title: Effect of electrode impedance in improved buffer amplifier for bioelectric recordings.
abstract: We analysed the effects of electrode impedance on the transfer response of a one-stage improved buffer amplifier. The electrode DC resistance (R(d)) modifies the one-stage buffer transfer response. We found a limit electrode resistance (R(d(lim))) which depends on the transfer damping factor (epsilon). If R(d) is lower than 86.5 komega, the transfer response of the buffer fulfils American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations, but when R(d) is greater than R(d(lim)) it must be cautiously weighed up because its influence in the transfer response becomes appreciable. The maximum R(d) that can be driven by the buffer is 1.2 Momega. Higher values do not fulfil AHA recommendations. Therefore, electrodes with higher impedance should not be used with this kind of buffer. In contrast, when this buffer is used to build in an instrumentation amplifier (IA) for bipolar recording, the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is sensitive to the electrode type used.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Favaloro University, Argentina. estebanvalverde@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Arini
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Bertran
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Biagetti
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Quinteiro
mesh_terms: D000669:Amplifiers, Electronic; D002021:Buffers; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000379:methods*; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers