title: Evaluation of patients referred for percutaneous ablation of renal tumors: importance of a preprocedural diagnosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous ablation of renal cell carcinoma has the potential to be as effective as partial nephrectomy. Because the entire tumor cannot be examined at pathology, diagnosis relies solely on imaging and percutaneous biopsy. Diagnoses of cancer have been rendered using imaging alone in some clinical trials of percutaneous ablation. If these trials inadvertently included benign masses, the efficacy of ablation was overestimated. Therefore, we sought to determine the prevalence of benign masses in a population of patients referred for percutaneous tumor ablation of presumed renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients were referred by urologists for MRI-guided cryotherapy of suspected renal cell carcinoma. Renal masses ranged from 1.0 to 4.6 cm (mean, 2.2 cm) in diameter. The CT, MRI, and percutaneous biopsy findings were tabulated and compared with surgical and imaging follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients (37%) had a benign renal mass, including three angiomyolipomas, that had no evidence of fat on CT or MRI. Three masses were proven benign by biopsy, three by imaging, and four by a combination of biopsy and imaging. The masses in the remaining 17 patients were ablated. Biopsy revealed malignant cells in 10, suspicious cells in four, and atypical cells in two; one was nondiagnostic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantial percentage of patients referred for percutaneous ablation of renal tumors had benign masses. If CT or MRI alone cannot be used to diagnose a benign entity, patients should undergo a biopsy before the treatment session.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA. ktuncali@partners.org
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tuncali
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: vanSonnenberg
authors.forename: Sridhar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Koenraad J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Mortele
authors.forename: Edmund S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Cibas
authors.forename: Stuart G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies