title: [Changes is Th1/Th2 balance in hemodialysis patients: effect of different membranes].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hemodialysis (HD) patients present an immunodeficiency that is mainly related to the defect of cell-mediated immunity. We have previously shown the polarisation of T-helper cells toward the phenotype in HD treatment with cuprophan membrane. In the present study, we have examined the effect of a Vitamin E-coated dialyser (Excebrane, VE) on the activity of the two Th subsets.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 8 healthy controls and 10 patients on RDT for at least 6 months with cellulose membrane (AC), then switched to HD-VE. Blood was collected from HD patients while on treatment with AC, and after 1 year of treatment with VE. CD4+ cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by negative selection, treating PBMC with a cocktail of anti-CD8, -CD16, -CD19, -CD36 and -CD56 antibodies labelled with magnetic beads, and passing them through a magnetic field. The collected Th cells were cultured for 48 h with and without phytohemagglutinin (PHA). IFNgamma and IL-4 were measured in the supernatant using the ELISA assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The constitutive release of IL-4 by CD4+ cells was abated significantly by treatment with VE. IFNgamma released by mitogen-stimulated CD4+ recovered with VE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that treatment with vitamin E-coated dialyser improves the defect of PBMC function associated with cellulose membrane dialyser consisting of altered spontaneous and mitogen-stimulated cytokine release. The effects of vitamin E-coated filter, in particular the recovery of reactive IFNgamma production by Th1 cells and the restriction of spontaneous IL-4 release by Th2 cells may have clinical importance.
authors.affiliation: Unità di Nefrologia Dialisi e Trapianto, Università di Pavia ed I.R.C.C.S Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia. clibettapv@hotmail.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Libetta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zucchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gori
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sepe
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pisacco
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bezoari
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Milanesi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dal Canton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma