Ebola and Marburg virus-like particles activate human myeloid dendritic cells.
The filoviruses, Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV), are potential global health threats, which cause deadly hemorrhagic fevers. Although both EBOV and MARV logarithmically replicate in dendritic cells (DCs), these viruses do not elicit DC cytokine secretion and fail to activate and mature infected DCs. Here, we employed virus-like particles (VLPs) of EBOV and MARV to investigate whether these genome-free particles maintain similar immune evasive properties as authentic filoviruses. Confocal microscopy indicated that human myeloid-derived DCs readily took up VLPs. However, unlike EBOV and MARV, VLPs induced maturation of DCs including upregulation of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, CD86), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II surface antigens, and the late DC maturation marker CD83. The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CCR7 were also modulated on VLP-stimulated DCs, indicating that DC could migrate following VLP exposure. Furthermore, VLPs also elicited DC secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-6, and MIP-1alpha. Most significantly, in stark contrast to DC treated with intact EBOV or MARV, DC stimulated with EBOV or MARV VLPs showed enhanced ability to support human T-cell proliferation in an allogenic mixed lymphocyte response (MLR). Thus, our findings suggest that unlike EBOV and MARV, VLPs are effective stimulators of DCs and have potential in enhancing innate and adaptive immune responses.
Bosio
Catharine M
CM
Clinical Research Management, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Moore
Brian D
BD
Warfield
Kelly L
KL
Ruthel
Gordon
G
Mohamadzadeh
Mansour
M
Aman
M Javad
MJ
Bavari
Sina
S
D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D029043:Ebolavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D018702:Filoviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000032:analysis; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D029024:Marburgvirus / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000032:analysis; D054400:Receptors, CCR7; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000032:analysis; D000097802:CD83 Antigen
D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D016207:Cytokines; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D054400:Receptors, CCR7; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D000097802:CD83 Antigen; C515370:CCR7 protein, human; C497964:CD86 protein, human