Electrophysiological responses to light of neurons in the eye and statocyst of Lymnaea stagnalis.
Lymnaea can be classically conditioned by pairing photic stimulation with a rotational stimulus. The electrophysiological properties of the Lymnaea photoreceptors and statocyst neurons are incompletely known. There are 2 types of ocular photoreceptors and 3 types of statocyst "hair cells." Type A photoreceptors had a response latency from 200 to 400 ms, with a graded depolarizing response having maximum action spectra at 480-500 nm, corresponding to the beta(max) of rhodopsin. Additionally they extend their axons in the direction of the other type of photoreceptor neuron, the type T cell. These neurons have a 2-component response to light: a response reversibly reduced in Ca(2+)-free saline, and a component persisting in Ca(2+)-free saline. Type T cells send processes into the cerebral ganglion and terminate close to the ending of the statocyst hair cells. Hair cells send their terminal branches to the cerebral ganglia close to the terminations of the type T cells. Caudal hair cells respond to a light flash with a depolarization, whereas the rostral cells respond with a hyperpolarization. The response latency in all hair cells was dependent on the stimulus intensity; the brightest light tested had a latency of 200 ms. The photo-induced response was abolished in Ca(2+)-free saline, whereas it was still present in high Ca(2+)-high Mg(2+) saline, consistent with the hypothesis that the connection between the photoreceptors and hair cells is monosynaptic. Thus the sensory information necessary for forming an association between photic and rotational stimuli converges on the statocyst neurons.
Laboratory of Neurobiological Engineering, Department of Biological Science and Technology, School of High-Technology for Human Welfare, Tokai University, 317 Nishino, Numazu 410-0321, Shizuoka, Japan. manabu@tokai.ac.jp
Manabu
M
Sakakibara
Tomoyo
T
Aritaka
Akira
A
Iizuka
Hiroyuki
H
Suzuki
Tetsuro
T
Horikoshi
Ken
K
Lukowiak
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005123:Eye / Q000166:cytology*; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000378:metabolism; D008027:Light; D008195:Lymnaea / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011930:Reaction Time; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology
D007546:Isoquinolines; C017475:lucifer yellow; D002118:Calcium