title: Carboplatin pharmacokinetics following a single-dose infusion in sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the pharmacokinetics of carboplatin in sulphur-crested cockatoos, so that its use in clinical studies in birds can be considered.
  
  
  METHODS
  A pharmacokinetic study of carboplatin, following a single intravenous (IV) or intraosseus (IO) infusion over 3 min, was performed in six healthy sulphur-crested cockatoos (Cacatua galerita).
  
  
  METHODS
  Birds were anaesthetised and a jugular vein cannulated for blood collection. Carboplatin (5 mg/kg) was infused over 3 min by the IV route in four birds via the contralateral jugular vein, and by the IO route in two birds via the ulna. Serial blood samples were collected for 96 h after initiation of the infusion. Tissue samples from 11 organs were obtained at necropsy, 96 h after carboplatin administration. Total Pt and filterable Pt in plasma and tissue Pt concentrations were assayed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. A noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed on the plasma data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD for the Cmax of filterable Pt was 27.3 +/- 4.06 mg/L and in all six birds occurred at the end of the 3 min infusion, thenceforth declining exponentially over the next 6 h to an average concentration of 0.128 +/- 0.065 mg/L. The terminal half-life (T1/2) was 1.0 +/- 0.17 h, the systemic clearance (CI) was 5.50 +/- 1.06 mL/min/kg and the volume of distribution (Vss) was 0.378 +/- 0.073 L/kg. The extrapolated area under the curve (AUC0-x) was 0.903 +/- 0.127 mg/mL x min; the area extrapolated past the last (6 h) data point to infinite time averaged only 1.25% of the total AUC0-x. The kidneys had the greatest accumulation of Pt (7.04 +/- 3.006 microg/g), followed by the liver (3.08 +/- 1.785 microg/g DM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carboplatin infusion in sulphur-crested cockatoos produced mild, transient alimentary tract signs and the Pt plasma concentration was similar whether carboplatin was given intravenously or intraosseously. Filterable plasma Pt concentrations for carboplatin persisted longer than for cisplatin, due mostly to the difference in systemic clearance between these drugs in sulphur-crested cockatoos. The distribution of tissue Pt after carboplatin administration was similar to that reported for cisplatin in sulphur-crested cockatoos. Despite anatomical, physiological and biochemical differences among animal species, the pharmacokinetic disposition of filterable Pt in the sulphur-crested cockatoo shares some features with the kinetics reported previously in other animals and human beings.
authors.affiliation: The University of Queensland, Queensland, 4072.
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Filippich
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bucher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D017148:Infusions, Intraosseous / Q000662:veterinary; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D011563:Psittaciformes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016190:Carboplatin