Relationship between motor function of the proximal stomach and transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation after morphine.
BACKGROUND
Morphine reduces the rate of transient lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) relaxations but its site of action is presently unknown. There are no data available concerning its motor effects on the proximal stomach, an important site for triggering transient LOS relaxations.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of morphine on the rate of transient LOS relaxations and motor function of the proximal stomach.


METHODS
In 19 healthy subjects, concurrent transient LOS relaxations with a sleeve sensor and motor function of the proximal stomach with a bag connected to an electronic barostat were recorded during pressure controlled (n = 9) and volume controlled (n = 10) gastric distensions after intravenous administration of placebo and morphine 100 microg/kg.


RESULTS
During pressure controlled distensions, intrabag volume was markedly decreased by morphine (median 189 ml (interquartile range 101-448) v 404 (265-868) after placebo; p<0.01) as was the rate of transient LOS relaxations (0.5/30 minutes (0.4-2) v 2.5 (2-4); p<0.01). When intrabag volume was kept constant (525 ml (490-600)) (that is, in volume controlled distensions), the rate of transient LOS relaxations was not affected by morphine (2/30 minutes (2-3) v 2.5 (2-3)). Gastric contractions decreased after morphine similarly during pressure controlled and volume controlled distensions (8.5/30 minutes (4-10) v 15.5 (9.5-20.5), p<0.02; and 6.5 (0-24) v 19.5 (12-22), p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The effect of morphine on transient LOS relaxations is dependent on the decrease in volume of the proximal stomach. Our data suggest that pharmacological interventions which decrease fundal volume should result in control of transient LOS relaxation mediated gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Penagini
R
R
IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Pad Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy. bobpenna@policlinico.mi.it
Allocca
M
M
Cantù
P
P
Mangano
M
M
Savojardo
D
D
Carmagnola
S
S
Bianchi
P A
PA
D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011312:Pressure; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000502:physiology
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D009020:Morphine