Locked nucleic acid: a potent nucleic acid analog in therapeutics and biotechnology.
Locked nucleic acid (LNA) is a class of nucleic acid analogs possessing very high affinity and excellent specificity toward complementary DNA and RNA, and LNA oligonucleotides have been applied as antisense molecules both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we briefly describe the basic physiochemical properties of LNA and some of the difficulties that may be encountered when applying LNA technology. The central part of the review focuses on the use of LNA molecules in regulation of gene expression, including delivery to cells, stability, unspecific effects, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and design of LNA oligonucleotides. The last part evaluates LNA as a diagnostic tool in genotyping.
Jepsen
Jan Stenvang
JS
Department of Tumor Endocrinology, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark. jsj@cancer.dk
Sørensen
Mads D
MD
Wengel
Jesper
J
D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D015195:Drug Design; D006801:Humans; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016914:Ribonuclease H / Q000378:metabolism
D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; C477371:locked nucleic acid; D016914:Ribonuclease H