An emerging peri-urban pattern of infection with Leishmania chagasi, the protozoan causing visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil.
Peri-urban visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania chagasi is emerging in a new epidemiologic pattern in Brazilian cities. We studied peri-urban VL in endemic neighborhoods surrounding Natal, Brazil, identified through hospitalized individuals with VL. Clinical and environmental information obtained for 1106 members of 216 families living in endemic neighborhoods enabled us to identify 4 groups: VL: individuals with current or prior symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (n = 135); DTH+: individuals with positive delayed-type hypersensitivity response with no history of VL (n = 390); Ab +: individuals with negative DTH response and seropositive (n = 21); DTH -: individuals with negative DTH and seronegative (n = 560). The mean +/-SD age of VL was 9.3+/-12.3 y. The gender distribution was nearly equal below age 5, but skewed toward males at higher ages. Acutely infected VL subjects had significantly lower hematocrits, neutrophils, and eosinophils than other categories. AB+ subjects also had lower eosinophil counts than others, a possible immune marker of early infection. VL was not associated with ownership of dogs or other animals, raising the question whether the reservoir differs in peri-urban settings. This new pattern of L. chagasi infection enables us to identify epidemiological and host factors underlying this emerging infectious disease.
Jeronimo
Selma M B
SM
Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil. smbj@cb.ufrn.br
Duggal
Priya
P
Braz
Regina F S
RF
Cheng
Chun
C
Monteiro
Gloria R G
GR
Nascimento
Eliana T
ET
Martins
Daniella R A
DR
Karplus
Theresa M
TM
Ximenes
Maria F F M
MF
Oliveira
Carlos C G
CC
Pinheiro
Vanessa G
VG
Pereira
Wogelsanger
W
Peralta
Jose M
JM
Sousa
Jacira
J
Medeiros
Iara M
IM
Pearsoni
Richard D
RD
Burns
Trudy L
TL
Pugh
Elizabeth W
EW
Wilson
Mary E
ME
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007891:Leishmania / Q000276:immunology*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014505:Urban Population
D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan