Evaluation of the effects of premedication on gastroduodenoscopy in cats.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of hydromorphone, hydromorphone and glycopyrrolate, medetomidine, and butorphanol premedication on the difficulty and time required to pass an endoscope into the stomach and duodenum of cats anesthetized with ketamine and isoflurane.


METHODS
Randomized complete block crossover study.


METHODS
8 purpose-bred adult female cats.


METHODS
Each cat was premedicated and anesthetized 4 times with an interval of at least 7 days between procedures. Cats were premedicated with hydromorphone, hydromorphone and glycopyrrolate, medetomidine, or butorphanol administered IM. Twenty minutes after premedication, sedation was assessed by use of a subjective ordinal scale. Cats received ketamine administered IM, and 10 minutes later a cuffed orotracheal tube was placed and anesthesia maintained with isoflurane. Cats breathed spontaneously throughout the procedure. When end-tidal isoflurane concentration was stable at 1.4% for 15 minutes, endoscopy was begun. The times required to pass the endoscope through the cardiac and pyloric sphincters were recorded, and the difficulty of endoscope passage was scored by use of a subjective ordinal scale.


RESULTS
No significant differences in difficulty or time required to pass the endoscope through the cardiac and pyloric sphincters were found among premedicant groups. Premedication with medetomidine resulted in the greatest degree of sedation and longest time to return to sternal recumbency.


CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that hydromorphone, hydromorphone and glycopyrrolate, medetomidine, and butorphanol at the doses tested can be used satisfactorily to premedicate cats prior to general anesthesia for gastroduodenoscopy.
Smith
Alison A
AA
Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Posner
Lysa P
LP
Goldstein
Richard E
RE
Ludders
John W
JW
Erb
Hollis N
HN
Simpson
Kenneth W
KW
Gleed
Robin D
RD
D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004384:Duodenoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000494:pharmacology; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000494:pharmacology; D007530:Isoflurane; D007649:Ketamine; D020926:Medetomidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D011897:Random Allocation
D000700:Analgesics; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D007649:Ketamine; D007530:Isoflurane; D020926:Medetomidine; D004091:Hydromorphone; D002077:Butorphanol; D006024:Glycopyrrolate