title: Comprehensive analysis of genetic polymorphisms in the interleukin-10 promoter: implications for immune regulation in specific ethnic populations.
abstract: The association of interleukin-10 (IL-10) promoter single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as risk factors for certain inflammatory diseases, viral infections, cancers, and transplant rejection have been the subject of recent studies. The SNPs -1082 G --> A, -819 C --> T, and -592 C --> A, which have been associated with differential IL-10 production, are strongly linked with ethnicity. In this study, we determined the ethnic distribution of IL-10 promoter SNPs and their haplotype rates among Hispanics, African Americans, and Caucasians from Texas and Ashkenazi Jews from New York. Significant differences in prevalence rates of IL-10 SNPs (and their haplotype distribution) were found. African Americans and Hispanics have a lower rate of putative high-producer SNPs and a higher rate of low IL-10 producers when compared to Caucasians or Ashkenazi Jews. No statistically significant differences in allelic frequencies and haplotype rates were observed between Caucasians and Ashkenazi Jews. This study provides critical new information on the ethnic distribution of IL-10 promoter SNPs in a regional U. S. population and is the first to analyze the rate of SNPs in an unstudied ethnic population, Ashkenazi Jews. Knowledge of IL-10 promoter polymorphisms may prove useful in prediction of immunization responses, disease severity, and in the intelligent design of customized immunotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Rady
authors.forename: Reuben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matalon
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: Eric M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S David
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Hudnall
authors.forename: Leonard H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Kellner
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nitowsky
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Tyring
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics*; D007585:Jews / Q000235:genetics; D009518:New York / Q000208:ethnology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics*; D013781:Texas / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016753:Interleukin-10