title: Characterization of the potent luteinizing hormone-releasing activity of KiSS-1 peptide, the natural ligand of GPR54.
abstract: Loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding GPR54, the putative receptor for the KiSS-1-derived peptide metastin, have been recently associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, in both rodents and humans. Yet the actual role of the KiSS-1/GPR54 system in the neuroendocrine control of gonadotropin secretion remains largely unexplored. To initiate such analysis, the effects of KiSS-1 peptide on LH secretion were monitored using in vivo and in vitro settings under different experimental conditions. Central intracerebroventricular administration of KiSS-1 peptide potently elicited LH secretion in vivo over a range of doses from 10 pmol to 1 nmol. The effect of centrally injected KiSS-1 appeared to be mediated via the hypothalamic LHRH. However, no effect of central administration of KiSS-1 was detected on relative LHRH mRNA levels. Likewise, systemic (i.p. and i.v.) injection of KiSS-1 markedly stimulated LH secretion. This effect was similar in terms of maximum response to that of central administration of KiSS-1 and might be partially attributed to its ability to stimulate LH secretion directly at the pituitary. Finally, the LH-releasing activity of KiSS-1 was persistently observed after blockade of endogenous excitatory amino acid and nitric oxide pathways, i.e. relevant neurotransmitters in the neuroendocrine control of LH secretion. In summary, our results provide solid evidence for a potent stimulatory effect of KiSS-1 on LH release, acting at central levels (likely the hypothalamus) and eventually at the pituitary, and further document a novel role of the KiSS-1/GPR54 system as a relevant downstream element in the neuroendocrine network governing LH secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández-Fernández
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nogueiras
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barreiro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aguilar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dieguez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinilla
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tena-Sempere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D059648:Kisspeptins; D008024:Ligands; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000187:drug effects; D011506:Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids; C491407:Kiss1 protein, mouse; C492248:Kiss1r protein, mouse; D059648:Kisspeptins; D008024:Ligands; D011506:Proteins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D000074502:Receptors, Kisspeptin-1; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone