Inflammatory cytokines and cell death in BEAS-2B lung cells treated with soil dust, lipopolysaccharide, and surface-modified particles.
Cultured human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were treated in vitro with PM(2.5)-enriched particles of soil-derived mineral dust from nine sites in the western United States. The particle samples simulate windblown dust and vehicle-generated emissions from unpaved roads. Five of the sites yielded relatively benign dust. Particles from three sites caused IL-6 release when cells were treated for 24 h at doses from 20 to 80 microg/cm(2), and particles from one site were highly cytotoxic. The particle components or characteristics that caused the IL-6 release were stable at temperatures below 150 degrees C, but were inactivated by treatment at 300-550 degrees C. The active factors were also associated predominantly with the insoluble fraction, and were partially attenuated by leaching with aqueous and organic solvents. The IL-6 release caused by the particles was much greater than the cytokine response to either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or to surrogate particles of titanium dioxide mixed with LPS, suggesting that endotoxin was not a major factor in the inflammatory response. The release of IL-8 in response to particle treatment was qualitatively similar to the IL-6 response, but release of TNF-alpha was not detected at the 24-h time point. The combined results support the hypothesis that some ambient dusts from geological sources can cause cell death and cytokine release in a lung cell line that is widely used as an in vitro model to study mechanisms of environmental respiratory injury.
Veranth
John M
JM
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 112 Skaggs Hall, University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5820, USA. John.Veranth@utah.edu
Reilly
Christopher A
CA
Veranth
Martha M
MM
Moss
Tyler A
TA
Langelier
Charles R
CR
Lanza
Diane L
DL
Yost
Garold S
GS
D000393:Air Pollutants; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010316:Particle Size; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000276:immunology; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D000393:Air Pollutants; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004391:Dust; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012987:Soil; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C009495:titanium dioxide; D014025:Titanium