title: The caries-preventive potential of subablative Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser radiation in an intraoral model: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sub-ablative Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser radiation on the demineralization of human dental enamel in situ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen enamel specimens were prepared to this end, nine of which were irradiated at 8 J/cm(2) with the Er:YSGG laser and nine at 6 J/cm(2) with the Er:YAG laser (125 pulses per surface). Each test surface was assigned a control surface on the same specimen. Three healthy volunteers from each group subsequently wore three enamel specimens in situ for a period of 1 week. The demineralization was assessed by determining the surface microhardness according to Knoop (KH) before and after wearing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before wearing, the mean surface hardness measured on the control surfaces was 233 (SD 99) KH (CYSGG) and 162 (SD 59) KH (CYAG). After sub-ablative laser irradiation, the surface hardness values measured were already found to be lower compared to the untreated control surfaces (YSGG: 195 [SD 110] KH/YAG: 112 [SD 72] KH). Marked demineralization was observed on the control surfaces after 1 week of wearing in situ (CYSGG*: 60 [SD 57] KH; CYAG*: 53 [SD 9] KH). After wearing, the hardness on the irradiated test surfaces was ErYSGG*: 133 [SD 58] KH and ErYAG*: 89 [SD 28] KH, and was thus higher than on the control surfaces.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate a tendency towards increased caries resistance following sub-ablative erbium laser irradiation. However, in an analysis of variance model with repeated measures, the tendency in this study failed to reach statistical significance (alpha = 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany. capel@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Apel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Birker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meister
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gutknecht
mesh_terms: D003731:Dental Caries / Q000517:prevention & control; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003747:Dental Enamel Solubility / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009354:Neodymium; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D009354:Neodymium