title: Statins inhibit in vitro calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells induced by inflammatory mediators.
abstract: Although lipid-lowering therapy with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) decreases the progression of coronary artery and aortic valve calcification, the mechanism of action of these drugs to inhibit the calcification process remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of statins such as cerivastatin and atorvastatin on vascular calcification by utilizing an in vitro model of inflammatory vascular calcification. Cerivastatin and atorvastatin dose-dependently inhibited in vitro calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) induced by the following inflammatory mediators (IM): interferon-gamma, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and oncostatin M. These statins also depressed expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in HVSMCs induced by these factors. Mevalonate and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate reversed the inhibitory effect of cerivastatin on ALP expression in HVSMCs, while farnesylpyrophosphate showed no effect on the ALP activities inhibited by this drug, suggesting that inhibition of Rho and its downstream target, Rho kinase may mediate the inhibitory effect of cerivastatin. Cerivastatin prevented RhoA activation in HVSMCs induced by the IM. A specific inhibitor of Rho kinase (Y-27632) inhibited in vitro calcification and induction of ALP in HVSMCs. These findings provide a possible mechanism of statins to prevent the progression of calcification in inflammatory vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiac valvular calcification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Akane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kizu
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shioi
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jono
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D002114:Calcinosis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011106:Polyisoprenyl Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
chemical_list: D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D011106:Polyisoprenyl Phosphates; D011725:Pyridines; D011758:Pyrroles; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C004808:farnesyl pyrophosphate; D000069059:Atorvastatin; C086276:cerivastatin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; C002963:geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; D008798:Mevalonic Acid