Early detection and prognosis of ovarian cancer using serum YKL-40.
OBJECTIVE
YKL-40 is a secreted glycoprotein (chitinase family). We compared YKL-40 with two ovarian cancer serum markers, CA125 and CA15-3, for the detection of early-stage ovarian cancer.


METHODS
Serum YKL-40 levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 46 healthy subjects, 61 high-risk individuals, 33 patients with benign gynecologic processes, and 50 preoperative patients subsequently diagnosed with predominantly early-stage ovarian cancer. Serum CA125 and CA15-3 values were obtained.


RESULTS
Median YKL-40 level was 28 ng/mL (range, 15 to 166 ng/mL) for healthy subjects, 36 ng/mL (range, 9 to 69 ng/mL) for high-risk individuals without prior cancer, 44.5 ng/mL (range, 5 to 133 ng/mL) for high-risk patients with prior breast cancer, and 38 ng/mL (range, 5 to 67 ng/mL) for individuals with benign gynecologic processes (P = NS). Median preoperative YKL-40 level for ovarian cancer patients was 94 ng/mL (range, 17 to 517 ng/mL; P <.0001 compared with normal and high-risk). YKL-40 was elevated (>/= 62 ng/mL) in 36 (72%) of 50 patients compared with 23 (46%) of 50 and 13 (26%) of 50 patients for CA125 and CA15-3 (P <.008). Twenty (65%) of 31 early-stage patients had elevated serum YKL-40 levels compared with 11 (35%) of 31 and four (13%) of 31 patients for CA125 and CA15-3 (P =.039). YKL-40 levels increased with stage (P <.005), regardless of grade, histology, or patient age. Patients with early-stage tumors with YKL-40 values more than 80 ng/mL had a worse prognosis (71% recurrence v no recurrence [P =.034]).


CONCLUSIONS
YKL-40 may represent a novel marker for the detection of early-stage ovarian cancer. YKL-40 levels in early-stage patients may also predict disease recurrence and survival. The utility of YKL-40 in detection of early-stage ovarian cancer deserves further investigation.
Dupont
Jakob
J
Developmental Chemotherapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Howard 905, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10021, USA. dupontj@mskcc.org
Tanwar
Meena K
MK
Thaler
Howard T
HT
Fleisher
Martin
M
Kauff
Noah
N
Hensley
Martee L
ML
Sabbatini
Paul
P
Anderson
Sibyl
S
Aghajanian
Carol
C
Holland
Eric C
EC
Spriggs
David R
DR
D054392:Adipokines; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis
D054392:Adipokines; D001324:Autoantigens; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins