title: Endogenous D-serine is involved in induction of neuronal death by N-methyl-D-aspartate and simulated ischemia in rat cerebrocortical slices.
abstract: Emerging evidence indicates that D-serine rather than glycine serves as an endogenous agonist at glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors, in several nervous tissues, including the developing cerebellum and the retina. Here, we examined whether endogenous D-serine plays a significant role in neuronal damage resulting from excitotoxic insults in the cerebral cortex, using rat brain slices maintained in a defined salt solution. Neuronal cell death induced by application of NMDA or by oxygen-glucose deprivation (simulated ischemia) was markedly suppressed by a competitive glycine site antagonist 2,7-dichlorokynurenic acid. Addition of glycine or D-serine did not augment neuronal damage by NMDA or simulated ischemia, indicating that sufficient amount of glycine site agonist(s) is supplied endogenously within the slices. Application of D-amino acid oxidase, an enzyme that degrades D-serine, markedly inhibited neuronal damage by NMDA and simulated ischemia, which was reversed by addition of excess D-serine or glycine. Sensitivity to the glycine site antagonist of NMDA- or ischemia-induced damage was not affected by the presence of a non-NMDA receptor antagonist, suggesting that kainate receptor-stimulated D-serine release as demonstrated in primary cultured astrocytes does not contribute significantly to the extent of neuronal injury in these settings. The present results suggest that endogenous supply of D-serine as a glycine site agonist is important for neuronal injury involving NMDA receptor overactivation in the cerebral cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katsuki
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nonaka
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kume
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akaike
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012694:Serine / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D012694:Serine; D016202:N-Methylaspartate