Improved haemorrheological properties by Ginkgo biloba extract (Egb 761) in type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with retinopathy.
OBJECTIVE
Abnormal haemorrheological property changes in erythrocyte deformability, plasma and blood viscosity, and blood viscoelasticity may play very important roles in the development of microangiopathies in diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we demonstrate the improvement in abnormal haemorrheological parameters in DM with ingestion of Ginkgo biloba extract 761 (Egb 761).


METHODS
Haemorrheological parameters before and 3 months after Egb 761 oral ingestion were determined in 25 type 2 DM patients with retinopathy. These parameters included lipid peroxidation stress of erythrocytes, erythrocyte deformability, plasma and blood viscosity, blood viscoelasticity, and retinal capillary blood flow velocity.


RESULTS
After taking Egb 761 orally for 3 months, the blood viscosity was significantly reduced at different shear rates, by 0.44 +/- 0.10 (gamma = 400), 0.52 +/- 0.09 (gamma = 150) and 2.88 +/- 0.57 (gamma = 5). Viscoelasticity was significantly reduced in diabetic patients by 3.08 +/- 0.78 (0.1 Hz). The level of erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) was reduced by 30%; however, the deformability of erythrocyte was increased by 20%. And lastly, retinal capillary blood flow rate was increased from 3.23 +/- 0.12 to 3.67 +/- 0.24 cm min(-1).


CONCLUSIONS
In this preliminary clinical study, 3 months of oral administration of Egb 761 significantly reduced MDA levels of erythrocytes membranes, decreased fibrinogen levels, promoted erythrocytes deformability, and improved blood viscosity and viscoelasticity, which may facilitate blood perfusion. Furthermore, it effectively improved retinal capillary blood flow rate in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy.
Huang
Shih-Yi
SY
Graduate Institute of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Jeng
Chii
C
Kao
Shou-Chuan
SC
Yu
Joseth Jy-Hau
JJ
Liu
Der-Zen
DZ
D000284:Administration, Oral; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects*; D001809:Blood Viscosity / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004907:Erythrocyte Deformability / Q000187:drug effects; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry*; D018056:Hemorheology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
D008315:Malondialdehyde; D010936:Plant Extracts; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract