title: Migration of implanted free radioactive seeds for adenocarcinoma of the prostate using a Mick applicator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates the rate of free seed migration and associated seed-related sequelae after using a radioimmunoguided Mick applicator technique to place radioactive seeds within the prostate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between December 1998 and September 2002, 120 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer underwent interstitial transperineal prostate brachytherapy with free (125)I or (103)Pd seeds positioned using a radioimmunoguided Mick applicator technique. Orthogonal pelvic and chest radiographs were obtained postimplant (Day 0) and at a second follow-up visit to determine the rate of radioactive seed embolization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the day of implant (Day 0), 7 (6%) of the 120 men demonstrated single pulmonary seed emboli; none of these seeds migrated subsequently. During follow-up, 87 (72.5%) men had a total of 249 (2.0%) out of 12,524 seeds implanted migrate. Sixty-eight (0.55%) of the implanted seeds migrated to the lungs, an incidence common among brachytherapy techniques utilizing free or vicryl-laden radioactive seeds. No clinical symptoms or adverse sequelae from seed emboli have been reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of seed emboli to the pulmonary vessels or to other tissue localities resulting from a radioimmunoguided Mick applicator technique does not appear to be markedly different from the reported rate seen with other free seed techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kunos
authors.forename: Martin I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Resnick
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kinsella
authors.forename: Rodney J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ellis
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D010165:Palladium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010388:Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium