Preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates endogenous glucose release 3 days after surgery.
OBJECTIVE
Postoperative metabolism is characterised by insulin resistance and a negative whole-body nitrogen balance. Preoperative carbohydrate treatment reduces insulin resistance in the first day after surgery. We hypothesised that preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment attenuates insulin resistance and improves whole-body nitrogen balance 3 days after surgery.


METHODS
Fourteen patients undergoing total hip replacement were double-blindly randomised to preoperative oral carbohydrate treatment (12.5%, 800 + 400 ml, n = 8) or placebo (n = 6). Glucose kinetics (6,6-D2-glucose), substrate utilisation (indirect calorimetry) and insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp) were measured preoperatively and on the third day after surgery. Nitrogen losses were monitored for 3 days after surgery. Values are mean (SEM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics were used.


RESULTS
Endogenous glucose release during insulin infusion increased after surgery in the placebo group. Preoperative carbohydrate treatment, as compared to placebo, significantly attenuated postoperative endogenous glucose release (0.69 (0.07) vs. 1.21 (0.13)mg kg(-1) x min(-1), P < 0.01), while whole-body glucose disposal and nitrogen balance were similar between groups.


CONCLUSIONS
While insulin resistance in the first day after surgery has previously been characterised by reduced glucose disposal, enhanced endogenous glucose release was the main component of postoperative insulin resistance on the third postoperative day. Preoperative carbohydrate treatment attenuated endogenous glucose release on the third postoperative day.
Soop
Mattias
M
Karolinska Institutet, Centre for Surgical Sciences at Centre for Gastrointestinal Disease at Ersta Hospital, PO Box 4622, SE 11691 Stockholm, Sweden.
Nygren
Jonas
J
Thorell
Anders
A
Weidenhielm
Lars
L
Lundberg
Mari
M
Hammarqvist
Folke
F
Ljungqvist
Olle
O
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013997:Time Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D002241:Carbohydrates; D009584:Nitrogen