title: Resolution improvement in thick-slab magnetic resonance digital subtraction angiography using SENSE at 3T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the use of parallel imaging (sensitivity encoding [SENSE]) to improve spatial resolution and achieve sub-second temporal resolution in fluoroscopic contrast-enhanced, magnetic resonance digital subtraction angiography (MR-DSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  A MR-DSA sequence was optimized on a 3-T scanner with respect to sampling bandwidth and SENSE acceleration factor subject to the constraints of half-second acquisition time and 0.6 x 1.2 mm in-plane resolution. MR-DSA with and without SENSE acceleration was then evaluated in patients with arterio-venous malformations (AVMs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent with previously reported results and theory, SENSE factors greater than two and increasing sampling bandwidth both led to increasing image noise. Compared to lower resolution MR-DSA images with similar temporal resolution, the SENSE accelerated sequence provided better spatial resolution without notable changes in the contrast enhancement of the vascular territories of the AVMs but was hampered somewhat in the late venous phases by a reconstruction artifact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SENSE acceleration of MR-DSA by a factor of two allows improved temporal or spatial resolution without significant loss of image quality. Signal-to-noise degradation associated with higher SENSE acceleration factors are likely to necessitate other approaches to further improving resolution in MR-DSA. Clinically, SENSE accelerated MR-DSA improves the non-invasive pre- and postoperative depiction of AVM flow dynamics.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. paul.summers@usz.ch
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: Spyros S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kollias
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Valavanis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods*; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media