title: Study of a new rate increasing "base effect" in the palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl iodides.
abstract: Evidence for an interphase deprotonation of Pd(II)-amine complexes with weak carbonate base has been gained for the first time. When a rate-limiting deprotonation step is involved in the catalytic cycle, controlling the structure (shape and size of the particles) and/or molar excess of the carbonate base used can significantly increase the reaction rate of Buchwald-Hartwig aminations. By taking such a "base effect" into account a general protocol for the intermolecular amination of aryl iodides with all types of amines has been developed based on a standard Pd-BINAP catalyst, using cesium carbonate as the base.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: Bert U W
authors.initials: BU
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: Kristof T J
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Loones
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bal
authors.forename: Guy L F
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Lemière
authors.forename: Roger A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dommisse