Erythropoietin as a novel neuroprotectant.
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of the current knowledge on neuroprotective properties of Erythropoietin (Epo), mechanisms by which Epo produces neuroprotection, and signaling pathways regulated by Epo in the nervous system.


METHODS
The Medline database was searched for articles on the neuroprotective properties of Epo. Experimental and clinical studies were systematically reviewed.


RESULTS
In addition to promoting the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of immature erythroid cells, Epo and the Epo receptor (EpoR) have recently been shown to exist and function in the nervous system. The Epo/EpoR system plays a critical role in neurodevelopment and neuroprotection. Epo ameliorates or prevents neuronal injury by neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, angiogenic, neurogenic and neurotrophic effects in cell culture and animal models of neurological diseases. The clinical effectiveness of recombinant human Epo in ischemic stroke in human patients has also been reported recently.


CONCLUSIONS
Recent studies suggest that Epo is a potential novel neurotherapeutic agent and further clinical studies are warranted.
Genc
Sermin
S
Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey. sermingenc@hotmail.com
Koroglu
Tolga F
TF
Genc
Kursad
K
D000818:Animals; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D004921:Erythropoietin