Cytotoxic synergy between indomethacin and hydrochloric acid in gastric mucosal cells.
Orally ingested non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acid in gastric secretions are gastric irritants that co-exist at the surface of the gastric mucosa. Here, we examined the individual and combined effects of indomethacin, a typical NSAID, and hydrochloric acid on cell death in primary cultures of guinea pig gastric mucosal cells. Indomethacin alone (at concentrations less than 200 microM) did not induce apoptosis; however, hydrochloric acid-induced apoptosis was stimulated in the presence of indomethacin (50-200 microM). Isobologram analysis confirmed the presence of a cytotoxic synergy between indomethacin and hydrochloric acid. The synergistic response between the two gastric irritants was also observed for necrosis. Given that the IC50 value of indomethacin for inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis is about 5 nM, the synergistic response between indomethacin and hydrochloric acid appears to be independent of the inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity by indomethacin.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
Ken-Ichiro
K
Tanaka
Wataru
W
Tomisato
Shinji
S
Tsutsumi
Tatsuya
T
Hoshino
Tomofusa
T
Tsuchiya
Tohru
T
Mizushima
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D007213:Indomethacin