title: Residual tumor resection after high-dose chemotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of residual tumor resection performed after high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) in patients with relapsed or refractory germ cell tumors (GCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 1987 and October 1999, postchemotherapy resections of residual tumors were performed in 57 patients who had been treated with HDCT for relapsed or refractory GCT and who had achieved a partial remission to this treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete resections of residual masses were achieved in 52 (91%) of 57 patients who were rendered disease free; in five (9%) of 57 patients, the resections were incomplete. Resection of a single site was performed in 39 (68%) of 57 patients, and the remaining 18 (32%) of 57 patients required interventions at two or more residual tumor sites. Necrosis was found in 22 (38%) of 57 patients, mature teratoma with or without necrosis was found in nine (16%) of 57 patients, and viable cancer with or without additional necrosis or mature teratoma was found in 26 (46%) of 57 patients. Viable cancer consisted either of residual germ cell or undifferentiated cancer in 22 (85%) of 26 patients, with additional non-GCT histologies in the remaining four patients. Patients with viable cancer had a significantly inferior outcome after surgery compared with patients with necrosis and/or mature teratoma even if all cancer was completely resected. Pulmonary lesions with a diameter of more than 2 cm were the only predictive variable for viable cancer in univariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resections of all residual tumors should be attempted in patients with relapsed or refractory GCT and partial remissions after HDCT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité, Germany.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rick
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bokemeyer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weinknecht
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schirren
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pottek
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rachud
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weissbach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Siegert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beyer
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D009336:Necrosis; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000601:surgery*; D009373:Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide