title: Neurotensin and EGF induce synergistic stimulation of DNA synthesis by increasing the duration of ERK signaling in ductal pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: Neurotensin (NT) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced rapid extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation through different signaling pathways in the K-Ras mutated human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2. NT stimulated ERK activation via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent (but EGF receptor-independent) pathway in PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, whereas EGF promoted ERK activation through a PKC-independent pathway in these cells. Concomitant stimulation of these cells with NT and EGF induced a striking increase in the duration of ERK pathway activation as compared with that obtained in cells treated with each agonist alone. Stimulation with NT + EGF promoted synergistic stimulation of DNA synthesis and anchorage-independent growth. Addition of the MEK inhibitor U0126, either prior to stimulation with NT + EGF or 2 h after stimulation with NT + EGF prevented the synergistic increase in DNA synthesis and suppressed the sustained phase of ERK activation. Furthermore, treatment with the selective PKC inhibitor GF-1 converted the sustained ERK activation in response to NT and EGF into a transient signal and also abrogated the synergistic increase in DNA synthesis. Collectively, our results suggest that the sustained phase of ERK signaling mediates the synergistic effects of NT and EGF on DNA synthesis in pancreatic cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-178622, USA.
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kisfalvi
authors.forename: Sushovan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guha
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rozengurt
mesh_terms: D002070:Butadienes / Q000378:metabolism; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004261:DNA Replication; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D009496:Neurotensin / Q000378:metabolism*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009570:Nitriles; C113580:U 0126; D009496:Neurotensin; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases