In vivo cytokine secretion and NF-kappaB activation around titanium and copper implants.
The early biological response at titanium (Ti), copper (Cu)-coated Ti and sham sites was evaluated in an in vivo rat model. Material surface chemical and topographical properties were characterized using Auger electron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and interferometry, respectively. The number of leukocytes, cell types and cell viability (release of lactate dehydrogenase) were determined in the implant-interface exudate. The contents of activated nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. An increase in the number of leukocytes, in particular, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, was observed between 12 and 48 h around Cu. A marked decrease of exudate cell viability was found around Cu after 48 h. The total amounts of activated NF-kappaB after 12 h was highest in Ti exudates whereas after 48 h the highest amount of NF-kappaB was detected around Cu. The levels of cytokine IL-6 were consistently high around Cu at both time periods. No differences in IL-10 contents were detected, irrespective of material/sham and time. The results show that materials with different toxicity grades (titanium with low and copper with high toxicity) exhibit early differences in the activation of NF-kappaB, extracellular expression and secretion of mediators, causing major differences in inflammatory cell accumulation and death in vivo.
Suska
Felicia
F
Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Surgical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 8B, Box 412, SE-40531 Göteborg, Sweden. felicia.suska@biomaterials.gu.se
Gretzer
Christina
C
Esposito
Marco
M
Emanuelsson
Lena
L
Wennerberg
Ann
A
Tengvall
Pentti
P
Thomsen
Peter
P
D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003300:Copper; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008422:Materials Testing; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014025:Titanium
D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016753:Interleukin-10; D003300:Copper; D014025:Titanium