title: Evidence of increased substrate availability to in vitro-derived bovine foetuses and association with accelerated conceptus growth.
abstract: Changes in placental development have been associated with foetal abnormalities after in vitro embryo manipulations. This study was designed to investigate bovine conceptus development and substrate levels in plasma and fluids in in vivo- and in vitro-produced (IVP) concepti and neonates. In vivo-produced and IVP embryos were derived by established embryo production procedures. Pregnant animals from both groups were slaughtered on days 90 or 180 of gestation, or allowed to go to term. Conceptus and neonatal physical traits were recorded; foetal, maternal and neonatal blood, and foetal fluids were collected for the determination of blood and fluid chemistry, and glucose, fructose and lactate concentrations. Placental transcripts for specific glucose transporters were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. No significant differences in uterine and conceptus traits were observed between groups on day 90. On day 180, larger uterine, placental and foetal weights, and an increase in placental gross surface area (SA) in IVP pregnancies were associated with increased glucose and fructose accumulation in foetal plasma and associated fluids, with no differences in the expression of components of the glucose transporter system. Therefore, the enlarged placental SA in IVP pregnancies suggests an increase in substrate uptake and transport capacity. Newborn IVP calves displayed higher birth weights and plasma fructose concentrations soon after birth, findings which appeared to be associated with clinical and metabolic distress. Our results indicated larger concepti and increased placental fructogenic capacity in mid- to late IVP pregnancies, features which appeared to be associated with an enhanced substrate supply, potentially glucose, to the conceptus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Moyer
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Batchelder
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hoffert
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bertolini
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Cargill
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Famula
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Sainz
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001692:Biological Transport; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000662:veterinary; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005632:Fructose / Q000097:blood; D005865:Gestational Age; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D010929:Placentation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014599:Uterus / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005632:Fructose; D019344:Lactic Acid