A retrospective drug utilization evaluation of vancomycin usage in paediatric patients.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the appropriateness of use of vancomycin in paediatric patients at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, the major paediatric hospital in Singapore to identify potential problems in prescribing practices that may necessitate intervention to optimize vancomycin usage.


METHODS
A retrospective drug utilization evaluation was performed for paediatric patients who received intravenous vancomycin from 1 June 1998 to 31 June 1999. The outcome measures were consistency of vancomycin indication with recommended guidelines, dosing regimens, microbiological data, monitoring of serum drug levels, renal function, clinical outcomes and adverse drug reactions (ADRs).


RESULTS
A total of 96 cases was available for evaluation. Sixty-two (64.6%) courses of vancomycin were consistent with guidelines for indication of therapy. Eighty-six (89.6%) of the dosing regimen were consistent. All infusion times that were recorded (56.3%) were consistent with criteria. Of the patients treated with vancomycin for more than 1 day, peak and/or trough serum vancomycin levels were ordered for 70 cases. Of the 56 cases with paired levels ordered, 46 cases had at least one level that fell outside the therapeutic range. Nineteen (19.8%) cases of ADRs were documented. Fifty-eight (60.4%) cases received concurrent nephrotoxic drugs. However, a substantial portion of vancomycin courses were apparently not prescribed for appropriate indications, and there was poor recording of vancomycin administration information and sampling time.


CONCLUSIONS
The majority of dosing regimens of vancomycin was consistent with guideline criteria. The most evident problem was the sub-optimal use of the monitoring of vancomycin serum levels. The information derived from this study may be used as a for further study and for the development of strategies for optimize vancomycin usage.
Department of Pharmacy, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
W C
WC
Hing
S J
SJ
Bek
R T P
RT
Lin
S C
SC
Li
D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012846:Singapore; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin