title: Enzymatic high digestion of soybean milk residue (okara).
abstract: The objective of this study was to digest okara in high yield by food-processing enzymes. Autoclaving of okara was effective in increasing cellulase digestion for the primary cell wall, and the digestion was accelerated by the formation of single cells by stirring. Most of the residual okara after autoclaving and cellulase digestion was found to be the secondary cell walls compared with the cellulase-treated soybean single cells. The secondary cell wall was found to be composed of galacturonic acid, neutral sugars, and protein and was considered to be a complex of these compositions. Many cellulolytic and proteolytic enzymes could not digest the secondary cell wall; however, it was found that two pectinases could digest the secondary cell wall. A series of digestions resulted in yields of 83-85% from the raw okara, and the final residues were identified as oil body complexes in the soybean cells and fiber-like organ between the cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Nutrient Chemistry, and Fermentation Chemistry, Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan. kasai@biochem.osakafu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Aoi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inui
authors.forename: Tatsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Rokibul Isra
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002480:Cellulase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006868:Hydrolysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011096:Polygalacturonase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011312:Pressure; D045730:Soy Foods; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D011134:Polysaccharides; C412882:okara, Glycine max; D011096:Polygalacturonase; D002480:Cellulase