title: Adrenomedullin contributes to vascular hyporeactivity in cirrhotic rats with ascites via a release of nitric oxide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Plasma levels of adrenomedullin, a potent vasodilator peptide, are increased in cirrhotic patients, whereas its role in vascular hyporeactivity in cirrhosis has not been clarified.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adrenomedullin expression was evaluated by radioimmunoassay and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Vascular reactivity to phenylephrine, alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, was investigated in the aortic rings from control rats and CCl-induced cirrhotic rats with ascites in the presence of the neutralizing antibody against adrenomedullin, human adrenomedullin and/or N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma adrenomedullin levels were significantly higher in cirrhotic rats than in controls (16.3 +/- 2.9 versus 7.4 +/- 1.7 fmol/mL, P < 0.05) and correlated negatively with systemic arterial pressure (r = -0.62, P < 0.05). Gene expression of adrenomedullin in various organs (liver, kidney, lung) and vessels (portal vein, aorta) was enhanced in cirrhotic rats compared with controls. Neutralizing antibody against adrenomedullin ameliorated the blunted contractile response to phenylephrine in cirrhotic aorta (Rmax: 1.5 +/- 0.1 versus 1.0 +/- 0.1 g/mg tissue, P < 0.05), whereas contraction remained unchanged in control aorta (Rmax: 1.9 +/- 0.2 versus 1.9 +/- 0.2 g/mg tissue). Intravenous infusion of human adrenomedullin induced a reduction of mean arterial pressure together with an increase of serum nitrate levels, which was abolished by neutralizing antibody against adrenomedullin. Human adrenomedullin caused a blunted contractile response to phenylephrine in both control and cirrhotic aortas, which was not observed in the presence of N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that the overproduction of adrenomedullin may contribute to vascular hyporeactivity in cirrhosis via a release of nitric oxide.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Minamino
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kangawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects*; D001201:Ascites / Q000378:metabolism; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009569:Nitric Oxide