title: A prospective study evaluating the efficacy of a single, 45-mg dose of primaquine, as a gametocytocidal agent, in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Mumbai, India.
abstract: The efficacy of a single dose of 45 mg primaquine, as a gametocytocidal agent, was assessed in Mumbai, India, among adults with uncomplicated or severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. All the patients investigated had been found gametocytaemic, with at least 56 gametocytes/microl blood, within the first 72 h of their illness. Those with uncomplicated malaria, like those with severe malaria, were randomized to receive or not receive primaquine. All the patients were followed up for 29 days post-admission, for gametocytaemia and gametocyte viability (as determined by exflagellation). Among those with uncomplicated malaria, six (27.3%) of the 22 who did not receive primaquine but only one (4.2%) of the 24 who did receive the drug, on day 4, remained gametocytaemic on day 29 (P < 0.05). Similarly, seven (31.8%) of the 22 severe cases who did not receive primaquine but only two (9.5%) of the 21 severe cases who received the drug, on day 8, were found gametocytaemic on day 15 (P < 0.05). While the single, 45-mg dose of primaquine recommended by the World Health Organization was effective in clearing gametocytes from the blood of > 90% of the present cases of malaria, > 4% of the patients with uncomplicated malaria and > 9% of those with the severe disease continued to harbour gametocytes in their peripheral blood 29 and 15 days after taking the primaquine, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Seth G. S. Medical College and K. E. M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai - 400 012, India.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Kamtekar
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Gogtay
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Dalvi
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Karnad
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Chogle
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aigal
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Kshirsagar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D011319:Primaquine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011803:Quinine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D002738:Chloroquine; D011803:Quinine; D011319:Primaquine