title: Substance P enhances the inhibition of osteoblastic cell differentiation induced by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substance P (SP) is a multifunctional neuropeptide that transmits pain signals, regulates the immune system, and may modulate emotional stress. SP stimulates bone resorption activity of osteoclasts, and SP level in gingival crevicular fluid is correlated with the degree of periodontal inflammation. However, the exact roles of SP in bone metabolism and periodontal diseases are poorly understood. To elucidate the effect of stress on bone metabolism, we investigated the effect of SP on osteoblastic cell differentiation in the presence of lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (P-LPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary osteoblastic cells were isolated from fetal rat calvaria (RC) and cultured with SP, P-LPS, and an SP antagonist (SPa). The effects of SP on bone nodule (BN), alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, mRNA expressions of SP receptor, bone matrix proteins, and Cbfa 1 were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SP stimulated the expression of SP receptor mRNA in RC cells and enhanced its expression in the presence of P-LPS (50 ng/ml). SP inhibited BN formation and ALPase activity in a dose-dependent manner (10(-7) to 10(-5) M) and further suppressed mRNA expression of bone sialoprotein, osteopontin, and osteocalcin but not of type I collagen mRNA. The inhibitory effects were enhanced in the presence of P-LPS and blocked by Spantide III. Furthermore, the expression of Cbfa 1 mRNA was also markedly suppressed in the presence of SP and P-LPS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that SP inhibits osteoblastic cell differentiation and may be related to bone metabolism in periodontal diseases under conditions of stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University School of Dentistry, Tokushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Azuma
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kido
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ikedo
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kataoka
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D018040:Receptors, Neurokinin-1; D013373:Substance P; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase