title: Interferon-gamma-associated responses to woodchuck hepatitis virus infection in neonatal woodchucks and virus-infected hepatocytes.
abstract: Acute hepatitis and recovery from woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection involves increased intrahepatic expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNAs. In the present study, recovery correlated with increased intrahepatic expression of mRNAs for major histocompatibility complex class 1 (MHC1), beta(2)-microglobulin, 2'5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2'5'-OAS), and indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO). By comparison, acute WHV infection progressing to chronicity was associated with diminished expression of these IFN-gamma-associated mRNAs in liver. Transfection of WHV-infected primary hepatocytes (WPH) from WHV carriers with an IFN-gamma-expressing plasmid (pIFN-gamma) resulted in dose-dependent accumulations of MHC1, TNF-alpha, 2'5'-OAS, and IDO mRNAs within 96 h. Markers of T cells and immune-mediated cytotoxicity that accumulate in recovering liver were not apparent in WPH based on the relative lack of CD3, CD4, Fas ligand, perforin, and granzyme B mRNAs. Expression of pIFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha-expressing plasmid (pTNF-alpha), did not affect total WHV RNA, or fully double-stranded WHV DNA in WPH, but each reduced some of the replicative intermediate (RI) species of WHV DNA synthesis. WPH treated with recombinant IFN-alpha protein had a higher fold induction of 2'5'-OAS mRNA associated with partial reductions in WHV RNAs and the major RI species. Thus, IFN-gamma expression in carrier WPH induced several host responses often observed in liver of recovering woodchucks, and impaired a stage of WHV DNA synthesis by a non-cytolytic mechanism mediated by TNF-alpha. Local enhancement of IFN-gamma-associated responses in chronic WHV-infected hepatocytes may promote therapeutic antiviral effects, but additional effector mechanisms evident during recovery appear necessary for more complete clearance of WHV infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. wangy8@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Menne
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bellezza
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tennant
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gerin
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cote
mesh_terms: D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D017919:Hepatitis B Virus, Woodchuck / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000821:virology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000378:metabolism; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000821:virology; D008392:Marmota; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D014366:Tryptophan Oxygenase; D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase