Association of body size with outcomes among patients beginning dialysis.
BACKGROUND
Although obesity confers an increased risk of mortality in the general population, observational reports on the dialysis population have suggested that obesity is associated with improved survival. These reports have generally not examined extremely high values of body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)), survival >1 y, or alternative measures of adiposity.


OBJECTIVE
We sought to clarify the relation between body size and outcomes among a large cohort of patients beginning dialysis.


METHODS
Data on 418 055 patients beginning dialysis between 1 April 1995 and 1 November 2000 were analyzed by using US Renal Data System data. BMI was divided into 8 categories in increments of 3 units, ranging from < 19 to > or =37, and the relation between survival and BMI was examined by using proportional hazards regression with adjustment for demographic, laboratory, and comorbidity data.


RESULTS
High BMI was associated with increased survival in this cohort, even at extremely high BMI, after adjustment, and over a 2-y average follow-up time. This was true for whites, African Americans, and Hispanics but not for Asians. High BMI was also associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization and a lower rate of mortality in all mortality categories. Alternative estimates of adiposity, including the Benn index and estimated fat mass, yielded similar results, and adjustments for lean body mass did not substantially alter the findings.


CONCLUSIONS
High BMI is not associated with increased mortality among patients beginning dialysis. This finding does not appear to be a function of lean body mass and, although modified by certain patient characteristics, it is a robust finding.
Division of Nephrology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118-1211, USA. johanse@itsa.ucsf.edu
Kirsten L
KL
Johansen
Belinda
B
Young
George A
GA
Kaysen
Glenn M
GM
Chertow
D015992:Body Mass Index; D002423:Cause of Death; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016019:Survival Analysis