title: Sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward and traffic violations.
abstract: The aim of our study consists of contributing information on the relationship between the personality variables derived from Gray's model and the conduct that accompanies the infringement of the road traffic rules. Seven hundred and ninety-two adults of both sexes took part in the study (389 men and 403 women), all of whom had driving licences and drove frequently. The subjects answered "The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire", a scale of monotony avoidance, and two Likert scales of attitude and behaviour in connection with traffic violations. We found a high positive relationship between attitude and behaviour, with the men infringing the rules more than the women. Hypotheses regarding a relationship between traffic offences and sensibility to reward and monotony avoidance were confirmed. Those people with high scores in sensitivity to punishment and low ones in sensitivity to reward were those who drove within the law, while those with low sensitivity to punishment and high sensitivity to reward were those who broke it more. Sensitivity to reward was a stronger determinant in encouraging infringement of the rules than was sensitivity to punishment in discouraging the subjects to do so.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Josep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castellà
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001290:Attitude; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035846:Law Enforcement; D008297:Male; D010551:Personality; D011678:Punishment / Q000523:psychology*; D012201:Reward; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012737:Sex Factors; D013030:Spain