Mother-Child touch patterns in infant feeding disorders: relation to maternal, child, and environmental factors.
OBJECTIVE
To examine mother and child's touch patterns in infant feeding disorders within a transactional framework.


METHODS
Infants (aged 9-34 months) referred to a community-based clinic were diagnosed with feeding disorders (n = 20) or other primary disorder (n = 27) and were case matched with nonreferred controls (n = 47). Mother-child play and feeding were observed and the home environment was assessed. Microcoding detected touch patterns, response to partner's touch, and proximity at play. Relational behaviors were coded during feeding.


RESULTS
Compared with infants with other primary disorder and case-matched controls, less maternal affectionate, proprioceptive, and unintentional touch was observed in those with feeding disorders. Children with feeding disorders displayed less affectionate touch, more negative touch, and more rejection of the mother's touch. More practical and rejecting maternal responses to the child's touch were observed, and children were positioned more often out of reach of the mothers' arms. Children with feeding disorders exhibited more withdrawal during feeding and the home environment was less optimal. Feeding efficacy was predicted by mother-child touch, reduced maternal depression and intrusiveness, easy infant temperament, and less child withdrawal, controlling for group membership.


CONCLUSIONS
Proximity and touch are especially disturbed in feeding disorders, suggesting fundamental relationship difficulties. Mothers provide less touch that supports growth, and children demonstrate signs of touch aversion. Touch patterns may serve as risk indicators of potential growth failure.
Feldman
Ruth
R
Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel. feldman@mail.biu.ac.il
Keren
Miri
M
Gross-Rozval
Orna
O
Tyano
Sam
S
D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005183:Failure to Thrive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D019959:Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D010550:Personal Space; D010988:Play and Playthings; D012307:Risk Factors; D012931:Social Environment; D014110:Touch