title: AKT involvement in cisplatin chemoresistance of human uterine cancer cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of Akt activity and specific isoforms (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3) in the resistance of human uterine cancer cells to cisplatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two different endometrial (HEC-1-A and KLE) and one cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines all known as wild-type PTEN (tumor suppressor phosphatase tensin homologue, a lipid phosphatase involved in the negative regulation of Akt activity) were used for these studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basal levels of Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3 mRNAs were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR studies and Western blot analyses were carried out to determine protein abundance of each isoforms. Akt1 mRNA and protein were present in all cell lines studied. Akt2 and Akt3 mRNAs and proteins were strongly expressed in KLE cells. Surprisingly, Akt phosphorylation was found in KLE expressing high levels of wild-type PTEN protein. KLE cells remained resistant to PI 3-K inhibitor, indicating that Akt phosphorylation might be, in part, independent of PI 3-K in this cell line. Cisplatin induced apoptosis in HeLa and HEC-1-A cells, but KLE cells expressing Akt2 and Akt3 remained more resistant to cisplatin. Knockout of Akt isoforms using specific siRNA technology increased the sensitivity of KLE cells toward cisplatin and caused a significant induction of cell death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results suggest that specific Akt isoforms such as Akt2 and Akt3 might be involved in chemoresistance to cisplatin and that these isoforms could be putative targets for gene therapy in uterine cancers.
authors.affiliation: Research Group in Cellular and Molecular Biopathology, Medical Biology Section, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivieres, Quebec, Canada G9A 5H7.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gagnon
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mathieu
authors.forename: Emilie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sexton
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leblanc
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asselin
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002945:Cisplatin; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494921:AKT2 protein, human