title: LU21: a new high-frequency antigen in the Lutheran blood group system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Lutheran blood group system comprises 18 antigens numbered LU1 to LU20, with two numbers obsolete. Thirteen antigens are of high frequency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serological tests were performed by conventional methods. The monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of erythrocyte antigens (MAIEA) assay was carried out with monoclonal antibodies to Lutheran glycoprotein. All exons of the LU gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced from genomic DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A patient was found to have an antibody to a high-frequency red cell antigen during her second pregnancy. The antibody was shown to be Lutheran-related and was distinguished from all reported Lutheran antibodies. MAIEA suggested the antibody was defining a novel epitope in domain 1 of the Lu-glycoprotein. Sequencing of the LU gene revealed a new homozygous single-point mutation, C282G, in exon 3, encoding an Asp94Glu change in the first domain of the Lu-glycoprotein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antibody detected a new high-frequency Lutheran antigen, numbered LU21, that appears to result from an Asp94Glu substitution in the first, N-terminal domain of the Lu-glycoprotein.
authors.affiliation: Bristol Institute for Transfusion Sciences and International Blood Group Reference Laboratory, National Blood Service, Bristol, UK. vanja.crew@nbs.nhs.uk
authors.forename: V Karamatic
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Crew
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daniels
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001789:Blood Group Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008188:Lutheran Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D017354:Point Mutation; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C090228:BCAM protein, human; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008188:Lutheran Blood-Group System; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins