title: Comparative effects of microplasmin and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) on cerebral hemorrhage in a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombolytic therapy of ischemic stroke with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) improves clinical outcome which may, however, be partially offset by significant intracerebral bleeding (ICB).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The comparative effects of microplasmin (microPli) and tPA on ICB were evaluated in a thrombotic middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dose of microPli (5 mg kg(-1)) or tPA (4 mg kg(-1)) which are comparably effective for reduction of brain damage, or a double dose (10 or 8 mg kg(-1), respectively) or the microPli excipient as a control were intravenously administered as a bolus at 30 min or 4 h after MCA occlusion. ICB was measured at 24 h by hemoglobin assay of exsanguinated brain extracts. Bleeding time was measured by tail cutting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In controls given solvent at 4 h, ICB was on average 8.8 micro L, which was significantly increased with 10 mg kg(-1) microPli and with 4 and 8 mg kg(-1) tPA to 12-13 micro L (P < 0.05 each vs. controls, n = 7-9), whereas 5 mg kg(-1) microPli did not affect bleeding (8.5 micro L P = NS vs. controls, n = 7). When given at 30 min, neither microPli nor tPA altered ICB (6.3-6.8 micro L, mean; n = 7-9). tPA but not microPli increased bleeding time; from 2.4 min in controls to 5.9 min (median, P < 0.05 vs. controls) and 8.7 min (P < 0.01 vs. controls) with 4 and 8 mg kg(-1), respectively, and to 2.3 and 2.9 min with 5 and 10 mg kg(-1) microPli, respectively (n = 10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  microPli at a dose comparably effective as tPA for brain damage reduction induced significantly less ICB, and less bleeding time prolongation in mice with thrombotic MCA occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Collen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001760:Bleeding Time; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D000979:alpha-2-Antiplasmin; C054561:microplasmin; D005340:Fibrinogen; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D005341:Fibrinolysin