title: Does resting two-dimensional echocardiography identify patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and low likelihood of functional recovery after coronary revascularization?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the potential of a simple and widely available technique as two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography to identify patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and low likelihood of functional recovery after coronary revascularization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-dimensional echocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) were performed before coronary revascularization in 94 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by RNV. Regional wall motion abnormalities, wall motion score index, end-diastolic wall thickness (EDWT), left ventricular (LV) volumes and LV sphericity index were assessed in the echocardiographic images. RNV was repeated 9-12 months after revascularization to assess LVEF change; an improvement >or=5% was considered clinically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine hundred and ninety-nine segments were severely dysfunctional; 149 out of 999 (15%) had an EDWT <or=6 mm. A severe enlargement of the end-diastolic volume index (EDVI) (>or=100 ml/ml) and of the end-systolic volume index (>or=80 ml) was present in 32 (34%) and 21 (22%) patients, respectively. A spherical shape of the LV was observed in 35 (37%) patients. LVEF after revascularization increased in 30 out of 94 patients (32%) from 30+/-8% to 39+/-9% (P<0.0001). On multivariate analysis, the EDVI was the only predictor of no recovery in LVEF [odds ratio, 1.06, confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.1, P<0.0001]. The cut-off value of EDVI >or=90 ml/ml accurately identified patients that virtually never recover. Post-operatively, LVEF increased in three out of 42 (7%, 95% CI 0-15%) patients with EDVI >or=90 ml/ml as compared to 27 out of 52 (52%) patients with EDVI<90 ml/ml (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and severe LV enlargement, improvement of LVEF after revascularization is unlikely to occur. Conversely, in patients with relatively preserved LV size, a higher likelihood of functional recovery may be anticipated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rizzello
authors.forename: Jeroen J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: Arend F L
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Schinkel
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boersma
authors.forename: Manolis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bountioukos
authors.forename: Eleni C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Vourvouri
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crea
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biagini
authors.forename: Abdou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elhendy
authors.forename: Jos R T C
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Roelandt
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poldermans
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging