title: The interaction of endosulfan with the Collembolan, Proisotoma minuta (Tullberg): toxicity, the effects of sub-lethal concentrations and metabolism.
abstract: An increased level of the Collembolan, Proisotoma minuta Tullberg was found in the cotton-growing areas of New South Wales, Australia. They were regularly exposed to endosulfan, a highly insecticidal compound. Toxicity, sub-lethal effects and metabolism of endosulfan were studied in P minuta that had been successfully maintained in a plaster of Paris and charcoal mixture substrate with freeze-dried yeast as a food. The 168-h LD50 values were 0.011, 0.049 and 0.055 mg liter(-1) for alpha- and beta-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate, respectively. When P minuta were exposed to non-lethal concentrations of the endosulfans, egg production was inhibited. On recovery from the toxic effects of the endosulfans they resumed production of viable eggs. Conversion of alpha- and beta-endosulfan to endosulfan sulfate was found and the endosulfan sulfate could be further metabolized. The rate of metabolism of alpha-endosulfan was greater than that of beta-endosulfan and the product of endosulfan sulfate metabolism was not identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. ekpark@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Eun-Kee
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Edith M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007313:Insecta / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D004726:Endosulfan