title: Evaluating the economic consequences of early antidepressant treatment discontinuation: a comparison between controlled-release and immediate-release paroxetine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early antidepressant discontinuation has been linked to significant clinical and economic consequences. Clinical practice guidelines suggest that treatment should last for at least 3 to 9 months into the continuation phase; however, 30% of patients discontinue therapy within 30 days, and over 40% discontinue therapy within 90 days of initiation, primarily due to adverse events. Clinical trials have shown that controlled-release (CR) paroxetine has a favorable tolerability profile when compared to immediate-release (IR) paroxetine, which may result in lower discontinuation rates and improved economic outcomes. This is the first study to directly compare treatment discontinuation rates and health care expenditures of a CR selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with its IR counterpart.
  
  
  METHODS
  This matched retrospective study used claims from a national managed care database to assess differences in discontinuation rates and health care expenditures between paroxetine CR and IR for treating depression and/or anxiety. Discontinuation was assessed by survival analysis, and health care expenditure was assessed using average monthly medical and pharmacy charges.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1275 paroxetine CR patients and 2550 paroxetine IR patients matched in the analysis. At 90 days, 62% of paroxetine CR patients continued therapy versus 56% of paroxetine IR patients. At 180 days, 51% of paroxetine CR patients continued therapy versus 42% of paroxetine IR patients. When evaluating all medical charges, paroxetine CR patients incurred US 119 dollars less per month than paroxetine IR patients (P = 0.054).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients receiving paroxetine CR remained on therapy longer than patients on paroxetine IR, which resulted in lower total monthly medical costs for patients receiving paroxetine CR. Differences in costs were primarily driven by reduction in hospitalization expenditures.
authors.affiliation: University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: David V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eaddy
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarnes
authors.forename: Tejal
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vishalpura
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Regan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017046:Cost Savings / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000191:economics; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D016527:Drug Costs / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000191:economics*; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors