title: Lipopolysaccharide-free heat shock protein 60 activates T cells.
abstract: A possible function of eukaryotic heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) as endogenous danger signal has been controversially discussed in the past. Hsp60 was shown to induce the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in professional antigen-presenting cells and to enhance the activation of T cells in primary stimulation. However, in vitro activation of macrophages by Hsp60 was attributed to contaminating endotoxin in the recombinant Hsp60 protein preparations. Here, we employ low endotoxin recombinant human Hsp60 and murine Hsp60 expressed by eukaryotic cell lines to dissect the Hsp60 protein-mediated effects from biologic effects that are mediated by prokaryotic contaminants in the Hsp60 protein preparation. The induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion in mouse macrophages is lost after endotoxin removal and is not mediated by Hsp60 expressed in eukaryotic systems. In contrast, the Hsp60-mediated enhancement of antigen-specific T cell activation does not correlate with endotoxin contamination. Moreover, Hsp60 that is expressed on the surface of different eukaryotic cell lines increases the activation of T cells in primary stimulation. Taken together, we provide evidence that endogenous Hsp60, which is thought to be released from dying infected cells in vivo, has a biological function that is not due to contaminating pathogen-associated molecules.
authors.affiliation: Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Osterloh
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meier-Stiegen
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fleischer
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Bonin
authors.forename: Minka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breloer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018834:Chaperonin 60; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma