Condom use and the risk of recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, or infertility following an episode of pelvic inflammatory disease.
Among 684 sexually active women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) followed up for a mean of 35 months, we related contraceptive use to self-reported PID recurrence, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Persistent use of condoms during the study reduced the risk of recurrent PID, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Consistent condom use (about 60% of encounters) at baseline also reduced these risks, after adjustment for confounders, by 30% to 60%. Self-reported persistent and consistent condom use was associated with lower rates of PID sequelae.
Ness
Roberta B
RB
University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto St, A530 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. repro@pitt.edu
Randall
Hugh
H
Richter
Holly E
HE
Peipert
Jeffrey F
JF
Montagno
Andrea
A
Soper
David E
DE
Sweet
Richard L
RL
Nelson
Deborah B
DB
Schubeck
Diane
D
Hendrix
Susan L
SL
Bass
Debra C
DC
Kip
Kevin E
KE
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D009017:Morbidity; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D021841:Safe Sex; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology