title: Atypical depression in growth hormone deficient adults, and the beneficial effects of growth hormone treatment on depression and quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some growth hormone deficient adults (GHDAs) have an impaired quality of life, which may improve with growth hormone (GH) treatment. The objective of our study was to make an in-depth psychiatric evaluation of patients with adult-onset (AO) and childhood-onset (CO) GH deficiency (GHD), and to assess the time course of changes in their quality of life and symptoms of depression in response to GH treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a 4-month, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial of GH therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a detailed psychiatric interview to characterise 25 patients with proven GHD at baseline. They were reassessed at monthly intervals during treatment with GH or placebo, using the Nottingham Health Profile and two well-recognised depression rating scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  11/18 (61%) of the patients with AO-GHD, but 0/7 of the patients with CO-GHD, were found to have atypical depression at baseline. There were significant improvements in the depression rating scale scores after 2 months of GH therapy, with significant improvements in emotional reaction and social isolation scores from 1 month, and in energy levels and sleep disturbance from 2 and 3 months respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study confirm that a large proportion of GHDAs have unequivocal psychiatric morbidity, and suggest that a response to treatment can be seen after a short trial of GH therapy. We hypothesise that this rapid improvement of symptoms of atypical depression represents a direct central effect of GH therapy.
authors.affiliation: Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
authors.forename: Tripti
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mahajan
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crown
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Checkley
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Stafford
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lightman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000172:deficiency; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I