Artificial oxygen carriers as red blood cell substitutes: a selected review and current status.
Two distinct approaches are being explored in red blood cell substitute (RCS) development: hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) and perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers (PFBOCs). HBOCs are based on intra- and/or intermolecularly "engineered" human or animal hemoglobins (Hbs), optimized for O2 delivery and longer intravascular circulation. Some are currently being evaluated in Phase II/III clinical studies. PFBOCs are aqueous emulsions of perfluorocarbon derivatives that dissolve relatively large amounts of O2. A PFBOC based on a 60% (wt/vol) emulsion of perfluorooctyl bromide has been evaluated in Phase II/III clinical trials. Although current PFBOC products generally require patients to breathe O2 enriched air, they render certain advantages since they are totally synthetic. This article provides a short review of the basic principles, approaches, and current status of RCS development. Results of preclinical and clinical studies including recent Phase II/III clinical studies are discussed.
Kim
Hae Won
HW
Department of Surgery, Brown University Medical School, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI 02906, USA. Hae_Kim@Brown.edu
Greenburg
A Gerson
AG
D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017322:Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001802:Blood Substitutes; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006454:Hemoglobins; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C003072:perflubron; D010100:Oxygen