Doxorubicin potentiates TRAIL cytotoxicity and apoptosis and can overcome TRAIL-resistance in rhabdomyosarcoma cells.
Doxorubicin (DOX) and ifosfamide (IFO) are the most active single agents in soft tissue sarcomas (STS). Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is used for STS in the setting of isolated limb perfusions. Like TNF-alpha, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis. In contrast to TNF-alpha preliminary studies suggest that TRAIL lacks systemic side effects. The effects of TRAIL alone and in combination with DOX or 4-hydroxy-IFO were evaluated in the TNF-alpha sensitive rhabdomyosarcoma cell line KYM-1, its 5-fold TNF-alpha sensitive subline KD4 and its >150-fold TNF-alpha resistant subline 37B8R. Membrane expression of TRAIL-receptors DR4 (death receptor 4), DR5 (pro-apoptotic), DcR1 (decoy receptor 1), DcR2 (anti-apoptotic) was assessed by flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity was determined by microculture tetrazolium assays. Apoptosis assays were performed with acridine orange. DOX (doxorubicin) and 4-OH-IFO decreased survival in all cell lines; a 2-fold resistance was observed for both drugs in 37B8R. All cell lines expressed DR4 and DR5, but hardly any DcR1 or DcR2. TRAIL was cytotoxic in KYM-1, even more in KD4 and induced massive apoptosis; 37B8R was >500-fold resistant to TRAIL and little apoptosis could be observed. TRAIL plus DOX showed synergistic cytotoxicity in KYM-1 and 37B8R. TRAIL plus 4-OH-IFO showed addition in all three cell lines. DOX plus TRAIL-induced more cytotoxicity and apoptosis in all cell lines compared to TRAIL alone. In 37B8R, DOX overcame resistance to TRAIL. In KYM-1, KD4 and 37B8R, sensitivity and resistance to TNF-alpha and TRAIL parallels. TRAIL-resistance was independent from expression of TRAIL-receptors. DOX with TRAIL could overcome TRAIL-resistance in 37B8R cells.
Komdeur
R
R
Department of Surgical Oncology, University Hospital of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Meijer
C
C
Van Zweeden
M
M
De Jong
S
S
Wesseling
J
J
Hoekstra
H J
HJ
van der Graaf
W T A
WT
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004317:Doxorubicin; D007069:Ifosfamide