An integrative approach to in-vivo protein synthesis measurement: from whole tissue to specific proteins.
OBJECTIVE
In-vivo estimation of protein turnover by stable isotopes in animals and humans has provided much relevant information on metabolic regulation and alterations for decades. While it was first appreciated at the whole body level in the 1970s and 1980s, new approaches have allowed inter-organ or tissue protein turnover rates to be measured, notably the incorporation rate of a labelled amino acid in muscle. These technical improvements have recently been completed by new isolation methods for the study of protein synthesis rates in various muscle and hepatic protein fractions in different blood cells or tissues such as bone and skin.


RESULTS
This new insight into tissue protein synthesis opens the door for exploration of single proteins, which may be fully achievable in the near future through the combination of proteomics analysis and technical progress in mass spectrometry. This is, therefore, a new area in which not only quantitative but also qualitative changes in specific proteins will be considered for a fully integrative approach to assessing protein metabolism in physiology and disease.


CONCLUSIONS
To understand the mechanisms by which protein metabolism is altered during physiopathological situations, it is of importance to measure the effect on specific proteins rather than on the body as a whole. Procedures are currently under development with the aim of isolating individuals proteins and to measure their synthesis rates by isotopic methods. Such technical progress is needed to gain a better understanding of the regulation of protein metabolism in situations in which loss of body protein mass occurs.
Guillet
Christelle
C
Protein Energy Metabolism Unit, Auvergne University, Human Nutrition Research Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, Clermont-Ferrand cedex 1, France.
Boirie
Yves
Y
Walrand
Stéphane
S
D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D040901:Proteomics; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism
D011506:Proteins