title: Involvement of iNOS-dependent NO production in the stimulation of osteoclast survival by TNF-alpha.
abstract: Osteoclasts, cells primarily responsible for bone resorption, differentiate from hematopoietic progenitor cells under the influence of various hormones, cytokines, and differentiation factors. Once fully differentiated, osteoclasts rapidly die in the absence of any survival factor. We have previously shown that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) promotes the survival of differentiated osteoclasts. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and consequent NO production is often stimulated under inflammatory conditions. In this study, we found that TNF-alpha, but not receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand and interleukin 1, increased the expression of iNOS both at the mRNA and protein levels. Subsequently, an enhanced NO level was detected both inside the cells and the culture medium of TNF-alpha-stimulated osteoclasts. Blocking NOS activity with L-NAME prevented TNF-alpha-induced NO generation by osteoclasts and the osteoclast survival stimulated by TNF-alpha. The iNOS selective inhibitor L-NIL also suppressed TNF-alpha-induced osteoclast survival, whereas low concentrations of NO releaser NOC-18 were sufficient to promote osteoclast survival. Furthermore, antiapoptotic and caspase suppressive effects of TNF-alpha on osteoclasts were abolished by L-NAME. Our findings indicate that iNOS-dependent NO generation contributes to the survival-promoting function of TNF-alpha in osteoclasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Ku
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Soo Woong
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Keun
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun-Man
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Zang Hee
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hong-Hee
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020169:Caspases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D020169:Caspases