[The historical view of anterior rhinoscopy].
The discovery of laryngoscopy by Manuel Garcia (1805-1906) was very important for the development of rhinoscopic research. The discovery of nasal speculum by Ludovit Markuszovsky (1815-1893) is described. Markuszovsky and Johann N. Czermak (1828-1873) initiated the term "rhinoscopy". The achievements of Czermak for rhinoscopy are significant. The "conductor of light" by Phillip Bozzini (1773-1809) for the nasal research is presented. The nasal specula by Fraenkel, Duplay, Voltolini and others are depicted. The distinguished Polish rhinolaryngologist Antoni Jurasz sen. (1847-1923) was a creator of simple instrument for the anterior rhinoscopy. The discoveries and employments of cocaine, adrenaline and X rays were very useful for nasal examinations.
Andrzej
A
Kierzek
D004724:Endoscopy / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods