title: Advances in hepatitis B and C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis B and C infections are prevalent around the world and a major health burden due to the associated complications of hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma which occur in the context of chronic infection. Significant advances are being made in assessing and treating infected patients and recent studies are now targeting patients who have failed to respond to previous treatments or who have associated co-morbidities. The purpose of this article to review the recent literature on the subject of hepatitis B and C infections with particular focus on new treatment options, new approaches in patients who have previously failed therapy and in those who have co-morbidity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A large number of studies have been carried out investigating the roles of varying doses, targeting treatment in particular groups and new treatment options in patients infected with hepatitis B and C. Several key findings such as the value of prolonging treatment in patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection, the use of pegylated interferon in chronic hepatitis B infection and the emergence of new treatments such as adefovir for resistant hepatitis B infection, as well as treatment of patients co-infected with hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus, have dominated the recent literature. Patients in particular groups such as those who have had liver transplantation or who are immunosuppressed have also received added attention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatitis B and C infections are the focus of much current attention with particular regard to new and emerging treatment options which are becoming increasingly focused on varying patient groups.
authors.affiliation: St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK.
authors.forename: Emma C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Main
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents