Effect of the CYP3A5 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous midazolam during inhibited and induced metabolic states.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to investigate the effect of the CYP3A5 genotype on the systemic clearance of midazolam in constitutive, inhibited, and induced metabolic conditions.


METHODS
Nineteen healthy volunteers were grouped with regard to the CYP3A5*3 allele, into homozygous wild-type (CYP3A5*1/*1, n = 6), heterozygous (CYP3A5*1/*3, n = 6), and homozygous variant-type (CYP3A5*3/*3, n = 7) subject groups. The pharmacokinetic profile of intravenous midazolam was characterized before and after itraconazole administration (200 mg once daily for 4 days) and also after rifampin (INN, rifampicin) pretreatment (600 mg once daily for 10 days), with a washout period of 2 weeks in between.


RESULTS
The pharmacokinetic profiles of midazolam and of its hydroxy metabolites did not show differences between the genotype groups under basal and induced metabolic conditions. However, during the inhibited metabolic state, the CYP3A5*3/*3 group showed a greater decrease in systemic clearance than was seen in the CYP3A5*1/*1 group (8.5 +/- 3.8 L. h(-1). 70 kg(-1) versus 13.5 +/- 2.7 L. h(-1). 70 kg(-1), P =.027). The 1'-hydroxymidazolam-to-midazolam area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratio was also significantly lower in the CYP3A5*3/*3 group (0.58 +/- 0.35 versus 1.09 +/- 0.37 for the homozygous wild-type group, P =.026).


CONCLUSIONS
The CYP3A5 genotype did not affect the pharmacokinetics of intravenous midazolam in the basal or induced states. However, during cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibition by itraconazole, individuals carrying the CYP3A5*1 allele were found to be less susceptible to changes in systemic clearance and showed higher 1'-hydroxymidazolam-to-midazolam area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratios, probably resulting from the relatively CYP3A4-specific inhibition caused by itraconazole.
Yu
Kyung-Sang
KS
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
Cho
Joo-Youn
JY
Jang
In-Jin
IJ
Hong
Kyoung-Seop
KS
Chung
Jae-Yong
JY
Kim
Jung-Ryul
JR
Lim
Hyeong-Seok
HS
Oh
Dal-Seok
DS
Yi
So-Young
SY
Liu
Kwang-Hyeon
KH
Shin
Jae-Gook
JG
Shin
Sang-Goo
SG
D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D001711:Biotransformation; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012293:Rifampin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D017964:Itraconazole; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D008874:Midazolam; D012293:Rifampin