The educational impact of bench model fidelity on the acquisition of technical skill: the use of clinically relevant outcome measures.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the impact of bench model fidelity on the acquisition of technical skill using clinically relevant outcome measures.


METHODS
Fifty junior surgery residents participated in a 1-day microsurgical training course. Participants were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: 1) high-fidelity model training (live rat vas deferens; n = 21); 2) low-fidelity model training (silicone tubing; n = 19); or 3) didactic training alone (n = 10). Following training, all participants were assessed on the high- and low-fidelity bench models. Immediate outcome measures included procedure times, blinded, expert assessment of videotaped performance using checklists and global rating scales, anastomotic patency, suture placement precision, and final product ratings. Delayed outcome measures (obtained from the live rat vas deferens 30 days following training) included anastomotic patency, presence of a sperm granuloma, and the presence of sperm on microscopy.


RESULTS
Following training, checklist (P < 0.001) and global rating scores (P < 0.001) on the bench model simulators were higher among subjects who received hands-on training, irrespective of model fidelity. Immediate anastomotic patency rates of the rat vas deferens were higher with increasing model fidelity training (P = 0.048). Delayed anastomotic patency rates were higher among subjects who received bench model training, irrespective of model fidelity (P = 0.02). Rates of sperm presence on microscopy were higher among subjects who received high-fidelity model training compared with subjects who received didactic training (P = 0.039) but did not differ among subjects in the high- and low-fidelity groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Surgical skills training on low-fidelity bench models appears to be as effective as high-fidelity model training for the acquisition of technical skill among novice surgeons.
Grober
Ethan D
ED
Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Hamstra
Stanley J
SJ
Wanzel
Kyle R
KR
Reznick
Richard K
RK
Matsumoto
Edward D
ED
Sidhu
Ravindar S
RS
Jarvi
Keith A
KA
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training / Q000379:methods; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000193:education*; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity