title: Aspirin, NSAIDs, and COX-2 inhibitors in cardiovascular disease: possible interactions and implications for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Aspirin, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are widely used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Aspirin has the largest and most persuasive body of randomized trial evidence to support its use in secondary prevention for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and primary prevention for myocardial infarction. There is, however, a possible deleterious interaction between aspirin and NSAIDs on CVD that requires further research. Aspirin, NSAIDs, and to a lesser extent COX-2 inhibitors are associated with increased gastrointestinal side effects and bleeding, alone and in combination. The more widespread and appropriate use of aspirin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis will avoid many premature deaths in secondary prevention for CVD and first myocardial infarctions in primary prevention.
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Aging, 1620 Tremont Street, Boston, MA 02120, USA. tkurth@rics.bwh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurth
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hennekens
authors.forename: Julie E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Buring
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gaziano
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D001241:Aspirin