title: Prognostic analysis and complications of traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas after treatment with detachable balloon and/or coil embolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the causes of the formation of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas and the therapeutic effect of detachable balloon and/or coil embolization and the prevention of its complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October, 1992 to March, 2002, 17 patients with traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas were treated with detachable balloon and/or coil embolization in our hospital. The clinical data and imaging features of CT, MR and selective angiogram of these patients were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One week after treatment with embolization, the clinical symptoms of the 17 patients were remitted, and optic cacophony, nystagmus, exophthalmos and dropsy of conjunctiva disappeared. Two patients manifested surgical complications, one patient died. Sixteen patients survived. They were all followed up for more than 2 years, which showed one patient had handicap in movement, and in one patient the signs and symptoms of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas reoccurred 2 months after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The detachable balloon and/or coil embolization is safe and reliable. It is a good method to treat traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Nanshan, Shenzhen 518052, China. yangzhenjiu@163.com
authors.forename: Zhen-Jiu
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hong-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Liang-Gui
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jun-Ning
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jia-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xi-Wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Gong-Ren
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D002681:China; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000150:complications