Evaluation of chitosan-alginate-hyaluronate complexes modified by an RGD-containing protein as tissue-engineering scaffolds for cartilage regeneration.
In this study, a series of natural biodegradable materials in the form of chitosan (C)-alginate (A)-hyaluronate (H) complexes are evaluated as tissue-engineering scaffolds. The weight ratio of C/A is 1 : 1 or 1 : 2. Sodium hyaluronate is mixed in 2%. The complexes can be cast into films or fabricated as scaffolds. Their surface can be further modified by an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing protein, a cellulose-binding domain-RGD (R). Cytocompatibility tests of the films are conducted using immortalized rat chondrocyte (IRC) as well as primary articular chondrocytes harvested from rabbits. The neocartilage formation in cell-seeded scaffolds is examined in vitro as well as in rabbits, where the scaffolds are implanted into the defect-containing joints. The results from cytocompatibility tests demonstrate that R enhances cell attachment and proliferation on C-A and C-A-H complex films. Complex C1A1HR (C : A = 1 : 1 with H and R) has better performance than the other formulation. Cells retain their spherical morphology on all C-A and C-A-H complexes. The in vitro evaluation of the seeded scaffolds indicates that the C1A1HR complex is the most appropriate for 3-D culture, manifested by the better cell growth as well as higher glycosaminoglycan and collagen contents. When the chondrocyte scaffolds are implanted into rabbit knee cartilage defects, partial repair is observed after 1 month in C1A1HR as well as in C1A1 (C : A = 1 : 1 without H and R) scaffolds. The defects are completely repaired in 6 months when C1A1HR constructs are implanted. It is concluded that C1A1HR is a potential tissue-engineering scaffold for cartilage regeneration.
Hsu
Shan-hui
SH
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan. shhsu@nchu.edu.tw
Whu
Shu Wen
SW
Hsieh
Shu-Chih
SC
Tsai
Ching-Lin
CL
Chen
David Chanhen
DC
Tan
Tai-Sheng
TS
D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002455:Cell Division; D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D023421:Models, Animal; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011506:Proteins; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan