title: Computer-supported phonological awareness intervention for kindergarten children with specific language impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present study was to determine whether kindergarten children with specific language impairment (SLI) could develop phonological awareness skills through computer intervention and whether speech manipulation (i.e., slowing speech rate and enhancing transitions) in instruction produced additional learning.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of a computer-supported phonological awareness program on a variety of items, including word analysis, syllable analysis, rhyme, phoneme analysis, syllable synthesis, and phoneme synthesis, were tested following a pretest-posttest 1-posttest 2 design. Twenty-four kindergarten children with SLI in the Netherlands received 3.5 hr of phonological awareness intervention via a computer program using either normal speech (12 children) or manipulated speech (12 children). A control group of 12 kindergarten children with SLI played computer vocabulary games.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed positive effects of the intervention for the normal speech group. Eighteen weeks later, the effect size was still substantial; however, no additional effects of speech manipulation were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that kindergarten children with SLI benefit from computer intervention for phonological awareness skills.
authors.affiliation: University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. e.segers@ped.kun.nl
authors.forename: Eliane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Segers
authors.forename: Ludo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001364:Awareness; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D007807:Language Tests; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D012984:Software; D016896:Treatment Outcome