title: Obesity and unhealthy life-years in adult Finns: an empirical approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Obesity is more strongly related to morbidity and disability than to mortality. Obese individuals are thus expected to have more unhealthy life-years than normal-weight persons. The objective of the present study was to quantify the number of excess unhealthy life-years in obese individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative cohort of 19 518 Finnish men and women aged 20 to 92 years was followed for 15 years. Participation rate was 83%. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of 30.0 or higher. The number of unhealthy life-years due to premature work disability, hospitalization for coronary heart disease, and need for long-term medication was calculated per category of body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up of 15 years, obese men who never smoked aged 20 to 64 years had, on average, 0.63 more years of work disability, 0.36 more years of coronary heart disease, and 1.68 more years of longterm medication use, than normal-weight counterparts. Obese women had, respectively, 0.52, 0.46, and 1.49 more years from these conditions than normal weight women. The excess risks of morbidity and disability due to obesity were highest in the youngest age groups and exceeded those of mortality in all age groups. Obese men and women 65 years and older who never smoked had, respectively, 1.71 and 1.41 excess unhealthy life-years (not statistically significant) due to premature need for long-term medication compared with normal-weight subjects, but no excess unhealthy life-years due to coronary heart disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity has a lifetime impact on disability and morbidity. A further increase in obesity will lead to an increase in unhealthy life-years and in direct and indirect health care costs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Disability, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. tommy.visscher@falw.vu.nl
authors.forename: Tommy L S
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Visscher
authors.forename: Aila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.forename: Jacob C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Seidell
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heliövaara
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Knekt
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reunanen
authors.forename: Arpo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aromaa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology