title: Cardiovascular changes after extraglottic airway insertion: a prospective, randomized comparison between the laryngeal mask or the new PAXpress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare hemodynamic responses induced with the new extraglottic airway, PAXpress, and the classic Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthesia department of a university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  70 ASA physical status I and II patients, aged 18 to 65 years, scheduled to receive general anesthesia for extraabdominal procedures of short duration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly allocated to receive either a LMA (n = 35) or a PAXpress (n = 35) placement. After midazolam premedication (0.05 mg kg-1) and general anesthesia induction (propofol 2.5 mg kg-1, and fentanyl 1 microg kg-1) the airways were placed according to manufacturer instructions; then general anesthesia was maintained with a 2% sevoflurane concentration and an air/oxygen mixture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arterial blood pressure [both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP)] and heart rate (HR) values were recorded immediately before airway placement, immediately after airway placement, then every 1 minute during the first 5 minutes. During the first 5 minutes after airway insertion, both SBP and DBP values were higher with the PAXpress than the LMA (repeated measures analysis of variance:p = 0.02 and p = 0.006, respectively), whereas no differences were reported in HR values. Also, the maximum percentage increase in both SBP and DBP values was larger with PAXpress [+19% (range: -19% to +80%) for SBP and +26% (range: -17% to +96%) for DBP] than the LMA [+9% (range: -30% to +90%) for SBP and +10% (range: -30% to +92%) for DBP] (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although further studies are required to evaluate safety and airway trauma of this new extraglottic airway, placing the PAXpress produces more marked changes in hemodynamic variables as compared with those produced by the LMA.
authors.affiliation: Vita-Salute University of Milan-Department of Anesthesiology, IRCCS H. San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Casati
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vinciguerra
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spreafico
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Putzu
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siliotti
authors.forename: Epifanio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mondello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies