title: Informatics in radiology (infoRAD): A complete continuous-availability PACS archive server.
abstract: The operational reliability of the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) server in a filmless hospital environment is always a major concern because server failure could cripple the entire PACS operation. A simple, low-cost, continuous-availability (CA) PACS archive server was designed and developed. The server makes use of a triple modular redundancy (TMR) system with a simple majority voting logic that automatically identifies a faulty module and removes it from service. The remaining two modules continue normal operation with no adverse effects on data flow or system performance. In addition, the server is integrated with two external mass storage devices for short- and long-term storage. Evaluation and testing of the server were conducted with laboratory experiments in which hardware failures were simulated to observe recovery time and the resumption of normal data flow. The server provides maximum uptime (99.999%) for end users while ensuring the transactional integrity of all clinical PACS data. Hardware failure has only minimal impact on performance, with no interruption of clinical data flow or loss of data. As hospital PACS become more widespread, the need for CA PACS solutions will increase. A TMR CA PACS archive server can reliably help achieve CA in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA. brentliu@usc.edu
authors.forename: Brent J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Michael Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jianguo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mogel
mesh_terms: D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D003201:Computers; D003626:Data Display; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000639:trends; D006747:Hospital Communication Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D008491:Medical Informatics Applications; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D011873:Radiology Information Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors; D014584:User-Computer Interface