title: Role of beta-blockade in anaesthesia and postoperative pain management after hysterectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perioperative use of beta-blockers has been advocated as a strategy to prevent cardiac sequelae. This study evaluated the influence of perioperative esmolol administration upon anaesthesia and postoperative pain management amongst patients undergoing hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-seven ASA I-II patients, undergoing abdominal total hysterectomy, were randomly divided into one of two groups. Patients in the Esmolol group received an i.v. loading dose of esmolol 0.5 mg kg(-1) followed by infusion of 0.05 mg kg(-1) min(-1) before anaesthesia induction. The infusion was documented at the completion of surgery. The Control group received a volume of normal saline. After surgery, all patients were treated with patient-controlled i.v. analgesia (PCA), which was programmed to deliver 1 mg of morphine on demand for 3 consecutive days. Pain intensity on movement and at rest, sedation score, and side effects were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two groups were comparable with respect to their characteristics. Patients in the esmolol group received significantly lower end-tidal isoflurane concentrations (1.0 (0.3) vs 1.4 (0.5)%, respectively; P<0.001) and fentanyl (0.9 (0.2) vs 1.2 (0.5) microg kg(-1), respectively; P=0.006) during anaesthesia. They also showed a reduced heart rate and arterial pressure response to tracheal intubation, skin incision, and tracheal extubation. The Esmolol group consumed less PCA morphine in 3 days (37.3 (8.4) vs 54.7 (11.2) mg, respectively; P=0.005). Pain intensity and medication side effects were similar in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that perioperative esmolol administration during anaesthesia reduces the intraoperative use of inhalation anaesthetic and fentanyl, decreases haemodynamic responses, and reduced morphine consumption for the first 3 postoperative days.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, 386, Ta-Chung First Road, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan. yychia@isca.vghks.gov.tw
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D011412:Propanolamines; D009020:Morphine; C036604:esmolol