[Biochemical markers in bone metastasis].
Certain types of cancers have a strong propensity to metastasize to bone, which requires combination of multiple factors responsible for the different steps of metastasis. Bone metabolic markers are now widely used in clinical practice and give useful information on the ongoing bone metabolism, reflecting the activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts. Bone markers have a potential as diagnostic tools for bone metastasis, and are useful in monitoring the response to anticancer as well as antiresorptive therapies. Since bone metabolic markers alone are insufficient for the diagnosis and assessment of bone metastasis, it is important to combine bone markers with tumor-related markers and imaging studies such as scintigraphy and MRI. More recently, soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) have been implicated as markers for osteoclastogenic activity. Serum levels of these factors and/or their ratios may provide additional information on the severity of bone disease and the prognosis.
Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
Toshihiro
T
Hashimoto
Masahiro
M
Abe
Toshio
T
Matsumoto
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000556:secondary*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016023:Integrins / Q000097:blood; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000097:blood; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines; D006023:Glycoproteins; D016023:Integrins; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D015675:Osteocalcin