title: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage due to coagulation disorders.
abstract: Although intracranial hemorrhage accounts for approximately 10 to 15% of all cases of stroke, it is associated with a high mortality rate. Bleeding disorders account for a small but significant risk factor associated with intracranial hemorrhage. In conditions such as hemophilia and acute leukemia associated with thrombocytopenia, massive intracranial hemorrhage is often the cause of death. The authors present a comprehensive review of both the physiology of hemostasis and the pathophysiology underlying spontaneous ICH due to coagulation disorders. These disorders are divided into acquired conditions, including iatrogenic and neoplastic coagulopathies, and congenital problems, including hemophilia and rarer diseases. The authors also discuss clinical features, diagnosis, and management of intracranial hemorrhage resulting from these bleeding disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California 94143-0112, USA. Quinones@neurosurg.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Quinones-Hinojosa
authors.forename: Mittul
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.forename: Vineeta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lawton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019090:Case Management; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020147:Coagulation Protein Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D003399:Craniotomy; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005544:Forecasting; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000097:blood; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000097:blood; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors