title: Tardive dyskinesia and DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, 5-HT2A variants in schizophrenia: an association study with repeated assessment.
abstract: We performed an association study between four candidate genes, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4 and 5-HT2A for the presence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) on 84 patients with residual schizophrenia. The sample was evaluated again for the presence of TD after an interval of 3 years. The first group did not exhibit TD in either observation (n=34) while in the second group of patients exhibited TD in at least one of the observations (n=20+18). The clinical and socio-demographic characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups; the genetic analysis revealed a significant correlation between the C/C genotype of 5-HT2A and TD (p=0.017). An association trend was observed between the 'short' variant of DRD4 and TD (p=0.022). We did not observe any significant association for the DRD2 and DRD3 polymorphisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatric Sciences, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute University School of Medicine, Milan, Italy. lattuada.enrico@hsr.it
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lattuada
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serretti
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorenzi
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Smeraldi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / Q000235:genetics*; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; C493593:DRD3 protein, human; C493599:DRD4 protein, human; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D004247:DNA