title: The roles of free oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, and endothelin in caustic injury of rat esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors aimed to find out the roles of free oxygen radicals, nitric oxide (NO), and endothelin (ET) in caustic injury of rat esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five Wistar albino rats were used to form 6 groups. The study groups are summarized as 1, sham (S; n = 7); 2, sham + L-arginine (SA; n = 7); 3, sham + L-NAME (SN; n = 7); 4, injury (I; n = 8); 5, injury + L-arginine (IA; n = 8); 6, injury + L-NAME (IN; n = 8). Normal saline in the sham groups and 50% NaOH in the caustic injury groups were administered to the distal esophagus. Free oxygen radicals and NO were detected by chemiluminescence from tissue samples, and they were correlated with histologic examinations. Tissue ET was measured also with immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The injury was verified histologically. Free oxygen radical levels were found to be increased as well as NO and ET with the caustic injury (P <.05). L-arginine caused a histologic increase in the injury that was close to statistical significance (P =.08). L-NAME showed no significant effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free radicals, NO, and ET increase in the early phase of caustic esophageal injury. Understanding their early interactions during the caustic injury may help in future therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: S Kerem
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ozel
authors.forename: Tolga E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Dagli
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Gursu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kiyan
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kotiloglu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002057:Burns, Chemical / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002424:Caustics / Q000633:toxicity*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D002424:Caustics; D019332:Endothelin-1; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D001120:Arginine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester