title: Feasibility of MR-guided angioplasty of femoral artery stenoses using real-time imaging and intraarterial contrast-enhanced MR angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To show the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) for guided interventional therapy of femoral and popliteal artery stenoses with commercially available materials supported by MR real-time imaging and intraarterial MR angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients (1 female, 2male), suffering from symptomatic arterial occlusive disease with stenoses of the femoral (n = 2) or popliteal (n = 1) arteries were included. Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography was performed in each patient pre- and post-interventionally as standard of reference to quantify stenoses. The degree of the stenoses reached from 71 - 88 %. The MR images were acquired on a 1.5 T MR scanner (Magnetom Sonata; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). For MR-angiography, a Flash 3D sequence was utilized following injection of 5 mL diluted gadodiamide (Omniscan; Amersham Buchler, Braunschweig, Germany) via the arterial access. Two maximum intensity projections (MIP) were used as road maps and localizer for the interactive positioning of a continuously running 2D-FLASH sequence with a temporal solution of 2 images per second. During the intervention, an MR compatible monitor provided the image display inside the scanner room. Safety guidelines were followed during imaging in the presence of a conductive guidewire. The lesion was crossed by a commercially available balloon catheter (Wanda, Boston Scientific; Ratingen, Germany), which was mounted on a 0.035" guidewire (Terumo; Leuven, Belgium). The visibility was provided by radiopaque markers embedded in the balloon and was improved by injection of 1 mL gadodiamide into the balloon. After dilation, the result was checked by intraarterial MR angiography and catheter angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The stenoses could be correctly localized by intraarterial MR angiography. There was complete correlation between intraarterial MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography. The combination of guidewire and balloon was visible and the balloon was placed correctly to cover the entire stenoses. Balloon dilation reduced the degree of stenosis about 45 % on average. A prolonged dilation was necessary in one patient due to a relevant residual stenosis, which was recognized by intraarterial MR angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR-guided balloon dilatation of femoral and popliteal artery stenoses supported by real time imaging and intraarterial MR angiography is feasible with commercially available materials in the above mentioned way.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University Hospital of Regensburg. CP2002@T-Online.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paetzel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zorger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bachthaler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Völk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seitz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Herold
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feuerbach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenhart
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Nitz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003287:Contrast Media; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C064925:gadodiamide; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA