title: Effects of the long-acting calcium channel blockers, amlodipine, manidipine and cilnidipine on steroid hormones and insulin resistance in hypertensive obese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate that calcium channel blockers can improve insulin resistance clinically, we investigated the effects of the calcium channel blockers, amlodipine, manidipine and cilnidipine on serum levels of steroid hormones and insulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty hypertensive obese patients [15 men and 15 women; mean age 55.9 years, mean body mass index (BMI) 27.6] were divided into three groups and treated with either 5 mg of amlodipine, 20 mg of manidipine or 10 mg of cilnidipine. Blood pressure (BP), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, fasting serum immunoreactive insulin (F-IRI), insulin resistance index [as assessed by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-R)], serum DHEA, serum DHEA-S, plasma ACTH, serum cortisol, plasma renin activity (PRA), and serum aldosterone, were measured before and after 1, 2, 3 and 6 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all three groups, BP decreased significantly after 1 month and F-IRI and HOMA-R decreased significantly after 2-3 months. A concurrent rise in serum DHEA and DHEA-S levels was also observed, however, the differences were not significant. No changes in FPG, HbA1c, ACTH, cortisol, PRA or aldosterone levels were observed during treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that amlodipine, manidipine and cilnidipine all improve insulin resistance and consequently increase serum levels of DHEA and DHEA-S.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo.
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueshiba
authors.forename: Yukitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyachi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000378:metabolism*; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010879:Piperazines; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D010879:Piperazines; D017311:Amlodipine; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; C054218:manidipine; C065927:cilnidipine