title: Improvement of the educational process by computer-based visualization of procedures: randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Before any invasive procedure, physicians have a legal obligation to inform patients. Traditionally, this involves a discussion with a physician, supplemented by written leaflet information directed at the specific procedure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Comparison of the use and effectiveness of computer-based visualization opposed to standardized conversation for providing patients with information of forthcoming procedures (coronary catheters or endoscopy procedures).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized trial with 56 participants allocated in two different groups: Visualization Group (standardized information supported by a tool for displaying two-dimensional pictures to explain medical facts as well as informative leaflet) or Control Group (standardized information and informative leaflet only). Detailed information was given about the indication, the probable complications and the details of the forthcoming procedures (coronary catheters or endoscopy procedures). All participants had to reach a Karnofsky Score of 70 points and be able to understand German or English. Main outcome measures were patient's satisfaction with physician-patient conversation, patient's acquired knowledge and duration of the intervention as described above.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients of the Visualization Group were more satisfied with the conversation and had higher knowledge scores after the conversation. A Mann-Whitney-U-Test between the two groups showed that these differences in satisfaction (P<0.001) and knowledge (P= or <0.006) were statistically significant. Length of time needed for the conversation was slightly higher in the Visualization Group, but this difference was not statistically significant (25 versus 23 min; P= 0.441). No differences could be found due to differing age or educational level in the results of the Visualization and the Control Group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using computerized visualization increased the satisfaction and knowledge of the patients. The presentation of the visualized information in the Visualization Group did not demand significantly more time than the standard conversation in the Control Group.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Medical University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. ManuelEnzenhofer@web.de
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enzenhofer
authors.forename: Hans-Bernd
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bludau
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Komm
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hochlehnert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003196:Computer Graphics / Q000639:trends*; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D030881:Disclosure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires