title: Effects of a sweet and a nonsweet lunch on short-term appetite: differences in female high and low consumers of sweet/low-energy beverages.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effects of sweet taste on short-term appetite are still being actively researched. This study investigates the proposal that the effects of sweet tastes on appetite may differ as a result of differing habitual experiences of sweetness with or without energy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects of sweet tastes on appetite were investigated in habitual high and low consumers of sweet/low-energy beverages. Sweet taste was manipulated in a preload lunch and appetite was subsequently measured using test meal intake and subjective ratings of general and specific appetites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effects of the sweet and nonsweet lunch on short-term appetite differed significantly in high and low consumers of sweet/low-energy beverages, in subjective ratings of appetite for something sweet [consumer x preload x time interaction F(12,126) = 2.68, P = 0.003] and appetite for something savoury [consumer x preload x time interaction F(12,126) = 3.17, P = 0.001]. Effects in low consumers of sweetness without energy demonstrate close association between taste and energy, whereas effects in high consumers suggest a dissociation between taste and energy in these consumers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide a further indication that the short-term control of appetite varies according to the habitual pattern of dietary intake. The long-term experience of sweetness without energy influences appetite for sweet and savoury tastes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. k.appleton@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Appleton
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Blundell
mesh_terms: D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D001628:Beverages; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012528:Satiety Response; D013649:Taste / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates