Characterization of dynamic and steady-state protein phosphorylation using a fluorescent phosphoprotein gel stain and mass spectrometry.
Protein phosphorylation plays a vital role in the regulation of most aspects of cellular activity, being key to propagating messages within signal transduction pathways and to modulating protein function. Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein gel stain is suitable for the fluorescence detection of phosphoserine-, phosphothreonine-, and phosphotyrosine-containing proteins directly in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. The technology is especially appropriate for profiling steady-state and dynamic phosphorylation on a proteome-wide scale, as demonstrated through detection of the native phosphorylation of cardiac mitochondrial phosphoproteins and changes in this profile arising from the activity of a protein kinase. For example, Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein gel stain was employed to demonstrate that among the 46 subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), a 42 kDa subunit is phosphorylated in the steady-state. However, exposure of mitochondria to cAMP-dependent protein kinase increases phosphorylation of this 42 kDa subunit and results in de novo phosphorylation of an 18 kDa subunit as well. Since Pro-Q Diamond dye binds to phosphorylated residues noncovalently, the staining technology is fully compatible with modern microchemical analysis procedures, such as peptide mass profiling by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and post-source decay analysis of peptide phosphorylation.
Schulenberg
Birte
B
Proteomics Department, Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR 97402, USA. birte.schulenberg@probes.com
Goodman
Terrie N
TN
Aggeler
Robert
R
Capaldi
Roderick A
RA
Patton
Wayne F
WF
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D010769:Phosphothreonine / Q000378:metabolism; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000378:metabolism*; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011506:Proteins; D010769:Phosphothreonine; D010768:Phosphoserine; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I