Oral Candida flora from Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era.
One of the main opportunistic fungal infections amongst immunocompromised individuals is oral candidosis, which has been found in up to 90% of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. This study employed yeasts isolated from the saliva and oral cavities of 114 HIV-infected patients living in Campinas, São Paulo. Of the isolates, 57.8% were identified as Candida albicans and 42.1% as non-C. albicans. The latter isolates were subsequently identified as C. krusei (7.5%), C. lusitaniae (5.2%), C. tropicalis (4.6%), C. parapsilosis (4.6%), C. glabrata (2.8%), C. kefyr (1.7%), C. guilliermondii (1.7%), C. intermedia (1.1%), C. norvegensis (0.5%), and Rhodotorula rubra (1.7%). Susceptibility of the isolates to amphotericin B, fluconazole, miconazole, and itraconazole was also determined by a microdilution method adopted by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The isolates demonstrated various susceptibilities to the antifungal agents. In particular 29 C. albicans and 13 non-C. albicans isolates showed low susceptibility to FLCZ (> 64 micro g/ml). This study revealed huge diversity of Candida species, in particular the increasing emergence of non-C. albicans associated with the oral flora of HIV-infected patients.
Departamento de Patologia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. nadjarm@yahoo.com
N R
NR
Melo
H
H
Taguchi
J
J
Jorge
R J
RJ
Pedro
O P
OP
Almeida
K
K
Fukushima
K
K
Nishimura
M
M
Miyaji
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001938:Brazil; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
D000935:Antifungal Agents