title: Effects of hyperglycemia, glucagon, and epinephrine on renal glucose release in the conscious dog.
abstract: The role of renal glucose production after an overnight fast and in response to different hormonal conditions has been debated. The aim of this study was to determine whether hyperglycemia, glucagon, or epinephrine can affect renal glucose production. In 18-hour fasted conscious dogs a pancreatic clamp initially fixed insulin and glucagon at basal levels, following which 1 of 4 protocols was instituted. In G+E glucagon (1.5 ng. kg(-1). min(-1); portally) and epinephrine (50 ng. kg(-1). min(-1); peripherally) were increased, in G glucagon was increased alone, in E epinephrine was increased alone, and in C neither were increased. In G, E, and C, glucose was infused to match the hyperglycemia in G+E (approximately 250 mg/dL). The average net renal glucose output during the last 2 hours was not different from the basal values in any group. Furthermore, the changes in unidirectional renal glucose production were not significantly different among groups. Therefore, after an overnight fast in the conscious dog, the kidneys do not significantly contribute to overall glucose production or respond to glucagon or epinephrine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gustavson
authors.forename: Chang An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Doss
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neal
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: E Patrick
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flakoll
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cherrington
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose; D004837:Epinephrine