title: Complete genome sequence of Yersinia pestis strain 91001, an isolate avirulent to humans.
abstract: Genomics provides an unprecedented opportunity to probe in minute detail into the genomes of the world's most deadly pathogenic bacteria- Yersinia pestis. Here we report the complete genome sequence of Y. pestis strain 91001, a human-avirulent strain isolated from the rodent Brandt's vole-Microtus brandti. The genome of strain 91001 consists of one chromosome and four plasmids (pPCP1, pCD1, pMT1 and pCRY). The 9609-bp pPCP1 plasmid of strain 91001 is almost identical to the counterparts from reference strains (CO92 and KIM). There are 98 genes in the 70,159-bp range of plasmid pCD1. The 106,642-bp plasmid pMT1 has slightly different architecture compared with the reference ones. pCRY is a novel plasmid discovered in this work. It is 21,742 bp long and harbors a cryptic type IV secretory system. The chromosome of 91001 is 4,595,065 bp in length. Among the 4037 predicted genes, 141 are possible pseudo-genes. Due to the rearrangements mediated by insertion elements, the structure of the 91001 chromosome shows dramatic differences compared with CO92 and KIM. Based on the analysis of plasmids and chromosome architectures, pseudogene distribution, nitrate reduction negative mechanism and gene comparison, we conclude that strain 91001 and other strains isolated from M. brandti might have evolved from ancestral Y. pestis in a different lineage. The large genome fragment deletions in the 91001 chromosome and some pseudogenes may contribute to its unique nonpathogenicity to humans and host-specificity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Yajun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Zongzhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhaobiao
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authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yanpin
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authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Jianguo
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authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Decui
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authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Haiou
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authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xin
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authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Yujun
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authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Junhui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhai
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Baizhong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Zhizhen
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authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Lixia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Ruixia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shengting
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Zongmin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Huanming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peitang
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ruifu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D019295:Computational Biology; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D010957:Plasmids; D011544:Pseudogenes; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity