Toxic ratio as an indicator of the intrinsic toxicity in the assessment of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic chemicals.
Persistence, bioconcentration, and toxicity (PBT) are important hazardous properties of organic chemicals. In PBT assessments, it is desirable that the three criteria P, B, and T are independent. However, this requirement is not fulfilled if an aqueous lethal concentration (LC50) is used as T indicator because LC50 includes both bioconcentration and intrinsic toxicity. Indicators for intrinsic toxicity such asthe internal lethal concentration (ILC) are independent of a chemical's bioconcentration potential. However, ILC50 data are scarce and difficult to measure. Therefore, the toxic ratio (TR) is proposed here as an alternative. TR is defined as the ratio of a chemical's LC50 estimated from a QSAR for baseline toxicity and the experimental LC50 value. TR can also be interpreted as a measure of the ILC relative to the ILC for baseline toxicity. A TR of 10 separates specifically toxic chemicals from baseline toxicants. With some 800 chemicals, the practicability of classifying chemicals in terms of TR is demonstrated. Employing TR as toxicity indicator leads to different T scores for 30% of the chemicals studied. The baseline toxicity of hydrophobic compounds with TR < 10 does not receive a high T score but is still indicated by a high B score. The toxicity of specifically toxic hydrophilic substances is given additional emphasis by high TR values. These classification changes require that the interpretation of the B and T dimensions in PBT assessments is redefined.
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
Valérie
V
Maeder
Beate I
BI
Escher
Martin
M
Scheringer
Konrad
K
Hungerbühler
D000818:Animals; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000378:metabolism; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D021281:Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; D012015:Reference Standards; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity*
D015386:Hazardous Substances; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical