title: Characteristics of recovery of adrenocortical function after treatment for Cushing's syndrome due to pituitary or adrenal adenomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical cure of Cushing's syndrome (CS) is followed by adrenocortical insufficiency, which may be long-lasting. The aim was to elucidate recovery of adrenocortical function, defined as a normal cortisol response to ACTH stimulation, and the relation to ACTH in patients cured for CS due to pituitary Cushing's disease (CD) or adrenal (AA) adenomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study including 32 patients considered surgically cured for CS (18 CD, 14 AA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve (67%) patients with CD recovered within median 24 months (range 7 months-4(1)/(2) years) whereas six did not recover within 3-12 years. Plasma ACTH (p-ACTH) at time of recovery was not different from p-ACTH in patients not recovering (P = 0.9). Eleven (79%) patients with AA recovered within 24 months (10 months-4 years) whereas three did not recover within 4-10 years. p-ACTH at time of recovery was higher compared to patients not recovering (P < 0.04). No differences were observed comparing CD and AA patients concerning preoperative 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion, postoperative unstimulated s-cortisol or recovery time. By contrast, p-ACTH measured at time of recovery was higher in AA compared to CD (median 12.3 vs. 4.6 pmol/l) (P < 0.001), whereas plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (p-DHEAS) was lower in AA compared to CD (median 300 vs. 1500 nmol/l) (P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recovery of secondary adrenal insufficiency is a slow process in both CD and AA. ACTH measured at time of recovery was significantly higher and DHEAS significantly lower in patients with AA compared to CD, which may suggest different mechanisms of the recovery process and different set points in the glucocorticoid feedback inhibition of ACTH secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Herlev University Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: Lars Østergaard
authors.initials: LØ
authors.lastname: Kristensen
mesh_terms: D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D000306:Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone