title: [Surgery in non-small cell lung cancer of the superior sulcus: results of a combined preoperative and postoperative irradiation regime].
abstract: Due to local invasion of the chest wall, patients with non small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) of the superior sulcus have been treated mainly by the Paulson regime with radiotherapy followed by surgical resection. Recent published data on the use of concurrent irradiation and chemotherapy followed by surgical resection seemed very promising. The aim of the present study was to determine the value and benefit of a combined preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy regime (Sandwich irradiation), and which factors predict prognosis following resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1986 and 2003, 64 patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the superior sulcus were managed in our department. 28 underwent surgical resection with combined preoperative 40 Gy and postoperative 20 Gy external beam radiotherapy. Time to death was calculated using the method of Kaplan and Meier. Survival after surgery was the end point of the study. The association of factors to end of life end points was analyzed using the log-rank test for univariate analysis. Median follow up was 13.1 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The actuarial 5-year-survival for the overall population was 30.2 %. For surgically-rendered complete resection (CR) patients with no mediastinal lymph node metastases, the 5-year-survival-rate was 53.2 %. The 30-day-mortality-rate was 0 %. Most significant prognostic factors were the mediastinal lymph node involvement and the stage of the disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this retrospective study show that patients with non-small cell carcinoma of the superior sulcus can experience a long-term survival which is well comparative to other patients with NSCLC. Surgical resection with a combined preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy regime is well accepted. Special care should be taken in patient selection to identify patients with advanced stage of the disease and mediastinal lymph node metastases.
authors.affiliation: Chirurgische Abteilung der Thoraxklinik am Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg. joachim.pfannschmidt@thoraxklinik-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pfannschmidt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muley
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dienemann
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors