title: Clinical and radiographic results associated with a modern, cementless modular cup design in total hip arthroplasty.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  First-generation cementless modular cups reproducibly achieved fixation to bone but were associated with unacceptable rates of pelvic osteolysis and mechanical failure. Consequently, second-generation cups were developed with shells that had a limited number of holes (or no holes) as well as improved locking mechanisms, a polished inner surface, and increased conformity with the liner. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results associated with the use of a second-generation acetabular component for primary total hip arthroplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and ninety-seven patients underwent 335 consecutive primary total hip arthroplasties that were performed by a single surgeon with a second-generation modular acetabular component. All cups were implanted with a press-fit technique. Ten patients were lost to follow-up, and sixteen died from unrelated causes. The remaining 271 patients (308 hips) were followed clinically (with the Hospital for Special Surgery hip-scoring system) and radiographically for four to seven years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One cup was revised because of aseptic loosening. There were seven additional revisions: five were performed because of aseptic loosening of the stem with a well-fixed cup, and two were performed because of deep infection. Among the 271 patients who were alive at the time of the last follow-up, 266 (98%) had retention of the cup and 264 (97%) had retention of both components with a good or excellent clinical result. In the group of 229 patients (262 hips) with complete radiographic follow-up, 259 cups were well fixed and the average wear rate (for the 246 hips for which this rate could be calculated) was 0.09 mm/yr. Osteolysis was detected in twelve hips (5%) and was associated with male gender (p = 0.001) and the annual wear rate (p = 0.004). The extent of calcar resorption was also associated with the annual wear rate (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This second-generation acetabular cup design predictably achieved bone fixation and was associated with low rates of revision for loosening and osteolysis after intermediate-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: The Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Alejandro González Della
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zoppi
authors.forename: Margaret G E
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Salvati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010014:Osteolysis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography