title: In vitro pharmacological inhibition of human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation for the prevention of hemodialysis vascular access stenosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular access for chronic hemodialysis often fails as a result of stenosis caused primarily by the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Various drugs have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of VSMC under different conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we compared the inhibitory effect of ten drugs on the proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) in culture. Quiescent cells were cultured in the presence of growth factors, fetal bovine serum and incremental concentrations of the test drug. Cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT reduction assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aspirin, enalaprilat, heparin, hydroxyurea, indomethacin and tirofiban were ineffective. While dipyridamole, paclitaxel, tranilast and verapamil inhibited cell proliferation, the concentrations required were significantly higher than the clinical plasma levels achieved after systemic administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local delivery of these drugs to the target site may therefore be a more effective and appropriate strategy for the prevention of hemodialysis vascular access stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. takahisa.masaki@hsc.utah.edu
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Craig D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kamerath
authors.forename: Seung-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Leypoldt
authors.forename: Syed F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: Alfred K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001011:Aorta; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000473:pathology*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents