A histone methyltransferase is required for maximal response to female sex hormones.
RIZ1 is an estrogen receptor (ER) coactivator but is also a histone lysine methyltransferase that methylates lysine 9 of histone H3, an activity known to repress transcription. We show here that target organs of mice deficient in RIZ1 exhibit decreased response to female sex hormones. RIZ1 interacted with SRC1 and p300, suggesting that the coactivator function of RIZ1 may be mediated by its interaction with other transcriptional coactivators. In the presence of estrogen, RIZ1 binding to estrogen target genes became less direct and followed the binding of ER to DNA and RIZ1 methyltransferase activity on H3-Lys 9 was inhibited, indicating derepression may play a role in estrogen induction of gene transcription. Reducing RIZ1 level correlated with decreased induction of pS2 gene by estrogen in MCF7 cells. The data suggest that a histone methyltransferase is required for optimal estrogen response in female reproductive tissues and that estrogen-bound ER may turn a transcriptional repressor into a coactivator.
Carling
Tobias
T
The Burnham Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Kim
Keun-Cheol
KC
Yang
Xiao-Hong
XH
Gu
Jian
J
Zhang
Xiao-Kun
XK
Huang
Shi
S
D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D009929:Organ Size; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012098:Reproduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014599:Uterus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D014621:Vagina / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000076983:Histone Methyltransferases; D011496:Protein Methyltransferases; D011495:Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase; C489242:Prdm2 protein, mouse; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C538859:NCOA1 protein, human; C538861:Ncoa1 protein, mouse; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1