title: [Bispectral index monitoring in fast track pediatric cardiac surgery].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the changes in the bispectral index (BIS) as a potential indicator of level of consciousness in infants and children undergoing fast track cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one children undergoing fast track cardiac surgery were recruited into this study. Anesthesia was maintained with inhaled sevoflurane and intravenous fentanyl 10 microg x kg(-1). Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with mild hypothermia and an immediate tracheal extubation protocol were used. BIS was recorded throughout the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In average, BIS was kept almost under 70 with 0.5-3.0% of sevoflurane. During rewarming from mild hypothermia, BIS increased temporarily over 70 in about a half of children. We, therefore, treated them by increasing sevoflurane concentration. Nineteen children were extubated in the operating room, and two patients were extubated in ICU within three hours after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BIS was kept within the level of adequate sedation during surgery. However, since the increase in BIS during the rewarming phase could reflect light anesthesia, caution should be taken around this phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 288-8555.
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Hirotsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suwa
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asou
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoka
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003243:Consciousness / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005283:Fentanyl; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D005283:Fentanyl