title: Microbial control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) using bacteria (Xenorhabdus nematophila) and its metabolites from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae.
abstract: Cells and cell-free solutions of the culture filtrate of the bacterial symbiont, Xenorhabdus nematophila taken from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae in aqueous broth suspensions were lethal to larvae of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Their application on leaves of Chinese cabbage indicated that the cells can penetrate into the insects in the absence of the nematode vector. Cell-free solutions containing metabolites were also proved as effective as bacterial cells suspension. The application of aqueous suspensions of cells of X. nematophila or solutions containing its toxic metabolites to the leaves represents a possible new strategy for controlling insect pests on foliage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agriculture, University of Reading, RG6 6AT, UK.
authors.forename: Ali Nawaz
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Mahar
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munir
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elawad
authors.forename: Simon Richard
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gowen
authors.forename: Nigel Graham Meckenzi
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Hague
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001937:Brassica / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D009348:Nematoda / Q000382:microbiology*; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D020593:Xenorhabdus / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins