title: Thickness and compositional effects on surface heating rate of bologna during in-package pasteurization.
abstract: The surface heating rate (gamma) and final surface temperature (alpha) during in-package pasteurization were determined for different thickness levels of 2 types of bologna having different (13 and 18%) fat contents. Three thicknesses (4, 12, and 20 mm), corresponding to 1, 3, and 5 slices of bologna, were vacuum-packaged separately in a clear polymer pouch after placing a thermocouple on the surface. Refrigerated samples were immersed in a water bath set to 1 of 4 predetermined temperatures (60, 70, 80, and 90 degrees C), and time and temperature data were recorded for 10 min. Surface heating rate was fastest in the thinnest (4 mm) and slowest in the thickest (20 mm) samples for all 4 temperatures. Surface heating rate was slower in bologna with the higher fat content compared with the lower fat bologna. Final surface temperature attained after 3 min was lower with increased thickness levels for all temperatures. Thus, meat sample thickness and fat content significantly affect surface heating rate and final surface temperature during in-package pasteurization of bologna.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mangalassary
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rieck
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D018857:Food Packaging; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D008461:Meat Products / Q000032:analysis*; D013552:Swine; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D005223:Fats