title: Increased cholecystokinin release in the rat anterior cingulate cortex during carrageenan-induced arthritis.
abstract: Several human and animal studies indicate that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays an important role in the affective component of pain. The neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) is especially abundant in the ACC. CCK has been suggested to be involved in the mediation of anxiety and in the modulation of opioid effects in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata. However, its possible role in pain transmission or modulation in the brain is far less clear. In this study, a model of subchronic inflammatory pain in rats, carrageenan-induced monoarthritis, was used to study the effect of pain on the release of CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-LI) in the ACC. Pain-related behaviour quantified by weight bearing and stance scoring, as well as inflammation measured by ankle oedema, was increased for at least 24 h after carrageenan injection with a maximum at 5 h. Using microdialysis in freely moving rats, extracellular concentrations of CCK-LI was measured in the ACC during a time period when the animals showed significant pain behaviour. In animals with carrageenan-induced arthritis, both basal and potassium-evoked release of CCK-LI were significantly increased compared to controls. HPLC analysis of dialysates from the ACC during potassium stimulation showed that the main part of the immunoreactive material was sulphated CCK-8. Because CCK has been implicated in anxiety, we suggest that an altered CCK-ergic activity in the ACC may be of importance for the affective component of pain, but an involvement in the modulation of nociception is also possible.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacological Pain Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz v 2, Stockholm S-171 77, Sweden. umut.erel@fyfa.ki.se
authors.forename: Umut
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Erel
authors.forename: Lotta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arborelius
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brodin
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001168:Arthritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002351:Carrageenan; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013997:Time Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing
chemical_list: D002351:Carrageenan; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium