title: Persistent abnormal shoulder elevation after accessory nerve injury and differential diagnosis with post-traumatic focal shoulder-elevation dystonia: report of a case and literature review.
abstract: We report on a patient with persistent abnormal shoulder posture associated with isolated neurogenic hypertrophy of the trapezius muscle due to accessory nerve injury. The patient complained of marked difficulty in shoulder elevation and abduction. Over 6-month treatment with botulinum toxin, there was a complete resolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, A.O.B. S. Michele General Hospital, Via Peretti, 09100 Cagliari Sardinia, Italy. giovannicossu@aob.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cossu
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.forename: Giannina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferrigno
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Molari
mesh_terms: D061227:Accessory Nerve Injuries; D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004421:Dystonia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008067:Lipoma / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck; D018205:Neoplasms, Adipose Tissue / Q000601:surgery; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D012782:Shoulder / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A