title: Clinical and genetic linkage analysis of a large Venezuelan kindred with Usher syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To undertake a comprehensive investigation into the very high incidence of congenital deafness on the Macano peninsula of Margarita Island, Venezuela.
  
  
  METHODS
  Numerous visits were made to the isolated island community over a 4-year-period. During these visits, it became apparent that a significant number of individuals complained of problems with hearing and vision. Socioeconomic assessments, family pedigrees and clinical histories were recorded on standard questionnaires. All individuals underwent thorough otolaryngologic and ophthalmologic examinations. Twenty milliliters of peripheral venous blood was obtained from each participant. A genome-wide linkage analysis study was performed. Polymorphic microsatellite markers were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and separated on polyacrylamide gels. An ABI 377XL sequencer was used to separate fragments and LOD scores were calculated by using published software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four families were identified, comprising 329 individuals, age range 1-80 years, including 184 children. All families were categorized in the lower two (least affluent) socioeconomic categories. A high incidence of consanguinity was detected. Fifteen individuals (11 adults, 4 children) had profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular areflexia and retinitis pigmentosa. A maximum LOD score of 6.76 (Linkage >3.0), between markers D11s4186 and D11s911, confirmed linkage to chromosome 11q13.5. The gene myosin VIIA (MYO7A) was confirmed in the interval. Clinical and genetic findings are consistent with a diagnosis of Usher syndrome 1B for those with hearing and vision problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report 15 Usher syndrome 1B individuals from a newly detected Latin American socio-demographic origin, with a very high prevalence of 76 per 100,000 population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston, USA. ivankeogh@oceanfree.net
authors.forename: Ivan J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Keogh
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Godinho
authors.forename: T Po
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Diaz de Palacios
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bello de Alford
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: De Almada
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: MarPalacios
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mattei
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Eavey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003241:Consanguinity; D004398:Dyneins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008126:Lod Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000081412:Myosin VIIa; D009218:Myosins / Q000235:genetics; D010375:Pedigree; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012174:Retinitis Pigmentosa / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D014687:Venezuela / Q000453:epidemiology; D015837:Vestibular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C000631455:MYO7A protein, human; D000081412:Myosin VIIa; D009218:Myosins; D004398:Dyneins