Effect of supplemental tryptophan, vitamin E, and a herbal product on responses by pigs to vibration.
Economic losses related to increased stress during the transport of pigs are well documented. The effects of supplementing of tryptophan (Trp), vitamin E, or a herbal product via feed or drinking water were investigated in terms of effects on stress response in pigs during transport simulation. The study consisted of three analogous experiments. For the testing in each experiment, the pigs (23.5+/-3.2 kg) were allocated to one of two treatments, with and without supplementation of a product. The applied doses were Trp (5 g/L drinking water for 3 d), vitamin E (additional amount of 300 mg/kg feed for 21 d, as-fed basis), and Sedafit (2.5 g/L drinking water for 2 d). Sedafit is a commercial herbal product containing Valeriana officinalis L. and Passiflora incarnata L. as active components. In each experiment of the study, at least 47 pigs were involved, which were treated in groups of 3. The day before transport simulation, a Holter device was attached to the pigs to produce an electrocardiogram during the night (rest values), as well as during vibration in the transport simulator (1.2 Hz, 1 m/s2), where the behavior of the pigs (standing-sitting-lying) was also observed. Samples of saliva (taken before, during, and after [3x] vibration) and blood (taken before and after vibration) were analyzed for cortisol and intermediate metabolites (glucose, lactate, creatine kinase, and nonesterified fatty acids), respectively. Pigs supplemented with Trp tended to spend more time lying down during the second hour of vibration (P < 0.05). Vitamin E decreased the peak heart rate (P < 0.05), ventricular ectopic beats (P < 0.01), and ST elevation (P < 0.10). The supplementation of Sedafit resulted in smaller increases of the investigated heart variables (minimum heart rate, P < 0.05; ventricular ectopic beats, P < 0.05; ST elevation, P < 0.01) during and after stress evocation compared with the control group. None of the tested products influenced the intermediate metabolites; one possible explanation for this finding may be that peak values were reached before the time of bleeding. In conclusion, Trp had a positive behavioral effect in this experiment, and vitamin E and Sedafit mediated an increase in some heart variables, suggesting sedative and antianxiety effects.
Laboratory for Quality Care in Animal Production, Zootechnical Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Lovenjoel, Belgium. ester.peeters@agr.kuleuven.ac.be
E
E
Peeters
B
B
Driessen
R
R
Steegmans
D
D
Henot
R
R
Geers
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D029598:Passiflora; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D014186:Transportation; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014632:Valerian; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
D000975:Antioxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014810:Vitamin E; D014364:Tryptophan; D006854:Hydrocortisone