title: Usefulness of contrast-enhanced perfusional sonography in the assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma hypervascular at spiral computed tomography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) relies strongly on the detection of hypervascularity in the arterial phase and, in this setting, spiral computed tomography (CT) is the most widely used method. This prospective study aimed to investigate the usefulness of low mechanical index harmonic ultrasound (US), using a second generation contrast-enhanced technique, in the assessment of vascular pattern of HCC shown to be hypervascular at spiral CT.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 79 cirrhotic patients with 103 nodules (mean+/-SD 28+/-13 mm) with arterial hypervascularity at spiral CT were studied. US examination was performed by perfusional sonography, using a new dedicated technology (CnTI-Esaote trade mark ), operating at low mechanical index, after injection of a second generation contrast agent (SonoVue trade mark -Bracco), allowing detection of tumoral flow during arterial phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Selective arterial enhancement on perfusional sonography was observed in 94 /103 nodules (91.3%), with a sensitivity of 66.6, 87.5, 91.7, and 97.3% in nodules </=1 cm, >1</=2 cm, >2</=3 cm, and >3 cm respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perfusional sonography shows good diagnostic agreement with spiral CT in hypervascular HCC and may be proposed for the immediate vascular characterization of nodules detected at US and used as second imaging technique to confirm hypervascularity in cirrhotic nodules.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy. sgaiani@med.unibo.it
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaiani
authors.forename: Natascia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Celli
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piscaglia
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cecilioni
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Losinno
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giangregorio
authors.forename: Mikaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pini
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fornari
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bolondi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media