Treatment of nonunited hindfoot fusions.
The management of delayed union and nonunion is complex and is contingent on appropriate diagnosis and classification. Detection techniques and treatment options, including cast immobilization, electrical stimulation, surgical repair, or a combination of regimens, are discussed in this article.
Mandracchia
Vincent J
VJ
Broadlawns Medical Center, 1801 Hickman Road, Des Moines, IA 50314, USA. vmandracchia@broadlawns.org
Nickles
W Ashton
WA
Mandi
Denise M
DM
Jaeger
Amy J
AJ
Sanders
Stephanie M
SM
D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017760:Bone Malalignment / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D006801:Humans; D012086:Reoperation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology