title: Normobaric hyperoxia--induced improvement in cerebral metabolism and reduction in intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury: a prospective historical cohort-matched study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of normobaric hyperoxia (fraction of inspired O2 [FIO2] concentration 100%) in the treatment of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of normobaric hyperoxia on five cerebral metabolic indices, which have putative prognostic significance following TBI in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  At two independent neurointensive care units, the authors performed a prospective study of 52 patients with severe TBI who were treated for 24 hours with 100% FIO2, starting within 6 hours of admission. Data for these patients were compared with data for a cohort of 112 patients who were treated in the past; patients in the historical control group matched the patients in our study according to their Glasgow Coma Scale scores after resuscitation and their intracranial pressure within the first 8 hours after admission. Patients were monitored with the aid of intracerebral microdialysis and tissue O2 probes. Normobaric hyperoxia treatment resulted in a significant improvement in biochemical markers in the brain compared with the baseline measures for patients treated in our study (patients acting as their own controls) and also compared with findings from the historical control group. In the dialysate the glucose levels increased (369.02 +/- 20.1 micromol/L in the control group and 466.9 +/- 20.39 micromol/L in the 100% O2 group, p = 0.001), whereas the glutamate and lactate levels significantly decreased (p < 0.005). There were also reductions in the lactate/glucose and lactate/pyruvate ratios. Intracranial pressure in the treatment group was reduced significantly both during and after hyperoxia treatment compared with the control groups (15.03 +/- 0.8 mm Hg in the control group and 12.13 +/- 0.75 mm Hg in the 100% O2 group, p < 0.005) with no changes in cerebral perfusion pressure. Outcomes of the patients in the treatment group improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study support the hypothesis that normobaric hyperoxia in patients with severe TBI improves the indices of brain oxidative metabolism. Based on these data further mechanistic studies and a prospective randomized controlled trial are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Harold F. Young Neurosurgical Center, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
authors.forename: Christos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tolias
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinert
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seiler
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gilman
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scharf
authors.forename: M Ross
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bullock
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003422:Critical Care; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D017551:Microdialysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid