title: Midkine promoter-driven suicide gene expression and -mediated adenovirus replication produced cytotoxic effects to immortalised and tumour cells.
abstract: We examined possible application of a regulatory region of midkine (MK) gene, which is frequently upregulated in a number of human tumours but not in normal cells, to cancer gene therapy. We examined transcriptional activity of the MK genomic fragments in paired cell lines, immortalized cells and their parental normal fibroblasts, and found that the MK fragments activated a fused reporter or a suicide gene preferentially in the immortalized cells. Recombinant adenoviruses (Ad), in which the MK fragment was inserted upstream to the E1A gene (AdMK), replicated preferentially in the immortalized cells and were cytotoxie to them. Human hepatocellular carcinoma cells were significantly susceptible to AdMK compared with human normal fibroblasts in vitro and the replication of AdMK was less than that of wild-type Ad in the infected fibroblasts. Hepatocellular carcinoma cells infected with AdMK did not form tumours in immunocompromised mice and intratumoural injection of AdMK into the hepatocellular carcinoma developed in mice retarded the subsequent tumour growth. Expression of E1A and necrosis of tumours were detected in AdMK-injected but not control Ad-injected cases. The MK promoter-driven suicide gene therapy and -mediated replicative Ad can thereby produce cytotoxic effects to immortalized and tumour cells with minimal damage to normal cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717, Japan.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namba
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadomatsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tagawa
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000628:therapy; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D015870:Gene Expression; D041722:Genes, Transgenic, Suicide / Q000235:genetics*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D000078792:Midkine; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D000078792:Midkine