title: XPS characterization of surface films formed on surface-modified implant materials after cell culture.
abstract: Nitrogen ion-implanted Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Fe and 316 L stainless steel and nitrogen or carbon sputter-coated samples were inoculated with rat bone marrow. The interface between the cell layer and the substrata was studied by X-ray photo-electron spectrometry and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Ca and P were detected on all materials after in vitro cell culture. Titanium appears to be present mainly in the form of TiO2.
authors.affiliation: INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica/FEUP, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leitão
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Groot