Genetic structure and outcrossing rates in Flourensia cernua (Asteraceae) growing at different densities in the South-western Chihuahuan Desert.
OBJECTIVE
Flourensia cernua is a partially self-incompatible, wind-pollinated shrub that grows in two scrub types of contrasting densities. It was anticipated that differences in plant density would affect the amount of genotype availability, and thus higher outcrossing rates and less genetic differentiation would be found at high-density sites.


METHODS
At five high-density sites and at five low-density sites, 11 allozyme loci were analysed in adults. Outcrossing rates were estimated using five allozyme loci sampled from eight families from each scrub type.


RESULTS
High levels of genetic variation were found at all sites (ranging from P = 82-100 %, He = 0.33-0.45, and Ho = 0.4-0.59). Heterozygotes were found in excess (FIS = -0.15 +/- 0.06 s.d.), suggesting that natural selection favours heterozygosity, and there was little differentiation between sites (FST = 0.08 +/- 0.02 s.d.). Life history attributes, such as long-lived habit and wide geographic distribution, as well as the presence of a self-incompatibility system may explain these results. Outcrossing rates did not differ from 1.0 in both scrub types, and there was no genetic differentiation between scrub types (FST = -0.01 +/- 0.004 s.d.).


CONCLUSIONS
The high rate of outcrossing favoured by partial incompatibility may generate unrestricted gene flow between scrub types and thus may explain the lack of differentiation between them. High heterozygosity could be expected in long-lived plants of arid zones as they confront a variable and stressing environment.
Ferrer
Miriam M
MM
Instituto de Ecología A. C., Ap. Postal 63, 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. mferrer@miranda.ecologia.unam.mx
Eguiarte
Luis E
LE
Montana
Carlos
C
D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000235:genetics*; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D006579:Heterozygote; D008957:Models, Genetic