title: Gene expression alterations in prostate cancer predicting tumor aggression and preceding development of malignancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The incidence of prostate cancer is frequent, occurring in almost one-third of men older than 45 years. Only a fraction of the cases reach the stages displaying clinical significance. Despite the advances in our understanding of prostate carcinogenesis and disease progression, our knowledge of this disease is still fragmented. Identification of the genes and patterns of gene expression will provide a more cohesive picture of prostate cancer biology.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we performed a comprehensive gene expression analysis on 152 human samples including prostate cancer tissues, prostate tissues adjacent to tumor, and organ donor prostate tissues, obtained from men of various ages, using the Affymetrix (Santa Clara, CA) U95a, U95b, and U95c chip sets (37,777 genes and expression sequence tags).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results confirm an alteration of gene expression in prostate cancer when comparing with nontumor adjacent prostate tissues. However, our study also indicates that the gene expression pattern in tissues adjacent to cancer is so substantially altered that it resembles a cancer field effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We also found that gene expression patterns can be used to predict the aggressiveness of prostate cancer using a novel model.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Yan Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Landsittel
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jing
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Baoguo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dhir
authors.forename: Sydney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Finkelstein
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Michalopoulos
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Becich
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology