title: B-Raf contributes to sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation associated with interleukin-2 production stimulated through the T cell receptor.
abstract: A T cell receptor (TCR) recognizes and responds to an antigenic peptide in the context of major histocompatibility complex-encoded molecules. This provokes T cells to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2) through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. We investigated the roles of B-Raf in TCR-mediated IL-2 production coupled with ERK activation in the Jurkat human T cell line. We found that TCR cross-linking could induce up-regulation of both B-Raf and Raf-1 activities, but Raf-1 activity was decreased rapidly. On the other hand, TCR-stimulated kinase activity of B-Raf was sustained. Expression of a dominant-negative mutant of B-Raf abrogated sustained but not transient TCR-mediated MEK/ERK activation. The inhibition of sustained ERK activation by either expression of a dominant-negative B-Raf or treatment with a MEK inhibitor resulted in a decrease of the TCR-stimulated nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity and IL-2 production. Collectively, our data provide the first direct evidence that B-Raf is a positive regulator of TCR-mediated sustained ERK activation, which is required for NFAT activation and the full production of IL-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Yasuharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007376:Interleukin-2; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases