title: Premenstrual syndrome and associated symptoms in adolescent girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the frequency of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) associated symptoms and effects of nutrition on PMS in adolescent girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and seventy-one adolescent girls who had menstrual cycles were included in this study. They were given a questionnaire on criteria for PMS, dysmenorrhea and regularity of menstrual cycle. Modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria were used for the diagnosis of PMS. We also investigated which nutritional supplements affect the PMS-associated symptoms and signs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and five adolescent girls out of 171 (61.4%) met DSM-IV criteria for PMS. There was an association between dysmenorrhea and PMS in 60 (57.1%). Half of the girls, i.e. 52 (49.5%) had mild, 39 (37.1%) had moderate and 14 (13.4%) had severe PMS. The most common symptom of PMS was negative affect particularly in the form of stress (87.6%) and nervousness (87.6%). There was a statistically significant negative relationship between milk consumption and the following: abdominal bloating, cramps, craving for some foods and increased appetite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMS and dysmenorrhea are frequently overlapping. We also found that PMS is associated with dietary habits.
authors.affiliation: Section of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Ihsan Dogramaci Childrens Hospital, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Derman
authors.forename: Nuray Oksüz
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Kanbur
authors.forename: Tülay Erdoğan
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Tokur
authors.forename: Tezer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kutluk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003611:Dairy Products; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011293:Premenstrual Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology