title: Tricyclic antidepressants, QT interval prolongation, and torsade de pointes.
abstract: The authors postulate mechanisms linking tricyclic antidepressants, QT interval prolongation, torsade de pointes, and sudden cardiac death. Case reports identify amitriptyline and maprotiline as the tricyclic antidepressants most likely to provoke torsade de pointes. Risk factors of family history of congenital long QT syndrome, age, female sex, metabolic and cardiovascular disease, metabolic inhibitors, hypokalemia, drug overdose, and co-prescription of drugs associated with QT interval prolongation were found in cases of torsade de pointes associated with tricyclic antidepressants. Clinicians should be cautious when prescribing tricyclic antidepressants with other drugs, such as thioridazine, that are capable of prolonging the QT interval.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Cardiology Division, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23238-5414, USA. vvieweg@vcu.edu
authors.forename: W Victor R
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Vieweg
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008376:Maprotiline / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D000639:Amitriptyline; D008376:Maprotiline; D013881:Thioridazine