title: Relationships between metal concentrations in great tit nestlings and their environment and food.
abstract: Metal concentrations (Ag, As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) were determined in the feathers and excreta of nestling great tits (Parus major), in their main invertebrate prey (Lepidoptera larvae) and in vegetation samples, all collected from four sites along a pollution gradient. Metal contamination in vegetation samples increased significantly towards the pollution source. The Ag, As, Hg, Ni and Pb concentrations in food samples were significantly higher at the site closest to the pollution source compared to the other three sites. Great tit nestlings from the site closest to the pollution source had significantly higher concentrations of Ag, As, Hg and Pb in their excreta than did nestlings at the other three sites. For five metals (Ag, As, Cu, Ni and Pb), we found concentrations in caterpillars to be significantly positively correlated with vegetation samples. We also found clear significant positive correlations between excreta and caterpillars for Ag, As, Hg and Pb and between feathers and caterpillars for As and Pb. Our data suggest that excreta are a good monitor for the presence and concentrations of non-essential metals in the food and the environment of passerine birds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. tom.dauwe@ua.ac.be
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dauwe
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.forename: Lieven
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bervoets
authors.forename: Ronny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Blust
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eens
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007814:Larva; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000737:chemistry; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D020308:Songbirds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy