title: Predictive factors for glaucomatous visual field progression in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the risk factors associated with visual field (VF) progression in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) with pointwise linear regression (PLR) analysis of serial VFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred nine eyes of 401 patients from the AGIS with a baseline VF score of <or=16, >or=7 VF examinations, and >or=3 years of follow-up were selected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual field progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cohort study of patients enrolled in a prospective randomized clinical trial (AGIS). Worsening of a test location on PLR analysis was defined as a change of threshold sensitivity of >or=1.00 decibels a year, with P<or=0.01. Visual field progression was defined as worsening of at least 2 test locations within a Glaucoma Hemifield Test cluster with PLR analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine risk factors associated with VF worsening. Intraocular pressure (IOP) fluctuation was defined as standard deviation of the IOP at all visits after the initial surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (+/- standard deviation) follow-up time and baseline AGIS score were 7.4 (+/-1.7) years and 7.7 (+/-4.4), respectively. Visual field progression was detected with PLR analysis in 151 eyes (30%). Older age at the initial intervention (P = 0.0012; odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.50), larger IOP fluctuation (P = 0.0013; OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.12-1.54), increasing number of glaucoma interventions (P = 0.01; OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.14-2.64), and longer follow-up (P = 0.02; OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03-1.38) were associated with increased odds of VF progression. When regression analyses were repeated in eyes with and without a history of cataract extraction, IOP fluctuation was the only variable to be consistently associated with VF progression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both increasing age and greater IOP fluctuation increase the odds of VF progression by 30% (for each 5-year increment in age and 1-mmHg increase in IOP fluctuation). The higher risk conferred by IOP fluctuation was consistently observed in eyes with and without a history of cataract extraction.
authors.affiliation: Glaucoma Division, Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California Los Angeles 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Kouros
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nouri-Mahdavi
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Anne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaasterland
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caprioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014794:Visual Fields