Developing quality indicators for older adults: transfer from the USA to the UK is feasible.
BACKGROUND
Measurement of the quality of health care is essential for quality improvement, and patients are an underused source of data about quality of care. We describe the adaptation of a set of USA quality indicators for use in patient interview surveys in England, to measure the extent to which older patients receive a broad range of effective health care interventions in both primary and secondary care.


METHODS
One hundred and nineteen quality indicators covering 16 clinical areas, based on a set of indicators for the care of vulnerable elderly patients in the USA, were reviewed by a panel of 10 clinical experts in England. A modified version of the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was used and panel members were supplied with literature reviews summarising the evidence base for each quality indicator. The indicators were sent for comment before the panel meeting to UK charitable organisations for older people.


RESULTS
The panel rated 102 of the 119 indicators (86%) as valid for use in England; 17 (14%) were rejected as invalid. All 58 indicators about treatment or continuity and follow up were rated as valid compared with just over half (13 of 24) of the indicators about screening.


CONCLUSIONS
These 102 indicators are suitable for use in patient interview surveys, including the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). The systematic measurement of quality of care at the population level and identification of gaps in quality is essential for quality improvement. There is potential for transfer of quality indicators between countries, at least for the health care of older people.
Steel
N
N
Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK. n.steel@uea.ac.uk
Melzer
D
D
Shekelle
P G
PG
Wenger
N S
NS
Forsyth
D
D
McWilliams
B C
BC
D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D032921:Consensus; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000592:standards*; D006761:Hospitals / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000592:standards; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D014481:United States