NMP-22 for bladder cancer screening and surveillance.
In 2004, more than 56,000 Americans will be diagnosed with bladder cancer (American Cancer Society, 2004). Urethrocystoscopy is considered the gold standard for bladder cancer diagnosis, but it is not a screening test. Researchers have been challenged to develop a noninvasive urine test that reliably differentiates hematuria associated with bladder cancer from that associated with nonmalignant etiologies. Several well-established and some novel tests for bladder cancer screening diagnosis and surveillance, including urinalysis, voided cytology, and the Nuclear Matrix Protein 22 (NMP-22) assay, one of a growing number of assays developed as a specific, sensitive noninvasive test for bladder cancer, are reviewed. Until the sensitivity of the NMP-22 is improved, or another urine assay emerges that provides significantly greater sensitivity while maintaining adequate specificity, urethrocystoscopy will remain the reference test for detecting and diagnosing bladder cancer and its recurrence.
Department of Urology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Mikel
M
Gray
Terran W
TW
Sims
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine; D006417:Hematuria / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000652:urine; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014556:Urine / Q000166:cytology
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C100379:nuclear matrix protein 22