title: Significant thrombocytopenia associated with the addition of rituximab to a combination of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of relapsed follicular lymphoma.
abstract: Fludarabine in combination with cyclophosphamide is an effective treatment for newly diagnosed as well as relapsed follicular lymphoma. The anti-CD20 antibody rituximab has been employed successfully for the same indications. No such data were available on a combined use of these agents. Therefore, we conducted a phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a combination of rituximab (375 mg/m2), fludarabine (4 x 25 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (1 x 750 mg/m2), for the treatment of relapsed follicular lymphoma. An unexpected, severe hematologic toxicity with significant, prolonged thrombocytopenias WHO grade III/IV in 6 (35%) of 17 patients treated in total occurred, leading to early termination of the trial. Cytologic and serologic analyses point toward a direct toxic effect. Older patients (mean age 64.7 vs. 56.5 yr) were significantly (P = 0.02) more likely to suffer from this toxicity, whereas no other clinical or hematologic parameter differed statistically between the patients suffering from thrombocytopenia and those who did not. The addition of rituximab to fludarabine/cyclophosphamide employed at doses given above in relapsed follicular lymphoma may have led to this increase in thrombocytopenias. Therefore, caution should be exercised when combining these drugs for the treatment of patients with relapsed follicular lymphoma, especially when treating older patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology-Oncology & Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg Medical Center, Germany. eugen.leo@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scheuer
authors.forename: Ingo G H
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Wolf
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerowgan
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Albrecht
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baumbach
authors.forename: Alwin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mey
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benner
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parwaresch
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008224:Lymphoma, Follicular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D000069283:Rituximab; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000069283:Rituximab; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D014740:Vidarabine; C024352:fludarabine