Association of DNA-dependent protein kinase with hypoxia inducible factor-1 and its implication in resistance to anticancer drugs in hypoxic tumor cells.
Tumor hypoxia contributes to the progression of a malignant phenotype and resistance to ionizing radiation and anticancer drug therapy. Many of these effects in hypoxic tumor cells are mediated by expression of specific set of genes whose relation to therapy resistance is poorly understood. In this study, we revealed that DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which plays a crucial role in DNA double strand break repair, would be involved in regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1beta-deficient cells showed constitutively reduced expression and DNA-binding activity of Ku, the regulatory subunit of DNA-PK. Under hypoxic condition, the expression and activity of DNA- PK were markedly induced with a concurrent increase in HIF-1alpha expression. Our result also demonstrated that DNA-PK could directly interact with HIF-1, and especially DNA-PKcs, the catalytic subunit of DNA-PK, could be involved in phosphorylation of HIF-1alpha, suggesting the possibility that the enhanced expression of DNA- PK under hypoxic condition might attribute to modulate HIF-1alpha stabilization. Thus, the correlated regulation of DNA-PK with HIF-1 could contribute to therapy resistance in hypoxic tumor cells, and it provides new evidence for developing therapeutic strategies enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapy in hypoxic tumor cells.
Um
Jee Hyun
JH
Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan 602-739, Korea.
Kang
Chi Dug
CD
Bae
Jae Ho
JH
Shin
Gin Gu
GG
Kim
Do Won
DW
Kim
Dong Wan
DW
Chung
Byung Seon
BS
Kim
Sun Hee
SH
D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation
D000906:Antibodies; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; C497263:PRKDC protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D004265:DNA Helicases; C106893:XRCC5 protein, human; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen; D003676:Deferoxamine