title: Nutritional assessment of somatolactin function in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata): concurrent changes in somatotropic axis and pancreatic hormones.
abstract: The role of somatolactin (SL) in the regulation of energy homeostasis in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) has been analysed. First, a down-regulation of plasma SL levels in response to gross shifts in dietary amino acid profile and the graded replacement of fish meal by plant protein sources (50%, 75% and 100%) has been observed. Thus, the impaired growth performance with changes in dietary amino acid profile and dietary protein source was accompanied by a decrease in plasma SL levels, which also decreased over the course of the post-prandial period irrespective of dietary nitrogen source. Secondly, we examined the effect of SL and growth hormone (GH) administration on voluntary feed intake. A single intraperitoneal injection of recombinant gilthead sea bream SL (0.1 microg/g fish) evoked a short-term inhibition of feed intake, whereas the same dose of GH exerted a marked enhancement of feed intake that still persisted 1 week later. Further, we addressed the effect of arginine (Arg) injection upon SL and related metabolic hormones (GH, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), insulin and glucagon) in fish fed diets with different nitrogen sources. A consistent effect of Arg injection (6.6 micromol/g fish) on plasma GH and IGF-I levels was not found regardless of dietary treatment. In contrast, the insulinotropic effect of Arg was found irrespective of dietary treatment, although the up-regulation of plasma glucagon and glucose levels was more persistent in fish fed a fish meal based diet (diet FM) than in those fed a plant protein diet with a 75% replacement (diet PP75). In the same way, a persistent and two-fold increase in plasma SL levels was observed in fish fed diet FM, whereas no effect was found in fish fed diet PP75. Taken together, these findings provide additional evidence for a role of SL as a marker of energy status, which may be perceived by fish as a daily and seasonal signal of abundant energy at a precise calendar time.
authors.affiliation: Biology, Culture and Pathology of Fish Species, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal (CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vega-Rubín de Celis
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rojas
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez-Requeni
authors.forename: Amaya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albalat
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Médale
authors.forename: Sadasivam J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kaushik
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Jaume
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pérez-Sánchez
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004032:Diet; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D029941:Fish Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D010907:Pituitary Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D021541:Sea Bream / Q000097:blood / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029941:Fish Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D010187:Pancreatic Hormones; D010907:Pituitary Hormones; C064448:somatolactin protein, fish; D013006:Growth Hormone; D001120:Arginine; D009584:Nitrogen