Mechanism of internal anal sphincter relaxation by CORM-1, authentic CO, and NANC nerve stimulation.
The present studies compared the effects of CO-releasing molecule (CORM-1), authentic CO, and nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerve stimulation in the internal anal sphincter (IAS). Functional in vitro experiments and Western blot studies were conducted in rat IAS smooth muscle. We examined the effects of CORM-1 (50-600 microM) and authentic CO (5-100 microM) and NANC nerve stimulation by electrical field stimulation (EFS; 0.5-20 Hz, 0.5-ms pulse, 12 V, 4-s train). The experiments were repeated after preincubation of the tissues with the neurotoxin TTX, the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazolo-(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), the selective heme oxygenase (HO) inhibitor tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP-IX), the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), and SnPP-IX + L-NNA. We also investigated the effects of the HO substrate hematin (100 microM). CORM-1, as well as CO, produced concentration-dependent IAS relaxation, whereas hematin had no effect. TTX abolished and L-NNA significantly blocked IAS relaxation by EFS without any effect on CORM-1 and CO. ODQ blocked IAS relaxation by CORM-1, authentic CO, and EFS. SnPP-IX had no significant effect on IAS relaxation by CORM-1, CO, or EFS. The presence of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, HO-1, and HO-2 in IAS smooth muscle was confirmed by Western blot studies. CORM-1 and CO, as well as NANC nerve stimulation, produced IAS relaxation via guanylate cyclase/cGMP-dependent protein kinase activation. The advent of CORM-1 with potent effects in the IAS has significant implications in anorectal motility disorders with regard to pathophysiology and therapeutic potentials.
Rattan
Satish
S
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA. Satish.Rattan@Jefferson.edu
Al Haj
Rany
R
De Godoy
Márcio A F
MA
D001003:Anal Canal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006427:Hemin / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000187:drug effects; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011524:Protoporphyrins; D019335:Nitroarginine; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D006427:Hemin; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; C028025:protoporphyrin IX; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D006162:Guanylate Cyclase