title: Digitalis in the treatment of heart failure in the elderly. The GIFA study results.
abstract: Digitalis glycosides have played an important role in the treatment of patients with heart failure (HF) for more than two centuries. Despite the introduction of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of HF, and controversies regarding the role of digitalis in HF in sinus rhythm and its effect on mortality, digoxin is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the community and in hospital settings, particularly in the elderly. The Italian Group of Pharmacosurveillance in the Elderly (GIFA) monitored 20,047 hospitalized patients in 1988, 1991 and 1993, and found that digoxin was the most frequently prescribed drug in the management of HF. Inappropriate prescriptions of digitalis, defined with standardized criteria, were uncommon, and the mean daily dosage was low. Compared to earlier studies the incidence rate of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to digoxin, was also low. The reduction in ADRs incidence was probably due to a better understanding of digoxin pharmacokinetics and to a lower daily dosage in the elderly. Nevertheless, digoxin toxicity was significantly more frequent in patients aged >or= 80 years than in those aged < 65 and and 65-79 years. In a multidrug approach to the treatment of chronic HF, digoxin exerts clinical benefits also in patients with sinus rhythm, it is not costly, it is easy to administer, and toxic effects are not common.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carosella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahor
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pedone
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manto
authors.forename: P U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Carbonin