title: Respiratory motion of the heart from free breathing coronary angiograms.
abstract: Respiratory motion compensation for cardiac imaging requires knowledge of the heart's motion and deformation during breathing. This paper presents a method for measuring the natural tidal respiratory motion of the heart from free breathing coronary angiograms. A three-dimensional (3-D) deformation field describing the cardiac and respiratory motion of the coronary arteries is recovered from a biplane acquisition. A cardiac respiratory parametric model is formulated and used to decompose the deformation field into cardiac and respiratory components. Angiograms from ten patients were analyzed. A 3-D translation motion model was sufficient for describing the motion of the heart in only two patients. For all patients, the heart translated caudally (mean, 4.9+/-1.9 mm; range, 2.4 to 8.0 mm) and underwent a cranio-dorsal rotation (mean, 1.5 degrees+/-0.9 degrees; range, 0.2 degrees to 3.5 degrees) during inspiration. In eight patients, the heart also translated anteriorly (mean, 1.3+/-1.8 mm; range, -0.4 to 5.1 mm) and rotated in a caudo-dextral direction (mean, 1.2 degrees+/-1.3 degrees; range, -1.9 degrees to 3.2 degrees).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. guy@jhu.edu
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shechter
authors.forename: Cengizhan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Jon R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Resar
authors.forename: Elliot R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: McVeigh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012119:Respiration; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity