title: Effect of pioglitazone on carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients.
abstract: Atherosclerosis is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes, and pioglitazone has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and potential antiatherogenic effects. The aim of the present study was to determine whether pioglitazone, glibenclamide, or voglibose affects carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in normotensive type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. Forty-five normotensive type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria were randomized to 12-month treatment with pioglitazone (30 mg/d, n = 15), glibenclamide (5 mg/d, n = 15), or voglibose (0.6 mg/d, n = 15). Pre- and posttreatment UAE, PWV, and IMT values were compared between treatment groups and a group of age-matched healthy control subjects (n = 30). Pretreatment PWV, IMT, and UAE values differed little between the 3 groups, but UAE was greater in the 45 type 2 diabetes patients (132.5 +/- 36.4 microg/min) than in the control subjects (6.2 +/- 1.8 microg/min, P < .001). IMT (0.76 +/- 0.12 mm) was significantly greater in the diabetics than in the controls (0.60 +/- 0.08 mm, P < .01). PWV (1,840 +/- 320 cm/s) was also significantly greater in the diabetics than in the controls (1,350 +/- 225 cm/s, P < .01). After 6 and 12 months, UAE, IMT, and PWV in the pioglitazone treatment group were significantly lower than those in the glibenclamide treatment group and voglibose treatment group (UAE: 6 months, P < .05 and 12 months, P < .01; IMT and PWV: 6 months, P < .05 and 12 months, P < .05). Pioglitazone, but not glibenclamide or voglibose, appears to be effective in reducing UAE, IMT, and PWV in normotensive type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shinmatsudo Central General Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takaharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawagoe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekizuka
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koide
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000517:prevention & control; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007294:Inositol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007294:Inositol; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D011498:Protein Precursors; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; C040839:pre-hemoglobin A, glycosylated; C102817:voglibose