Effect of leukocyte depletion on endothelial cell activation and transendothelial migration of leukocytes during cardiopulmonary bypass.
BACKGROUND
Although leukocyte depletion from systemic circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been studied, the effect of leukocyte depletion on the leukocyte-endothelial cascade remains poorly understood. So far, there has been no published work on the effects of leukocyte filters during cardiac operations from the viewpoint of endothelial activation and transendothelial neutrophil migration.


METHODS
Thirty-two patients undergoing elective heart operations were randomly allocated to a leukocyte-depletion (LD) group or a control group. Blood samples were collected at seven time points: before sternotomy, at 30 minutes and at 60 minutes of CPB, at 5 minutes after coronary reperfusion, at the end of CPB, and at 2 hours and 24 hours after the cessation of CPB. The plasma concentrations of P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin-8, and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was determined by measurement of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in plasma. In addition, blood samples collected at intervals before and after operation were used for arterial blood gases.


RESULTS
Our studies show significant increases of plasma levels of P-selectin, ICAM-1, interleukin-8, PECAM-1, and MDA during and after CPB in the control group. Interestingly, a significant decrease of plasma levels of P-selectin, ICAM-1, interleukin-8, PECAM-1, and MDA, and better preservation of lung function could be found in the LD group compared with the control group.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate a rationale for using a leukocyte filter in patients undergoing cardiac surgery to attenuate the endothelial-mediated component of the CPB-induced inflammatory response by reducing endothelial activation and neutrophil transmigration.
Chen
Ying-Fu
YF
Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. yfchen@cc.kmu.edu.tw
Tsai
Wen-Chan
WC
Lin
Ching-Cheng
CC
Tsai
Li-Yu
LY
Lee
Chee-Siong
CS
Huang
Chiung-Hui
CH
Pan
Pi-Chen
PC
Chen
Man-Lin
ML
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002465:Cell Movement; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D047589:Leukocyte Reduction Procedures; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
D016209:Interleukin-8; D019007:P-Selectin; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D008315:Malondialdehyde