title: Bladder management in persons with spinal cord lesion.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional clinical descriptive prevalence study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the methods of self-reported bladder management, the frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI) and subjective disturbance of bladder problems of all those individuals with traumatic spinal cord lesion (SCL) living in Helsinki area.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Helsinki, Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 152 persons with SCL were found in the Helsinki area (546 000 inhabitants). A structured questionnaire was sent to all subjects and they were invited to a clinical visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final study-group consisted of 129 (85%) subjects. They were defined into seven specific subgroups of bladder management: 14 (11%) subjects in the normal voiding group, 15 (12%) in the controlled voiding group, 16 (12%) in the clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) group, 30 (23%) in the mixed group, 31 (24%) in the suprapubic tapping group, 16 (12%) in the compression or straining group and seven (5%) in the catheter or conduit group. The frequency of UTI was highest in the mixed group. The bladder management was a biggest bother to the subjects in the compression or straining group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prevalence study assesses the self-reported bladder management methods in all the persons with traumatic SCL in the Helsinki area. The subjects who used CIC and other methods for bladder management had more problems than others. These subjects might manage better by using either CIC or suprapubic tapping as the only method for bladder emptying.
authors.affiliation: Käpylä Rehabilitation Centre, Finnish Association of People with Mobility Disabilities, Nordenskiöldinkatu 18B, PO Box 103, 00251 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahlberg
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Perttilä
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wuokko
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ala-Opas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003559:Cystostomy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014563:Urodynamics