title: Clinical outcome of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after induction chemotherapy for metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) following induction chemotherapy has been considered a critical component in the comprehensive management of advanced non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT). The objectives of the present study were to review the clinical outcome of patients who underwent RPLND and to evaluate the probability of necrosis alone, based on some readily available clinical data for these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven consecutive patients with NSGCT were treated with first-line chemotherapy at our institution between January 1993 and September 2002. Twenty-four of these patients, who underwent RPLND with normal values of tumor markers after induction chemotherapy, were included in the study. The cause-specific survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Various predictive factors for the histology were analyzed using multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pathological findings at resection were necrosis alone in 62.5% of cases, teratoma in 25.0%, and viable cancer in 12.5%. The cause-specific 3-year survival rate of patients who underwent complete and incomplete resection was 100% and 50.0%, respectively. Among several clinical factors, prechemotherapy tumor size less than 50 mm was found to be an independent predictor of necrosis alone (hazard ratio = 4.45, P= 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metastatic tumor size before chemotherapy appears to be one of the most important factors for the prediction of necrosis alone in the resected specimens of RPLND. The prognosis of patients might be influenced by the degree to which resection has been completed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. muramaki@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mototsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muramaki
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Sadao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamidono
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013724:Teratoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*