title: Intracranial relapse in Wilms tumor patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In children with nephroblastoma, recurrence with metastases in the central nervous system is rare. Recently, previous reports (NWTSG and UKCCSG) reported brain metastases with an incidence of respectively 0.5% and 0.6% in Wilms tumor (WT) patients (respectively n = 30/5,852 and n = 7/1,249).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively investigated the incidence and survival of patients with central nervous system relapse in WT patients, treated according to the consecutive SIOP protocols 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and 93-01. All children with WT from 1971 until 2000 were enrolled in the study (3,040 eligible patients). Specimens at diagnosis and if possible at relapse were centrally reviewed. Patients with renal neoplasms other than WT were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CNS relapse was documented in 14 patients (0.5%). Median time to CNS relapse was 16 months (3-69). The occurrence of relapse was not associated with specific histological subtypes. In seven patients intracranial metastases occurred at first relapse, of which two were isolated relapses. In five patients no treatment was started because of the poor condition of the patient, the other nine cases were treated with (a combination of) chemotherapy (n = 6), surgery (n = 4), and radiotherapy (n = 6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CNS relapse in WNT is rare. In contrast to reports of other Wilms tumor study groups, although four patients reached (local) CR, the SIOP registry showed that eventually none of the documented WT patients survived.
authors.affiliation: Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. m.vandenheuvel@erasmus.nl
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: van den Heuvel-Eibrink
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pein
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sandstedt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Tinteren
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: van der Vaart
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Kraker
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D003609:Dactinomycin; D014750:Vincristine