Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticisers in surface waters.
Organophosphates used as flame retardants, plasticisers and lubricants such as tris-(2-chloro-, 1-methyl-ethyl)-phosphate (TCPP), tris-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP) or tris-(2-chloro-, 1-chloromethyl-ethyl)-phosphate (TDCP), tri-n-butylphosphate (TnBP), tri-iso-butylphosphate (TiBP), triphenylphosphate (TPP) and tris-(butoxyethyl)-phosphate (TBEP) have been analysed in several rivers and sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents. The concentrations in the River Ruhr are 20-200 ng/l TCPP, 13-130 ng/l TCEP, about 50 ng/l TDCP, 10-200 ng/l TBEP and up to 40 ng/l TPP. The STP effluents exhibit concentrations up to 400 ng/l TCPP, 130 ng/l TCEP, about 120 ng/l TDCP and 500 ng/l TBEP, respectively. The main sources for the load of organophosphates are sewage treatment plants, but not all contribute equivalent to the amount of inhabitants they serve.
Andresen
J A
JA
Waste Management, FB 10, University Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 15, 45141 Essen, Germany.
Grundmann
A
A
Bester
K
K
D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis*; D005858:Germany; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis*; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry; D012621:Seasons; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
D005411:Flame Retardants; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010968:Plasticizers; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical