Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of fractures in children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether children or adolescents who are exposed to inhaled corticosteroids (ie, beclomethasone, budesonide, fluticasone) are at a higher risk of having bone fractures compared with nonexposed individuals.


METHODS
We performed a population-based nested case-control analysis using data from the United Kingdom-based General Practice Research Database. Within a base population of 273,456 individuals aged 5 to 79 years, we identified by International Classification of Diseases codes children or adolescents who were aged 5 to 17 years with a fracture diagnosis and up to 6 control subjects per case matched to cases on age, gender, general practice attended, calendar time, and years of history in the GPRD. We compared use of inhaled steroids before the index date between fracture cases and control patients.


RESULTS
We identified 3744 cases and 21,757 matched control subjects aged 5 to 17 years. Current exposure to inhaled steroids did not reveal a substantially altered fracture risk compared with nonusers, even in individuals with current longer term exposure (ie, > or =20 prescriptions; adjusted odds ratio 1.15; 95% confidence interval: 0.89-1.48). In individuals with current or previous exposure to oral steroids, the adjusted odds ratio for current long-term inhaled steroid use compared with nonusers was 1.21 (95% confidence interval: 0.99-1.49).


CONCLUSIONS
Exposure to inhaled steroids does not materially increase the fracture risk in children or adolescents compared with nonexposed individuals.
Basel Pharmacoepidemiology Unit, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
Raymond G
RG
Schlienger
Susan S
SS
Jick
Christoph R
CR
Meier
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001507:Beclomethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D000068298:Fluticasone; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000730:Androstadienes; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D019819:Budesonide; D000068298:Fluticasone; D001507:Beclomethasone