title: A model for the management of an atypical endophthalmitis outbreak.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a model for the assessment, investigation, and management of an atypical outbreak of infectious endophthalmitis of indeterminate aetiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  A published statistical model was used to determine when the case-load constituted an outbreak. Intraocular surgery was discontinued and a multidisciplinary infection control team was formed aimed at identifying potential causative factors among the following categories: environment around theatre, preoperative preparation, intraoperative theatre practices, intraoperative surgical practices, postoperative practices, equipment maintenance guidelines, cleaning/sterilization practices, and microbiological screening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five cases of postoperative endophthalmitis developed following uncomplicated phacoemulsification cataract surgery by different surgeons over a 7-month period. Despite full investigation no single focus of infection could be determined. Four out of five cases were culture positive. Three grew Streptococcus viridans of different strains. The fourth culture grew Staphylococcus aureus. In the absence of a single causative factor, it was postulated the combined effect of multiple potential factors may have led to an increased bacterial load and subsequent infection rate. Improved practices were initiated including new cleaning protocols to combat the build-up of debris on phacoemulsification instruments. Cataract surgery was resumed with 3-monthly microbiological monitoring. There have been no further cases in the 12 months following the changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outbreaks of endophthalmitis typically present over a short time period and could often be attributed to a single infective cause. We present our experience of detecting and managing this cluster and recommend a 'ground-up' multidisciplinary model to manage future outbreaks of this devastating condition.
authors.affiliation: Central Eye Service, Central Middlesex Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shafi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keegan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vafidis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017146:Models, Organizational; D010348:Patient Care Team; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013242:Sterilization / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards