Objectively measured physical activity correlates with indices of insulin resistance in Danish children. The European Youth Heart Study (EYHS).
OBJECTIVE
To explore the association between measures of insulin resistance with objectively assessed physical activity.


METHODS
School-based, cross-sectional study.


METHODS
A randomly selected sample of 589 children (310 girls, 279 boys, mean (standard deviations, s.d.) age=9.7 (0.44) y, weight=33.6 (6.4) kg, height=1.39 (0.06) m) from Denmark.


METHODS
Fasting blood samples were analysed for serum insulin and glucose. Physical activity was measured with the uniaxial Computer Science and Applications (CSA) model 7164 accelerometer, worn for at least 3 days (>/=10 h day(-1)). Adiposity was assessed by the sum of four skinfolds. Multiple linear regression were performed to model insulin and glucose from average CSA output, adjusted for age, gender, puberty, ethnicity, birth weight, parental smoking, socioeconomic group, and CSA unit. In addition, we adjusted for skinfold thickness.


RESULTS
Mean fasting serum glucose ranged from 4.1 to 6.5 mmol l(-1) with a mean (s.d.) of 5.1 (0.37) mmol l(-1). Fasting insulin was negatively correlated with CSA output on levels of adjustment. Fasting glucose was not significantly associated with physical activity. However, in girls both indices of insulin resistance were significantly related to activity, whereas in boys none of the associations were significant.


CONCLUSIONS
Physical activity is inversely associated with fasting insulin in the nondiabetic range of fasting glucose. The relationship was stronger for insulin than for glucose, indicating compensatory action by the beta cells. Our data emphasise the importance of physical activity in children for the maintenance of metabolic control.
Brage
S
S
Institute of Sport Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Main Campus, Odense University, Odense, Denmark. sb400@medschl.cam.ac.uk
Wedderkopp
N
N
Ekelund
U
U
Franks
P W
PW
Wareham
N J
NJ
Andersen
L B
LB
Froberg
K
K
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003718:Denmark; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin