Depression and late mortality after myocardial infarction in the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) study.
OBJECTIVE
The Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease study was a multicenter clinical trial in which patients with depression and/or low perceived social support after an acute myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to an intervention consisting of cognitive behavior therapy and, in some cases, sertraline, or to usual care. There was no difference in survival between the groups. A possible reason why the intervention failed to affect survival is that too many patients with mild, transient depression were enrolled. Another is that some patients died too soon to complete the intervention. This analysis evaluates whether there was a difference in late (ie, > or =6 months after the myocardial infarction) mortality among initially depressed patients who had a Beck Depression Inventory score > or =10 and a past history of major depression, and who completed the 6-month post-treatment assessment. It also examines the relationship between change in depression and late mortality.


METHODS
Out of the 1,165 (47%) of the Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease study participants who met our criteria, 57 died in the first 6 months, and 858 (409 usual care, 449 intervention) completed the 6-month assessment. Cox regression was used to analyze survival.


RESULTS
The intervention did not affect late mortality. However, intervention patients whose depression did not improve were at higher risk for late mortality than were patients who responded to treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients whose depression is refractory to cognitive behavior therapy and sertraline, two standard treatments for depression, are at high risk for late mortality after myocardial infarction.
Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Medicine Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA. carneyr@bmc.wustl.edu
Robert M
RM
Carney
James A
JA
Blumenthal
Kenneth E
KE
Freedland
Marston
M
Youngblood
Richard C
RC
Veith
Matthew M
MM
Burg
Carol
C
Cornell
Patrice G
PG
Saab
Peter G
PG
Kaufmann
Susan M
SM
Czajkowski
Allan S
AS
Jaffe
D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012944:Social Support; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline