T-cell activation and the balance of antibody isotypes in human lymphatic filariasis.
Human filarial infection presents a spectrum of clinical states with two major poles: asymptomatic microfilaraemia and amicrofilaraemic chronic disease. Microfilaremia is associated with a Th1-type tolerance, and maximal IgG4 antibodies, while elephantiasis patients react across a broad range of immune parameters. In this review, Rick Maizels and his colleagues discuss recent advances in the immunology of human filariasis and present a summary of their latest studies in an endemic area of Indonesia.
Research Centre for Parasitic Infections. Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London, UK SW7 2BB. r.maizels@ic.ac.uk
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Maizels
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Kurniawan
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Selkirk
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Yazdanbakhsh