title: Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy: from evidence to application: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy.
abstract: This chapter about implementation strategies for practice guidelines is part of the 7th ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy: Evidence Based Guidelines. Grade 1 recommendations are strong and indicate that the benefits do, or do not, outweigh risks, burden, and costs. Grade 2 suggests that feasibility, acceptability and cost related to implementation strategies may lead to different choices depending on the practice setting (for a full understanding of the grading see Guyatt et al, CHEST 2004; 126:179S-187S). To encourage uptake of guidelines to reduce thrombosis, we recommend that appreciable resources be devoted to distribution of educational material (Grade 2B). We suggest that few resources be devoted to educational meetings (Grade 2B), to audit and feedback (Grade 2B), or to educational outreach visits (Grade 2B) to encourage uptake of the guidelines. We suggest that appreciable resources be devoted to computer reminders (Grade 2A) and to patient-mediated interventions (Grade 2B) to encourage uptake of the guidelines. This review suggests that there are few implementation strategies that are of unequivocal, consistent benefit, and that are clearly and consistently worth resource investment. Fully informed decisions will require additional research to identify effective guideline implementation strategies to optimize antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, ECMC-CC142, 462 Grider St, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA. HJS@buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Holger J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schünemann
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimshaw
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liberati
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heffner
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tapson
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guyatt
mesh_terms: D004493:Education; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006801:Humans; D010358:Patient Participation; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents