The investigation of glutathione peroxidase, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase and interleukin-1beta in gingival crevicular fluid: implications for oxidative stress in human periodontal diseases.
BACKGROUND
Human periodontal diseases are inflammatory disorders that are the result of complex interactions between periodontopathogens and the host's immune response. Two important and interrelated factors are involved in the pathophysiological progression of periodontal diseases, i.e. the activation of immune system and the production of oxygen radicals and their related metabolites. Increased production of oxygen radicals may contribute to oxidative stress, which is reported to be involved in many diseases, including periodontal diseases.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate glutathione peroxidase, lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase, which play an essential role in free radical production and defenses, and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), which is important in the regulation of immunological and inflammatory reactions in human periodontal diseases.


METHODS
Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from 27 subjects, 19 periodontitis patients and eight healthy controls, ranging in ages from 24 to 62 years. Clinical parameters were recorded. GCF glutathione peroxidase, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase and IL-1beta were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).


RESULTS
The periodontitis sites exhibited significantly greater total amount of glutathione peroxidase, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase and IL-1beta than healthy sites. Total amount of glutathione peroxidase, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase and IL-1beta was positively correlated with plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and probing attachment level (p < 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
The imbalance between the levels of myeloperoxidase/IL-1beta and glutathione peroxidase/lactoferrin could result in tissue damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in periodontitis which is initiated and perpetuated by the chronic insults of periodontopathogens.
Wei
Pi-Fen
PF
Department of Periodontics, Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.
Ho
Kun-Yen
KY
Ho
Yea-Pyng
YP
Wu
Yi-Min
YM
Yang
Yi-Hsin
YH
Tsai
Chi-Cheng
CC
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
D007375:Interleukin-1; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D007781:Lactoferrin