title: Sophorae radix extract inhibits high glucose-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation on endothelial cell line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sophorae radix (SR) has been used for various diseases including atherosclerosis and arrhythmias. Atherosclerosis induced by hyperglycemia is an important factor in the promotion of diabetic complications. An early event in atherosclerosis is the adhesion of monocytes to endothelium via adhesion molecules. Among them, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression mediates the binding of monocytes and lymphocytes to vascular endothelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on vascular endothelial cells (ECV304 cells) that were pretreated with various concentrations of SR extract for 3 h before exposure with high glucose (55.5 mmol/l) for 48 h. The protein expression of VCAM-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and its mRNA expression was by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  SR extract significantly inhibited high glucose-induced expression of VCAM-1 in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the level of VCAM-1 mRNA through interfering with translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Decreased VCAM-1 expression by SR extract was associated reduction of adherence between high glucose-stimulated ECV304 cells and human monocyte-like HL-60 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that SR extract inhibits high glucose-mediated monocytes-endothelial cells adhesions and expression of VCAM-1 via inhibition of NF-kappaB translocation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Kang-Beom
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Eun-Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung-Gook
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Byung-Cheul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Yung-Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Eun-A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Ki-Young
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Bong-Keun
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Do-Gon
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ryu
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002460:Cell Line; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D029909:Sophora; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D005947:Glucose