title: The evaluation of renal osteodystrophy with cortical quantitative ultrasound at various bone sites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we evaluated bone abnormalities of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) by cortical quantitative bone ultrasound (QUS) measurements at different bone sites because these abnormalities may be of variable etiology and may start before symptoms or radiological changes are manifested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of fifteen patients with chronic renal failure, seven had moderate-severe disease and eight had been on chronic hemodialysis from 5 to 17 years, with renal osteodystrophy (ROD) confirmed by bone biopsies. Twelve normal subjects of similar age and gender volunteered for the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients and controls differed in creatinine clearance, in serum phosphate levels and in serum total alkaline phosphatase. Mean intact-PTH levels differed significantly amongst the three groups of subjects. All patients with ROD had intact-PTH higher than 200 pg/mL. The cortical ultrasound parameter, speed of sound (SOS), was slower in patients with more severe renal failure at all bone sites measured. The group with ROD had significantly lower cortical ultrasound values than the other patients and the control group at all sites. SOS values at the proximal phalanx, distal radius and midtibial sites were positively and significantly correlated. Cortical ultrasound measurements at the radial site correlated with midtibial and phalangeal sites but the correlation between midtibial and phalangeal sites did not reach significance. IPTH levels correlated negatively and significantly with cortical QUS values at all sites being the correlations higher at phalangeal and radial sites than at the midtibial region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differences in cortical ultrasound observed indicate the potential clinical application of this methodology to evaluate bone abnormalities in chronic renal failure, especially in patients on chronic hemodialysis.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. jacdcost@fmrp.usp.br
authors.forename: José Abrão Cardeal
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: José Augusto Sisson
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: de Castro
authors.forename: Milton César
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Foss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D012080:Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010710:Phosphates; D003404:Creatinine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase