Psychosis in mania: specificity of its role in severity and treatment response.
BACKGROUND
Psychosis is a prominent characteristic of manic episodes. We investigated relationships between the presence of psychotic features, the severity of the manic syndrome, and syndrome severity's response to treatment.


METHODS
179 subjects meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for a manic episode of bipolar I disorder were hospitalized for acute manic episodes and treated in a randomized trial of lithium, divalproex sodium, or placebo. Factor and cluster analyses were carried out using the clinician-rated Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, Change version (SADS-C) and the nurse-rated Affective Disorder Rating Scale (ADRS).


RESULTS
Subjects with psychotic features had significantly (p < .005) greater overall impairment (lower Global Assessment Scale [GAS] scores) but did not differ in severity of mania scores compared with those without psychotic features. Psychosis factor scores correlated significantly (p < .000001) with GAS scores but not with mania scores. Baseline psychosis factor scores did not correlate with subsequent treatment-associated change in mania scores, but change in mania scores during treatment correlated significantly (p < .000001) with change in the psychosis factor. Changes in psychosis factor scores correlated significantly with changes in mania rating scale scores regardless of treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Psychotic features as a component of manic episodes contribute substantially to overall impairment. Treatments that successfully treat mania also reduce psychosis scores.
Swann
Alan C
AC
University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77030, USA. Alan.C.Swann@uth.tmc.edu
Daniel
David G
DG
Kochan
Lisa D
LD
Wozniak
Patricia J
PJ
Calabrese
Joseph R
JR
D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003702:Delusions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010919:Placebos; D014635:Valproic Acid; D008094:Lithium