Nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery: state of the art.
With the development of genomic and proteomic technologies, the prospect for gene therapy has progressed rapidly. This has been partly possible due to the emergence of a diverse array of polymeric and non-polymeric nanoparticles that are being investigated for their ability to deliver genes and drugs. In this review, particles have been pragmatically divided as chitosan-related and chitosan-unrelated nanomaterials. The state of the art in terms of the development, characterisation and evaluation of their in vitro and/or in vivo potential is discussed for each of these various particles. Although substantial progress has been made, the potential of these particles in the clinical arena and human responses remain to be evaluated. It is hoped that this review will provide an impetus for further studies of these particles, with the ultimate intent that one or more of these diverse nanoparticle-based non-viral approaches for gene transfer will translate from 'bench to bedside' in the future.
Ravi Kumar
M
M
Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SASNagar, Mohali, India.
Hellermann
Gary
G
Lockey
Richard F
RF
Mohapatra
Shyam S
SS
D000818:Animals; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004705:Endocytosis; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008055:Lipids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D049329:Nanostructures; D009928:Organ Specificity; D011094:Polyethyleneimine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011107:Polylysine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011108:Polymers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014162:Transfection
D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D008055:Lipids; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011107:Polylysine; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D011094:Polyethyleneimine; D048271:Chitosan