title: Finding the answers in primary care: information seeking by rural and nonrural clinicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information systems for rural practice may assume that rural clinicians have different information seeking, but studies have not directly compared rural and nonrural information needs using common methodology.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Compare rural and non-rural: 1) information needs; 2) information seeking; 3) effectiveness of information seeking; and 4) use of information resources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observation and interviews during one half-day of office practice; telephone follow-up 2-10 days later.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary care physicians (39), nurse practitioners (42), and physician assistants (22) in ambulatory practices in rural and nonrural Oregon.
  
  
  METHODS
  1) number of questions asked, 2) number of questions pursued, 3) number of questions answered), and 4) use of knowledge resources.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rural clinicians practiced in smaller groups, but were otherwise similar to nonrural clinicians. During half-day interviews, clinicians cared for an average of 8.2 patients (95% CI 7.5 - 8.8) and asked an average of 0.83 questions per patient seen (95% CI 0.73 - 0.92). At follow up, they had pursued an average of 47% of their questions (95% CI 40 - 53%), and reported being successful in finding an answer to 77% of those they pursued (95% CI 70 - 84%). There were no statistically significant differences between rural and nonrural clinicians for any of these variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rural and nonrural clinicians had similar information needs, information seeking, knowledge resource use, and effectiveness at finding answers to their questions. Human consultants, digital resources, and library-based resources were less available, but these differences in availability had little impact on their use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. gormanp@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Gorman
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Seshadri
mesh_terms: D019992:Databases as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007255:Information Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D046609:Libraries, Digital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007993:Libraries, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008499:Medical Records; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D009922:Oregon; D010823:Physician Assistants; D010821:Physicians, Family; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012014:Reference Books, Medical; D019035:Rural Health Services; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D019037:Urban Health Services