Neuroimaging in cerebral palsy.
Parents and clinicians concerned about high-risk infants and children with motor delay or cerebral palsy seek information on cause, treatment, prognosis, and recurrence risk. Used in combination with history and examination, neuroimaging studies can improve diagnosis and management. In premature infants, cranial ultrasound is a reliable, noninvasive diagnostic modality. Nuclear magnetic resonance techniques including magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion weighted imaging can be used effectively in neonatal encephalopathies. In children with motor delay and cerebral palsy syndromes including spastic diplegia, quadriplegia, hemiplegia, and extrapyramidal movement disorders, conventional magnetic resonance imaging has become an important determinant of diagnosis and management. The aim of this article is to help clinicians select and interpret imaging studies of benefit in clinical care.
Accardo
Jennifer
J
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Division of Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Kammann
Heather
H
Hoon
Alexander H
AH
D000367:Age Factors; D001921:Brain / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D002657:Child Development; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003943:Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009485:Neuroradiography; D018579:Patient Selection; D010808:Physical Examination; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial