Using antibodies in tumour immunotherapy.
The role of antibodies as therapeutic cancer vaccines includes two distinct approaches, which are summarised in this review, namely anti-idiotypic vaccines and antigen-antibody complex therapies. Bispecific antibodies directed against T cells or antigen-presenting cells are also referenced. The report focuses on theoretical issues, laboratory data on the mechanism of action, examples of humoral and cellular immune induction, and novel therapeutic advances in vaccine development. The biology of antigen processing and recent advances in the field of dendritic cell biology are critical to understanding the potent immune response induction. Future directions include combination therapies to manipulate immune regulatory mechanisms and to enhance clinical effects. Additional applications of antibodies targeting costimulatory or regulatory receptors on antigen-presenting cells and T cells, neutralising immune suppressive cytokines, and depleting T regulatory cells hold promise for future mono- and particularly combination therapies.
Schultes
Birgit C
BC
Unither Pharmaceuticals, 15 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA. BSchultes@unither.com
Nicodemus
Christopher F
CF
D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000276:immunology; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000276:immunology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D000906:Antibodies; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins