Safety of benzodiazepines in the geriatric population.
Benzodiazepines are the most frequently prescribed antianxiety drugs in the elderly. Despite their usefulness and safety in the younger population, there is concern about the rationale for their use in the elderly. Studies of the therapeutic use of benzodiazepines in the elderly are rare. Elderly females with co-morbid medical and psychiatric conditions and who are taking multiple medications form the group most frequently prescribed benzodiazepines among the elderly, and the group most likely to experience side effects. Age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes increase the potential for certain side effects in the elderly. Significant adverse effects that may be associated with benzodiazepine use in the elderly include falls, cognitive impairment, sedation, and impairment of driving skills, all of which are particularly related to the long half-life of benzodiazepines. Long-term use of benzodiazepines should be discouraged because of the risk of dependence, which is a serious problem in the elderly. Unrecognised and untreated benzodiazepine dependence can lead to serious medical complications.
Madhusoodanan
Subramoniam
S
Department of Psychiatry, St. John's Episcopal Hospital, South Shore, 327 Beach 19th Street, Far Rockaway, New York, USA. sdanan@ehs.org
Bogunovic
Olivera J
OJ
D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000188:drug therapy; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001711:Biotransformation; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D012306:Risk; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines