title: [Postmastectomy lymphedema and carpal tunnel syndrome. Surgical considerations and advice for patients].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Following surgery for breast cancer, an increased risk is assumed for development or worsening of lymphedema following hand surgery procedures. The aim of this study was to find out whether surgery performed with exsanguination using a pneumatic tourniquet has any disadvantages under these circumstances. There might result consequences for patients' information of possible risks as well as for performance of hand surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  52 patients who had undergone mastectomy were included in the study. In 47 of these, axillar lymph node biopsy or dissection had been performed. 41 patients had been advised not to allow measurement of blood pressure, drawing of blood or surgery to that arm. Surgical release of the retinaculum flexorum by using local anesthesia and exsanguination for a maximum of ten minutes was performed at an average of 7.5 (range from 1 - 26) years after the breast operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following release of the carpal ligament a temporary swelling of the arm or hand was found in four patients, which persisted for 2 - 3 months in one patient and disappeared within one week in the others. Three patients suffered from moderate lymphedema before surgery. It was unaffected by hand surgery in two patients and only temporarily worsened for several days in another patient. In all patients, neurological symptoms (paresthesia, numbness and pain) improved completely. Other complications, particularly infections, were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. Exaggerated information of patients with breast surgery in their history does not seem to be indicated in minor hand surgical procedures. 2. The hand surgeon should inform the patients preoperatively that there may occur a transient swelling which can be avoided by loose dressings and early functional training. Using a pneumatic tourniquet has no adverse effect on existing lymphedema in short lasting procedures. 3. Since patients after mastectomy and/or axillary dissection often complain about arm pain and paraesthesia, not only brachial plexus pathology but also a carpal tunnel syndrome must be considered.
authors.affiliation: Neurochirurgische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Dossenheim/Heidelberg. assmusdombert@t-online.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Assmus
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Staub
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D001706:Biopsy; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D002349:Carpal Tunnel Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008209:Lymphedema / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
vernacular_title: Handchirurgische Eingriffe nach Mammakarzinom am Beispiel des Karpaltunnelsyndroms. Ein Beitrag zur Aufklärungsproblematik.