title: Sex difference and possible relationship to microvascular complications of serum prorenin levels in type 2 diabetic patients, measured by a novel antibody-activating direct enzyme kinetic assay.
abstract: Prorenin, a precursor of renin, was measured in sera from normal subjects and type 2 diabetic patients, using a newly developed antibody-activating direct enzyme kinetic assay. Levels of prorenin were examined in relationship to diabetic microangiopathies. The levels of antibody-activating direct prorenin (AAD-PR) were approximately 1.5-fold higher than levels of prorenin measured by a conventional enzyme-activating method. AAD-PR levels were significantly higher in males than in females and in diabetic patients than in normal subjects. Moreover, AAD-PR levels were higher in diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and even higher in those with macroalbuminuria. In normoalbuminuric diabetic patients, AAD-PR levels were higher in those with retinopathy. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was seen between the AAD-PR levels and HbA(lc) in normoalbuminuric diabetic subjects without retinopathy. Thus, the determination of circulating serum prorenin measured as AAD-PR is related to glycemia and in type 2 diabetic patients may be a risk marker of diabetic microangiopathy. More studies are necessary to determine whether AAD-PR may actually predict the development of microangiopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Total Health Management, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School, 1981 Kamodatsujido, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-8550, Japan. skawa@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawazu
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minagawa
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazawa
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: Daiya
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hosaka
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ohmura
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012083:Renin