Structure of the photolyase-like domain of cryptochrome 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana.
Signals generated by cryptochrome (CRY) blue-light photoreceptors are responsible for a variety of developmental and circadian responses in plants. The CRYs are also identified as circadian blue-light photoreceptors in Drosophila and components of the mammalian circadian clock. These flavoproteins all have an N-terminal domain that is similar to photolyase, and most have an additional C-terminal domain of variable length. We present here the crystal structure of the photolyase-like domain of CRY-1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. The structure reveals a fold that is very similar to photolyase, with a single molecule of FAD noncovalently bound to the protein. The surface features of the protein and the dissimilarity of a surface cavity to that of photolyase account for its lack of DNA-repair activity. Previous in vitro experiments established that the photolyase-like domain of CRY-1 can bind Mg.ATP, and we observe a single molecule of an ATP analog bound in the aforementioned surface cavity, near the bound FAD cofactor. The structure has implications for the signaling mechanism of CRY blue-light photoreceptors.
Brautigam
Chad A
CA
Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9050, USA.
Smith
Barbara S
BS
Ma
Zhiquan
Z
Palnitkar
Maya
M
Tomchick
Diana R
DR
Machius
Mischa
M
Deisenhofer
Johann
J
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000266:Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D056931:Cryptochromes; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004255:Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide / Q000378:metabolism; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D055672:Static Electricity
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; C538962:CRY1 protein, Arabidopsis; D056931:Cryptochromes; D005420:Flavoproteins; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005182:Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; D000266:Adenylyl Imidodiphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004255:Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase