title: Inhibition of COX isoforms by nutraceuticals.
abstract: Humans have two isoforms of Prostaglandin H Synthase or cyclooxygenase: COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is cytoprotective. COX-2 inhibitors reduce inflammation without the risk of ulceration and kidney damage. The ideal nutraceutical would inhibit COX-2 synthesis while preserving COX-1 synthesis. The hypothesis for this research was that COX inhibitors would fall primarily into three categories: COX-2 specific inhibition, non-specific inhibition (COX-1 and COX-2), and minimal inhibition. The human Cayman COX inhibitor screening assay was used to determine the inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of COX-1/ COX-2 activity of each nutraceutical. The assay was run, in duplicate, with three concentrations of a suspected inhibitor, a standard curve of eight concentrations, a non-specific binding sample, and a maximum binding sample. The inhibition and concentration of each sample was then put on a multiple regression best-fit line and the IC50 determined. For comparison, ibuprofen, rofecoxib, naproxen, and indomethacin were used. Positive results were seen for ipriflavone, resveratrol, MSV-60, amentoflavone, ruscus extract and notoginseng. Glucosamine, nexrutine, and berberine did not inhibit either isoform.
authors.affiliation: University of Montana, 441 S. 6th E., Missoula, MT 59812, USA.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seaver
authors.forename: Jerry Robert
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000077185:Resveratrol; D031443:Ruscus; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D044946:Biflavonoids; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007529:Isoflavones; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D013267:Stilbenes; C018986:ipriflavone; C011164:amentoflavone; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000077185:Resveratrol