title: Neuropsychological outcome of infant heart transplant recipients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess long-term neuropsychological outcomes of infant heart transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five children (mean age, 6.4 years) with a primary diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome or other cardiac disorders participated in the study. Six areas of risk were assessed (birth; preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative status; long-term medical complications; and socioeconomic factors). Neuropsychological evaluations included the following: Wechsler Scales of Intelligence, Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Berry Visual Motor Integration Scale, Comprehensive Evaluation of Language Function, and Achenbach Child Behavioral Checklist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intellectual functioning scores revealed a mean full-scale IQ of 81 +/- 19. Intraoperative and postoperative variables (bypass time, hospital course, and lowest posttransplant pH), long-term medical complications (serious infections and posttransplant surgical procedures), and socioeconomic factors were associated with cognitive functioning. Visual-motor functioning was also related to bypass and total support time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term outcomes reveal low-average neuropsychological functioning and are related to intrasurgical-postsurgical, long-term medical, and socioeconomic factors. The neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning of infant heart transplant recipients will be important to address as they mature during adolescence and adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
authors.forename: Marti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baum
authors.forename: M Catherin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Freier
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Talin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Babikian
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashwal
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chinnock
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bailey
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014888:Wechsler Scales