An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that specifically activates pyrrolysine.
Pyrrolysine, the 22nd cotranslationally inserted amino acid, was found in the Methanosarcina barkeri monomethylamine methyltransferase protein in a position that is encoded by an in-frame UAG stop codon in the mRNA. M. barkeri encodes a special amber suppressor tRNA (tRNA(Pyl)) that presumably recognizes this UAG codon. It was reported that Lys-tRNA(Pyl) can be formed by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-like M. barkeri protein PylS [Srinivasan, G., James, C. M. & Krzycki, J. A. (2002) Science 296, 1459-1462], whereas a later article showed that Lys-tRNA(Pyl) is synthesized by the combined action of LysRS1 and LysRS2, the two different M. barkeri lysyl-tRNA synthetases. Pyrrolysyl-tRNA(Pyl) formation was presumed to result from subsequent modification of lysine attached to tRNA(Pyl). To investigate whether pyrrolysine can be directly attached to tRNA(Pyl) we chemically synthesized pyrrolysine. We show that PylS is a specialized aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for charging pyrrolysine to tRNA(Pyl); lysine and tRNA(Lys) are not substrates of the enzyme. In view of the properties of PylS we propose to name this enzyme pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase. In contrast, the LysRS1:LysRS2 complex does not recognize pyrrolysine and charges tRNA(Pyl) with lysine. These in vitro data suggest that Methanosarcina cells have two pathways for acylating the suppressor tRNA(Pyl). This would ensure efficient translation of the in-frame UAG codon in case of pyrrolysine deficiency and safeguard the biosynthesis of the proteins whose genes contain this special codon.
Departments of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry and Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.
Carla
C
Polycarpo
Alexandre
A
Ambrogelly
Amélie
A
Bérubé
SusAnn M
SM
Winbush
James A
JA
McCloskey
Pamela F
PF
Crain
John L
JL
Wood
Dieter
D
Söll
D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019843:Archaeal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018388:Codon, Terminator; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D017021:Methanosarcina barkeri / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D015394:Molecular Structure; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis
D019843:Archaeal Proteins; D018388:Codon, Terminator; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D008780:Methyltransferases; D000604:Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; C456839:pyrrolysine; D008239:Lysine