title: [Dynamic MRI of the bone marrow for monitoring multiple myeloma during treatment with thalidomide as monotherapy or in combination with CED chemotherapy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify changes of bone marrow microcirculation in multiple myeloma (MM) using contrast enhanced dynamic MRI (dMRI) during thalidomide as antiangiogenic monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, etoposide, dexamethasone).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study includes 63 patients with refractory or relapsed MM, who underwent dMRI with high temporal resolution (T1w-turboFLASH) of the lumbar spine before and following treatment. The contrast uptake was quantified using a two compartment model with the output parameters amplitude and k (ep) (exchange rate constant). The evaluation considered the initial dMRI finding (pathological or non-pathological) and the clinical therapeutic response (response or no response).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During monotherapy with thalidomide (n = 38), no significant changes of the dMRI parameters were found, even when considering the initial dMRI finding (positive n = 22) and the therapeutic response (responder n = 14). The combination with chemotherapy (n = 25) had a significant reduction of k (ep) (p = 0.01) in 18 patients with positive initial dMRI finding and therapeutic response. Reduction of the amplitude was seen in most cases, but in the end without any significance (p = 0.09).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  dMRI can quantify significant changes of bone marrow microcirculation solely during treatment with thalidomide combined with chemotherapy, not with thalidomide alone.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung Onkologische Diagnostik und Therapie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg. k.wasser@dkfz.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wasser
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moehler
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Neben
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nosas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goldschmidt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hillengass
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Düber
authors.forename: H U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Kauczor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delorme
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000098:blood supply*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D013792:Thalidomide; D005047:Etoposide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D003520:Cyclophosphamide