The heat-shock-induced suppression of the IkappaB/NF-kappaB cascade is due to inactivation of upstream regulators of IkappaBalpha through insolubilization.
Heat shock (HS) was found to suppress the IkappaB/NF-kappaB cascade via the inhibition of IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity; however, the mechanism has not been clear. This study was undertaken to elucidate the detail of the mechanism involved. TNF-alpha-induced activation of IKK was suppressed by HS in human bronchial epithelial cells, and this was associated with the absence of IKK in the immunoprecipitates. It was not due to a degradation of IKK, but due to a conversion of IKK from a soluble to an insoluble form. IKK lost its activity rapidly upon exposure to HS in vitro. The time course of the insolubilization of IKK coincided with the decrease in IKK activity. However, inhibition of IKK insolubilization by the induction of thermotolerance did not reverse the HS-induced suppression of IKK activation and IkappaBalpha degradation. Upstream activators of IKK, such as NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) and IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) were also insolubilized by HS. The HS-induced insolubilization of NIK was not blocked by the induction of thermotolerance. Overexpression of NIK resumed TNF-alpha-induced activation of IKK in thermotolerant cells. These results indicate that the loss of activity of NIK, IRAK, and IKK through insolubilization is responsible for the HS-induced suppression of IkappaB/NF-kappaB pathway.
Lee
Kyoung-Hee
KH
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
Hwang
Yoon-Ha
YH
Lee
Choon-Taek
CT
Kim
Young Whan
YW
Han
Sung Koo
SK
Shim
Young-Soo
YS
Yoo
Chul-Gyu
CG
D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005809:Genes, Regulator / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D018869:Heat-Shock Response / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D053592:Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; C496559:CHUK protein, human; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human