Wegener's granulomatosis is associated with organ-specific antiendothelial cell antibodies.
BACKGROUND
Antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECA), usually detected using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), are frequently observed in systemic vasculitis, but their pathogenic role is unclear. Heterogeneity of endothelial cells necessitates use of clinically relevant endothelial cells for elucidation of the role of AECA in systemic vasculitis involving small blood vessels of specific organs.


METHODS
Human endothelial cells were isolated from normal tissue specimens from the nose, kidney, lung, liver, and umbilical vein. Using flow cytometry, AECA were detected against both unstimulated and cytokine-stimulated [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] endothelial cells. Functional capacity of AECA was determined by complement fixation assay. Sera from patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (16), limited Wegener's granulomatosis (8), renal limited disease (4), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) (5), rheumatoid arthritis (10), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (9), and from healthy controls (20) were analyzed.


RESULTS
Compared with controls (1) Wegener's granulomatosis is significantly associated with noncytotoxic AECA that selectively bind surface antigens on unstimulated nasal, kidney, and lung endothelial cells; (2) binding of Wegener's granulomatosis AECA to kidney and nasal endothelial cells in particular was lost upon treatment with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha; (3) the two cytokines per se were cytotoxic (30%) to nasal and lung endothelial cells and lysis was further increased (60%) by addition of systemic vasculitis serum; and (4) Wegener's granulomatosis serum caused agglutination of cytokine-stimulated nasal endothelial cells.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on these findings we suggest that AECA may be one factor involved in the initiation of Wegener's granulomatosis. Antigen identification and elucidation of the pathogenic roles of AECA and inflammatory cytokines in systemic vasculitis using these cells will be particularly important.
Holmén
Carolina
C
Division of Clinical Immunology, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Christensson
Marta
M
Pettersson
Erna
E
Bratt
Johan
J
Stjärne
Pär
P
Karrar
Azza
A
Sumitran-Holgersson
Suchitra
S
D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D003168:Complement Fixation Tests; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D009666:Nose / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D009928:Organ Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology
D001323:Autoantibodies; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C087589:anti-endothelial cell antibody; D007371:Interferon-gamma