Effect of once-daily dosing vs. multiple daily dosing of tobramycin on enzyme markers of nephrotoxicity.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence of nephrotoxicity of once-daily dosing (ODD) and multiple daily dosing (MDD) regimens of tobramycin in critically ill patients.


METHODS
Randomized, prospective clinical trial.


METHODS
: Adult intensive care units at two university hospitals.


METHODS
Fifty-eight critically ill patients with a suspected or documented aerobic Gram-negative infection.


METHODS
Patients were randomized to receive tobramycin by ODD (7 mg/kg) or MDD. Baseline urine aliquots and 24-hr urine collections were collected on days 3, 7, and 11 during therapy and on days 3, 7, and 11 following discontinuation of therapy for measurement of alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), and creatinine.


RESULTS
Fifty-four patients were evaluable (ODD n = 25; MDD n = 29). The groups were similar with regard to demographic and clinical variables. The tobramycin dose was higher in the ODD group compared with the MDD group (425 +/- 122.5 mg vs. 312.8 +/- 116.6 mg, p <.001). Patients in the MDD group received a mean of 3.89 +/- 1.14 mg.kg(-1)day(-1) at intervals of 11.92 +/- 3.12 hrs. In the ODD group, patients had a higher measured creatinine clearance at the end of therapy compared with MDD group (70 +/- 18.6 vs. 64.8 +/- 17.5 mL/min, p =.047). Fewer patients in the ODD group developed nephrotoxicity than the MDD group (5 vs. 12, p =.142). Although there were increases in urinary enzymes in both treatment groups (AAP, 8.7 +/- 2.9 vs. 5.2 +/- 2.1 units/24 hrs, p <.01 MDD vs. ODD; NAG, 14.7 +/- 4.9 vs. 6.8 +/- 3.1, p <.01 MDD vs. ODD), the increases in the ODD group were significantly lower than in the MDD group.


CONCLUSIONS
: The ODD tobramycin regimen appeared to be less nephrotoxic than the MDD regimen despite significantly higher doses. Tobramycin administered by ODD may be the preferred dosing method in selected critically ill medical patients to reduce the incidence and extent of renal damage.
Olsen
Keith M
KM
Department of Pharmacy Practice,University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986045 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA. kolsen@unmc.edu
Rudis
Maria I
MI
Rebuck
Jill A
JA
Hara
Jill
J
Gelmont
Dave
D
Mehdian
Ramin
R
Nelson
Casey
C
Rupp
Mark E
ME
D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000652:urine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000652:urine; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine; D010740:Phospholipases; D000118:Acetylglucosaminidase; D018826:CD13 Antigens; D014031:Tobramycin