title: Effect of 4-aminopyridine on gait in ambulatory spinal cord injuries: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
abstract: Animal and human research have shown that the drug 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) may improve gait in spinal cord lesions by enhancing nerve transmission to affected muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of 4-AP in improving lower limb muscle strength and biomechanical gait patterns of chronic spinal cord injuries (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Rehabilitation Centre (Ottawa, Canada).
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 15 chronic, ambulatory SCI persons were randomized to an initial 2 weeks of 40 mg/day, oral medication of either placebo or immediate-release, 4-AP and subsequently crossed over to the alternate medication for the following 2 weeks. Evaluations were conducted at baseline (before starting 4-AP or placebo medication), 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. Measures included dynamometer lower limb isometric muscle force and biomechanical gait measures including temporal-spatial parameters, electromyographic activation patterns, joint kinematics and kinetics. Subjective impressions of the drug by the participants were obtained from an exit survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite some positive comments from subjects, statistical and clinical analyses showed no within-subject differences between placebo and 4-AP measures of lower limb muscle force and objective gait analyses (ANOVA statistic P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results demonstrated the importance of placebo-controlled trials and quantitative outcome measures for the evaluation of 4-AP aimed to enhance gait for chronic, ambulatory SCI persons. Energy expenditure measures and mood may relate more to subjective comments and is suggested for future investigations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DeForge
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nymark
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lemaire
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barbeau
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005684:Gait / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011792:Quebec; D012016:Reference Values; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015761:4-Aminopyridine