title: Flexible ureterorenoscopy: prospective analysis of the Guy's experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our outcomes with small diameter, actively deflectable flexible ureterorenoscopy from a prospective database.
  
  
  METHODS
  114 flexible ureterorenoscopies were performed in 105 patients (mean age, 49.5 years; range, 19-85 years; 71 males, 34 females) over a 9-month period. Of these, 101 were for refractory stones following failed ESWL and 13 for diagnostic reasons. An Olympus URF P3 flexible ureteroscope with pressure irrigation was used. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy was used to fragment stones and the fragments were retrieved with Graspit, triradiate graspers or tipless baskets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stents had previously been placed in 53% and dilatation of the ureteric orifice was necessary in 15%. In the stone group, the median operating time was 55 min (range, 15-210 min) and the median screening time 2.2 min (range, 0.3-9.1 min). Success was defined as complete stone clearance or good fragmentation to 2 mm or less. Overall success in this group was 72.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between lower and other calyces (P=0.83 Chi-square test). Successful outcome was achieved in 72% for stone size 10 mm or less, 80% for 11-20 mm and 50% for greater than 20 mm. Two or more procedures were needed in 8 patients. In the diagnostic group, the median operating time was 45 min (range, 20-60 min) and the median screening time 2 min (range, 0.3-8.3 min). The majority were for upper tract filling defects. Access and successful diagnosis was achieved in all cases. The major complication rate was 2.6%. The ureteroscope needed repair once during this series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flexible ureterorenoscopy is an effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool in a select group of patients. It should be considered for ESWL-resistant upper tract stones but the results are poor in stones larger than 20 mm and percutaneous nephrolithotomy may be a better option in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Endo-urology Unit, Guys and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK. prokarurol@aol.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cynk
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bultitude
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Tiptaft
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D020709:Ureteroscopes; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data