title: Chloride-selective membrane electrodes and optodes based on an indium(III) porphyrin for the determination of chloride in a sequential injection analysis system.
abstract: Two quasi-independent methods for potentiometric and optical determination of chloride were simultaneously implemented in a flow system, providing real-time assessment of the quality of results. A potentiometric and an optical polymeric membrane doped with the same indium(III) octaethyl-porphyrin were used as sensor ionophore. The working mechanism and the analytical characteristics of these porphyrin-based sensors with respect to dynamic range, selectivity, repeatability and lifetime are discussed. These sensors, utilised as detectors in a flow system, were applied for the analysis of chloride in pharmaceutical solutions. The quality of the results obtained was evaluated by comparison with those provided by the reference method and no significant statistical differences at the 95% confidence level were observed. The simultaneous attainment of two measurements permitted the standardisation of results in real time and the detection of failures in the procedure.
authors.affiliation: REQUIMTE, Dep. Química-Física, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Aníbal Cunha, 164, 4050 Porto, Portugal.
authors.forename: Adriana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pimenta
authors.forename: Alberto N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Maria Conceição B S M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.forename: Celio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pasquini
authors.forename: Jarbas J R
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rohwedder
authors.forename: Ivo M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Raimundo
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods; D017736:Ion-Selective Electrodes; D007476:Ionophores; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride; D011199:Potentiometry / Q000379:methods; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D007476:Ionophores; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; C469786:indium(III) octaethylporphyrin; D011143:Polyvinyl Chloride