title: Preliminary results of safety and efficacy of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist anakinra in patients with severe lupus arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Joint involvement occurs in most patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and severe lupus arthritis is often refractory to conventional treatments. Anakinra is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but its therapeutic potential has not been proved in patients with SLE.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety/tolerability and efficacy of anakinra in patients with SLE with leading joint involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  In patients with SLE with active polyarthritis and no other uncontrolled systemic/organ manifestations, 100 mg/day anakinra was self administered subcutaneously for 3 months. Disease activity was assessed by VAS, number of swollen/tender joints, ECLAM score, and serological and immunological measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four patients with SLE were studied; anakinra was safe in all four patients and no drug related serious adverse events occurred. A subjective benefit was seen in all patients and a trend towards better activity measures after 4 weeks. After an initial response, one patient left the study because of an arthritic flare after 6 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study anakinra was apparently safe and well tolerated and led to clinical and serological improvement. Anakinra might be an interesting alternative in individual patients with lupus arthritis not responding to conventional treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Rheumatology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. ostendorf@med.uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ostendorf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iking-Konert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001168:Arthritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins