Memory accuracy of a real-life simulated incident.
Due to an awareness that both laboratory and real-life research present limitations, the present study attempts to combine the two research approaches, making use of the strengths of both methodologies. A real-life situation was created in a classroom and combined with laboratory conditions to determine the influence of certain variables (occupation, age, gender, race and retention interval) on the accuracy of eyewitness reporting. A total of 295 participants consisting of 12- to 14-year-olds, University students, the public and Police College students were divided into a short- and long-term memory group. The short-term group were assessed immediately after witnessing the incident, while the long-term group were only assessed five to six weeks later. It was found that the effect of passage of time was insubstantial; however, the performance of the short-term group had already been disconcertingly poor. The school children did not perform significantly less well than other occupational groups, and the members of the Police did not perform significantly better than the other groups. No significant differences were found for the different gender and racial groups.
Centre for Psychology and Law, Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
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Louw
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Venter
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003415:Crime; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D011939:Mental Recall; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000523:psychology