title: Ghrelin protects myocardium from isoproterenol-induced injury in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the cardiac protective effects of ghrelin in rat with myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol (ISO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subcutaneously injected ISO 40 mg/kg/d with or without ghrelin 1 or 10 nmol/kg/d for 2 d. Hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial blood pressure and left ventricular pressure were measured at 12 h after the last injection with ISO and/or ghrelin. Plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, plasma and myocardial contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), and conjugated diene were measured. Plasma ghrelin and endothelin-1 levels were assayed using radioimmunoassay methods. Endothelin-1 and ghrelin mRNA were determined using RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 45 % (5/11) of rats after treatment with ISO alone died during experimental periods. However, no rats died after administration with ghrelin 10 nmol/kg/d (0/11, P<0.05). Ghrelin also obviously ameliorated the hemodynamic disturbance in rats induced by ISO. The plasma LDH activity, contents of myocardial and plasma MDA, and conjugated diene level in plasma in ISO+G10 nmol/kg/d group were decreased by 28 %, 34 %, 73 %, and 38 % compared with those of ISO group (all P<0.01) respectively. ISO-induced endothelin-1 mRNA over-expression was inhibited and endothelin-1 level in plasma were inhibited by ghrelin 1 and 10 nmol/kg/d. The ghrelin levels in plasma and ghrelin mRNA in myocardium were increased in the rats after injection of ISO. The plasma ghrelin level was further increased after ghrelin administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ghrelin has a protective effect against ISO-induced myocardial injury.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Research, the First Hospital Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Gui-Zhong
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Chun-Shui
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Yong-Fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Chao-Shu
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D054439:Ghrelin; D007545:Isoproterenol; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D019332:Endothelin-1; D054439:Ghrelin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D007545:Isoproterenol