title: Composite articular cartilage engineered on a chondrocyte-seeded aliphatic polyurethane sponge.
abstract: To circumvent the reconstructive disadvantages inherent in resorbable polyglycolic acid (PGA)/polylactic acid (PLA) used in cartilage engineering, a nonresorbable, and nonreactive polyurethane sponge (Tecoflex sponge, TS) was studied as both a cell delivery device and as an internal support scaffolding. The in vitro viability and proliferation of porcine articular chondrocytes (PACs) in TS, and the in vivo generation of new articular cartilage and long-term resorption, were examined. The initial cell attachment rate was 40%, and cell density increased more than 5-fold after 12 days of culture in vitro. PAC-loaded TS blocks were implanted into nude mice, became opalescent, and resembled native cartilage at weeks 12 and 24 postimplantation. The mass and volume of newly formed cartilage were not significantly different at week 24 from samples harvested at week 6 or week 12. Safranin O-fast green staining revealed that the specimens from cell-loaded TS groups at week 12 and week 24 consisted of mature cartilage. Collagen typing revealed that type II collagen was present in all groups of tissue-engineered cartilage. In conclusion, the implantation of PAC-TS resulted in composite tissue-engineered articular cartilage with TS as an internal support. Long-term observation (24 weeks) of mass and volume showed no evidence of resorption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257, USA.
authors.forename: Yanchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Kelly R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kirker
authors.forename: Nicole J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Bernshaw
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tresco
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Glenn D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Prestwich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D021522:Bioartificial Organs; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D011140:Polyurethanes; C062725:Tecoflex