title: Structurally distinct elements mediate internal ribosome entry within the 5'-noncoding region of a voltage-gated potassium channel mRNA.
abstract: The approximately 1.2-kb 5'-noncoding region (5'-NCR) of mRNA species encoding mouse Kv1.4, a member of the Shaker-related subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels, was shown to mediate internal ribosome entry in cells derived from brain, heart, and skeletal muscle, tissues known to express Kv1.4 mRNA species. We also show that the upstream approximately 1.0 kb and the downstream approximately 0.2 kb of the Kv1.4 5'-NCR independently mediated internal ribosome entry; however, separately, these sequences were less efficient in mediating internal ribosome entry than when together in the complete (and contiguous) 5'-NCR. Using enzymatic structure probing, the 3'-most approximately 0.2 kb was predicted to form three distinct stem-loop structures (stem-loops X, Y, and Z) and two defined single-stranded regions (loops Psi and Omega) in the presence and absence of the upstream approximately 1.0 kb. Although the systematic deletion of sequences within the 3'-most approximately 0.2 kb resulted in distinct changes in expression, enzymatic structure probing indicated that local RNA folding was not completely altered. Structure probing analysis strongly suggested an interaction between stem-loop X and a downstream polypyrimidine tract; however, opposing changes in activity were observed when sequences within these two regions were independently deleted. Moreover, deletions correlating with positive as well as negative changes in expression altered RNase cleavage within stem-loop X, indicating that this structure may be an integral element. Therefore, these findings indicate that Kv1.4 expression is mediated through a complex interplay between many distinct RNA regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
authors.forename: Gwendolyn M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Louis E-C
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Lily T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Hoang
authors.forename: Ping H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Gutman
authors.forename: Bert L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Semler
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D051665:Kv1.4 Potassium Channel; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C496977:KCNA4 protein, human; C496978:Kcna4 protein, mouse; D051665:Kv1.4 Potassium Channel; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012260:Ribonucleases