title: 17beta-estradiol reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via activation of phospho-inositide-3 kinase/Akt signaling.
abstract: Female gender and estrogen-replacement therapy in postmenopausal women are associated with improved heart failure survival, and physiological replacement of 17beta-estradiol (E2) reduces infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in animal models of myocardial infarction (MI). Here, we characterize the molecular mechanisms of E2 effects on cardiomyocyte survival in vivo and in vitro. Ovariectomized female mice were treated with placebo or physiological E2 replacement, followed by coronary artery ligation (placebo-MI or E2-MI) or sham operation (sham) and hearts were harvested 6, 24, and 72 hours later. After MI, E2 replacement significantly increased activation of the prosurvival kinase, Akt, and decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and caspase 3 activation. In vitro, E2 at 1 or 10 nmol/L caused a rapid 2.7-fold increase in Akt phosphorylation and a decrease in apoptosis as measured by TUNEL staining, caspase 3 activation, and DNA laddering in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The E2-mediated reduction in apoptosis was reversed by an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, ICI 182,780, and by phospho-inositide-3 kinase inhibitors, LY294002 and Wortmannin. Overexpression of a dominant negative-Akt construct also blocked E2-mediated reduction in cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These data show that E2 reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro by ER- and phospho-inositide-3 kinase-Akt-dependent pathways and support the relevance of these pathways in the observed estrogen-mediated reduction in myocardial injury.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, 750 Washington St, Boston MA 02111, USA. rpatten@tufts-nemc.org
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pourati
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Aronovitz
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baur
authors.forename: Flore
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Celestin
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ashour
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haq
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nuedling
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grohe
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Force
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Mendelsohn
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Karas
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000502:physiology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000502:physiology; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D004958:Estradiol; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000077191:Wortmannin; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat