Plasma antioxidant status, immunoglobulin g oxidation and lipid peroxidation in demented patients: relevance to Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia.
A large body of evidence supports a role of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease (AD) and in cerebrovascular disease. A vascular component might be critical in the pathophysiology of AD, but there is a substantial lack of data regarding the simultaneous behavior of peripheral antioxidants and biomarkers of oxidative stress in AD and vascular dementia (VaD). Sixty-three AD patients, 23 VaD patients and 55 controls were included in the study. We measured plasma levels of water-soluble (vitamin C and uric acid) and lipophilic (vitamin E, vitamin A, carotenoids including lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha- and beta-carotene) antioxidant micronutrients as well as levels of biomarkers of lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde (MDA)] and of protein oxidation [immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels of protein carbonyls and dityrosine] in patients and controls. With the exception of beta-carotene, all antioxidants were lower in demented patients as compared to controls. Furthermore, AD patients showed a significantly higher IgG dityrosine content as compared to controls. AD and VaD patients showed similar plasma levels of plasma antioxidants and MDA as well as a similar IgG content of protein carbonyls and dityrosine. We conclude that, independent of its nature-vascular or degenerative-dementia is associated with the depletion of a large spectrum of antioxidant micronutrients and with increased protein oxidative modification. This might be relevant to the pathophysiology of dementing disorders, particularly in light of the recently suggested importance of the vascular component in AD development.
Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
M Cristina
MC
Polidori
Paola
P
Mattioli
Sarah
S
Aldred
Roberta
R
Cecchetti
Wilhelm
W
Stahl
Helen
H
Griffiths
Umberto
U
Senin
Helmut
H
Sies
Patrizia
P
Mecocci
D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification
D000975:Antioxidants; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014815:Vitamins; D008315:Malondialdehyde