title: Exercise-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes depends on training status.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of training status on lymphocyte apoptosis as well as the expression of cell death receptors and ligands after a marathon run, and to compare these data with the alterations after treadmill exercise tests.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen volunteers successfully finished the 2002 Münster marathon. Venous blood samples were drawn before and 0, 3, and 24 h after the race. After cell isolation, cell-based apoptosis markers annexin V, Fas receptor, and Fas ligand were measured by flow cytometry. The same parameters were investigated in a group of 10 subjects before, and 0 and 1 h after both an exhaustive (ExT) and a low-intensity (LoT) treadmill test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of apoptotic cells after the marathon changed in a biphasic manner. An early increase 3 h after the run was followed by a significant decrease 1 d later. Interestingly, the increase in apoptotic cells was not observed in highly trained athletes, whereas it was significantly more pronounced in badly trained athletes. ExT induced a lymphocyte apoptosis similar to the marathon, whereas no change in apoptosis was observed after the LoT. Both Fas receptor and ligand were increased after the marathon with different kinetics. Whereas the Fas receptor peaked at 1 h, Fas ligand was increased 3 h after the run. After the treadmill tests Fas receptor expression was enhanced in both groups, whereas Fas ligand increased only after the ExT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endurance exercise like a marathon is able to induce apoptosis in lymphocytes. Thereby, apoptosis sensitivity seems to be related to training status in an inverse relationship. The increased expression levels of death receptors and ligands might indicate the high apoptosis inducing potential of this type of exercise.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany. mooren@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Mooren
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lechtermann
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Völker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017209:Apoptosis; D015444:Exercise; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019014:fas Receptor