title: Coincidence of normal tension glaucoma, progressive sensorineural hearing loss, and elevated antiphosphatidylserine antibodies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) elevated levels of antiphosphatidylserine antibodies (APSA), a subgroup of antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) were found. Progressive sensorineural hearing loss (PSHL) is associated with autoimmune diseases and also the presence of APLA.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate a possible association between NTG and PSHL, 34 patients (age range 31-81 years) with NTG were evaluated for evidence of audiovestibular disorders. Besides ophthalmological standard examinations (slit lamp, IOP, funduscopy, perimetry) scanning laser tomography and polarimetry were performed. From all patients' audiograms, stapedial thresholds and otoacoustic emissions were obtained. The serological testing of patients and controls (40 healthy blood donors older than 50 years) concerned IgG and IgM levels of antibodies against phosphatidylserine (APSA) and beta2 glycoprotein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  23 of 34 NTG patients had hearing loss (PSHL n = 11; presbyacusis n = 12). The NTG patients had significantly higher APSA levels than controls. Elevated APSA concentrations were significantly more frequent in patients with NTG and hearing loss compared with NTG patients with normacusis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that NTG and hearing loss have a high coincidence. The elevated APSA levels may indicate an association with similar systemic autoimmune processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany. stephan.kremmer@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kremmer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kreuzfelder
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bachor
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jahnke
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Selbach
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seidahmadi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D010718:Phosphatidylserines