title: Transcription factor CHF1/Hey2 regulates neointimal formation in vivo and vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of the cardiovascular-restricted, hairy-related bHLH transcription factor, CHF1/Hey2, in the biological response to vascular injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the response of CHF1/Hey2-deficient mice to vascular injury in vivo and the response of primary cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from these mice to growth factors in vitro. Neointima formation after arterial wire injury is decreased in knockout (KO) compared with wild-type (WT) mice (0.025+/-0.011 mm2 in WT [n=13]) versus 0.016+/-0.008 mm2 in KO (n=12; P<0.05) and is accompanied by reduced cellular proliferation. CHF1/Hey2-deficient VSMCs proliferate slowly compared with WT VSMCs and also show decreased migration in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) (62.6+/-10.3 CPF versus 37.2+/-13.5 CPF; P<0.01) and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) (27.4+/-7.7 CPF versus 6.4+/-3.7 CPF, P<0.05). Furthermore, lamellipodia formation and membrane ruffling induced by these chemoattractants are diminished in KO VSMCs, which is correlated with decreased activation of the small GTPase Rac1. Although total Rac1 protein was not changed in KO VSMCs, the level of the Rac guanine exchange factor (GEF), Sos1, was decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHF1/Hey2 is an important regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) accumulation during vascular remodeling and responsiveness to growth factors in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, Mass 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xiang
authors.forename: Zhiping
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yoriko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kiriyama
authors.forename: Caramai N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Kamei
authors.forename: Daniel I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000473:pathology*; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; C587884:Hbegf protein, mouse; C485778:Hey2 protein, mouse