title: Social hierarchy affects gene expression for catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in rat adrenal glands.
abstract: Social stressors, like other stressors, are powerful activators of the sympathoadrenomedullary system. Differential housing (single vs. group) and social defeat of rats is known to alter the activity of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in the medulla. The present studies examined the effect of 70 days of triad (3 rats per large cage) and individual housing of male rats on adrenal mRNA levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and on TH protein levels. Behavioral ratings carried out at the triad formation indicated that dominant rats exhibited mostly offensive aggressive behaviors. By contrast, subordinate rats expressed primarily defensive behaviors, while the subdominant rats displayed intermediate levels of these behaviors. Overall, compared with single housing, triad housing resulted in lower gene expression for TH, DBH and PNMT and lower TH protein in the adrenals. Within triads, gene expression for these enzymes and TH protein concentration were higher in subordinate compared with dominant and subdominant rats. The dominant rats tended to have the lowest gene expression of these enzymes. These data indicate that in rodents, individual housing and a subject's social rank have a differential impact on the regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis already during the process of gene expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes in the adrenals.
authors.affiliation: Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855-8001, USA. larissa@rci.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: Larissa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pohorecky
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Blakley
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kubovcakova
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Krizanova
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Patterson-Buckendahl
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kvetnansky
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006608:Hierarchy, Social; D008297:Male; D010625:Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D012934:Social Isolation; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004299:Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; D010625:Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase