title: Endothelial markers in chronic heart failure: training normalizes exercise-induced vWF release.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Vascular endothelium is important for control of haemostasis and vasoregulation. The aim of the present study was to investigate plasma levels of several endothelial markers and the exercise-induced changes on these plasma levels in CHF patients. Subsequently, the effect of a 6-month training programme on these markers is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine male CHF patients (NYHA II/III, age 60 +/- 8 year, body mass index 26.7 +/- 2.3 kg m(-2), left ventricular ejection fraction 26.3-7.2%; mean +/- SD) participated. Patients were randomly assigned to a training or control group. Training (26 weeks; combined strength and endurance exercises) was four sessions/week: two sessions supervised and two sessions at home. Before and after intervention, anthropometry, endothelial markers (haemostasis and vasoregulation), maximal workload and peak oxygen uptake were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Physical training positively affected maximal workload. Plasma levels of endothelial markers were not affected by physical training and not related to exercise tolerance. After training, stimulated (maximal exercise) plasma von Willebrand Factor (vWF) release was present, whereas at baseline this release was absent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical training led to normalization of the stimulated plasma vWF release. Plasma levels of other endothelial markers were not affected by physical training either at rest or under stimulated (maximal exercise) conditions.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: L W E
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Sabelis
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Senden
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fijnheer
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Huisveld
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Mosterd
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zonderland
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D010960:Plasminogen Activators