title: Effect of diabetes and associated conditions on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of diabetes on short-term results of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery are known, but less is known about the long-term effects of diabetes and diabetic-related sequelae for patients undergoing this surgery. We studied the 10-year survival of nondiabetic and diabetic patients undergoing CABG surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A prospective regional cohort study was conducted of 36,641 consecutive isolated CABG patients in northern New England from 1992 through 2001. Patient records were linked to the National Death Index to assess mortality. There were 154,140 person-years of follow-up and 5779 deaths. Kaplan-Meier techniques were used. Survival was stratified into three categories: no diabetes, diabetes without peripheral vascular disease and renal failure, and diabetes with peripheral vascular disease and/or renal failure. The overall annual incidence rate of death was 3.7 deaths per 100 person-years. Annual incidence rates for nondiabetic subjects and diabetic subjects were similar: 3.1 deaths per 100 person-years and 4.4 deaths per 100 person-years, respectively. The annual incidence rate for diabetic subjects with renal failure, peripheral vascular disease, or both was 9.4 deaths per 100 person-years. The log-rank test showed that the survival curves were significantly different (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients that have diabetes without the sequelae of renal failure and/or peripheral vascular disease have long-term survival similar to but slightly less than patients without diabetes who undergo CABG surgery. Survival of CABG surgery patients with diabetes is greatly affected by associated comorbidities of peripheral vascular disease and renal failure. This knowledge may help guide the patient as well as the cardiologist and cardiac surgeon in making appropriate decisions in these critically ill patients.
authors.affiliation: Fletcher Allen Health Care, 111 Colchester Avenue, Fletcher 454, Burlington, VT 05401-1473, USA. bruce.leavitt@vtmednet.org
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: Lynne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Braxton
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Charlesworth
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Olmstead
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.forename: Gerald T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Cathy S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ross
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D009511:New England / Q000453:epidemiology; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate