title: The 'RITE' use of the Fricke flap in periorbital reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To revisit an important but outmoded periorbital reconstructive technique. We present cases to illustrate the usefulness of the Fricke flap and describe a method of rapid intraoperative tissue expansion (RITE), which can enhance the applicability and effectiveness of the Fricke flap. A comparison between those cases performed with and without adjunctive RITE was not made due to the low numbers available.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of clinical cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 20 cases in which the Fricke flap was used for periorbital reconstruction were reviewed. The mean patient age was 64.7 years; the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. The patient follow-up ranged from 1 to 8 years with a mean of 4.2 years. The most common cause (65%) of periorbital defect was excision of eyelid malignancy. Necrosis of the terminal segment of the flap requiring further surgical intervention occurred in 10% (2/20). In both of these cases, the surgeons were trainees, with the complications being due to poor surgical technique. In the first case, the flap base was too narrow and in the second case, the distal end of the flap was thinned excessively. The functional result was excellent in 10/20 (50%), good in 5/20 (25%), fair in 3/20 (15%), and poor in 2/20 (10%). The cosmetic result was excellent in 3/20 (15%), good in 12/20 (60%), fair in 3/20 (15%), and poor in 2/20 (10%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Fricke flap is an important and, in selected cases, an indispensable technique in periorbital reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilcsek
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leatherbarrow
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halliwell
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Francis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000601:surgery; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods; D004285:Dogs; D004954:Esthetics; D005142:Eyelid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D005143:Eyelids / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D015626:Tissue Expansion / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome