title: Human albumin and starch administration in critically ill patients: a prospective randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether intravenous infusion of either human albumin or hydroxyethyl-starch (HES) in hypo-albuminemic critically ill may lead to an increase in colloid osmotic pressure and to a better clinical outcome, i.e. lower mortality and fewer complications, compared to fluid replacement with normal saline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial during 72 hours in 61 consecutively admitted severely ill patients. Randomisation took place by sealed envelope, kept outside of the hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care unit of the Twenteborg Hospital, Almelo, The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three severely ill, hypo-albuminemic patients were selected; 27 patients had severe sepsis and 36 were post-surgical patients with SIRS. Two patients died shortly after randomization, 15 patients received human albumin, 15 HES 500 and 15 HES 1000 ml, and 16 saline.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were randomized to receive 300 ml human albumin (20%) per day, or 1000 ml normal saline per day, or 500 ml or 1000 ml HES per day, all for 72 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary outcome was plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP). Secondary endpoints were fluid balance and the development of pulmonary edema.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of human albumin was effective in raising COP (P<0.001 on day 2 and day 3, compared to saline and HES). Neither fluid balances nor the development of peripheral or pulmonary edema were different between the groups. Mortality as well as length of stay at ICU were slightly higher in the group receiving human albumin, although not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raising colloid osmotic pressure with human albumin in hypoalbuminemic patients is not associated with improvement of the clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Twenteborg Hospital, Almelo, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thiemo F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Veneman
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oude Nijhuis
authors.forename: Arend J J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Woittiez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D034141:Hypoalbuminemia / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D020896:Hypovolemia / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D009426:Netherlands; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010952:Plasma Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006895:Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012965:Sodium Chloride