title: Prevalence of extraesophageal reflux in patients with symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of extraesophageal reflux (EER) in patients with heartburn, posterior laryngitis (PL), and in healthy controls. Study design and setting A retrospective and prospective study including a total of 101 subjects who underwent 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  52% of the subjects with heartburn had EER. No significant differences were found between the PL and heartburn groups for any pharyngeal reflux parameters. However, supine pharyngeal reflux was significantly more prevalent in heartburn patients with GERD than in PL patients and healthy controls (P < 0.05). Significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) was found between the percentage of time pH <4 in the pharynx and in the distal esophagus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EER occurs in the majority of heartburn patients who are lacking laryngeal symptoms. Abnormal distal esophageal acid exposure makes the occurrence of EER more likely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EER appears to be a continuum without clear-cut differences between the groups.
authors.affiliation: Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. riitta.h.ylitalo@klinvet.ki.se
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ylitalo
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramel
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hammarlund
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindgren
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006356:Heartburn / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007827:Laryngitis / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies