title: Hyperbaric and normobaric reoxygenation of hypoxic rat brain slices--impact on purine nucleotides and cell viability.
abstract: Hyperbaric oxygen treatment has been suggested as able to reduce hypoxia induced neuronal damage. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of different reoxygenation strategies on early metabolical (purine nucleotide content determined by HPLC) and morphological changes (index of cell injury after celestine blue/acid fuchsin staining) of hypoxically damaged rat neocortical brain slices. For this purpose slices (300 microm and 900 microm) were subjected to either 5 or 30 min of hypoxia by gassing the incubation medium with nitrogen. During the following reoxygenation period treatment groups were administered either 100% oxygen (O) or room air (A) at normobaric (1 atm absolute, NB-O; NB-A) or hyperbaric (2.5 atm absolute, HB-O; HB-A) conditions. After 5 min of hypoxia, both HB-O and NB-O led to a complete nucleotide status restoration (ATP/ADP; GTP/GDP) in 300 microm slices. However, reoxygenation after 30 min of hypoxia was less effective, irrespective of the oxygen pressure. Furthermore, administering hyperbaric room air resulted in no significant posthypoxic nucleotide recovery. In 900 microm slices, both control incubation as well as 30 min of hypoxia resulted in significantly lower trinucleotide and higher dinucleotide levels compared to 300 microm slices. While there was no significant difference between HB-O and NB-O on the nucleotide status, morphological evaluation revealed a better recovery of the index of cell injury (profoundly injured/intact cell-ratio) in the HB-O group. Conclusively, the posthypoxic recovery of metabolical characteristics was dependent on the duration of hypoxia and slice thickness, but not on the reoxygenation pressure. A clear restorative effect on purine nucleotides was found only in early-administered HB-O as well as NB-O in contrast to room air treated slices. However, these pressure independent metabolic changes were morphologically accompanied by a significantly improved index of cell injury, indicating a possible neuroprotective role of HB-O in early posthypoxic reoxygenation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 22a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. albrecht.guenther@uniklinik-leipzig.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Günther
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manaenko
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berrouschot
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D002452:Cell Count; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D006931:Hyperbaric Oxygenation; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D019579:Neocortex / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D011685:Purine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D011685:Purine Nucleotides; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate