Co-existing disorders in ADHD -- implications for diagnosis and intervention.
BACKGROUND
It is only recently that "comorbidity" in ADHD has come to the forefront as one of the most important aspects of the disorder. It is agreed that, often, these problems are at least as important as ADHD in contributing to the longer term outcome in the individual child.


OBJECTIVE
To provide the reader with basic information about clinics and treatment of "comorbidity" in ADHD.


METHODS
Review of the empirically based literature.


RESULTS
ADHD exists in a surprisingly high frequency together with a broad range of child neuropsychiatric disorders. This is accompanied with many still unresolved treatment problems.


CONCLUSIONS
It would not be appropriate to develop ADHD-services where clinicians would only have expertise in ADHD as such. Anyone working with children, adolescents and adults with ADHD would need to have training in general neuropsychiatry. Further research in this field is urgently needed.
Göteborg University, Dept. of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Kungsgatan 12, 41119 Göteborg, Sweden. christopher.gillberg@pediat.gu.se
Christopher
C
Gillberg
I Carina
IC
Gillberg
Peder
P
Rasmussen
Björn
B
Kadesjö
Henrik
H
Söderström
Mania
M
Råstam
Mato
M
Johnson
Aribert
A
Rothenberger
Lena
L
Niklasson
D000367:Age Factors; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*