title: Can forced-use therapy be clinically applied after stroke? An exploratory randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy, safety, and compliance with forced-use therapy (FUT) applied without additional "shaping" therapy during the rehabilitation phase of stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary mixed rehabilitation center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive sample of 30 inpatients or outpatients with first stroke showing minimal movement of the arm and hand. Subjects who scored below 26 on the Mini-Mental State Examination were excluded. Seven subjects either did not provide consent or withdrew from the study. The remaining subjects were randomized into the control group (n=13) and the FUT group (n=10).
  
  
  METHODS
  FUT involved wearing a thick constraint mitten on the sound arm for as many as 6 hours a day.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Chedoke McMaster Impairment Inventory for arm, hand, postural control, and shoulder pain; Action Research Arm Test; grip strength; and FIM instrument.
  
  
  RESULTS
  FUT subjects experienced 20% more recovery of the arm than did control subjects and more recovery of postural control (P=.04). Men benefited most from the program, and there was a tendency for FUT subjects to have more shoulder pain. Compliance was related to cognitive status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FUT, without shaping therapy, appears to augment arm recovery, but a larger sample is required to confirm these findings. The FUT mitten was safe and well tolerated; however, more research is needed to determine the relation between FUT and hemiplegic shoulder pain.
authors.affiliation: Div. of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada. mploughm@mun.ca
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ploughman
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corbett
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D011187:Posture; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012785:Shoulder Joint; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome