title: Cellular FLIP inhibits beta-catenin ubiquitylation and enhances Wnt signaling.
abstract: Cellular FLIP (cFLIP) is a close homologue of caspase 8 without caspase activity that inhibits Fas signaling. The cFLIP protein is often expressed in human tumors and is believed to suppress antitumor immune responses involving the Fas system. Here, we report that a long form of cFLIP (cFLIP-L) inhibits beta-catenin ubiquitylation and increases endogenous cytosolic beta-catenin, which results in translocation of beta-catenin into nuclei and induction of beta-catenin-dependent gene expression in cFLIP-L-expressing cells. When cells stably expressing cFLIP-L were stimulated with Wnt3a, enhanced Wnt signaling was observed compared with the control cells. Conversely, depletion of endogenous cFLIP results in reduced Wnt signaling. Furthermore, cFLIP-L increases secondary-body axis formation when coinjected with suboptimal doses of beta-catenin into early Xenopus embryos. Down-regulation of FADD by RNA-mediated interference abolishes the beta-catenin-dependent gene expression induced by cFLIP-L. These results indicate that cFLIP-L, in cooperation with FADD, enhances canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin, thus suggesting an additional mechanism involved with tumorgenesis, in addition to inhibiting Fas signaling.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan. mnaito@iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mikihiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Ryohei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Toshiyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishioka
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takubo
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nanjo
authors.forename: Chizuko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taira
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Ritsuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Shu-Ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuzawa
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuruo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D014981:Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D053446:CASP8 and FADD-Like Apoptosis Regulating Protein; C506386:CFLAR protein, human; C495266:CTNNB1 protein, Xenopus; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025801:Ubiquitin; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D029867:Xenopus Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin