Internal ribosome entry site structural motifs conserved among mammalian fibroblast growth factor 1 alternatively spliced mRNAs.
Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF-1) is a powerful angiogenic factor whose gene structure contains four promoters, giving rise to a process of alternative splicing resulting in four mRNAs with alternative 5' untranslated regions (5' UTRs). Here we have identified, by using double luciferase bicistronic vectors, the presence of internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in the human FGF-1 5' UTRs, particularly in leaders A and C, with distinct activities in mammalian cells. DNA electrotransfer in mouse muscle revealed that the IRES present in the FGF-1 leader A has a high activity in vivo. We have developed a new regulatable TET OFF bicistronic system, which allowed us to rule out the possibility of any cryptic promoter in the FGF-1 leaders. FGF-1 IRESs A and C, which were mapped in fragments of 118 and 103 nucleotides, respectively, are flexible in regard to the position of the initiation codon, making them interesting from a biotechnological point of view. Furthermore, we show that FGF-1 IRESs A of murine and human origins show similar IRES activity profiles. Enzymatic and chemical probing of the FGF-1 IRES A RNA revealed a structural domain conserved among mammals at both the nucleotide sequence and RNA structure levels. The functional role of this structural motif has been demonstrated by point mutagenesis, including compensatory mutations. These data favor an important role of IRESs in the control of FGF-1 expression and provide a new IRES structural motif that could help IRES prediction in 5' UTR databases.
Martineau
Yvan
Y
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U589, Hormones, Facteurs de Croissance et Physiopathologie Vasculaire, Institut Louis Bugnard, IFR31, CHU Rangueil, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
Le Bec
Christine
C
Monbrun
Laurent
L
Allo
Valérie
V
Chiu
Ing-Ming
IM
Danos
Olivier
O
Moine
Hervé
H
Prats
Hervé
H
Prats
Anne-Catherine
AC
D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment
D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016220:Fibroblast Growth Factor 1