title: Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin both inhibit isoproterenol-induced lipolysis in rat adipocytes via a non-type 1a growth hormone secretagogue receptor.
abstract: Besides possessing a strong growth hormone (GH)-releasing activity, the gastrointestinal octanoylated peptide ghrelin has been reported to antagonize lipolysis in rat adipocytes. It is not yet clear whether this inhibitory activity on lipolysis is also shared by the major circulating isoform, des-acyl ghrelin, that does not activate the ghrelin receptor, namely the type 1a GH secretagogue-receptor (GHS-R1a) and lacks the endocrine effects of the acylated form. Here we show that des-acyl ghrelin, like ghrelin and some synthetic GHS (hexarelin and MK0677) and carboxy-terminally ghrelin fragments such as ghrelin-(1-5) and ghrelin-(1-10), all significantly reduced, over concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 nM, the stimulation of glycerol release caused in rat epididymal adipocytes by the nonselective beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol in vitro. The order of potency on stimulated-lipolysis was: des-acyl ghrelin=ghrelin>MK0677=hexarelin>ghrelin-(1-5)=ghrelin-(1-10). This ranking was consistent with the binding experiments performed on membranes of epididymal adipose tissue or isolated adipocytes that did not express mRNA for GHS-R1a. A common high-affinity binding site was recognized in these cells by both acylated and des-acylated ghrelin and also by hexarelin, MK0677, ghrelin-(1-5) and ghrelin-(1-10). In conclusion, these findings provide the first evidence that des-acyl ghrelin, as well as ghrelin, short ghrelin fragments and synthetic GHS, may act directly as antilipolytic factors on the adipose tissue through binding to a specific receptor which is distinct from GHS-R1a.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacology, Department of Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, Via Pietro Giuria 13, I-10125, Turin, Italy. giampiero.muccioli@unito.it
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muccioli
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ghè
authors.forename: Filomena
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catapano
authors.forename: Riccarda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Granata
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ghigo
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015870:Gene Expression; D054439:Ghrelin; D005990:Glycerol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008066:Lipolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D054440:Receptors, Ghrelin; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013141:Spiro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D006133:Growth Substances; D007211:Indoles; D009842:Oligopeptides; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D054440:Receptors, Ghrelin; D013141:Spiro Compounds; C422650:ghrelin, des-n-octanoyl; C086184:hexarelin; D007545:Isoproterenol; D005990:Glycerol; C094817:ibutamoren mesylate