title: A prospective evaluation of the effects of salpingectomy on endometrial lymphocyte clusters in patients with hydrosalpinges.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of hydrosalpinges on embryo implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Private fertility and university hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with unilateral or bilateral hydrosalpinges who underwent salpingectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre- and posttreatment endometrial biopsies for immunohistochemical evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pre- and posttreatment lymphocyte populations in endometrial samples, evaluated by immunohistochemical identification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endometrial samples from pretreatment exhibited small lymphocytic clusters of CD3+, CD8+, CD4+, granzyme B positive, and CD56+. After salpingectomy, the numbers of cluster lesions were significantly decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because a characteristic distribution of lymphocytes in endometrium with hydrosalpinges was found, activation of T/NK (natural killer) lymphocytes in endometrium might be involved in the impairment of embryo implantation in cases of hydrosalpinges.
authors.affiliation: Narita Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. itom@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Shigehiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizutani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology*; D005184:Fallopian Tube Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000473:pathology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology