Effect of temperature and sanitizers on the survival of feline calicivirus, Escherichia coli, and F-specific coliphage MS2 on leafy salad vegetables.
We conducted a series of experiments to compare the survival of Escherichia coli, feline calicivirus, and F-specific coliphage MS2 on lettuce and cabbage with and without disinfection. Inoculated produce was held at 4, 25, or 37 degrees C for 21 days or was treated with different concentrations of sodium bicarbonate, chlorine bleach, peroxyacetic acid, or hydrogen peroxide. Survival was measured by the decimal reduction value (time to 90% reduction in titer) and the change in log titers of the test organisms. A stronger correlation of survival measures was observed between feline calicivirus and MS2 than between E. coli and either of the viral agents at 25 and 37 degrees C. The maximum time to detection limit for MS2 at all temperatures was 9 days, whereas feline calicivirus was detected for a maximum of 14 days at 4 degrees C. In contrast, E. coli was detectable for 21 days at 4 and 25 degrees C and for 14 days at 37 degrees C. Significant increases in E. coli titer occurred within the first 5 days, but virus titers decreased steadily throughout the experiments. E. coli was also highly susceptible to all disinfectants except 1% sodium bicarbonate and 50 ppm chlorine bleach, whereas the viruses were resistant to all four disinfectants.
Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
Paul B
PB
Allwood
Yashpal S
YS
Malik
Craig W
CW
Hedberg
Sagar M
SM
Goyal
D001937:Brassica / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018545:Lactuca / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000821:virology; D017909:Levivirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
D004202:Disinfectants