title: Immune parameters in patients with anxiety or depression during psychotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have described distinctive immunological findings in patients with depression. In contrast, only very little is known about the possible influence of anxiety disorders on the immune system. It is also unknown whether treatment with psychotherapy alone has any influence on immunological variations in patients with psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured immunological and psychological parameters in patients with minor depression (N=10) or anxiety disorder (N=13) over an 8-week course of inpatient psychotherapy. Data for patients and a group of healthy controls (N=11) were recorded three times in 4-week intervals. A FACS analysis revealed the composition of lymphocyte subpopulations. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by phagocytes was analyzed using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On admission, patients with anxiety disorder showed a markedly elevated ratio of CD4(+) (T helper) versus CD8(+) (T suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes compared to healthy controls (P<0.001) and minor depressives (P<0.01). The increased ratio in patients with anxiety disorder could mainly be attributed to a reduced count in CD8(+) T cells compared to healthy controls (P<0.01) and depressives (P<0.05). There were no differences between patients with depression and healthy controls with respect to the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio. We did not observe any differences in the production of ROS by phagocytes in patients compared to healthy controls. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio remained elevated in patients with anxiety disorders during the following 8 weeks. There were no significant changes in this parameter over the course of the inpatient treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a pilot study on the immune status in patients with anxiety disorders, the study's main limitation is the relatively low number of patients observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study we demonstrated for the first time marked immunological changes in patients with anxiety disorders. In addition, our results provide preliminary evidence that these immunological variations are not reversible by an 8-week course of inpatient psychotherapy alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology and Hematology, Medical University Clinic Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. datanackov@aol.com
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Atanackovic
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kröger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serke
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Deter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011613:Psychotherapy