Efficacy of pneumococcal immunization in patients with renal disease--what is the data?
OBJECTIVE
There is an increased incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in patients with renal allografts, chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), or nephrotic syndrome (NS). Routine pneumococcal immunization (PI) has been recommended for these patients, but the efficacy of PI in this population is not well established.


METHODS
A review was done of studies that reported the immunologic response, efficacy, or safety of PI in patients with renal allografts, CRI, or NS.


RESULTS
On review of 26 published studies of PI in this population, all studies demonstrated a serologic response by the majority of patients to at least some pneumococcal serotypes. Use of steroids did not alter this response. In the studies with a greater than 6-month follow-up, declining antibody titers were consistently reported, and this decline was usually more rapid than in healthy controls. However, because the studies of the efficacy of PI in this population involve small numbers of patients and are not controlled, the significance of this decline in titers is not known. The incidence of serious adverse reactions to PI is very low.


CONCLUSIONS
Pending more data, patients with renal transplants, CRI, or NS should continue to be offered PI.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada. jr3@ualbera.ca
Joan
J
Robinson
D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines