title: Racial differences in lipid-lowering agent use in medicaid patients with cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Racial differences in chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes are well described, whereas less is known about the process of CVD preventive care and its potential contribution to disparate outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine the association between race and 1) prior use of a lipid-lowering agent (LLA), 2) LLA initiation, and 3) LLA discontinuation among individuals with an incident medical claim for CVD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective claims analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied continuously enrolled, fee-for-service Medicaid recipients <65 with a new medical claim for 1 of 15 CVD-related diagnoses or procedures from 1993 to 1998 (n = 14,833).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacy claims history reflecting previous, new, and ongoing LLA use were reviewed for the 24-month period around a new CVD claim. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the independent effect of minority status on new and ongoing LLA use controlling for clinical and demographic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3924 (26.4%) individuals submitted LLA pharmacy claims. A total of 3668 of 4668 (78.6%) previous or new users obtained > or =1 refill. Minorities were less likely to have previously used LLA (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-0.70), to receive a new prescription (AOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54-0.71), or to continue use, as evidenced by subsequent refill claims (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Publicly insured minorities with prescription coverage benefit less often from preventive care before or after a CVD diagnosis, resulting, in part, from providers' failure to initiate therapy and patients' failure to continue it. To reduce widening disparities in cardiovascular outcomes, strategies that target LLA underuse by minorities throughout the process of care are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA. dxl25@po.cwru.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Litaker
authors.forename: Siran M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Koroukian
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000601:surgery; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018588:Fee-for-Service Plans; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents