title: Toward functional neuronavigation: implementation of functional magnetic resonance imaging data in a surgical guidance system for intraoperative identification of motor and language cortices. Technical note and illustrative case.
abstract: In recent years, surgical navigation systems have become equipped to allow incorporation of data such as functional neuronavigation data. Functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging is a noninvasive modality that demonstrates various brain functions. Although still in an experimental stage, fMR imaging is a promising tool for mapping of motor and language functions. One advantage is that it can be implemented in presurgical imaging protocols and is therefore potentially widely available in general neurosurgical practice. In this paper the integration of fMR imaging and surgical navigation is described, and the potential advantages and pitfalls of its application in clinical practice are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, and the Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Geert-Jan
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rutten
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: Herke-Jan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Noordmans
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Willems
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Rijen
authors.forename: Jan Willem
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Berkelbach van der Sprenkel
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viergever
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Veelen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery; D038361:Neuronavigation / Q000379:methods*; D011300:Preoperative Care