title: Dares to addiction: youth definitions and perspectives on gambling.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over the past decade, there has been a rapid growth of gambling in Canada and internationally. Although youth are a potentially vulnerable group, little is known about what they understand and if they are being affected by the recent increase in gambling.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined how youth view gambling using an inductive qualitative research design and analysis based on grounded theory principles. Twelve focus groups were conducted comprising 103 participants (median age = 15 years) with diverse representation of Ontario youth. Focus-group questions were designed to capture youth's experiences and opinions about gambling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Youth participants defined a spectrum of gambling from a dare and friendly betting to legalized forms of gambling (lotteries, casinos) and addiction. Their opinions varied according to age and gambling type. For example, daring and friendly betting were identified as positive activities used by younger adolescents to relieve boredom and establish social relationships. Gambling was separate from daring because of its association with money. Many participants had minimal awareness of the potential negative impact of gambling. Information technology (Internet) was seen as an attractive medium for playing games and gambling where no money was involved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of awareness of gambling among youth and its consequences underscores the need for public education. The diverse range of gambling behaviour and age-dependent access to money need careful consideration in defining youth gambling "problems" and in designing public health interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, McMurrich Building, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1 A8. harvey.skinner@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Skinner
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biscope
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Korn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D016739:Behavior, Addictive / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D010379:Peer Group; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012931:Social Environment; D012938:Social Perception