title: Nasal colonization with Staphylococcus aureus is not associated with the severity of symptoms or the extent of the disease in chronic rhinosinusitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is an increasing knowledge that the severity of perennial allergic rhinitis is associated with nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of bacterial colonization with S. aureus in the nose of subjects with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and to correlate these findings with the severity of symptoms and the extent of the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open, prospective controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  190 subjects with CRS and 42 subjects with septal deviation without sinusitis (control subjects) were included in this study. Swabs were taken endoscopically from the middle meatus and bacteria were cultured and identified. Airway symptoms were assessed by subjects in standardized questionnaires and frequencies of respiratory tract infections were noted. The rhinosinusitis extent was graded by CT scan assessment. Analysis of variance, chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation test were applied for statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The S. aureus carriage rate was 25.5% in CRS and 31.4% in control subjects. Further facultative pathogens were cultured in 20.6% of subjects with CRS and in 8.5% of controls. 73.8% of S. aureus were ampicillin-resistant, multiresistant strains were cultured in 5.8%. Most airway symptoms and the frequencies of respiratory tract infections were significantly higher in the CRS group compared with control subjects. In post hoc comparison between the subgroups with and without S. aureus colonization, no significant differences were found between the extent of rhinosinusitis and the severity of airway symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Facultative pathogens were detected in more than 40% of CRS patients without acute respiratory tract infections. In contrast to the findings in atopic dermatitis and perennial allergic rhinitis, the colonization rate with S. aureus is not increased and S. aureus carriage is not a risk factor for the severity or the extent of rhinosinusitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Koeln, Germany. michael.damm@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Damm
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quante
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jurk
authors.forename: Jan Alex
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000382:microbiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification