title: Hostility as a predictor of survival in patients with coronary artery disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article presents a reanalysis of an earlier study that reported a nonsignificant relation between the 50-item Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (CMHS) and survival in a sample of coronary patients. Since publication of those results, there have been significant developments in the measurement of hostility that suggest that an abbreviated scale may be a better predictor of health outcomes. This study examined the ability of the total CMHS and an abbreviated form of the CMHS (ACM) to predict survival in a sample of patients with documented coronary artery disease (CAD) with increased statistical power.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred thirty-six patients (83% were male; mean age = 51.48) with CAD who were followed for an average of 14.9 years. The ACM consisted of the combination of the cynicism, hostile attribution, hostile affect, and aggressive responding subscales that were identified in an earlier study (Barefoot et al. [1989]) by a rational analysis of the item content. The relation between hostility and survival was examined with Cox proportional hazard models (hazard ratios [HRs] based on a two standard deviation difference).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Controlling for disease severity, the ACM was a significant predictor for both CHD mortality (HR = 1.33, p <.009) and total mortality (HR = 1.28, p <.02). The total CMHS was only a marginally significant predictor of either outcome (p values < 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that hostility is associated with poorer survival in CAD patients, and it may be possible to refine measures of hostility in order to improve prediction of health outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2969, Durham, NC, USA. shboyle@duke.edu
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Redford B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: Beverly H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Brummett
authors.forename: Ilene C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Siegler
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barefoot
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011594:Psychometrics; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis