title: Auditory guidance in a smoke-filled tunnel.
abstract: As a test on auditory guidance, participants tried to find refuge and safety in a road tunnel in dense smoke with sound beacons over the escape exits. The beacons emitted a 'shhussing' noise with a 5-Hz pulse frequency. Three groups participated, 32 or 33 participants per group, the first with minimal instruction (sound not mentioned), the second with beacons instruction 'sound beacons help you to orient', and the third with full instruction 'sound beacons over the escape exits'. The percentage of participants finding an escape exit was 16, 21, and 70%, respectively. While the potential of auditory guidance is amply demonstrated, there is the possibility that improvement in the recognition of the sound could improve escape exit usage further. It is recommended to include in the sound of the beacon the speech fragment 'exit here'. This will probably eliminate the need for instruction. If, in the future, the beacons are used broadly (in buildings, on ships and planes), the recognition issue should diminish.
authors.affiliation: TNO Human Factors, NL. boer@tm.tno.nl
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Withington
mesh_terms: D020378:Confined Spaces; D004924:Escape Reaction; D005390:Fires; D006801:Humans; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D011571:Psychoacoustics; D012906:Smoke; D013017:Sound Localization / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012906:Smoke