title: Comparison of long-term papilla healing following sulcular full thickness flap and papilla base flap in endodontic surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare long-term loss of papilla height when using either the papilla base incision (PBI) or the standard papilla mobilization incision in marginal full thickness flap procedures in cases with no evidence of marginal periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy patients, free of periodontal disease, who had intact interdental papillae were referred for surgical treatment of persisting apical periodontitis and included in the study. The flap design consisted of two releasing incisions connected by a horizontal incision. The marginal incision involved the complete mobilization of the entire papilla in one interproximal space but in the other interproximal space the PBI was performed. Further apically a full thickness flap was raised. Following flap retraction, standard apical root-end resection and root-end filling was performed. Flap closure was achieved with microsurgical sutures. The PBI was sutured with two to three interrupted sutures (size 7/0), the elevated papilla was reapproximated with vertical mattress sutures (size 7/0), which were removed 3-5 days after the surgery. The height of the interdental papilla was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively after 1-, 3- and 12-month recall using plaster replicas. The loss of papilla height was measured using a laser scanner. Papilla paired sites were evaluated and statistically analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most papilla recession took place within the first month after the surgery in the complete elevation of the papilla. Further small increase in loss of papilla height resulted at 3 months. After 1 year the loss of height diminished to 0.98 +/- 0.75 mm, but there was no statistical difference between the various recall intervals. In contrast, after PBI only minor changes could be detected at all times. There was a highly significant difference between the two incision techniques for all recall appointments (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the short as well as long-term the PBI allows predictable recession-free healing of the interdental papilla. In contrast, complete mobilization of the papilla displayed a marked loss of the papilla height in the initial healing phase although this was less evident 1 year postoperatively. In aesthetically relevant areas the use of the PBI is recommended, to avoid opening of the interproximal space, when periradicular surgical treatment is necessary.
authors.affiliation: endo@velvart.ch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Velvart
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ebner-Zimmermann
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ebner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001047:Apicoectomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005881:Gingiva / Q000601:surgery; D005889:Gingival Recession / Q000209:etiology*; D005893:Gingivoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000601:surgery*; D012184:Retrograde Obturation; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013536:Suture Techniques; D014945:Wound Healing