title: Comparison of "B" readers' interpretations of chest radiographs for asbestos related changes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine if chest radiographic interpretations by physicians retained by attorneys representing persons alleging respiratory changes from occupational exposure to asbestos would be confirmed by independent consultant readers.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 551 chest radiographs read as positive for lung changes by initial "B" readers retained by plaintiffs' attorneys, 492 matching interpretative reports were made available to the authors. Six consultants in chest radiology, also B readers, agreed to re-interpret the radiographs independently without knowledge of their provenance. The film source, patient name, and other identifiers on each film were masked. The International Labor Office 1980 Classification of Chest Radiographs(ILO 80) was used with forms designed by the US National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health to record the consult-ants' findings. The results were compared with initial readings for film quality, complete negativity, parenchymal abnormalities,small opacities profusion, and pleural abnormalities using chi-square tests and kappa statistics.Results. Initial readers interpreted study radiographs as positive for parenchymal abnormalities (ILO small opacity profusion category of 1/0 or higher) in 95.9% of 492 cases. Six consultants classified the films as 1/0 or higher in 4.5% of 2,952 readings. Statistical tests of these and other comparable data from the study showed highly significant differences between the interpretations of the initial readers and the findings of the consultants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The magnitude of the differences between the interpretations by initial readers and the six consultants is too great to be attributed to interobserver variability. There is no support in the literature on x-ray studies of workers exposed to asbestos and other mineral dusts for the high level of positive findings recorded by the initial readers in this report.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Silver Spring, MD 20904, USA. jgitlin@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Joseph N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Gitlin
authors.forename: Leroy L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Otha W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Linton
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garrett-Mayer
mesh_terms: D001195:Asbestosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003253:Consultants; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D009314:National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S.; D015588:Observer Variation; D010994:Pleura / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic / Q000145:classification / Q000592:standards; D011871:Radiology / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014481:United States