title: Accuracy of ultrasound in localization of breast boost field.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively compare diagnostic ultrasound to the 'gold standard' of surgical clips for localization of the lumpectomy site for electron boost irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive breast cancer patients referred following lumpectomy underwent diagnostic ultrasound in radiation treatment position 21-100 days post-surgery. All patients had 3-6 surgical clips defining the excision cavity. The site was marked on the skin and depth was measured. Target depth was the deepest aspect of the cavity plus a 1 cm deep margin. Treatment fields were prescribed with a 2 cm margin on the cavity, and electron energy was chosen to cover the target depth. Surgical clip position was assessed on orthogonal simulator films.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Localizations were performed in 54 breasts (52 women). The mean interval post-surgery was 53 (SD 17) days. Overall, 35/54 (65%) of localizations were adequate, 15/54 (28%) were marginal and 4/54 (7%) were inadequate. Regression showed that lower patient weight (r=-0.37, P=0.006) predicted adequacy of localization, with better accuracy in lighter women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The accuracy rate for ultrasound exceeds the 20-50% reported for clinical localization. Diagnostic ultrasound may be used to improve the accuracy when surgical clips are not present.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital and University of Toronto, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2M9.
authors.forename: Jolie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ringash
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Minuk
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Himu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lukka
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Reiter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D004583:Electrons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D014463:Ultrasonography