title: Local recurrence of rectal cancer after total mesorectal excision without preoperative radiotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  At this moment, it is still debatable whether all patients with mobile rectal cancer who undergo surgical removal of the tumor should be treated with preoperative radiotherapy, since it is likely that only certain patients will benefit from this strategy. In this study, patients with mobile rectal cancer were immediately operated upon and only those with positive nodes or with incomplete resection received adjuvant radiotherapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the local recurrence rate after the use of a selective policy of adjuvant radiotherapy and to determine risk factors for local recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 5-yr-period, 178 patients with rectal cancer were referred to our institute. A total of 131 patients with mobile rectal cancer were treated with curative intent, which implied a microscopically radical resection and no signs of distant metastasis at operation. A retrospective analysis was undertaken to investigate the incidence of local recurrence in this curative group and to determine risk factors for local recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The postoperative mortality in the curative group was 5.3%. Local recurrences were observed in 6 patients (4.6%) after a median period of 25 mo (range 11-37); two of them also had distant metastases detected at the same time. The highest local recurrence rates were seen in men (5.3%), in distal rectal cancers (6.9%), and in the node-positive group (8.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low local recurrence rate can be achieved after total mesorectal excision (TME) without preoperative radiotherapy. Our results suggest using preoperative radiotherapy only for those patients who are at a higher risk for local recurrence. Staging techniques for selection of these patients are at this moments till inappropriate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christiaan P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: van Lingen
authors.forename: Clark J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Zeebregts
authors.forename: Jos J G M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gerritsen
authors.forename: H Jan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Walter J B
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Mastboom
authors.forename: Joost M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Klaase
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome