title: [The results of intramedullary fixation with titanium elastic nails in children with femoral fractures].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated clinical and radiologic results of intramedullary fixation with titanium elastic nails (TEN) in children with femoral fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 35 femoral fractures of 34 patients (20 boys, 14 girls; mean age 8.3 years; range 5 to 14 years) who were treated by intramedullary fixation with TEN. The results were evaluated according to the scoring system proposed by Flynn et al. Time to union and residual angulations were assessed on anteroposterior and mediolateral radiographs. Femoral anteversion angles and limb lengths were measured in comparison with the normal side by computed tomography (CT) in 14 patients and the results were compared using the Wilcoxon test. The mean follow-up period was 28 months (range 4 to 48 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to the criteria by Flynn et al., the results were excellent in 25 fractures (71.4%), successful in nine fractures (25.7%), and poor in one fracture (2.9%). The mean time to union was 7.4 weeks (range 5 to 12 weeks). Mediolateral and anteroposterior radiographs showed an angulation of 10 degrees or less in three fractures and of 8 degrees in one fracture, respectively. Limb length discrepancy of less than 2 cm was detected in seven patients (20.6%). Femoral anteversion angles measured by CT revealed significant retroversions on the fractured sides (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intramedullary fixation with TEN may be the preferred method for the treatment of femoral fractures in children aged 5 to 15 years. However, residual rotation detected by CT seems to be a technical challenge to be improved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Turkey.
authors.forename: Memduh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heybeli
authors.forename: Hasan Hilmi
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Muratli
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Celebi
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gülçek
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biçimoğlu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D014025:Titanium; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium