title: Winter swimming improves general well-being.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study deals with the effects of regular winter swimming on the mood of the swimmers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Profile of Mood State (POMS) and OIRE questionnaires were completed before (October) and after (January) the four-month winter swimming period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the beginning, there were no significant differences in the mood states and subjective feelings between the swimmers and the controls. The swimmers had more diseases (about 50%) diagnosed by a physician. Tension, fatigue, memory and mood negative state points in the swimmers significantly decreased with the duration of the swimming period. After four months, the swimmers felt themselves to be more energetic, active and brisk than the controls. Vigour-activity scores were significantly greater (p < 0.05). All swimmers who suffered from rheumatism, fibromyalgia, or asthma, reported that winter swimming had relieved pains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improvement of general well-being is thus a benefit induced by regular winter swimming.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. pirkko.huttunen@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Pirkko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huttunen
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kokko
authors.forename: Virpi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ylijukuri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012621:Seasons; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology