title: Nitric oxide donor induces temporal and dose-dependent reduction of gene expression in human endothelial cells.
abstract: The present study tested the hypothesis that acute increases in nitric oxide (NO) exert substantial influences on gene transcription in endothelial cells (ECs) via guanylyl cyclase (GC). Human umbilical veins ECs (HUVECs) were exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 mM of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for 4 h and to 1 mM SNP or 250 microM of (Z)-1[N-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DETA-NONOate) for 2, 4, 8, and 24 h. Also, cells were exposed to DETA-NONOate in the presence and absence of the GC inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 10 microM) for 4 h. RNA was isolated, reverse transcribed, Cy3 and Cy5 labeled, and analyzed using cDNA microarrays. Increasing doses of SNP predominantly depressed gene expression in HUVECs. Gene function was related to growth, adhesion, and cell structure. DETA-NONOate evoked a wave of expression changes (maximum at 4 h), with a remarkable downregulation of the transcription factors MSX1, RELB, and Egr-1. Both SNP- and DETA-NONOate-induced gene expression had faded after 24 h, despite continued elevation of cGMP in the medium. Coadministration of ODQ decreased many, but not all, of the transcriptional responses to DETA-NONOate. NO pronouncedly depressed EC gene expression, in particular of transcription factors. The observation that many, but not all, transcriptional changes induced by NO could be inhibited by inhibition of GC indicates the presence of GC-independent NO actions on gene expression. Thus EC gene expression responds to NO; however, the transcriptional response fades during prolonged exposure. This could allow the EC to respond to increased shear, without vigorous changes in gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nephrology and Hypertension, F03.226, Univ. Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. g.b.braam@azu.nl
authors.forename: Branko
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Braam
authors.forename: Remmert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Roos
authors.forename: Adele
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dijk
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: Jan Andries
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Post
authors.forename: Patrick P C W
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Kemmeren
authors.forename: Frank C P
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Holstege
authors.forename: Hans A R
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Bluysen
authors.forename: Hein A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Koomans
mesh_terms: D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C095284:1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D011810:Quinoxalines; C094210:2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine; D009599:Nitroprusside; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase