title: Cochlear implantation via the round window membrane minimizes trauma to cochlear structures: a histologically controlled insertion study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate cochlear implant trauma to intracochlear structures when inserting the electrode via the round window membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight fresh human temporal bones were evaluated histologically after insertion using two types of cochlear implant array. Bones underwent a special fixation and embedding procedure that allowed sectioning of undecalcified bone with the electrode in situ. Insertions depths were evaluated radiologically and histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All arrays were found in the scala tympani of the cochlea. Basal trauma could be avoided in all but one specimen. The mean depth of insertion was 382.5 degrees. Apically, only one implanted bone showed cochlear trauma exceeding lifting of the basilar membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insertions through the round window membrane were shown to be atraumatic, even in basal cochlear regions. This route of insertion might be very effective for combined electric and acoustic stimulation of the auditory system.
authors.affiliation: ENT Department, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. adunka@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Adunka
authors.forename: Marc H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Unkelbach
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hambek
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gstoettner
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kiefer
mesh_terms: D003051:Cochlea / Q000601:surgery*; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology*; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000166:cytology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*