title: [Microsurgical resection of the recurrent craniopharyngiomas].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effective method of microsurgical resection of the recurrent craniopharyngiomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Microsurgical resection underwent in 40 cases with the recurrent craniopharyngiomas that accounted for 24 men and 16 women with mean age 35.1 year old. Visual deterioration was mainly complained in 25 patents, headache of symptoms in 9 patients, defect of visual field in 2 patients, amenorrhea in 2 patients, hyposexuality in one patient and diabetes insipidus in the one. Average history was 2.9 years. The superior sellar tumors on MR imaging grew in 19 cases, the superior-inferior sellar mass in 9 cases, intra-sellar in 5 cases and the tumors into the third ventricle in 7 cases. The huge calcification tumors were found in 5 cases, cystic tumors in 21 cases, and solid tumors 2 cases. Hydrocephalus presented in 12 cases. Evolution of tumor residuum was revealed in 31 cases after initial surgery and recurrent tumor after completing total removal of the tumor in 9 cases. The pterional approach was employed in 33 cases. The longitudinal fissure to the corpus callus approach in 2 cases was available for resection of the third ventricular tumor through the fornix column and septum pellucidum spaces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 33 cases with the pterional approaches, total removal of the tumors were completed in 22 cases, subtotal removal of tumors in 9 cases, and partial removal in 2 cases. In 5 cases with subfrontal approach, 4 patients the total removal of tumors obtained in 4 cases and one subtotal removal of tumor in one. Of 2 cases with the longitudinal fissure to the corpus callus approaches, one case was achieved with the total removal of tumor and the other with subtotal removal of tumor. The pituitary stalk was preserved in 8 cases, the pituitary stalk was severed in 9 cases and the pituitary stalk was not identified in 23 cases when surgery. 17 patients experienced diabetes insipidus and 12 patients had the hypothalamic hypofunction after surgery. One death occurred from the hypothalamic hypofunction 35 day after surgery. By follow-up from 3 months to 3 years, 22 patients returned normal life, 11 patients can carry out their self-life, and 6 patients need care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The desirable removal of recurrent craniopharyngioma could be completed in the majority of patients although the reoperation of the tumors was performed very difficulty owing to the tumor adhesive to the surrounding hypothalamic structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Xiang-en
authors.initials: XE
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Yong-li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhong-qing
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome