title: [Necrotizing fasciitis in the lower extremity secondary to diabetic wounds].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate patients who developed necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in the lower extremity secondary to diabetic wounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included sixteen patients (11 men, 5 women; mean age 63 years; range 50 to 82 years) who were treated for NF arising from diabetic wounds. Associated diseases were coronary heart disease in three patients, and chronic renal failure due to diabetic nephropathy in three patients. The patients were evaluated by physical examination, direct radiographs, blood pressure measurements, and cultures, and with respect to treatment methods and results. The mean hospitalization period was 26 days (range 5 to 59 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Necrotizing fasciitis was confined to the leg in four patients, extended to the thigh in 10 patients, and was bilateral in two patients. Pain was encountered in 10 patients (68.8%). Fourteen patients (87.5%) had increased creatine kinase levels. Direct radiographs showed gas appearance in soft tissues in seven patients (43.8%). Cultures showed a single microorganism in four patients (25%), and multiple microorganisms in five patients (31.3%). Of seventeen microorganisms isolated, 10 (58.8%) were Enterobacter species. Eleven patients (68.8%) underwent above-the-knee, and three patients (18.8%) underwent below-the-knee amputations. Disarticulation of the hip was performed in four patients. The mean number of debridements was five (range 2 to 21) following the initial surgical intervention. Nine patients developed septic shock. Seven patients (43.8%) died due to multiple organ failure. Increased creatine kinase levels were significantly associated with mortality (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early and accurate diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment may be life-saving in diabetic patients with NF of the lower extremity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medicine Faculty of Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey. burakdemirag@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Burak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Demirağ
authors.forename: Ali Onur
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Tirelioğlu
authors.forename: Bartu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarisözen
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003646:Debridement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D019115:Fasciitis, Necrotizing / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology