title: Hyperhomocysteinemia in acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria: an effect of host-parasite interaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasmodium falciparum utilises the polyamine pathway, essential in proliferation and differentiation, and imposes an oxidative stress on host cell, enhancing the loss of glutathione.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard hematological parameters were determined in 40 black African subjects with acute P. falciparum malaria, 30 aged 5-24 months, 5 aged 4-10 years and 5 aged 19-35 years. Plasma homocysteine, cysteine, glutathione and cysteinylglycine levels were measured by HPLC method. Twenty-eight healthy black children (15 aged 6-24 months and 13 aged 3-10 years) and 20 healthy black adults (aged 20-40 years) were also included as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma homocysteine levels were higher in all subjects with P. falciparum malaria and correlated positively with the disease severity and number of parasites, but negatively with Hb levels and patient ages. Cysteine level was found higher in all patients and markedly higher in 4-10 year old patients. Cysteinylglycine level was found lower particularly in 19-35 year old patients. Glutathione level was significantly lower in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The elevated level of homocysteine during acute P. falciparum infection suggests an imbalance in the folate cycle, which could be a consequence of the reduced availability of NADPH and Vit B12, caused by increased oxidative stress. This may suggest a selection for the C677T MTHFR allele, driven by P. falciparum in sub-Saharan regions. Hence Hcy level could be useful as a predictive parameter of severity, as well as of treatment efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chillemi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zappacosta
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simporè
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Persichilli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musumeci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Musumeci
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003545:Cysteine / Q000097:blood; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D007223:Infant; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000150:complications / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D006710:Homocysteine; C028505:cysteinylglycine; D005978:Glutathione; D003545:Cysteine