reported to predict cellular rejection in adult heart recipients, but the predictive value of TDI after pediatric heart transplantation is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  TDI-derived diastolic performance was studied in 37 pediatric (median age 2.54 years) heart recipients in the absence and presence of rejection. Maximum velocities in diastole of the left ventricular posterior wall thinning (diastvelLVPWmax) and medial mitral valve annulus (MVA) were determined in 160 echocardiograms from recipients who experienced either no rejection (Group 1, n = 22) or >or=1 rejection episode(s) (Group 2, n = 14) during the study interval (2 years). There was 1 death in the immediate post-transplant period not included in the analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diastvelLVPWmax determined by TDI in Group 1 increased during the first 90 days post-transplant (r = 0.31; p = 0.05), was heart-rate-dependent (r = 0.591; p < 0.001), and was significantly lower than the veILVPWmax determined from digitized M-mode tracings (116 +/- 31 vs 135 +/- 44 mm/s; p < 0.05). In a sub-group of children transplanted during the study and followed for >or=1 year (n = 9), diastvelLPWmax, determined by TDI, was lower in infant recipients (n = 6; 106.5 +/- 22 mm/s) than in older recipients (n = 3; 135 +/- 36 mm/s; p = 0.015). With rejection, diastvelLVPWmax, determined by M mode (147 +/- 13 vs 104 +/- 11 mm/s; p < 0.05), was decreased compared with baseline recipient studies prior to rejection. In contrast, rejection did not significantly change diastvelLVPWmax, as determined by TDI. MVA E/A (peak early-to-late diastolic velocity ratio) was significantly decreased with rejection (1.37 +/- 0.23 vs 0.92 +/- 0.22; p < 0.05). As a single parameter, an MVA E/A <1.1 was predictive of rejection in 4 of 10 recipients with MVA E/A >or=1.1 pre-rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TDI-derived diastvelLVPWmax varied with age at transplant, heart rate and time post-transplant. A decrease in TDI-derived MVA E/A, but not diastvelLVPWmax, can be of additional predictive value in non-invasive surveillance for rejection in pediatric heart recipients.
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida at All Children's Hospital St Petersburg, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Asante-Korang
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fickey
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Boucek
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Boucek
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002648:Child; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve