title: Clinical review of 580 ranulas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this paper was to compare clinical features among 3 patterns of ranula and the recurrence rates of each when treated by different surgical methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of clinical and pathologic records in 580 ranulas was undertaken. Ranulas were classified into 3 clinical types according to sites of the primary swelling: oral ranula, plunging ranula, and mixed ranula. Information was collected on age at presentation, sex, history of onset, sites of swelling, surgical methods, histological findings, and outcome of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ranula was most prevalent in the second decade of life and slightly more common in females (male to female ratio of 1:1.2), but a distinct male predilection was noted for the plunging ranula (male to female ratio of 1:0.74). Oral ranula was most commonly involved in the left side (left to right ratio of 1:0.62), while the plunging and mixed ranula were commonly involved in the right side (left to right ratio of 1:1.38, 1:1.16 respectively). In the plunging ranula group, there were more patients who had the history more than 6 months. The recurrence rates of ranulas were not related to swelling patterns and surgical approaches, but intimately related to the methods of surgical procedures. The recurrent rates for marsupialization, excision of ranula, and excision of the sublingual gland or gland combined with lesion were 66.67%, 57.69%, and 1.20%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three patterns of ranula have similar clinical and histopathologic findings, although plunging ranula has some different clinical features. Removal of the sublingual gland via an intraoral approach is necessary in the management of various clinical patterns of the ranula. Recurrence rates of ranulas of any type are excessive unless the involved sublingual gland is removed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, People's Republic of China. yifang@public.wh.hb.cn
authors.forename: Yi-Fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: YuLin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jia
authors.forename: Xin-Ming
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Fen
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009060:Mouth Floor / Q000601:surgery; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011900:Ranula / Q000145:classification* / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013361:Sublingual Gland / Q000601:surgery