title: Connecting two-component regulatory systems by a protein that protects a response regulator from dephosphorylation by its cognate sensor.
abstract: A fundamental question in signal transduction is how an organism integrates multiple signals into a cellular response. Here we report the mechanism by which the Salmonella PmrA/PmrB two-component system responds to the signal controlling the PhoP/PhoQ two-component system. We establish that the PhoP-activated PmrD protein binds to the phosphorylated form of the response regulator PmrA, preventing both its intrinsic dephosphorylation and that promoted by its cognate sensor kinase PmrB. This results in PmrA-mediated transcription because phosphorylated PmrA exhibits higher affinity for its target promoters than unphosphorylated PmrA. A PmrD-independent form of the PmrA protein was resistant to PmrB-catalyzed dephosphorylation and promoted transcription of PmrA-activated genes in the absence of inducing signals. This is the first example of a protein that enables a two-component system to respond to the signal governing a different two-component system by protecting the phosphorylated form of a response regulator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Groisman
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019779:Salmonella enterica / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C409039:PmrB protein, bacteria; C087732:PmrD protein, Salmonella; D014157:Transcription Factors; C081902:pmrA protein, Bacteria; D008274:Magnesium