title: Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in patients on haemodialysis: role of cutaneous colonization.
abstract: We performed a prospective study of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in patients on chronic haemodialysis to determine the role of cutaneous colonization in the aetiology of recurrent nasal colonization. From February 2000 to September 2001, 71 patients on chronic haemodialysis in the dialysis unit at a university hospital were screened monthly for S. aureus nasal carriage. Carriers received nasal mupirocin for five days and were tested for nasal and cutaneous carriage two days later and monthly thereafter. Using genotyping results, recurrence was defined as relapse if pretreatment and subsequent nasal isolates were clonally identical; if the isolates were different, it was considered recolonization. Thirty-nine patients (55%) were nasal carriers: 11 initially and 28 during follow-up. Among the mupirocin-treated patients, the eradication of S. aureus nasal carriage rate was 88.5%. Nasal recurrence was documented in 17 patients (43.5%), and S. aureus nasal strains were available for molecular typing in 14 patients with a total of 23 recurrence episodes. On the basis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, 16 (70%) recurrence episodes were considered relapses and seven were considered (30%) recolonizations. Among the episodes of relapse, prior cutaneous colonization was detected in only three cases. In haemodialysis patients, the majority of nasal carriage recurrences after mupirocin therapy were due to relapses. Cutaneous colonization does not appear to be relevant in the development of these relapses.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. cpena@csub.scs.es
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernández-Sabe
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Domínguez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pujol
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martinez-Castelao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ayats
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gudiol
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ariza
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016712:Mupirocin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012008:Recurrence; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D016712:Mupirocin