title: Parallel imaging and diffusion tensor imaging for diffusion-weighted MRI of the liver: preliminary experience in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to determine whether parallel imaging and diffusion tensor imaging affect the measurement of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) during diffusion-weighted MRI of the liver in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed breath-hold single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted MRI of the liver in 10 healthy volunteers using conventional diffusion, conventional diffusion with parallel imaging, and diffusion tensor with parallel imaging sequences. TE values for the three sequences were 83, 74, and 63, respectively. Liver signal intensity was measured on all sequences and normalized to the SD of the measurement. Hepatic ADC was calculated by acquiring all sequences with b values of 0 and 500 sec/mm(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The normalized liver signal intensity was higher on diffusion tensor with parallel imaging and conventional diffusion with parallel imaging than on conventional diffusion without parallel imaging for a b value of 500 sec/mm(2) (13.0 and 10.1 vs 9.1, respectively; p < 0.03) and for a b value of 0 sec/mm(2) (9.0 and 7.6 vs 6.9, respectively; without reaching a significant difference, p = 0.12). Hepatic ADC was not significantly different between sequences (p = 0.16).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher signal intensity can be obtained when using parallel imaging and diffusion tensor imaging during diffusion-weighted MRI of the liver without compromising hepatic ADC measurement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. bachir.taouli@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Bachir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taouli
authors.forename: Alastair J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Aliya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qayyum
authors.forename: Raphael B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Merriman
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vigneron
authors.forename: Benjamin M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Fergus V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Coakley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies