title: How thrombus model impacts the in vitro study of interventional thrombectomy procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous experimental models are used to investigate the effectiveness of thrombectomy devices. We aimed to study the systematic effects of different in vitro thrombus models on the results of experimental thrombectomy and examined how thrombi formed in vitro and ex vivo differ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three variables involved in human in vitro thrombogenesis were investigated: spontaneous or thrombin-induced clotting, age (1 or 5 days old), and storage temperature (4 degrees C or 21 degrees C). The fibrin content of in vitro and fresh or old ex vivo thrombi was measured by histologic studies. Ten experiments were performed with each of 8 different in vitro thrombus types using (1) ultrasound thrombolysis, (2) Oasis thrombectomy, (3) Amplatz thrombectomy, and (4) Straub-Rotarex catheters. Thrombus weight was measured after standardized treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fibrin content was markedly lower in all in vitro than in fresh and old ex vivo thrombi. In vitro thrombus type had no impact on the effectiveness of ultrasound thrombolysis and Amplatz thrombectomy. Thrombogenesis type affected Oasis and Straub-Rotarex catheter use. Storage temperature had a systematic impact on the outcome of Oasis thrombectomies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fibrin content of in vitro thrombi differs substantially from that of fresh and old ex vivo human thrombi. Experimental conditions may systematically impact experimental evaluation of thrombectomy procedures. In vitro thrombi with thrombin-induced thrombogenesis should be favored for use in thrombectomy experiments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany. Karsten.Krueger@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Krueger
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deissler
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coburger
authors.forename: Jochen W U
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fries
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lackner
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D010976:Platelet Count; D017131:Thrombectomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000601:surgery*