title: Human in vivo radiation-induced biomarkers: gene expression changes in radiotherapy patients.
abstract: After initially identifying potential biomarkers of radiation exposure through microarray studies of ex vivo irradiated human peripheral white blood cells, we have now measured the in vivo responses of several of these biomarker genes in patients undergoing total body irradiation. Microarray analysis has identified additional in vivo radiation-responsive genes, although the general in vivo patterns of stress-gene induction appear similar to those obtained from ex vivo white blood cell experiments. Additional studies may reveal correlations between responses and either diagnosis or prognosis, and such in vivo validation marks an important step in the development of potentially informative radiation exposure biomarkers.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. saa2108@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Amundson
authors.forename: Marcy B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Grace
authors.forename: Christopher B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: McLeland
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Epperly
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yeager
authors.forename: Qimin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Joel S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Greenberger
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fornace
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C117669:DDB2 protein, human; C439070:GADD45A protein, human; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins