title: Neuromedin U is involved in nociceptive reflexes and adaptation to environmental stimuli in mice.
abstract: Following our recent observations of inactivity and slowed movement in neuromedin U knockout (NMU KO) mice, we compared nociceptive reflexes and environmental adaptation in NMU KO and wild-type mice. Hot plate and formalin tests revealed that reflexes to heat and pain were significantly decreased in NMU KO mice. Conversely, intracerebroventricular injection of NMU into wild-type mice stimulated nociceptive reflexes in a dose-dependent manner. After NMU injection, increased c-Fos expression was observed in a wide range of locations in hypothalamus, brainstem, and spinal cord. NMU mRNA expression increased in the spinal cord, but not in the hypothalamus, 2 and 4 h after formalin injection. When their light-dark cycle was advanced or retarded by 5 h, NMU KO mice required a longer time to re-entrain into the new light-dark cycle than did wild-type mice. Wild-type mice displayed increased blood pressure after their environmental temperature was changed from 23 to 37 degrees C, whereas no such increase was observed in NMU KO mice. Blood corticosterone levels were significantly increased after 10 min of immobilization stress in wild-type mice, but not in NMU KO mice. These results suggest that endogenous NMU may be involved in reflexes and adaptation to environmental stimuli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2155, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakahara
authors.forename: Masayasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Egi
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ida
authors.forename: Mikiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazato
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kangawa
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004780:Environment, Controlled; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D012018:Reflex
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; C056900:neuromedin U; D005557:Formaldehyde