Medical grade calcium sulfate hemihydrate in healing of human extraction sockets: clinical and histological observations at 3 months.
BACKGROUND
Following tooth extraction, remodeling and resorption of the alveolar bone at the extraction site characterize wound healing. This produces a reduction in ridge volume and difficulties in delayed placement of implants in an ideal position. Medical grade calcium sulfate hemihydrate (MGCSH) has been proposed as a graft material in extraction sockets to minimize the reduction in ridge volume. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of MGCSH on the histopathologic pattern of intrasocket regenerated bone and to evaluate histologically the healed MGCSH grafted extraction socket site 3 months postextraction


METHODS
MGCSH was grafted in 10 fresh human extraction sockets in 10 patients. Five post-extraction sockets were used as controls. At 3 months a cylindrical tissue specimen, 2.5 mm in diameter, was trephined from the previously grafted site followed by implant placement. Non-decalcified specimens were sectioned at a cross-horizontal plane and stained with fast green, toluidine blue, and Van Kossa stains for histological and histomorphometrical examination.


RESULTS
Histologically, MGCSH was not observed in most of the specimens. Newly formed bone with lamellar arrangements was identified in all the horizontal sections with no difference between apical, medium, and coronal areas. The mean trabecular area in the coronal sections was 58.6% +/- 9.2%; in the medium sections, 58.1% +/- 6.2%; and in the apical sections, 58.3% +/- 7.8%. The differences were not statistically significant.


CONCLUSIONS
MGCSH seems to be an ideal graft material in extraction socket bone regeneration because it is almost completely resorbable, and it allows a new trabecular bone arrangement at 3 months.
Department of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Codivilla-Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy.
Renzo
R
Guarnieri
Gabriele
G
Pecora
Milena
M
Fini
Nicolo' Nicoli
NN
Aldini
Roberto
R
Giardino
Giovanna
G
Orsini
Adriano
A
Piattelli
D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002133:Calcium Sulfate; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery
D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002133:Calcium Sulfate