Inflammatory and redox responses to ischaemia/reperfusion in human skeletal muscle.
The objective of this study was to identify cellular and plasma marker(s) of post-I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion) in patients undergoing elective knee surgery where a tourniquet was used to facilitate a bloodless surgical field. We evaluated the inflammatory and redox response by measuring the mRNA levels of ICAM-1 (intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1), MnSOD (manganese superoxide dismutase), GST-mu (glutathione transferase-mu) and Cu/ZnSOD (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase) in the operated muscle and blood cells pre-operatively (pre-tourniquet) and at various times after reperfusion (tourniquet release). We also measured plasma concentrations of IL (interleukin)-6, IL-8, sICAM-1 (soluble ICAM-1), IL-1beta and TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha) using ELISA. Our results show a strong induction of MnSOD and GST-mu in granulocytes (but not in mononuclear cells or muscle) after reperfusion (2 and 4 h). There was no change in the mRNA level of Cu/ZnSOD after reperfusion. An up-regulation of membrane ICAM-1 in muscle and a decrease in sICAM-1 in plasma were detected after reperfusion. Plasma IL-6 and IL-8 levels (but not TNF-alpha or IL-1beta) increased significantly over baseline at 2 and 4 h after reperfusion. Elevated expression of ICAM-1 in muscle, MnSOD and GST-mu in granulocytes and increased levels of plasma IL-6 and IL-8 may be considered as phase- and cell-specific markers of post-I/R of skeletal muscle in humans.
Huda
Ruksana
R
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-0591, USA. rhuda@utmb.edu
Solanki
Daneshvari R
DR
Mathru
Mali
M
D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000601:surgery; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D014111:Tourniquets; D015854:Up-Regulation
D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1