title: Anxiety in musicians with focal dystonia and those with chronic pain.
abstract: Psychological conditions were studied in 20 musicians with focal dystonia and compared with 20 musicians with chronic pain and 30 healthy musicians using the Freiburg Personality Inventory and the Questionnaire for Competence and Control Orientations. Additional questionnaires focused on perfectionism and anxiety particularly with regard to the dynamics of these psychological features. Musicians with focal dystonia and those with chronic pain more often displayed anxiety than controls. In both patient groups, anxiety was present before onset of the playing-related disorder. Dystonic musicians additionally showed higher levels of perfectionism than controls, which was not observed in musicians with chronic pain.
authors.affiliation: University of Music and Drama, Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans-Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jabusch
authors.forename: Sandra V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Altenmüller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009146:Music; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D010555:Personality Inventory; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires