Treatment of neonatal pain without a gold standard: the case for caregiving interventions and sucrose administration.
Although many different neonatal pain assessment scales are used in clinical research, no gold-standard instrument exists. The multitude of pain assessment scales used has, in fact, threatened the validity of many studies and confused the construct of pain. This integrative review of the neonatal pain literature provides the recommendations from practice guidelines and the current evidence for modifying the pain response prior to and during common painful procedures.
Utah Valley Regional Medical Center, Provo 84604, USA. wende.prince@ihc.com
Wende L
WL
Prince
Kimberly M
KM
Horns
Teresa M
TM
Latta
Dale R
DR
Gerstmann
D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D017283:Neonatal Nursing / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014481:United States
D013395:Sucrose