title: Intestinal absorption and hepatic extraction of propranolol and metoprolol in rats with bilateral ureteral ligation.
abstract: To investigate the mechanism responsible for the increased bioavailability of propranolol in bilateral ureter-ligated (BUL) rats, the intestinal absorption and hepatic extraction of propranolol and metoprolol were evaluated. The initial absorption rate of these drugs after intra-intestinal administration was only slightly increased in the BUL rats, whereas the blood drug concentration in these rats was higher than that in control rats. The blood propranolol and metoprolol concentrations during intra-portal infusion in the BUL rat were significantly higher than that in the control rat. In the presence of NADPH, the intrinsic metabolic activity of metoprolol in hepatic microsomes was not altered by BUL. On the other hand, the NADPH generation rate in the hepatic cytosol in the BUL group was lower than that in the control group. These results indicate that the absorption rate-dependent decrease in hepatic first-pass clearance of propranolol and metoprolol due to saturation kinetics is marginal, and that the hepatic metabolic activity and extraction of the drugs is significantly decreased in BUL rats probably due to the reduced NADPH generation rate in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University; 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Yukiya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000818:Animals; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005941:Glucokinase / Q000378:metabolism; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D014513:Ureter
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D011433:Propranolol; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D005941:Glucokinase; D008790:Metoprolol