Bone engineering by controlled delivery of osteoinductive molecules and cells.
Bone regeneration can be enhanced or accelerated by the delivery of osteogenic signalling factors or bone forming cells. These factors have commonly provided benefit when retained at the defect site with a delivery vehicle formed from natural or synthetic materials. Growth factors can be directly delivered as recombinant proteins or expressed by genetically modified cells to induce bone formation. Furthermore, bone regeneration has been achieved with the transplantation of various cell types that can participate in bone healing. Carriers utilised for the delivery of osteoinductive material allow for a prolonged presentation at the repair site and the timing of presentation can be readily adjusted to correspond to the extent necessary for bone regeneration. This review examines some of the recent developments in delivery systems used to manage the presentation of these factors at the desired site. Moreover, the authors provide suggestions for continued progress in bone regeneration.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 5213 Dental Building, 1011 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA.
J Kent
JK
Leach
David J
DJ
Mooney
D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000637:transplantation; D004337:Drug Carriers; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005544:Forecasting; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000637:transplantation; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012038:Regeneration; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
D004337:Drug Carriers; D006133:Growth Substances; D011994:Recombinant Proteins