title: Assessment of the usefulness of sputum culture for diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia using the PORT predictive scoring system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The usefulness of sputum culture in guiding microbiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia is controversial. We evaluate and assess it using the Patients Outcome Research Team (PORT) predictive scoring system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 1669 patients with community-acquired pneumonia was studied. Before administering antibiotic therapy, sputum was collected and its quality evaluated. Samples were gram stained and those of good quality were assessed for a predominant morphotype (PM). Sputum cultures were processed according to standard protocols.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A sputum sample was obtained from 983 (59%) of the 1669 patients and 532 (54%) of the samples were of good quality. There was a PM in 240 (45%) of the latter samples (ie, for 14.4% of the 1669 patients) and there was no PM in 292 (55%). Culture yielded a microorganism in 207 (86%) of the 240 samples with PM and 57 (19.5%) of the 292 samples without PM (P<.05). Rates of sputum obtained, good-quality sputum specimens, PM identification, and positive culture were not significantly different among the PORT-score groups of patients (P>.05). The sensitivity and specificity of the gram-positive diplococci identification in the sputum culture of Streptococcus pneumoniae were 60% and 97.6%, and the positive and negative predictive values were 91% and 85.3%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good-quality sputum with PM could be obtained in only 14.4% of all patients. A PORT-score group in which sputum could be of greater usefulness in identifying the causative organism could not be identified. The presence of gram-positive diplococci in gram-stained sputum culture was highly specific for S pneumoniae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain. elisag@eresmas.net
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Vázquez
authors.forename: María Angeles
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mensa
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Roux
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Font
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francisco
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D003371:Cough; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents