Alcohol and the developing brain: neuroanatomical studies.
One of the distinguishing features of prenatal alcohol exposure is impaired cognitive and behavioral function resulting from damage to the central nervous system. Information available from the small number of autopsied cases in humans indicates that the offspring of mothers who abused alcohol during pregnancy have various neuroanatomical alterations ranging from gross reductions in brain size to cellular alterations. Recent neuroimaging technology provides the most powerful tool for assessing the neurotoxic effects of fetal alcohol exposure in living organisms and for exploring the relationship between behavioral dysfunction and brain damage at the regional level. Recently, animal research has suggested that the damaging effects of alcohol exposure during brain development could be prevented or attenuated by various pharmacological manipulations or by complex motor training. These promising findings provide directions for developing future prevention or intervention strategies.
Chen
Wei-Jung A
WJ
Department of Human Anatomy and Medical Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA.
Maier
Susan E
SE
Parnell
Scott E
SE
West
James R
JR
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
D000431:Ethanol