Stages of change in smokers with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and in the general population.
This study compared smoking behavior and motivation to quit smoking, assessed with a "stages of change" questionnaire, in outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and in a representative sample of the general population. We conducted a mail survey in a representative sample of the general population of Geneva, Switzerland, in 1996 (n = 742); and a survey of 151 patients with schizophrenia (84%) or schizoaffective disorder (16%) who attended a Geneva ambulatory psychiatric clinic in 2000. There were more smokers (70% vs. 28%, p < 0.001) in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder than in the general population, and fewer ex-smokers (15% vs. 52%, p < 0.001). Patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder smoked more than smokers in the general population (22 vs. 16 cigarettes per day, p < 0.001). Among current smokers, the distribution of stages of change was similar in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (precontemplation 79%, contemplation 18%, preparation 3%) and in the general population sample (74%, 22%, and 4%, p = 0.6). In both samples, similar proportions of smokers had made an attempt to quit in the previous year (27% vs. 22%, p = 0.3). These results suggest that a substantial minority of smokers with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder are motivated to quit smoking, try to quit, and succeed in quitting.
Etter
Manuela
M
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, Case Postale, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Mohr
Sylvia
S
Garin
Claire
C
Etter
Jean-François
JF
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires