Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors side effects--physiologic and non-physiologic considerations.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are increasingly recognized as having an important role in the treatment of hypertension and/or end-organ disease. The sheer number of ACE inhibitors in the United States--now numbering 10 different chemical entities--has created a sense of comfort with these compounds, which is particularly evident when these compounds are used in the patient with essential hypertension; conversely, when comorbid conditions are present in the ACE inhibitor-treated patient, circumstances change and physician vigilance becomes more of a necessity. ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with either cardiac and/or renal disease is as much an art as it is a science, and even in the most skilled hands can prove a challenging undertaking. This review discusses the physiologic and non-physiologic basis for side effects with ACE inhibition.
Sica
Domenic A
DA
Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Hypertensiion, Division of Nephrology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0160, USA. dsica@hsc.vcu.edu
D000740:Anemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000799:Angioedema / Q000139:chemically induced; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy
D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors