title: Successful treatment with the monoclonal antibody rituximab in two children with refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia.
abstract: Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against normal and malignant mature B-lymphocytes and results in prolonged and severe B-cell depletion. Recently, rituximab has been successfully used in adult and paediatric disorders of B-lymphocytes such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and Werlhof disease. We report on two children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to steroids and immunoglobulins who achieved complete normalisation of their platelet counts after treatment with rituximab, 375 mg/m2 given weekly in four doses. In both cases the B-lymphocyte count dropped to zero after the second dose of rituximab and an unsupported platelet count > 100 x 10(9)/l was achieved during treatment. Six and 12 months after treatment, both patients remain well with normal platelet counts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report supports the concept that rituximab may also be a valuable therapeutic option in children with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura refractory to standard treatment. Controlled clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy and long-term side-effects of rituximab in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pusiol
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cesaro
authors.forename: Agostino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nocerino
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Picco
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zanesco
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bisogno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000276:immunology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D016553:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D000069283:Rituximab
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000069283:Rituximab