title: A new significant and independent risk factor for falls in elderly men and women: a low creatinine clearance of less than 65 ml/min.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because impaired renal function is detrimental for the conversion of calcidiol to calcitriol (D-hormone) and since D-hormone analogues have been shown to decrease the risk of falls, we investigated whether creatinine clearance (CrCl) is associated with the number of fallers and falls in elderly men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Within a randomized controlled study, we observed for 36 weeks 186 placebo-treated community-dwelling elderly men and women over 70, in an attempt to determine the influence of baseline CrCl on calcitropic hormone serum levels, as well as the influence of baseline CrCl on the number of fallers and falls over time. With the help of questionnaires, we regularly assessed fall incidence and frequency. The risk of falls and the risk of becoming a faller were assessed in multivariate-controlled logistic regression models according to a cutoff value of the CrCl set at 65 ml/min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, serum levels of 1.25(OH)(2)D(3) and iPTH were, in multivariate-controlled analyses, significantly associated with CrCl (p<0.0001, p=0.001, respectively), whereas serum levels of 25(OH)D(3) were not associated with CrCl. Below a CrCl of 65 ml/min, 1.25(OH)(2)D(3) serum levels steadily declined. We therefore chose a CrCl of 65 ml/min as cutoff for further analyses. During the 36 weeks of observation, elderly people with a CrCl of < 65 ml/min had, in multivariate controlled analyses, compared with elderly with a CrCl of > or =65 ml/min, a significantly higher incidence of number of fallers (25/70 vs 21/116; OR=4.01; 95% CI, 1.48-10.98; p=0.006), and a significantly higher incidence of falls (28/70 vs 23/116; OR=3.68; 95% CI, 1.38-9.82; p=0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time we showed that in a community-dwelling population of elderly men and women, a CrCl of less than 65 ml/min is a significant and independent risk factor for fallers and falls.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric University Clinic, Kantonsspital, Ambulatorium Wiesendamm, Wiesendamm 22, 4057 Basel, Switzerland. l.d@gmx.net
authors.forename: Laurent C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Dukas
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schacht
authors.forename: Ze'ev
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mazor
authors.forename: Hannes B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Stähelin
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D000368:Aged; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability
chemical_list: D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols; D003404:Creatinine; D002117:Calcitriol