title: Virtual endoscopy in renal artery stenosis: an innovative approach for diagnosis and follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the utility of virtual endoscopy (VE) as a diagnostic and follow-up tool in patients with renal artery stenosis, especially as a means of defining vascular patency.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed VE in 24 patients with ostial atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and correlated the results with those of conventional angiography. The patients were treated successfully by placement of metal stents and conventional catheter angiography and VE for patency assessment 6 and 12 months after stent insertion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients, the stenotic segment was identified, and VE findings were concordant with those of angiography. The average degree of stenosis was estimated to be 70% +/- 20% when angiography was used and 62% +/- 15% when VE was used. After metal stent insertion, the 12-month patency rate was 83.3% (20 patients). Angiography and VE findings remained concordant during the follow-up period, but VE provided more information beyond the stenotic segment, allowing examination of the arterial lumen both cephalad and caudal to the point of obstruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Virtual endoscopy provided a more dynamic, direct, minimally invasive approach that was equal to or better than angiography for both the verification of the vascular stenosis and the evaluation of the arterial lumen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Patras, School of Medicine, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Barbalias
authors.forename: Evangelos N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Liatsikos
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siablis
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Kagadis
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Petsas
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Athanassopoulos
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nikiforidis
authors.forename: Grannum
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sant
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014654:Vascular Patency