The early systemic and gastrointestinal oxygenation effects of hemorrhagic shock resuscitation with hypertonic saline and hypertonic saline 6% dextran-70: a comparative study in dogs.
The smaller volemic state from hypertonic (7.5%) saline (HS) solution administration in hemorrhagic shock can determine lesser systemic oxygen delivery and tissue oxygenation than conventional plasma expanders. In a model of hemorrhagic shock in dogs, we studied the systemic and gastrointestinal oxygenation effects of HS and hyperoncotic (6%) dextran-70 in combination with HS (HSD) solutions in comparison with lactated Ringer's (LR) and (6%) hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solutions. Forty-eight mongrel dogs were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and subjected to splenectomy. A gastric air tonometer was placed in the stomach for intramucosal gastric CO(2) (Pgco(2)) determination and for the calculation of intramucosal pH (pHi): The dogs were hemorrhaged (42% of blood volume) to hold mean arterial blood pressure at 40-50 mm Hg over 30 min and were then resuscitated with LR (n = 12) in a 3:1 relation to removed blood volume; HS (n = 12), 6 mL/kg; HSD (n = 12), 6 mL/kg; and HES (mean molecular weight, 200 kDa; degree of substitution, 0.5) (n = 12) in a 1:1 relation to the removed blood volume. Hemodynamic, systemic, and gastric oxygenation variables were measured at baseline, after 30 min of hemorrhage, and 5, 60, and 120 min after intravascular fluid resuscitation. After fluid resuscitation, HS showed significantly lower arterial pH and mixed venous Po(2) and higher systemic oxygen uptake index and systemic oxygenation extraction than LR and HES (P < 0.05), whereas HSD showed significantly lower arterial pH than LR and HES (P < 0.05). Only HS and HSD did not return arterial pH and pHi to control levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, all solutions improved systemic and gastrointestinal oxygenation after hemorrhagic shock in dogs. However, the HS solution showed the worst response in comparison to LR and HES solutions in relation to systemic oxygenation, whereas HSD showed intermediate values. HS and HSD solutions did not return regional oxygenation to control values.
Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, UNESP, District of Rubião Júnior, PO Box 530, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. jbraz@fmb.unesp.br
José Reinaldo Cerqueira
JR
Braz
Paulo
P
do Nascimento
Odilar
O
Paiva Filho
Leandro Gobbo
LG
Braz
Luiz Antonio
LA
Vane
Pedro Thadeu Galvão
PT
Vianna
Geraldo Rolim
GR
Rodrigues
D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001830:Body Surface Area; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000502:physiology; D003911:Dextrans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007022:Hypotension / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D012151:Resuscitation; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology
D003911:Dextrans; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic