title: Hemolysis with rapid transfusion systems in the trauma setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rapid infusion system allows rapid infusion of resuscitation fluids at body temperature in trauma patients. Packed red blood cells are subjected to high external pneumatic pressure (up to 300 mm Hg) and rapid infusion rates through a 170-microm filter. This study was conducted to outline hemolysis that may occur in the setting of massive transfusion (> 10 units).
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements of various parameters were made before and after infusion of 17 units of outdated (38-82 d) packed red blood cells through a Level 1 Rapid Infuser, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), potassium, plasma hemoglobin, hematocrit and total hemoglobin. Hemolysis, expressed as a percentage, was calculated from these parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemolysis observed in this experiment ranged from near 0 to 0.05%. All the units had plasma potassium concentrations of 15 mmol/L or more.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transfusion of 17 units with the Level 1 Rapid Infuser did not cause a clinically significant amount of hemolysis.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ont.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chin-Yee
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Malthaner
authors.forename: Daryl K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods*; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors; D065227:Transfusion Reaction; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000628:therapy*