Implementation and evaluation of Australian pharmacists' diabetes care services.
OBJECTIVE
To implement and evaluate a specialized service for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the community pharmacy.


METHODS
Parallel group, multisite, control versus intervention, repeated measures design, with three different regions in New South Wales, Australia, used as intervention regions, then matched with control regions as much as possible.


METHODS
Following training, pharmacists followed a clinical protocol over 9 months, with approximately monthly intervention site visits during which blood glucose readings were downloaded and discussed with the patient, interventions were documented, and goals set with each patient.


METHODS
Quality of life, well-being, risk of nonadherence, and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) values at the beginning and end of the study. Blood glucose levels were measured in intervention patients only.


RESULTS
A total of 106 intervention and 82 control patients completed the study. Patient groups were similar at baseline. Pharmacists delivered 1,459 interventions and blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in all intervention regions. The proportion of patients with A1C values greater than 7% was similar in control sites at baseline (54%) and after 9 months (61%). In intervention sites this proportion was significantly reduced, from 72% at baseline to 53% after 9 months. Well-being and the risk of nonadherence were significantly improved in intervention patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Implementation of a specialized service for diabetes in community pharmacy resulted in better diabetes control and health care outcomes for the patient.
Armour
Carol L
CL
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. carola@pharm.usyd.edu.au
Taylor
Susan J
SJ
Hourihan
Fleur
F
Smith
Carlene
C
Krass
Ines
I
D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003157:Community Pharmacy Services / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin