title: Galmic, a nonpeptide galanin receptor agonist, affects behaviors in seizure, pain, and forced-swim tests.
abstract: The pharmacological exploitation of the galanin receptors as drug targets for treatment of epilepsy, depression, and pain has been hampered by the lack of workable compounds for medicinal chemists from random screening of large chemical libraries. The present work uses the tripeptidomimetic galnon and displays its presumed pharmacophores on a rigid molecular scaffold. The scaffold is related to marine natural products and presents three functional groups near one another in space, in a manner reminiscent of a protein surface. An active compound, Galmic, was identified from a small synthetic library and tested in vitro and in vivo for its affinity and efficacy at galanin receptors. Galmic has micromolar affinity for GalR1 receptors (Ki = 34.2 microM) and virtually no affinity for GalR2 receptors. In vitro, Galmic, like galanin, suppresses long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus; it blocks status epilepticus when injected intrahippocampally or administered i.p. Galmic applied i.p. shows antidepressant-like effects in the forced-swim test, and it is a potent inhibitor of flinching behavior in the inflammatory pain model induced by formalin injection. These data further implicate brain and spinal cord galanin receptors as drug targets and provide an example of a systemically active compound based on a scaffold that mimics protein surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Tamas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bartfai
authors.forename: Xiaoying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hedieh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Badie-Mahdavi
authors.forename: Alasdair M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Andrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazarati
authors.forename: Xiao-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Hua
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yaksh
authors.forename: Gebhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haberhauer
authors.forename: Susana Conde
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ceide
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trembleau
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Somogyi
authors.forename: Lenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kröck
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rebek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006224:Cricetinae; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000187:drug effects; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D044088:Receptors, Galanin / Q000819:agonists*; D013226:Status Epilepticus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013550:Swimming; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D044088:Receptors, Galanin; C488574:galmic