title: Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale guided by intracardiac echocardiography and performed through the transfemoral approach in the presence of previously placed inferior vena cava filters: a case series.
abstract: We present three patients with cryptogenic stroke who underwent transcatheter closure of a patent foramen ovale. All patients have had history of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with placement of inferior vena caval filters. The patients were not initially considered suitable candidates for the procedure because of risk of dislodgment of previously implanted inferior vena cava filter.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, Texas 77225, USA.
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Awadalla
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Boccalandro
authors.forename: Romeo A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Majano
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moustapha
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Salloum
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Smalling
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional; D016306:Vena Cava Filters; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior