Cancer genes and the pathways they control.
The revolution in cancer research can be summed up in a single sentence: cancer is, in essence, a genetic disease. In the last decade, many important genes responsible for the genesis of various cancers have been discovered, their mutations precisely identified, and the pathways through which they act characterized. The purposes of this review are to highlight examples of progress in these areas, indicate where knowledge is scarce and point out fertile grounds for future investigation.
Vogelstein
Bert
B
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA. vogelbe@welch.jhu.edu
Kinzler
Kenneth W
KW
D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009857:Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C400551:GLI1 protein, human; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases