The decline in maternal mortality in Sweden: the role of community midwifery.
The maternal mortality rate in Sweden in the early 20th century was one third that in the United States. This rate was recognized by American visitors as an achievement of Swedish maternity care, in which highly competent midwives attend home deliveries. The 19th century decline in maternal mortality was largely caused by improvements in obstetric care, but was also helped along by the national health strategy of giving midwives and doctors complementary roles in maternity care, as well as equal involvement in setting public health policy. The 20th century decline in maternal mortality, seen in all Western countries, was made possible by the emergence of modern medicine. However, the contribution of the mobilization of human resources should not be underestimated, nor should key developments in public health policy.
Högberg
Ulf
U
Obstetrics & Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, University of Umeå, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden. ulf.hogberg@obgyn.umu.se
D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000266:history*; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006700:Home Childbirth / Q000266:history*; D006801:Humans; D008008:Licensure, Nursing / Q000266:history; D008428:Maternal Mortality; D008880:Midwifery / Q000266:history; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000266:history; D009721:Nurse Midwives / Q000266:history*; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000266:history*; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000266:history; D010819:Physician's Role / Q000266:history*; D019555:Physician-Nurse Relations; D011634:Public Health / Q000266:history; D013548:Sweden