title: Fluoride analysis of foods for infants and estimation of daily fluoride intake.
abstract: The mean daily fluoride intake in infants was estimated on the basis of their intake of commercial foods for infants in Japan and evaluated in order to establish the effectiveness and safety criteria for water fluoridation, which is practiced as a preventive measure for dental caries suitable in life stages from children to the elderly. Based upon the intakes of foods for infants, the mean daily fluoride intake was estimated to be 0.166 mg in infants aged 3-4 months, 0.202 mg in those aged 5-6 months, and 0.266 mg in those aged 7-8 months. The mean daily fluoride intake per kg of body weight at these ages was in the range of 0.023-0.029 mg/kg, which was about half of the standard daily fluoride intake for infants and children advocated by Ophaug et al., as 0.05-0.07 mg/kg. From our results, the daily fluoride intake of infants from foods in Japan is estimated to be equivalent to or lower than the values of previous reports in non-fluoridated areas. Consequently, our data support the argument that water fluoridation and the appropriate use of fluoride for dental caries prevention in Japan are needed on the basis of scientific criteria in terms of fluoride exposure related to food intake during tooth formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomori
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takaesu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D005457:Fluoridation; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000032:analysis*; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000737:chemistry; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005459:Fluorides