title: CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells in patients with Kawasaki disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the CD25 + CD4 + regulatory T-cell population, which plays important roles not only in maintaining immunologic self-tolerance but also in controlling the magnitude and character of antimicrobial immune responses, is related to the pathophysiology of Kawasaki disease (KD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient group consisted of 54 patients (median age, 30 months; 27 female and 27 male patients) fulfilling the criteria for KD. Age-matched control subjects included 17 patients with active infections and 24 healthy children. We analyzed CD25 + CD4 + cells and the mRNA expression of Foxp3, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR), and transforming growth factor beta in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD4 + T cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportions of CD25 + CD4 + cells in patients with acute-phase KD (median, 2.35% of total lymphocytes) were significantly lower than those in healthy control subjects (median, 3.14%) and control subjects with disease (median, 3.15%). The proportions returned to the normal level after intravenous gammaglobulin treatment (median, 3.86%). The mRNA expression of Foxp3, CTLA4, and GITR showed similar tendencies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decrease of CD25 + CD4 + regulatory T cells in the acute phase might have a role in the development of KD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. furuken@pediatr.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuno
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuge
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusuhara
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishio
authors.forename: Vahid
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Khajoee
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009080:Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2