Radioactivity level in Chinese building ceramic tile.
The activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K have been determined by gamma ray spectrometry. The concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K range from 158.3 to 1087.6, 91.7 to 1218.4, and 473.8 to 1031.3 Bq kg(-1) for glaze, and from 63.5 to 131.4, 55.4 to 106.5, and 386.7 to 866.8 Bq kg(-1) for ceramic tile, respectively. The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with the reported data of other countries and with the typical world values. The radium equivalent activities (Ra(eq)), external hazard index (H(ex)) and internal hazard index (H(in)) associated with the radionuclides were calculated. The Ra(eq) values of all ceramic tiles are lower than the limit of 370 Bq kg(-1). The values of H(ex) and H(in) calculated according to the Chinese criterion for ceramic tiles are less than unity. The Ra(eq) value for the glaze of glazed tile collected from some areas are >370 Bq kg(-1).
College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710062, People's Republic of China. luxinwei@snnu.edu.cn
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D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D002681:China; D003252:Construction Materials / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification; D005720:Gamma Rays; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013051:Spectrometry, Gamma / Q000379:methods*
D011868:Radioisotopes