title: The use of handheld computers in scenario-based procedural assessments.
abstract: This paper describes the authors' experiences of using handheld computers within scenario-based formative assessments aimed at developing clinical procedural skills. Previous experiences of using paper forms in these assessments were problematic. Multiple paper forms were generated and data sets were sometimes incomplete. Forms adapted for use on handheld computers offer significant potential advantages over paper-based versions. These include streamlining the process of data collection, entry and retrieval, thereby reducing data loss and providing learners with immediate and cumulative feedback on their performance. All participants in this study found the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) forms easy to use. Further adaptation, together with increased familiarity with PDA technology, will address users' feedback by providing more space for free text and a larger visual field. Technical expertise is required for the development and delivery of PDA-based forms, but their potential for use in formative and summative assessments is considerable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and Technology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, UK. r.kneebone@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kneebone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nestel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ratnasothy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kidd
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darzi
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001292:Attitude to Computers; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003142:Communication; D003200:Computer User Training / Q000379:methods; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods; D034201:Computers, Handheld / Q000592:standards*; D004511:Education, Nursing, Graduate / Q000592:standards*; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology; D005568:Forms and Records Control; D006801:Humans; D017145:Models, Educational; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D016544:Patient Simulation; D015397:Program Evaluation; D036301:Qualitative Research