title: Andrographolide acts through inhibition of ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation to suppress chemotactic migration.
abstract: We now evaluated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of andrographolide on complement 5a (C5a)-induced macrophage recruitment in vitro. Andrographolide concentration dependently inhibited cell migration toward C5a with an IC50 of 5.6+/-0.7 microM. With relatively specific kinase inhibitors (PD98059, SB203580, SP600125, wortmannin and LY294002, respectively) the results showed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) were necessary for C5a-induced migration, whereas c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was nonessential. Andrographolide significantly attenuated C5a-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and of its upstream activator, MAP kinase-ERK kinase (MEK1/2). C5a-activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation was 86+/-9% inhibited by 30 microM andrographolide. Under the same conditions, however, andrographolide failed to affect C5a-stimulated p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation. Andrographolide also strongly abolished C5a-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, a downstream target protein for PI3K. These results indicate that inhibition of cell migration by interfering with ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signal pathways may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of andrographolide.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, NO.155, Li-Nung Street, Section 2, Shih-Pai Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Hwei-Ru
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei-Jern
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Wen-Fei
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chiou
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D015936:Complement C5a / Q000494:pharmacology; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077191:Wortmannin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D000873:Anthracenes; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D002867:Chromones; D004224:Diterpenes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D009025:Morpholines; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011725:Pyridines; C432165:pyrazolanthrone; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C030419:andrographolide; D015936:Complement C5a; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D048370:MAP Kinase Kinase 2; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; C482127:Map2k1 protein, mouse; C482129:Map2k2 protein, mouse; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D000077191:Wortmannin