Gene regulation by Sp1 and Sp3.
The Sp family of transcription factors is united by a particular combination of three conserved Cys2His2 zinc fingers that form the sequence-specific DNA-binding domain. Within the Sp family of transcription factors, Sp1 and Sp3 are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells. They can bind and act through GC boxes to regulate gene expression of multiple target genes. Although Sp1 and Sp3 have similar structures and high homology in their DNA binding domains, in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that these transcription factors have strikingly different functions. Sp1 and Sp3 are able to enhance or repress promoter activity. Regulation of the transcriptional activity of Sp1 and Sp3 occurs largely at the post-translational level. In this review, we focus on the roles of Sp1 and Sp3 in the regulation of gene expression.
Li
Lin
L
Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
He
Shihua
S
Sun
Jian-Min
JM
Davie
James R
JR
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D019175:DNA Methylation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497121:SP3 protein, human; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D004247:DNA