title: C-reactive Protein.
abstract: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a phylogenetically highly conserved plasma protein, with homologs in vertebrates and many invertebrates, that participates in the systemic response to inflammation. Its plasma concentration increases during inflammatory states, a characteristic that has long been employed for clinical purposes. CRP is a pattern recognition molecule, binding to specific molecular configurations that are typically exposed during cell death or found on the surfaces of pathogens. Its rapid increase in synthesis within hours after tissue injury or infection suggests that it contributes to host defense and that it is part of the innate immune response. Recently, an association between minor CRP elevation and future major cardiovascular events has been recognized, leading to the recommendation by the Centers for Disease Control and the American Heart Association that patients at intermediate risk of coronary heart disease might benefit from measurement of CRP. This review will largely focus on our current understanding of the structure of CRP, its ligands, the effector molecules with which it interacts, and its apparent functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Irving
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kushner
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samols
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000473:pathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D015922:Complement C1q / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D015922:Complement C1q; D002097:C-Reactive Protein