title: Burden of general medical conditions among individuals with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Treatment of coexisting medical comorbidities may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes among patients with bipolar disorder. We determined the prevalence of general medical conditions in a population-based sample of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the Veterans Administration (VA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients (n = 4310) diagnosed with bipolar disorder in fiscal year 2001 receiving care at VA facilities located within the mid-Atlantic region. General medical conditions were assessed using ICD-9 codes, and we compared the prevalence of each condition in our bipolar sample with national data on the VA patient population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 53 (SD = 13), 10% were women, and 12% African-American. The mean age of the VA national patient population was higher (58 years). The most prevalent conditions among patients with bipolar disorder included cardiovascular (e.g. hypertension, 35%), endocrine (e.g. hyperlipidemia, 23%; diabetes, 17%), and alcohol use disorder (25%). When compared with national data, the prevalence of diabetes was higher in the bipolar cohort than in the national cohort (17.2% versus 15.6%; p = 0.0035). Hepatitis C was more common in the bipolar group than the national cohort (5.9% versus 1.1%; p < 0.001). Lower back pain (15.4% versus 10.6%; p < 0.0001) and pulmonary conditions (e.g. COPD: 10.6% versus 9.4%; p = 0.005) were also more prevalent among the bipolar cohort than the VA national cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with bipolar disorder possess a substantial burden of general medical comorbidity, and are occurring at an earlier age than in the general VA patient population, suggesting the need for earlier detection and treatment for patients with bipolar disorder.
authors.affiliation: VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA. amy.kilbourne@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kilbourne
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cornelius
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Harold A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pincus
authors.forename: Mujeeb
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shad
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salloum
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conigliaro
authors.forename: Gretchen L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Haas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies