title: Degradation of N,N'-dibutylurea (DBU) in soils treated with only DBU and DBU-fortified benlate fungicides.
abstract: N,N'-dibutylurea (DBU) is a breakdown product of benomyl [methyl 1-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate], the active ingredient in Benlate fungicides, and has been proposed to cause crop damage after the use of Benlate 50 DF fungicide (DuPont, Wilmington, DE). Our research focused on DBU persistence after application into soil. We assessed DBU persistence on direct application of DBU (carbonyl-(14)C) at two concentrations (0.08 and 0.8 microg DBU kg(-1)) to seven soils and two potting mixes in soil microcosms incubated at various combinations of soil water potential (-0.03 or -0.1 MPa) and temperature (23, 33, 44 degrees C). For two soils at a subset of treatment variables we assessed DBU persistence in the presence of Benlate DF and SP fungicide formulations. Parent compounds, metabolites, and (14)CO(2) were tracked using chromatographic analysis with radioassay and UV detection, liquid scintillation counting, and post-extraction oxidation of the soil. DBU degradation was primarily microbial and for most soil-treatment combinations, half-lives were less than 2 wk. DBU degradation was retarded at the lower soil water potential and enhanced at 33 degrees C. In the presence of the formulation, DBU degradation was slower for one soil type. The longest half-life observed in any case was less than 7 wk; therefore, long-term persistence of DBU applied to soils through a Benlate application is very unlikely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1150, USA. lslee@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sassman
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: Ronald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Turco
mesh_terms: D002845:Chromatography; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006207:Half-Life; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014508:Urea; C483182:N,N'-dibutylurea