title: Upregulation of the viability of nucleus pulposus cells by bone marrow-derived stromal cells: significance of direct cell-to-cell contact in coculture system.
abstract: METHODS
  Upregulation of the viability of nucleus pulposus cells by coculture with bone marrow-derived stromal cells using a novel culture system.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to apply a novel coculture system having direct cell-to-cell contact between nucleus pulposus cells and bone marrow-derived stromal cells for stimulation of nucleus pulposus cells.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Reinsertion of nucleus pulposus cells was effective for treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. However, obtaining highly viable nucleus pulposus cells was necessary to achieve successful results. Thus, an alternative method to upregulate the biologic and metabolic viabilities of nucleus pulposus cells was desired.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nucleus pulposus cells and bone marrow-derived stromal cells were isolated from New Zealand white rabbits. A 6-well culture plate and insert with track-etched membrane having 0.4 microm pores at the bottom were used for coculture. Nucleus pulposus cells were monocultured, cocultured conventionally (having no direct cell-to-cell contact) with bone marrow-derived stromal cells, or cocultured having direct cell-to-cell contact with bone marrow-derived stromal cells. On day 4 of coculture, nucleus pulposus cells were evaluated for proliferation using WST-8 assay, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by measuring [H]-thymidine uptake, and proteoglycan synthesis by measuring [S]-sulfate uptake. We also quantified cytokines in supernatants from the culture system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell proliferation, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, and proteoglycan synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells were significantly upregulated in samples cocultured having direct cell-to-cell contact. Moreover, evaluations of supernatants revealed that growth factors associated with proliferation and cellular metabolism of nucleus pulposus cells were increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Direct cell-to-cell contact in coculture system between nucleus pulposus cells and bone marrow-derived stromal cells accomplished significant upregulation in viability of nucleus pulposus cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mochida
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: Tomomitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hotta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002450:Cell Communication; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004261:DNA Replication; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011817:Rabbits; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D011509:Proteoglycans