title: Ethnic differences in pain coping: factor structure of the coping strategies questionnaire and coping strategies questionnaire-revised.
abstract: Coping has been examined extensively in the pain literature, although coping instruments have been typically validated in clinical populations with little ethnic diversity. This study examined the factor structure of the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) and the CSQ-Revised (CSQ-R) in 650 healthy male and female African American (44%) and white (56%) subjects and explored associations of coping to health and pain-related measures. Factor analyses revealed 6 components for each ethnic group, accounting for comparable amounts of variance and resembling previously reported CSQ subscales. Internal consistency for both ethnic groups was acceptable (0.72-0.91). There were significant main effects for ethnicity on 4 of the CSQ-R scales (P < .05). No ethnic differences in pain or health variables emerged, although when split into high-pain versus minimal-pain groups, differences were revealed on catastrophizing. Results indicate that the factor structure of the CSQ-R in healthy adults is similar to clinical populations and is comparable across African American and white subjects. Group differences on CSQ-R scales suggest potentially important ethnic influences on pain coping. These findings support the use of the CSQ-R to assess coping in African Americans and in healthy young adults. Additional clinical research is needed to determine the practical importance of group differences in pain coping.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coping has been examined extensively in the pain literature, although coping instruments typically have been validated in clinical populations with little ethnic diversity. This study examines the factor structure of the CSQ-Revised in an ethnically diverse population and supports the use of the CSQ-R to assess coping in African Americans and in healthy young adults.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida College of Dentistry, Division of Public Health Services and Research, Gainesville 32608, USA. bhastie@dental.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hastie
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Roger B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Fillingim
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*