title: Justice deferred a half century after Brown v. Board of Education.
abstract: The road to Brown v. Board of Education (1954) was a slow and circuitous climb, whereas the retreat down from Brown has been swift and direct. This article reviews 4 distinct U.S. Supreme Court eras of racial decisions: the segregation, preparatory, desegregation, and resegregation eras. It notes both the strengths and weaknesses of Brown and discusses the effects of school desegregation. Did racial diversity improve the life chances of African American children as intended? The results of longitudinal research demonstrate that the effects have been positive, although these results are not widely known by the American public. The article challenges this and other misconceptions about school desegregation that have become entrenched in the public's thinking and addresses ways to rekindle the spirit of Brown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Social Science II, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. pettigr@ucsc.edu
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Pettigrew
mesh_terms: D044383:Black People / Q000266:history*; D002648:Child; D002961:Civil Rights / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D011287:Prejudice; D011822:Race Relations / Q000266:history*; D012574:Schools / Q000266:history*; D012935:Social Justice; D035521:Supreme Court Decisions / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000266:history*; D001741:Black or African American