Cancer immunotherapy: breaking the barriers to harvest the crop.
Successful translation of modern molecular immunology into effective cancer immunotherapy is threatened by regulatory barriers and challenges to the development of novel agents and combinatorial strategies through effective public-private partnerships. For its promise to be fully realized, both the National Cancer Institute and Food and Drug Administration must take active steps to help academic investigators and companies jointly navigate the pathways from laboratory to clinic.
Pardoll
Drew
D
Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. dmpardol@jhmi.edu
Allison
James
J
D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000486:Allergy and Immunology / Q000639:trends*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004345:Drug Industry; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
D004338:Drug Combinations