title: [Accidents in acupuncture treatment: history and current state].
abstract: Acupuncture is widely used as an alternative therapy with few side effects because of its simple manipulation and low cost. However, accidents may occur if the practitioner uses it improperly. Early in the Qin dynasty, the Canon of Medicine mentioned that improper use of acupuncture could cause injury to the body and even death, and it systematically described the occurrence and prevention of acupuncture accidents. Physicians in the successive dynasties frequently reported it, and realized that the manipulation skills were significantly important in preventing the occurrence of acupuncture accidents. Since the 1950s, acupuncture accidents had been effectively prevented because of the improving of acupuncture instruments, enhancing of the quality of the practitioners, popularizing of sterilization and disseminating of anatomic knowledge. Nevertheless, with the renovating of acupuncture techniques, new accidents may occur constantly. The prevention of acupuncture accidents still should be an arduous task for acupuncturists. Nowadays, acupuncture therapy is being used in more than 140 countries, and acupuncture accidents due to improper application are increasing. Prevention of acupuncture accidents has become a global issue deserving of great attention.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Literature Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200020, China. zzzlll_010@163.com
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D026881:Acupuncture / Q000266:history*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D006335:Heart Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history*