title: Alvimopan, a novel, peripherally acting mu opioid antagonist: results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of major abdominal surgery and postoperative ileus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate that alvimopan (6 or 12 mg) accelerates recovery of gastrointestinal (GI) function in patients undergoing laparotomy for bowel resection or radical hysterectomy.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Postoperative ileus (POI) following laparotomy may increase morbidity and extend hospitalization. Opioids can contribute to the duration of POI. Alvimopan is a novel opioid receptor antagonist in development for the management of POI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 510 patients scheduled for bowel resection or radical hysterectomy were randomized (1:1:1) to receive alvimopan 6 mg, alvimopan 12 mg, or placebo orally > or =2 hours before surgery, then twice a day (b.i.d.) until hospital discharge or for up to 7 days. The primary efficacy end point was a composite of time to recovery of upper and lower GI function. An associated secondary end point was time to hospital discharge order written.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The modified intent-to-treat population included 469 patients (451 bowel resection and 18 radical hysterectomy patients). Time to recovery of GI function was accelerated for the alvimopan 6 mg (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28; P < 0.05) and 12 mg (HR = 1.54; P < 0.001) groups with a mean difference of 15 and 22 hours, respectively, compared with placebo. The time to hospital discharge order written was also accelerated in the alvimopan 12 mg group (HR = 1.42; P = 0.003) with a mean difference of 20 hours compared with placebo. The incidence of adverse events was similar among treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alvimopan accelerated GI recovery and time to hospital discharge order written compared with placebo in patients undergoing laparotomy and was well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. wolff.bruce@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michelassi
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Gerkin
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Techner
authors.forename: Kathie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Wallin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D045823:Ileus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000601:surgery; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000601:surgery; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011292:Premedication; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D010919:Placebos; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; C419502:alvimopan