title: Metabolic and catheter complications of parenteral nutrition.
abstract: Since its introduction in the 1960s, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has played a vital role in improving clinical outcomes for patients with acute and chronic illnesses. The evolution of TPN solutions and vascular access techniques, combined with an increased awareness and better understanding of the physiology of TPN, have improved the safety of this therapy. Nevertheless, complications are not uncommon and can be life threatening. This article provides an updated review on the metabolic and catheter complications associated with TPN.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Drive, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
authors.forename: Marwan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ghabril
authors.forename: Jamie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aranda-Michel
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Scolapio
mesh_terms: D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects*