title: [Urgent or emergent coronary revascularization using bilateral internal thoracic artery after previous clopidogrel antiplatelet therapy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Application of clopidogrel before diagnostic or therapeutical percutaneous coronary interventions has become standard for stent-thrombosis prevention. The irreversible platelet inhibition causes increasing bleeding complications if urgent coronary artery bypass grafting becomes necessary. This study evaluates the effect on bleeding complications of clopidogrel in urgent CABG using bilateral internal thoracic artery (ITA) and saphenous veins in all patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 166 patients (operated between 1/00-12/02) with urgent or emergency CABG, using both ITAs and compared 83 patients with previous (within 5 days) clopidogrel and aspirin application to 83 patients without clopidogrel. We evaluated chest tube output, reexploration rate and necessity of blood products, ventilation time and ICU stay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups were comparable with age, gender, number of performed anastomoses (mean 4/ patient). Chest tube output (24 h) was higher in the clopidogrel group (935 +/- 599 ml vs 754 +/- 335 ml (p = 0.018)), as well as reexploration rate with 7.2% (6 of 83) vs 0% (0 of 83) (p < 0.001). Number of blood products in the clopidogrel group for red cells was 2.41 +/- 1.88 U vs 1.84 +/- 1.47 U p = 0.03, for plateletes 0.43 +/- 0.88 U vs 0.024 +/- 0.22 p = 0.0001, for fresh frozen plasma 0.41 +/- 1.14 U vs 0.096 +/- 0.59 U p = 0.029. Mechanical ventilation time was 11.35 +/- 8.77 h vs 10.57 +/- 9.12 h p = 0.51, ICU stay 32.1 +/- 21.8 h vs. 29.8 +/- 21.1 h (p = 0.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous application of clopidogrel in combination with aspirin before urgent CABG induces increased chest tube output, reexploration rate and necessity of blood products, especially of plateletes. Nevertheless, routine use of both ITAs in patients after clopidogrel exposure can be performed with acceptable bleeding complications.
authors.affiliation: Krankenhaus München-Bogenhausen, Abteilung für Kardiovaskularchirurgie, Englschalkingerstr. 77, 81925 München, Germany.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schmidtler
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gansera
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spiliopoulos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Angelis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neumaier-Prauser
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Kemkes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001241:Aspirin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013895:Thoracic Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin
vernacular_title: Dringliche oder notfallmässige Koronarrevaskularisation unter Verwendung beider Arteria Thoracica interna nach vorheriger Thrombozytenaggregationshemmung mit Clopidogrel.