title: Expression of resistance markers to methotrexate predicts clinical improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Methotrexate is transported into the cell by the reduced folate carrier (RFC) and out of the cell by members of the multidrug resistance protein family (MRP). Transport proteins may affect the therapeutic efficacy of this drug in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the potential benefit of the presence of RFC and the absence of functional MRP for the efficacy of methotrexate treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 163 patients (116 female, 47 male; mean age 59.5 years) on methotrexate (mean weekly dose 12.2 mg). RFC was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and MRP function by flow cytometry, using a calcein acetoxymethylesther/probenecid assay. Clinical response to methotrexate was evaluated by the EULAR response criteria and the ACR 20% improvement criteria. The clinical data were obtained at the beginning of methotrexate treatment and at the time of blood sampling during ongoing therapy. Patients were divided into four groups according to the presence (+) or absence (-) of RFC and functional (f) MRP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  fMRP+/RFC+ and fMRP-/RFC- patients more often had good EULAR response rates (60%, p = 0.014, and 53%, p = 0.035, respectively) in comparison with the fMRP-/RFC+ group (29%); fMRP+/RFC- patients had a low frequency of good disease activity responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Absence of fMRP plus presence of RFC did not prove to be related to beneficial effects of methotrexate, but the lack or the presence of both fMRP and RFC led to a significantly better therapeutic outcome. Determination of these markers may predict responsiveness to methotrexate.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Medicine, Lainz Hospital, Wolkersbergenstr 1, A-1130 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stranzl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filipits
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pohl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pirker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leeb
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Smolen
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D058978:Reduced Folate Carrier Protein; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008727:Methotrexate; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D058978:Reduced Folate Carrier Protein; C548699:SLC19A1 protein, human