title: Silicosis and lung cancer: a mortality study of compensated men with silicosis in New South Wales, Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer mortality has been found to be in excess in several groups with silicosis, but allowance for smoking was not always possible. We investigated the lung cancer mortality in men with silicosis in New South Wales, Australia, who were compensated, making allowance for smoking habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mortality study of 1467 men with silicosis in New South Wales who were compensated was carried out comparing observed mortality with that expected from the New South Wales death rates adjusting for age and period. Their smoking habits were compared with national survey smoking rates and the expected number of lung cancer deaths adjusted for smoking. Cases were coded for occupation and industry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The observed mortality was higher than expected, but the only site of cancer showing a significant excess was the lung. The group with silicosis had smoked more than the national rates. After adjusting for smoking the standardized mortality ratio for lung cancer was 1.9 (95% confidence interval 1.5-2.3). Although there were differences in lung cancer mortality between industries and occupations, these differences were not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The excess lung cancer death rate may not be entirely due to silica exposure because compensation may have been influenced by the presence of chronic obstructive respiratory disease and there is some evidence that the presence of this disease increases lung cancer risk independently of smoking.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Edward Ford Building (A27), University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. geoffb@health.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000401:mortality*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D009790:Occupations; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D012829:Silicosis / Q000401:mortality*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014942:Workers' Compensation
chemical_list: D012822:Silicon Dioxide