Torsion and beyond: new twists in spectral Doppler evaluation of the scrotum.
OBJECTIVE
To illustrate how spectral Doppler waveform analysis plays an adjunctive but very definite role in scrotal sonography.


METHODS
The cases illustrate a variety of testicular disorders that were collected at a referral tertiary care center.


RESULTS
Normal and a variety of pathologic conditions of the testes are discussed, along with their signature spectral waveforms.


CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of the spectral waveform provides important additional information in various scrotal disorders with acute pain. Spectral waveform analysis is critical to diagnosing incomplete torsion when color and power Doppler examinations are indeterminate.
Dogra
Vikram S
VS
Division of Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106-5056, USA. dogra@uhrad.com
Rubens
Deborah J
DJ
Gottlieb
Ronald H
RH
Bhatt
Shweta
S
D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012611:Scrotum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*