Modified amino acid copolymers suppress myelin basic protein 85-99-induced encephalomyelitis in humanized mice through different effects on T cells.
A humanized mouse bearing the HLA-DR2 (DRA/DRB1*1501) protein associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the myelin basic protein (MBP) 85-99-specific HLA-DR2-restricted T cell receptor from an MS patient has been used to examine the effectiveness of modified amino acid copolymers poly(F,Y,A,K)n and poly-(V,W,A,K)n in therapy of MBP 85-99-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in comparison to Copolymer 1 [Copaxone, poly(Y,E,A,K)n]. The copolymers were designed to optimize binding to HLA-DR2. Vaccination, prevention, and treatment of MBP-induced EAE in the humanized mice with copolymers FYAK and VWAK ameliorated EAE more effectively than Copolymer 1, reduced the number of pathological lesions, and prevented the up-regulation of human HLA-DR on CNS microglia. Moreover, VWAK inhibited MBP 85-99-specific T cell proliferation more efficiently than either FYAK or Copolymer 1 and induced anergy of HLA-DR2-restricted transgenic T cells as its principle mechanism. In contrast, FYAK induced proliferation and a pronounced production of the antiinflammatory T helper 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 from nontransgenic T cells as its principle mechanism of immunosuppression. Thus, copolymers generated by using different amino acids inhibited disease using different mechanisms to regulate T cell responses.
Illés
Zsolt
Z
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Stern
Joel N H
JN
Reddy
Jayagopala
J
Waldner
Hanspeter
H
Mycko
Marcin P
MP
Brosnan
Celia F
CF
Ellmerich
Stephan
S
Altmann
Daniel M
DM
Santambrogio
Laura
L
Strominger
Jack L
JL
Kuchroo
Vijay K
VK
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate; D015802:HLA-DR2 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014611:Vaccination
D016207:Cytokines; D015802:HLA-DR2 Antigen; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C107908:myelin basic protein 85-99; D000068717:Glatiramer Acetate