A survey of epidural technique and accidental dural puncture rates among obstetric anaesthetists.
Five hundred UK obstetric anaesthetists were surveyed to investigate retrospectively the relationship between experience, rotation of the epidural needle within the epidural space, choice of loss-of-resistance agent and accidental dural puncture (ADP) rate. Responses were received from 390 (78%) of the members surveyed. Anaesthetists with more than 15 years' experience are more likely to perform an epidural with the patient in the lateral position (P < 0.001), use loss-of-resistance to air to detect the epidural space (P < 0.001) and rotate the epidural needle after identifying the epidural space (P = 0.001) when compared to those of less experience. A reduced inadvertent dural puncture rate was found to be associated with increased frequency of performing the procedure (P = 0.012), greater experience of the practitioner (P = 0.049) and non-rotation of the epidural needle (P = 0.023). There are three components that can alter from case to case; patient positioning, loss-of-resistance agent and needle rotation. Loss-of-resistance agent and patient positioning in isolation did not significantly influence ADP rate. This study suggests that the combination of practising lateral patient positioning, loss-of-resistance to saline and non-rotation of the epidural needle significantly reduces ADP rate (P = 0.035).
Cowan
C M
CM
Liverpool Women's Hospital and the Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK. craig@cowan1970.freeserve.co.uk
Moore
E W
EW