Human in vivo radiation-induced biomarkers: gene expression changes in radiotherapy patients.
After initially identifying potential biomarkers of radiation exposure through microarray studies of ex vivo irradiated human peripheral white blood cells, we have now measured the in vivo responses of several of these biomarker genes in patients undergoing total body irradiation. Microarray analysis has identified additional in vivo radiation-responsive genes, although the general in vivo patterns of stress-gene induction appear similar to those obtained from ex vivo white blood cell experiments. Additional studies may reveal correlations between responses and either diagnosis or prognosis, and such in vivo validation marks an important step in the development of potentially informative radiation exposure biomarkers.
Amundson
Sally A
SA
Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. saa2108@columbia.edu
Grace
Marcy B
MB
McLeland
Christopher B
CB
Epperly
Michael W
MW
Yeager
Andrew
A
Zhan
Qimin
Q
Greenberger
Joel S
JS
Fornace
Albert J
AJ
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014916:Whole-Body Irradiation; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C117669:DDB2 protein, human; C439070:GADD45A protein, human; D000097642:GADD45 Proteins