title: Excision of a mediastinal parathyroid gland with use of video-assisted thoracoscopy, intraoperative 99mTc-sestamibi scanning, and intraoperative monitoring of intact parathyroid hormone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the complementary use of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and intraoperative 99mTc-sestamibi scanning for persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism due to a mediastinal supernumerary parathyroid gland.
  
  
  METHODS
  We describe a patient with recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism attributable to a mediastinal parathyroid gland who underwent parathyroidectomy with use of VATS, intraoperative 99mTc-sestamibi scanning (gamma probe), and intraoperative monitoring of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 32-year-old man with chronic renal failure who had undergone a 4-gland parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation 14 years previously presented with symptomatic hypercalcemia. A preoperative single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) sestamibi scan revealed a focus of mediastinal uptake, suggestive of an intrathymic gland. The patient underwent a cervical exploration, and the previously reimplanted parathyroid gland and the thymus were resected. iPTH levels failed to normalize, and the operation was terminated. A repeated SPECT scan again revealed an area of mediastinal uptake. Computed tomographic scan of the chest showed a mediastinal gland adjacent to the aortic arch. VATS and intra-operative sestamibi scanning aided in localization of the ectopic parathyroid gland. After removal of the hyperplastic gland, iPTH levels decreased appropriately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In reoperative parathyroidectomy involving mediastinal glands, VATS, complemented by gamma probe localization and iPTH monitoring, may be used to minimize the operative dissection needed to cure hyperparathyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Rush-, Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Roderick M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Quiros
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Prinz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi