The financial burden of cancer: estimates from a study of insured women with breast cancer.
The financial impact of cancer can be large, even among persons with comprehensive health insurance policies. Prior studies have found that women with cancer are especially likely to suffer financial hardship. Although controversial, cancer insurance policies are designed to reduce the financial burden of cancer. In this study, we provide estimates of the costs incurred by a cohort of breast cancer patients who were covered by private, Medicare, or Medicaid health insurance. In all, 156 women were interviewed about cancer-related out-of-pocket costs and their knowledge and use of cancer insurance policies. Out-of-pocket expenditures and lost income costs averaged $1,455 per month and varied widely. The majority of out-of-pocket costs were for co-payments for hospitalizations and physician visits. The financial burden of breast cancer accounted for a mean of 98%, 41%, and 26% of monthly income among female breast cancer patients with annual household income levels of < or = $30,000, $30,001-$60,000, and > $60,000, respectively. Cancer insurance policies provided reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenditures for 3% of the women in our study. Our data indicate that even among women with comprehensive health insurance policies, the financial burden of breast cancer can be substantial. Affordable programs that provide reimbursement for medical and nonmedical costs incurred following a diagnosis of breast cancer should be developed, especially for lower income women.
Arozullah
Ahsan M
AM
VA Chicago Healthcare System, West Side and Lakeside Divisions, Division of General Internal Medicine of the Department of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Calhoun
Elizabeth A
EA
Wolf
Michael
M
Finley
Denise K
DK
Fitzner
Karen A
KA
Heckinger
Elizabeth A
EA
Gorby
Nicolle S
NS
Schumock
Glen T
GT
Bennett
Charles L
CL
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000191:economics*; D002641:Chicago / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000191:economics; D008484:Medicaid / Q000191:economics; D006278:Medicare / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016387:Women's Health