title: Virtual endoscopy of the nasopharynx in the evaluation of its normal anatomy and alterations due to lymphoid hyperplasia: preliminary report.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of virtual endoscopy in establishing the anatomic appearance of nasopharynx, both normal and affected by lymphoid hyperplasia. Thirty-seven patients affected by chronic rhinosinusal and otomastoid pathology, all studied by rhinoscopy, were examined with multislice computed tomography (CT) and virtual endoscopy of the nasopharynx. Rhinoscopy showed a completely normal nasopharynx in 15 cases and a variable grade of lymphoid hypertrophy in 22 patients. A general agreement was observed between traditional and virtual endoscopy findings in both subgroups. The tasca of Luschka was detected in 13/15 of normal subjects and only in 3/22 patients. The Rosenmuller fossae appeared deeper in normal subjects and their symmetry could be considered an important criterion of normality. In all cases, a good evaluation of the tubaric ostium was obtained. Differentiation between hyperplasic lymphoid tissue and neoplasms is possible only in lymphoid hyperplasia characterized by median crest-like swelling with a narrow base. In most cases, differential diagnosis cannot be based only on morphological criteria of virtual endoscopy, but it should be evaluated considering the overall CT findings and clinical presentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria-Gazzi, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Ignazio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pandolfo
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mazziotti
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ascenti
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinci
authors.forename: Ignazio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salamone
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colletti
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blandino
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008417:Mastoiditis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010031:Otitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019310:Pseudolymphoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014584:User-Computer Interface