title: Dietary soy and increased risk of bladder cancer: a prospective cohort study of men in Shanghai, China.
abstract: To verify our previous finding of a positive association between dietary soy and bladder cancer risk, we examined the association in a second, geographically distinct prospective cohort of Chinese subjects, the Shanghai Cohort Study. Briefly, 18,244 men aged 45-64 years were recruited between January 1986 and September 1989. As of December 31, 2002, 61 incident bladder cancer cases were identified. Information on soy consumption was obtained through in-person interviews at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazard regression methods were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), with adjustment for age (years) at baseline interview, level of education and other potential confounders. Compared to men consuming soy less than once a week, the RR (95% CI) for those who consumed soy 1-<3 times per week, 3-<7 times a week and daily were 2.05 (0.80-5.29), 2.45 (0.89-6.76) and 4.61 (1.57-13.51), respectively (p for trend = 0.004), after adjustment for age, cigarette smoking and level of education. The soy-bladder cancer risk associations in smokers and non-smokers were comparable. The soy-bladder cancer relationship became stronger when the analysis was restricted to subjects with 2 or more years of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033-9176, USA. canlun@usc.edu
authors.forename: Can-Lan
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jian-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Xue-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Tang
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Ronald K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Mimi C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D045730:Soy Foods; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*