Protein kinase Cdelta activation induces apoptosis in response to cardiac ischemia and reperfusion damage: a mechanism involving BAD and the mitochondria.
Heart attacks caused by occlusion of coronary arteries are often treated by mechanical or enzymatic removal of the occlusion and reperfusion of the ischemic heart. It is now recognized that reperfusion per se contributes to myocardial damage, and there is a great interest in identifying the molecular basis of this damage. We recently showed that inhibiting protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) protects the heart from ischemia and reperfusion-induced damage. Here, we demonstrate that PKCdelta activity and mitochondrial translocation at the onset of reperfusion mediates apoptosis by facilitating the accumulation and dephosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic BAD (Bcl-2-associated death promoter), dephosphorylation of Akt, cytochrome c release, PARP (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) cleavage, and DNA laddering. Our data suggest that PKCdelta activation has a critical proapoptotic role in cardiac responses following ischemia and reperfusion.
Murriel
Christopher L
CL
Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5174, USA.
Churchill
Eric
E
Inagaki
Koichi
K
Szweda
Luke I
LI
Mochly-Rosen
Daria
D
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
C494819:BAD protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; C494821:Bad protein, rat; C494813:Bcl2l1 protein, rat; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D045304:Cytochromes c; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; C499322:Parp1 protein, rat; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C497260:Prkcd protein, rat; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C497258:PRKCD protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases