title: Market principles in health care and social security policy in Japan.
abstract: Although health care in Japan is under the management of an obligatory insurance system, it is within the framework of a capitalist economy, and has helped achieve longevity during the post-war period. However, average lifetime has been improving in western European and Asian countries that have developed later. It has also been said that higher longevity is not necessarily due only to health care but also to the enhancement of environmental health achieved by economic improvements. On the other hand, the so-called 'development' led by capitalism and the market economy, and the luxuries that sometimes can be construed as uncultured, have caused unnecessary environmental destruction and disparities in wealth. Is it too cynical to think that the extended lifespan of the advanced countries has been achieved at the expense of the epidemics, refugee problems and wars which have resulted in a reduced lifespan in developing countries? It is said that capitalism is an economic ideology that includes many contradictions and is following a path of destruction. In addition, under the name of globalization, capitalism has continuously and rapidly caused vicious cycles of corruption, which are features commonly seen in today's world. It is still common that financial failures and threats are indirectly solved by initiating wars--a method completely inimical to health care. Along with environmental factors and the logic of this market doctrine, we have been trying to reform our financially-collapsed health care system. However, we cannot count on the 'durability' of any reform conducted without some awareness of our economic mistakes. It is often said that it is only because of the existence of the economy that we have health care. However, it is more realistic to say that stable health care and social security lead to a stable economy. Health care did not collapse. It was the market economy upon which health care depended that collapsed. Therefore, one must not consider that health care is subordinate to the economy. Without corrections in the failure of the market economy and in the 'trickle down' economic ideology, health care and social welfare cannot be established on a worldwide basis--the medical community should now take a leading position to emphasize this point.
authors.affiliation: Japan Hospital Association.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiyama
mesh_terms: D030861:Capitalism; D019049:Developed Countries; D019981:Health Care Sector / Q000639:trends; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006291:Health Policy / Q000191:economics*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D009313:National Health Programs / Q000191:economics*; D012943:Social Security / Q000191:economics*; D012946:Social Welfare / Q000639:trends