True gynecomastia in congenitally HIV-infected children treated with antiretroviral agents.
Gynecomastia is an emerging untoward effect of HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral agents, but frequency, pathogenesis, relationship to single anti-HIV compounds, evolution, and outcome are still under investigation. We report the first two cases of true gynecomastia observed in prepubertal congenitally-infected boys, and clinical, antiretroviral, metabolic, hormonal, virological, and immunological aspects.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy. manfredi@med.unibo.it
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R
Manfredi
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Calza
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F
Chiodo
D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index