title: Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a useful modality for the precise detection and staging of early prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to visualize early stage prostate cancer (Cap) in a clinical setting. In previous studies, the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for screening Cap have rarely been confirmed by well-designed multisite prostate biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prostate glands of 90 men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were imaged by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) before transrectal ultrasound-guided 14-cores prostate biopsy. Each core was divided into three subcore fractions (total of 42 fractions) to generate a histological localization diagram, which was compared with localization-visualized DCE-MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The detection rate of Cap in 57 patients with PSA < 10.0 ng/ml was 36.8% as determined by the initial biopsy. DCE-MRI uncovered 92.9% of the clinically significant Caps and its specificity was 96.2% for the first biopsy session. One case with positive DCE-MRI and a negative primary biopsy was positive with additional biopsies. All of 26 DCE-MRI positive cases had significant Cap, and two of eight patients with histological Cap and negative or equivocal imaging had significant cancer. In total, 9 of 20 cases with DCE-MRI stage T2 underwent radical prostatectomy. All of them had organ-confined disease, although 33-77% (mean 63%) of them were expected to be rated T3 or higher by Partin's table.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DCE-MRI can identify early stage Cap with high sensitivity and specificity, and can predict the histological grade to some extent. DCE-MRI prior to biopsy should be applied to younger patients with surgical indications. Otherwise, we recommend the definitive diagnosis of Cap by utilizing DCE-MRI alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Labor Welfare Niigata Rousai Hospital, Joetsu, Japan. harasho@med.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okuizumi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bilim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen