title: Inflammatory changes and breakdown of microvascular integrity in early human immunodeficiency virus dementia.
abstract: Increased postcontrast enhancement in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) of the central nervous system (CNS) is a predictor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dementia severity in HIV-infected subjects. The present study confirms this earlier finding in a mildly impaired patient cohort, and demonstrates that the increased postcontrast enhancement is correlated with increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, an inflammatory chemokine, and increased CNS levels of mI, a microglial marker. These results suggest that early CNS inflammation may underlie the microvascular changes observed, and may be a factor in the development of HIV dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, USA. calum.avison@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Malcolm J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Avison
authors.forename: Avindra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Greene-Avison
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Rodney A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bales
authors.forename: As'ad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ethisham
authors.forename: Richard N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D016896:Treatment Outcome