title: The comparative analysis of serum proteomes for the discovery of biomarkers for acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) develops as the consequence of a series of genetic changes in a hematopoietic precursor cell. However, the definitive diagnostic protein biomarkers for AML are still unclear. In our study to identify the biomarkers for an initial diagnosis, detection of relapse, and monitoring the minimal residual disease in AML by a less invasive method, serum proteins reflecting alterations in their proteomes were analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns of human sera of 12 patients with AML with those of 12 normal subjects. The differentially expressed spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and electrospray ionization quadupole time-of-flight mass spectrometries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight proteins that expressed differentially in the AML group were found. The expression levels of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, complement-associated protein SP-40, 40, RBP4 gene product, lipoprotein C-III, and an unknown protein were downregulated in serum of AML patients, whereas the other three proteins, including immunoglobulin heavy-chain variant, proteosome 26S ATPase subunit 1, and haptoglobin-1 were upregulated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that these proteins can be used as less invasive diagnostic and monitoring biomarkers of AML if further studies are done.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Chonju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jae-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Tian-Ze
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Min-Jeong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Bok Hee
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Han-Gyu
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: So-Ri
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Yeol
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Yong-Geun
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kwak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020543:Proteome; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001798:Blood Proteins; D020543:Proteome