title: Instrumentation for advanced microseparations in pharmaceutical analysis and proteomics.
abstract: Small-volume chromatographic columns are only able to generate narrow peaks when flow rates, injection volume and instrument components, such as detector, connecting tubing and fittings, are matched to the peak dispersion from the column. Criteria for the proper design of chromatographic instrumentation are therefore derived from a general model on total dispersion. The performance of such a system is then experimentally evaluated from applications run on narrow-bore, small-volume columns. In order to achieve flow rates that match the dimensions of such columns, a new concept for electronic flow control (EFC) is introduced. A theoretical optimization of column efficiency and throughput is discussed and the results verified with practical examples on short, narrow-bore columns packed with small, porous and superficially porous particles. For complex sample mixtures, the concept of peak capacity is introduced and applied to orthogonal separation principles in multiple chromatographic dimensions through column switching techniques.
authors.affiliation: Agilent Technologies GmbH, Pharmaceutical Solutions, P.O. Box 1280, Waldbronn D 76337, Germany. gerard_rozing@agilent.com
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rozing
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nägele
authors.forename: Patric
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hörth
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vollmer
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glatz
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gratzfeld-Hüsgen
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation*; D040901:Proteomics; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation*