title: Low salt petroleum produced water reuse: a farming alternative outside the food chain.
abstract: Oil and gas production gives rise to water production depending on the state of maturation of the Field. This means large volumes of water available. Today, this water is partly re-injected into the reservoir. Totalfinaelf's sustainable contribution to preserve water resources is to propose an alternative utilization: the reuse of produced waters from petroleum activities, outside the food chain. The aim of the first part of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing low-salt water (<20 g/l) cleaned of hydrocarbons, for agricultural or forest irrigation. Rudimentary technologies such as artificial wetlands were tested to remove hydrocarbon substances and preliminary tests were performed with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and hemp (Cannabis sativa). Among the species tested in real conditions (greenhouse), hemp was affected by saline water whereas the results obtained for cotton were representative of the average worldwide production. These results validate the reuse of low-salt produced water in climatic conditions with expected temperatures of up to 37 degrees C in summer and 25 degrees C in winter. Following these results, field pilots are planned. Further research is planned to focus, taking into account local needs and environmental and production constraints.
authors.affiliation: Total EP France, Division Hydrocarbures - Service Méthodes Exploitation, RN 117 - BP 22, 64170 Lacq, France. odile.rambeau@total.com
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rambeau
authors.forename: R Morales
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: de Lafond
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baldoni
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gosselin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Baccou
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D002188:Cannabis / Q000254:growth & development; D002980:Climate; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D020387:Food Chain; D003368:Gossypium / Q000254:growth & development; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010578:Petroleum; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010578:Petroleum; D012965:Sodium Chloride