title: [Pathogenesis and treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in Japanese patients].
abstract: Prevalence of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) defined as a patient who have persistent GERD symptoms during treatment with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is rare in Japanese patinets. Pathogenesis of refractory GERD is associated with several factors including dysfunction of esophageal motility, presence of severe hiatal hernia, complication such as stricture and short esophagus, extensive metabolizer of CYP2C19 genotype, nocturnal gastric acid breakthrough, absence of H. pylori infection, or bile reflux. Examination by 24 hr pH monitoring is necessary to assess refractory GERD and if acid suppression is insufficient, treatment with double doses of PPIs or combination of PPI and H2 blocker is effective. However, most cases of refractory GERD are required surgical treatment. Endoscopic therapy might be useful for refractory GERD in future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Kazuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamori
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Masatsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shiba
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Nobuhide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oshitani
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000150:complications; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000150:complications; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000150:complications; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000235:genetics; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C045793:CYP2C19 protein, human; D065731:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19