title: The effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on cognitive function in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of dietary isoflavone supplementation with an extract from red clover on cognitive function in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty postmenopausal women aged greater than 60 years received either two tablets of an extract of aglycone isoflavones from red clover (each containing formononetin 25 mg, biochanin 2.5 mg and less than 1 mg of daidzein and genistein) for 6 months in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Cognitive function tests were performed at baseline and at the end of isoflavone or placebo therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isoflavone supplementation was associated with an apparent improvement in block design (a test of visual-spatial intelligence) compared to placebo (isoflavone +12%, placebo -3%; p = 0.03), no improvement in verbal memory compared to an improvement on placebo (isoflavone +1%, placebo +29%; p = 0.023) and a deterioration in digit recall compared to placebo (isoflavone -6%, placebo +12%; p = 0.029). However, these findings were not statistically significant when corrections were made for potential chance findings due to multiple comparisons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoflavone supplementation does not appear to have major short-term effects on cognitive function in postmenopausal women. However, further clinical trials are required to determine whether small effects or long-term effects on cognitive function occur during isoflavone supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. George Hospital, UNSW, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smerdely
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Howes
mesh_terms: D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D008517:Phytotherapy; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D029921:Trifolium; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D007529:Isoflavones; D028321:Plant Preparations; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein; C004541:biochanin A