title: Defective enamel ultrastructure in diabetic rodents.
abstract: We investigated six different types of diabetic rodents. Four expressed a genetic obesity resulting in diabetes. One developed diabetes induced by a diet-dependent obesity, and one with genetic diabetes received anti-diabetic medication. The tooth samples were examined under a scanning electron microscope and with an energy dispersive microanalysis (EDX). The electron micrographs showed severe, varying degrees of damage within the six different diabetic animal types, such as irregular crystallite deposition and prism perforations in genetically obese animals compared to less-disordered prism structures in diet-dependent obesity. Anti-diabetic medication resulted in normal enamel ultrastructure. The EDX analysis revealed a reduction in the amount of calcium and phosphorus in all regions affected by diabetes. Based on these animal studies, we suggest that both juvenile diabetes type I (in infants) and adult diabetes type II (in pregnant mothers, affecting the developing foetus) may affect the normal development of teeth in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electron Microscopy, Institute of Anatomy of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. atardrs@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atar
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Atar-Zwillenberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verry
authors.forename: U M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Spornitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium