Does the declining prevalence of Helicobacter pylori unmask patients with idiopathic peptic ulcer disease? Trends over an 8 year period.
OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have suggested that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with ulcer disease who were not using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been overestimated. The decreasing prevalence of H. pylori could lead to a relative increase in the number of patients with this idiopathic peptic ulcer disease (IPUD). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of IPUD and any possible trends.


METHODS
The reports of all upper gastro-intestinal endoscopies performed in a Dutch regional hospital over the period 1991 to 1998 were reviewed. If a gastric and/or duodenal ulcer had been diagnosed, data concerning possible H. pylori infection (culture, histology, rapid in-house urease test) were retrieved. If H. pylori tests were negative, hospital files were examined for possible use of NSAIDs or other rare causes of ulcer disease. When these were not found, stored biopsy specimens were tested for H. heilmanii by using the polymerase chain reaction technique.


RESULTS
Ulcer disease was diagnosed in 405 patients who had undergone endoscopy (159 with gastric ulcer, 235 with duodenal ulcer, and 11 with both gastric and duodenal ulcer). H. pylori infection was found in 349 of these patients (86.2%). Thirty-three of the 56 H. pylori negative patients used NSAIDs and three patients had Crohn's disease, leaving 20 patients with IPUD (4.9%, 12 gastric ulcer and eight duodenal ulcer). Time trends over the study period showed a decrease of H. pylori associated peptic ulcer disease (P <0.002) and an increase of NSAID associated peptic ulcer disease (P <0.0005). The prevalence of IPUD remained stable (P=0.978).


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of patients with H. pylori negative ulcer disease significantly decreased in our study population due to an increase in the number of patients with NSAID associated peptic ulcer disease. IPUD was rare and its prevalence did not increase over a period of 8 years.
Arents
Nicolaas L A
NL
Regional Public Health Laboratory, Groningen/Drenthe, Department of Gastroenterology, Bethesda Hospital, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands. n.l.a.arents@mmb.azg.nl
Thijs
Jacob C
JC
van Zwet
Anton A
AA
Kleibeuker
Jan H
JH
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal