title: Inaccuracy of routine creatinine measurement in canine urine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urine creatinine concentration often is used in ratios such as urine protein:creatinine to compensate for dilution or concentration of spot urine samples.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of different techniques of urine creatinine measurement currently available for veterinary practitioners.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 104 samples of canine urine diluted 1:20 with distilled water, creatinine concentration was measured using a kinetic Jaffé reaction assay, and an enzymatic technique on an automatic analyzer (Elimat) and 3 benchtop analyzers (Reflovet, Scil; Vitros DT2, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics; Vettest 8008, IDEXX) used in veterinary practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Jaffé and enzymatic techniques on the Elimat were not significantly different, and their inaccuracy tested with human control urines was <5%. The benchtop analyzers underestimated creatinine concentration, especially at concentrations >2000 mg/L. Inaccuracy was higher with multilayer slide technology systems (Vitros and Vettest) than with the Reflovet system. Results were approximately 25% and 2% lower, respectively, than with the Elimat at urine creatinine concentrations about 2000 mg/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inaccuracy in urine creatinine measurements using benchtop analyzers should be taken into account when defining decision thresholds, which should be corrected according to the method used to avoid misinterpretations.
authors.affiliation: Département de Médecine Interne des Animaux de Compagnie et de Sport, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Toulouse Cedex, France. c.trumel@envt.fr
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trumel
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diquélou
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Braun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001322:Autoanalysis / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine*; D004285:Dogs / Q000652:urine*; D007753:Laboratories / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014512:Ureohydrolases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D014512:Ureohydrolases; C019944:creatinase