'It's difficult being a dentist': stress and health in the general dental practitioner.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to investigate overall stress, work-stress and health in general dental practitioners (GDPs).


METHODS
A nationwide anonymous cross-sectional survey was undertaken using stratified random sampling of 2,441 GDPs in the UK.Main outcome measures Measures included perceived stress, Work Stress Inventory for Dentists, job dissatisfaction, measures of health symptoms and health behaviour, dental and demographic information.


RESULTS
The main findings were that perceived stress was significantly correlated with measures of dental stress. Work-related factors: fragility of dentist-patient relationship, time and scheduling pressures, staff and technical problems, job dissatisfaction, percentage NHS, and number of hours worked per week together explained nearly a half of GDPs overall stress in their life (linear multiple regression, adjusted r(2) = 0.48, F (2, 2404) = 509.68, P < 0.0001). Health behaviours such as alcohol use was associated with work stress (r = 0.18, P < 0.001) and over a third of GDPs were overweight or obese. Sixty per cent of GDPs reported being nervy, tense or depressed, 58.3% reported headache, 60% reported difficulty in sleeping and 48.2% reported feeling tired for no apparent reason. These were all related to work stress (one way analysis of variance, F (1,2211) = 241.53 P < 0.0001, F (1,2214) = 86.17 P < 0.0001; F (1, 2215) = 125.55 P < 0.0001; F (1,2211) = 209.67 P < 0.0001 respectively). Levels of minor psychiatric symptoms were high, with 32.0% of cases identified. The amount of backache was also high (reported by 68.3% of GDPs).


CONCLUSIONS
A high percentage of NHS dentistry was associated with high levels of overall stress in GDPs' lives, indicating that the nature of NHS dentistry should be carefully investigated to try to improve GDPs working conditions. A comparatively large number of dentists reported high levels of psychological stress symptoms, such as being nervy, tense and depressed, showing minor psychiatric symptoms, with alcohol use being related to stress. Other factors reported which were not related to stress but may be related to the actual practice of dentistry were that a third of dentists were overweight or obese and over 60% reported backache. Overall, these findings indicate the stressful nature of dentistry and difficulties in working conditions. The next step should be to develop interventions to help dentists to reduce stress in the dental surgery.
Centre for Behavioural and Social Sciences in Medicine, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Wolfson Building, 48 Riding House Street, London, W1N 8AA. l.myers@ucl.ac.uk
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D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005792:General Practice, Dental; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload; D017132:Workplace