title: Efficacy of modest dose irradiation in combination with long-term endocrinal treatment for high-risk prostate cancer: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although radiotherapy in combination with endocrinal manipulation has been identified as an effective treatment for patients with high-risk prostate cancer, the optimal dose for locoregional control of prostate cancer in combination with hormonal therapy has not yet been determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The efficacy of modest doses of irradiation (60-62 Gy) combined with long-term endocrinal treatment for patients with high-risk prostate cancer (defined as a pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level greater than 20 ng/ml or a Gleason's score of 8-10 or T3-T4 disease) was analyzed in 60 Japanese patients. The patients included in this study had received radical radiotherapy with long-term endocrinal manipulation in the period between 1993 and 2000. The median age of the patients was 70 years (range, 56-83). Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy with a median duration of 3.9 months was performed prior to radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy was continued until recurrence. A median dose of 61.4 Gy (range, 44-71.4) was delivered to the prostate. Pelvic node irradiation was performed in 49 patients (81.6%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up period of 28.5 months, the overall survival, cause-specific survival and biochemical relapse-free survival at 3 years were 94.4%, 96% and 89.8%, respectively. Local failure was observed in one patient, distant metastases were observed in three patients and a late toxic effect greater than Grade 2 was not observed in any patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study, though preliminary due to a short-term follow-up period, reveals the possibility that modest doses of irradiation combined with long-term endocrinal treatment could be an effective means of achieving excellent local control of high-risk prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. tomonari@radiolo.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tomonari
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shioyama
authors.forename: Saiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohga
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Urashima
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terashima
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Hideya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noma
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen