Identification and management of psychosocial problems among toddlers in Dutch preventive child health care.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the degree to which preventive child health professionals (CHPs) identify and manage psychosocial problems among preschool children in the general population and to determine the association with parent-reported behavioral and emotional problems, sociodemographic factors, and mental health history of children.


METHODS
The CHPs examined the child and interviewed the parents and child during their routine health assessments. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was completed by the parents.


METHODS
Sixteen child health care services across the Netherlands that routinely provided well-child care to nearly all preschool children.


METHODS
Of 2354 children aged 21 months to 4 years who were eligible for a routine health assessment, 2229 (94.7%) participated.


METHODS
Identification and management of psychosocial problems by CHPs.


RESULTS
In 9.4% of all children, CHPs identified psychosocial problems. Two in 5 of the CHP-identified children were referred for additional diagnosis and treatment. Identification of psychosocial problems and subsequent referral were much more likely in children with a clinical CBCL total problems score than in others (identification: 29% vs 7%; odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 5.40 [3.45-8.47]; referral: 15% vs 3%; odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 6.50 [3.69-11.46]).


CONCLUSIONS
The CHPs frequently identify psychosocial problems in preschool children, although less than among school-aged children, but they miss many cases of parent-reported problems as measured by a clinical CBCL score. This general population study shows substantial room for improvement in the early identification of psychosocial problems.
Reijneveld
Sijmen A
SA
TNO (Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research) Prevention and Health, Leiden, the Netherlands. S.A.Reijneveld@med.rug.nl
Brugman
Emily
E
Verhulst
Frank C
FC
Verloove-Vanhorick
S Pauline
SP
D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017677:Age Distribution; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004522:Educational Status; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors