True gynecomastia in congenitally HIV-infected children treated with antiretroviral agents.
Gynecomastia is an emerging untoward effect of HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral agents, but frequency, pathogenesis, relationship to single anti-HIV compounds, evolution, and outcome are still under investigation. We report the first two cases of true gynecomastia observed in prepubertal congenitally-infected boys, and clinical, antiretroviral, metabolic, hormonal, virological, and immunological aspects.
Manfredi
R
R
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy. manfredi@med.unibo.it
Calza
L
L
Chiodo
F
F
D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006177:Gynecomastia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index