title: Anti-basal ganglia antibodies in patients with atypical dystonia and tics: a prospective study.
abstract: Anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA) are associated with movement disorders in children, but have not been assessed in adult onset movement disorders. In a prospective assessment ABGA were positive in 65% of a group of 65 patients with atypical movement disorders, but were very rare in healthy adults and adults with idiopathic dystonia. An autoimmune mechanism may underlie a proportion of cases of atypical movement disorders.
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, UK.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trikouli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozi
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schrag
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giovannoni
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000276:immunology*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000276:immunology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020323:Tics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies