title: Early onset and rapid progression of dominant nonsyndromic DFNA36 hearing loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the auditory and vestibular phenotype of autosomal dominant nonsyndromic DFNA36 hearing loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical evaluation of individuals with DFNA36 hearing loss linked to the D572N mutation of transmembrane channel-like gene 1 (TMC1). Medical history interviews, physical examinations, and pure-tone air conduction audiometry were performed in the field. Audiology and radiology reports were available and retrospectively reviewed for a subset of subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary, secondary, and tertiary referral centers (retrospectively reviewed studies); subjects' homes (prospective clinical evaluations).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen affected members of a North American Caucasian family segregating DFNA36 hearing loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pure-tone audiometric thresholds and their rates of progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects had bilateral, symmetric, sensorineural hearing loss with a postlingual onset in the first decade of life. High frequencies were initially affected, followed by rapid progression (5.9 dB/yr for the 0.5/1/2/4-kHz pure-tone average) to profound deafness across all frequencies by the second decade of life. Two individuals had excellent auditory-verbal communication after rehabilitation with cochlear implants placed over two decades after total deafening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DFNA36 has one of the earliest onsets and most rapid rates of progression among the autosomal dominant non-syndromic hearing loss phenotypes. These distinctive features should facilitate its clinical detection and the development of clinical-molecular genetic diagnostic algorithms for dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss.
authors.affiliation: Section on Gene Structure and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makishima
authors.forename: Kiyoto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurima
authors.forename: Carmen C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Brewer
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Griffith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D001309:Auditory Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies