Intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus enhances immune responses to coadministered simian-human immunodeficiency virus-like particle antigens.
Intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza virus vaccine can provide protective immunity, whereas many other antigens are less effective when used for mucosal immunization. To determine whether influenza virus could enhance immune responses to an antigen coadministered to a mucosal surface, we studied the intranasal immunization of mice with a mixture of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) virus-like particles (VLPs) and inactivated influenza virus. Compared to mice immunized with SHIV VLPs alone, mice coimmunized with SHIV VLPs and inactivated influenza virus showed significant increases in serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA antibodies specific to the human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein, neutralizing activities, numbers of gamma interferon- and interleukin 4-secreting lymphocytes, and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activities. The levels of enhancement of immune response by coimmunization with inactivated influenza virus were equivalent to those induced by inclusion of immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG DNA). We also observed that SHIV VLPs bind to influenza virus virions, forming mixed aggregates. These results indicate that inactivated influenza virus can play a role as a mucosal adjuvant to coadministered antigens.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Sang-Moo
SM
Kang
Lizheng
L
Guo
Qizhi
Q
Yao
Ioanna
I
Skountzou
Richard W
RW
Compans
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015488:HIV Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000008:administration & dosage
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015488:HIV Antigens; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated