title: Preparation, characterization, and application of an enzyme-immobilized magnetic microreactor for flow injection analysis.
abstract: Enzyme-immobilized magnetic microparticles (EMMP) have been prepared for use as a microreactor in flow injection analysis (FI). The microparticles were directly injected into the FI system. Their retention occurred within the flow line by small permanent magnets located near the detector. The analytical utility of this concept was illustrated by the assay of glucose using glucose oxidase (GOx), immobilized microparticles, and amperometric detection of liberated hydrogen peroxide. The microparticles were derived from silica gel (nominal pore diameter, 15-80 nm) by impregnation with a citric acid/ethanol solution and a ferric nitrate/ethanol solution and then by calcination in a nitrogen atmosphere to produce ferrimagnetic fine particles of spinel-type iron oxide (gamma-Fe(2)O(3)) inside the pore. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The calibration curve of the glucose sample (2 microL injected) was linear between 2.5 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-4) mol/L (R = 0.9995), and the detection limit was 1.0 x 10(-6) mol/L or 0.36 ng of injected glucose (S/N = 3). The repeatability for a 5 x 10(-4) mol/L glucose solution was RSD = 1.5% (n = 6). Application to the assay of glucose in a fermentation broth is illustrated. The GOx MMP were stable and active for more than eight months when kept at 10 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8565 Japan.
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Shigemitsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Othman Oulad
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Mehdi
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kauffmann
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000378:metabolism*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008280:Magnetics; D010984:Platinum / Q000737:chemistry; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D058428:Silica Gel; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D010984:Platinum; D058428:Silica Gel; D002244:Carbon; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005947:Glucose