title: Cancer immunotherapy: breaking the barriers to harvest the crop.
abstract: Successful translation of modern molecular immunology into effective cancer immunotherapy is threatened by regulatory barriers and challenges to the development of novel agents and combinatorial strategies through effective public-private partnerships. For its promise to be fully realized, both the National Cancer Institute and Food and Drug Administration must take active steps to help academic investigators and companies jointly navigate the pathways from laboratory to clinic.
authors.affiliation: Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. dmpardol@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Drew
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pardoll
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allison
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000486:Allergy and Immunology / Q000639:trends*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004345:Drug Industry; D033161:Government Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D007373:Interinstitutional Relations; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D014481:United States; D014486:United States Food and Drug Administration
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations