title: National survey of the prevalence, incidence, primary care burden, and treatment of heart failure in Scotland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the epidemiology, primary care burden, and treatment of heart failure in Scotland, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional data from primary care practices participating in the Scottish continuous morbidity recording scheme between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  53 primary care practices (307,741 patients).
  
  
  METHODS
  2186 adult patients with heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of heart failure in Scotland was 7.1 in 1000, increasing with age to 90.1 in 1000 among patients > or = 85 years. The incidence of heart failure was 2.0 in 1000, increasing with age to 22.4 in 1000 among patients > or = 85 years. For older patients, consultation rates for heart failure equalled or exceeded those for angina and hypertension. Respiratory tract infection was the most common co-morbidity leading to consultation. Among men, 23% were prescribed a beta blocker, 11% spironolactone, and 46% an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. The corresponding figures for women were 20% (p = 0.29 versus men), 7% (p = 0.02), and 34% (p < 0.001). Among patients < 75 years 26% were prescribed a beta blocker, 11% spironolactone, and 50% an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. The corresponding figures for patients > or = 75 years were 19% (p = 0.04 versus patients < 75), 7% (p = 0.04), and 33% (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heart failure is a common condition, especially with advancing age. In the elderly, the community burden of heart failure is at least as great as that of angina or hypertension. The high rate of concomitant respiratory tract infection emphasises the need for strategies to immunise patients with heart failure against influenza and pneumococcal infection. Drugs proven to improve survival in heart failure are used less frequently for elderly patients and women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: McAlister
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: MacIntyre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Redpath
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capewell
authors.forename: J J V
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McMurray
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D016526:Workload
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics