Antiinflammatory properties of PPARgamma agonists following ischemia.
Ischemic disease is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and its incidence is expected to increase as the population ages. One population at particularly high risk of developing ischemia is patients with diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is associated with a marked increase in atherosclerosis, stroke and heart attack. Furthermore, the outcome following stroke and heart attack in diabetics is worse than in nondiabetic patients. In recent years, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists have been found to have potent antiinflammatory actions and have emerged as potential therapies for atherosclerosis and ischemia. The use of these agents is particularly attractive, since two PPARgamma agonists, pioglitazone (Actos) and rosiglitazone (Avandia), are already used chronically to treat diabetes. In this article we review the role of inflammation in ischemic disease and the biology of PPARs, and summarize the evidence that PPARgamma ligands suppress inflammation with an emphasis on atherosclerosis, and cerebral and myocardial ischemia.
Sundararajan
Sophia
S
Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. Sophia.Sundararajan@case.edu
Landreth
Gary E
GE
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D008024:Ligands; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000819:agonists*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008024:Ligands; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors