Serum cholesterol concentrations are associated with visuomotor speed in men: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.
BACKGROUND
Current international recommendations advise aggressive treatment of relative hypercholesterolemia despite an incomplete understanding of any neurobehavioral effects of low or lowered serum cholesterol.


OBJECTIVE
The objective was to examine the relation between serum cholesterol concentrations and performance in immediate memory, visuomotor speed, and coding speed tests.


METHODS
The participants were 4110 adults aged 20-59 y who completed a set of neurobehavioral tests and had blood specimens collected as a part of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.


RESULTS
After adjustment for sociodemographic variables, serum trace elements and vitamins, dietary energy intake, and risk factors for cardiovascular disease, we found inverse linear associations of serum total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol with visuomotor speed in men. The least-squares mean (+/- SE) visuomotor speeds were 231.6 +/- 2.6, 224.0 +/- 2.2, and 218.9 +/- 2.5 ms, respectively, for men with serum total cholesterol concentrations below the 25th, between the 25th and the 75th, and at or above the 75th percentile (P for trend < 0.001) and were 231.7 +/- 2.7, 225.8 +/- 2.4, and 214.1 +/- 2.3 ms, respectively, for men with a non-HDL-cholesterol concentration below the 25th, between the 25th and the 75th, and at or above the 75th percentile (P for trend < 0.001). No significant associations were observed between memory or coding speed and the selected serum cholesterol measures in men, and the scores of the 3 neurobehavioral tests were unrelated to serum cholesterol in women.


CONCLUSIONS
Low serum total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol are associated with slow visuomotor speed in young and middle-aged men.
Division of Health and Family Studies, Institute for Families in Society, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. jzhang02@gwm.sc.edu
Jian
J
Zhang
Matthew F
MF
Muldoon
Robert E
RE
McKeown
D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D014481:United States
D002784:Cholesterol