title: Prevention of ultraviolet-induced skin pigmentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases skin pigmentation and usually results in an even darkening of the skin. However, it may also occasionally lead to the development of hyperpigmented lesions due to a local overproduction of pigment. Skin pigmentation is induced both by UVB and UVA rays.
  
  
  METHODS
  The in vivo protection by sunscreens against pigmentation was studied using the determination of a level of protection against pigmentation based on the standardized sun protection factor (SPF) test method. The method includes delayed UVB and UVA pigmentations. The level of prevention against pigmentation was determined 7 days after exposure to solar-simulated radiation by visual assessment. It was calculated using the ratio of the minimal pigmenting dose on protected skin to the minimal pigmenting dose on unprotected skin. Broadspectrum UVB/UVA filters, Mexoryl SX and Mexoryl XL, and complete formula were tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protection against pigmentation correlates with the concentration of Mexoryl SX. The levels of protection obtained show a synergetic effect of Mexoryl SX when associated with Mexoryl XL. When different products having the same SPF (same protection against erythema) and different levels of UVA protection are compared, only sunscreen products with a high level of UVA protection show a similar level of protection against sunburn and pigmentation. Products with low UVA protection have a lower capacity of preventing induced pigmentation compared with their efficacy against erythema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies have evidenced that SPF determination was not sufficient to account for the efficiency in preventing pigmentation and that UVA protection was an essential part of this prevention.
authors.affiliation: L'Oréal Recherche, 8/12 Impasse Barbier, 92117 Clichy, France. dmoyal@rd.loreal.com
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moyal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001892:Camphanes; D002164:Camphor / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004890:Erythema / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008698:Mesylates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D013471:Sunburn / Q000517:prevention & control; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001892:Camphanes; D008698:Mesylates; D013451:Sulfonic Acids; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D014230:Triazoles; C075352:terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid; C401764:drometrizole; D002164:Camphor