title: Increased mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in treatment resistant depression: a preliminary study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The biological basis of treatment resistance in depression still remains unclear. Some studies suggest that there exists a relationship between a disturbance in the immune system and depression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the immune status of patients with treatment resistant depression, we compared the in-vitro lymphocytic responses to three different mitogens in 10 drug-free patients with treatment resistant depression and 10 normal controls matched for age and sex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed a marked increase in the lymphocyte mitogenic activity to mitogens of T lymphocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This activation of lymphocyte function may be indicative of a pathological stimulation in cell-mediated immunity in patients with treatment resistant depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smêtna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubera
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basta-Kaim
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wróbel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dudek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D003863:Depression / Q000276:immunology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012016:Reference Values; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D008934:Mitogens; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; C028784:phytohemagglutinin-P; D003208:Concanavalin A