title: Recombinant factor VIIa for refractory bleeding following orthotopic heart transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of successful use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) for the treatment of refractory bleeding in a patient undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 57-year-old white male with idiopathic cardiomyopathy was taken to the operating room for explantation of his left-ventricular assist device and orthotopic heart transplantation. He experienced excessive generalized oozing that required transfusions of multiple units of blood products and significant amounts of Cellsaver (washed red blood cells via autotransfusion) without achieving adequate hemostasis. After ruling out any obvious surgical sources of bleeding and attempting to correct all coagulation deficiencies, the clinicians administered rFVIIa 90 microg/kg. The oozing rapidly declined to a negligible level, chest tubes and sternal wires were placed, and the chest was closed. The patient was on minimal inotropic support and was transferred to the intensive care unit in stable condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac surgery is often associated with significant disruption of the coagulation system, particularly in high-risk patients, such as those undergoing removal of a ventricular assist device and subsequent orthotopic heart transplantation. This can lead to life-threatening bleeding that can require multiple hemostatic agents and significant transfusions to restore hemostasis. Recently, rFVIIa has been utilized as an alternative to massive transfusion for treatment of refractory bleeding in several patient populations, including some cardiac surgery patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  rFVIIa appears to be a viable option as rescue therapy for treatment of refractory bleeding following orthotopic heart transplantation. Despite the anecdotal success of rFVIIa in this setting, further clinical research is needed.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA. jdflyn0@email.uky.edu
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: Mehrnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pajoumand
authors.forename: Phillip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Camp
authors.forename: M Salik
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jahania
authors.forename: Chand
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ramaiah
authors.forename: Wendell S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Akers
mesh_terms: D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D005167:Factor VII / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015942:Factor VIIa; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005167:Factor VII; C103587:recombinant FVIIa; D015942:Factor VIIa