title: Bacteriostatic properties of biomatrices against common orthopaedic pathogens.
abstract: Tissue-engineered grafts for tissue regeneration include either mature or progenitor cells seeded onto biomatrices that provide shape and support for developing tissue. Popular biomaterials used in orthopaedic surgery include collagen type I, hyaluronic acid, hydroxyapatite, and polylactic polyglycolic acid (PLGA). Biomatrices with bacteriostatic properties may be beneficial in promoting tissue-engineered graft survival in patients susceptible to infection. We evaluated the bacteriostatic effects of these biomaterials on the growth of the four most common orthopaedic bacterial pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, beta-hemolytic Streptococcus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hyaluronic acid demonstrated the largest bacteriostatic effect on these pathogens by inhibiting bacterial growth by an average of 76.8% (p = 0.0005). Hydroxyapatite and collagen inhibited growth on average by 49.7% (p = 0.011) and 37.5% (p = 0.102), respectively. PLGA exhibited the least bacteriostasis with an average inhibition of 9.8% (NS) and actually accelerated the growth of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and P. aeruginosa.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair, Departments of Surgery and Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Grace A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Jason L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dragoo
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Samimi
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bruckner
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hedrick
authors.forename: Prosper
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Benhaim
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D006461:Hemolysis; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D003094:Collagen