[Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Retrospective and prospective data from a multicenter study on prevalence, diagnosis and therapy in Germany].
BACKGROUND
Data regarding the prevalence of SBP in patients with ascites or the diagnostic and therapeutic management of SBP in Germany are lacking.


METHODS
In a multicenter study (40 hospitals), retrospective, then prospective data were collected investigating the prevalence of SBP in patients with ascites and the pertinent diagnostic and therapeutic management. In 272 prospectively entered patients with ascites (cirrhosis/malignant ascites/other: n = 227/42/3) a diagnostic paracentesis was performed and SBP diagnosed using the ascitic neutrophil count. History, clinical symptoms and laboratory findings were recorded and potential risk factors analysed by univariate analysis and stepwise logistic regression. SBP was treated with a standard dose of a third-generation cephalosporin.


RESULTS
In the retrospective study, SBP was diagnosed in 648 of 4,697 patients with ascites (14 %). Employed diagnostic and therapeutic pathways were not effective in several hospital departments. In the prospective trial, SBP was found in 134 of 272 patients with ascites (49,3 %). Frequency of symptoms was significantly different in patients either with or without SBP, as were macroscopic aspect of ascites, urine excretion and several biochemical parameters. However, their diagnostic precision was unsatisfactory. Predictive factors for SBP were previous paracentesis, endoscopic procedures and a history of abdominal pain. Treatment was effective in 83,5 % of cases. Inhospital mortality was 10 %.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of SBP in hospitalised patients with ascites in Germany is similar to that in southern Europe and USA. Symptoms alone lack sufficient diagnostic accuracy. Third-generation cephalosporin is an effective antibiotic in SBP. Pertinent diagnostic and therapeutic management calls for improvement.
Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. wolfgang.fleig@medizin.uni-halle.de
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Fleig
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Grothe
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Lotterer
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Behl
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001201:Ascites / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology; D019152:Paracentesis; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents