Miscellaneous hydrocarbon solvents.
The solvents discussed in this article are common solvents not categorized as halogenated, aromatic, or botanical. The solvents discussed are categorized into two groups: hydrocarbon mixtures and single agents. The hydrocarbon mixtures discussed are Stoddard solvent, naphtha, and kerosene. The remaining solvents described are n-hexane, methyl n-butyl ketone, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and butyl mercaptans. Effects common to this group of agents and their unique effects are characterized. Treatment of exposures and toxic effects of these solvents is described, and physiochemical properties and occupational exposure levels are listed.
Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East 9th Avenue, Campus Box B-215 Denver, CO 80262, USA. vikhyat.bebarta@rmdpc.org
Vikhyat
V
Bebarta
Christopher
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DeWitt
D000473:Alkanes / Q000009:adverse effects; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D004126:Dimethylformamide / Q000009:adverse effects; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D006586:Hexanes / Q000009:adverse effects; D006588:Hexanones / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007648:Kerosene / Q000009:adverse effects; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects
D000473:Alkanes; D006586:Hexanes; D006588:Hexanones; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D007648:Kerosene; D012997:Solvents; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; C026385:n-hexane; C012559:Stoddard solvent; D004126:Dimethylformamide; C004544:naphtha; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide