title: Isolation of Salmonella spp from the environment of dairies without any history of clinical salmonellosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Salmonella spp could be isolated from the environment of free stall dairies in Wisconsin without any history of clinical salmonellosis and determine the serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility of any Salmonella isolates recovered from the environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 free stall dairies with no history of clinical salmonellosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dairy owners completed a questionnaire regarding management and production practices. Multiple swab samples were obtained from throughout the free stall facilities and submitted for bacterial culture for Salmonella spp. Odds ratios were calculated to compare herd-level risk factors between dairies from which Salmonella organisms were isolated and herds from which Salmonella organisms were not isolated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salmonella organisms were isolated from 9 of the 20 (45%) dairies. Salmonella serotype Meleagridis was isolated from 4 dairies, S. Meleagridis and S. Kentucky were isolated from 2 dairies, S. Meleagridis and S. Cyprus were isolated from 1 dairy, S. Cerro was isolated from 1 dairy, and S. Corvallis was isolated from 1 dairy. All isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. None of the potential risk factors analyzed demonstrated a significant association with an increased likelihood of isolating Salmonella spp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Environmental Salmonella contamination was demonstrated on free stall dairies with no history of clinical salmonellosis.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin. Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Simon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Peek
authors.forename: Faye A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Chet B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Kenneth V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Nordlund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012703:Serotyping / Q000662:veterinary; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014922:Wisconsin
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents