Oral treatment of murine cytomegalovirus infections with ether lipid esters of cidofovir.
To improve the oral bioavailability of cidofovir (CDV), a series of ether lipid ester prodrugs were synthesized and evaluated for activity against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. Four of these analogs, hexadecyloxypropyl (HDP)-CDV, octadecyloxyethyl (ODE)-CDV, oleyloxyethyl (OLE)-CDV, and oleyloxypropyl (OLP)-CDV, were found to have greater activity than CDV against human CMV and MCMV in vitro. The efficacy of oral treatment with these compounds against MCMV infections in BALB/c mice was then determined. Treatment with HDP-CDV, ODE-CDV, OLE-CDV, or OLP-CDV at 2.0 to 6.7 mg/kg of body weight provided significant protection when daily treatments were initiated 24 to 48 h after viral inoculation. Additionally, HDP-CDV or ODE-CDV administered twice weekly or as a single dose of 1.25 to 10 mg/kg was effective in reducing mortality when treatment was initiated at 24 h, 48 h, or, in some cases, 72 h after viral inoculation. In animals treated daily with HDP-CDV or ODE-CDV, virus titers in lung, liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, salivary gland, and blood were reduced 3 to 5 log(10)-fold, which was comparable to CDV given intraperitoneally. These results indicated that HDP-CDV or ODE-CDV given orally was as effective as parenteral CDV for the treatment of experimental MCMV infection and suggest that further evaluation for use in CMV infections in humans is warranted.
Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine, CHB 128, 1600 6th Ave. South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA. Kern@uab.edu
Earl R
ER
Kern
Deborah J
DJ
Collins
W Brad
WB
Wan
James R
JR
Beadle
Karl Y
KY
Hostetler
Debra C
DC
Quenelle
D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077404:Cidofovir; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D003596:Cytosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004952:Esters / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D019562:Viral Load
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004952:Esters; D008055:Lipids; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D003596:Cytosine; D000077404:Cidofovir