title: Neural maturation of breastfed and formula-fed infants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human milk provides infants with a full complement of all polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA). Formula milks only contain the precursors of DHA, AA and linoleic acid, and hence formula-fed infants must synthesize their own DHA and AA.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of feeding--whether breastfeeding or formula-feeding--in early infancy upon subsequent neurodevelopment and achievement of optimum brain function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 53 normal, healthy infants (30 exclusively breastfed infants and 23 exclusively formula-fed infants) at the age of 1 y (+/-1 mo). Each infant was subjected to a full physical and neurological examination together with neurophysiological studies including flash visual evoked potential (FVEP), brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant prolongation of P100 wave latency of FVEP in formula-fed infants, together with significant prolongation of absolute latency of waves I, III and V of BAEP in formula-fed infants compared with breastfed infants. There was significant prolongation in inter-peak latencies between cortical and Erb's components in formula-fed infants compared with breastfed infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We can conclude that VEP, BAEP and SSEP are more mature in breastfed infants relative to formula-fed infants at 1 y of age, and thus breast milk helps earlier development and maturation of some aspects of the nervous system than milk formulas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Hospital, Assiut, Egypt.
authors.forename: E M H
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Khedr
authors.forename: W M A
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Farghaly
authors.forename: S el-Din
authors.initials: Sel-D
authors.lastname: Amry
authors.forename: A A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Osman
mesh_terms: D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory / Q000187:drug effects*; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids