title: Long-term bone response to titanium implants coated with thin radiofrequent magnetron-sputtered hydroxyapatite in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to investigate the long-term bone response around machined screw-type uncoated and calcium phosphate (CaP) -coated commercially pure titanium implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a magnetron sputtering technique, implants with a CaP coating similar in composition and CaP ratio to hydroxyapatite were produced. Heat treatment was subsequently used to increase the crystallinity of the coatings. Four types of coatings (0.1 and 2.0 microm amorphous and 0.1 and 2.0 microm crystalline) were manufactured; uncoated implants served as a control. Three hundred twenty implants (64 of each type) were randomly placed in the tibial cortical and trabecular femoral bones of 40 rabbits. The rabbits were sacrificed 9 months after implant placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histomorphometric evaluation carried out on ground sections revealed that the crystalline CaP coatings achieved the highest bone-implant contact in both tibiae and femora compared with amorphous CaP-coated and uncoated titanium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that submicron crystalline hydroxyapatite coating adds bioactive properties to titanium oral implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An ultra-thin, 0.1-microm crystalline CaP coating can elicit and maintain an improved long-term bone response compared to amorphous coated or uncoated Ti implants, without any adverse tissue reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Shams
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohammadi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emanuelsson
authors.forename: Anatol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krozer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003460:Crystallization; D015921:Dental Implants; D017886:Durapatite; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D016348:Osseointegration; D011817:Rabbits; D013977:Tibia; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D017886:Durapatite; C020243:calcium phosphate; D014025:Titanium