title: Transmission of parentally shared human leukocyte antigen alleles and the risk of preterm delivery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to examine our hypothesis that the transmission of parentally shared human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles to offspring increases the risk of preterm delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based family study with participating children and their parents was conducted in Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, an integrated healthcare delivery system, in the Northern California Region. A total of 234 participants from 78 families with early preterm deliveries (35 weeks of gestation or greater) and 60 participants from 20 families with full-term births were included in the study. Buccal cells were collected from the first-born preterm cases and their parents to determine HLA-B (class I) and DRB1 (class II) types and the transmission of parental alleles to the offspring. The buccal samples were also collected from full-term deliveries to rule out possible segregation distortion at the studied HLA loci.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the expected transmission probability based on Mendel's laws (25%), transmission of parentally shared HLA-B or DRB1 alleles from both heterozygous parents to offspring (48% of 23 heterozygous parents) was associated with a more than 5-fold increased risk of preterm delivery (odds ratio 5.5; 95% confidence interval 1.2-51). Transmission of parentally shared HLA alleles from heterozygous mothers (83%) appears to be more important in the etiology of preterm delivery than transmission from fathers (57%). The transmission pattern of parentally shared HLA alleles in our full-term controls was almost identical to the expected pattern based on Mendel's laws and demonstrated no segregation distortion at those HLA loci.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence that the transmission of parentally shared HLA alleles may be an underlying mechanism for preterm delivery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California 94612, USA. dkl@dor.kaiser.org
authors.forename: De-Kun
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Odouli
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinson
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trachtenberg
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens