title: Polymorphism within the glutathione S-transferase P1 gene is associated with increased susceptibility to childhood malignant diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the metabolism of carcinogens and anticancer drugs. Functional polymorphisms exist in at least three genes that code for the GSTs, such as the GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions or the A-G transition within the GSTP1 gene, which represents distinct GSTP1a and GSTP1b alleles. In the present case-control study, we aimed at estimation of the relationship between the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes and the susceptibility to various types of childhood malignancies and the early relapses of diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the polymerase chain reaction on the DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes, we identified the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes in 234 children at the initial stage of a childhood malignancy as well as in 460 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects who served as controls. The follow-up period for the effects of the anticancer therapy ranged from 11 to 43 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the controls, a significant increase in the frequency of the GSTP1b/GSTP1b genotype (odds ratio (OR) 5.7; 95% confidence limit (CL) from 2.4 to 13.8; Pearsons Chi-square P = 0.0001) was detected in the children with neoplasms. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes did not show any correlation with the risk of the de novo diagnosed neoplasms. During the observation, 62 children (26%) were found to be present with a local or disseminated recurrence of the diseases. The analysis indicated a trend in increasing risk of relapse for carriers of the GSTP1a allele (OR = 3.29; 95% CL from 0.73 to 14.67 P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support the hypothesis that GST genotype affects etiology and outcome of a variety of childhood malignancies.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Paediatrics, Medical University of Łódź, Poland. ezieln@wp.pl
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zielińska
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zubowska
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bodalski
mesh_terms: D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000217:Acyltransferases; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C491107:GSTT2 protein, human; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C043403:fatty acyl ethyl ester synthase