title: Randomized controlled trial of a dose consolidation program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness and financial impact of a drug dose consolidation (optimization) program using letter intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  This pilot program in a large, mid-Atlantic health plan utilized a randomized controlled trial research design. A review of adjudicated pharmacy claims records was performed monthly for 3 consecutive months from November 2002 through February 2003 to identify inefficient (i.e., >once-daily) regimens for any one of 68 dosage strengths of 37 single-source maintenance drugs with once-daily dosing recommendations. Prescribers who had prescribed one or more inefficient regimens were identified and randomized to one of the 2 intervention arms or a control arm. Prescribers in both intervention arms were sent personalized letters with information on their patients. inefficient regimens and suggested dose consolidation options. Patients of prescribers in one intervention arm received a complementary, patient-oriented letter. Pharmacy claims for patients in all arms were examined at 180 days after the date of the letter mailing for conversion to an efficient (once-daily) regimen. Financial modeling analysis calculated net savings as changes in pharmacy expenditures minus administrative costs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,614 inefficient regimens, representing 6.7% of claims for the targeted medications, were identified. The rate of consolidation to a suggested dosing option was lower for the Physician Letter arm (7.3%) than for the Physician/Member Letter arm (10.2%) (P = 0.046). Both intervention arms had higher consolidation rates than the Control arm (3.9%) (P = 0.018 and P = 0.000, respectively.). Approximately 30% of the regimens in each study arm were never refilled after being targeted. Financial modeling indicated that a dose consolidation intervention could save 0.03 dollars to 0.07 dollars per member per month (PMPM) in 2003 dollars with full medication compliance but only 0.02 dollars to 0.03 dollars PMPM when savings were calculated with realistic, partial compliance rates. Subanalyses performed at the drug therapy class level revealed few opportunities to justify implementing a dose consolidation program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After taking into consideration program administrative costs, high rates of refill discontinuation, and dose consolidation that occurs naturally without intervention, the results indicated that a letter-based dose consolidation program did not appreciably decrease pharmacy expenditures.
authors.affiliation: Express Scripts, Inc., Maryland Heights, Missouri 63043, USA. delatet@prodigy.net
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Delate
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fairman
authors.forename: Shelly M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Brenda R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Motheral
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations