Women's experiences of undergoing BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing: organisation of the German Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Consortium Survey and Preliminary Data from Münster.
BACKGROUND
In order to promote safe and effective testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in clinical practice, a network of expert centres in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer ('Verbundprojekt familiärer Brust- und Eierstockkrebs'; German Consortium on Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer) has been established by the Deutsche Krebshilfe (German Cancer Aid). To improve practice, evaluations based upon the views of patients who have undergone testing concerning the impact of the genetic diagnosis and the quality of the services they receive and require are undertaken.


METHODS
Herein, we first describe the protocols for interdisciplinary pre- and post-test counselling and for molecular diagnostics, then the feedback from the patients undergoing testing. Women and men who had obtained their test results at least 6 months earlier were interviewed using a questionnaire including open and standardised questions at 11 participating centres in 2002-2003. Reported here are the survey protocol and preliminary data from interviews with women conducted by the centre based at the University of Münster's Medical School in 2002 (n = 46).


RESULTS
Compared to international guidelines, the Consortium's protocols provide more specifically outlined indications based on the mutation frequencies observed in the German population for families that should be offered interdisciplinary counselling and genetic testing. The data from the Münster survey suggest that there is little regret regarding the decision to undergo testing and that the vast majority of women would undergo the test again. However, women with positive findings experienced more problems than women with negative results. They were less prone to recommend the test and to communicate the tests results in their family compared to women with negative test results. Communication of test results within the family was characterised by preferential information of female family members.


CONCLUSIONS
BRCA1/2 testing should be provided within a framework that ensures harmonisation and standardisation of services and that protects users. Women and men with positive test results may need special support from counsellors on how to handle test results in their families. Strategies need to be developed and evaluated on how to help stimulate and facilitate the dissemination of information within families without potentially 'overstraining' the 'messenger patient', at least when a mutation has been identified.
Institut für Humangenetik, Arbeitsgruppe für Frauengesundheitsforschung, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Deutschland. nippert@uni-muenster.de
Irmgard
I
Nippert
Brigitte
B
Schlegelberger
D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*