title: Raman spectroscopy of tissue samples irradiated by protons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since the number of cancer patients treated by proton irradiation has increased in the last few years, it seems appropriate to study dose-dependent effects of proton irradiation on mammalian tissues in more detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue samples of normal skin of mouse and swine, of a human tumour model xenograph, and of normal skin and a skin tumour (basal cell carcinoma) of a human patient of about 1 mm thickness were irradiated by 24 MeV protons (uniform delivered doses of 1, 7 and 50 Gy: skin of mouse and a human tumour model xenograph, and 0.5, 5 and 50 Gy: swine and human skin). Raman spectra of non-irradiated and irradiated samples were recorded and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amide I, P=O and C-O bond vibrations and aromatics were sensitive to the proton irradiation dose. In the C-H stretching region, the irradiation-mediated change of Raman spectra was significant only in the case of the skin tumour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It has been shown that Raman spectroscopy is suited to assess the radiation damage done to biological samples by protons. Proteins of the human skin tumour seem to be more sensitive to proton irradiation than proteins of normal human skin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Synytsya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alexa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Besserer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Boer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Froschauer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerlach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loewe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moosburger
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Obstová
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quicken
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sosna
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Volka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Würkner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011522:Protons; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman; D013552:Swine; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D011522:Protons