title: Triple valve surgery: a 25-year experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical treatment of rheumatic valvular disease still constitutes a significant number of cardiac operations in developing countries. Despite improvements in myocardial protection and cardiopulmonary bypass techniques, triple valve operations (aortic, mitral and tricuspid valves) are still challenging because of longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and higher degree of myocardial decompensation. This study was instituted in order to assess results of triple valve surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1977 and 2002, 34 patients underwent triple valve surgery in our clinic by the same surgeon (EB). Eleven patients underwent triple valve replacement (32.4%) and 23 underwent tricuspid valve annuloplasty with aortic and mitral valve replacements (67.6%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients who underwent triple valve replacement and aortic and mitral valve replacement with tricuspid valve annuloplasty. There were 4 hospital deaths (11.8%) occurring within 30 days. The duration of follow-up for 30 survivors ranged from 6 to 202 months (mean 97 months). The actuarial survival rates were 85%, 72%, and 48% at 5, 10, and 15 years respectively. Actuarial freedom from reoperation rates at 5, 10, and 15 years was 86.3%, 71.9%, and 51.2%, respectively. Freedom from cerebral thromboembolism and anticoagulation-related hemorrhage rates, expressed in actuarial terms was 75.9% and 62.9% at 5 and 10 years. Major cerebral complications occurred in 10 of the 30 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We prefer replacing, if repairing is not possible, the tricuspid valve, with a bileaflet mechanical prosthesis in a patient with valve replacement of the left heart who will be anticoagulated in order to avoid unfavorable properties of bioprosthesis like degeneration and of old generation mechanical prosthesis like thrombosis and poor hemodynamic function. In recent years, results of triple valve surgery either with tricuspid valve conservation or valve replacement in suitable cases have become encouraging with improvements in surgical techniques and myocardial preservation methods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. myilmazmd88@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: Erkmen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Böke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017741:Survivors; D014261:Tricuspid Valve; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology