title: Antimicrobials for the treatment of urinary tract infection in pregnancy: practices in southern India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although urinary tract infection (UTI) in pregnancy is a common medical problem, very little is known about the susceptibility patterns of bacteria causing UTI and the prescription practices for UTI in pregnancy in low-income countries. Studies were, therefore, carried out in southern India to document the susceptibility patterns and to compare these with prescription practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated in significant counts from urine of pregnant women suspected to have urinary infection were collected. Prescribing patterns for these infections were ascertained using a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 90% of E. coli causing UTI is still susceptible to nitrofurantoin, a relatively inexpensive and safe drug. However, less than 25% of doctors used it for treatment of cystitis. Cephalosporins were most commonly used in hospital practice for the treatment of UTI. Amoxycillin was being used widely to treat UTI in pregnancy in spite of high prevalence of resistance. There were wide variations in the duration of therapy and use of prophylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate an urgent need for proper guidelines, dissemination of information to practitioners and supervision of antimicrobial usage in low income countries like India. Irrational and unnecessary drug use can be expensive and harmful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India. mathaim@cmcvellore.ac.in
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mathai
authors.forename: Raja John
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Sujith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandy
authors.forename: Matthews
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mathai
authors.forename: Staffan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bergstrom
mesh_terms: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary