Elevated nitric oxide production in children with malarial anemia: hemozoin-induced nitric oxide synthase type 2 transcripts and nitric oxide in blood mononuclear cells.
Experiments outlined here investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum-induced malarial anemia (MA). The results show that ex vivo and in vitro NO synthase (NOS) activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is significantly elevated in children with MA and inversely associated with hemoglobin levels. Additional experiments using PBMCs from non-malaria-exposed donors demonstrate that physiologic amounts of P. falciparum-derived hemozoin augment NOS type 2 (NOS2) transcripts and NO production. Results of these experiments illustrate that elevated NO production in children with MA is associated with decreased hemoglobin concentrations and that hemozoin can induce NOS2-derived NO formation in cultured blood mononuclear cells.
Keller
Christopher C
CC
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kremsner
Peter G
PG
Hittner
James B
JB
Misukonis
Mary A
MA
Weinberg
J Brice
JB
Perkins
Douglas J
DJ
D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D006420:Hemeproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000201:enzymology*; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000097:blood*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015854:Up-Regulation
D006420:Hemeproteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C020753:hemozoin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II