Penetration of membrane-containing double-stranded-DNA bacteriophage PM2 into Pseudoalteromonas hosts.
The icosahedral bacteriophage PM2 has a circular double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome and an internal lipid membrane. It is the only representative of the Corticoviridae family. How the circular supercoiled genome residing inside the viral membrane is translocated into the gram-negative marine Pseudoalteromonas host has been an intriguing question. Here we demonstrate that after binding of the virus to an abundant cell surface receptor, the protein coat is most probably dissociated. During the infection process, the host cell outer membrane becomes transiently permeable to lipophilic gramicidin D molecules proposing fusion with the viral membrane. One of the components of the internal viral lipid core particle is the integral membrane protein P7, with muralytic activity that apparently aids the process of peptidoglycan penetration. Entry of the virion also causes a limited depolarization of the cytoplasmic membrane. These phenomena differ considerably from those observed in the entry process of bacteriophage PRD1, a dsDNA virus, which uses its internal membrane to make a cell envelope-penetrating tubular structure.
Faculty of Biosciences and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Hanna M
HM
Kivelä
Rimantas
R
Daugelavicius
Riina H
RH
Hankkio
Jaana K H
JK
Bamford
Dennis H
DH
Bamford
D025622:Bacteriophage PRD1 / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D019240:Corticoviridae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D006096:Gramicidin / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000378:metabolism; D010539:Permeability; D031161:Pseudoalteromonas / Q000821:virology*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000502:physiology; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D006096:Gramicidin; D004247:DNA