title: Wear of surface engineered metal-on-metal hip prostheses.
abstract: The wear of existing metal-on-metal (MOM) hip prostheses (1 mm3/million cycles) is much lower than the more widely used polyethylene-on-metal bearings (30-100 mm3/million cycles). However, there remain some potential concerns about the toxicity of metal wear particles and elevated metal ion levels, both locally and systemically in the human body. The aim of this study was to investigate the wear, wear debris and ion release of fully coated surface engineered MOM bearings for hip prostheses. Using a physiological anatomical hip joint simulator, five different bearing systems involving three thick (8-12 microm) coatings, TiN, CrN and CrCN, and one thin (2 microm) coating diamond like carbon (DLC) were evaluated and compared to a clinically used MOM cobalt chrome alloy bearing couple. The overall wear rates of the surface engineered prostheses were at least 18-fold lower than the traditional MOM prostheses after 2 million cycles and 36-fold lower after 5 million cycles. Consequently, the volume of wear debris and the ion levels in the lubricants were substantially lower. These parameters were also much lower than in half coated (femoral heads only) systems that have been reported previously. The extremely low volume of wear debris and concentration of metal ions released by these surface engineered systems, especially with CrN and CrCN coatings, have considerable potential for the clinical application of this technology.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group (iMBE), School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. j.fisher@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: X Q
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tipper
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ingham
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hatto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hardaker
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Isaac
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berry
mesh_terms: D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D006622:Hip Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008670:Metals; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D008670:Metals