title: Therapeutic vaccines for chronic infections.
abstract: Therapeutic vaccines aim to prevent severe complications of a chronic infection by reinforcing host defenses when some immune control, albeit insufficient, can already be demonstrated and when a conventional antimicrobial therapy either is not available or has limited efficacy. We focus on the rationale and challenges behind this still controversial strategy and provide examples from three major chronic infectious diseases- human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus-for which the efficacy of therapeutic vaccines is currently being evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire and INSERM Unit 543, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pitié-Salpétrière, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France. brigitte.autran@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Autran
authors.forename: Guislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carcelain
authors.forename: Béhazine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Combadiere
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Debre
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines