Initial chemotherapy in gliomatosis cerebri.
BACKGROUND
Because of the diffuse nature of gliomatosis cerebri (GC), surgery is not suitable, and large field radiotherapy carries the risk of severe toxicity. In this setting, initial chemotherapy warrants further investigation.


METHODS
The authors treated 63 consecutive patients with GC with initial chemotherapy consisting of either PCV (procarbazine, 60 mg/m2 on days 8 to 21; CCNU, 110 mg/m2 on day 1; and vincristine, 1.4 mg/m2 on days 8 and 29) or temozolomide (TMZ; 150 to 200 mg/m2 for 5 days every 4 weeks). There were 40 men and 23 women, with a median age of 48 years (range, 17 to 74 years) and a median Karnofsky performance status of 90 (range, 50 to 100). GC was initially present at diagnosis in 49 patients (primary GC), whereas 14 patients with a circumscribed glioma at onset developed secondary GC after a median follow-up period of 5.11 years. GC was classified based on the predominant tumor cells as astrocytic, oligodendroglial, or mixed GC.


RESULTS
Seventeen patients received 1 to 6 cycles (median, 5) of PCV, and 46 received 2 to 24 courses (median, 13) of TMZ. Grade 3 to 4 hematologic toxicity was seen in 4 of 17 (23.5%) patients treated with PCV and in 4 of 46 (8.6%) of those treated with TMZ. Clinical objective responses were observed in 21 of 63 (33%) patients, and radiologic responses were seen in 16 of 62 (26%), with no significant difference between the two regimens. For all patients combined, the median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 16 months and 29 months, respectively. Regardless of the chemotherapeutic regimen, oligodendroglial GC had a better prognosis than astrocytic and oligoastrocytic GC in terms of PFS (p < 0.02) and OS (p < 0.0001).


CONCLUSIONS
Initial chemotherapy is useful for some patients with gliomatosis cerebri. Temozolomide is well tolerated and appears to be a valuable alternative to procarbazine-CCNU-vincristine, especially for those with slow-growing, low-grade GC.
Sanson
M
M
Fédération de neurologie Mazarin, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. m.sanson@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
Cartalat-Carel
S
S
Taillibert
S
S
Napolitano
M
M
Djafari
L
L
Cougnard
J
J
Gervais
H
H
Laigle
F
F
Carpentier
A
A
Mokhtari
K
K
Taillandier
L
L
Chinot
O
O
Duffau
H
H
Honnorat
J
J
Hoang-Xuan
K
K
Delattre
J Y
JY
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018302:Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000077204:Temozolomide; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D011344:Procarbazine; D014750:Vincristine; D008130:Lomustine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide