Enzymatic reactions involved in the repair of oxidized proteins.
Proteins are the targets of reactive oxygen species, and cell aging is characterized by a build-up of oxidized proteins. Oxidized proteins tend to accumulate with age, due to either an increase in the rate of protein oxidation, a decrease in the rate of oxidized protein repair and degradation, or a combination of both mechanisms. Oxidized protein degradation is mainly carried out by the proteasomal system, which is the main intracellular proteolytic pathway involved in protein turnover and the elimination of damaged proteins. However, part of the oxidative damage to cysteine and methionine residues, two amino acids which are highly susceptible to oxidation, can be repaired by various enzymatic systems that catalyze the reduction of cysteine disulfide bridge, cysteine-sulfenic and -sulfinic acids as well as methionine sulfoxide. The aim of this review is to describe these enzymatic oxidized protein repair systems and their potential involvement in the decline of protein maintenance associated with aging, focusing in particular on the methionine sulfoxide reductases system.
Mary
Jean
J
Laboratoire de Biologie et Biochimie Cellulaire du Vieillissement, Université denis Diderot, Paris 7, France.
Vougier
Stéphanie
S
Picot
Cédric R
CR
Perichon
Martine
M
Petropoulos
Isabelle
I
Friguet
Bertrand
B
D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000502:physiology; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D004260:DNA Repair; D006801:Humans; D051150:Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
D011506:Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D051150:Methionine Sulfoxide Reductases; C027219:methionine sulfoxide reductase; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex