title: Variations in content and structure of glycosaminoglycans of the vitreous gel from different mammalian species.
abstract: The vitreous of all species is composed of essentially the same type of extracellular matrix macromolecules organized to a transparent gel. In this study, the composition and fi ne chemical structure of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the vitreous gel from sheep and goat were determined and compared with those of human and pig vitreous gels. The results showed that, in all examined species; hyaluronan (HA) was the predominant GAG, whereas chondroitin sulphate (CS) was the minor one. In the vitreous gel of the most relative species, i.e. sheep and goat, higher amounts of both of HA and CS were estimated as compared with pig and human tissues. The distribution of hydrodynamic sizes of HA and CS was significantly differed among different species. All HA preparations consisted of molecules with great variability in hydrodynamic sizes. The relative proportions of the large HA molecules (size >1.8 x 10(6) kDa) were significantly higher in sheep and goat as compared with human and pig vitreous gel. The length of CS chains was also of larger size in sheep and goat (50 and 58 kDa, respectively) than the respective chains in human and pig vitreous gel (38 and 28 kDa, respectively). The sulphation patterns of CS preparations were determined following enzymic treatments, HPLC and capillary electrophoretic analyses. The human vitreous-derived CS chains showed quite different sulphation profile than that of CS isolated from other species, since 4-sulphated disaccharides were identified as the dominant moiety. In conclusion, significant compositional and structural variations between the vitreous matrixes of different species at the GAG level were identified. The functional significance of these species-dependent variations is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Natural Products, Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Patras 26110 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Argiris V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Noulas
authors.forename: Spyros S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Skandalis
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Feretis
authors.forename: Dimitrios A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Theocharis
authors.forename: Nikos K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Karamanos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D006041:Goats; D006801:Humans; D012756:Sheep; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D006025:Glycosaminoglycans