title: Use of newer antiretroviral treatments among HIV-infected medicaid beneficiaries with serious mental illness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study compares rates of protease inhibitor (PI) use during the 3 years following the introduction of these newer treatments among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with and without serious mental illness and examines persistence of use of these therapies across these subgroups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used merged autoimmune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)/HIV surveillance and Medicaid claims data to examine use of PIs and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) among New Jersey Medicaid beneficiaries with AIDS between 1996 and 1998. Based on the ICD-9-CM diagnoses assigned by a high-credibility source in 1 inpatient or 2 outpatient claims, we identified patients with schizophrenia (ICD-9-CM code 295) and those with severe affective disorder (combining patients with recurrent major depressive disorder [ICD-9-CM code 296.3] or bipolar disorder [296.4, 296.5, 296.6, 296.7, or 296.8]). These groups were compared with those patients with no serious mental illness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this sample, patients with schizophrenia (68.3%) and those with severe affective disorder (75.6%) were more likely to have initiated new antiretroviral therapy than were those without serious mental illness (64.3%). Patients with severe affective disorder, but not those with schizophrenia, were significantly less persistent (p <.01) in their use of PI/NNRTI therapy than those without serious mental illness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No evidence was found that the presence of a serious mental illness discourages physicians from initiating new antiretroviral therapy, perhaps reflecting a comparatively high level of integration of these patients into the health care system. Patients with schizophrenia are as persistent in their use of PI/NNRTI therapy as those without a serious mental illness. Lower rates of medication compliance by those with severe affective disorder justify increased efforts to support optimal adherence.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health, Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. walkup@rci.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Walkup
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sambamoorthi
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crystal
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D009515:New Jersey / Q000453:epidemiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010349:Patient Compliance; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors