title: Speech-in-noise perception in high-functioning individuals with autism or Asperger's syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High-functioning individuals with autism (HFA) or Asperger's syndrome (AS) commonly report difficulties understanding speech in situations where there is background speech or noise. The objective of this study was threefold: (1) to verify the validity of these reports; (2) to quantify the difficulties experienced; and (3) to propose possible mechanisms to explain the perceptual deficits described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Speech-in-noise perception abilities were measured using speech reception thresholds (SRTs), defined as the speech-to-noise ratio (SNR) at which approximately 50% of the speech is correctly identified. SRTs were measured for 11 individuals with HFA/AS and 9 age/IQ-matched normal-hearing control subjects, using an adaptive procedure, in a non-reverberant sound-attenuating chamber. The speech materials were standardised lists of everyday sentences spoken by a British male speaker. The background sounds were: (1) a single female talker; (2) a steady speech-shaped noise; (3) a speech-shaped noise with temporal dips; (4) a steady speech-shaped noise with regularly spaced spectral dips; and (5) a speech-shaped noise with temporal and spectral dips.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SRTs for the HFA/AS group were generally higher (worse) than those for the controls, across the five background sounds. A statistically significant difference in SRTs between the subject groups was found only for those background sounds that contained temporal or spectro-temporal dips. SRTs for the HFA/AS individuals were 2 to 3.5 dB higher than for the controls, equivalent to a substantial decrease in speech recognition. Expressed another way, the HFA/AS individuals required a higher SNR, whenever there were temporal dips in the background sound, to perform at the same level as the controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the speech-in-noise perception difficulties experienced by individuals with autism may be due, in part, to a reduced ability to integrate information from glimpses present in the temporal dips in the noise.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK. jia10@cus.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: José I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Alcántara
authors.forename: Emma J L
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Weisblatt
authors.forename: Brian C J
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Patrick F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Bolton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020817:Asperger Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise; D013067:Speech Perception; D013069:Speech Reception Threshold Test; D014888:Wechsler Scales