Salvage surgery following downstaging of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
OBJECTIVE
We reported here a series of 49 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent nonsurgical treatment to downstage the disease followed by salvage surgery, their long-term outcome, and pattern of recurrence.


BACKGROUND
Most HCC patients present with unresectable disease and are treated with chemotherapy or intra-arterial therapy with a palliative intent. Occasionally, there are good responses to treatment so that salvage surgery becomes feasible afterward. However, long-term outcomes of these patients are seldom reported.


METHODS
Patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma, from September 1993 to June 2002, who received salvage surgery after downstaging by systemic chemotherapy, intra-arterial yttrium-90 microspheres, or sequential treatment were included in this study. Systemic chemotherapy consisted of combination doxorubicin, cisplatin, interferon-alpha and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), or single-agent doxorubicin. The choice of treatment was according to stage of disease and contemporary clinical trial protocol. Survival, recurrence pattern, and surgical outcome were studied.


RESULTS
There were 49 patients in this study with 40 males and 9 females, age ranged from 12 to 69 years. Forty patients (81.6%) were hepatitis B positive. Thirty-two patients had combination chemotherapy alone (65.3%), 8 patients had single agent chemotherapy alone (16.3%), 4 patients received intra-arterial yttrium-90 microspheres alone (8.2%), and 5 patients received sequential therapy (10.2%). Twenty-eight (57.1%) patients received major hepatic resection. Thirteen patients (26.5%) had complete necrosis of the tumor after treatment. Twenty-one patients (42.9%) had recurrence after surgery, and 14 of them were intrahepatic recurrence. The median survival was 85.9 months. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 98%, 64%, and 57%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Salvage surgery after successful downstaging can provide long-term control of disease in a small proportion of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
Lau
Wan-yee
WY
Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China. josephlau@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk
Ho
Stephen K W
SK
Yu
Simon C H
SC
Lai
Eric C H
EC
Liew
Choong-tsek
CT
Leung
Thomas W T
TW
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D012494:Sampling Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019452:Terminally Ill; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D011868:Radioisotopes