title: Clinical outcome in patients with locally advanced bladder carcinoma treated with conservative multimodality therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the outcome of patients with muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated with multimodality therapy in our institution from 1993 to 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  The charts of 60 patients with Stage T2-T4N0-N1M0 treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor followed by a chemoradiotherapy combination were retrospectively reviewed. Of the 60 patients, 22 had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (methotrexate, cisplatin, and vinblastine or methotrexate, adriamycin, cisplatin, and vinblastine) followed by concomitant chemoradiotherapy (weekly cisplatin/carboplatin or a cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil combination), and 38 had received concomitant chemoradiotherapy alone. Radiotherapy delivered a median dose of 45 Gy to the pelvis and 65 Gy to the bladder in a once-daily or twice-daily fractionation scheme. Follow-up evaluations included cystoscopy with biopsies at regular intervals. Salvage cystectomy was recommended in the case of local persistent tumor or bladder relapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up was 48.5 months (range 10 to 126). Of the 22 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 18 (82%) had received two or more cycles; 51 (85%) of the 60 patients received the concomitant chemotherapy as planned. Radiotherapy was completed in 56 patients. Twenty-eight patients developed relapse either locally (14 did not achieve a complete local response after chemoradiotherapy and 6 had true local relapse during follow-up) or at distant sites. The actuarial 5-year disease-specific survival and freedom from local and distant relapse rate was 54% and 42%, respectively. The actuarial local control rate with an intact bladder was 56% at 5 years. When stratified according to stage and grade, patients with Stage T2-T3, grade 2 tumors had a statistically significantly better chance of remaining relapse free than did the others (P = 0.045). Salvage cystectomy (n = 11) for isolated local failure in this population achieved limited results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transurethral resection of bladder tumor with this chemoradiotherapy combination achieved satisfactory results in this unfavorable population with invasive bladder carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bladou
authors.forename: Valérie Jeanne
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Bardou
authors.forename: Gwenaelle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gravis
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tallet
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Alzieu
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Serment
authors.forename: Naji
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014747:Vinblastine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D016190:Carboplatin; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate