title: Outcomes and costs of risperidone versus olanzapine in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders: a Markov model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare expected outcomes and costs of care in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders who are treated with risperidone versus olanzapine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Markov model was developed to examine outcomes and costs of care in patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders receiving risperidone or olanzapine. The time frame of interest was 1 year. The model focused particular attention on the likelihood of therapy switching and discontinuation as a result of treatment-emergent side effects, as the efficacy of these two agents is similar. Measures of interest included the incidence of relapse and selected side effects including extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS), prolactin-related disorders and diabetes, expected change in body weight, and the percentage of patients remaining on initial therapy at the end of 1 year. Costs of antipsychotic therapy and psychiatric and nonpsychiatric services also were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1 year, the rate of EPS was estimated to be slightly higher for risperidone, as was the incidence of symptomatic prolactin-related disorders. The expected incidence of diabetes mellitus, while low, was slightly higher for olanzapine. Approximately 25% and 4% of olanzapine and risperidone patients, respectively, were projected to experience an increase in body weight > or = 7%. The estimated percentage of patients remaining on initial therapy at the end of 1 year was higher for risperidone than olanzapine (76.9% vs. 45.6%, respectively). Expected mean total costs of care per month of therapy were $2163 for risperidone and $2316 for olanzapine. Results from sensitivity analyses suggest that the probability of therapy discontinuation following weight gain >5 kg would have to be lower than 0.1 for the number of patients remaining on therapy at the end of 1 year to be the same for risperidone and olanzapine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with risperidone, treatment with olanzapine may result in greater increases in body weight, higher rates of therapy discontinuation, and higher costs of medical-care services.
authors.affiliation: Policy Analysis Inc. (PAI), Brookline, MA 02445, USA.
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vera-Llonch
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Delea
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rupnow
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grogg
authors.forename: Gerry
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oster
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D000077152:Olanzapine; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012008:Recurrence; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine