title: Health-related quality of life in men after treatment of localized prostate cancer with external beam radiotherapy combined with (192)ir brachytherapy: a prospective study of 93 cases using the EORTC questionnaires QLQ-C30 and QLQ-PR25.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe prospectively the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and treatment-related symptoms in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and radical radiotherapy (RT), including external beam RT and iridium high-dose-rate brachytherapy, and to compare them with age-matched normative data.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 93 patients with T1-T3a tumors consecutively treated with definitive RT at our institution completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ)-C30 and QLQ-prostate specific 25-item (PR25) module twice at an 18-month interval 0-18 months after RT. Subgroups were analyzed regarding acute and late effects on symptoms and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main analysis included 80 patients who were disease free at the final assessment. The levels of HRQOL were generally high, did not change over time, and were comparable to the normative data. Symptom development (urinary, bowel, and sexual) correlated well with the known acute and late effects of radical RT and neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining external beam RT and HDR brachytherapy when treating prostate cancer did not appear to impair HRQOL and was comparable to that of other brachytherapy methods. The negative contribution from late neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy on symptom development seemed to be substantial but mostly transitory. Additional research is needed to determine the long-term HRQOL (3-5 years), and interventional randomized studies are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology-Pathology, Radiumhemmet, Karolinska Institutet, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden. thomas.wahlgren@ks.se
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wahlgren
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Brandberg
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Häggarth
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nilsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes