title: 'I had this horrible pain': the sources and causes of pain experiences in 4- to 11-year-old hospitalized children.
abstract: Researchers have relied, almost without exception, on adults for qualitative information about children's pain. However, adults may provide only a limited view of children's pain experience. The purpose of this article is to describe the events considered painful by children. Forty-four children participated in the study. They had been admitted for different reasons into different wards of a university hospital. The data consisted of qualitative child interviews and was analysed using inductive content analysis. The pain experience of children came from four main sources: 1. pain as a symptom of a diagnosed illness, 2. pain caused by medical and diagnostic procedures and basic nursing, 3. pain caused by accidents and 4. inexplicable pain not caused by a particular illness or injury. Children are able to report and describe their pain. Children should be regarded as experts on their pain in order to maximize the options for pain management.
authors.affiliation: Learning and Research Services, University of Oulu, Finland. riitta-liisa.kortesluoma@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Riitta-Liisa
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kortesluoma
authors.forename: Merja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nikkonen
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010371:Pediatric Nursing