title: Intravitreal triamcinolone improves vision in eyes with chronic diabetic macular oedema refractory to laser photocoagulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and visual outcome of an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone in patients with diabetic macular oedema refractory to laser treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, interventional nonrandomised case series of 24 eyes of 24 patients that underwent intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone for chronic diabetic macular oedema refractory to previous laser treatment. All patients had best corrected visual acuity (bcva) on the LogMAR scale, near vision, slit-lamp biomicroscopy for the presence of clinically significant macular oedema, and intraocular pressure check at 1, 3, and 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average duration of macular oedema before the injection was 38.2 months (range=6-120 months) with the mean number of laser treatments before the injection being 2.2 (range=1-5). The visual acuity improved in 19 of the 23 (83%) eyes at 1 month, 16 of the 21 eyes (76%) at 3 months and six of 11 eyes (55%) at 6 months follow-up. The mean bcva improved by an average of 10, nine, and six letters, respectively, compared to the baseline at 1, 3, and 6 months (P=0.0002 at 1 month and 0.001 at 3 months with the Wilcoxon signed-ranked test). The intraocular pressure rose by an average of 2.4, 2.8, and 2.7 mmHg at the same follow-up visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal triamcinolone appears to be promising in the short term, for improving the vision in eyes with chronic diabetic macular oedema unresponsive to conventional laser treatment. Randomised controlled trials utilising varying doses of steroid are now required to define optimum treatment regimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Centre, University Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Negi
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Vernon
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Owen-Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017211:Treatment Failure; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects*; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide