title: Predictors of paralysis in the rheumatoid cervical spine in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rheumatoid arthritis is sometimes associated with radiographic evidence of instability of the cervical spine, most commonly an abnormal subluxation between vertebrae. When this instability compromises the space that is available for the spinal cord, it may be predictive of paralysis. However, the prevalence of radiographic signs of instability that are predictive of paralysis among patients with nonspinal orthopaedic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiographs of the cervical spine of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had undergone total joint arthroplasty over a five-year period were retrospectively reviewed. The radiographs were evaluated for predictors of paralysis (a posterior atlantodental interval of <14 mm or a subaxial space available for the cord measuring <14 mm) and were compared with traditional parameters of instability (an anterior atlantodental interval of >3 mm or subaxial subluxation of >3 mm).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine of the sixty-five patients who were identified had flexion and extension lateral radiographs available for review. Only one of these patients had a posterior atlantodental interval of <14 mm, and only three had a space available for the cord that measured <14 mm at one level or more. In comparison, twenty patients had radiographic evidence of instability on the basis of traditional parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although nearly one-half of the patients in the present study had radiographic evidence of cervical instability on the basis of traditional measurements, only four patients (8%) had a radiographic finding that was predictive of paralysis. Thus, while radiographic evidence of cervical instability was not infrequent in this population of patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis, radiographic predictors of paralysis were much less common.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
authors.forename: Jonathan N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Grauer
authors.forename: Edwin M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tingstad
authors.forename: Nahshon
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rand
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.forename: Alan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hilibrand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010243:Paralysis / Q000209:etiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors