The effects of daily stress and stressful life events on the clinical symptomatology of patients with lupus erythematosus.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to verify whether stress worsens the clinical symptomatology perceived by patients with lupus erythematosus. Toward this end, we considered two types of stressors-daily stress and high-intensity stressful life events.


METHODS
In 46 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and 12 patients with chronic lupus discoid, we studied the stress they experienced daily for 6 months and their disease symptoms. During this period, we also analyzed the levels of C3 and C4 complements and anti-DNAn antibodies. The systemic lupus erythematosus activity (assessed by the Systemic Lupus Activity Measures) and cumulative organ damage (assessed by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index) were also analyzed.


RESULTS
We did not find that high-intensity stressful life events produced a worsening of the symptomatology of the disease. However, using a time-series analysis (Box-Jenkins), we found that a high percentage of lupus patients (74.1%) perceived a worsening in their clinical symptomatology due to the effects of daily stress. Of this 74.1%, 53.4% worsened the same day they suffered the perceived daily stress, and the remaining 20.7% experienced an increase in symptoms both the same day and the following day. Subsequent Mann-Whitney analyses showed that the patients who worsened for 2 days because of the effects of stress had greater lupus activity, as evaluated by their levels of C3, C4, and anti-DNAn.


CONCLUSIONS
Daily stress, and not stressful life events, worsened the clinical symptomatology perceived by lupus erythematosus patients. This increase extended at times to 2 days, and was associated with greater lupic activity.
Peralta-Ramírez
Maria I
MI
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granda, Spain. mperalta@ugr.es
Jiménez-Alonso
Juan
J
Godoy-García
Juan F
JF
Pérez-García
Miguel
M
D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000276:immunology; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000276:immunology; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008179:Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000523:psychology
D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4