Role of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin and macrophage protein 1-alpha (MIP-1a) in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of markers of bone remodelling, and osteoclast activation/function in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). We have measured serum levels of soluble RANKL (sRANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), markers of bone resorption [N-telopeptide of collagen type-I (NTX), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform-5b (TRACP-5b)] and bone formation [bone-alkaline phosphatase (bALP)] in 40 MGUS patients. These parameters were compared with those of 42 newly diagnosed myeloma patients, and 45 healthy, gender- and age-matched controls. MGUS patients had elevated levels of NTX, sRANKL, and sRANKL/OPG ratio compared with controls (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, TRACP-5b, MIP-1alpha and NTX were decreased in patients with MGUS compared with myeloma patients (P < 0.001), while OPG and bALP were increased (P < 0.001). Serum levels of MIP-1alpha, as well as TRACP-5b, and sRANKL/OPG ratio were reduced, while bALP was increased in MGUS patients, even when compared with myeloma patients who had stage I/II disease. These results demonstrate that increased osteoclastogenesis leading to increased bone resorption is present in MGUS but seems to be compensated for by normal bone formation, which is absent in MM. Furthermore MIP-1alpha, bALP, and sRANKL/OPG may be useful tools for distinguishing between cases of MGUS and early myeloma.
Politou
Marianna
M
Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
Terpos
Evangelos
E
Anagnostopoulos
Athanasios
A
Szydlo
Richard
R
Laffan
Michael
M
Layton
Mark
M
Apperley
Jane F
JF
Dimopoulos
Meletios-Athanasios
MA
Rahemtulla
Amin
A
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001862:Bone Resorption; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010265:Paraproteinemias / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000097:blood*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
D015415:Biomarkers; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D006023:Glycoproteins; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human