title: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor-, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-, or IL-3-dependent survival of macrophages, but not proliferation, requires the expression of p21(Waf1) through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway.
abstract: Mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages proliferate in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or IL-3, but undergo apoptosis in their absence. Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-1/2 blocks growth factor-dependent proliferation but not survival, indicating that the two processes require independent signaling pathways. Although M-CSF induces the activation of other kinase pathways, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K), these pathways are not required for proliferation. However, PI-3K is the only one necessary for the induction of survival, as demonstrated using the inhibitors LY294002 and Wortmannin. Growth factors also activate Akt kinase and a transient expression of the cdk inhibitor p21(Waf1), which inhibits apoptosis but is not required for proliferation. PI-3K inhibitors also block growth factor-dependent expression of p21(Waf1) and the activation of Akt. Moreover, the survival induced by cyclosporin A or decorin is also dependent on the PI-3K/Akt kinases and p21(Waf1). These findings demonstrate that the induction of p21(Waf1) through the PI-3K/Akt pathway is a general survival response of macrophages. Our results show that growth factors in macrophages use two pathways: one for proliferation, mediated by ERK, and the other for survival, which requires the PI-3K/Akt kinases and p21(Waf1).
authors.affiliation: Group of Macrophage Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Barcelona, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Comalada
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xaus
authors.forename: Ester
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: Annabel F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Valledor
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
chemical_list: D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances; D007377:Interleukin-3; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse