title: Clinical and basic research on occipito-cervico-dorsal flaps: including a study of the anatomical territories of dorsal trunk vessels.
abstract: The authors have carried out a clinical study of all the patients who underwent reconstructions with occipito-cervico-dorsal flaps in their department between 1994 and 2003 and analyzed the outcomes of the surgery. The reconstructed areas ranged from the cheek to the anterior chest. Twenty-eight cases underwent reconstruction with microvascular augmented occipito-cervico-dorsal flaps, and four were reconstructed with single pedicle occipito-cervico-dorsal flaps. In five cases, distal partial necrosis was observed. The largest flap size was 43 x 23 cm (5 x 5-cm pedicle). In the microvascular augmented occipito-cervico-dorsal flaps, the circumflex scapular artery and veins were used in 28 cases, and dorsal intercostal perforators were used together with circumflex scapular artery and veins in five cases. The follow-up term was between 1 and 8 years. Neck scar contractures were released in all cases, and good results were obtained not only functionally but also aesthetically. In an anatomical study, the authors used 20 preserved cadavers and took angiograms of the dorsal region. Five cadavers were used to confirm the territory of each of the vessels that have close relations to the occipito-cervico-dorsal flap (the occipital artery, transverse cervical artery, circumflex scapular artery, and dorsal intercostal perforator artery). Each anatomical territory was clearly seen and its area identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. r.ogawa@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Hiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hyakusoku
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Jian-Hua
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography; D001158:Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002648:Child; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D003286:Contracture / Q000601:surgery*; D005145:Face / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000098:blood supply; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012535:Scalp / Q000098:blood supply; D012782:Shoulder / Q000098:blood supply; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D035441:Thoracic Wall / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery