title: A modified CULTEX system for the direct exposure of bacteria to inhalable substances.
abstract: Increasing attention is being paid to the impact on human health of inhaled gaseous compounds and complex mixtures such as cigarette smoke. The evaluation of the genotoxicity of such materials is mostly based on experiments with model substances or mixtures and condensates in the standard Ames assay. Due to the methodological difficulties of testing air contaminants in their natural gaseous or aerosolised state, there are no generally accepted concepts and techniques for effective exposure of bacteria under such conditions. Therefore, we established a novel experimental approach using an exposure device based on the cell exposure system CULTEX. This allows us to investigate chemically and physically unchanged atmospheres like mainstream cigarette smoke by exposing bacteria of Salmonella typhimurium strains directly on the surface of culture media. The CULTEX exposure device can be connected to gas or aerosol generating systems. The introduction of this exposure device in the field of inhalation genotoxicology offers new test strategies for the in vitro evaluation of a wide range of inhalable substances in both laboratory and ambient situations. A patent was applied for this technical solution.
authors.affiliation: Department of In-Vitro Toxicology, Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany. aufderheide@item.fraunhofer.de
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aufderheide
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mohr
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009153:Mutagens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009153:Mutagens