title: Sterol-responsive element-binding protein (SREBP) 2 down-regulates ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in vascular endothelial cells: a novel role of SREBP in regulating cholesterol metabolism.
abstract: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a pivotal regulator of cholesterol efflux from cells to apolipoproteins, whereas sterol-responsive element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) is the key protein regulating cholesterol synthesis and uptake. We investigated the regulation of ABCA1 by SREBP2 in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Our results showed that sterol depletion activated SREBP2 and increased its target, low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA, with a concurrent decrease in the ABCA1 mRNA. Transient transfection analysis revealed that sterol depletion decreased the ABCA1 promoter activity by 50%, but low density lipoprotein receptor promoter- and the sterol-responsive element-driven luciferase activities were increased. Overexpression of the N terminus of SREBP2 (SREBP2(N)), an active form of SREBP2, also inhibited the ABCA1 promoter activity. Functionally adenovirus-mediated SREBP2(N) expression increased cholesterol accumulation and decreased apoA-I-mediated cholesterol efflux. The conserved E-box motif was responsible for the SREBP2(N)-mediated inhibition since mutation of the E-box increased the basal activity of the ABCA1 promoter and abolished the inhibitory effect of SREBP2(N). Furthermore sterol depletion and SREBP2(N) overexpression induced the binding of SREBP2(N) to both consensus and ABCA1-specific E-box. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that serum starvation enhanced the association of SREBP2 and the ABCA1 promoter in ECs. To correlate this mechanism pathophysiologically, we found that oscillatory flow caused the activation of SREBP2 and therefore attenuated ABCA1 promoter activity in ECs. Thus, this SREBP-regulated mechanism may control the efflux of cholesterol, which is a newly defined function of SREBP2 in ECs in addition to its role in cholesterol uptake and biosynthesis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Lingfang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Hailing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tzong-Shyuan
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Minjia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Stemerman
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: John Y-J
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Shyy
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009991:Oscillometry; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D013261:Sterols / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C497390:SREBF2 protein, human; D051782:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; D013261:Sterols; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002784:Cholesterol