Neoadjuvant chemoradiation for locally advanced carcinoma of the rectum.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this paper is to confirm the efficacy to reduce incidence of relapses, to increase rates of conservative radical surgery and eventually survival of concomitant neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy.


METHODS
From January 1992 to October 1999, 140 stage II (50.7%) and III (49.3%) patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum were treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery. Treatment consisted of 25 fractions of 180 cGy (5 days per week), for a total dose of 45 Gy on the whole pelvis. Chemotherapy consisted of 5-FU (350 mg/m2) and leucovorin (10 mg/m2) in bolus for 5 days on days 1-5 and 29-33 of radiation. After an interval of 4-6 weeks, all patients were submitted to surgery.


RESULTS
The median follow-up was 48 months (median, 1-97). At 5 years the overall survival was 71.3% and relapse-free survival was 79.4%. The rate of local control was 90%. Twenty-two (15.7%) patients developed distant metastases. All patients underwent surgery: 26 (18.6%) local excision, 79 (56.4%) anterior resection, 33 (23.6%) abdomino-perineal resection, and 2 (1.4%) Hartmann resection. Consequently, 107 cases (75.4%) underwent conservative surgery. At the time of surgery, 34 patients had negative specimens (24.3%), 45 were in stage I (32.2%), 31 in stage II (22.1%), 32 in stage III (21.4%). The incidence of any grade 3 acute toxicity (WHO) was 5% diarrhea, 20% tenesmus and 11.4% myelosuppression.


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study confirm good tolerance, minor surgery-related complications and efficacy of this regimen on local and distant disease control, with a high percentage of sphincter-saving surgery.
Osti
Mattia F
MF
Institute of Radiology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Valeriani
Maurizio
M
Masoni
Luigi
L
Tombolini
Vincenzo
V
Enrici
Riccardo Maurizi
RM
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome