The forkhead transcription factor Fkh2 regulates the cell division cycle of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
In eukaryotes the regulation of gene expression plays a key role in controlling cell cycle progression. Here, we demonstrate that a forkhead transcription factor, Fkh2, regulates the periodic expression of cdc15(+) and spo12(+) in the M and G(1) phases of the cell division cycle in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We also show that Fkh2 is important for several cell cycle processes, including cell morphology and cell separation, nuclear structure and migration, and mitotic spindle function. We find that the expression of fkh2(+) is itself regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner in G(1) coincident with the expression of cdc18(+), a Cdc10-regulated gene. However, fkh2(+) expression is independent of Cdc10 function. Fkh2 was found to be phosphorylated during the cell division cycle, with a timing that suggests that this posttranslational modification is important for cdc15(+) and spo12(+) expression. Related forkhead proteins regulate G(2) and M phase-specific gene expression in the evolutionarily distant Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting that these proteins play conserved roles in regulating cell cycle processes in eukaryotes.
Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
Richard
R
Bulmer
Aline
A
Pic-Taylor
Simon K
SK
Whitehall
Kate A
KA
Martin
Jonathan B A
JB
Millar
Janet
J
Quinn
Brian A
BA
Morgan
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012568:Schizosaccharomyces / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
C082279:CDC15 protein; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C500536:Fkh2 protein, S pombe; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D029702:Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C061178:cdc10 protein, S pombe; C499614:spo12 protein, S pombe; C512892:CDC10 protein, S cerevisiae; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins