title: Impaired superoxide radical production by bronchoalveolar lavage cells from NO(2)-exposed rats.
abstract: Production of superoxide radicals is a central property of professional phagocytes used to combat invading microorganisms. Even though the number of macrophages and neutrophils is often increased in the lungs of patients with chronic lung diseases, these patients frequently suffer from bacterially induced exacerbations. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the production of superoxide radicals by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells in a rat NO(2) exposure model (10 ppm NO(2) for 1, 3, or 20 days). We showed that cells from NO(2)-exposed animals display a significantly impaired superoxide radical release after zymosan stimulation. The use of specific inhibitors (antimycin or diphenyleneiodonium [DPI]) revealed that the major enzyme systems, NADPH oxidase and complex III of the respiratory chain, are affected. In addition, we investigated gene expression and enzyme activities of antioxidant enzymes. mRNA expression was significantly enhanced for glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-3 and CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) in BAL cells from animals exposed 3 and 20 days, and GPx and SOD enzyme activities were increased in BAL cells from rats exposed 20 days. In conclusion, concomitant occurrence of reduced production and increased scavenging of superoxide radicals resulted in the drastically impaired release of these radicals from BAL cells of NO(2)-exposed rats.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olker
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siese
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stumpf
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Diethard
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gemsa
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013481:Superoxides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D013481:Superoxides; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide