title: Immunoglobulin GM genes and IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus in patients with systemic sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of GM and KM genes--genetic markers of immunoglobulin gamma and kappa chains, respectively--in humoral immunity to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 137 Caucasian patients with SSc and 145 ethnically matched controls were genotyped for GM f/3, z/17, n+/23+, n-/23-, KM 1, and KM 3 alleles by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct DNA sequencing methods. IgG antibodies to HCMV were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In SSc patients, GM f,z genotypes were strongly associated with the occurrence of anti-HCMV IgG antibodies. The frequency of the GM f homozygotes was lower (42.2 vs 62.2%; p= 0.02; OR=0.4) and the frequency of the GM f,z heterozygotes was higher (51.1 vs 26.7%; p = 0.006; OR = 2.8) in SSc patients with IgG antibodies to HCMV than in subjects who lacked these antibodies. This association was not observed in the control group. KM and GM n genotypes were not significantly associated with the prevalence of these antibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GM f,z alleles or alleles in linkage disequilibrium with them influence the generation of IgG antibodies to HCMV in patients with SSc.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. pandeyj@musc.edu
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007126:Immunoglobulin Allotypes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007129:Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007126:Immunoglobulin Allotypes; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007129:Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes; D007136:Immunoglobulins