Cerebral infarction related to cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV-infected patient: case report and literature review.
Neurological dysfunction as the first manifestation of AIDS has been found in 10 to 20% of symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infections. However, stroke has rarely been reported in AIDS patients. The most common causes of cerebral infarction in AIDS are central nervous system infections: toxoplasmosis, cryptococcal meningitis and tuberculosis. Potential vascular mechanisms for cerebral infarction and transient neurological deficits among AIDS patients include deposition of antigen-antibody complexes with vasculitis and infarction, and a direct toxic effect of a viral antigen or infectious agent on vascular endothelium. The role of cryptococcal meningitis in vasculopathy is still not clear. We report a case of cerebral infarction in an HIV-infected patient, with cryptococcal meningitis as the first manifestation of AIDS.
Leite
Andréa Gurgel Batista
AG
Emílio Ribas Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. aglg1te@uol.com.br
Vidal
José E
JE
Bonasser Filho
Francisco
F
Nogueira
Roberta Schiavon
RS
Oliveira
Augusto César Penalva de
AC
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications*; D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016919:Meningitis, Cryptococcal / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole