title: Involvement of cyclin dependent kinase 5 and its activator p35 in staurosporine-induced apoptosis of cortical neurons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and its regulatory protein p35 was involved in staurosporine-induced apoptosis of cortical neuronal cultures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cerebral cortical neurons were exposed to 300 nmol/L staurosporine. After incubation for different time, morphological alterations were observed with phase-contrast microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The protein levels of Cdk4, p53, Cdk5, and its regulatory protein p35 following staurosporine treatment were measured by Western blotting. The Cdk5 activity was assayed for histone H1 kinase activity by autoradiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The typical morphological changes of apoptosis were observed and the nuclear DNA fragmentation showed the characteristic "ladder" pattern after the cells were treated by staurosporine. The Cdk5 protein level increased markedly at 3 h and continued to 24 h. The p35 level increased at 3 h after being exposed to staurosporine, and decreased at 12 h. The cleavage of p35 to p25 was also detected at 12 h and increased at 24 h. There was no increase in Cdk5 kinase activity despite the increased cleavage of p35. The protein level of Cdk4 protein increased at 3 h and then decreased gradually from 6 h, but it was still higher than that in the vehicle cultures at 12 h. The p53 level decreased obviously at 3 h after staurosporine treatment and then seemed to increase at 12 h, but remained lower than that of vehicle cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Staurosporine-induced increase in Cdk5 protein levels and the cleavage of p35 to p25 may contribute to neuronal apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China. zbfwq@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Bai-Fang
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fang-Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Han
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Shao-Bo
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Dong-Cheng
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D051379:Mice; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C492236:Cdk5r1 protein, mouse; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C089495:neuronal Cdk5 activator (p25-p35); D010770:Phosphotransferases; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; C495902:Cdk4 protein, mouse; C495906:Cdk5 protein, mouse; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D019311:Staurosporine