title: Anatomical reconsideration to renal area: lessons learned from radical nephrectomy or adrenalectomy through a minimal incision over the 12th rib.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To perform radical nephrectomy or adrenalectomy through a minimal incision over the 12th rib and to compare this with the traditional supracostal or transcostal approach. We review and clarify the related surgical anatomy through close observation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed radical nephrectomy in six patients with upper urinary tract carcinoma through a minimal incision over the 12th rib and in five patients with renal cell carcinoma through a medium-sized incision, and adrenalectomy in five patients (bilaterally in one) again through a minimal incision over the 12th rib. During surgery, special points were noted to find out the differences between the new minimal-incision approach and the conventional approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedures were accomplished smoothly with no complications through either a minimal or medium-sized incision. From our observation, it is clear that most of the procedures involved in the minimal-incision approach were and should be carried out within the space created in the retroperitoneum beneath the lateroconal fascia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Entering the correct anatomical planes posteriorly and anteriorly in the renal fasciae is a prerequisite for full mobilization of the kidney, together with the perinephric fat. To perform this, recognition of the lateroconal fascia and incising it along the correct lines are of the utmost importance for minimal-incision radical nephrectomy and adrenalectomy. Furthermore, this anatomical approach is also important for the conventional open approach and laparoscopic approach.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1, Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan. kart@hsp.md.shinshu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Haruaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyokawa
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012272:Ribs; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*