title: EEG source imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool for studying the temporal dynamics of the human brain's large-scale neuronal circuits. However, most EEG applications fail to capitalize on all of the data's available information, particularly that concerning the location of active sources in the brain. Localizing the sources of a given scalp measurement is only achieved by solving the so-called inverse problem. By introducing reasonable a priori constraints, the inverse problem can be solved and the most probable sources in the brain at every moment in time can be accurately localized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here, we review the different EEG source localization procedures applied during the last two decades. Additionally, we detail the importance of those procedures preceding and following source estimation that are intimately linked to a successful, reliable result. We discuss (1) the number and positioning of electrodes, (2) the varieties of inverse solution models and algorithms, (3) the integration of EEG source estimations with MRI data, (4) the integration of time and frequency in source imaging, and (5) the statistical analysis of inverse solution results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We show that modern EEG source imaging simultaneously details the temporal and spatial dimensions of brain activity, making it an important and affordable tool to study the properties of cerebral, neural networks in cognitive and clinical neurosciences.
authors.affiliation: Functional Brain Mapping Laboratory, Neurology Clinic, University Hospital of Geneva, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. christoph.michel@medine.unige.ch
authors.forename: Christoph M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Micah M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lantz
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: Rolando
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grave de Peralta
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004566:Electrodes; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging