Stalkers and other obsessional types: a review and forensic psychological typology of those who stalk.
Stalking, an age-old phenomenon, was discussed in the ancient writings of Hippocrates, researched extensively in the early 20th century by French psychiatrist G.G. de Clerambault, given notoriety with the tragic death of former Beatle John Lennon, and viewed as 'Fatal Attraction' in local theaters across the world. Stalking is unique as the repetitive, harassing, long-term course of conduct and behaviour reflects the internal dynamics of the stalker's motivating mental disorder. Furthermore, the investigation of stalking is difficult. The numerous and progressive acts, comprising the intentional course of conduct, require a continuity of purpose: harassment designed to control the victim. A multi-disciplinary approach, utilizing law enforcement, legal, medical and mental health professionals, is necessary to effectively eradicate this encroaching behaviour. In 1990, the first Anti-Stalking legislation was passed in California, USA. In just 6 years, all 50 states have followed suit. Public awareness has encouraged federal legislation to stop stalking behaviour as a course of conduct crime and to give victims a measure of protection. This research paper overviews periodicals, law review articles, studies and projects of law enforcement, legal counsel, medical professionals, forensic mental health professionals, forensic examiners and criminologists since 1992. The study of stalkers and stalking behaviour is a work in progress. As questions are answered, statutes are amended and diagnoses are distinguished, it becomes a stepping stone to the future understanding of the pervasive stalking phenomenon facing our culture and society today.
Davis
J A
JA
Center for Applied Forensic Behavioral Sciences and Forensic Behavioral Investigative Group San Diego, California, USA.
Chipman
M A
MA