title: Esophageal atresia and other visceral anomalies in a modified Adriamycin rat model and their correlations with amniotic fluid volume variations.
abstract: The Adriamycin rat model (ARM) has been used to produce visceral malformations in fetuses to explain the mechanisms of foregut division. The models vary in the dosage of Adriamycin (ADR) and in the number of applications. Our study of a modified ARM using 2.2 mg/kg of ADR for 2 days only, intraperitoneally in pregnant rats, is presented. A total of 81 fetuses were obtained with this model from the ADR group, 74 (91%) alive. Uretero-hydronephrosis (UHN) was observed in 70 fetuses (95%), esophageal atresia (EA) in 68 (92%), duodenal atresia (DA) in 68 (92%), bladder hypoplasia (BH) in 67 (90%), plus other malformations. In evaluating amniotic fluid (AF) volume of the fetuses with EA with tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) (group I) and EA without TEF (group II), both associated with bilateral UHN when compared with the control group (group III), groups I and II showed higher AF volume in groups I and II than the control group (group III) did ( p=0.0001). In conclusion, ARM was adequate to produce EA and other visceral malformations. The use of ADR in a higher dosage for a shorter period of time produced better results than those presented in previous literature. The increase of AF volume obtained in fetuses presenting EA plus bilateral UHN strongly suggests, despite ureteral dilatation (urinary obstruction), that a malformed communication may exist between the urinary system and the amniotic cavity, permitting the existence of polyhydramnios that is due to digestive obstruction such as EA and DA.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Division/Department of Surgery of the Medical Science Faculty, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, R. da Pavuna, 20 Souzas Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. willy@proinfancia.com.br
authors.forename: Willy M G
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: França
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Suzana G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Luis A V
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Lourenço
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sbragia
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D000818:Animals; D004065:Digestive System Abnormalities / Q000139:chemically induced; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004933:Esophageal Atresia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013723:Teratogens; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D013723:Teratogens; D004317:Doxorubicin