title: Study on the enantiomeric ratio of the pharmaceutical substances alkannin and shikonin.
abstract: The chiral pair alkannin and shikonin (A/S) are potent pharmaceutical substances with a wide spectrum of biological activity; their enantiomeric ratio does not influence the major biological activity studied hitherto. Nevertheless, in pharmaceutical development and approval of chiral drugs from the Health and Regulatory Authorities, full documentation of methods of analysis of enantiomeric drugs, is required in order to evaluate the enantiomeric purity of starting materials and final products and to control the stability of enantiomers in pharmaceutical formulations under several experimental conditions. In the present study, the enantiomeric ratio of A/S was determined in several commercial samples of alkannin and shikonin and also the proportion of A/S derivatives in several Alkanna root samples, which are all used as active ingredients in pharmaceuticals. Light and air proved not to influence the enantiomeric ratio of A/S on a shikonin commercial sample, and temperature also did not alter the A/S ratio on shikonin and alkannin commercial samples. Microencapsulation of alkannin and shikonin commercial samples in ethylcellulose microspheres and also molecular inclusion of a shikonin commercial sample in beta-hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrin, which are used as drug delivery systems, did not alter the A/S enantiomeric ratio.
authors.affiliation: Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Assimopoulou
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002214:Capsules; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002214:Capsules; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; C018204:alkannin; C016101:shikonin