title: Informing carriers of beta-thalassemia: giving the good news.
abstract: This study explored the value of informing beta-thalassaemia carriers of the advantages, as well as the disadvantages of carrier status. Twenty-eight carriers of beta-thalassaemia were interviewed immediately after counselling, and again 2 weeks later. Both interviews included administration of a psychological scale (previously used for cystic fibrosis). Immediately after the first interview the intervention group (n = 18) were informed of the protective effect of the beta-thalassaemia trait against malaria and coronary heart disease. The control group (n = 10) was given the same information after the second interview. The effect of giving the positive information was assessed by comparing participants' scores at the first and second interview. Knowledge of carrier status aroused several negative feelings, including shock, sadness, and anger, but little feeling of stigmatization. Two weeks later, negative feelings were unchanged in the control group, but they were reduced in all members of the intervention group. All members of the intervention group considered it important to inform carriers of the positive aspects as well as the risks associated with carrier status. Carriers of recessive disorders with a known heterozygote advantage should be informed of the advantage. This information has now been incorporated into the comprehensive information system for hemoglobin disorders available at http://www.chime.ucl.ac.uk/ApoGI/.
authors.affiliation: George Marsh Sickle Cell and Thalassaemia Centre, St. Anne's Hospital, London NW3, UK.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karetti
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yardumian
authors.forename: Despina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karetti
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Modell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*