title: Treatment patterns and cost-of-illness of severe haemophilia in patients with inhibitors in Germany.
abstract: To evaluate current treatment patterns and resource utilization as well as related cost in the management of severe haemophilia patients with inhibitors in Germany, a cost-of-illness study was conducted. Generally, data were generated by structured literature search. Missing data were collected by expert interviews. All data were validated by a panel of German experts in haemophilia care. In Germany, immune tolerance therapy (ITT) is first-line therapy in inhibitor management for children in the initial year after inhibitor development, particularly for high responders (HR). In adult HR patients ITT is applied but to a remarkably lower extent than in children. To treat bleeding episodes, factor VIII (FVIII) is first-line therapy in low responders (LR). For paediatric HR patients, bleeds are mainly treated with recombinant FVIIa (rFVIIa). In adult HR patients, activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC) and rFVIIa are more equally distributed as treatment options. Treatment costs were calculated for paediatric patients (15 kg) and adult patients (75 kg) from third party payers' perspective. Cost for ITT ranges from Euro 70,290 (2 months; LR) to Euro 3 812,400 (24 months; with aPCC; HR) in a paediatric patient. For an adult patient ITT cost ranges from Euro 287,500 (6 months; LR) to Euro 17,253,000 (36 months; HR). For on average 12.5 acute bleeds, average annual treatment costs amount to Euro 77,000 for a child and Euro 354,000 for an adult. Assessing the results it has been taken into consideration that ITT can last longer and annual number of bleeds can be extremely higher than on average 12.5 episodes. This indicates more health care resource consumption in some patients.
authors.affiliation: Prof.-Hess-Kinderklinik, Zentrum für Kinderheilkunde und Jugendmedizin, Bremen, Germany. guenterauerswald@aol.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auerswald
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: von Depka Prondzinski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ehlken
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kreuz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurnik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lenk
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Scharrer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schramm
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D017281:Cost of Illness; D005167:Factor VII / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015942:Factor VIIa; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C025667:prothrombin complex concentrates; C078147:F8 protein, human; D005167:Factor VII; D005169:Factor VIII; C103587:recombinant FVIIa; D015942:Factor VIIa