Colony-stimulating factor-1 blockade by antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs suppresses growth of human mammary tumor xenografts in mice.
Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 is the primary regulator of tissue macrophage production. CSF-1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer and is believed to enhance mammary tumor progression and metastasis through the recruitment and regulation of tumor-associated macrophages. Macrophages produce matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor, which are crucial for tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Given the important role of CSF-1, we hypothesized that blockade of CSF-1 or the CSF-1 receptor (the product of the c-fms proto-oncogene) would suppress macrophage infiltration and mammary tumor growth. Human MCF-7 mammary carcinoma cell xenografts in mice were treated with either mouse CSF-1 antisense oligonucleotide for 2 weeks or five intratumoral injections of either CSF-1 small interfering RNAs or c-fms small interfering RNAs. These treatments suppressed mammary tumor growth by 50%, 45%, and 40%, respectively, and selectively down-regulated target protein expression in tumor lysates. Host macrophage infiltration; host MMP-12, MMP-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression; and endothelial cell proliferation within tumors of treated mice were decreased compared with tumors in control mice. In addition, mouse survival significantly increased after CSF-1 blockade. These studies demonstrate that CSF-1 and CSF-1 receptor are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of mammary cancer.
Aharinejad
Seyedhossein
S
Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Vienna Medical University, Waehringerstrasse 13, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. seyedhossein.aharinejad@meduniwien.ac.at
Paulus
Patrick
P
Sioud
Mouldy
M
Hofmann
Michael
M
Zins
Karin
K
Schäfer
Romana
R
Stanley
E Richard
ER
Abraham
Dietmar
D
D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015996:Survival Rate; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; C507122:MMP12 protein, human; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12