title: Survey of vitamin A supplementation for extremely-low-birth-weight infants: is clinical practice consistent with the evidence?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To survey the attitudes and practices among level III neonatal intensive care units in the United States regarding vitamin A supplementation for extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW; birth weight < or =1000 g) infants. Study design A pretested questionnaire regarding vitamin A supplementation was distributed to all (n=102) neonatal-perinatal training program directors (TPD) and 105 randomly selected directors of level III neonatal intensive care units (nontraining program directors, NTPD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-nine percent of TPD and 94% of NTPD responded. In a minority of programs (20% TPD, 13% NTPD), >90% of eligible extremely-low-birth-weight neonates are supplemented with vitamin A, whereas in most programs (69% TPD, 82% NTPD), routine supplementation is not practiced. Most centers (91% TPD, 81% NTPD) supplementing vitamin A use a dose of 5000 IU IM 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The most common reason that TPD give for not supplementing vitamin A is the perceived small benefit, whereas the most common reason for NTPD is that they consider the intervention unproven.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate inconsistency in practicing evidence-based medicine in neonatal practice, where therapies are often administered on the basis of weaker evidence of safety and benefit than supports vitamin A supplementation. Educational interventions may be required to endorse the benefits and safety of vitamin A supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 South 20th Street, Birmingham, AL 35249, USA. ambal@uab.edu
authors.forename: Namasivayam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambalavanan
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tyson
authors.forename: Waldemar A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Carlo
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A