Longitudinal changes in intake and food sources of calcium from childhood to young adulthood: the bogalusa heart study.
OBJECTIVE
To examine changes in calcium intake and food sources of calcium from childhood to young adulthood in a longitudinal sample.


METHODS
Information on food and nutrient intake was derived from a single 24-hour dietary recall collected on children who participated in a cross-sectional survey at age 10 and again in young adulthood. A cohort of 237 young adults who participated in the 1989-1991 young adult survey (ages 19 to 28 years) also participated in one of three cross-sectional surveys from 1973 to 1978 at 10 years of age. Repeated measures analysis of variance was applied to examine the longitudinal changes in intake of calcium and food sources from childhood to young adulthood.


RESULTS
Total calcium intake at age 10 was not significantly different than total calcium intake of those same individuals when they were young adults. Gender and ethnic differences were observed within the two age groups. In both childhood (age 10 years) and young adulthood, African-American females had significantly lower total calcium intake than Euro-American males. However, this ethnic difference in total calcium intake did not exist after adjusting for energy intake. Calcium intake per 1000 kcal was significantly lower in females than males at age 10, but not in young adulthood. A large percentage of 10-year-olds did not meet the RDA or AI for calcium intake (54% and 88%, respectively), and this was also shown when they were young adults (77% and 75%, respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
More effective nutrition educational efforts are needed to emphasize the importance of adequate calcium intake and the major food sources of calcium, beginning early in childhood and continuing into young adulthood.
Rajeshwari
R
R
Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
Nicklas
Theresa A
TA
Yang
Su-Jau
SJ
Berenson
Gerald S
GS
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008145:Louisiana; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People
D002136:Calcium, Dietary