title: Ephraim McDowell. Father of abdominal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University/ Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Borgess Research Institute, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Toledo-Pereyra
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history*; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D007629:Kentucky; D014768:Virginia