title: An open-label study of adjunctive modafinil in patients with sedation related to serotonergic antidepressant therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), excessive sleepiness and fatigue not only are major components of the disorder, but also may occur as side effects of antidepressant therapy. In addition, sedation may be a consequence of antidepressant regimens. The novel wake-promoting agent modafinil improves wakefulness and reduces fatigue across a variety of clinical disorders. This study assessed the use of modafinil as an adjunctive treatment in patients with MDD who reported sedation related to serotonergic antidepressant therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected between September 2001 and December 2003. Twenty men and women with DSM-IV-defined MDD were enrolled in this 3-week, open-label, single-center study. In addition to ongoing and stable treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), clinic patients received modafinil once daily. Efficacy assessments were conducted at 1-week intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients (80%) completed the study. Modafinil plus SSRIs significantly improved overall depressive symptoms, as shown by reductions in mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression total scores (p <.001 vs. baseline). Adjunctive modafinil significantly improved subjective estimates of wakefulness on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (p <.001, all weeks) and reduced fatigue on the Fatigue Severity Scale (p =.009). At the final visit, modafinil had improved overall health status and health-related quality of life, as shown by significant improvements in mean Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey total scores (p =.007) and in physical health (p =.04) and mental health (p =.006) subscores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with MDD who experience sedation as a side effect of antidepressant therapy, adjunctive modafinil improved wakefulness and reduced fatigue. Modafinil plus SSRIs also improved mood and quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. scwartzresearch1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Nouman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Azhar
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Nikhil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nihalani
authors.forename: Mihai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simionescu
authors.forename: Juhi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077408:Modafinil; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D000077408:Modafinil; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors