title: A computational model of selection by consequences.
abstract: Darwinian selection by consequences was instantiated in a computational model that consisted of a repertoire of behaviors undergoing selection, reproduction, and mutation over many generations. The model in effect created a digital organism that emitted behavior continuously. The behavior of this digital organism was studied in three series of computational experiments that arranged reinforcement according to random-interval (RI) schedules. The quantitative features of the model were varied over wide ranges in these experiments, and many of the qualitative features of the model also were varied. The digital organism consistently showed a hyperbolic relation between response and reinforcement rates, and this hyperbolic description of the data was consistently better than the description provided by other, similar, function forms. In addition, the parameters of the hyperbola varied systematically with the quantitative, and some of the qualitative, properties of the model in ways that were consistent with findings from biological organisms. These results suggest that the material events responsible for an organism's responding on RI schedules are computationally equivalent to Darwinian selection by consequences. They also suggest that the computational model developed here is worth pursuing further as a possible dynamic account of behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. psyjjmd@emory.edu
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McDowell
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003198:Computer Simulation; D016011:Normal Distribution; D012984:Software