title: Congenital infection of rabbits with Schistosoma japonicum and protective immunity of offspring.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently congenital infection with Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) has been demonstrated in pigs, rabbits, mice and dogs. We explored the rabbit as an animal model for the congenital infection of schistosomiasis japonica and assessed the effect of a congenital S. japonicum infection on the resistance of rabbit kittens to a postnatal challenge infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen pregnant New Zealand white rabbits were infected with a single dose of S. japonicum cercariae. The exposed animals were divided into three groups according to the gestation age at the time of infection. Diagnosis of prenatally acquired S. japonicum infection in the rabbit kittens was primarily based on serological tests in combination with parasitological and histopathological findings. Congenitally infected kittens were challenged percutaneously with 100 S. japonicum cercariae to assess the effect of a congenital S. japonicum infection on kitten resistance to a postnatal challenge infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of congenital infection in offspring of infected mothers was 20% (12/60). The congenital infection rate in group L (late gestation) was much higher than in group E (early gestation) and group M (mid-gestation) (P <0.05). After a postnatal challenge infection, prenatally infected kittens had a 54.66% worm reduction rate, 41.45% egg reduction rate, and 51.76% granuloma size reduction rate compared to naïve kittens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates the possibility of congenital infection of S. japonicum in rabbits and the resistance of congenitally infected kittens to a postnatal challenge infection. These results have important implications not only for epidemiological investigations, but also in designing government control programs for schistosomiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China. shiye@mails.tjmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: You-en
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Abdel-Moneim M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salim
authors.forename: Chang-xiu
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Ning
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Xiao-hua
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ling-yi
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Pu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011817:Rabbits; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000151:congenital* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D007075:Immunoglobulin M