Conserved sequence and structure association motifs in antibody-protein and antibody-hapten complexes.
In this paper, we present the association requirements across a wide variety of antibody-antigen complexes. Phylogenetic analysis clearly indicates the representative nature of our structural dataset. Antigen molecules range from small-molecule haptens to complete protein structures. Common association motifs identified include five conserved tyrosine residues and a single conserved arginine residue from CDR-H3. Further, specificity is refined by a diverse array of antibody-antigen electrostatic interactions that maximize complex specificity. Through analysis of calculated pKa shifts on antigen binding, we find that these interactions are conserved at 23 alignment 'hot-spot' positions. Despite consistent roles in defining substrate specificity, 16 hot-spot positions are conserved less than 50% of the time. On the other hand, because of the conserved functional role of these positions, mutant screening at hot-spots is more likely to result in increased antigen specificity than elsewhere. Therefore, we believe these results should facilitate subsequent antibody design experimentation.
Livesay
Dennis R
DR
Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA.
Subramaniam
Shankar
S
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D019295:Computational Biology; D006241:Haptens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D040681:Structural Homology, Protein
D000906:Antibodies; D006241:Haptens