title: Psychosocial issues in people with epilepsy in Togo and Benin (West Africa) I. Anxiety and depression measured using Goldberg's scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study in Togo and Benin, West Africa, was aimed at measuring depression and anxiety among people with epilepsy (PWE).
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional study of 281 adult PWE in Togo and 215 in Benin matched with the same number of controls without epilepsy used Goldberg's anxiety and depression scale. The statistical tests used for comparisons were chi(2) tests, Fisher's exact test, analysis of variance, and Fisher's PLSD test when necessary.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PWE in Togo and Benin had significantly higher (P<0.0001) average depression scores (4.4+/-2.1, 4.7+/-2.7) than controls (0.5+/-0.9, 1.4+/-2.4). They also had significantly higher (P<0.0001) average anxiety scores (5.3+/-2.0, 6.2+/-2.1) than controls (2.5+/-1.6, 1.6+/-2.0). In consideration of the thresholds of the scale, the prevalence of possible major anxiety and depression among PWE was also very high compared with controls (P<0.0001). High anxiety and depression scores were, in general, positively correlated with a higher frequency of seizures and lack of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results confirmed the existence of anxiety and depression among PWE in Togo and Benin.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, EA 3174, Faculty of Medicine, 2 rue du Dr. Marcland 87025 Limoges, France. ient@unilim.fr <ient@unilim.fr>
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nubukpo
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Preux
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Houinato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Radji
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Grunitzky
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avodé
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Clément
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D001541:Benin / Q000453:epidemiology; D003469:Culture; D003625:Data Collection; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009790:Occupations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012640:Seizures / Q000453:epidemiology; D012931:Social Environment; D014037:Togo / Q000453:epidemiology