title: Moisture effects in heat transfer through clothing systems for wildland firefighters.
abstract: Wildland firefighters work in unfavourable environments involving both heat and moisture. Moisture in clothing systems worn by wildland firefighters may increase or decrease heat transfer, depending on its source and location in the clothing system, location on the body, timing of application and degree of sorption. In this experiment, 4 outerwear/underwear combinations were exposed to 1 of 5 different conditions varying on amount and location of moisture. The fabric systems were then exposed to either a high-heat-flux flame exposure (83 kW/m(2)) or a low-heat-flux radiant exposure (10 kW/m(2)). Under high-heat-flux flame exposures, external moisture tended to decrease heat transfer through the fabric systems, while internal moisture tended to increase heat transfer. Under low-heat-flux radiant exposures, internal moisture decreased heat transfer through the fabric systems. The nature and extent of such differences was fabric dependent. Implications for test protocol development are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Human Ecology and Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. lelia.lawson@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Lelia K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Crown
authors.forename: Mark Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: J Douglas
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Dale
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D005390:Fires; D006359:Heat Exhaustion / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D008422:Materials Testing; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D011481:Protective Clothing; D013546:Sweating; D013784:Textiles