title: Intermittent hypoxia protects the rat heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating protein kinase C.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how protein kinase C (PKC) was involved in the protection afforded by intermittent hypoxia (IH) and the subcellular distribution of different PKC isozymes in rat left ventricle. Post-ischemic recovery of left ventricular developed pressure and +/-dP/dtmax in IH hearts were higher than those of normoxic hearts. Chelerythrine (CHE, 5 microM), a PKC antagonist, significantly inhibited the protective effects of IH, but had no influence on normoxic hearts. CHE significantly reduced the effect of IH on the time to maximal contracture (Tmc), but had no significant effect on the amplitude of maximal contracture (Amc) in IH group. In isolated normoxic cardiomyocytes, [Ca(2+)](i), measured as arbitrary units of fluorescence ratio (340 nm/380 nm) of fura-2, gradually increased during 20 min simulated ischemia and kept at high level during 30 min reperfusion. However, [Ca(2+)](i) kept at normal level during simulated ischemia and reperfusion in isolated IH cardiomyocytes. In normoxic myocytes, [Na(+)](i), indicated as actual concentration undergone calibration, gradually increased during 20 min simulated ischemia and quickly declined to almost the same level as that of pre-ischemia during 30 min simulated reperfusion. However, in IH myocytes, [Na(+)](i) increased to a level lower than the corresponding of normoxic myocytes during simulated ischemia and gradually reduced to the similar level as that of normoxic myocytes after simulated reperfusion. 5 microM CHE greatly increased the levels of [Ca(2+)](i) and [Na(+)](i) during ischemia and reperfusion in normoxic and IH myocytes. In addition, we demonstrated that IH up-regulated the baseline protein expression of particulate fraction of PKC-alpha, epsilon, delta isozymes. There is no significant difference of protein expression of PKC-alpha, epsilon, delta isozymes in cytosolic fraction between IH and normoxic group. The above results suggested that PKC contributed to the cardioprotection afforded by IH against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; the basal up-regulation of the particulate fraction of PKC-alpha, epsilon, delta isozymes in IH rat hearts and the contribution of PKC to the elimination of calcium and sodium overload might underlie the mechanisms of cardioprotection by IH.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hypoxic Cardiovascular Physiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320# YueYang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hai-Lei
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Hai-Feng
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jian-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Wei-Zhong
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhao-Nian
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids; D000818:Animals; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D000860:Hypoxia; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D010617:Phenanthridines; D012964:Sodium; C016299:chelerythrine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D002118:Calcium