Prospects for an effective T cell-based immunoprophylaxis against mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.
Globally, more than 2000 children under 15 years of age are infected with HIV-1 every day. Some of these infections occur in utero, but the majority of children become infected at delivery and after birth through breast-feeding. While success of antiretroviral therapy dramatically decreased mother-to-child transmission in developed countries, antiretroviral drugs are not yet widely available and bottle-feeding is not an option in economically impoverished countries, where burden of HIV-1 infections is the highest. There, effective accessible HIV-1 vaccines limiting spread of HIV-1 in adults and preventing infection of neonates through breast-feeding are urgently needed. For infant vaccines, given the difficulties in inducing widely cross-reactive HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies, effort has now shifted towards elicitation of cell-mediated immunity, likely in a combination with passively infused neutralizing antibodies and/or chemoprophylaxis. This review discusses prospects of the T-cell approach for development of a paediatric HIV-1 vaccine.
Hanke
T
T
MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The John Radcliffe, Oxford, United Kingdom. tomas.hanke@imm.ox.ac.uk
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D016915:AIDS Vaccines