title: Left anterior descending coronary endarterectomy: early and late results in 196 consecutive patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With advances in percutaneous coronary interventions, many patients now referred for coronary artery bypass grafting have diffuse coronary artery disease. We undertook this retrospective study to determine whether left anterior descending (LAD) coronary endarterectomy is a safe and effective long-term adjunct to coronary artery bypass grafting in patients who cannot otherwise be completely revascularized.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1992 and March 2000, 196 of 7,633 (2.5%) consecutive patients underwent LAD coronary endarterectomy with coronary artery bypass grafting. Median age was 67 years (range, 33 to 97 years), 101 patients (52%) had unstable angina, and 182 (93%) were in New York Heart Association class III or IV. Thirty-three patients (17%) had ongoing myocardial infarction; another 17 (9%) had myocardial infarction less than 1 month. Thirty patients (15%) required intraaortic balloon pump preoperatively and 19 (10%) were reoperations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients underwent LAD endarterectomy with coronary artery bypass grafting to the LAD. The left internal mammary artery was grafted to the LAD in 151 patients (77%), and 46 of 151 (30%) of these required an additional vein patch to the endarterectomized bed. Concomitant valve procedures were performed in 8 (4%) patients. Overall hospital mortality was 3% (6 of 196). Perioperative myocardial infarction in the LAD territory was 3%. One-year survival was 94% (95% confidence interval, 90% to 97%), whereas 5-year survival was 74% (95% confidence interval, 66% to 80%). Freedom from cardiac events (angina, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, percutaneous coronary interventions) was 90% (95% confidence interval, 84% to 94%) at 1 year and 84% (95% confidence interval, 75% to 90%) at 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the presence of diffuse coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass grafting with LAD endarterectomy offers excellent results with very low hospital mortality and morbidity, and favorable long-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. jbyrne@partners.org
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Alexandros N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Karavas
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gudbjartson
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leacche
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rawn
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Couper
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Sary F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Aranki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D004691:Endarterectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome