Antimicrobial-resistance and enterotoxin-encoding genes among staphylococci isolated from expressed human breast milk.
Resistance traits and the presence of enterotoxin-encoding genes were investigated in staphylococcus isolates obtained from expressed human breast milk. A total of 54 staphylococcal isolates identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (53.6 %), Staphylococcus warneri (20.4 %), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (13 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (13 %) were investigated. By using a disc-diffusion method, higher rates of resistance, including intermediate resistance, were observed for penicillin (87 %) and erythromycin (59.3 %). All strains were susceptible to clindamycin and vancomycin. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by a macrodilution method for four clinically relevant antimicrobial drugs. High rates of resistance or intermediate resistance were observed for erythromycin, gentamicin and oxacillin. Additionally, three isolates showed reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (MIC, 8 microg ml(-1)). Genetic determinants of resistance were detected by using PCR and the results showed good correlation with the macrodilution tests. Moreover, in four staphylococcus isolates, the presence of enterotoxin-encoding genes (seg, seh and sea) was identified. The results demonstrated that expressed human breast milk can be a reservoir of multiresistant staphylococci that may also harbour important virulent determinants.
Carneiro
Letícia A M
LAM
Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, Fundos - 3o andar, 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Queiroz
Mara L P
MLP
Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, Fundos - 3o andar, 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Merquior
Vânia L C
VLC
Disciplina de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, Fundos - 3o andar, 20551-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D004917:Erythromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000382:microbiology*; D010068:Oxacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010406:Penicillins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041162:Staphylococcus haemolyticus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018089:Superantigens / Q000235:genetics; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004768:Enterotoxins; D005839:Gentamicins; D010406:Penicillins; C402489:Staphylococcal enterotoxin H; D018089:Superantigens; C419397:enterotoxin G, staphylococcal; D002981:Clindamycin; D004917:Erythromycin; D014640:Vancomycin; D010068:Oxacillin