A randomized study of neighborhood effects on low-income children's educational outcomes.
Experimental data from the Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing Demonstration were used to examine (a) if moving from high- to low-poverty neighborhoods (via randomization) was associated with low-income minority children's achievement, grade retention, and suspensions/expulsions; (b) if moving minimized gender differences in these outcomes; and (c) potential mediators of observed program effects. Data on school-age children (mean age = 11.79 years, SD = 3.26) were obtained from standardized assessments and parent and adolescent interviews during the New York City site's 3-year follow-up evaluation (N = 588). Moving to low-poverty neighborhoods had positive effects on 11-18-year-old boys' achievement scores compared with those of their peers in high-poverty neighborhoods. These male adolescents' scores were comparable to females' scores, whereas male adolescents in high-poverty neighborhoods scored 10 points lower than female peers. Homework time and school safety partially accounted for program effects. From a policy perspective, the program benefited disadvantaged male adolescents at high risk for dropping out of school.
Leventhal
Tama
T
Institute for Policy Studies, Johns Hopkins University, and John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. tleventhal@jhu.edu
Brooks-Gunn
Jeanne
J
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013332:Student Dropouts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data