title: Follicular blood flow is a better predictor of the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer than follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide concentrations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between follicular blood flow and the follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and to determine which factor might be a better predictor of the outcome of IVF-ET.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven cycles of IVF (tubal factor, 25 cycles; male factor, 22 cycles) at the infertility clinic of Pusan National University Hospital from February 2002 to June 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follicular blood flow was estimated on the day of hCG administration. Each follicular fluid sample was collected at oocyte retrieval, and follicular fluid VEGF and NO concentrations were assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follicular blood flow and follicular fluid VEGF and NO concentrations according to the age of patients, the cause of infertility, and pregnancy rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 47 cycles, 18 (38.3%) cycles resulted in a pregnancy. Follicular blood flow was significantly higher in the pregnant group compared with the nonpregnant group, but there was no statistically significant difference in age and infertility cause. Follicular fluid concentrations of VEGF and NO did not show statistically significant differences in age, infertility cause, or pregnancy outcome. As the follicle size increases, the follicular blood flow and follicular fluid VEGF concentrations increased significantly but the follicular fluid NO concentrations decreased. There was no correlation between VEGF and NO concentrations in the follicular fluid by linear regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that follicular blood flow was positively associated with the outcome of pregnancy. This is the first study to investigate the direct association of the follicular blood flow with pregnancy outcome after IVF-ET. These results suggest that follicular blood flow might be a more effective prognostic marker of the pregnancy outcome of IVF than follicular fluid VEGF or NO concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, 1-10 Amidong, Seoku, Busan 602-739, Korea.
authors.forename: Ki Hyung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dae Sik
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jae Heok
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Byung Sub
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Bo Sun
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Kyu Sup
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000098:blood supply*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009569:Nitric Oxide