title: Multiple sclerosis and the visual system.
abstract: Visual symptoms frequently complicate the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). The ophthalmologist must be familiar with the neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of MS to facilitate the initial evaluation and treatment of patients. Magnetic Resonance Imaging has become an important tool to confirm the diagnosis of MS or to assess the risk of MS in patients with clinically isolated demyelinating syndromes. This article reviews the neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of MS and the management issues that arise in early MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Dina A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Galetta
mesh_terms: D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology*