Chk1 in the DNA damage response: conserved roles from yeasts to mammals.
Chk1 is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that functions to ensure genomic integrity upon genotoxic stress. Studies to date have revealed striking similarities among Chk1 pathways of different organisms. In this review we discuss what is known about Chk1 activation and what downstream factors are regulated by Chk1 to counter replication blocks and DNA damage induced by UV, IR, and other genotoxic agents. Where applicable, we also compare the role of Chk1 with that of the Chk2 protein kinase in the checkpoint responses.
Chen
Yinhuai
Y
Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Sanchez
Yolanda
Y
D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D016196:S Phase; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C576324:ATM protein, human; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C000605867:CHEK1 protein, human; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases