TetraThymosinbeta is required for actin dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans and acts via functionally different actin-binding repeats.
Generating specific actin structures via controlled actin polymerization is a prerequisite for eukaryote development and reproduction. We here report on an essential Caenorhabditis elegans protein tetraThymosinbeta expressed in developing neurons and crucial during oocyte maturation in adults. TetraThymosinbeta has four repeats, each related to the actin monomer-sequestering protein thymosinbeta 4 and assists in actin filament elongation. For homologues with similar multirepeat structures, a profilin-like mechanism of ushering actin onto filament barbed ends, based on the formation of a 1:1 complex, is proposed to underlie this activity. We, however, demonstrate that tetraThymosinbeta binds multiple actin monomers via different repeats and in addition also interacts with filamentous actin. All repeats need to be functional for attaining full activity in various in vitro assays. The activities on actin are thus a direct consequence of the repeated structure. In containing both G- and F-actin interaction sites, tetraThymosinbeta may be reminiscent of nonhomologous multimodular actin regulatory proteins implicated in actin filament dynamics. A mutation that suppresses expression of tetraThymosinbeta is homozygous lethal. Mutant organisms develop into adults but display a dumpy phenotype and fail to reproduce as their oocytes lack essential actin structures. This strongly suggests that the activity of tetraThymosinbeta is of crucial importance at specific developmental stages requiring actin polymerization.
Van Troys
Marleen
M
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University and Medical Protein Research, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium. leen.vantroys@ugent.be
Ono
Kanako
K
Dewitte
Daisy
D
Jonckheere
Veronique
V
De Ruyck
Natalie
N
Vandekerckhove
Joël
J
Ono
Shoichiro
S
Ampe
Christophe
C
D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013947:Thymosin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D000199:Actins; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C504755:tetrathymosinbeta, C elegans; D013947:Thymosin