title: Skin markers of occult spinal dysraphism in children: a review of 54 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the diagnostic value of lumbosacral midline cutaneous lesions in asymptomatic children to detect occult spinal dysraphism (OSD) and to propose a practical approach for clinical investigations with respect to the type of cutaneous lesions observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 54 children referred to the Department of Pediatric Dermatology between 1990 and 1999 for congenital midline lumbosacral cutaneous lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The private or institutional practices of participating dermatologists and pediatricians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Evaluation of the diagnostic value of midline cutaneous lesions for the detec-tion of OSD. Association of skin examination findings with spinal anomalies detected by magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occult spinal dysraphism was detected in 3 of 36 patients with an isolated congenital midline lesion and 11 of 18 patients with a combination of 2 or more different skin lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of 2 or more congenital midline skin lesions is the strongest marker of OSD. Careful dermatologic examination is needed to detect suggestive markers and request a spinal magnetic resonance image, which is the most sensitive radiologic approach to detect an OSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Groupe Hospitalier Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guggisberg
authors.forename: Smaïl
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hadj-Rabia
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viney
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bodemer
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brunelle
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zerah
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierre-Kahn
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: de Prost
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamel-Teillac
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D018324:Hemangioma, Capillary / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019339:Port-Wine Stain / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012868:Skin Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D016136:Spina Bifida Occulta / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler