Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II potentiates ATP responses by promoting trafficking of P2X receptors.
To elucidate the functional link between Ca(2+)/calmodulin protein kinase II (CaMKII) and P2X receptor activation, we studied the effects of electrical stimulation, such as occurs in injurious conditions, on P2X receptor-mediated ATP responses in primary sensory dorsal root ganglion neurons. We found that endogenously active CaMKII up-regulates basal P2X3 receptor activity in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Electrical stimulation causes prolonged increases in ATP currents that lasts up to approximately 45 min. In addition, the total and phosphorylated CaMKII are also up-regulated. The enhancement of ATP currents depends on Ca(2+) and calmodulin and is completely blocked by the CaMKII inhibitor, 2-[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)]-N-(4-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)]amino-N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylbenzylamine). Western analyses indicate that electrical stimulation enhances the expression of P2X3 receptors in the membrane and that the enhancement is blocked by the inhibitor. These results suggest that CaMKII up-regulated by electrical stimulation enhances ATP responses by promoting trafficking of P2X receptors to the membrane and may play a key role in the sensitization of P2X receptors under injurious conditions.
Xu
Guang-Yin
GY
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-1069, USA.
Huang
Li-Yen Mae
LY
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004594:Electrophysiology; D007700:Kinetics; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D021381:Protein Transport; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D058477:Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058477:Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium