Immunokinetics of autoreactive CD4 T cells in blood: a reporter for the "hit-and-run" autoimmune attack on pancreas and diabetes progression.
Little is known about the fate of autoreactive CD4 T cells in blood. Using a mouse model for spontaneous autoimmune diabetes we demonstrated that the status of the autoimmune process in pancreas could be pictured through the frequency and phenotype of autoreactive CD4 T cells in the blood. Early during the prediabetic stage, the frequency of these cells in blood decreased as a consequence of their recruitment in the pancreas. This was followed by an imbalance between CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD69(+) T cells in the pancreas that was mirrored in the phenotype of autoreactive T cells in the blood. Waves of activated CD4(+)CD69(+) T cells in blood preceded the disease onset suggesting that the autoimmune attack on pancreas is a discontinuous "hit-and-run" rather than a continuous process. Tracking autoreactive CD4 T cells in blood may help in identifying prediabetic humans and monitoring the disease progression during therapeutic interventions.
George
Sunil K
SK
Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1124, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Preda
Ioana
I
Avagyan
Serine
S
McEvoy
Robert C
RC
Rapaport
Robert
R
Brumeanu
Teodor-Doru
TD
Casares
Sofia
S
D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007700:Kinetics; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000637:transplantation; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D000099192:CD69 Antigens