Targeted mutagenesis of the angiogenic protein CCN1 (CYR61). Selective inactivation of integrin alpha6beta1-heparan sulfate proteoglycan coreceptor-mediated cellular functions.
The matricellular protein CCN1 (CYR61) regulates multiple cellular processes and plays essential roles in embryonic vascular development. A ligand of several integrin receptors, CCN1 acts through integrin alpha6beta1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) to promote specific functions in fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. We have previously identified a novel alpha6beta1 binding site, T1, in domain III of CCN1. Here we uncover two novel 16-residue sequences, H1 and H2, in domain IV that can support alpha6beta1- and HSPGs-dependent cell adhesion, suggesting that these sequences contain closely juxtaposed or overlapping sites for interaction with alpha6beta1 and HSPGs. Furthermore, fibroblast adhesion to the H1 and H2 peptides is sufficient to induce prolonged MAPK activation, whereas adhesion to T1 induces transient MAPK activation. To dissect the roles of these sites in CCN1 function, we have created mutants disrupted in T1, H1, and H2 or in all three sites in the context of full-length CCN1. We show that the T1 and H1/H2 sites are functionally non-equivalent, and disruption of these sites differentially affected cell adhesion, migration, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, and regulation of gene expression. Disruption of all three sites completely abolished alpha6beta1-HSPG-mediated cellular activities. All mutants disrupting T1, H1, and H2 fully retain alphavbeta3-mediated pro-angiogenic activities, indicating that these mutants are biologically active and are defective only in alpha6beta1-HSPG-mediated functions. Together, these findings identify and dissect the differential roles of the three sites (T1, H1, H2) required for alpha6beta1-HSPG-dependent CCN1 activities and provide a strategy to investigate these alpha6beta1-HSPG-specific activities in vivo.
Leu
Shr-Jeng
SJ
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 60607-7170, USA.
Chen
Ningyu
N
Chen
Chih-Chiun
CC
Todorovic
Viktor
V
Bai
Tao
T
Juric
Vladislava
V
Liu
Ying
Y
Yan
Guoqiang
G
Lam
Stephen C-T
SC
Lau
Lester F
LF
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D039121:Integrin alpha6beta1 / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000737:chemistry; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
C491850:CCN1 protein, mouse; D055515:Cysteine-Rich Protein 61; D017931:DNA Primers; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D039121:Integrin alpha6beta1; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins