Toxicity to Tradescantia of technogenic radionuclides and their mixture with heavy metals.
The genotoxic effects on Tradescantia of (137)Cs, (90)Sr, and (236, 242)Pu, a heavy metal mixture [Cd, Cr(VI), Cu, Mn(II), Ni, Pb, Zn] and of a complex mixture of these toxicants were determined. The impact of radionuclides on plants subjected to ionizing radiation exposure was estimated. The number of somatic mutations and the quantity of nonviable stamen hairs were used as end points in the testing. An increase in the quantity of nonviable stamen hairs was observed with increasing internal exposure to (137)Cs, (90)Sr, and (236, 242)Pu; however, the number of somatic mutations was not observed to be dependent on ionizing radiation. The internal dose of individual radionuclides necessary to decrease the quantity of viable stamen hairs in Tradescantia by 50% can be arranged in the following sequence: (236, 242)Pu > (137)Cs > (90)Sr. Tradescantia died in the mixture of the radionuclides (90)Sr, (137)Cs, and (236)Pu (5 x 10(-2), 7 x 10(-5), and 4 x 10(-10) Gy, respectively) after 14 days, whereas the heavy metal mixture caused somatic mutations in 3% of the Tradescantia and nonviable stamen hairs in 7% but no mortality. However, the Tradescantia died in a combined mixture of these heavy metals and the radionuclides after 14 days. On the basis of all these observations, it can be concluded that the toxic effect of radionuclides was more significant than that of heavy metals.
Marciulioniene
Danute
D
Laboratory of Radioecology, Institute of Botany, Zaliuju ezeru 49, Vilnius, LT-08406, Lithuania. radeko@ar.fi.lt
Montvydiene
Danguole
D
Kiponas
Dalius
D
Luksiene
Benedikta
B
Butkus
Donatas
D
D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes / Q000633:toxicity; D017753:Ecosystem; D035264:Flowers / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D008097:Lithuania; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D011005:Plutonium / Q000633:toxicity; D011210:Power Plants; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D034823:Tradescantia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011868:Radioisotopes; D013326:Strontium Radioisotopes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive; D011005:Plutonium