title: Aurintricarboxylic acid translocates across the plasma membrane, inhibits protein tyrosine phosphatase and prevents apoptosis in PC12 cells.
abstract: Aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) prevents apoptosis in a diverse range of cell types including PC12 cells. It is known to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of signaling proteins including Shc proteins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phospholipase C-g and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). However, it has been unclear how ATA increases the phosphorylation of these proteins as it was believed to be membrane impermeable. We found that ATA translocates across the plasma membrane of PC12 cells and have confirmed that it is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP ases). Other PTPase inhibitors also prevented apoptosis independent of ATA. These observations indicate that ATA exerts its anti-apoptotic effect on PC12 cells at least in part by inhibiting certain PTPase(s).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea. hcho@inha.ac.kr
authors.forename: Hyeongjin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Dong Yoon
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Suja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shrestha
authors.forename: Yi Sup
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Ki Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mee-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Keun-Hyeung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jonghwa
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Jae-Seung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001312:Aurintricarboxylic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D016716:PC12 Cells; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001312:Aurintricarboxylic Acid; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases