Prevalence of 20S proteasome, anti-nuclear and thyroid antibodies in young patients at onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus and the risk of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) are at high risk to develop further autoimmune disorders, which are mostly characterized by the presence of organ-specific antibodies in serum and a subclinical disease course. Diabetes-related (glutamic acid decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase, IA-2) and thyroid-specific (thyroperoxidase, thyroglobulin) as well as antibodies to 20S proteasome, and anti-nuclear antibodies, were measured at DM1 onset in 147 children and adolescents. Patients were followed prospectively for the development of autoimmune thyroiditis (TSH elevation and/or sonographic thyroid gland enlargement in the presence of thyroid antibodies) up to 12 years, median observation time 4.4 years. Eight of 147 (5.4%) patients developed autoimmune thyroiditis. The cumulative incidence (+/-SE) at 5 years was 0.08+/-0.03. The prevalence of thyroid antibodies was 16.7%, of DM-related 88.4%, 20S proteasome 21.9%, and anti-nuclear antibodies 20.0%. There was a positive correlation between thyroid and anti-nuclear antibodies (p <0.001). Clinical course of DM1 and remission duration were not influenced by the presence of autoantibodies. However, in contrast to patients without antibodies, those with positive antibodies had significantly (p <0.001) elevated cumulative incidence of autoimmune thyroiditis at 5 years: thyroperoxidase 0.40+/-0.13, thyroglobulin 0.38+/-0.15, and anti-nuclear antibodies 0.29+/-0.12, respectively. These data underline that autoimmunity in patients with DM1 is not only restricted to beta-cell antigens at the onset of disease. In particular, patients with positive thyroid and anti-nuclear antibodies are at high risk to develop autoimmune thyroiditis during the first 5 years of DM1.
Kordonouri
Olga
O
Clinics of General Pediatrics, Otto-Heubner-Centrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin Charité, Berlin, Germany. olga.kordonouri@charite.de
Meyer
Kathrin
K
Egerer
Karl
K
Hartmann
Reinhard
R
Scheffler
Sonja
S
Burmester
Gerd-R
GR
Kuckelkorn
Ulrike
U
Danne
Thomas
T
Feist
Eugen
E
D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis*; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000276:immunology*; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*
D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex