Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection induces the stabilization of p53 in a USP7- and ATM-independent manner.
The major oncoprotein p53 regulates several cellular antiproliferation pathways that can be triggered in response to a variety of cellular stresses, including viral infection. The stabilization of p53 is a key factor in the ability of cells to initiate an efficient transcriptional response after cellular stress. Here we present data demonstrating that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of HFFF-2 cells, a low-passage-number nontransformed human primary cell line, results in the stabilization of p53. This process required viral immediate-early gene expression but occurred independently of the viral regulatory protein ICP0 and viral DNA replication. No specific viral protein could be identified as being solely responsible for the effect, which appears to be a cellular response to developing HSV-1 infections. HSV-1 infection also induced the phosphorylation of p53 at residues Ser15 and Ser20, which have previously been implicated in its stabilization in response to DNA damage. However, an HSV-1 infection of ATM(-/-) cells, which lack a kinase implicated in these phosphorylation events, did not lead to the phosphorylation of p53 at these residues, but nonetheless p53 was stabilized. We also show that the wild-type p53 expressed by osteosarcoma U2OS cells can be stabilized in response to DNA damage induced by UV irradiation, but not in response to HSV-1 infection. These data suggest that multiple cellular mechanisms are initiated to stabilize p53 during an HSV-1 infection. These mechanisms occur independently of ICP0 and its ability to sequester USP7 and may differ from those initiated in response to DNA damage.
Boutell
Chris
C
Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom.
Everett
Roger D
RD
D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004249:DNA Damage; D004261:DNA Replication; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000502:physiology*; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D000076084:Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C057120:ICP27 protein, human herpesvirus 1; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C048925:herpes simplex virus, type 1 protein ICP4; D003513:Cycloheximide; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C051804:Vmw110 protein, Human herpesvirus 1; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D010450:Endopeptidases; C464569:USP7 protein, human; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; D000076084:Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7