title: Comparative antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness of a chlorhexidine and an essential oil mouthrinse: 6-month clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the antiplaque and antigingivitis effectiveness and the side-effect profiles of an essential oil-containing mouthrinse and a chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinse.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eight qualifying subjects, aged 20-57 years, were randomized into three groups: essential oil mouthrinse (ListerineAntiseptic); 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthrinse (Peridex); or 5% hydroalcohol negative control. At baseline, subjects received a complete oral soft tissue examination and scoring of the Loe-Silness gingival index (GI), Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI), Volpe-Manhold calculus index (CI), and Lobene extrinsic tooth stain index (SI). Following a complete dental prophylaxis, subjects started rinsing twice daily with their respective mouthrinse as an adjunct to their usual mechanical oral hygiene procedures. One of the rinses on each weekday was supervised. Subjects were reexamined at 3 and 6 months. The treatment groups were compared with respect to baseline demographic and clinical variables. The primary efficacy variables were GI and PI. Intergroup differences for all clinical variables were tested at 3 and 6 months using appropriate statistical procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the 108 randomized subjects were evaluable at 3 months, and 107 subjects were evaluable at 6 months. There were no statistically significant differences among the three groups at baseline, with the exception that the control group PI was significantly lower than that of the essential oil group (p<0.05) and the chlorhexidine group (p<0.001), and the essential oil mouthrinse group had a significantly greater number of subjects than the control group with body region SI scores > or =1.0 (p=0.021). At 6 months, the essential oil and chlorhexidine mouthrinses produced statistically significant (p<0.001) GI reductions of 14.0% and 18.2%, respectively, and statistically significant (p<0.001) PI reductions of 18.8% and 21.6%, respectively, compared with the control and were not statistically significantly different from each other with respect to plaque and gingivitis reduction. The chlorhexidine mouthrinse group had significantly more calculus and extrinsic tooth stain than either the essential oil mouthrinse group or the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This 6-month controlled clinical study demonstrated that the essential oil mouthrinse and the chlorhexidine mouthrinse had comparable antiplaque and antigingivitis activity. Insofar as side effects associated with the chlorhexidine mouthrinse may limit patient compliance, it is suggested that each product can have a distinct role in the management of patients with periodontal diseases.
authors.affiliation: Dental Products Testing, West Palm Beach, FL, USA. chris.charles@pfizer.com
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mostler
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mankodi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000139:chemically induced; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D002710:Chlorhexidine