Adult T cell leukemia lymphoma.
Adult T cell leukemia lymphoma (ATLL) is a CD4+ lymphoproliferative malignancy resulting from human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. It includes differing clinical forms classified as smoldering, chronic, lymphomatous, and acute ATLL. The Tax protein of HTLV-1 has been implicated as a viral oncoprotein which enhances virus replication and alters cellular gene expression, including activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF kB), to result in lymphoid transformation. Chemotherapy for ATLL has had limited efficacy with median survivals of about 1 yr. Antiviral therapy employing zidovudine and interferon has shown promising results, as have antibody-based therapies to the interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor. Novel approaches employ a combination of chemo/antiretroviral therapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, or inhibitors of NF kB activation.
Ratner
Lee
L
Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. jo@aol.com
D000818:Animals; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000378:metabolism; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation
D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016356:Gene Products, tax; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2