The effects of elk velvet antler consumption on the rat: development, behavior, toxicity and the activity of liver gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.
The effect of exposure to, followed by consumption of, a diet containing 10% powdered elk velvet antler (EVA) from the 18th day of gestation to the 88th day after birth was examined in male and female Fischer 344 rats. There were no teratogenic effects of EVA exposure in utero or differences in birth outcomes between pups born to regular chow fed and EVA chow fed dams. Growth curves of the EVA fed rats were identical to those of regular chow fed rats, as were developmental milestones of pinna development and eye-opening. Acoustical startle and righting reflexes, developmental and behavioral indices, were identical. Blood glucose levels were comparable in EVA chow fed and regular chow fed rats, indicating that EVA is without effect on glucose balance. There were no signs of toxicity in the EVA chow fed compared to regular chow fed rats as judged from plasma enzyme markers of liver damage: plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase were 50% lower in EVA chow fed rats compared to regular chow fed rats; and plasma levels of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gammaGT) were the same. The activity of gammaGT displayed a decrease in the livers of EVA chow fed rats, more so in the male (22%) than in the female (14%), suggestive of an androgenic effect. A possible hepatobeneficial effect of the EVA induced decrease in liver gammaGT is discussed. In summary, dietary10% EVA chow is without long term effect on growth, development and behavior is non-toxic and may be hepatobeneficial.
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. hemmings@sask.usask.ca
Susan J
SJ
Hemmings
Xiuyuan
X
Song
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000999:Antlers / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects; D003670:Deer / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects; D008098:Litter Size; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008419:Materia Medica / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012867:Skin; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
D001786:Blood Glucose; D008419:Materia Medica; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase