title: Dual blockade of the renin angiotensin system in diabetic and nondiabetic kidney disease.
abstract: Dual blockade of the renin angiotensin system is based on a principle of obtaining the broadest and most efficient blockade of the effects of angiotensin II, by using the combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and an angiotensin II-receptor blocker (ARB). By combining two, different pharmacologic principles and inhibiting both the ACE and the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, it seems possible to block both the production and the action of angiotensin II, which would serve as efficient antihypertensive therapy. Exploring the beneficial effects of dual-blockade therapy is a work in rapid progress, in both diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy. But evidence is also emerging in cardiovascular medicine, an overview of which is provided in this article.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Aarhus Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. holmark@iekf.au.dk
authors.forename: Niels H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Carl E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mogensen
mesh_terms: D057912:Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018450:Disease Progression; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D057912:Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents