title: Theta-modulated place-by-direction cells in the hippocampal formation in the rat.
abstract: We report the spatial and temporal properties of a class of cells termed theta-modulated place-by-direction (TPD) cells recorded from the presubicular and parasubicular cortices of the rat. The firing characteristics of TPD cells in open-field enclosures were compared with those of the following two other well characterized cell classes in the hippocampal formation: place and head-direction cells. Unlike place cells, which code only for the animal's location, or head-direction cells, which code only for the animal's directional heading, TPD cells code for both the location and the head direction of the animal. Their firing is also strongly theta modulated, firing primarily at the negative-to-positive phase of the locally recorded theta wave. TPD theta modulation is significantly stronger than that of place cells. In contrast, the firing of head-direction cells is not modulated by theta at all. In repeated exposures to the same environment, the locational and directional signals of TPD cells are stable. When recorded in different environments, TPD locational and directional fields can uncouple, with the locational field shifting unpredictably ("remapping"), whereas the directional preference remains similar across environments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, WC1N 3AR, London, United Kingdom. f.cacucci@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cacucci
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lever
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Wills
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Keefe
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D015983:Selection Bias; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013826:Theta Rhythm