Minimally invasive radioguided parathyroidectomy: an attractive therapeutic option for elderly patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.
OBJECTIVE
Surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) due to a solitary parathyroid adenoma (PA) is moving from traditional bilateral neck exploration (BNE) towards the use of limited neck exploration. The aim of the present study was to define the efficacy of minimally invasive radioguided surgery (MIRS) in PHPT patients with a high probability of a solitary PA with particular regard to benefits achievable in elderly patients.


METHODS
The study population included a total of 266 consecutive PHPT patients who had undergone surgery at our centre between September 1999 and February 2003. Preoperative imaging consisted of [Tc]pertechnetate/Tc sestamibi (TcO4/sestamibi) scintigraphy and neck ultrasound obtained in the same session. One hundred and eighty-seven patients from the whole series (75 of whom were older than 65 years) with a high scan/ultrasound probability of a solitary PA, a high PA sestamibi uptake, and a normal thyroid gland were selected for MIRS. The other 79 patients were selected for traditional BNE. The intra-operative technique was based on the injection of a low dose (37 MBq) of sestamibi in the operating theatre a few minutes before the beginning of intervention and on the use of an 11 mm collimated gamma probe.


RESULTS
MIRS was successfully performed in 97.8% of all PHPT patients selected for this type of surgery and, in particular, in 100% of the subgroup (n=75) of elderly patients. MIRS required a mean operating time of 35 min and a mean hospital stay of 1.2 days; that is, approximately half of that required for traditional BNE. Moreover, local anaesthesia was successfully performed in 27 patients, 19 of whom were >65 years with concomitant invalidating diseases contraindicating general anaesthesia. No major surgical complications were recorded. Transitory hypocalcaemia was observed in 9% of cases treated with MIRS compared with 27% of patients treated with BNE.


CONCLUSIONS
MIRS can be accurately planned in elderly PHPT patients with a solitary PA on the basis of a TcO4/sestamibi scan and neck ultrasound. MIRS has been proven to be safe and effective in our experience, and allows a significant reduction of operating and recovery time, as well as the possibility of using local anaesthesia, especially in elderly patients with concomitant invalidating diseases.
Rubello
Domenico
D
Nuclear Medicine Service, S. Maria della Misericordia Rovigo Hospital, Azienda ULSS 18 Rovigo, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Viale Tre Martiri 140, 45100 Rovigo, Italy. domenico.rubello@libero.it
Casara
Dario
D
Giannini
Sandro
S
Piotto
Andrea
A
Dalle Carbonare
Luca
L
Pagetta
Costantino
C
Boni
Giuseppe
G
Mariani
Giuliano
G
Muzzio
Pier Carlo
PC
Pelizzo
Maria Rosa
MR
D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi