Fatal venous thromboembolism associated with antipsychotic therapy.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (PE) as a rare adverse effect of clozapine that is treatable, but sometimes fatal, and survey the literature on the subject in the hope of increasing awareness of the potential danger that may result from drug interactions.


METHODS
A 47-year-old woman treated with clozapine and paroxetine was admitted to the hospital with dyspnea and swelling of the leg. The patient was diagnosed as having PE and was treated with intravenous heparin. On hospital day 7, sudden acute respiratory failure developed and the patient died. Postmortem examination confirmed the existence of massive PE.


CONCLUSIONS
The woman had no identifiable risk factors other than receiving a combination of clozapine and paroxetine, with a demonstrated elevated clozapine blood concentration. Use of the Naranjo probability scale revealed a probable likelihood that the adverse reaction was drug related.


CONCLUSIONS
The association of antipsychotic drugs and venous thromboembolism has been previously described, but is still a rare finding. This case highlights the importance of monitoring and possibly discontinuing treatment when venous thrombosis is suspected. There should be careful monitoring, especially in patients with risk factors for thrombosis. Finally, antidepressant-antipsychotic drug combinations can increase the risk of rare adverse effects, such as venous thromboembolism, even in the absence of other risk factors.
Farah
Raymond E
RE
Department of Emergency, Western Galilee Hospital-Nahariya, B Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Nahariya, Israel. raymondfarah@hotmail.com
Makhoul
Nicola M
NM
Farah
Rola E
RE
Shai
Moshe D
MD
D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D004347:Drug Interactions; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*
D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D017374:Paroxetine; D003024:Clozapine