title: Female age in ART: when to stop?
abstract: With increasing age the probability of ongoing pregnancy established by the use of assisted reproduction technology (ART) decreases. As a result the question arises whether age limits for the application of ART should be established. From a literature review and ongoing research data it appears that the costs per child born greatly increase after the age of 40 for both intrauterine insemination with mild ovarian stimulation and in vitro fertilisation treatment, while in cases of 44 and over, prognosis is flat zero. The willingness to pay for extra costs will greatly determine whether and at what age strict limits should be applied. Fortunately, predictive factors for success, like the antral follicle count, may enable the identification of women over 40 and under 44 that still have favourable prospects, thereby decreasing the necessary costs per childbirth and allowing couples into ART programs that are often denied based solely on female age.
authors.affiliation: Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, University Medical Centre, Huispostnummer F 05.126, Heidelberglaan 100, NL-3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. F.Broekmans@azu.nl
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Broekmans
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Klinkert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D027724:Reproductive Techniques, Assisted / Q000191:economics* / Q000592:standards*