title: Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound in the evaluation of pancreatic and periampullary tumours.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pre-operative determination of resectability of pancreatic and peri-ampullary neoplasia assists the selection of patients for surgical or non-surgical treatment. This study investigated whether the addition of laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasound to dual-phase helical CT could improve the accuracy of assessment of resectability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study of 305 patients referred to a single unit for consideration of pancreatic resection who underwent dual-phase helical CT scanning +/- laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasound. Data were collected on patient demographics, CT findings, assessment of operability, laparoscopic assessment (LA), surgical procedures and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LA was undertaken in 239/305 patients, 190 of whom were considered CT resectable, and 49 CT unresectable. Of the 190 CT resectable patients, LA correctly identified unresectability in 28 (15%: metastases in 15; vascular encasement in 6; anaesthesia for laparoscopy found 7 unfit for major resection) and incorrectly in 2 (vascular encasement), but did not identify unresectability in 33; LA correctly confirmed resectability in the remainder (prediction improved, chi(2) = 9.73, p < 0.01). Of the 49 CT unresectable patients, LA correctly identified resectability in 4, and incorrectly in 12, and correctly identified unresectability in the remaining 33. Sixty-six of the 305 patients did not undergo LA, of whom 23 underwent resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When added to dual-phase helical CT, laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasound provides valuable information that significantly improves the selection of patients for surgical or non-surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Liverpool, UCD Block, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Doran
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bosonnet
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garvey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghaneh
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Neoptolemos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sutton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed