Lack of correlation between HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in blood donors who test positive for HBsAg and anti-HBc: implications for future HBV screening policy.
BACKGROUND
Studies showing a significant correlation between hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) levels have focused on the HBV seroconversion window period.


METHODS
HBsAg levels relative to HBV DNA results in 200 HBsAg-positive, anti-hepatitis B core antigen (HBc)-reactive blood donations were analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (detection limit 400 copies/mL), two research PCR assays with increasing sensitivities (65 copies/mL and 1.3 copies/mL, respectively), and a quantitative HBsAg assay; HBsAg and HBV DNA levels were correlated with HBV serologic profiles; and the potential for replacing HBsAg screening with nucleic acid testing (NAT) was analyzed.


RESULTS
Serologic profiles for over 90 percent of the donor samples were consistent with chronic HBV infection. Correlation between HBsAg and HBV DNA concentrations was weak (correlation coefficient = 0.33). Thirty-six percent (72/200) of donor samples had DNA levels under 400 copies per mL. Retesting of the 72 samples by more sensitive PCR assays showed that 60 out of 200 (30%) were positive by PCR with sensitivity of 65 copies per mL, whereas 6 out of 200 (3%) required PCR sensitivity of 1.3 copies per mL for positivity. Three percent (6/200) were negative by all three NAT assays.


CONCLUSIONS
HBV DNA levels in HBsAg-positive, anti-HBc-reactive blood donations can be extremely low. About 6 percent of donations would be negative by current minipool HBV NAT methods. About 3 percent of donations would remain undetected by sensitive single-donor NAT. These results indicate caution in any consideration of dropping HBsAg screening.
Kuhns
Mary C
MC
Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA. Mary.Kuhns@abbott.com
Kleinman
Steven H
SH
McNamara
Anne L
AL
Rawal
Bhupat
B
Glynn
Simone
S
Busch
Michael P
MP
D000328:Adult; D001782:Blood Donors; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology
D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens