title: Xenobiotic substances such as PCB mixtures (Aroclor 1254) and TBT can influence swimming behavior and biotransformation activity (GST) of carp (Cyprinus carpio).
abstract: Different groups of carp were treated with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) or tributyltin (TBT), and possible effects of the chemicals on the swimming behavior of the carp were examined using the BehavioQuant system. By evaluating quantitative behavioral parameters of the animals, it became evident that exposure to high concentrations of chemicals (organotin, 7 microg L(-1), or polychlorinated biphenyl, 22 microg L(-1)) severely affected the carp, causing a significant change in their swimming speed. TBT stress led to a rapid decrease in mean swimming activity. A decrease in the preferred swimming depth was observed in TBT- and PCB-exposed fish. Animals exposed to PCB reduced their mean daily activity and increased their mean swimming speed in the nighttime during the second week of exposure. Therefore, our findings imply that the fish were adapted to cope with the chemicals after the second week of exposure. Furthermore, our results showed that low concentrations (TBT, 0.3 and 2 microg L(-1), or PCB, 14 microg L(-1)) did not significantly alter any quantified parameters of swimming behavior. In addition, the direct effects of chemicals on enzyme activity (GST) were determined. Measurement of soluble glutathione-S-transferase activity of fish liver or gills showed a significant elevation after exposure to PCB (0.1 or 22 microg L(-1)) or TBT (0.8 or 7 microg L(-1)). We had to conclude that the two different end points tested generally are useful as biomarkers of exposure and for investigations of energy resources in organisms under the influence of toxic stress.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. schmidt@igb-berlin.de
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Christian E W
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pflugmacher
authors.forename: Georg B O
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Staaks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000502:physiology; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020111:Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) / Q000494:pharmacology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005880:Gills / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D015262:Xenobiotics; D020111:Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine); C011559:tributyltin; D005982:Glutathione Transferase