title: Pathogen reduction of buffy coat platelet concentrates using riboflavin and light: comparisons with pathogen-reduction technology-treated apheresis platelet products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A pathogen-reduction technology (PRT) system using riboflavin and light has been developed for the treatment of platelet concentrates (PC) obtained by either buffy coat preparation (BCPC) or apheresis procedures (APPC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the treatment process on in vitro cell quality and on riboflavin conversion in PC.
  
  
  METHODS
  BCPC were prepared with the Compomat G4 from whole blood which had been stored overnight after collection. APPC were obtained using the TRIMA apheresis procedure. Both PC products had been stored for 18-24 h prior to PRT treatment. BCPC and APPC were treated with PRT on day 2 and day 1 of shelf-life, respectively. The treated PCs were then maintained for an additional 5 days after the PRT treatment. A panel of cell quality assays and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell counts and plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels during storage indicated that PRT did not induce significant cell lysis. Acceleration of a decrease in glucose and an increase in lactate was observed for treated PCs, but no significant differences were observed between treated BCPC and APPC. The pH of treated samples remained above 7.0, although was lower than that of the control. Platelet morphology of BCPC and APPC was well preserved. P-selectin expression indicated significant platelet activation when compared with control PC (BCPC on day 6: 39% vs. 12%; APPC on day 5: 35% vs. 18%). Both P-selectin expression and microparticle formation were not significantly different between treated BCPC and APPC during storage. The JC-1 assay also displayed no loss of mitochondria integrity during the storage of treated products. Approximately 20% of riboflavin converted into photoproducts, including lumichrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRT treatment had an effect on the development of the normal platelet storage lesion at a level which seems tolerable for clinical usage.
authors.affiliation: Navigant Biotechnologies Inc., Lakewood, CO 80215, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Korte
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Woolum
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ruane
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Keil
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lockerbie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McLean
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Goodrich
mesh_terms: D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000379:methods; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D001793:Blood Preservation; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008027:Light; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000502:physiology; D010976:Platelet Count; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014021:Tissue Preservation
chemical_list: D019007:P-Selectin; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose; D012256:Riboflavin