title: The effects of N(omega)-propyl-L-arginine on reperfusion injury of skeletal muscle.
abstract: N(omega)-Propyl-L-arginine (NPA) is reported to be a highly selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). This in vivo study observed its role in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rat skeletal muscle. Our results showed that NPA infusion significantly increased vessel diameters and blood flow in reperfused cremaster muscle, and slightly increased contractile function in reperfused extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. In addition, NPA treatment slightly increased I/R-mediated downregulation of nNOS and eNOS mRNA and protein levels. Although NPA showed a beneficial role in I/R injury, our in vivo data do not support NPA as a selective nNOS inhibitor. Also, our data do not provide any insight into the mechanism of NPA. Thus, the in vivo mechanism of action of NPA needs to be further identified, and the role of nNOS in skeletal muscle I/R still remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: The Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Surger, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Charan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gowda
authors.forename: Glen A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Toomayan
authors.forename: Wen-Ning
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Long-En
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yongting
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Diane M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Anthony V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Seaber
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Urbaniak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007511:Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000187:drug effects; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C109599:N(omega)-propylarginine; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D001120:Arginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat