title: Expression failure of the notch signaling system is associated with the pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression of Notch 1 and its ligand Jagged 2, critical factors in cell type specification, in testicular germ cell tumors was examined in order to evaluate its possible relationship with their pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining for Notch 1 and Jagged 2 were done in 139 samples of testicular germ cell tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Notch 1 and Jagged 2 transcripts were expressed in noncancerous testicular tissues and Notch 1 and Jagged 2 proteins were positive in the spermatids. However, the expressions of transcript and protein were negative for both Jagged 2 and Notch 1 in seminomas, they were negative for Jagged 2 but were positive for Notch 1 in embryonal carcinomas and choriocarcinomas, and they were positive for Jagged 2 and Notch 1 in teratomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results offer, for the first time, the possibility that the activity of the Notch signaling system, one of the cell proliferation and differentiation pathways, correlates with the different histological subtypes of germ cell tumor, which may be responsible for characteristics of cancer cells such as responses to chemotherapy and/or irradiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan. hayashi@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kihara
mesh_terms: D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D018237:Germinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000072100:Jagged-1 Protein; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D018239:Seminoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000072099:Serrate-Jagged Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C000606273:JAG1 protein, human; D000072100:Jagged-1 Protein; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C497761:NOTCH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000072099:Serrate-Jagged Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors