title: Functional glutamatergic and glycinergic inputs to several superior olivary nuclei of the rat revealed by optical imaging.
abstract: Superior olivary complex (SOC) neurons receive excitatory and inhibitory inputs from both ears. We determined the nature of such inputs to the main SOC nuclei with an optical imaging system. To do so, brainstem slices of postnatal (P) rats (P3-13) were treated with the fast voltage-sensitive dye RH795, and ipsilateral and contralateral SOC inputs were activated electrically. Optical signals, equivalent to membrane potential changes, were detected by a 464-photodiode array. The signals consisted mostly of two components which were identified as pre- and postsynaptic potentials in experiments with Ca2+-free solutions. They correlated with morphological structures, i.e. the presynaptic components were prominent in neuropil regions whereas the postsynaptic components dominated in somata regions. Postsynaptic components were distinguished pharmacologically with the glycine receptor blocker strychnine and the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)/kainate receptor blocker 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX). Concerning the lateral superior olive, we confirmed the known glutamatergic inputs from the ipsilateral side and the glycinergic inputs from the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. Furthermore, we identified a CNQX-sensitive input from the contralateral side. In the medial superior olive, we corroborated the glutamatergic and glycinergic inputs from the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. Both ipsi- and contralaterally, the glutamatergic input was more pronounced than the glycinergic input. In the superior paraolivary nucleus, we also identified ipsilateral and contralateral inputs. Besides the known glycinergic input from the contralateral side, we found a novel glycinergic input from the ipsilateral side and identified CNQX-sensitive inputs from the contralateral and ipsilateral sides. The latter was very weak and appeared only in 30% of the experiments. The data show the feasibility of identifying functional inputs to the SOC with voltage-sensitive dye recordings.
authors.affiliation: Animal Physiology Group, Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, POB 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Friauf
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Löhrke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D055095:Optics and Photonics / Q000295:instrumentation; D011149:Pons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013331:Strychnine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013343:Styrenes; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C096453:RH 795; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; D013343:Styrenes; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D013331:Strychnine; D005998:Glycine