title: Innovations in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy: long-acting stimulant and nonstimulant treatments.
abstract: This article reviews innovations in attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacotherapy and describes research on the newer, long-acting stimulant and nonstimulant treatments for ADHD. Results from peer-reviewed articles comparing the efficacy and safety of longer-acting methylphenidate or amphetamine-based stimulants and the nonstimulant atomoxetine are described. Longer-acting stimulants and nonstimulants provide increased clinical utility compared with short-acting stimulants. Efficacy and safety are similar to 2- or 3-times-a-day treatment with short-acting stimulants. Longer-acting stimulants and nonstimulants provide increased convenience and flexibility for treating youth with ADHD and show considerable promise. Direct head-to-head studies are needed to better inform clinical decision making and to identify moderators and mediators of differential response.
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants