title: CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains may influence the natural history of atherosclerotic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that infection with virulent cytotoxin-associated gene-A (CagA)-bearing Helicobacter pylori strains influences the atherosclerotic process and the clinical course in atherosclerotic stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  ELISA was used to assess the seroprevalence of infection by H. pylori and CagA-positive strains in 185 patients. Intima-media thickness (IMT) was determined by Doppler ultrasound. Baseline, 1-week, and 1-month NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were used to evaluate the short-term clinical course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori infection was found in 79% of patients; 58% of these tested positive for CagA. IMT was higher among CagA-positive patients than among CagA-negative ones (1.13 +/- 0.26 mm vs 0.97 +/- 0.15 mm; univariate analysis, p = 0.0001; multivariate analysis, odds ratio [OR], 2.36; 95% CI, 1.57 to 3.54; p = 0.0001) or H. pylori-negative ones (1.01 +/- 0.17 mm; univariate analysis, p = 0.007; multivariate analysis, OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.22 to 2.97; p = 0.005). CagA-positive patients had poorer initial outcomes based on serial measurements of the NIHSS score (repeated measures analysis of variance, p < 0.0001). No significant difference in IMT and NIHSS score was found between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infection with cytotoxin-associated gene-A-positive Helicobacter pylori strains in atherosclerotic stroke patients is associated with greater intima-media thickness and poorer short-term outcome compared with cytotoxin-associated gene-A-negative patients.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Neurologica, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81-00133 Rome, Italy. Marina.Diomedi@uniroma2.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diomedi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pietroiusti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Silvestrini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rizzato
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cupini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magrini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galante
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernardi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D002097:C-Reactive Protein