title: Modulation of suppressive activity of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production by glycosidation of flavonoids.
abstract: Flavonoids have been demonstrated to exhibit a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions. Although a significant amount of flavonoids has been identified to be present as glycosides in medicinal plants, determinations of the biological activities of flavonoids were mainly carried out with aglycones of flavonoids. Therefore, the exact role of the glycosidation of flavonoid aglycones needs to be established. In an attempt to understand the possible role of glycosidation on the modulation of the biological activities of flavonoids, diverse glycosides of kaempferol, quercetin, and aromadendrin were examined in terms of their anti-inflammatory activity determined with the suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV2 microglial cells. The results indicated that glycosidation of aglycones attenuated the suppressive activity of aglycones on LPS-induced NO production. Although attenuated, some of glycosides, depending on the position and degree of glycosidation, maintained the inhibitory capability of LPS-induced NO production. These findings suggest that glycosidation of flavonoid aglycones should be considered as an important modulator of the biological activities of flavonoids.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Department of Pharmacology, Chunchon, 200-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Sung-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon Joo
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sohn
authors.forename: Pil-Jae
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Il-Young
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Cheong
authors.forename: Chang Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Wanjoo
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006027:Glycosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D010851:Picrates / Q000378:metabolism; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D005609:Free Radicals; D006027:Glycosides; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009573:Nitrites; D010851:Picrates; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl