title: Long-distance transport of L-ascorbic acid in potato.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following on from recent advances in plant AsA biosynthesis there is increasing interest in elucidating the factors contributing to the L-ascorbic acid (AsA) content of edible crops. One main objective is to establish whether in sink organs such as fruits and tubers, AsA is synthesised in situ from imported photoassimilates or synthesised in source tissues and translocated via the phloem. In the current work we test the hypothesis that long-distance transport is involved in AsA accumulation within the potato tuber, the most significant source of AsA in the European diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the EDTA exudation technique we confirm the presence of AsA in the phloem of potato plants and demonstrate a correlation between changes in the AsA content of source leaves and that of phloem exudates. Comparison of carboxyflourescein and AgNO3 staining is suggestive of symplastic unloading of AsA in developing tubers. This hypothesis was further supported by the changes in AsA distribution during tuber development which closely resembled those of imported photoassimilates. Manipulation of leaf AsA content by supply of precursors to source leaves resulted in increased AsA content of developing tubers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data provide strong support to the hypothesis that long-distance transport of AsA occurs in potato. We also show that phloem AsA content and AsA accumulation in sink organs can be directly increased via manipulation of AsA content in the foliage. We are now attempting to establish the quantitative contribution of imported AsA to overall AsA accumulation in developing potato tubers via transgenic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Plant Biochemistry, Scottish Crop Reasearch Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5 DA, UK. luigi.tedone@agr.uniba.it
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tedone
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Alberino
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haupt
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Viola
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008027:Light; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016622:Silver Staining / Q000379:methods; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013400:Sugar Acids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005452:Fluoresceins; D013400:Sugar Acids; C007813:galactonolactone; C024098:6-carboxyfluorescein; D005947:Glucose; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D005690:Galactose