Strong-weak coupling self-duality in the two-dimensional quantum phase transition of p + ip superconducting arrays.
The 2D quantum phase transition that occurs in a square lattice of Josephson-coupled p +/- ip superconductors is an example of how four-body interactions in d = 2 reproduce nonperturbative effects caused by two-body interactions in d = 1. The ordered phase has an unconventional "bond order" of the local T-breaking variable. This problem can be analyzed using an exact self-duality; this duality in classical notation is the 3D generalization of the Kramers-Wannier duality of the 2D Ising model, and there are similar exact dualities in dimensions d > or = 3. We discuss the excitation spectrum and experimental signatures of the ordered and disordered phases, and the relationship between our model and previously studied behavior of 2D boson models with four-boson interactions.
Xu
Cenke
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Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Moore
J E
JE