title: Association of the -141C Del variant of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) with positive family history and suicidality in German alcoholics.
abstract: Several lines of evidence indicate an involvement of the dopaminergic system in alcoholism, withdrawal, suicidality, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The functionally relevant -141C Ins/Del polymorphism located upstream to exon 1 in the 5'-region of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene might be an interesting candidate gene. We investigated a sample of 1,126 well-characterized, primary chronic alcoholics of German descent according to a phenotype-genotype strategy, i.e., alcoholics suffering from severe withdrawal complications such as seizure or delirium, family history positive (FH+) alcoholics, alcoholics with an antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), alcoholics with an ADHD, and type 1 or type 2 alcoholics according to Cloninger's typology. Compared to the control subjects, there was a significant excess of the -141C Del allele in alcoholics with a paternal and grandpaternal history of alcoholism and in alcoholic subgroups with suicidality or without a history of withdrawal symptoms. There were no significant differences in allele frequency between the entire group or subgroups of alcoholics and healthy controls. Therefore, the -141C Del variant of the DRD2 might be a protective factor against the development of withdrawal symptoms. However, it might also be a risk factor in a highly burdened subgroup of alcoholics with a paternal and grandpaternal history of alcoholism and it might contribute to the substantially higher likelihood of suicide in alcoholics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Universitaetssr. 84, 93053 Regensburg, Germany. monika.johann@bzk.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johann
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Putzhammer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eichhammer
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wodarz
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology; D000483:Alleles; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005192:Family Health; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D013405:Suicide
chemical_list: D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2