title: The vulvar skin microenvironment: influence of different panty liners on temperature, pH and microflora.
abstract: The aim of this study was to confirm findings that vapour-impermeable panty liners might impair skin climate, and to assess their impact on the skin microflora. Temperature, surface pH and aerobic microflora were measured on vulvar skin of 102 women. The mean skin temperature was 1.1 degrees C higher when using a vapour-impermeable panty liner compared with not using one. Use of panty liners with vapour-permeable back sheets and acidic cores resulted in skin temperature, pH and microflora levels that were very close to those observed in persons not using liners. The temperature, pH and total number of microorganisms were significantly lower for users of vapour-permeable panty liners than for users of vapour-impermeable ones (p <0.05, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The microorganism densities were usually higher when using the vapour-impermeable panty liner, but mean differences were minor. The use of panty liners seems not to imply a microbial risk for normal, healthy women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Salgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. bo.runeman@sca.com
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Runeman
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rybo
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Forsgren-Brusk
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Larkö
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faergemann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D003020:Clothing; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006920:Hygiene; D008875:Middle Aged; D010539:Permeability; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012648:Self Care; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014627:Vaginitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014844:Vulva / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology