Mycobacterium tuberculosis triggers apoptosis in peripheral neutrophils involving toll-like receptor 2 and p38 mitogen protein kinase in tuberculosis patients.
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis display bactericidal responses and produce inflammatory proteins. This PMN-mediated inflammatory response is regulated by an activation of the apoptotic program, which collaborates to avoid tissue injury. In vitro, circulating PMN from patients with tuberculosis (TB) show an increased spontaneous apoptosis, and M. tuberculosis-induced activation accelerates the PMN apoptosis. In this study, we evaluated the mechanisms involved in spontaneous and M. tuberculosis-induced apoptosis. We demonstrate that apoptosis of PMN is not induced by lipoarabinomannan or by a whole-cell lysate of M. tuberculosis and that neither tumor necrosis factor alpha nor CD11b, CD14, and Fcgamma receptors are involved. Apoptosis of PMN from patients with active TB (TB-PMN) is induced by the interaction with the whole M. tuberculosis via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and, in contrast to spontaneous apoptosis, it involves the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. These results correlate with a high expression of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) in circulating TB-PMN and with the ability of M. tuberculosis to induce in vitro the expression of p-p38 in PMN. Therefore, when the bacterial burden is low, TB-PMN could be detecting nonopsonized M. tuberculosis via TLR2, leading to the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, which in turn would induce PMN activation and apoptosis. This mechanism needs further confirmation at the site of infection.
Alemán
Mercedes
M
Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Pacheco de Melo 3081 (1425) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Schierloh
Pablo
P
de la Barrera
Silvia S
SS
Musella
Rosa M
RM
Saab
María A
MA
Baldini
Matías
M
Abbate
Eduardo
E
Sasiain
María C
MC
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases