title: The relationship between educational level and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study describes the influence of educational level on bone mineral density (BMD) and investigating the relationship between educational level and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 569 postmenopausal women, from 45 to 86 years of age (mean age of 60.43 +/- 7.19 years) were included in this study. A standardized interview was used at the follow-up visit to obtain information on demographic, life-style, reproductive and menstrual histories such as age at menarche, age at menopause, number of pregnancies, number of abortions, duration of menopause, duration of fertility, and duration of lactation. Patients were separated into four groups according to the level of education, namely no education (Group 1 with 209 patients), elementary (Group 2 with 222 patients), high school (Group 3 with 79 patients), and university (Group 4 with 59 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean ages of groups were 59.75 +/- 7.29, 61.42 +/- 7.50, 60.23 +/- 7.49, and 58.72 +/- 7.46, respectively. Spine BMD was significant lower in Group 1 than that of other groups (p < 0.05). Trochanter and ward's triangle BMD were the highest in Group 4 and there was a significant difference between Group 1 and 4 (p < 0.05). The prevalence of osteoporosis showed an inverse relationship with level of education, ranging from 18.6% for the most educated to 34.4% for the no educated women (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant correlation between educational level and spine BMD (r = 0.20, p < 0.01), trochanter BMD (r = 0.13, p < 0.01), and ward's BMD (r = 0.14, p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study suggest that there is a significant correlation between educational level and BMD. Losses in BMD for women of lower educational level tend to be relatively high, and losses in spine and femur BMD showed a decrease with increasing educational level.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. alig@dicle.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Aysegül Jale
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sarac
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nas
authors.forename: Remzi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cevik
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008019:Life Style; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014930:Women / Q000193:education*; D016387:Women's Health