Ethanol inhibits in-vitro metabolism of nifedipine, triazolam and testosterone in human liver microsomes.
Although extended exposure to ethanol induces CYP3A metabolism in-vivo, the acute effects of ethanol on CYP3A metabolism have not been fully evaluated in-vitro. We assessed the effect of ethanol on CYP3A-mediated biotransformation using human liver microsomes in-vitro with three prototypic CYP3A-mediated reactions: nifedipine to oxidized nifedipine, triazolam to its 1-hydroxy (1-OH TRZ) and 4-hydroxy (4-OH TRZ) metabolites, and testosterone to 6beta-hydroxytestosterone (6beta-OH TST). Ethanol inhibited metabolism of nifedipine (oxidized nifedipine IC50 3 mg dL(-1), where the IC50 value is the inhibitor concentration corresponding to a 50% reduction in metabolite formation velocity), triazolam (1-OH TRZ IC50 1.1 mg dL(-1), 4-OH TRZ IC50 2.7 mg dL(-1)) and testosterone (6beta-OH TST IC50 2.4 mg dL(-1)). The inhibitory potency of ethanol was similar for the three substrates representing the three hypothetical CYP3A substrate categories. The IC50 values obtained were lower than clinically relevant blood alcohol concentrations. In conclusion, ethanol is an inhibitor of human CYP3A metabolism and may contribute to clinically important interactions.
Patki
Kiran C
KC
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Greenblatt
David J
DJ
von Moltke
Lisa L
LL
D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000187:drug effects*; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D004347:Drug Interactions; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation / Q000187:drug effects; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000187:drug effects*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D014229:Triazolam / Q000378:metabolism*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000378:metabolism*
D000728:Androgens; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D014229:Triazolam; D000431:Ethanol; D013739:Testosterone; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; D009543:Nifedipine