title: Performance of a digital PCO2/SPO2 ear sensor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For determining the adequacy of ventilation, conventional pulse oximetry should be amended by PaCO2 (= arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure). This study investigates the precision of carbon dioxide measurements of the first digital ear-clip sensor providing continuous non-invasive monitoring of PaCO2, SpO2 (= functional arterial oxygen saturation as estimated with a pulse oximeter) and pulse rate and compares it to two conventional analog oximeters.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 hypoxemia episodes in 6 adult volunteers were investigated in a standardized protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Masimo analog finger sensor, Nellcor analog ear sensor, SenTec digital ear sensor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference between PCO2 data (= PaCO2 estimated from the measured PcCO2 based on an algorithm by Severinghaus) (PcCO2 = cutaneous carbon dioxide pressure) and the PaCO2 is clinically unimportant. Therefore, we suggest, the two methods of estimating patient's carbon dioxide status can be used interchangeably.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combined digital SpO2/ PcCO2 ear sensors are very promising to allow for a fast and reliable monitoring of patient's oxygenation, hyper-/hypocapnia and ventilation with one single non-invasive probe. Optimal primary signal processing--amplification and digitalisation within the probe--allow for fast and reliable downstream signal processing algorithms. The resulting short SpO2 response times give the medical staff more time to take appropriate actions.
authors.affiliation: SenTec Inc., Ringstrasse 39, CH-4106 Therwil, Switzerland. kocher@sentec.ch
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kocher
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rohling
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tschupp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood*; D004423:Ear; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D012119:Respiration; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen