title: The surgical and oncological safety of immediate breast reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to (1) examine the incidence of surgical complications, (2) determine the incidence of loco-regional recurrences and (3) examine the safety of saving the nipple-areola-complex after immediate breast reconstructions in breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six immediate breast reconstructions were performed. Wide local excision (WLE), skin sparing mastectomy and subcutaneous mastectomy (SCM) were performed to 12, 20 and 34 patients, respectively. In all patients with WLE the reconstruction was performed with the latissimus dorsi (LD) miniflap. In other patients reconstructions were done with a free TRAM-flap (n=26) LD-flap (n=27) or with a prosthesis only (n=1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Major flap necrosis developed in four patients. Local recurrence rate was 8.3% in the group where nipple-areola-complex was removed and 7.1% in the group where nipple-areola-complex was saved. Metastases were found in 12.5 and 0%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCM compared to skin sparing mastectomy may lead to an enhanced risk of immediate surgical complications, but does not threat the oncological safety. Saving the nipple-areola-complex in immediate breast reconstructions is possible in early breast cancer, if the tumour is not in the central part of the breast.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, Fin-70211 Kuopio, Finland. paula_k.mustonen@kuh.fi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lepistö
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pietiläinen
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kataja
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Härmä
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D015414:Mastectomy, Subcutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology