Mineral fiber problems and their management: UK 1890-1935.
BACKGROUND
The first intimation that mineral fibers other than asbestos were biologically active, is generally identified with reports of experimental studies by Stanton and Wrench, and Pott and Friedrichs, in the early 1970s. In 1890 however, man-made mineral fiber was recognized to present human health hazards; in 1912 experimental study confirmed asbestos to be fibrogenic, and by 1935 other mineral fibers came to notice as potential lung hazards.


METHODS
Published and archival sources have been reviewed to trace the emergence between 1890 and 1935 of the awareness of the health hazards of various fibrous minerals, and the development of strategies for their control.


RESULTS
By the early 1900s there was evidence that the asbestos substituted for the man-made mineral fiber insulation material employed to improve the thermal efficiency of steam powered engines, presented a serious health problem. In the early 1930s, other mineral fibers came to be suspected of causing pneumoconiosis.


CONCLUSIONS
Containment, local exhaust ventilation and personal respiratory protection were instituted for the amelioration of asbestosis, but because of the limitations of what was perceived to be reasonably practicable on economic grounds, and what was feasible technologically, their benefits were severely limited. Initial and periodic medical examination were introduced as precautionary measures, based on hope rather than on experience. When in the early 1930s, the investigation of coal mine dust and siliceous dust, threw up the hypothesis that fibrous natural mineral dusts other than asbestos might be fibrogenic, this was ignored and no further investigations were pursued and no precautionary measures were set in train.
Greenberg
Morris
M
74, North End Road, London, NW11 7SY, United Kingdom. gmgreenberg@macunlimited.net
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history; D001194:Asbestos / Q000266:history / Q000633:toxicity*; D001195:Asbestosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003252:Construction Materials; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D019016:Mineral Fibers / Q000266:history / Q000633:toxicity*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000266:history / Q000517:prevention & control; D011009:Pneumoconiosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012106:Research / Q000266:history; D006113:United Kingdom
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D019016:Mineral Fibers; D001194:Asbestos