title: Comparison of fracture, cardiovascular event, and breast cancer rates at 3 years in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare event rates for osteoporotic fractures, cardiovascular events, and breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational study of the placebo group in the double-blind, randomized Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty clinical research centers in 25 countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postmenopausal women (n=2,565, mean age=67) with osteoporosis were given calcium (500 mg/d) and vitamin D (400-600 IU/d) supplements.
  
  
  METHODS
  The occurrence of at least one new fracture, cardiovascular event, or breast cancer diagnosis at 3 years was identified and adjudicated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The occurrence of any fracture was the most common event in these women. In women without prevalent vertebral fractures (n=1,627), the event rates per 1,000 patient-years were 45.4 for any fracture, 15.2 for vertebral fracture, 4.7 for clinical vertebral fracture, 0.9 for hip fracture, 8.3 for any cardiovascular event, and 5.2 for all breast cancer. In women with prevalent vertebral fractures (n=938), the event rates per 1,000 patient-years were 117.4 for any new fracture, 77.1 for new vertebral fracture, 25.7 for clinical vertebral fracture, 5.8 for hip fracture, 15.1 for any cardiovascular event, and 2.6 for all breast cancer. The effect of prevalent fracture status on event rates was not dependent on whether women were older or younger than 65, but women aged 65 and older had a 3.6 times greater occurrence of cardiovascular events than younger women, irrespective of prevalent fracture status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data on the relative incidence of clinically significant skeletal and extra-skeletal outcomes may be useful in choosing an agent for health maintenance for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA. stuarts@omcresearch.org
authors.forename: Stuart L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: Pierre D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Delmas
authors.forename: Pandurang M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: Mayme
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Plouffe
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D018579:Patient Selection; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D014807:Vitamin D; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D002118:Calcium