title: Pectoralis major and other myofascial/myocutaneous flaps in head and neck cancer reconstruction: experience with 437 cases at a single institution.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pectoralis major and other myofascial/myocutaneous flaps have been recognized as important reconstructive methods in head and neck cancer surgery. Even with the worldwide use of free flaps, they are still the mainstay reconstructive procedures in many centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients with head and neck cancer who underwent an immediate reconstruction with pectoralis major or other myofascial/myocutaneous flaps at a tertiary cancer center from 1982 to 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 437 patients were reviewed. Three hundred seventy-one patients underwent pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps; of these, 335 (90.3%) were men, with a median age of 56 years (range, 24-91 years). Tumors were located at the oral cavity and oropharynx in 246 patients (66.3%). Most tumors were at an advanced stage at presentation (T3-T4 in 60.9%). The flaps were used to cover mucosal defects in 280 patients (75.5%), skin defects in 62 patients (16.7%), and both in 29 patients (7.8%). In most patients, the flap was transferred to the head and neck region through a subclavicular tunnel. The overall complication rate was 36.1%, with 2.4% of cases involving total flap necrosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To date, this is the largest published series of patients who underwent reconstruction with a pectoralis major flap. Our results show that this flap remains an important reconstructive method, and it can be done with low risk and acceptable morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Centro de Tratamento e Pesquisa Hospital do Câncer A. C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: José Guilherme
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Vartanian
authors.forename: André Lopes
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Solange Maria T
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Lia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mizobe
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magrin
authors.forename: Luiz Paulo
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D037981:Neck Dissection / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010369:Pectoralis Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011336:Probability; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014945:Wound Healing