Levamisole in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome children with frequent relapses and/or steroid dependency: comparison of daily and every-other-day usage.
Steroid dependency (SD) and frequent relapses (FR) are common with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). We assessed the effectiveness of daily levamisole in 36 children with SSNS with FR and/or SD. Twenty patients (group 1) were given levamisole 2-3 mg/kg q.o.d. for 4-24 months. Sixteen (group 2) had relapses within 3 months: 5 received levamisole q.d. for 3-18 months, and 11 q.d. for 6 months and then q.o.d. for 4-18 months. Follow-up was 4-36 (mean 20.4 +/- 9.2) months. After therapy, relapses (4.82 +/- 3.15 vs. 2.01 +/- 2.5 in group 1; 5.97 +/- 3.38 vs. 1.34 +/- 2.1 in group 2; p < 0.05) and prednisolone doses (0.57 +/- 0.37 vs. 0.15 +/- 0.33 mg/kg/day in group 1; 0.61 +/- 0.42 vs. 0.19 +/- 0.35 mg/kg/day in group 2; p < 0.05) decreased. Relapse frequency, prednisolone dose, response percentage, and survival curves for remission did not differ between groups. Group 1 had five episodes of leukopenia, and group 2 had four. White blood cell counts normalized after levamisole was discontinued. Serum blood urea nitrogen/creatinine and alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels were normal. Levamisole is effective in maintaining remission in children with SSNS and FR and/or SD. Daily levamisole can be considered when responses to q.o.d. usage are unsatisfactory.
Fu
Lin-Shien
LS
Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan/ROC. linshienfu@yahoo.com.tw
Shien
Chao-Yan
CY
Chi
Ching-Shiang
CS
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007978:Levamisole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015993:Life Tables; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007978:Levamisole; D011239:Prednisolone