European clinical guidelines for hyperkinetic disorder -- first upgrade.
BACKGROUND
The validity of clinical guidelines changes over time, because new evidence-based knowledge and experience develop.


OBJECTIVE
Hence, the European clinical guidelines on hyperkinetic disorder from 1998 had to be evaluated and modified.


METHODS
Discussions at the European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS) and iterative critique of each clinical analysis. Guided by evidence-based information and based on evaluation (rather than metaanalysis) of the scientific evidence a group of child psychiatrists and psychologists from several European countries updated the guidelines of 1998. When reliable information is lacking the group gives a clinical consensus when it could be found among themselves.


RESULTS
The group presents here a set of recommendations for the conceptualization and management of hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).


CONCLUSIONS
A general scheme for practice in Europe could be provided, on behalf of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP).
Dept. of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry Kings College London, de Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK. e.taylor@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Eric
E
Taylor
Manfred
M
Döpfner
Joseph
J
Sergeant
Philip
P
Asherson
Tobias
T
Banaschewski
Jan
J
Buitelaar
David
D
Coghill
Marina
M
Danckaerts
Aribert
A
Rothenberger
Edmund
E
Sonuga-Barke
Hans-Christoph
HC
Steinhausen
Alessandro
A
Zuddas
D000483:Alleles; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D005060:Europe; D005787:Gene Frequency; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000628:therapy; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015995:Prevalence; D011594:Psychometrics; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology
D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D050483:Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D008774:Methylphenidate