title: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is as effective as fluoxetine in the treatment of depression in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the efficacy of 15 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in treating depression in patients with Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  42 patients were enrolled into two groups: group 1, active rTMS (15 Hz rTMS for 10 days) and placebo drug treatment; group 2, sham rTMS and fluoxetine 20 mg/day. A specially designed sham coil was used for sham stimulation. The unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), activities of daily living (ADL), Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were assessed by a rater blinded to treatment arm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HRSD and BDI were improved to the same extent in both groups after two weeks of treatment (38% and 32% for group 1, 41% and 33% for group 2, respectively). At week 8 there was a tendency for worse motor UPDRS scores in group 2 (NS). ADL showed improvement at week 8 only in group 1. MMSE improved in both groups after treatment, but faster in group 1 than in group 2. There were fewer adverse effects in group 1 than in group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rTMS has the same antidepressant efficacy as fluoxetine and may have the additional advantage of some motor improvement and earlier cognitive improvement, with fewer adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ffregni@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fregni
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Myczkowski
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rigolino
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallucci-Neto
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pascual-Leone
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marcolin
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D010919:Placebos; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D010919:Placebos; D005473:Fluoxetine