title: A surgical rat model of human Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.
abstract: Obesity affects 30% of the United States population and its detrimental effects are obesity-related metabolic diseases. For patients refractory to conventional weight loss therapy, gastric bypass surgery is one of the proven methods for inducing a sustained weight loss and reversing the metabolic sequelae of obesity. To understand the mechanisms of weight loss and the amelioration of related metabolic comorbid conditions, a reproducible animal model is needed. We report our developmental experience with rat models of sequential Roux-en-Y gastric bypass after reproducing the diet-induced obesity that characterizes the hallmarks of human obesity. Four experiments were performed to induce weight reduction through successive modifications: In Experiment 1 a 20% stapled gastric pouch with a 16 cm biliary-pancreatic limb and a 10 cm alimentary limb accomplished sufficient weight loss within 10 days to ameliorate metabolic changes associated with obesity, but the occurrence of gastrogastric fistulas prevented sustained weight loss; in Experiment 2 the model was improved by dividing the stomach to avoid gastrogastric fistula, but again sustained weight loss was not achieved; in Experiment 3 the biliary-pancreatic limb was lengthened from 16 to 30 cm, reducing the common channel to approximately 18 cm. Sustained weight loss was achieved for 28 days. In Experiment 4 the model in Experiment 3 was modified by dividing the stomach between two rows of staples. Sustained weight loss was observed for 67 days. We developed a reproducible rat model of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The existence of this model opens a new field of research in which to study the metabolic sequelae of obesity and the mechanisms of weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Metabolism and Nutrition Laboratory, Neuroscience Program, Department of Surgery, University Hospital, and the Department of Animal Care, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA. meguidm@upstate.edu
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Meguid
authors.forename: Eduardo J B
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zachariah M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Undurti N
authors.initials: UN
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Chung
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: Paul R G
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000713:Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D051381:Rats; D015431:Weight Loss