title: Severe hypercalcemia in a child with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: the role of parathyroid hormone-related protein and proinflammatory cytokines.
abstract: Among the hematological malignancies, hypercalcemia has often been reported in lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma, but it has only rarely been described in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. We describe here a 14-month-old girl with acute monocytic leukemia complicated by severe hypercalcemia (4.6 mmol/l) at presentation. A bone survey showed generalized bone resorption, but no localized osteolytic lesions. A search for the etiology of the hypercalcemia revealed that the serum levels of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and also proinflammatory cytokines with stimulatory effects on osteolytic bone resorption - TNF-alpha, IL-6 and M-CSF - were elevated. The patient achieved complete remission with induction chemotherapy, and the levels of PTHrP and the cytokines became normalized. In this case, PTHrP and cytokines might have acted cooperatively to exacerbate bone resorption, resulting in severe hypercalcemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Japan. nami@mail.wakayama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kounami
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Chisako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aoyagi
authors.forename: Norishige
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D007223:Infant; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000097:blood*; D011859:Radiography; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor