title: Quantification of the effect of fumigation on short- and long-term nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in different soils.
abstract: The effect of soil fumigation on N mineralization and nitrification needs to be better quantified to optimize N fertilizer advice and predict NO(-)(3) concentrations in crops and NO(-)(3) leaching risks. Seven soils representing a range in soil texture and organic matter contents were fumigated with Cyanamid DD 95 (a mixture of 1,3-dichloropropane and 1,3-dichloropropene). After removal of the fumigant, the fumigated soils and unfumigated controls were incubated for 20 wk and N mineralization and nitrification were monitored by destructive sampling. The average short-term N mineralization rates (k(s)) were significantly larger in the fumigated than in the unfumigated soils (P = 0.025), but the differences in k(s) between fumigated and unfumigated soils could not be related to soil properties. The average long-term N mineralization rates (k(l)) were slightly larger in the fumigated soils but the difference with the unfumigated soils was not significant. Again, the differences in k(l) values could not be related to soil properties. Nitrification was inhibited completely for at least 3 wk in all soils, and an effect on nitrification could be observed up to 17 wk in one soil. An S-shaped function was fitted to the nitrification data corrected for N mineralization, and both the rate constant (gamma) and the time at which maximum nitrification was reached (t(max)) were strongly correlated to soil pH. However, since no correlations were found between the effect of fumigation on N mineralization and soil properties, taking into account the effects of fumigation in fertilizer advice and in the prediction of NO(-)(3) leaching risks will need further research.
authors.affiliation: University of Gent, Department of Soil Management and Soil Care, Division of Soil Fertility and Soil Data Processing, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium. Stefaan.DeNeve@UGent.be
authors.forename: Stefaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Neve
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Csitári
authors.forename: Joost
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salomez
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hofman
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005308:Fertilizers; D005651:Fumigation; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011407:Propane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D012995:Solubility
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D005308:Fertilizers; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; C023891:1,3-dichloro-1-propene; C067434:1,3-dichloropropane; D009584:Nitrogen; D011407:Propane