Maternal chronic infection as a risk factor in preterm low birth weight infants: the link with periodontal infection.
In the past decade, there has been mounting scientific evidence suggesting that periodontal disease may play an important role as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes. This article focuses on the definition, incidence, risk factors associated with preterm low birthweight infants (PLBW), the evidence linking chronic infections and PLBW, and the scientific evidence linking periodontal infections with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, this review summarizes the current epidemiological studies on the PLBW/infection relation and makes conclusions based on these results. Data from a limited number of studies available support the hypothesis that periodontal disease may act as a risk factor for PLBW infants. The fetal exposure to different periodontal pathogens needs to be confirmed, the mechanisms associated with the potential passage of periodontal bacteria across the placental barrier, and the efficacy of different periodontal treatments in reducing the risk for PLBW need to be studied further.
Sánchez
Andrés R
AR
Division of Periodontics, Department of Dental Specialties, Mayo Clinic W4A, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. dr_a_sanchez@hotmail.com
Kupp
Leo I
LI
Sheridan
Phillip J
PJ
Sánchez
Diego R
DR
D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000209:etiology*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors