title: Risk factors for wound infection after cholecystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical site infection (SSI) after cholecystectomy is a common problem. The aim of this study was to identify the possible risk factors for the development of SSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  545 consecutive patients who received open (125) or laparoscopic (420) cholecystectomy due to gallbladder disease during the years 1998 to 2000 were included in the study. Potential risk factors including clinical features, biochemical data, and operative types were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of SSI was 4.4% (24/545). The wound complication rate was significantly lower in the laparoscopic group than in the open group (1.4% vs 14.4%, respectively). Factors associated with SSI found by univariate analysis (p < 0.05) included age, gender, acute cholecystitis, white blood cell count, serum albumin, blood glucose and bilirubin level, type of surgery, operative time and positive bile culture. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that abnormal blood glucose [odds ratio (OR), 4.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6 to 13.5], positive bile culture (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 10.4), and open cholecystectomy (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.3 to 13.6) were the most significant predictors of SSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor control of diabetes mellitus before surgery, positive bile culture and open cholecystectomy significantly increased the rate of SSI. These findings indicate that better control of diabetes mellitus, and appropriate selection of surgical procedure and antibiotic regimen in the management of high-risk patients may reduce the incidence of postoperative SSI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: King-Teh
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wen-Tsan
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shen-Nien
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kung-Kai
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Jong-Shyong
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pai-Ching
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sheen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001646:Bile / Q000382:microbiology; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology