title: Comparison of the NEI-VFQ and OSDI questionnaires in patients with Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the associations between vision-targeted health-related quality of life (VT-HRQ) and ocular surface parameters in patients with Sjögren's syndrome, a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dry eye and dry mouth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients fulfilling European / American diagnostic criteria for Sjögren's syndrome underwent Schirmer testing without anesthesia, ocular surface vital dye staining; and measurement of tear film breakup time (TBUT). Subjects were administered the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) and the 25-item National Eye Institute Vision Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ). Main outcome measures included ocular surface parameters, OSDI subscales describing ocular discomfort (OSDI-symptoms), vision-related function (OSDI-function), and environmental triggers, and NEI-VFQ subscales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants (aged 31-81 y; 95% female) all had moderate to severe dry eye. Associations of OSDI subscales with the ocular parameters were modest (Spearman r (rho) < 0.22) and not statistically significant. Associations of NEI-VFQ subscales with the ocular parameters reached borderline significance for the near vision subscale with TBUT (rho = 0.32, p =.05) and for the distance vision subscale with van Bijsterveld score (rho = 0.33, p =.04). The strongest associations of the two questionnaires were for: ocular pain and mental function with OSDI-symptoms (rho = 0.60 and 0.45, respectively); and general vision, ocular pain, mental function, role function, and driving with OSDI-function (rho = 0.60, 0.50, 0.61, 0.64, 0.57, and 0.67, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Associations between conventional objective measures of dry eye and VT-HRQ were modest. The generic NEI-VFQ was similar to the disease-specific OSDI in its ability to measure the impact of Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye on VT-HRQ.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Eye Institute, Building 31, room 6A52, 31 Center Drive, MSC 2510, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. sev@nei.nih.gov
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: George F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Janine A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014787:Vision Tests; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology