title: Risk factors for intracardiac thrombus in patients with recent ischaemic cerebrovascular events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracardiac thrombus is a common cause of cardiogenic cerebral ischaemia. Stroke recurrence is high, but thrombus detection with therapeutic intervention can reduce the risk. Accurate detection requires transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE), which is semi-invasive and costly.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for cardiac thrombus, enabling selection of patients for TOE and initiation of measures to prevent the formation of cardiac thrombus.
  
  
  METHODS
  151 consecutive patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attacks (mean age 62 years) underwent TOE for intracardiac thrombus detection within one week of a qualifying event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intracardiac thrombus was found in 26% of the patients (70% in the left atrial appendage). Multivariate analysis indicated the following clinical correlates: large stroke, odds ratio (OR) = 2.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 6.4); symptomatic coronary artery disease, OR = 3.0 (1.2 to 7.4); and ECG evidence of ischaemia, OR = 2.8 (1.1 to 7.7). Neither carotid stenosis >70%, nor stroke location correlated with the presence of thrombus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical factors correlate with and appear to be risk factors for cardiac thrombus in patients with recent cerebral ischaemia. These may be used to select appropriate patients for invasive and costly TOE investigation, irrespective of the presence of significant carotid stenosis (>/=70%) or stroke location.
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Program, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laowatana
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oppenheimer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018579:Patient Selection; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*