Effect of different high-palladium metal-ceramic alloys on the color of opaque and dentin porcelain.
BACKGROUND
The color of dental porcelain depends on the type of metal substrate. Little research has been done to document the effects of different types of high-palladium alloys on the color of dental porcelain.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different high-palladium alloys on the resulting color of dentin porcelain, as well as on that of opaque porcelain after simulated dentin and glazing firing cycles.


METHODS
Three Pd-Cu-Ga alloys, Spartan Plus (S), Liberty (B), and Freedom Plus (F), and 5 Pd-Ga alloys, Legacy (L), IS 85 (I), Protocol (P), Legacy XT (X), and Jelenko No.1 (N), were examined. A Pd-Ag alloy, Super Star (T), was included for comparison to the high-palladium alloys, and the Au-Pd alloy, Olympia (O), served as the control. Six cast discs (16 x 1 mm) were prepared from each of the alloys. Shade B1 opaque porcelain (Vita-Omega) was applied at a final thickness of 0.1 mm. After 2 opaque porcelain firing cycles, the surfaces were airborne-particle abraded, and the specimens were divided into 2 groups. In the first group, 0.9 mm of B1 dentin porcelain was applied. The other group of specimens with only opaque porcelain underwent the same dentin porcelain and glazing firing cycles. Color differences (DeltaE) were determined with a colorimeter between the control and each experimental group, after the second opaque porcelain, second dentin porcelain, and glazing firing cycles. One-way analysis of variance and Dunnett's multiple range test were performed on the DeltaE data (alpha=.05).


RESULTS
After the application of dentin porcelain, the 3 Pd-Cu-Ga alloys showed significantly different (P<.05) DeltaE values (S=2.3 +/- 0.5, B=1.4 +/- 0.3, and F=1.3 +/- 0.7) than the control group. After the glazing cycle of this group, the 3 Pd-Cu-Ga alloys and the Pd-Ag alloy exhibited significantly different (P<.05) DeltaE values (S=2.8 +/- 0.8, B=2.2 +/- 0.3, F=1.9 +/- 1.0, and T=1.4 +/- 0.5) than the control group. After the simulated dentin porcelain firing cycles, the specimens with only opaque porcelain exhibited significantly different (P<.05) DeltaE values (S=5.2 +/- 1.4, B=5.4 +/- 0.6, and F=3.9 +/- 0.2) than the control group. The color difference between the 3 Pd-Cu-Ga alloys with only opaque porcelain and the control group increased more after the simulated glazing cycle (S=6.6 +/- 1.5, B=6.3 +/- 0.5, and F=4.6 +/- 0.1). The observed color differences between the Pd-Ga alloys and the control group were not statistically significant at any point.


CONCLUSIONS
The Pd-Cu-Ga alloys with only opaque porcelain, after the simulated dentin porcelain and glazing firing cycles, exhibited clinically unacceptable color differences. The application of dentin porcelain to the Pd-Cu-Ga alloys resulted in clinically acceptable color differences. The application of dentin porcelain to the Pd-Ag alloy, after the glazing firing cycle, resulted in clinically acceptable color differences (approximately 2.8 to 3.7 DeltaE CIELAB units). The Pd-Ag alloy specimens with only opaque porcelain did not exhibit significant color differences from the control group, whereas significant color differences from the control group after the dentin porcelain and glazing firing cycles were still clinically acceptable.
School of Dentistry, University of Geneva, Switzerland. mstaurid@dent.uoa.gr
Minos M
MM
Stavridakis
Efstratios
E
Papazoglou
Robert R
RR
Seghi
William M
WM
Johnston
William A
WA
Brantley
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003124:Colorimetry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D003804:Dentin / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005708:Gallium / Q000737:chemistry; D006047:Gold Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys / Q000737:chemistry*; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry
D006047:Gold Alloys; D016876:Metal Ceramic Alloys; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D012834:Silver; D010165:Palladium; D003300:Copper; D005708:Gallium