title: Risk factors for ischaemic stroke recurrence after hospitalisation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine risk factors for ischaemic stroke recurrence among patients admitted to hospital for a first-ever occurrence of ischaemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study involving linked hospitalisation and death records. The cohort comprised 7816 people who were hospitalised for first-ever ischaemic stroke between July 1995 and December 1999 in Western Australia. Cox's proportional hazards model was used to identify risk factors for stroke recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time to first recurrence; cumulative recurrence risk; risk factors for recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median time to first stroke recurrence was 255 days. The cumulative probability of first recurrence was 5.1% (95% CI, 4.6%-5.7%) at 6 months, 8.4% (95% CI, 7.6%-9.1%) at 1 year and 19.8% (95% CI, 18.1%-21.4%) at 4 years. The risk of first recurrence was increased by advancing age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04), Aboriginality (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02-2.22), diabetes (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07-1.51), a history of cardiac conditions (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01-1.38), post-stroke urinary incontinence (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.57) and transfer to another hospital on index admission (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.46). Admission at first stroke occurrence to a hospital maintaining a stroke unit reduced the risk of recurrence (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk factors identified in our study have implications for planning secondary prevention strategies. In particular, Aboriginality and transfer to another hospital upon admission for first-ever ischaemic stroke were important risk factors. Research into the level of compliance and access to stroke treatment by Aboriginal patients to prevent further strokes is required.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia. Andy.Lee@curtin.edu.au
authors.forename: Andy H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Somerford
authors.forename: Kelvin K W
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Yau
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008498:Medical Record Linkage; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D014904:Western Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D000095283:Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples