title: The interaction between osteoclast-like cells and osteoblasts mediated by nanophase calcium phosphate-hybridized tendons.
abstract: We developed a novel technique of hybridizing calcium phosphate (CaP) with bioorganic soft tissue using an alternating soaking process. By this technique, we hybridized CaP with a grafted tendon tissue to bond with a bone tunnel. Tendons were soaked in Ca and NaHPO(4) solutions alternately for 10 min. Needle-like CaP crystals 30-50 nm in length including low-crystalline apatite were deposited on and between collagen fibrils from the surface to 200 microm deep in the tendon. In light and transmission electron microscopic images, osteoclast-like cells and osteoblasts appeared on the implanted tendon and osteoid was observed on the tendon surface at 1 week postoperatively. At 2 weeks postoperatively, osteoclast-like cells resolved the tendon by forming Howship's lacuna-like spaces on the surfaces and osteoblasts formed osteoid in these spaces. Direct bonding between the implanted tendon and the newly formed bone was observed. At 3 weeks postoperatively, thick newly formed bone firmly bonded to tendon surface. From these results, we conclude that the tendons prepared by an accelerated CaP hybridization method efficiently enhance osteoclast-like cells and osteoblasts to bond the implanted tendons to newly formed bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mutsuzaki
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakane
authors.forename: Atsuo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyanaga
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D044367:Phase Transition; D011817:Rabbits; D013710:Tendons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D019737:Transplants
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C020243:calcium phosphate