title: Overcoming the steep learning curve of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: single-surgeon experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of intensive laparoscopic skills training and self-critical video review on the learning curve for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  The initial 40 patients who underwent a transperitoneal LRP (groups 1-4) and the subsequent 20 who underwent LRP by the extraperitoneal approach (group 5) were studied. Eight weeks prior to initiating the LRP program, intensive laparoscopic skills training at a minimally invasive surgery center was undertaken for an average of 4 hours per week. This self-training was continued for 12 weeks into the program, with self-critical review of videotapes of each procedure. The groups were compared with respect to total operative time (ORT), anastomosis time, and blood loss.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in the ORT and anastomosis times between each of the first two groups and the last two groups (P <0.001). The learning curve for ORT was overcome after approximately 35 cases, as there were no significant differences in ORT between group 3 and the subsequent groups. The anastomosis took longer to master, as significant time decreases were observed up to group 4, after which, the mean reached a plateau (group 4 v 5 P = NS). The differences in blood loss were not significant. Overall, there were 7 intraoperative (12.7%) and 8 postoperative (14.5%) complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of similar facilities and training tools can help overcome the steep learning curve of LRP. Longer follow-up is needed to assess these means of attaining better functional results after LRP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA. rghavai@motefiore.org
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghavamian
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schenk
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hoenig
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williot
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Melman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000193:education* / Q000379:methods*