Involving patients in decision making and communicating risk: a longitudinal evaluation of doctors' attitudes and confidence during a randomized trial.
BACKGROUND
Important barriers to the wider implementation of shared decision making (SDM) and risk communication in practice remain. The attitudes of professionals undergoing training in these approaches may inform how to overcome these barriers, but there are few such data yet available.


OBJECTIVE
To identify the attitudes of professionals during participation in a large practice-based intervention study with substantial individual exposure to SDM and risk communication, and to assess their confidence with these approaches and reported frequency of implementing them.


METHODS
Twenty general practitioners (GPs) who had been in practice between 1 and 10 years, and participated in an explanatory trial lasting 6 months. The trial interventions comprised training in SDM skills and the use of risk communication materials. The doctors consulted with up to 48 patients each (mean = 40, half of them audio-taped) for the study.


METHODS
Questionnaire assessments before and after each training stage.


RESULTS
The GPs indicated positive attitudes towards involving patients and towards the training interventions. They indicated that the risk information packs were applicable but had used them only occasionally with patients outside the trial. No statistically significant changes were associated with the specific interventions in terms of doctors' confidence in discussing risk information after the risk communication intervention, or attitudes to patient involvement after the SDM intervention. Most attitudes and confidence ratings showed positive changes during the course of the trial as a cohort effect. Such positive changes were associated with female doctors more than male doctors, but not with MRCGP (postgraduate vocational) qualification. Time constraints remained important throughout the study in not implementing the approach more frequently.


CONCLUSIONS
Professionals appear receptive to patient involvement, and willing to acquire the relevant skills. SDM and risk communication training did not appear to contribute differentially to this. Practical barriers such as time constraints should probably be addressed with greater priority than the precise content of training or continuing professional development initiatives if 'involvement' is to become a commoner experience for patients in primary care.
Edwards
Adrian
A
Department of Primary Care, Swansea Clinical School, University of Wales Swansea, UK. a.g.k.edwards@swan.ac.uk
Elwyn
Glyn
G
D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010358:Patient Participation; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000523:psychology*; D012306:Risk; D014852:Wales