Condom use and the risk of recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic pelvic pain, or infertility following an episode of pelvic inflammatory disease.
Among 684 sexually active women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) followed up for a mean of 35 months, we related contraceptive use to self-reported PID recurrence, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Persistent use of condoms during the study reduced the risk of recurrent PID, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Consistent condom use (about 60% of encounters) at baseline also reduced these risks, after adjustment for confounders, by 30% to 60%. Self-reported persistent and consistent condom use was associated with lower rates of PID sequelae.
University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto St, A530 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. repro@pitt.edu
Roberta B
RB
Ness
Hugh
H
Randall
Holly E
HE
Richter
Jeffrey F
JF
Peipert
Andrea
A
Montagno
David E
DE
Soper
Richard L
RL
Sweet
Deborah B
DB
Nelson
Diane
D
Schubeck
Susan L
SL
Hendrix
Debra C
DC
Bass
Kevin E
KE
Kip
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D009017:Morbidity; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D021841:Safe Sex; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology