Prevalence and severity of malnutrition and age at menarche; cross-sectional studies in adolescent schoolgirls in western Kenya.
OBJECTIVE
Nutritional status is an important marker of overall health and linear growth retardation has serious long-term physiological and economic consequences. Approximately 35 and 29% of preschool children in sub-Saharan Africa are stunted and underweight, respectively. There is relatively little information available about the nutritional status in adolescents, the age group with the highest growth velocity after infancy. We conducted a series of cross-sectional surveys to determine the prevalence and main risk groups for malnutrition and to describe the associations between age, sexual maturation and nutritional status in adolescent schoolgirls in western Kenya.


METHODS
Three cross-sectional surveys; one in Mumias, using random sampling in all schools, and two surveys in Asembo, using a multi-stage random sample design.


METHODS
Public primary schools in two different rural malaria endemic areas in western Kenya with high levels of malnutrition in preschool children.


METHODS
In all, 928 randomly selected adolescent schoolgirls aged 12-18 y.


RESULTS
Overall prevalence of stunting and thinness was 12.1 and 15.6%, respectively. Of the total, 2% were severely stunted. Menarche and start of puberty were delayed by approximately 1.5-2 y compared to a US reference population. The prevalence of stunting and thinness decreased with age and mean height for age z-scores converged towards the median of the US reference curve. Girls who had not yet started menstruating were more likely to be stunted than the girls of the same age who were post-menarche.


CONCLUSIONS
Stunting and thinness are common in young adolescent schoolgirls in these poor rural settings in western Kenya, but the prevalence decreases with age, providing observational support that children catch up on incomplete growth attained earlier in life due to a maturational delay of 1.5-2 y allowing prolonged growth.
Leenstra
T
T
Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kisumu, Kenya. Tjalling-Leenstra@brown.edu
Petersen
L T
LT
Kariuki
S K
SK
Oloo
A J
AJ
Kager
P A
PA
ter Kuile
F O
FO
D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008572:Menarche / Q000502:physiology*; D009752:Nutritional Status; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012423:Rural Health; D012720:Severity of Illness Index