Meta-analysis: glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus.
BACKGROUND
In persons with diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia (assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin level) is related to the development of microvascular disease; however, the relation of glycosylated hemoglobin to macrovascular disease is less clear.


OBJECTIVE
To conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies of the association between glycosylated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease in diabetic persons.


METHODS
Search of the MEDLINE database by using Medical Subject Heading search terms and key words related to glycosylated hemoglobin, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.


METHODS
Prospective cohort studies with data on glycosylated hemoglobin levels and incident cardiovascular disease.


METHODS
Relative risk estimates were derived or abstracted from each cohort study that met the inclusion criteria.


RESULTS
Adjusted relative risk estimates for glycosylated hemoglobin (total glycosylated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1, or hemoglobin A1c levels) and cardiovascular disease events (coronary heart disease and stroke) were pooled by using random-effects models. Three studies involved persons with type 1 diabetes (n = 1688), and 10 studies involved persons with type 2 diabetes (n = 7435). The pooled relative risk for cardiovascular disease was 1.18; this represented a 1-percentage point increase in glycosylated hemoglobin level (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.26) in persons with type 2 diabetes. Results in persons with type 1 diabetes were similar but had a wider CI (pooled relative risk, 1.15 [CI, 0.92 to 1.43]).


CONCLUSIONS
This review largely reflects the limitations of the literature. Important concerns were residual confounding, the possibility of publication bias, the small number of studies, and the heterogeneity of study results.


CONCLUSIONS
Pending confirmation from large, ongoing clinical trials, this analysis shows that observational studies are consistent with limited clinical trial data and suggests that chronic hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease in persons with diabetes.
Selvin
Elizabeth
E
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Marinopoulos
Spyridon
S
Berkenblit
Gail
G
Rami
Tejal
T
Brancati
Frederick L
FL
Powe
Neil R
NR
Golden
Sherita Hill
SH
D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans
D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin