title: Acetylcholine release from urinary bladder smooth muscles of non-insulin-dependent diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the mechanism of voiding dysfunction in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, we attempted to measure the acetylcholine (ACh) release using an in vivo microdialysis technique and measuring the detrusor pressure after electrical field stimulation (EFS) of the pelvic nerve.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight- and 32-week-old female Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus model) and age-matched female Wistar rats (controls) were used in this study. The pelvic nerve was exposed on a bipolar platinum electrode to EFS, and a cannula was inserted into the bladder to measure the detrusor pressure. The microdialysis probe was inserted into the bladder wall and was connected to a microinfusion syringe pump. Dialysate was constantly perfused, collected in a microtube, and then injected into the ACh assay system. Histological examinations were performed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and S-100 immunohistochemical staining in bladder preparations of both GK and control rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 8-week-old rats, both detrusor pressures and amounts of ACh release of GK rats were not significantly different from those of control rats. In 32-week-old rats, both detrusor pressures and ACh releases were only significantly increased at 5 and 10 Hz of EFS. In the histological study, the number of nerve fibers or bundles of 32-week-old GK rats was significantly decreased as compared with control rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data suggest that the decrease in EFS-induced ACh release in GK rats, which may be caused by the decreased number of nerve fibers, may contribute to the decrease in bladder contractions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamae
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Inadome
authors.forename: Shigetaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Masunaga
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011312:Pressure; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000109:Acetylcholine