title: Effects of gas and other fume emitting heaters on the development of asthma during childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have shown adverse effects of gas cookers and heaters on respiratory health. The long term effects of early life exposure to these appliances are not known. This study investigated the effect of exposure to fume emitting heaters, currently and during the first year of life, on the risk of asthma outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional study of schoolchildren (n = 627) aged 8-11 years was conducted in Belmont, Australia. Information on symptoms and heating types was collected by parent completed questionnaire. Atopy was assessed by skin prick tests and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was assessed by histamine challenge test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no association between the current use of fume emitting heaters and any of the asthma outcomes. However, having been exposed to fume emitting heaters during the first year of life was associated with an increased risk of having AHR (relative risk (RR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06 to 2.03), recent wheeze (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.86), and recent wheeze + AHR (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.31 to 3.31).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If confirmed in other settings, this finding would require a review of the range of heating types that are appropriate for use in households in which young children live.
authors.affiliation: Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Phoa
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Toelle
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006361:Heating / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012882:Skin Tests