Oxidative stress and apoptosis in metal ion-induced carcinogenesis.
Epidemiological evidence suggests that exposure to certain metals causes carcinogenesis. The mechanisms of metal-induced carcinogenesis have been pursued in chemical, biochemical, cellular, and animal models. Significant evidence has accumulated that oxidative stress may be a common pathway in cellular responses to exposure to different metals. For example, in the last few years evidence in support of a correlation between the generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, tumor promotion, and arsenic exposure has strengthened. This article summarizes the current literature on metal-mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and their relation to metal-mediated carcinogenesis, concentrating on arsenic and chromium.
Shi
Honglian
H
College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Hudson
Laurie G
LG
Liu
Ke Jian
KJ
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002273:Carcinogens; D006801:Humans; D008670:Metals / Q000633:toxicity*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress
D002273:Carcinogens; D008670:Metals