title: Long-term results of paediatric kidney transplantation at the University of Heidelberg: a 35 year single-centre experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kidney transplantation remains the most effective treatment for children with end-stage renal disease. We analysed data from the University of Heidelberg transplant programme to present our results on paediatric kidney transplantations over the past 35 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1967 to 2003, 354 paediatric kidney transplantations were performed at the University of Heidelberg. Data were obtained from the paediatric kidney transplantation records consisting of 291 (82%) cadaveric and 63 (18%) living donated transplants. Demographic data, family relationship of the living donors, surgical technique, immunosuppressive drugs, graft and patient survival rates were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of cadaveric and living donors was 32.0+/-17.1 and 37.6+/-7.5 years, respectively. The family relationship of the living donors included the mother in 65% of cases, the father in 31%, and other relatives in 4%. In the last 4 years, the respective mean cold ischaemia time was 1.6+/-0.5 h for living donated and 13.5+/-4.1 h for cadaveric donors. The mean age of children who received kidneys from cadaveric and living donors was 11.3+/-4.5 and 10.4+/-4.5 years, respectively, with a male to female ratio of 57 to 43%. Overall patient survival rates were 95% after 1 year and 89% after 5 years. The patient 5 and 10 year survival rates for living donor renal transplantations were 95 and 95%, respectively. Graft survival rates improved since 1990 compared with the period prior to 1990: 82.5 vs 56.7% graft survival at 1 year and 82.5 vs 50% after 5 years (P = 0.03). Comparing the operating technique in a subgroup of our patients that received the same immunosuppressive regimen, anastomoses with the aorta and vena cava (51%, n = 31) were associated with a graft survival of 86.6 and 83.3% after 1 and 5 years, whereas anastomoses with iliac vessels (49%, n = 30) were associated with a graft survival of 55.8 and 51.6% after 1 and 5 years, respectively (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There has been a gradual improvement in our paediatric kidney transplantation results over time. Living donor paediatric kidney transplants have higher patient and better graft survival rates than cadaveric donor kidney transplants. Using the aorta and inferior vena cava for graft anastomosis, utilizing newer immunosuppressive drugs and implementing living kidney donation have positively affected the results of our paediatric kidney transplantations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Arianeb
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrabi
authors.forename: Arash
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashfi
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tönshoff
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feneberg
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mehls
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schemmer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiesel
authors.forename: Markus W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Büchler
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents