title: Reported risk factors are useless in detecting HCV-positive subjects in the general population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic hepatitis C virus infection is mostly asymptomatic, so it will not be identified if specific diagnostic tests are not performed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the positive predictive value of some risk factors in detecting anti-hepatitis C virus-positive subjects in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-thousand five hundred and sixty-one subjects randomly selected from the list of the census in three population-based surveys performed in hepatitis C virus endemic areas in Southern Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of blood transfusion, past use of glass syringes and surgical intervention in detecting hepatitis C virus positivity were assessed. Data were collected using a precoded questionnaire administered by an interviewer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All risk factors showed a poor positive predictive value (ranging from 21.0% for surgical intervention to 29.0% for blood transfusion). The positive predictive value was extremely low (ranging from 2.9 to 4.3%) in subjects younger than 46 years of age, who mostly could benefit from antiviral treatment. The combination of the simultaneous presence of more than one risk factor does not improve the detection of hepatitis C virus infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reported risk factors are useless in detecting hepatitis C virus-positive subjects in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Epidemiology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Vale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy. iantosca@iss.it
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stroffolini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mariano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iantosca
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002648:Child; D005898:Glass; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013594:Syringes