title: Cost-effectiveness of thiopurine methyltransferase genotype screening in patients about to commence azathioprine therapy for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Azathioprine is a useful agent in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Its use is limited by its side-effect profile. Marrow toxicity occurs in approximately 3.2% of patients and is known to be associated with diminished thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity resulting from genetic polymorphisms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of screening for thiopurine methyltransferase gene polymorphisms prior to initiation of azathioprine therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of the literature was undertaken to calculate the expected frequency of leucopenia and its relationship with thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphisms in a model of theoretical inflammatory bowel disease patients. Decision analysis was then applied to assess the cost of a pre-treatment genotyping strategy, taking account of direct costs and cost per life-year saved.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 1000 inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine, 32 will develop myelosuppression and one will die because of this. Of those who develop myelosuppression during azathioprine therapy, 32% are attributable to lower thiopurine methyltransferase activity. Pre-treatment genotyping costs pound 347 per life-year saved for a 30 year old and pound 817 per life-year saved for a 60 year old. This compares favourably with other health care technologies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of pre-treatment screening for thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease patients commencing azathioprine therapy represents good value for money.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland. jackwwinter@btopenworld.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaffney
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Spooner
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mills
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017046:Cost Savings; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000235:genetics*; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008780:Methyltransferases; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase; D001379:Azathioprine