Unconventional indicators of drug dependence among elderly long-term users of benzodiazepines.
A quarter of the elderly population is prescribed benzodiazepines (BZD). This has led to growing concerns about drug dependence and the validity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for dependence to a substance. This study aimed to understand how dependence was experienced by long-term BZD users. Interviews were conducted with 45 elderly persons who had been using BZDs for an average of nine years. These users' comments suggest six indicators of dependence: self-identifying as a dependent user, invoking multiple stressors to justify BZD use, using BZD to cope with anticipated stressors, trivializing the dangers of BZDs, keeping a supply in reserve, having previously tried and failed to stop, and reducing the dosage. Our results stress the need to take a more elaborate, person-centered view of dependence.
Voyer
Philippe
P
Faculty of Nursing Sciences, Laval University, Cite Universitaire, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. philippe.voyer@fsi.ulaval.ca
McCubbin
Michael
M
Cohen
David
D
Lauzon
Sylvie
S
Collin
Johanne
J
Boivin
Caroline
C
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011792:Quebec; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D013997:Time Factors
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines