Pax genes in myogenesis: alternate transcripts add complexity.
Pax3 and Pax7 are powerful myogenic inducers and hence play a critical role in skeletal muscle development and regeneration. In this paper we discuss the role of Pax3 and Pax7 in dorsal patterning of the somite with subsequent determination of myogenic precursor cells for muscle formation within the developing embryo and in adult muscle. Recent evidence of the ability of stem cells to contribute to muscle regeneration in adult tissues, and the role of Pax7 in conversion of multipotent stem cells to the myogenic lineage are also discussed. Several tissue specific Pax7 transcripts that encode isoforms with different DNA binding characteristics and potentially distinct transactivation specificities are identified. The expression of a range of transcripts in the determination of different tissue lineages and distinct cell populations both in the embryo and in the adult indicates an extraordinary level of complexity. A detailed understanding of these molecules and their functions during embryogenesis and adult muscle formation is imperative for future stem cell therapies.
Lamey
T M
TM
School of Biomedical and Sports Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
Koenders
A
A
Ziman
M
M
D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002465:Cell Movement; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D024510:Muscle Development / Q000235:genetics*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019170:Somites / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; C489409:PAX3 protein, human; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor; C497321:PAX7 protein, human; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; C497322:Pax7 protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C068686:Pax3 protein, mouse; D004247:DNA