Effects of neonatal treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine and endocrine disruptors on motor activity and gene expression in rats.
To investigate the mechanisms underlying motor hyperactivity, we performed intracisternal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine or endocrine disruptors in rats on postnatal day 5. 6-Hydroxydopamine (100 microg, 488 nmol) caused a significant increase in spontaneous motor activities at 4 weeks of age. Gene-expression profiling using a cDNA membrane array revealed alterations in several classes of gene at 8 weeks of age. In the midbrain, gene expression was enhanced in dopamine transporter 1; a platelet-derived growth factor receptor; dopamine receptor D4; galanin receptor 2; arginine vasopressin receptor 2; neuropeptide Y; tachykinin 2; and fibroblast growth factor 10. Expression was also enhanced in the glutamate/aspartate transporter gene in the striatum. Rats received an endocrine disruptor (87 nmol), such as bisphenol A, nonylphenol, p-octylphenol, or diethylhexylphthalate, which also caused motor hyperactivity at 4 weeks. The effects of bisphenol A on motor activity were dose-dependent from 0.87 to 87 nmol. The phenols caused a deficit in dopamine neurons, similarly to the deficit caused by 6-hydroxydopamine. Gene-expression profiles after treatment with endocrine disruptors showed variation and differed from those of 6-hydroxydopamine. The results suggest that neonatal treatment with environmental chemicals can generate an animal model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, in which clinical symptoms are pervasive.
Masuo
Yoshinori
Y
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan. y-masuo@aist.go.jp
Ishido
Masami
M
Morita
Masatoshi
M
Oka
Syuichi
S
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D016627:Oxidopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D016627:Oxidopamine; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds