The pediatric nephrotic syndrome spectrum: clinical homogeneity and molecular heterogeneity.
Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is the most common glomerular disorder of childhood. Recurrence of nephrotic syndrome immediately following renal transplantation is rapid, results in a high rate of graft loss, and represents the most severe form of nephrotic syndrome. This review discusses the molecular heterogeneity of pediatric nephrotic syndrome across the spectrum of disease activity. A schema is offered for a molecular approach to pediatric nephrotic syndrome, including immune-mediated and structural/genetic factors.
Schachter
Asher D
AD
Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. asher.schachter@childrens.harvard.edu
D000185:Actinin / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D018740:Genetic Heterogeneity; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000097:blood; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000097:blood; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000097:blood; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000097:blood; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000097:blood; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000097:blood; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000097:blood; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
C111453:ACTN4 protein, human; D018793:Interleukin-13; D019409:Interleukin-15; D020382:Interleukin-18; D007376:Interleukin-2; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C407223:NPHS2 protein; D011506:Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C113267:nephrin; D000185:Actinin; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma