title: Early enteral gut feeding with conditionally indispensable pharmaconutrients is metabolically safe and is well tolerated in postoperative cancer patients--a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postoperative early enteral gut feeding with conditionally indispensable pharmaconutrients can contribute to minimize trauma-induced gut damage. Aim of this pilot study was the evaluation of metabolic effects and gastrointestinal tolerance of a new enteral supplement.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective open clinical trial, 20 cancer patients received the test supplement containing glutamine (as dipeptides), antioxidative (pro-)vitamins (C, E, beta-carotene), maltodextrine, tributyrine, sodium, zinc, and selenium within 2-3 h after elective gastrointestinal surgery continuously via jejunostomy tube for 3 postoperative days (500 ml/day). From postoperative day 3-5, additional enteral nutrition (1500 kcal/6270 kJ/day) was given. Metabolic effects (substrate monitoring, hematology, liver/kidney parameters) and tolerance (nausea, vomiting, flatulence, constipation, diarrhea) was assessed through the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastrointestinal tolerance of the supplement was excellent: no adverse events related to the product were documented. Significantly increased mean plasma levels (day 3 vs. day 1) of vitamin C (13.0 +/- 7.3 vs. 62.8 +/- 29.7 micromol/l), vitamin E (13.5 +/- 6.6 vs. 20.8 +/- 9.2 micromol/l), zinc (5.6 +/- 1.9 vs. 8.6 +/- 2.3 micromol/l) and selenium (35.0 +/- 19.6 vs. 42.9 +/- 0.9 microg/l) as well as enhanced plasma glutamine levels (429.6 +/- 90.6 vs. 530 +/- 200.1 micromol/l) reflected an effective absorption of substrates supplied. Adverse effects on organ functions and hematology were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early postoperative gut feeding with the newly developed enteral supplement shows no adverse effects, is well tolerated in cancer patients and provides a novel method to deliver conditionally indispensable pharmaconutrients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ruhr-University Bochum, St. Josef Hospital, Germany. senkal@marien-hospital-witten.de
authors.forename: Metin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Senkal
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haaker
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deska
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steinfort
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zumtobel
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alteheld
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stehle
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007582:Jejunostomy; D008297:Male; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D014810:Vitamin E; D015032:Zinc; D001205:Ascorbic Acid