title: In vitro testing of fresh and lyophilized reconstituted human and baboon platelets.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have been performed on human fresh, liquid-preserved, and cryopreserved platelets (PLTs) to assess PLT-adhesive surface receptors, PLT membrane procoagulant activity, PLT aggregation, and thromboxane production. Lyophilization has been developed as a method to preserve PLTs. This study was performed to evaluate these measurements on human and baboon fresh and lyophilized reconstituted PLTs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In both human and baboon fresh and lyophilized PLTs, aggregation response and PLT production of thromboxane A2 were measured after stimulation, and PLT surface markers P-selectin, glycoprotein (GP) Ib, GPIIb-IIIa, and factor (F) V were measured before and after stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fresh PLTs responded to the dual agonists arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to aggregate and produce thromboxane A2, and in both the PLT surface markers P-selectin and GPIIb-IIIa increased and GPIb decreased after stimulation. Neither human nor baboon lyophilized reconstituted PLTs aggregated to dual agonists, and neither produced thromboxane A2, increased PLT surface markers P-selectin or GPIIb-IIIa, or decreased PLT GPIb after stimulation. Nevertheless, after recalcification the lyophilized reconstituted PLTs accumulated FV to a significantly greater degree than fresh PLTs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lyophilized reconstituted PLTs exhibited modification of the PLT membrane that interfered with aggregation and thromboxane production, prevented increases in PLT P-selectin and GPIIb-IIIa and decreases in GPIb after stimulation, and increased FV accumulation after recalcification. The in vitro data suggest that lyophilized PLTs may have reduced in vivo survival. In vivo studies are needed to determine the survival and function of lyophilized PLTs.
authors.affiliation: Naval Blood Research Laboratory, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA. navblood@nbrl.org
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Valeri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Macgregor
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Barnard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Summaria
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ragno
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D001793:Blood Preservation; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000032:analysis; D015925:Cryopreservation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006801:Humans; D010215:Papio; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D013928:Thromboxane A2