title: A novel checkpoint in the Bcl-2-regulated apoptotic pathway revealed by murine cytomegalovirus infection of dendritic cells.
abstract: Infection with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) has contributed to understanding many aspects of human infection and, additionally, has provided important insight to understanding complex cellular responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are a major target for MCMV infection. Here, we analyze the effects of MCMV infection on DC viability, and show that infected DCs become resistant to apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation. The precise contribution of changes in the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins has been assessed and a new checkpoint in the apoptotic pathway identified. Despite their resistance to apoptosis, MCMV-infected DCs showed Bax to be tightly associated with mitochondria and, together with Bak, forming high molecular weight oligomers, changes normally associated with apoptotic cell death. Exposure of a constitutively occluded Bax NH2-terminal epitope was blocked after infection. These results suggest that MCMV has evolved a novel strategy for inhibiting apoptosis and provide evidence that apoptosis can be regulated after translocation, integration, and oligomerization of Bax at the mitochondrial membrane.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Andoniou
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Mitali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Manzur
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ricciardi-Castagnoli
authors.forename: Mariapia A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Degli-Esposti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002460:Cell Line; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002470:Cell Survival; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006566:Herpesviridae Infections / Q000821:virology*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology; D018146:Muromegalovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: C494773:Bak1 protein, mouse; C494827:Bax protein, mouse; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D050998:bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein