P2X7 receptor-mediated apoptosis of human cervical epithelial cells.
Normal human ectocervical epithelial (hECE) cells undergo apoptosis in culture. Baseline apoptosis could be increased by shifting cells to serum-free medium and blocked by lowering extracellular calcium. Treatment with the ATPase apyrase attenuated baseline apoptosis, suggesting that extracellular ATP and purinergic mechanisms control the apoptosis. Treatment with ATP and the P2X7 receptor analog 2'-3'-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5'-triphosphate (BzATP) increased apoptosis significantly, in a time- and dose-related manner. The threshold of ATP effect was 0.5 microM in hECE cells and approximately 1 microM in CaSki cancer cells. The apoptotic effect of BzATP was additive in part to that of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and it could be attenuated by lowering extracellular calcium and by treatment with the caspase-9 inhibitor Leu-Glu-His-Asp-O-methyl-fluoromethylketone (LEHD-FMK). Treatment with BzATP activated caspase-9, and, in contrast to TNF-alpha, it had only a mild effect on caspase-8. Both BzATP and TNF-alpha activated caspase-3, suggesting that BzATP activates predominantly the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Both hECE and CaSki cells secrete ATP into the extracellular fluid, and mean ATP activity in conditioned medium was approximately 0.5 microM, which is in the range of values that suffice to activate the P2X7 receptor. On the basis of these findings we propose a novel autocrine-paracrine mechanism of cervical cell apoptosis that operates by P2X7 receptor control of cytosolic calcium and utilizes the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Wang
Qifang
Q
Department of Reproductive Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Wang
Liqin
L
Feng
Ying-Hong
YH
Li
Xin
X
Zeng
Robin
R
Gorodeski
George I
GI
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C546468:P2RX7 protein, human; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C033901:3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D020169:Caspases; D002118:Calcium