title: Hedgehog signalling in prostate regeneration, neoplasia and metastasis.
abstract: Metastatic cancers adopt certain properties of normal cells in developing or regenerating organs, such as the ability to proliferate and alter tissue organization. We find here that activity of the Hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, which has essential roles in developmental patterning, is required for regeneration of prostate epithelium, and that continuous pathway activation transforms prostate progenitor cells and renders them tumorigenic. Elevated pathway activity furthermore distinguishes metastatic from localized prostate cancer, and pathway manipulation can modulate invasiveness and metastasis. Pathway activity is triggered in response to endogenous expression of Hh ligands, and is dependent upon the expression of Smoothened, an essential Hh response component that is not expressed in benign prostate epithelial cells. Monitoring and manipulating Hh pathway activity may thus offer significant improvements in diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers with metastatic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Sunil S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Karhadkar
authors.forename: G Steven
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bova
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abdallah
authors.forename: Surajit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhara
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Anirban
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maitra
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Berman
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Beachy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000235:genetics; D012038:Regeneration; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000072086:Smoothened Receptor; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C491023:SMO protein, human; C491022:Smo protein, mouse; D000072086:Smoothened Receptor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014704:Veratrum Alkaloids; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; C000541:cyclopamine