title: Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiac biopsies from heart transplantation patients: correlation with erythrocytes and response to supplementation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) appear to reduce the risk of sudden death from myocardial infarction. This reduction is believed to occur via the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into the myocardium itself, altering the dynamics of sodium and calcium channel function. The extent of incorporation has not been determined in humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We first determined the correlation between red blood cell (RBC) and cardiac omega-3 FA levels in 20 heart transplant recipients. We then examined the effects of 6 months of omega-3 FA supplementation (1 g/d) on the FA composition of human cardiac and buccal tissue, RBCs, and plasma lipids in 25 other patients. Cardiac and RBC EPA+DHA levels were highly correlated (r=0.82, P<0.001). Supplementation increased EPA+DHA levels in cardiac tissue by 110%, in RBCs by 101%, in plasma by 139%, and in cheek cells by 73% (P<0.005 versus baseline for all; responses among tissues were not significantly different).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although any of the tissues examined could serve as a surrogate for cardiac omega-3 FA content, RBC EPA+DHA was highly correlated with cardiac EPA+DHA; the RBC omega-3 response to supplementation was similar to that of the heart; RBCs are easily collected and analyzed; and they have a less variable FA composition than plasma. Therefore, RBC EPA+DHA (also called the Omega-3 Index) may be the preferred surrogate for cardiac omega-3 FA status.
authors.affiliation: Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, Mo, USA. wharris@saint-lukes.org
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: Sheryl L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Windsor
authors.forename: Hakim A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Tracy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magalski
authors.forename: Charles B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: A Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Borkon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002610:Cheek; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005399:Fishes; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D009928:Organ Specificity
chemical_list: D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids