Evaluation of electrochemically generated ozone for the disinfection of water and wastewater.
Effective wastewater treatment is critical to public health and well-being. This is especially true in developing countries, where disinfection of wastewater is frequently inadequate. People who live in these areas may benefit from wastewater disinfection using ozone. This study evaluated the ability of a new electrochemical process of ozone generation, which produced ozone continuously at high pressure and concentration by the electrolysis of water, to disinfect tap water and secondarily treated wastewater. Inactivation of Klebsiella terrigena, Escherichia coli, MS2 bacteriophage and poliovirus 1 was evaluated first in reverse osmosis (RO) treated water. Inactivation of K. terrigena (6-log), E. coli (6-log), MS2 (6-log) and poliovirus 1 (>3-log) was observed after 1 min of ozonation in a 1 L batch reactor. Experiments were then performed to assess the microbiological impact of disinfection using ozone on secondarily treated municipal wastewater. The effect of ozonation on wastewater was determined for total and faecal coliforms, bacteriophages and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) bacteria. Electrochemical ozone generators provided an effective, rapid and low-cost method of wastewater disinfection. Based on the results of this research, electrochemically generated ozone would be well suited to remote, small-scale, disinfection operations and may provide a feasible means of wastewater disinfection in developing countries.
Tanner
B D
BD
Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. btanner@u.arizona.edu
Kuwahara
S
S
Gerba
C P
CP
Reynolds
K A
KA
D003906:Developing Countries; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000472:pathogenicity; D007709:Klebsiella / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017909:Levivirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000737:chemistry*; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry*; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D010126:Ozone