title: Retinal changes associated with type 2 glomerulonephritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to: Investigate retinal changes associated with type 2 membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (type 2 MPGN). Assess whether there was a relationship between the severity of the kidney disease and ophthalmoscopically visible fundal changes. Find out if renal transplantation was linked with visual deterioration. Decide if patients with type 2 MPGN need to be referred for ophthalmological assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were identified from pathology department records as having renal biopsy proven type 2 MPGN from January 1981 to October 2003. Patients were invited to attend for ophthalmic assessment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26 biopsy proven cases of type 2 MPGN were identified. One patient lost vision from a possible occult choroidal neovascular membrane. The extent of ocular involvement did not consistently appear to be related to the severity of the renal involvement, although there was a relationship between the presence of ocular lesions and the duration of the disease. The longer the disease was present the more likely the patients were to have ophthalmoscopically visible fundal changes. Renal transplantation did not appear to have a detrimental effect on vision with the possible exception of one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Referral of type 2 MPGN patients by the renal physician for an initial ophthalmological assessment may be beneficial so that symptoms of choroidal neovascularization can be explained and patients advised to seek urgent help if distortion of central vision occurs. Renal transplantation does not appear to be a risk factor for the development of choroidal neovascular membranes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. claramcavoy@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: McAvoy
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silvestri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D020256:Choroidal Neovascularization / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D015593:Retinal Drusen / Q000209:etiology; D014792:Visual Acuity