title: Histochemical and contractile properties of striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of dogs and sheep.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand their possible importance in long- and short-term control of continence, some properties of the striated muscles of the urethra and pelvic floor (levator ani) of dogs and sheep were investigated, especially fiber types and contractile characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Striated muscles of urethra and levator ani of 29 male and 6 female dogs and 11 male and 6 female sheep were removed and cut into strips. Some strips were frozen and stained for ATPase at pH 9.4 and 4.3 for fiber typing; others were set up in an organ bath to study contractile responses to nerve stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All muscles contained both type I (slow) and type II fibers, ranging from 97% type II in female greyhound urethra to 60% in female sheep levator ani. For each muscle, there were fewer type II muscles in sheep than in dog. The diameters of the urethral fibers were about 60% of the levator ani in dogs and 34% in sheep. Contraction of the urethral muscle was faster than for levator ani and declined to about 80% of the peak, 500 msec after the beginning of stimulation at 20 Hz. The levator ani contraction rose to a steady level as long as stimulation continued.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the levator ani and urethral striated muscles contain slow and fast fiber types. The levator ani muscles are capable of sustained contraction with rapid onset which will produce long-term closure of the urethra. The circular urethral muscle contraction was faster but less well maintained.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: Xinmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Creed
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000502:physiology; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000502:physiology; D012756:Sheep; D014521:Urethra / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases