Jet injector compared with oral midazolam for preoperative sedation in children.
BACKGROUND
This study compared onset of sedation and satisfaction with two needleless jet injectors with the oral route for the administration of midazolam.


METHODS
Forty-five children ages 1-6 years were randomly assigned to receive either 0.5 mg kg(-1) oral midazolam, 0.2 mg kg(-1) subcutaneous midazolam by J-Tip injector or 0.2 mg kg(-1) intramuscular midazolam by Bioject injector. After midazolam administration the children were monitored for oxygen saturation, heart rate and level of sedation (0, alert; 1, calm; 2, drowsy; 3, dozing; 4, asleep) every 2 min for 20 min by a physician blinded to the route of administration. Patient satisfaction, resistance to treatment, success of delivery, problems with separation, and acceptance of mask at the time of induction were evaluated after midazolam treatment.


RESULTS
The Bioject showed a faster onset of sedation than either the J-Tip injector or the oral midazolam (P < 0.05). The children were significantly less satisfied with the Bioject and J-Tip administration vs oral midazolam (P < 0.05). There were no differences in resistance, success of delivery, problems with separation, mask acceptance, arterial oxygen saturation or heart rate.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite children being less satisfied with Bioject injection of midazolam, the procedure is safe, effective and provides a more rapid onset of preoperative sedation in children than either the J-Tip injection or oral route.
Anesthesiology Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Brad
B
Fine
Rose
R
Castillo
Tim
T
McDonald
Chanannait
C
Paisansathan
Elemer
E
Zsigmond
William E
WE
Hoffman
D000284:Administration, Oral; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007223:Infant; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007277:Injections, Jet / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D010100:Oxygen