title: Effect of obturation technique on sealer cement thickness and dentinal tubule penetration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the average sealer cement film thickness and the extent and pattern of sealer penetration into dentinal tubules in association with four obturation techniques in curved root canals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mesial canals of 44 extracted mandibular molars were randomly divided among the SimpliFill, continuous wave, Thermafil and 0.04 matched taper (master cones) lateral compaction obturation groups (22 canals per group). AH26 sealer cement was coloured blue-black using Sudan Black B dye. Roots were sectioned 1, 3 and 5 mm from the working length. Specimens were photographed under 25x magnification, mounted as 35 mm slides and projected. Average sealer cement thickness (measured at 10 points around the canal wall), depth of dentinal tubule penetration and frequency of voids were determined at the 1, 3 and 5 mm levels. Data were analysed statistically for effect of obturation technique and level of section on sealer thickness and on the depth and distribution of tubule penetration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thermafil demonstrated superior GP adaptation at all levels with a mean overall sealer cement thickness of 2.2 microm, followed by lateral compaction (11.1 microm), continuous wave (12.2 microm) and SimpliFill (47.6 microm). SimpliFill also demonstrated the highest frequency of voids (P < 0.05). Sealer cement penetrated dentinal tubules as far as the outer one-third of dentine, with greater penetration observed buccally or lingually (P < 0.001). Penetration was not significantly affected by obturation technique, but on average was deeper and more frequent at the 3 and 5 mm levels than at the 1 mm level (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sealer thickness was strongly dependent on obturation technique. Assuming that minimal sealer thickness and fewer voids are good measures of long-term sealing ability, Thermafil resulted in the best outcome. Consistent, extensive sealer penetration into dentinal tubules was seen and was unrelated to the obturation technique.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Weis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Parashos
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Messer
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003806:Dentin Permeability; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods; D012834:Silver; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012834:Silver; C028044:epoxy resin AH-26; D014025:Titanium; D001729:Bismuth