title: Clinically important renal impairment in various groups of old persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess renal function in various groups of elderly persons, and to determine the proportion of patients with clinically important renal impairment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three geriatric populations aged 70 years and over, representing increasing levels of care/treatment: community-dwelling elderly referred to a geriatric outpatient department, inpatients on a geriatric ward, and nursing home patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cockroft and Gault's formula was applied to calculate glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Differences in GFR between age groups and between care levels were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altogether 288 elderly persons were included in the study. We observed a general age-related decline of renal function. Only 2% of the participants had normal renal function (GFR >90 ml/min), 13% had light (GFR 60-89 ml/min), 68% moderate (GFR 30-59 ml/min), and 17% severe (GFR 15-29 ml/min) impairment in GFR. Moderate or severely decreased GFR was observed in 75% of the outpatients, 78% of the patients from the geriatric ward, and 91% of the nursing home patients. Altogether 99% of patients aged 85+ had renal impairment necessitating dosing adjustment for drugs that are mainly eliminated through renal excretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinically important renal impairment is common in old age, especially in the frailest elderly living in nursing homes. This finding underlines the necessity for close supervision of drug treatment based on renal function in old age.
authors.affiliation: Section for Geriatric Medicine, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, NO-5018 Bergen, Norway.
authors.forename: Harald A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Nygaard
authors.forename: Mala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruths
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krüger
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations