Analysis of ATP-binding cassette transporter expression in drug-selected cell lines by a microarray dedicated to multidrug resistance.
Discovery of the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter able to transport many anticancer drugs, was a clinically relevant breakthrough in multidrug resistance research. Although the overexpression of ABC transporters such as P-glycoprotein/ABCB1, MRP1/ABCC1, and MXR/ABCG2 seems to be a major cause of failure in the treatment of cancer, acquired resistance to multiple anticancer drugs may also be multifactorial, involving alteration of detoxification processes, apoptosis, DNA repair, drug uptake, and overexpression of other ABC transporters. As a tool for the study of such phenomena, we designed and created a microarray platform, the ABC-ToxChip, to evaluate relative levels of transcriptional activation among genes involved in the various mechanisms of resistance. In the ABC-ToxChip, a comprehensive set of genes important in toxicological responses (represented by 2200 cDNA probes) is complemented with probes specifically matching ABC transporters as well as oligonucleotides representing 18,000 unique human genes. By comparing the transcriptional profiles of KB-3-1 and DU-145 parental cells with resistant derivatives selected in colchicine (KB-8-5), and 9-nitro-camptothecin (RCO.1), respectively, we demonstrate that ABC transporters (ABCB1/MDR1 and ABCC2/MRP2, respectively) show dramatic overexpression, whereas the glutathione S-transferase gene GST-Pi shows the strongest decrease in expression among the 20,000 genes studied. The results were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The custom-designed ABC-Tox microarray presented here will be helpful to elucidate mechanisms leading to anticancer drug resistance.
Annereau
Jean-Philippe
JP
Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4256, USA.
Szakács
Gergely
G
Tucker
Charles J
CJ
Arciello
Angela
A
Cardarelli
Carol
C
Collins
Jennifer
J
Grissom
Sherry
S
Zeeberg
Barry R
BR
Reinhold
William
W
Weinstein
John N
JN
Pommier
Yves
Y
Paules
Richard S
RS
Gottesman
Michael M
MM
D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D015342:DNA Probes; D004260:DNA Repair; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
C000715087:ABCC2 protein, human; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D015342:DNA Probes; D000089762:Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2