title: Nitric oxide-releasing sol-gels as antibacterial coatings for orthopedic implants.
abstract: To assess the benefits of nitric oxide (NO)-releasing sol-gels as potential antibacterial coatings for orthopedic devices, medical-grade stainless steel is coated with a sol-gel film of 40% N-aminohexyl-N-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 60% isobutyltrimethoxysilane. Upon converting the diamine groups in these films to diazeniumdiolate NO donors, the NO release from the sol-gel-coated stainless steel is evaluated at both ambient and physiological temperature. Sol-gel films incubated at 25 degrees C have a lower NO flux over the first 24 h compared to those at 37 degrees C, but release more than five times longer. The bacterial adhesion resistance of NO-releasing coatings is evaluated in vitro by exposing bare steel, sol-gel, and NO-releasing sol-gel-coated steel to cell suspensions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Cell adhesion to bare and sol-gel-coated steel is similar, while NO-releasing surfaces have significantly less bacterial adhesion for all species and temperatures investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Venable Hall CB#3290, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nablo
authors.forename: Aaron R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rothrock
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schoenfisch
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005782:Gels; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000502:physiology; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005782:Gels; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009569:Nitric Oxide