title: Application of Doppler technology as an aid in identifying vascular structures during laparoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intraoperative ultrasound has been used extensively during open surgery to assess bowel viability, to identify vascular structures, and to assess for congenital abnormalities. The extension of this technology in laparoscopic procedures has been hampered by the size of the equipment and the significant learning curve that accompanies its use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a readily available Parks Inst. Co. Doppler Probe (8.1 MHz) and a 15-inch section of thick-walled, 9.5-mm OD Stainless Steel tubing, a Laparoscopic Doppler Probe was constructed. The parts were separately gas-sterilized, and a small segment of Penrose drain was used to create an airtight seal. The probe was passed through a 10-mm port, allowing assessment of vascular structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two Laparoscopic Doppler Probes were available for evaluation during a 1-month period at our hospital. Surgeons were then surveyed at the end of the 1-month period as to the utility of the devices.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Laparoscopic Doppler probe was used to identify the cystic artery during gallbladder dissection, to assess mesenteric blood vessels during laparoscopic colectomy, and to identify femoral vessels during laparoscopic preperitoneal hernia repair. It was found to be quick to construct, easy to use, and provided useful information to the operating surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Minimally Invasive Learning Center, St. Peter's University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. mneffyhs@aol.com
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neff
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cantor
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koren
authors.forename: W Peter
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Geis
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Curtiss
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Konigsberg
mesh_terms: D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D020706:Laparoscopes; D010535:Laparoscopy; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000295:instrumentation*