title: Nickel, lead, and cadmium induce differential cellular responses in sea urchin embryos by activating the synthesis of different HSP70s.
abstract: Treatment with heavy metals, such as nickel, lead or cadmium, elicits different cellular stress responses according to the metal used and the length of treatment. In Paracentrotus lividus embryos the inducible forms of HSP70 (HSP70/72) are different in molecular mass from the constitutively expressed HSP75, and they can be used as markers of cellular stress. Even a short treatment with each metal induces the synthesis of HSP70/72 which remain stable for at least 20h and differ little in their isoelectric points. Continuous treatment from fertilization with nickel or lead produces late irregular pluteus embryos, with peak HSP70/72 synthesis at blastula followed by the arrest of synthesis by pluteus. On the contrary, the same treatment with cadmium induces continuous HSP70/72 synthesis and produces irregular gastrula embryos which then degenerate. Moreover, a long treatment induces over control embryos a slight increase in the amount of constitutive HSP75 during development while lead treatment depresses constitutive HSP75 at early stages and doubles its quantity at late stages.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Palermo, Italy.
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geraci
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinsino
authors.forename: Guiseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turturici
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Savona
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giudice
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sconzo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005775:Gastrula / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects; D007700:Kinetics; D007854:Lead / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000494:pharmacology; D008715:Methionine / Q000378:metabolism; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D009532:Nickel; D008715:Methionine