Glycogen storage disease type II: enzymatic screening in dried blood spots on filter paper.
BACKGROUND
Glycogen storage disease II is characterized by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase. Currently, glycogen storage disease II is diagnosed by demonstrating the virtual absence or a marked reduction of acid alpha-glucosidase activity in muscle biopsies, cultured fibroblasts, or purified lymphocytes. Early diagnosis and treatment of glycogen storage disease II are considered to be critical for maximum efficacy of the enzyme replacement therapies that are in development. However, these existing diagnostic methods are not suited for newborn screening. We developed an assay useful for newborn screening for glycogen storage disease II.


METHODS
A series of three enzyme assays to measure the alpha-glucosidase activities in dried blood spots on filter paper was developed. The measurement of acid alpha-glucosidase activity with minimal interference by other alpha-glucosidases was accomplished using maltose as an inhibitor. The method was used on samples from glycogen storage disease II patients, obligate heterozygotes, and healthy controls.


RESULTS
Glycogen storage disease II patients were distinguished from carriers and healthy controls using the series of enzyme assays.


CONCLUSIONS
We developed a simple and noninvasive screening method for glycogen storage disease II. The method could be incorporated into newborn screening.
Chamoles
Néstor A
NA
Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Uriarte 2383, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina. nchamoles@velocom.com.ar
Niizawa
Gabriela
G
Blanco
Mariana
M
Gaggioli
Daniela
D
Casentini
Carina
C
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002021:Buffers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005374:Filtration; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006009:Glycogen Storage Disease Type II / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008320:Maltose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D010209:Paper; D013048:Specimen Handling
D002021:Buffers; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008320:Maltose; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase