A transcriptional coactivator, AtGIF1, is involved in regulating leaf growth and morphology in Arabidopsis.
Previously, we described the AtGRF [Arabidopsis thaliana growth-regulating factor (GRF)] gene family, which encodes putative transcription factors that play a regulatory role in growth and development of leaves and cotyledons. We demonstrate here that the C-terminal region of GRF proteins has transactivation activity. In search of partner proteins for GRF1, we identified another gene family, GRF-interacting factor (GIF), which comprises three members. Sequence and molecular analysis showed that GIF1 is a functional homolog of the human SYT transcription coactivator. We found that the N-terminal region of GIF1 protein was involved in the interaction with GRF1. To understand the biological function of GIF1, we isolated a loss-of-function mutant of GIF1 and prepared transgenic plants subject to GIF1-specific RNA interference. Like grf mutants, the gif1 mutant and transgenic plants developed narrower leaves and petals than did wild-type plants, and combinations of gif1 and grf mutations showed a cooperative effect. The narrow leaf phenotype of gif1, as well as that of the grf triple mutant, was caused by a reduction in cell numbers along the leaf-width axis. We propose that GRF1 and GIF1 act as transcription activator and coactivator, respectively, and that they are part of a complex involved in regulating the growth and shape of leaves and petals.
Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1312, USA.
Jeong Hoe
JH
Kim
Hans
H
Kende
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators