Treatment of intractable pruritus in drug induced cholestasis with albumin dialysis: a report of two cases.
Cholestatic liver injury can be caused by a variety of drugs and is difficult to treat. We report two patients, a 22 year old male and a 55 year old female, with drug induced cholestasis caused by anabolic-androgenic steroids (silabolin and nandrolone) and by fluoxetine, respectively. Both patients presented with massive jaundice and severe pruritus resulting in sleep deprivation and suicide ideation. Laboratory examination revealed signs of cholestasis. Medical treatment was ineffective; therefore, extracorporeal albumin dialysis using the molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) was started. Three treatments with a mean duration of 16 hours were performed in each patient. The procedure was well tolerated by the patients and resulted in a sustained relief of pruritus as well as in a decline of plasma bilirubin and serum 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid levels. The mean plasma bilirubin concentration decreased from 25.27 mg/dl to 10.7 mg/dl; the mean serum 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid concentration decreased from 299 micromol/L to 88 micromol/L. After 2 months, the pruritus had nearly vanished in both patients, and there was a further decline of bilirubin levels after discharge from hospital. In conclusion, extracorporeal albumin dialysis appears to be a therapeutic option in severe drug induced cholestasis refractory to medical treatment.
Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse, Innsbruck, Austria.
Romuald
R
Bellmann
Clemens
C
Feistritzer
Heinz
H
Zoller
Ivo W
IW
Graziadei
Hubert
H
Schwaighofer
Albert
A
Propst
Christian J
CJ
Wiedermann
Michael
M
Joannidis
D000328:Adult; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011537:Pruritus / Q000209:etiology*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012709:Serum Albumin; D016060:Sorption Detoxification; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D012709:Serum Albumin; D001663:Bilirubin