title: Mechanical and structural characteristics of commercially pure grade 2 Ti welds and solder joints.
abstract: This study aimed at determining whether data previously gathered for a laser welds and IR brazings using a Au-Pd alloy were applicable to titanium joints. As to its resistance under fatigue loading, Au-Pd alloy had shown a poor response to pre-ceramic laser welding and post-ceramic brazing. The present study was designed to assess the mechanical resistance, the microstructure and the elemental diffusion of laser welded, electric arch welded and brazed joints using commercially pure titanium as substrate metal. Mechanical resistance was determined by determining the joints' ultimate tensile strength and their resistance to fatigue loading. Elemental diffusion to and from the joints was assessed using microprobe tracings. Optical micrographs of the joints were also obtained and evaluated. Under monotonic tensile stress, three groups emerged: (1) the GTAW and the native (i.e. as received) substrate, (2) the annealed substrate and the laser welds and (3) the brazed joints. Under fatigue stress, the order was: first the native and annealed substrate, second the brazings and laser welds, third the GTAW joints. No Au-filler brazing withstood the applied fatigue loading. The micrographs showed various patterns, an absence of HAZ cracking and several occurrences of Widmanstätten structures. Elemental diffusion to and from the Ti substrate was substantial in the Ti filler brazings and virtually nil in the Au-based brazings. Under fatigue stress application, the titanium-based brazings as well as the laser- and electric arc welds performed equally well if not better than a previously tested AuPd alloy. There was a definite increase in grain size with increased heat application. However, no feature of the microstructures observed or the elemental analysis could be correlated with the specimen's resistance to fatigue stress application.
authors.affiliation: Division of Fixed Prosthodontics, University of Geneva, School of Dentistry, 19, rue Barthélemy-Menn, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland. anselm@wiskott.com
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Anselm Wiskott
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Doumas
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Scherrer
authors.forename: U C
authors.initials: UC
authors.lastname: Belser
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Susz