title: Single-agent capecitabine in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of capecitabine, an oral fluoropyrimidine carbamate, is well documented in previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients (overall response rate: 25%). However, its efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) has not been determined. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and to identify the side-effects of capecitabine in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer showing progression despite 5-FU/LV-based combination chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one metastatic colorectal cancer patients who showed progressive disease in 5-FU/LV-containing regimens (median: two regimes) were treated with capecitabine 1,250 mg/m(2) twice daily (days 1-14 repeated every 3 weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only one partial response was observed (response rate: 2%). Twenty-seven patients (53%) showed stable disease after two cycles. The median time to disease progression of either a partial response or stable disease was 3.4 months. Hand-foot syndrome was the main toxicity of capecitabine and occurred in 35% of cases (grade 3 or 4 in 6%). The median number of cycles administered was two and the relative dose intensity of capecitabine was 80%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The response rate to capecitabine was low in metastatic colorectal cancers that were refractory to 5-FU/LV-containing chemotherapy. However, disease stabilization was seen in a significant number of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Jae Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae Min
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Su Jong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dong-Wan
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yo-han
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Joh
authors.forename: Do-Youn
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jung Hye
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Tae You
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Seog
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Yung-Jue
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Noe Kyeong
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069287:Capecitabine; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil