title: Portosystemic shunt prevents apoptosis in rat intestinal mucosa caused by total hepatic ischemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prolonged splanchnic congestion due to total hepatic ischemia (THI) has been shown to induce damage to the intestinal mucosa. The present study was conducted to examine whether the protective effect of portosystemic shunt (PSS) can be seen on apoptosis of intestinal mucosa in a rat model of THI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult male Wistar rats were divided into the following 3 groups: control group; the THI group underwent THI for 30 min, and the PSS group was subjected to THI for 30 min with PSS. Rats were killed after 1, 2, and 6 h of reperfusion. For each time point, levels of serum liver enzymes, intestinal morphology, malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and DNA fragmentation in intestinal tissue were determined. In addition, the 7-day survival rate was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 7-day survival rate of THI group remained at 50%, whereas that of PSS group was significantly higher at 90% (p < 0.01). Serum AST and ALT levels of the THI and PSS groups rapidly increased after reperfusion, reaching peak values at 2 h. MDA levels after 1 and 2 h of reperfusion in the THI group were significantly increased as compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Increases in the percentage of fragmented DNA peaked 1 h after reperfusion in the THI group. PSS resulted in the reduction of DNA fragmentation and preserved the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the intestinal mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Splanchnic congestion due to portal occlusion increased apoptosis in the rat intestinal mucosa. PSS is very effective in counteracting the principal negative effects of total hepatic ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University of Gazi, School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey. bedirlia@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bedirli
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sakrak
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soyuer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muhtaroglu
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D011170:Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D008315:Malondialdehyde; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase