title: Immunization for hospital staff.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this review the recent literature on the topic of immunization of healthcare workers is assessed. The emphasis lies on immunizations that are directly related to the risks of healthcare workers in the workplace.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acceptance of influenza immunization by healthcare workers remains too low, whereas other preventive measures such as hepatitis B vaccination are usually not disputed. Efforts to improve the knowledge of healthcare workers about influenza, its epidemic potential and clinical consequences have contributed to higher immunization rates in some hospitals. Immunization against varicella zoster virus does not result in immunity in all vaccinated persons. This lack of complete protection has infection-control implications, namely the recommendation to wear a mask when caring for clinical cases, regardless of the immunization status. The topic of immunization of healthcare workers has recently been dominated by the discussion of smallpox vaccination, which was promoted by the American public-health authorities for some groups of healthcare workers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunization is a preventive measure that is highly cost-effective. Healthcare workers are responsible for the safety and well-being of their patients and should do their utmost to prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to them. Another positive result of the adherence of healthcare workers to the recommended immunization schedule is the improved self-protection at the workplace. Immunization against some highly contagious infectious agents has been recommended for many years. The list is now being expanded again by the recommendation of smallpox vaccination. Regarding this indication, several questions and safety issues must be resolved in order to positively influence the currently rather sceptical attitude of healthcare workers towards this vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. christian.ruef@bluewin.ch
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruef
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008503:Medical Staff; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*