title: Articaine and lignocaine efficiency in infiltration anaesthesia: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the onset of action of pulpal and soft tissue anaesthesia, and pain experience after buccal and palatal infiltrative injections with 4% articaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline, and 2% lignocaine with 1:100,000 adrenaline.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double blind cross-over study was conducted with 20 healthy adult subjects who, in two appointments at least two weeks apart, randomly received an infiltration anaesthesia with the solutions in the buccal and palatal regions of the upper right canine. The tooth was tested with a pulp tester before (to establish its baseline response), and after the injection, until return to the base threshold level. The pain experience caused by palatal injection was verified by the visual analogue scale (VAS). Data were analysed using Wilcoxons test (alpha = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant statistical differences between the solutions with respect to VAS (p = 0.45), onset of action (p = 0.80) and pulpal (p = 0.08) and soft tissue (p = 0.18) anaesthesia duration, although pulpal anaesthesia may have reached statistical significance if a higher number of volunteers had been used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the conditions of this study it can be concluded that both anaesthetic solutions showed similar pain experience.
authors.affiliation: Dentistry School of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Volpato
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ramacciato
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ranali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002610:Cheek; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003791:Dental Pulp Test; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D021362:Palate, Hard; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002355:Carticaine