Bladder emptying over a period of 10-45 years after a traumatic spinal cord injury.
METHODS
Epidemiological follow-up study.


OBJECTIVE
To examine the bladder-emptying methods at least 10 years after a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).


METHODS
Clinic for Para- and Tetraplegia and Department of Urology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.


METHODS
Retrospective data collection from patient records and data collected with a follow-up questionnaire. The response rate was 84.6% corresponding to 236 SCI individuals, injured in 1956-1990. There were 82/18% male/female patients and 47/53% tetraplegic/paraplegic. Age at the time of follow-up was 50.5 years in mean (range 28-84). Years from time of injury were 24.1 years in mean (range 10-45).


RESULTS
The use of clean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) rose from 11% at the initial discharge to 36% at the time of follow-up. The use of suprapubic tapping fell from 57 to 31% in the same period, while the use of Crede manoeuvre rose from 5 to 19%. During follow-up, 46% changed bladder-emptying method. The results showed the following trends in change of method: a high proportion of discontinuation in normal bladder emptying, suprapubic tapping and abdominal pressure and a high proportion of continuation when using CIC. 28% found their bladder-emptying method to be a problem; of these 58% were tetraplegic. Of the participants using CIC, 92% reported using hydrophilic-coated catheters.


CONCLUSIONS
Changing of bladder-emptying method among SCI individuals over time is common. CIC alone or in combination with another bladder-emptying method is the most frequently used method of bladder emptying.


BACKGROUND
The study was carried out as part of the primary author's PhD-study, which was financed by Medicon Valley Academy and Coloplast A/S.
Hansen
R B
RB
Clinic for Para- and Tetraplegia, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
Biering-Sørensen
F
F
Kristensen
J K
JK
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*