title: Aberrant methylation of p14(ARF), p15(INK4b) and p16(INK4a) genes and location of the primary site in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: Aberrant methylation of cytosines in CpG islands of the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes is found in human tumors as a common mechanism of gene silencing. We investigated the methylation status of the chromosome 9p21 gene cluster (p14(ARF), p15(INK4b) and p16(INK4a) genes) by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 20 central and 40 peripheral types of pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) in order to determine the differences between the pathogeneses of the central and peripheral types of SqCC. The frequencies of methylation were 30% for the p14(ARF) gene, 20% for the p15(INK4b) gene and 40% for the p16(INK4a) gene in the central type and 25% for the p14(ARF) gene, 10% for the p15(INK4b) gene and 38% for the p16(INK4a) gene in the peripheral type. Cases in which there was methylation of the p16(INK4a) gene had a higher smoking index in the peripheral type (P = 0.007). This trend was not detected in the central type. Methylation of two or three genes was observed in 55% of methylation in at least one gene of the central type but in only 17% of the peripheral type. This overlap methylation of the chromosome 9p21 gene cluster was found more frequently in the central type (P = 0.02). These findings suggest one of the epigenetic differences between the central and peripheral types of SqCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Furonaka
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Awaya
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Nobuoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Kouki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000378:metabolism; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493966:CDKN2B protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050762:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p15; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase