Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV: a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes?
Inhibitors of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) are of increasing interest to both diabetologists and the pharmaceutical industry alike, as they may become established as the next member of the oral antidiabetic class of therapeutic agents, designed to lower blood glucose and, possibly, prevent the progressive impairment of glucose metabolism in patients with impaired glucose tolerance and Type 2 diabetes. DPP IV has become a focus of attention for drug design, as it has a pivotal role in the rapid degradation of at least two of the hormones released during food ingestion, a property that has warranted the design of inhibitor-based drugs. At the molecular level, DPP IV cleaves two amino acids from the N-terminus of the intact, biologically active forms of both so-called incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (formerly known as gastric inhibitory polypeptide), resulting in truncated metabolites, which are largely inactive. Inhibition of the enzyme, therefore, is thought to increase levels of the active forms of both incretin hormones, culminating in an increase in insulin release after a meal, in a fully glucose-dependent manner. DPP IV inhibitors combine several features of interest to the drug design process. They can be readily optimised for their target and be designed as low molecular weight, orally active entities compatible with once-daily administration.
Deacon
Carolyn F
CF
Department of Medical Physiology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark. deacon@mfi.ku.dk
Ahrén
Bo
B
Holst
Jens J
JJ
D000818:Animals; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004152:Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004152:Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4