title: Procedure incidence and in-hospital complication rates of bariatric surgery in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complication rates for bariatric surgery have been reported primarily from academic centers with specialized programs. The rates may not reflect those occurring in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) database maintained by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) was queried to determine the national incidence and complication rate for bariatric surgery as performed in the United States.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of bariatric procedures rapidly increased from 6,868 in 1996 to 45,473 in 2001, with most of the increase attributable to a very large rise in the annual number of Roux-en-Y gastric bypasses performed. The in-hospital complication rate was 9.6% and 8.6% of patients has a length of stay exceeding 7 days. Cholecystectomies were performed concurrently in 28% of cases and were not associated with increases in complication rates or longer hospital stays. For those undergoing surgery, the most common preoperative comorbid conditions were hypertension (34%), arthritis (27%), GERD (22%), sleep apnea (22%), and diabetes (18%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate at which bariatric procedures are being performed is rapidly increasing, resulting in the need to establish practice standards. In-house complication rates derived from a cross section of US practices compare favorably with those reported from specialized centers. Based on these nationally representative data, the expected in-house clinically significant complication rate for bariatric operations is approximately 10%. As that is the average complication rate observed nationally, it serves as the benchmark to which bariatric surgery programs can compare themselves.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastrointestinal and Endocrine Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and VA North Texas Health Care System, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Room E7-126, Dallas, TX 75390-9156, USA. edward.livingston@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Livingston
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015904:Biliopancreatic Diversion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States