title: In vivo multiphoton fluorescence imaging: a novel approach to oral malignancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Current techniques for oral diagnosis require surgical biopsy of lesions, and may fail to detect early malignant change. Non-invasive, sensitive tools providing early detection of oral cancer and a better understanding of malignant change are needed. These studies evaluated in vivo multiphoton excited fluorescence (MPM) techniques to (1) map epithelial and subepithelial changes through out oral carcinogenesis and (2) serve as an effective diagnostic modality.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the hamster model (n = 70), epithelial and subepithelial change was imaged in vivo throughout carcinogenesis. MPM- and histopathology-based diagnoses on a scale of 0 (healthy)-6 (squamous cell carcinoma [s.c.c.]) were scored by two pre-standardized investigators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collagen matrix and fibers, cellular infiltrates, blood vessels, and microtumors were clearly visible. MPM agreed with the histopathology for 88.6% of diagnoses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo MPM images provide (1) high resolution information on specific components of the carcinogenesis process (2) an excellent basis for oral diagnostics.
authors.affiliation: Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, California 92612, USA. pwsmith@bli.uci.edu
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilder-Smith
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osann
authors.forename: Nevine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Naglaa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El Abbadi
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Messadi
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krasieva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*