title: Overexpressed eIF4E is functionally active in surgical margins of head and neck cancer patients via activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overexpression of eIF4E in surgical margins of head and neck cancer patients is an independent risk factor for recurrence. We hypothesize that overexpressed eIF4E is functionally active in tumor margins through activation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway
  
  
  METHODS
  Western blots and/or immunohistochemistry were performed to determine whether phosphorylation of mTOR and activation of its downstream molecules eIF4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) and p70 S6 kinase and the upstream modulator of mTOR, Akt, were expressed in margins overexpressing eIF4E.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant association between phospho-4E-BP1 and eIF4E expression of a margin or a significant difference in phospho-4E-BP1 expression between the eIF4E-positive and -negative margins (P < 0.01). A significant association between eIF4E and phospho-p70 S6 kinase as well as eIF4E and phospho-mTOR was also noted (P < 0.05). Western blot analysis indicated a highly significant difference in the phosphorylation status of 4E-BP1 between tumors and resection margins. A total of 89% of the 4E-BP1-expressing margins expressed more of the phosphorylated (beta, gamma, and delta) isoforms, whereas 81% of the 4E-BP1-expressing tumors expressed more of the unphosphorylated alpha isoform. A similar difference in Akt activation was noted between eIF4E-positive margins and tumors (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overexpression of eIF4E is functionally active in tumor margins through activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The greater degree of expression of downstream targets and upstream regulators of mTOR in margins compared with the tumors indicates preferential activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in margins overexpressing eIF4E. Rapamycin analogs can potentially be used as adjuvant therapy for patients with eIF4E-positive margins.
authors.affiliation: Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Veterans Administration, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA. cnatha@lsuhsc.edu
authors.forename: Cherie-Ann O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Nathan
authors.forename: Nazanin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Amirghahari
authors.forename: Fleurette
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abreo
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caldito
authors.forename: M Lamar
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Huijuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Donnellan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kimberly
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000378:metabolism*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C087000:EIF4EBP1 protein, human; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases