title: Apatite-forming ability of glass-ceramic apatite-wollastonite - polyethylene composites: effect of filler content.
abstract: The bioactivity of a range of glass-ceramic apatite-wollastonite (A-W) - polyethylene composites (AWPEXs) with glass-ceramic A-W volume percentages ranging from 10 to 50, has been investigated in an acellular simulated body fluid (SBF) with ion concentrations similar to those of human blood plasma. The formation of a biologically active apatite layer on the composite surface after immersion in SBF was demonstrated by thin-film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). An apatite layer was formed on all the composites, with the rate of formation increasing with an increase in glass-ceramic A-W percentage. For composites with glass-ceramic A-W filler contents >or=30 vol %, the apatite layer was formed within 12 h of immersion, which is a comparable time for apatite formation on monolithic glass-ceramic A-W. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) demonstrated that the apatite formation on AWPEX samples with 50 vol % filler content occurred in a manner similar to that seen on pure glass-ceramic A-W, in that the calcium, silicon, and magnesium ion concentrations increased and, conversely, a decrease was observed in the phosphate ion concentration. These results indicate that a suitable in vitro response was achieved on a composite incorporating particulate glass-ceramic A-W with a particularly favorable response being observed on the AWPEX sample with 50 vol % filler content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, UK. jaj33@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Juhasz
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bonfield
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawashita
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura