title: A comparison of oral-nasal balance patterns in speakers who are categorized as "almost but not quite" and "sometimes but not always".
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether amplitude or temporal patterns of oral-nasal balance differentiate speakers with cleft palate who are classified as belonging to the "almost but not quite" (ABNQ) and "sometimes but not always" (SBNA) subgroups of marginal velopharyngeal inadequacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The nasal accelerometric vibrational index (NAVI) was used to measure amplitude and temporal aspects of oral-nasal balance during the productions of oral and nasal syllables, words, and sentences. NAVI measures obtained include mean amplitude, time integral (area under the curve), duration, rise time, and fall time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care center for patients with cleft palate-craniofacial anomalies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with repaired cleft palate who were assigned by perceptual assessment to the ABNQ subgroup and 17 patients who were assigned to the SBNA subgroup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were found between the ABNQ and SBNA subgroups with regard to patterns of nasalization. Further analysis as a function of level of production and phonetic context revealed no differences between the subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although clinicians may report perceived differences in the resonance patterns of speakers who fall within the category of marginal velopharyngeal inadequacy, further division into the ABNQ and SBNA subgroups has yet to be validated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Communication Disorders, University of Wyoming, P.O Box 3311, Laramie, WY 82071-3311, USA. dljones@uwyo.edu
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Hughlett L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Duane R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Van Demark
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001184:Articulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D025363:Rhinomanometry; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D014681:Velopharyngeal Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology