Coxsackie B viruses use multiple receptors to infect human cardiac cells.
Viral myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle that can be fatal. The primary viruses that have been linked to myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy are the human enteroviruses. The most common viruses associated with this disease are the Coxsackie B viruses and in particular Coxsackievirus B3 and Coxsackievirus B5. Early events in viral infection include attachment of the virus onto cell surface receptors. Even though, CD55 and Coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor protein (CAR) have been identified as receptors for Coxsackievirus B3, the exact mechanisms that Coxsackievirus B3 and B5 use to infect the cardiac muscle are not yet known. In this study, attempts were made to inhibit Coxsackievirus B3 and Coxsackievirus B5 infectivity of cardiac cells by using CAR and CD55 specific antibodies. The results show that these antibodies could not completely inhibit Coxsackievirus B3 and Coxsackievirus B5 binding or infectivity. Furthermore five new proteins have been identified that are used by Coxsackieviruses for binding to cardiac tissue and are distinct from CAR or CD55, leading us to believe that these viruses may use a different set of receptors for infection of cardiac muscle.
Orthopoulos
George
G
University of Sussex, Infection and Immunity Group, School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom.
Triantafilou
Kathy
K
Triantafilou
Martha
M
D000328:Adult; D018958:CD55 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000821:virology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
D018958:CD55 Antigens; C568771:CLMP protein, human; D062727:Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein; D011991:Receptors, Virus