title: Dexmedetomidine infusion for more than 24 hours in critically ill patients: sedative and cardiovascular effects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the potential of dexmedetomidine for targeted sedation in complex Intensive Care (ICU) patients for >24 h.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, open label, clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary general ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty critically ill patients, mean APACHE II 23(+/-9).
  
  
  METHODS
  A continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine, median infusion time 71.5 (35-168) h, starting at 0.4 microg.kg.h without a loading dose and adjusted (0.2-0.7 microg.kg.h) to a target Ramsay Sedation Score (RSS) of 2-4. Rescue midazolam and/or morphine/fentanyl were given as clinically indicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haemodynamic parameters and RSSs were collected until 24 h after cessation. An RSS 2-5 was achieved in 1,147 (83%) of observations with a reduction in RSS of 6 from 13% in the first 6 h to 3% between 18 h and 24 h. Sixteen patients needed minimal or no additional midazolam, median 4 mg/day (0.5-10) and ten required minimal or no additional analgesia, median 2 mg/day (0.5-4.5), 55 microg/day (14-63) of morphine/fentanyl.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 16% reduction in mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and 21% reduction in heart rate (HR) occurred over the first 4 h followed by minimal (+/- 10%) changes throughout the infusion. A rise in SBP was observed in two patients. After abrupt cessation, SBP and HR monitored for 24 h rose by 7% and 11%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dexmedetomidine was an effective sedative and analgesic sparing drug in critically ill patients when used without a loading dose for longer than 24 h with predictable falls in blood pressure and HR. There was no evidence of cardiovascular rebound 24 h after abrupt cessation of infusion.
authors.affiliation: Prince of Wales Hospital, Barker Street, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia. yshehabi@ozemail.com.au
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shehabi
authors.forename: Urban
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ruettimann
authors.forename: Harriet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Innes
authors.forename: Mathieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ickeringill
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D020927:Dexmedetomidine