title: Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair with stent-grafts: experimental models can reproduce endoleaks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop canine aneurysm models that can reproduce type II endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with stent-grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  A fusiform infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm model (AAA) was surgically created with a jugular vein patch, while preserving collateral vessels (n = 3). To allow comparative studies within the same animal, a bilateral iliac aneurysm model was also constructed with venous patches and surgical re-implantation of the sacroiliac trunk (n = 3). Stent-grafts were implanted by femoral approach at least 2 months later in both aortic and iliac models. Follow-up imaging was performed by Doppler ultrasound (US) and angiography until animals were killed 3 months after EVAR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Angiography revealed immediate type II leaks in all cases. Leaks were still present at autopsy 3 months after EVAR in all cases, and were revealed at pre-death angiography in all but one case. At autopsy, leaks were characterized by the presence of large endothelialized channels that formed within the thrombus between the stent-graft and the aneurysmal wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As shown in this pilot study, persistent type II leaks after EVAR can be reproduced in aortic and iliac animal models. The iliac model can be created bilaterally in the same animal, thus allowing for comparative evaluation of different therapies. These models could be used to better understand the mechanisms of endoleak, and to assess future developments aimed to improve the outcomes after EVAR.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Notre-Dame Hospital, JA de Seve Building, 1560 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, Quebec H2L 4M1, Canada. sophie.lerouge@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lerouge
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salazkin
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaboury
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cloutier
authors.forename: Vincent L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Soulez
mesh_terms: D000783:Aneurysm / Q000601:surgery; D000818:Animals; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D007083:Iliac Artery; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015607:Stents