Extent of nuclear DNA damage in ejaculated spermatozoa impacts on blastocyst development after in vitro fertilization.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the extent of ongoing apoptotic cell death measured as the presence of DNA strand breaks in spermatozoa affects embryo development to the blastocyst stage in IVF.


METHODS
A prospective comparative study.


METHODS
A university IVF clinic and a private IVF clinic.


METHODS
Men (n = 49) undergoing infertility treatment with IVF.


METHODS
After density gradient centrifugation preparation, part of the sperm sample was used for infertility treatment, and the rest was fixed in paraformaldehyde. Strand breaks in DNA that are indicative of apoptosis were detected by the in situ DNA nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique. A total of 15,000 spermatozoa from each sample were evaluated for TUNEL reactivity by flow cytometry.


METHODS
Percentage of ejaculated spermatozoa with DNA strand breaks indicative of apoptosis, blastocyst development rate, and pregnancy rate.


RESULTS
Blastocyst development showed a significant negative correlation with percentage TUNEL positivity in spermatozoa. When 20% was used as a cutoff for TUNEL positivity in sperm samples, the percentage of blastocyst development was 50% higher in the <20% TUNEL-positivity group (n = 27) compared with those with >/=20% TUNEL positivity (n = 22; 44.7% blastocyst development vs. 29.8%). Clinical pregnancy rates in these two groups were 52% vs. 44%, respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
The extent of nuclear DNA fragmentation in prepared ejaculated spermatozoa used in IVF negatively correlates with blastocyst development. A larger series of patients needs to be assessed to determine whether this paternal effect on blastocyst development may also affect pregnancy outcome.
Seli
Emre
E
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Gardner
David K
DK
Schoolcraft
William B
WB
Moffatt
Odette
O
Sakkas
Denny
D
D017209:Apoptosis; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D004249:DNA Damage; D004542:Ejaculation / Q000502:physiology*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric