Effectiveness of breastfeeding peer counseling in a low-income, predominantly Latina population: a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Breastfeeding peer counseling has improved breastfeeding rates in developing countries; however, its impact in this country has not been adequately evaluated.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of an existing, breastfeeding peer counseling program within the United States.


METHODS
Randomized, prospective, controlled trial in which participants were recruited prenatally and randomly assigned to receive either routine breastfeeding education or routine breastfeeding education plus peer counseling.


METHODS
An urban hospital serving a large population of low-income Latinas.


METHODS
Pregnant women (< or =26 weeks' gestation) were recruited from the hospital's prenatal clinic. Inclusion criteria specified that participants be low income, be considering breastfeeding, have delivered a healthy, full-term singleton, and have access to a telephone. Intervention Breastfeeding peer counseling services included 1 prenatal home visit, daily perinatal visits, 3 postpartum home visits, and telephone contact as needed.


METHODS
Breastfeeding rates at birth and 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum.


RESULTS
The proportion not initiating breastfeeding was significantly lower in the intervention group than among controls (8/90 [9%] vs 17/75 [23%]; relative risk, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.86). The probability of stopping breastfeeding also tended to be lower in the intervention group at both 1 month (36% vs 49%; relative risk, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.50-1.05) and 3 months (56% vs 71%; relative risk, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.61-1.00).


CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate that, in the United States, peer counselors can significantly improve breastfeeding initiation rates and have an impact on breastfeeding rates at 1 and 3 months post partum.
Chapman
Donna J
DJ
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-4017, USA. djc@discovernet.net
Damio
Grace
G
Young
Sara
S
Pérez-Escamilla
Rafael
R
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000208:ethnology*; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006266:Health Education; D006293:Health Promotion; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008429:Maternal Welfare; D010379:Peer Group; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014481:United States / Q000208:ethnology