Hemoglobin-based red blood cell substitutes.
Polyhemoglobin is already well into the final stages of clinical trials in humans with one approved for routine clinical use in South Africa. Conjugated hemoglobin is also in ongoing clinical trials. Meanwhile, recombinant Hb has been modified to modulate the effects of nitric oxide. Other systems contain antioxidant enzymes for those clinical applications that may have potential problems related to ischemia-reperfusion injuries. Other developments are based on hemoglobin-lipid vesicles and also the use of nanotechnology and biodegradable copolymers to prepare nanodimension artificial red blood cells containing hemoglobin and complex enzyme systems.
Chang
Thomas Ming Swi
TM
Artificial Cells and Organs Research Centre, MSSS-FRSQ Research Group on Blood Substitutes in Transfusion Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D036103:Nanotechnology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*
D000975:Antioxidants; D001802:Blood Substitutes; D006454:Hemoglobins; C037158:polyhemoglobin; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)