title: Implications of herbal alternative medicine for electroconvulsive therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the implications of herbal alternative medicine use during electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A substantial proportion of patients with mental disorders report frequent use of herbal alternative medicines. Our current understanding of the biology of such remedies suggests that they may have implications for ECT practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted electronic literature searches using Medline (via PubMed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ACP Journal Club, PsychINFO, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their inception to April 2003. The search items were five selected herbal alternative medicines (Ginkgo biloba, ginseng, St. John's wort, valerian, kava-kava) in combination with the terms "drug interaction," "adverse effects," "side effects," "adverse drug reactions," "safety," and "toxicity." All data were included regardless of whether they were case reports, case series, clinical trials, or reviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our literature review revealed several potential effects of herbal alternative medicines upon ECT outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The growing use of herbal alternative medicine by patients with psychiatric illness may have implications for ECT practice. Our current knowledge is sparse and incomplete, however, indicating the need for more research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Kunal K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Patra
authors.forename: C Edward
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Coffey
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts