title: "Dormant" pulmonary vein conduction revealed by adenosine after ostial radiofrequency catheter ablation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endogenous nucleoside adenosine is an important intermediate in cellular metabolism, a regulator of function in many organ systems, and a pharmacologic agent with potent electrophysiologic effects. We studied the effects of adenosine on the activation of the pulmonary veins (PVs) after successful ostial isolation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine patients (21 male; mean age 54 +/- 10 years) with refractory highly symptomatic persistent (n = 9) or paroxysmal (n = 20) AF were included in the study. PV isolation was performed using radiofrequency catheter ablation guided by a multipolar basket catheter (Constellation, Boston Scientific). After successful PV isolation, we studied the effects of intravenous adenosine (12-18 mg) on activation of the upper PVs. A total of 83 PVs were successfully isolated. After adenosine, PV activity was recorded in 10 (34%) of 29 left upper PVs studied and in 3 (13%) of 24 right upper PVs, coupled to atrial activity for 20 +/- 7 seconds (adenosine positive). In 8 (62%) of 13 cases, PV potentials were recorded in the distal electrodes of the basket catheter only. Dissociated PV rhythms (N = 8) present after PV isolation disappeared after adenosine for 18 +/- 7 seconds, even if reconduction was missing. In 14 patients (48%), a second EP study was performed for recurrence of AF. Adenosine-positive PVs had a nonsignificant higher rate of recovery of conduction than adenosine-negative veins (71% vs 35%, P = 0.095).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adenosine induces transient conduction in 25% of PVs following successful isolation. Further studies are necessary to determine the physiologic or pathophysiologic role of adenosine-induced reconduction in human hearts or other organ systems.
authors.affiliation: Rhythmologie, Herz-Zentrum, Bad Krozingen, Germany. thomas.arentz@herzzentrum.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arentz
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Macle
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kalusche
authors.forename: Mélèze
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hocini
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jais
authors.forename: Dipen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haissaguerre
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000241:Adenosine