title: Plasma adiponectin and serum advanced glycated end-products increase and plasma lipid concentrations decrease with increasing duration of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively follow the concentrations of plasma adiponectin (p-adiponectin) and serum advanced glycation end-products (s-AGE) in relation to plasma lipids and retinopathy over 3 years in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  P-adiponectin, s-AGE, plasma lipids and diabetic retinopathy were prospectively evaluated in 61 type 2 diabetic patients at baseline and at follow up 3 years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean p-adiponectin (from 8.84+/-5.14 to 11.05+/-6.16 microg/ml; P=0.006) and s-AGE (from 637+/-242 to 781+/-173 ng/ml; P<0.0001) concentrations had increased at follow up. In addition, HbA1c (7.7+/-1.7 to 7.4+/-1.4%; P=0.0045) and fasting C-peptide (1.00+/-0.38 to 0.81+/-0.35 nM; P=0.019) had decreased and all lipid variables had significantly improved at follow up. P-adiponectin correlated inversely with fasting C-peptide (r(s)=-0.273; P=0.045) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (r(s)=-0.362; P=0.011), and directly with plasma HDL cholesterol (r(s)=0.381; P=0.005) at follow up. Analysis of variance with adiponectin and s-AGE as dependent variables and fasting C-peptide, plasma HDL and plasma LDL cholesterol as covariates demonstrated that the increase in s-AGE was independent (P=0.001) and the increase in p-adiponectin dependent on covariate changes (P=0.862). There was a slight correlation between s-AGE at baseline versus the degree of retinopathy at follow up (r(s)=0.281; P=0.0499).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both p-adiponectin and s-AGE increased during the 3 years. The increase in p-adiponectin was explained by improvements in insulin sensitivity and dyslipidaemia, whereas the increase in s-AGE was independent of changes in metabolic covariates. s-AGE increase when the duration of type 2 diabetes increases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Diseases, Malmo University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gottsäter
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Szelag
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kangro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wroblewski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sundkvist
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D000368:Aged; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D002096:C-Peptide; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D011506:Proteins