title: Clinical relevance of optineurin sequence alterations in Japanese glaucoma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the clinical relevance of sequence alterations in the optineurin gene (OPTN) among Japanese patients with open-angle glaucoma, including both primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA was isolated from 83 patients with open-angle glaucoma (55 with POAG and 28 with NTG) and 58 control subjects. The 13 exons of OPTN corresponding to the coding region were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced. Clinical factors were compared between glaucoma patients with and without a certain nucleotide change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reported heterozygous mutations, c.458G > A(Glu50Lys) in exon 4 and c.691_692insAG in exon 6, were not found in any glaucoma patients or control subjects. The reported c.603T > A(Met98Lys) in exon 5 was significantly more prevalent in the POAG (8/55, 14.5%, p=0.0147) and NTG (4/28, 14.2%, p=0.0369) patients, and even in both the POAG and NTG patients combined (12/83, 14.4%, p=0.0149, Fisher exact probability test), than in the control subjects (1/58, 1.7%). The rates of the reported c.1944G > A(Arg545Gln) in exon 16 were not significantly different between open-angle glaucoma patients (3/83, 3.6%) and control subjects (4/58, 6.8%). In addition, a heterozygous change, c.412G > A(Thr34Thr) in exon 4 was found in 18 (21.6%) open-angle glaucoma patients and seven (12.0%) control subjects. Another heterozygous change, c.457C > T(Thr49Thr), in exon 4 was found only in three POAG patients. The 18 open-angle glaucoma patients with c.412G > A showed significantly larger cup-to-disc ratios (p=0.0178, Mann-Whitney U test), significantly more deteriorated mean deviations of the visual field in the left eye at the final visit (p=0.0076), and a significantly higher rate of surgery and/or laser history (p=0.0321, Fisher exact probability test) than the 65 open-angle glaucoma patients without the nucleotide change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Met98Lys is a risk-associated alteration for open-angle glaucoma, including POAG and NTG, in the Japanese population as initially reported. The amino acid-preserving polymorphism, c.412G > A, may be a genetic risk factor for the progression of open- angle glaucoma in this Japanese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama City, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtsuki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D035582:Transcription Factor TFIIIA / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C409460:OPTN protein, human; D035582:Transcription Factor TFIIIA