Clinical evaluation of anterior vaginal wall support defects: interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the interobserver and intraobserver reliability of the clinical examination of anterior vaginal wall support defects.


METHODS
Sixty-three patients with at least stage II anterior vaginal wall prolapse were prospectively evaluated with a standardized examination to detect anterior vaginal wall support defects. Interobserver reliability was assessed with a duplicate examination performed by a blinded second examiner. Intraobserver reliability was assessed with a second examination performed at least 3 weeks later by 1 of the original 2 examiners. Examination reliability for the 4 types of defects (central, right lateral, left lateral, and superior) was evaluated with the kappa statistic.


RESULTS
The inter- and intraexaminer reliability of the clinical examination for central, superior, and right and left paravaginal defects was poor; all kappas were less than 0.50. Overall interexaminer agreement was 42% with a kappa of 0.16 (95% CI, 0-0.32). Overall intraexaminer agreement was 46% with a kappa of 0.16 (95% CI, 0-0.45). Reliability was noted to improve with increasing stage of prolapse.


CONCLUSIONS
The clinical examination of anterior vaginal wall support defects displays poor interexaminer and intraexaminer agreement.
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. whitesj1@ccf.org
James L
JL
Whiteside
Matthew D
MD
Barber
Marie F
MF
Paraiso
Cathy M
CM
Hugney
Mark D
MD
Walters
D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000175:diagnosis*