title: Dopamine dysregulation syndrome in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease ameliorates motor symptoms. However, it has recently been recognized that a small sub-group of patients suffer motor and behavioural disturbances attributable to taking quantities of medication well beyond the dose required to treat their motor disabilities. This review examines the phenomenology of dopamine dysregulation syndrome in relation to the current understanding of basal ganglia function and its impact on long-term management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cortico-striato-thalamic circuits are implicated in the behavioural and motor disturbances associated with compulsive medication use in Parkinson's disease. Advances in understanding of the role of dopamine in psychostimulant addiction are important in helping to understand dopamine dysregulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recognition of dopamine dysregulation syndrome and characterization of its phenomenology supports the notion that the medication used to treat Parkinson's disease can disrupt basal ganglia mediated motor and behavioural functioning. Refinement of clinical strategies to predict, identify and manage this syndrome will aid the future treatment of motor and non-motor complications of Parkinson's disease.
authors.affiliation: Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, University College London, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D012201:Reward; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D004298:Dopamine