title: Surgical treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of our study was to analyse data of patients treated by salvage surgery for locally recurrent rectal cancer, with emphasis on the question whether salvage surgery is still worthwhile when adjuvant radiotherapy is no longer a treatment option.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients (19 males/21 females) treated by surgery with curative intent for locally recurrent rectal carcinoma were analysed. Local recurrence was defined as cancer recurrence within the lower pelvis. Salvage surgery included abdominoperineal resection, abdominosacral resection, exenteration (posterior or total) and local resection. Clinical and pathological factors were analysed to identify prognostic factors for survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median overall survival was 25 months (95% CI: 13-37 months) and 5-year survival was 28% (95% CI: 12-45%). The absence of symptoms at the time of recurrence, central localisation and the absence of microscopic involvement of surgical margins, but not additional radiotherapy, were found to be significant independent prognostic factors for better survival after salvage surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Salvage surgery, alone or in combination with radiotherapy, can achieve radical resection of locally recurrent rectal cancer and can result in long-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bakx
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Tinteren
authors.forename: J J B
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Lanschot
authors.forename: F A N
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Zoetmulder
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017677:Age Distribution; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009426:Netherlands; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012042:Registries; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome