title: Hormonal therapy for the management of grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma: a literature review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We reviewed reported cases of grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma that were conservatively managed with hormonal therapy in an effort to identify the most effective treatment regimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched MEDLINE and other databases for English-language articles describing patients with grade 1 endometrial adenocarcinoma who were treated with hormonal therapy. The search included articles published between January 1966 and December 2003. The following key words were used: endometrial cancer, uterine cancer, adenocarcinoma, hormones, progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, conservative therapy, fertility, and female. A total of 79 articles were found. Studies were excluded for the following reasons: advanced stage, metastatic or recurrent disease, progestin use after radiation, chemotherapy, or surgery, concurrent with radiation therapy or chemotherapy, administration of progestin other than orally or intramuscularly, tumor confined to a polyp, grade 2 or 3 disease, undocumented grade, nonendometrioid histology, progestin use in conjunction with ovarian wedge resection or other hormones, and hyperplasia. Our study ultimately included 81 patients in 27 articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-two patients (76%) responded to treatment. The median time to response was 12 weeks (range, 4-60 weeks). Fifteen patients (24%) who initially responded to treatment recurred. The median time to recurrence was 19 months (range, 6-44 months). Ten (67%) of the patients with recurrence ultimately underwent total abdominal hysterectomy. Residual endometrial carcinoma was found in six patients (60%). Nineteen patients never responded. Twenty patients were able to become pregnant at least once after completing treatment. The median follow-up was 36 weeks (range, 0 weeks-30 years). No patients died of their disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients reported with well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma who undergo conservative treatment with a progestational agent respond to treatment. When an initial response is not achieved or when disease recurs, carcinoma extending beyond the uterus is rare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. peramire@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Pedro T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Ramirez
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frumovitz
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bodurka
authors.forename: Charlotte C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Levenback
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D011372:Progestins