title: Late failure of cochlear implantation resulting from advanced cochlear otosclerosis: surgical and programming challenges.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to discuss cochlear implantation in the setting of severe cochlear otosclerosis and review programming challenges in a patient whose performance is deteriorating as a result of advancing disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case report and literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care medical center. PATIENTS, INTERVENTION, AND RESULTS: A case is presented of a 66-year-old man with otosclerosis who initially had good benefit from a cochlear implant but gradually lost benefit even with reimplantation. Imaging studies demonstrated severely distorted otic capsule anatomy from cochlear otosclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advancing cochlear otosclerosis can result in a severely thinned and distorted otic capsule. Although cochlear implantation is generally beneficial in cochlear otosclerosis, implantation in certain severe cases may be complicated as a result of difficulties with cerebrospinal fluid leak, programming challenges, and other potential hazards that can occur with a distorted anatomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0312, USA.
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Toung
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zwolan
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Spooner
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Telian
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004868:Equipment Failure; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010040:Otosclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D013067:Speech Perception; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed