Comparison of 1-hydroxypyrene exposure in the US population with that in occupational exposure studies.
Urine samples collected in 1999 and 2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed for 14 monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and, for the first time, reference range values were calculated for these metabolites in the US population. Pyrene is a major component of most PAH mixtures and often is used as a surrogate for total PAH exposure. We detected 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHpyrene), a metabolite of pyrene, in more than 99% of the samples. The overall geometric mean concentration for 1-OHpyrene in the USA was 79.8 ng/l, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 69.0-92.2 ng/l. The overall geometric mean creatinine-adjusted urinary 1-OHpyrene levels in the USA was 74.2 ng/g creatinine (0.039 micromol/mol), with a 95% CI of 64.1-85.9 ng/g creatinine (0.034-0.046 micromol/mol). There were no statistically significant differences among age, gender, or race/ethnicity groups. Adult smokers in the USA have urinary 1-OHpyrene levels three times higher than those of non-smokers. This difference was statistically significant. In this paper, we compare the reference range of urinary 1-OHpyrene levels with levels reported from various occupations by other researchers.
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE , Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. Wfh7@cdc.gov
Wenlin
W
Huang
James
J
Grainger
Donald G
DG
Patterson
Wayman E
WE
Turner
Samuel P
SP
Caudill
Larry L
LL
Needham
James L
JL
Pirkle
Eric J
EJ
Sampson
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000592:standards*; D009790:Occupations; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000652:urine; D014481:United States; D016482:Urinalysis
D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene