title: Medial vestibular nucleus mediates the cardiorespiratory responses to fastigial nuclear activation and hypercapnia.
abstract: Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) evokes hyperventilation and hypertension responses that are similar to those induced by stimulation of the medial region of the vestibular nucleus (VNM). Because there are mutual projections between these two nuclei morphologically, we hypothesized that the FN-mediated cardiorespiratory responses were related to the integrity of the VNM. Experiments were conducted on 21 anesthetized, tracheotomized, and spontaneously breathing rats. Electrical stimulation (approximately 10 s) of the FN was used to evoke cardiorespiratory responses, and the same stimulus was repeated 30-45 min after bilateral lesions of the VNM by local microinjection of ibotenic acid (100 mM, 100 nl). We found that FN stimulation-induced hyperventilation and hypertension were attenuated significantly by the lesions. The role of the VNM in the ventilatory responses to chemical challenges was subsequently defined. The animals were exposed to hypercapnia (10% CO2) and hypoxia (10% O2) for 1-2 min randomly before and after VNM lesions. The results showed that VNM lesions significantly attenuated the cardiorespiratory responses to hypercapnia but not to hypoxia, with little effect on baseline respiratory variables. These findings suggest that the VNM is required for full expression of the cardiorespiratory responses to electrical stimulation of the FN as well as to hypercapnia. However, neurons within the VNM do not appear to be critical for maintaining eupneic breathing and the cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Pathophysiology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Fadi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Donald T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Frazier
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002529:Cerebellar Nuclei / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006339:Heart Rate; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006985:Hyperventilation / Q000503:physiopathology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014726:Vestibular Nuclei / Q000503:physiopathology*