title: The effect of clarithromycin on inflammatory markers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: preliminary data.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clarithromycin is an antimicrobial agent that can be used for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations with bronchodilator therapy. However, it has also been shown that clarithromycin has antiinflammatory effects by the inhibition of cytokine production.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antiinflammatory effect of clarithromycin on serum and sputum interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and leukotriene B4 levels in patients with COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty men with mild to moderate COPD were enrolled in this prospective, single-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. None of the patients was receiving systemic or inhaled corticosteroids during the study. Subjects received either clarithromycin or placebo for 14 days. Before and after this treatment period, spirometric tests and arterial blood gas analysis were performed, blood was drawn for measurement of serum inflammatory markers, and sputum was induced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no statistically significant differences in baseline clinical or laboratory parameters between the groups. After the treatment, the induced sputum total cell counts, and IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels decreased significantly in the clarithromycin group compared with pretreatment levels (mean +/- SD IL-8 1606 +/- 367.3 vs 882 +/- 143.6 pg/mL, p = 0.001; TNF-alpha 638.2 +/- 287.5 vs 390 +/- 235 pg/mL, p = 0.001). Similarly, decreases in serum inflammatory markers were found in the clarithromycin group while there was no significant change in the placebo group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that the decrease in IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels might be related to the antiinflammatory effect of clarithromycin. Thus, we suggest that the use of clarithromycin in COPD exacerbations may either treat the infection or help control the inflammation. Future studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
authors.affiliation: Chest Disease Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey. dr_basyigit@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ilknur
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Basyigit
authors.forename: Fusun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Sevgiye Kacar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ozkara
authors.forename: Elif
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Hasim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boyaci
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilgazli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013183:Sputum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D017291:Clarithromycin