title: The beta(2)-adrenergic receptor Arg16-gly polymorphism and interactions involving beta(2)- and beta(3)-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms are associated with variations in longitudinal serum lipid profiles: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: We examined the effects of combined genotypes of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor (AR) Arg(16)-Gly and beta(3)-AR Trp(64)-Arg polymorphisms on longitudinal serum total (T-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) profiles in 1,198 subjects examined multiple times (6,488 observations) from 1973 to 1996 in the Bogalusa Heart Study, at ages from 4.5 to 38 years. Within 5-year age groups, T-C was significantly (P <.05) higher in beta(2)-AR Arg(16)/Arg(16) homozygotes than in Gly(16) carriers among those 4 to 8 (171.4 +/- 30.0 v 161.5 +/- 27.7 mg/dL), 9 to 13 (167.7 +/- 28.6 v 162.4 +/- 27.4 mg/dL), and 14 to 18 (158.8 +/- 29.6 v 154.7 +/- 27.5 mg/dL) years of age, but not in those 19 to 23, 24 to 28, 29 to 33, or 34 to 38 years of age. The beta(3)-AR polymorphism was not associated with variation in either T-C or LDL-C. In multilevel polynomial growth curve models, the combination of the beta(2)-AR Arg(16)/Arg(16) genotype with either the beta(3)-AR Arg(64)/Arg(64) or Trp(64)/Arg(64) genotypes, denoted AA/AX, was associated with variation in longitudinal T-C (P <.01) and LDL-C (P <.01) profiles. The association between combined beta(2)/beta(3)-AR genotype and lipid profiles differed among race/sex groups, being most marked in black females, in whom the AA/AX combination was associated with higher T-C and LDL-C profiles across all ages. In White males, the AA/AX combination was most strongly associated with higher lipids in adults. In black males and white females, lipid profiles differed little between genotype groups. Our findings suggest that the beta(2)-AR Arg(16)-Gly genotype influences T-C and LDL-C levels in an age-specific manner, that it may interact with beta(3)-AR Trp(64)-Arg genotypes to influence longitudinal T-C and LDL-C profiles, and that the effect of combined beta(2)/beta(3)-AR genotypes on T-C and LDL-C profiles may differ among race/sex groups.
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77225, USA.
authors.forename: D Michael
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hallman
authors.forename: Sathanur R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boerwinkle
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000465:Algorithms; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D044383:Black People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D017931:DNA Primers; D008055:Lipids; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D014280:Triglycerides