title: [History and development of spinology].
abstract: Spinal disease is the injury caused by congenital malformation, degeneration, inflammation and trauma. These injuries lead to structural lesion of spinal itself, intervertebral discs, spinal cord, nerve root and the attachment, and can cause spinal and associated diseases. Spinal diseases include some frequently encountered diseases, as well as some stubborn and serious diseases. These diseases may cause pain of head and neck, shoulder and arm, waist and leg when they are mild, and partial or thorough paralysis when they are serious. In this article, the history, development, foundations and research progress of non-surgical operation of spinal diseases and the developing tendency of modern spinology are introduced.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Spinal Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yong-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*