title: On the flow dependency of the electrical conductivity of blood.
abstract: Experiments presented in the literature show that the electrical conductivity of flowing blood depends on flow velocity. The aim of this study is to extend the Maxwell-Fricke theory, developed for a dilute suspension of ellipsoidal particles in an electrolyte, to explain this flow dependency of the conductivity of blood for stationary laminar flow in a rigid cylindrical tube. Furthermore, these theoretical results are compared to earlier published measurement results. To develop the theory, we assumed that blood is a Newtonian fluid and that red blood cells can be represented by oblate ellipsoids. If blood flows through a cylindrical tube, shear stresses will deform and align the red blood cells with one of their long axes aligned parallel to the stream lines. The pathway of a low-frequency (< 1 MHz) alternating electrical current will be altered by this orientation and deformation of the red blood cells. Consequently, the electrical conductivity in the flow direction of blood increases. The theoretically predicted flow dependency of the conductivity of blood corresponds well with experimental results. This theoretical study shows that red blood cell orientation and deformation can explain quantitatively the flow dependency of blood conductivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Medical Technology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Vrije University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hoetink
authors.forename: Th J C
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Faes
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Heethaar
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D001790:Blood Physiological Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity