title: Thoracoscopy using a substernal handport for palpation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A substernal handport allows palpation of the lung and thus circumvents one of the major limitations of thoracoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This approach has been used in 24 consecutive patients, primarily during planned metastasectomy or when palpation was needed for deeper or smaller lesions that were difficult to find.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No long-term complications from this procedure were noted, and the 3 early complications were either minor or unrelated to the procedure. This approach allowed adequate resection to be accomplished by a less invasive approach in 67% of patients, although conversion to an open procedure was necessary in 33% of patients for anatomic and technical reasons. Among the 16 patients who underwent this procedure alone, the median length of stay in the hospital was 3 days. The rate of incomplete resection and of recurrence after metastasectomy was comparable to that for an open approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience documents that a substernal handport is safe, does not compromise the ability to perform an adequate metastasectomy, and allows biopsy of lesions that are otherwise not amenable to a minimally invasive approach. This technique should be included in the standard armamentarium of approaches for thoracic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7065, USA. fdetter@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Detterbeck
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Egan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010173:Palpation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013899:Thoracic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*