T-cell activation and the balance of antibody isotypes in human lymphatic filariasis.
Human filarial infection presents a spectrum of clinical states with two major poles: asymptomatic microfilaraemia and amicrofilaraemic chronic disease. Microfilaremia is associated with a Th1-type tolerance, and maximal IgG4 antibodies, while elephantiasis patients react across a broad range of immune parameters. In this review, Rick Maizels and his colleagues discuss recent advances in the immunology of human filariasis and present a summary of their latest studies in an endemic area of Indonesia.
Maizels
R M
RM
Research Centre for Parasitic Infections. Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London, UK SW7 2BB. r.maizels@ic.ac.uk
Sartono
E
E
Kurniawan
A
A
Partono
F
F
Selkirk
M E
ME
Yazdanbakhsh
M
M