Hedging their bets: tobacco and gambling industries work against smoke-free policies.
OBJECTIVE
To describe and understand the relationship between the tobacco and gambling industries in connection to their collaborative efforts to prevent smoke-free casinos and gambling facilities and fight smoke-free policies generally.


METHODS
Analysis of tobacco industry documents available online (accessed between February and December 2003).


RESULTS
The tobacco industry has worked to convince the gambling industry to fight against smoke-free environments. Representatives of the gambling industry with ties to the tobacco industry oppose smoke-free workplaces by claiming that smoke-free environments hurt gambling revenue and by promoting ventilation as a solution to secondhand smoke. With help from the tobacco industry, the gambling industry has become a force at the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers opposing smoke-free ventilation standards for the hospitality industry.


CONCLUSIONS
Tobacco industry strategies to mobilise the gambling industry to oppose smoke-free environments are consistent with past strategies to co-opt the hospitality industry and with strategies to influence policy from behind the scenes. Tobacco control advocates need to be aware of the connections between the tobacco and gambling industries in relation to smoke-free environments and work to expose them to the public and to policy makers.
Mandel
L L
LL
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-1390, USA.
Glantz
S A
SA
D005715:Gambling; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D008119:Lobbying; D009042:Motivation; D009505:Nevada; D011633:Public Facilities / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D014904:Western Australia
D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution