Carotenoid radical cations and dications: EPR, optical, and electrochemical studies.
Investigations of the structure and properties of paramagnetic carotenoid radical cations and diamagnetic carotenoid dications using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy in conjunction with electrochemical, optical, and HPLC measurements, and molecular orbital calculations are described. These methods were applied to determine how the carotenoid radical cations and dications can be formed, their electron-transfer properties and stability in various media, and the mechanism by which carotenoid radical cations can isomerize.
Kispert
Lowell D
LD
Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA. lkispert@bama.ua.edu
Konovalova
Tatyana
T
Gao
Yunlong
Y
D016644:Canthaxanthin / Q000737:chemistry; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005609:Free Radicals; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D013816:Thermodynamics
D005609:Free Radicals; D002338:Carotenoids; D016644:Canthaxanthin