title: The risk of venous thromboembolic disease in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence indicates that patients with multiple myeloma receiving combination chemotherapy containing thalidomide are at a significantly high risk for venous thromboembolic disease (VTD). However, information on the occurrence of VTD in a related disorder, benign monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), is limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively investigated patients with MGUS for the occurrence of VTD. The diagnosis of MGUS was based on well known criteria for the disorder. The variables examined were sex, age, race, presence of underlying conditions, level and type of immunoglobulin [serum monoclonal (M)-protein] platelet counts and level of fibrinogen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of a total of 310 patients with MGUS, 19 (6.1%) developed VTD after a median follow-up of 44 months (range 12-67 months). In a univariate analysis, age >/=65 years (P=0.01), M-protein >/=16 g/l (P=0.001) and progression to plasma cell or lymphoproliferative disorders (28 of 310 patients; P=0.001) were significant risk factors for VTD. In multivariate analysis, M-spike >/=16 g/l [risk ratio (RR)=6.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.25-17.6; P=0.001] and future development of plasma cell or lymphoproliferative disorder (RR = 4.2; 95% CI 1.64-10.7; P=0.003) were variables strongly associated with the occurrence of VTD. A total of 46 patients (14.8%) died during the follow-up period of the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that patients with MGUS are at increased risk for VTD. Although a clear reason for the pre-thrombotic state in these patients is not currently evident, few risk factors were identified in the group of patients examined.
authors.affiliation: Thrombosis and Hemostasis Program and Feist-Weiller Cancer, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA. reccos42000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sallah
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Husain
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010265:Paraproteinemias / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; C023587:protein M (glycoprotein)