title: Ibuprofen vs. acetaminophen vs. ibuprofen and acetaminophen after arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The analgesic potency of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen are still being debated. We have assessed the relative analgesic effect of ibuprofen, acetaminophen or the combination of both after orthopaedic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one ASA I patients, scheduled for an elective anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under general anaesthesia were randomized, in a double blind fashion, into one of three groups. The ibuprofen group (n = 17) received ibuprofen 800 mg orally 1 h before operation and again at 6 and 12 h after the initial dose. The acetaminophen group (n = 20) received of acetaminophen 1 g orally at the same time intervals. The combination group (n = 24) received both ibuprofen 800 mg and acetaminophen 1 g. Surgery was performed under general anaesthesia with propofol and fentanyl for induction and maintenance with propofol and nitrous oxide in oxygen. The patients were monitored for 24 h thereafter, and the following variables were assessed: pain by visual analogue and verbal scales, need for rescue intravenous opioid analgesia (i.e. ketobemidone) and adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ibuprofen group and the combination group experienced significantly less pain during the first 6 h after surgery than the acetaminophen group using the visual analogue and the verbal scales. The acetaminophen group also had a significantly higher average consumption of opioids during the first 6 and 24 h. There were no significant differences between the ibuprofen group and the combination group in respect of experienced pain or consumption of rescue analgesia. The incidence of side-effects, postoperative haemoglobin concentration and renal function, judged by creatinine clearance, were identical between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ibuprofen 800 mg thrice daily reduced pain to a greater degree than acetaminophen 1 g thrice daily, after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction under general anaesthesia. The combination of acetaminophen and ibuprofen did not provide any superior analgesic effect.
authors.affiliation: Volvat Medical Centre, Department of Anesthesia, Oslo, Norway. dr.dahl@online.no
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dybvik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steen
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Aune
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Rosenlund
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Raeder
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000082:Acetaminophen; D007052:Ibuprofen