title: Polyphosphoinositides suppress the adhesion of Haemophilus influenzae to pharyngeal cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the primary causes of otitis media (OM), an inflammation of the middle ear, is the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae (HI). OM often occurs to young children, and is mostly treated with antibiotics. Due to concerns over bacterial resistance toward antibiotics, reliable prophylactic treatments such as administrating anti-adhesion agents are now viewed as viable alternatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study tested the feasibilty of using phosphoinositides as anti-adhesion agents against HI cells. Cells of non-typeable HI were radiolabeled with 111- indium-oxine, pre-incubated with various individual phosphoinositides for 15 minutes at 37 degrees C, and incubated with a monolayer of human pharynx carcinoma (DT 562) cells for 20 minutes at 37 degrees C. The result showed that at 0.1 mg/mL dipalmitoylphosphatidylinositol-3,4-diphosphate (PI-3,4-PP) had the highest anti-adhesion activity, followed by phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI-3-P) and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI-4-P). The anti-adhesion activity of PI-3,4-PP was dose-dependent ranging from 0.006 to 0.1 mg/mL. In addition, results from an in vivo study demonstrated that pre-incubation of HI cells with PI-3,4-PP at 1 mg/mL suppressed the growth of HI in nasopharynx of neonatal rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that PI-3-P and PI-4-P and more so PI-3,4-PP may serve as prophylactic agents against HI adhesion and colonization.
authors.affiliation: Ross Products Division, Abbott Laboratories, 625 Cleveland Ave, Columbus, OH 43216, USA. jim-wen.liu@abbott.com
authors.forename: Jim-Wen R
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Steve N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Meulbroek
authors.forename: Shie-Ming
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Pradip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mukerji
authors.forename: Yung-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Huang