title: Skeletal and occlusal characteristics in mouth-breathing pre-school children.
abstract: This study verified the influence of chronic mouth breathing on dentofacial growth and developmental in pre-school children. The study evaluated 73 children, both sexes, ranging from 3 to 6 years of age. After the otorhinolaryngological breathing diagnosis, 44 mouth-breathing children and 29 nasal-breathing children were compared according to facial and occlusal characteristics. The skeletal pattern measurements SN.GoGn, BaN.PtGn, PP.PM, Ar-Go, S-Go indicated a tendency to mouth-breathing children presenting a dolicofacial pattern. According to occlusal characteristics, only the intermolar distance showed a significant correlation with a narrow maxillary arch in mouth-breathing subjects. Based on the results of this study, mouth-breathing can influence craniofacial and occlusal development early in childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Uberaba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sara Elisa M
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mattar
authors.forename: Wilma T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Anselmo-Lima
authors.forename: Fabiana C P
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Valera
authors.forename: Mirian A N
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002508:Cephalometry; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002680:Chin / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D003766:Dental Occlusion; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000209:etiology; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D008963:Molar / Q000473:pathology; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009666:Nose / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology; D012119:Respiration; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000254:growth & development / Q000473:pathology