title: Matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase mRNA levels are specifically altered in torn rotator cuff tendons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rotator cuff tears are a cause of pain and disability in the shoulder. The molecular changes associated with rotator cuff tearing are unclear. A subset of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase, which are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and degradation, were evaluated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  There would be an increase in the mRNA level of specific matrix metalloproteinase and a decrease in the mRNA level of specific tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase in rotator cuff tendon tissue obtained from patients with rotator cuff tears.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue was obtained from 10 patients undergoing rotator cuff repair for full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Also, tissue was obtained from cadaveric specimens with no gross evidence of rotator cuff tearing. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed for the collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13), the stromelysins (MMP-3, MMP-10, MMP-11), and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-3, TIMP-4). Western blotting was performed to confirm the mRNA changes demonstrated in collagenase-3 (MMP-13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in collagenase-3 (MMP-13) mRNA levels, a decrease in stromelysin-1 (MMP-3) mRNA levels, and a decrease in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, -3, and -4 mRNA levels. Western blotting demonstrated an increase in the active form of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) in rotator cuff tendon tears.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mRNA levels of specific matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase are altered in torn rotator cuff tendons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the known action of the matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase in extra-cellular matrix remodeling, these findings suggest that their roles in remodeling of rotator cuff tears should be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. ikylo@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: Ian K Y
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Marchuk
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hollinshead
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Cyril B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Frank
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002102:Cadaver; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000378:metabolism*; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D017364:Collagenases; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3