The cutaneous contribution to adaptive precision grip.
Only after injury, or perhaps prolonged exposure to cold that is sufficient to numb the fingers, do we suddenly appreciate the complex neural mechanisms that underlie our effortless dexterity in manipulating objects. The nervous system is capable of adapting grip forces to a wide range of object shapes, weights and frictional properties, to provide optimal and secure handling in a variety of potentially perturbing environments. The dynamic interplay between sensory information and motor commands provides the basis for this flexibility, and recent studies supply somewhat unexpected evidence of the essential role played by cutaneous feedback in maintaining and acquiring predictive grip force control. These examples also offer new insights into the adaptive control of other voluntary movements.
Witney
Alice G
AG
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
Wing
Alan
A
Thonnard
Jean-Louis
JL
Smith
Allan M
AM
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation*; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D014110:Touch / Q000502:physiology*