title: Tumor diagnosis preceding Parkinson's disease: a case-control study.
abstract: Lower cancer risk in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared to the general population has been reported. However, most of the studies were based on death certificates. We designed a case-control study to estimate the association of tumor preceding PD onset and PD. PD patients were matched by age and gender to PD-free individuals, randomly selected from the municipalities of residence of cases. Occurrence of tumors preceding PD onset was assessed through a structured questionnaire. Neoplasms were categorized as benign, malignant, or of uncertain classification, and endocrine-related or not. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using conditional logistic regression and adjusted for tumor categories and risk factors. We included 222 PD patients. Frequency of cancer was 6.8% for cases, 12.6% for controls. PD patients had a decreased risk for neoplasms (adjusted OR, 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-0.7). Risk was reduced only for women (adjusted OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7). PD patients had a decreased risk both for malignant (adjusted OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.1-2.5) and nonmalignant neoplasms (adjusted OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.7). Still, risk was decreased for endocrine-related tumors (adjusted OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9) and non-endocrine-related tumors (adjusted OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9). Our study confirms the inverse association between PD and neoplasms reported in previous epidemiologic studies.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ofthamologia, Otorinolaringoiatria, e Psichiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Amelio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ofthamologia, Otorinolaringoiatria, e Psichiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ragonese
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Letterio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morgante
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurologia, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Epifanio
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ofthamologia, Otorinolaringoiatria, e Psichiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Graziella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Callari
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ofthamologia, Otorinolaringoiatria, e Psichiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salemi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Neurologia, Ofthamologia, Otorinolaringoiatria, e Psichiatria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Savettieri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors