title: Preoperative magnetic source imaging for brain tumor surgery: a quantitative comparison with intraoperative sensory and motor mapping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare quantitatively the methods of preoperative magnetic source (MS) imaging and intraoperative electrophysiological cortical mapping (ECM) in the localization of sensorimotor cortex in patients with intraaxial brain tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Preoperative magnetoencephalography (MEG) was performed while patients received painless tactile somatosensory stimulation of the lip, hand, and foot. The early somatosensory evoked field was modeled using a single equivalent current dipole approach to estimate the spatial source of the response. Three-dimensional magnetic resonance image volume data sets with fiducials were coregistered with the MEG recordings to form the MS image. These individualized functional brain maps were integrated into a neuronavigation system. Intraoperative mapping of somatosensory and/or motor cortex was performed and sites were compared. In two subgroups of patients we compared intraoperative somatosensory and motor stimulation sites with MS imaging-based somatosensory localizations. Mediolateral projection of the MS imaging source localizations to the cortical surface reduced systematic intermodality discrepancies. The distance between two corresponding points determined using MS imaging and ECM was 12.5 +/- 1.3 mm for somatosensory-somatosensory and 19 +/- 1.3 mm for somatosensory-motor comparisons. The observed 6.5 mm increase in site separation was systematically demonstrated in the anteroposterior direction, as expected from actual anatomy. In fact, intraoperative sites at which stimulation evoked the same patient response exhibited a spatial variation of 10.7 +/- 0.7 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative MS imaging and intraoperative ECM show a favorable degree of quantitative correlation. Thus, MS imaging can be considered a valuable and accurate planning adjunct in the treatment of patients with intraaxial brain tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tubingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hagen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schiffbauer
authors.forename: Mitchel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freudenstein
authors.forename: Howard A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Rowley
authors.forename: Timothy P L
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D005073:Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D015173:Supratentorial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome