[Botulinum toxin in urology. Indications and results].
Botulinum toxin is a presynaptic neuromuscular blocking agent inducing selective and reversible muscle weakness for up to several months when injected intramuscularly. In urology, indications for botulinum A toxin injections have been reported in detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, neurogenic detrusor over activity and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Randomized controlled studies are available for these indications. During the last few years, the indications have been expanded to include chronic retention, chronic pelvic pain, and motor and sensory urinary urge incontinence. However, further research is needed on the efficacy and safety as well as the dilution, dose and number of injection sites.
Schurch
B
B
Neuro-Urologie, Schweizer Paraplegikerzentrum, Universitätsklinik Balgrist, Zürich. schurchb@balgrist.unizh.ch
Reitz
A
A
D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014572:Urology / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends
D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A