title: Delayed exacerbation of acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmia by tracheal instillation of diesel exhaust particles.
abstract: For understanding the relationship between the increased incidence of sudden cardiac death and air pollution, we examined the effects of intratracheal instillation of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) on acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmia in rats. The animals received 1 mg DEP 24-48 h before the ischemia/reperfusion (DEP-pretreated group, DEP-PRE), and were subjected to 3 successive brief ischemia/reperfusion (3 min ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion) procedures. These were to make the animals tolerant to ischemia/reperfusion-related myocardial deterioration. Thereafter the animals were subjected to a 10-min ischemia followed by a 30-min reperfusion. In the experiments, an increased mortality was observed in the DEP-PRE group compared to the vehicle (0.05% Tween 80-PBS)-treated group. Forty-six percent of the animals in DEP-PRE died during the first 3-min reperfusion period. The animals of other groups were intratracheally instilled with DEP at the beginning of ischemia/reperfusion experiment, or were pretreated with polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (1000 IU kg(-1), iv). In these animals, incidences of both arrhythmia and mortality were similar to those in the animals treated with the vehicle. In experiments to investigate the effects of DEP on the biochemical and hematological parameters, neutrophil count was elevated by a higher dose (5 mg) of DEP at 24 h after the intratracheal instillation, and oxygen radical production, which was induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, was enhanced at 72 h. These results indicate that intratracheal DEP instillation exacerbates short-period ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmia. Delivery and activation of peripheral neutrophils and oxygen radicals produced in neutrophils might participate in this exacerbation. This is the first article that demonstrates the arrhythmogenicity of DEP using intratracheal instillation in rats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Pathology, Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan. yokota.s@fdsc.or.jp
authors.forename: Syunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furuya
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Marumo
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Atsunaka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008136:Longevity / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D015996:Survival Rate; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase