title: Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic assessment of tolerance to central nervous system effects of a 3 mg sustained release tablet of rilmenidine in hypertensive patients.
abstract: Previous single-dose studies have shown clear blood pressure-lowering effects of a potential sustained release (SR) profile of rilmenidine, with concentration-dependent effects on the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential changes in concentration-effect-relationships for these central nervous system effects during a 4-week treatment period with an experimental SR formulation of rilmenidine 3 mg once daily in 15 mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients. The central nervous system effects of the treatment were evaluated using saccadic eye movements for sedative effects and visual analogue scales for subjective effects on alertness, mood and calmness. Measurements for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations were performed on the first day of the treatment period and repeated after 1 week and 4 weeks of treatment. Drug concentrations increased during the study, whereas treatment related reductions in saccadic peak velocity (SPV) remained similar on all three study days. The slopes of the concentration-effect-curves for SPV remained unchanged throughout the study, while the intercepts tended to increase as a result of increased pre-dose values. Similar effects were observed for visual analogue scales for alertness: pre-dose values increased significantly during the study, while the size of the treatment responses (slopes) remained unaltered. The reasons for these adaptations cannot be determined but may include drug tolerance and habituations to study procedures. Blood pressure control remained stable and adequate throughout the study.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands. jvdp@chdr.nl
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van der Post
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: de Visser
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: J M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: van Gerven
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D011594:Psychometrics; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D000077769:Rilmenidine; D012438:Saccades / Q000187:drug effects*; D013607:Tablets / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010080:Oxazoles; D013607:Tablets; D000077769:Rilmenidine