title: Embolization of peripheral vascular malformations with ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of endovascular embolization of peripheral congenital vascular malformations (VMs) with use of a nonadhesive liquid embolic agent, Onyx.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with a mean age of 20.8 years had local low-flow (n = 4), local high-flow (n = 3), or diffuse high-flow (n = 2) VMs located in the upper or lower extremities. In all patients, endovascular embolization was performed via the superselective catheterization of arterial feeders of VMs with use of microcatheters in a coaxial technique. A total of 15 embolization procedures were performed with Onyx, which was composed of 6%, 8%, or 20% ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In two of four patients with local low-flow VMs, the lesions were embolized completely. In the other two patients with local low-flow VMs, embolizations were incomplete. The remaining five high-flow lesions of local (n = 3) or diffuse (n = 2) types were also embolized incompletely. In all patients with local low-flow VMs and in one patient with a local high-flow VM, clinical signs and symptoms were resolved significantly. Other patients did show clinical benefit from embolization to varying degrees.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experience in a limited number of cases, Onyx promises and provides important advantages over conventional embolic agents in the endovascular transcatheter embolization of congenital peripheral VMs. However, as with other embolic agents, it is far from perfect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, 3400, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Furuzan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Numan
authors.forename: Alp
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omeroglu
authors.forename: Batuhan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantaşdemir
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adaletli
authors.forename: Fatih
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kantarci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002648:Child; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000628:therapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011145:Polyvinyls; C020320:ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer