title: Influence of multiple transrectal electroejaculations on semen parameters and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare semen parameters and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome in spinal cord-injured subjects who underwent single (group 1) or multiple (group 2) electroejaculations before ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of gynecology, obstetrics, and pediatric science in a reproductive medicine unit at a major Italian university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four healthy women with a male partner with SCI who were seeking assisted reproduction services.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transrectal electroejaculation, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, and ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sperm concentration, morphology, and motility and fertilization and pregnancy rates after ICSI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sperm was successfully retrieved in 94.1% of cases. In male subjects who underwent multiple electroejaculations, statistically significant improvements in sperm concentration and total sperm motility rate were observed. The overall fertilization rate was 63.6%. The number of oocytes retrieved and injected was comparable between the two groups. A total of nine clinical pregnancies were achieved. The pregnancy rate was statistically significantly higher in group 2 (n = 6/16; 37.5%) than in group 1 (n = 3/16; 18.75%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that multiple electroejaculation has a positive effect on semen parameters and ICSI outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecological, Obstetric and Paediatric Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giulini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.forename: Igael
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Madgar
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marsella
authors.forename: Annibale
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Aloysio
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Battaglia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004542:Ejaculation; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D012007:Rectum; D013076:Sperm Count; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*