title: Accounting for the cost of scaling-up health interventions.
abstract: Recent studies such as the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health have highlighted the need for expanding the coverage of services for HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, immunisations and other diseases. In order for policy makers to plan for these changes, they need to analyse the change in costs when interventions are 'scaled-up' to cover greater percentages of the population. Previous studies suggest that applying current unit costs to an entire population can misconstrue the true costs of an intervention. This study presents the methodology used in WHO-CHOICE's generalised cost effectiveness analysis, which includes non-linear cost functions for health centres, transportation and supervision costs, as well as the presence of fixed costs of establishing a health infrastructure. Results show changing marginal costs as predicted by economic theory.
authors.affiliation: Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy (GPE/EQC), World Health Organization, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. johnsb@who.int
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Baltussen
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D003361:Cost Allocation; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003462:Cuba; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics*; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000191:economics*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D017059:Models, Econometric; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D009656:North America; D012040:Regional Health Planning; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D014186:Transportation / Q000191:economics; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D014944:World Health Organization