Serum S100B predicts a malignant course of infarction in patients with acute middle cerebral artery occlusion.
OBJECTIVE
Early predictors of infarct volume may improve therapeutic decisions in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. We investigated whether measurements of serum astroglial protein S100B can predict a malignant course of infarction in acute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion.


METHODS
We included 51 patients (24 women, mean age 69.1+/-12.4 years) admitted within 6 hours after stroke symptom onset caused by proximal MCA occlusion, as shown by magnetic resonance angiography (n=39), intra-arterial angiography (n=4), or transcranial duplex sonography (n=8). Blood samples were drawn at hospital admission and 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours after symptom onset. Serum S100B concentrations were determined using a fully automated immunoluminometric assay. A malignant course of infarction was defined as the occurrence of clinical signs of cerebral herniation within the first 7 days of treatment or the clinical decision to perform decompressive hemicraniectomy caused by critical space-occupying swelling as detected by repeated neuroimaging.


RESULTS
Sixteen patients developed malignant infarction (31%). Beginning with the 12-hour value, mean S100B serum concentrations were significantly higher in patients with a malignant course compared with those without (12 hours 1.23+/-1.24 versus 0.29+/-0.45 microg/L; 16 hours 1.80+/-1.65 versus 0.38+/-0.53 microg/L; 20 hours 1.90+/-1.53 versus 0.44+/-0.48 microg/L; and 24 hours 2.41+/-1.59 versus 0.57+/-0.66 microg/L; all P<0.001). A 12-hour S100B value >0.35 microg/L predicted malignant infarction with 0.75 sensitivity and 0.80 specificity. A 24-hour value >1.03 microg/L provided 0.94 sensitivity and 0.83 specificity.


CONCLUSIONS
The serum marker S100B can predict a malignant course of infarction in proximal MCA occlusion. This finding may improve the identification and monitoring of patients at particularly high risk for herniation.
Department of Neurology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. foerch@em.uni-frankfurt.de
Christian
C
Foerch
Bettina
B
Otto
Oliver C
OC
Singer
Tobias
T
Neumann-Haefelin
Bernard
B
Yan
Joachim
J
Berkefeld
Helmuth
H
Steinmetz
Matthias
M
Sitzer
D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012372:ROC Curve; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors
D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579160:S100B protein, human