title: Long-term effects of repeated pregnancies (multiparity) on blood pressure regulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pregnancy is associated with profound alterations in the cardiovascular system, the long-term effects of which are unknown. Human epidemiological studies suggest that multiparity (multiple pregnancies) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms underlying these findings remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of parity on cardiovascular regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pressor responses to phenylephrine (PE) and acute stress were compared in conscious age-matched repeatedly breed (RB) and virgin rats. Vascular compliance and reactivity of isolated resistance-sized mesenteric arteries were studies using pressure and wire myograph.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that both exogenous PE and acute stress elicited greater pressor responses in RB than in aged-matched virgins. Pressure and wire myography also revealed that small mesenteric arteries from RB rats were less compliant than those from virgins (RB: 0.24+/-0.04 microm mm Hg(-1), n=6 vs. virgins: 0.63+/-0.06 microm mm Hg(-1), n=6; p< or =0.05) and were more sensitive to PE (EC(50) RB: 1.58+/-0.08 x 10(-6) M, n=10 vs. virgins: 2.05+/-0.09 x 10(-6) M, n=14; p< or =0.05). Removal of the endothelium abolished the difference in sensitivity. More specifically, the augmented vascular response of RB was both nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase dependent. By contrast, there was no difference in methacholine-induced vasodilation of phenylephrine-preconstricted vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that repeated pregnancies induce long-term alterations in cardiovascular regulation due to changes in vascular compliance and endothelium-dependent vasoconstriction. We propose that such changes might influence the risk for cardiovascular disease in multiparous women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2S2.
authors.forename: Vivek
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dhawan
authors.forename: Zoe L S
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Brookes
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D009213:Myography; D010298:Parity / Q000502:physiology*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine