title: Cdx1 induced intestinal metaplasia in the transgenic mouse stomach: comparative study with Cdx2 transgenic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastric intestinal metaplasia, which is mainly induced by Helicobacter pylori infection, is thought to be a precancerous lesion of gastric adenocarcinoma. Intestinal metaplastic mucosa expresses intestine specific homeobox genes, Cdx1 and Cdx2, in the human gastric mucosa. We and others have reported that ectopic expression of Cdx2 in the gastric epithelium generates intestinal metaplasia in the transgenic mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  To clarify the differences in the roles of Cdx1 and Cdx2 in intestinal metaplasia, we generated transgenic mice expressing Cdx1 in the gastric mucosa and compared Cdx1 induced gastric mucosal morphological changes with Cdx2 induced intestinal metaplasia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The gastric mucosa in Cdx1 transgenic mice was completely replaced by intestinal metaplastic mucosa, consisting of all four intestinal epithelial cell types: absorptive enterocytes, goblet, enteroendocrine, and Paneth cells. Paneth cells, which were not recognised in Cdx2 transgenic mice, were in the upper portion of the intestinal metaplastic mucosa. Pseudopyloric gland metaplasia, which was induced in Cdx2 transgenic mice, was not recognised in Cdx1 transgenic mice. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells were diffusely scattered in Cdx1 induced intestinal metaplastic mucosa while PCNA positive cells in Cdx2 induced intestinal metaplastic mucosa were in the base of the metaplastic mucosa. Intestinal metaplastic mucosa of Cdx1 transgenic mouse stomach was significantly thicker than that of wild-type or Cdx2 transgenic mouse stomach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have confirmed that Cdx1 induced gastric intestinal metaplasia but that it differed from Cdx2 induced intestinal metaplasia in differentiation, structure, and proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical School, Yakushiji 3311-1, Minamikawachi-machi, Kawachigun, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. muto@jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mutoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hakamata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D000071616:CDX2 Transcription Factor; C491272:Cdx1 protein, mouse; C487514:Cdx2 protein, mouse; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D014157:Transcription Factors