Surgical and hardware complications of subthalamic stimulation: a series of 160 procedures.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the surgical and hardware complications in a series of 81 consecutive patients undergoing subthalamic (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD).


METHODS
The authors prospectively documented surgical and hardware complications occurring at the time of surgery and at subsequent neurologic and surgical evaluations for an average of 17 months, ranging from 1 to 54 months.


RESULTS
No patient had a serious surgical complication resulting in death or permanent neurologic deficit. One patient had an intracranial hemorrhage but with no permanent deficit. In follow-up, 2.5% had infections requiring system removal, 3.7% had infections requiring implantable pulse generator (IPG) removal, 12.5% had misplaced leads, and 26.2% had hardware complications including lead migration, lead fracture, extension erosion, extension fracture, and IPG malfunction.


CONCLUSIONS
Serious complications leading to permanent neurologic deficit are rare after STN DBS for advanced PD. However, long-term follow-up demonstrated that hardware complications are relatively common, having occurred in approximately 26% of these patients.
Lyons
Kelly E
KE
Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3599 Rainbow Blvd., Mailstop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. lyons.kelly@att.net
Wilkinson
Steven B
SB
Overman
John
J
Pahwa
Rajesh
R
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D020878:Device Removal; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000209:etiology; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000503:physiopathology*