title: Determination of the effectiveness of components of the herbal medicine Toki-Shakuyaku-San and fractions of Angelica acutiloba in improving the scopolamine-induced impairment of rat's spatial cognition in eight-armed radial maze test.
abstract: The improving effects of various components of Toki-Shakuyaku-San (TSS) and fractions isolated from Angelica acutiloba Radix (Toki) on scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment were investigated in eight-armed radial maze. The scopolamine-induced memory impairment was characterized by prominent increase of error choices in addition to decreased correct choices. Toki, Cnidium officinale Rhizoma (Senkyu), Poria cocos Hoelen (Bukuryo), Alisma orientale Rhizoma (Takusha), and Atractylodes lancea Rhizoma (Sojutsu) increased the correct choices, while only the Toki, Sojutsu, and Takusha decreased the error choices. No effect was produced by Paeonia lactiflora Radix (Shakuyaku). Investigation of effects of fractions isolated from Toki revealed that its activity mainly resided in the butanol layer and its contents of N-methyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxamide and amines. Moreover, the alkaloid, internal and external solutions (containing poly-, di-, and monosaccharides) obtained by dialysis with Visking cellophane tubing also improved the memory. However, no improving properties were detected for methanol and hexanol layers, L-(-)-tryptophan, L-arginine, L-(-)-lysine, and choline chloride. The results showed that the TSS components could improve the reference and working memory impaired by scopolamine. The improving effect of TSS is produced greatly by the Toki component, the activity of which was greatly produced by the fraction extracted by butanol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
authors.forename: Izzettin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hatip-Al-Khatib
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Egashira
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Kiyo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurauchi
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D029969:Angelica; D000818:Animals; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts; C413220:toki-shakuyaku-san; D012601:Scopolamine