title: Do white matter changes have clinical significance in Alzheimer's disease?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although white matter changes visible with MRI are generally considered to result from ischemia, it has become clear that these changes also appear in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, their significance in AD is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the clinical significance of white matter changes in AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six AD patients (79.4 +/- 5.92 years old) and 48 age-matched control subjects (80.0 +/- 7.03 years old) participated in the study. Three neuroradiologists assessed the degree of periventricular hyperintensities (PVH) and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) using a modified Fazekas' rating scale. We examined whether there was a difference in the severity and the histogram pattern of the white matter changes, or in vascular factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease) between the two groups. We also analyzed the association between the severity of the white matter changes and the degree of dementia (MMSE score and disease duration).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in the vascular factors between AD and control subjects. The degree of PVH in AD was severe compared with that in the control subjects. In histograms of the number of subjects with each degree of PVH severity, the distribution of AD patients had peaks at both the low and intermediate degrees of PVH, while most of the controls had a low degree of PVH. There was no difference in the degree or the histogram pattern of DWMH between the two groups. The severity of white matter changes was not associated with severity of dementia in AD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although PVH might have several causative factors, and may have some clinical significance, the change itself does not contribute to the progression of AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. ichikono@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ichiyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kono
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kizu
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yasuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric