title: The effect of timing of surgery for velopharyngeal dysfunction on speech.
abstract: The timing of surgery for velopharyngeal dysfunction has been based on assumptions about the relation between age, speech development, and velopharyngeal dysfunction. Cleft palate teams often counsel parents to have an intervention for velopharyngeal dysfunction performed earlier rather than later, believing that earlier interventions result in more rapid or better normalization of speech. The objective of this retrospective chart review study is to determine whether the age at surgical intervention for velopharyngeal dysfunction has an effect on the subsequent length of speech therapy. Of 174 patients included in the study database, 36 had velopharyngeal dysfunction for which further velopharyngeal management was required. Of the 36 patients who received surgical velopharyngeal dysfunction management, 27 had verifiable speech therapy records. These 27 patients represent the study population. The outcome measure was the total length of subsequent speech therapy until speech normalization. The data suggest that there is no relation between the age at velopharyngeal dysfunction surgical management and the amount of speech therapy needed to achieve normalization of the speech impairments secondary to velopharyngeal dysfunction after that management. In conclusion, 1) the age at surgical velopharyngeal dysfunction management (pharyngeal flap or sphincter pharyngoplasty) does not have an effect on subsequent normalization of speech as measured by the duration of speech therapy necessary to achieve normalization of the speech impairments secondary to velopharyngeal dysfunction after that management, and 2) the age at surgical velopharyngeal dysfunction management does not affect the likelihood of subsequent surgical velopharyngeal dysfunction management procedures.
authors.affiliation: Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Deformities Institute, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63141, USA. kidsplasticsurgery@earthlink.net
authors.forename: Devra B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Lynn M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Grames
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pilgram
authors.forename: Alex A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000601:surgery; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013070:Speech Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*