title: Monte-Carlo calculations of radial dose and restricted-let for protons in water.
abstract: A new Monte-Carlo code for event-by-event simulation of the transport of energetic non-relativistic protons (approximately 0.5-10 MeV) and all their secondary electrons (down to 1 Ry) in both the vapour and liquid phases of water is presented. A unified particle-water inelastic model for both phases of water has been developed based on experimental optical data and elements of the Bethe theory. The model applies to both electrons and heavy-charged particles and is particularly suitable for extension to other media of biological relevance (organic polymers, DNA, etc.). Condensed-phase effects are included in the liquid version (MC4L) by means of the dielectric functions which, essentially, substitute the oscillator-strength used in the vapour version (MC4V). The results in the form of radial dose distributions and spatially restricted linear energy transfer are presented and compared with the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina 451 10, Greece. demfietz@cc.uoi.gr
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Emfietzoglou
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karava
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papamichael
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moscovitch
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D044367:Phase Transition; D011522:Protons; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D011522:Protons; D014867:Water