title: Elevated expression of A3 adenosine receptors in human colorectal cancer is reflected in peripheral blood cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside that accumulates at high levels in hypoxic regions of solid tumors, and A(3) adenosine receptors have been recently demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the adenosine-mediated inhibition of tumor cell proliferation. In the present work, we addressed the question of the putative relevance of A(3) subtypes in colorectal adenocarcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three paired samples of tumor and surrounding peritumoral normal mucosa at a distance of 2 and 10 cm from the tumor and blood samples obtained from a cohort of 30 patients with colorectal cancer were investigated to determine the presence of A(3) receptors by means of binding, immunocytochemistry, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As measured by receptor binding assays, the density of A(3) receptor was higher in colon carcinomas as compared with normal mucosa originating from the same individuals (P < 0.05). Overexpression of A(3) receptors at the protein level was confirmed by immunohistochemical studies, whereas no changes in A(3) mRNA accumulation in tumors as compared with the corresponding normal tissue were revealed. The overexpression of A(3) receptors in tumors was reflected in peripheral blood cells, where the density was approximately 3-fold higher compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.01). In a cohort of 10 patients studied longitudinally, expression of A(3) receptors in circulating blood cells returned to normal after surgical resection for colorectal cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides the first evidence that A(3) receptor plays a role in colon tumorigenesis and, more importantly, can potentially be used as a diagnostic marker or a therapeutic target for colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Unit, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation, St. Anna Hospital, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gessi
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cattabriga
authors.forename: Arianna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avitabile
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gafa'
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lanza
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cavazzini
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gambari
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feo
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liboni
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gullini
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mac-Lennan
authors.forename: Pier Andrea
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borea
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043684:Receptor, Adenosine A3