title: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS and ExoT.
abstract: ExoS and ExoT are bi-functional type-III cytotoxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that share 76% primary amino acid homology and contain N-terminal RhoGAP domains and C-terminal ADP-ribosylation domains. The Rho GAP activities of ExoS and ExoT appear to be biochemically and biologically identical, targeting Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Expression of the RhoGAP domain in mammalian cells results in the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and interference of phagocytosis. Expression of the ADP-ribosyltransferase domain of ExoS elicits a cytotoxic phenotype in cultured cells, while expression of ExoT appears to interfere with host cell phagocytic activity. Recent studies showed that ExoS and ExoT ADP-ribosylate different substrates. While ExoS has poly-substrate specificity and can ADP-ribosylate numerous host proteins, ExoT ADP-ribosylates a more restricted subset of host proteins including the Crk proteins. Protein modeling predicts that electrostatic interactions contribute to the substrate specificity of the ADP-ribosyltransferase domains of ExoS and ExoT.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plk. Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. jtb01@mcw.edu
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Barbieri
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C477521:ExoT protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; C444820:exoenzyme S