Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: causes and long-term follow-up in 65 patients.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the causes and long-term clinical outcome of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) in a consecutive series of 65 patients.


METHODS
From a clinical registry of a neuroophthalmological department, patients with diagnosis of INO were retrospectively identified. Patients were classified into three groups: unilateral INO, bilateral INO, and one-and-a-half syndrome.


CONCLUSIONS
Thirty-three men (50.8%) and 32 women (49.2%), with a mean age of 38.4 years were included in the study. INO was unilateral in 36 patients (55.4%), bilateral in 22 (33.8%) and one-and-a-half syndrome in seven (10.8%). The most common causes were vascular (36.9%), multiple sclerosis (32.3%), and infectious diseases (13.8%). Resolution of INO was documented in 32 patients (49.2%): 15 patients showed INO resolution during the first 3 months and 17 patients in 3-9 months. INO persisted in 33 patients (50.8%) even after a follow-up longer than 12 months.
Bolaños
I
I
Department of Neuroophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, México City, México.
Lozano
D
D
Cantú
C
C
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020526:Brain Stem Infarctions / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D020019:Neurocysticercosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies