title: Surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in the presence of massive calcified neurocysticercosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic disease of the human central nervous system and a major health problem for most developing countries. The most common clinical manifestations of NCC are epileptic seizures. Whenever epilepsy and NCC coexist in the same patient, an uncertainty may rise about a causal relationship between them.
  
  
  METHODS
  We described a female patient with disseminated calcified NCC lesions and intractable epilepsy. Her medical history included cysticercotic meningoencephalitis and status epilepticus caused by active NCC. Fundoscopy showed the ocular presence of parasite; computed tomography of the brain showed evidence of cystic lesions with the scolex and calcified lesions; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the cerebrospinal fluid was positive for cysticercosis. Epileptic seizures started after an 8-year silent period. Magnetic resonance imaging showed left hippocampal sclerosis. Plain x-ray film showed calcifications in muscles and subcutaneous tissue. Video-electroencephalography and ictal and interictal single-photon emission computed tomography disclosed left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The patient underwent left temporal lobectomy and has been seizure free since surgery, for a follow-up of 4 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report highlights and supports surgical therapy in patients with epileptic seizures and calcified NCC, even when there are several calcifications, provided that clear localization of epilepsy has been determined by means of a presurgical workup.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Campus Universitário, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SpCEP 14.048-900, Brazil. lwichert@rnp.fmrp.usp.br
authors.forename: Lauro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wichert-Ana
authors.forename: Tonicarlo Rodrigues
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: Vera Cristina
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Terra-Bustamante
authors.forename: Veriano
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alexandre
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walz
authors.forename: Marino M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bianchin
authors.forename: João Pereira
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: João Alberto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Assirati
authors.forename: Carlos Gilberto
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Carlotti
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Antonio Carlos
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Osvaldo Massaiti
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Takayanagui
authors.forename: Américo Ceiki
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000209:etiology / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*