A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of a scheduled oral analgesic dosing regimen for the management of postoperative pain in children following tonsillectomy.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether around-the-clock (i.e. ATC) dosing of acetaminophen with codeine, with or without nurse coaching, compared to standard care with as needed (i.e. PRN) dosing: reduced children's reports of pain intensity with and without swallowing; increased pain relief, and increased analgesic consumption. Eighty children, 6-15 years, undergoing tonsillectomy were randomized to one of three treatment groups to receive acetaminophen with codeine (120 mg/12 mg/5 ml) for 3 days after surgery: PRN group (N = 28)-every 4 h PRN, with standard postoperative instructions, without nurse coaching; ATC group (N = 26)-every 4 h ATC, with standard postoperative instructions, without nurse coaching; and ATC+coaching group (N = 26)-every 4 h ATC, with standard postoperative instructions and nurse coaching. In all three groups, significant decreases were found over time in pain intensity scores at rest (P < 0.001) and with swallowing (P < 0.001). However, mean pain scores at rest and with swallowing were >3/10 until the fourth evening after tonsillectomy. Children in both ATC dosing groups received significantly greater amounts of acetaminophen and codeine than children in the PRN group (P < 0.003). No significant differences were found in the amount of analgesic administered between the ATC dosing groups with and without nurse coaching. No significant differences were found in the amount of nausea and vomiting among the three groups. Scheduled dosing of acetaminophen with codeine did not provide adequate pain relief for children following tonsillectomy. Nurse coaching does not increase parent's adherence with an ATC dosing schedule.
Children's Hospital Central California, Madera 93638-8762, USA. ksutters@childrenscentralcal.org
Kimberly A
KA
Sutters
Christine
C
Miaskowski
Danielle
D
Holdridge-Zeuner
Steven
S
Waite
Steven M
SM
Paul
Marilyn C
MC
Savedra
Brent
B
Lanier
D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003061:Codeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003679:Deglutition / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D011292:Premedication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*
D000700:Analgesics; D000082:Acetaminophen; D003061:Codeine