title: Transthoracic Doppler validation in mammary artery grafts after minimal invasive direct coronary artery bypass operation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to validate noninvasive transthoracic Doppler ultrasound (TTD) with simultaneous invasive Doppler guidewire measurements in patients after minimal invasive direct coronary artery bypass operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 14 patients were examined 3 to 8 days after minimal invasive direct coronary artery bypass operation. TTD was performed to measure systolic and diastolic peak velocities of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) at rest and during adenosine-induced hyperemia. Simultaneous Doppler guidewire measurements were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LIMA flow was detected in 12 of 14 patients (86%). There was high agreement between TTD and Doppler guidewire measurements of LIMA flow velocities (systolic peak velocity: r = 0.86, y = 11.3 + 0.82x +/- 7.9; diastolic peak velocity: r = 0.95, y = 5.7 + 1.02x +/- 7.5; average peak velocity: r = 0.95, y = 5.2 + 0.94x +/- 5.4; and flow velocity reserve: r = 0.97, y = 5.2 + 0.99x +/- 4.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TTD represents an accurate method to evaluate flow velocities and flow velocity reserve of LIMA bypass grafts even in the early phase after minimal invasive direct coronary artery bypass operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology/Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Germany. meyer.gerdp@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Gerd Peter
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laudenberg
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hausmann
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mügge
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cremer
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hornig
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Hartmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaefer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures