title: R-E-S-P-E-C-T: patient reports of disrespect in the health care setting and its impact on care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The health care encounter is a setting in which racial/ethnic disparities can arise. Patients who experience disrespect in this encounter may be less likely to use health care services that improve outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine factors in the health care encounter and to model how negative perceptions of the encounter influence health care utilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the Commonwealth Fund 2001 Health Care Quality Survey, a nationwide random-digit-dial survey of 6722 adults, conducted between April 30 and November 5, 2001. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed on weighted data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures of negative perceptions of the patient-provider relationship included feelings of being treated with disrespect or being looked down upon, a belief that unfair treatment was received due to race or language spoken, and a belief that better treatment would have been received had the respondent had been of a different race. Measures of utilization included receipt of a physical exam within the prior year, receipt of optimal cancer screening and recommended elements of chronic disease care, delay of needed care, and not following the doctor's advice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minorities were significantly more likely to report being treated with disrespect or being looked down upon in the patient-provider relationship. Specifically, 14.1% of blacks (P=.06), 19.4% of Hispanics (P<.001), and 20.2% if Asians (P<.001) perceived being treated with disrespect or being looked down upon, compared with only 9.4% of whites. Persons who thought that they would have received better treatment if they were of a different race were significantly less likely to receive optimal chronic disease screening and more likely to not follow the doctor's advice or put off care (P<.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perceptions of disrespect or of receiving unfair treatment within the patient-provider relationship are prevalent, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities. Such negative perceptions influence health care utilization and may contribute to existing health disparities.
authors.affiliation: George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lurie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007348:Insurance, Health; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011287:Prejudice; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States