title: Interneurons of the neocortical inhibitory system.
abstract: Mammals adapt to a rapidly changing world because of the sophisticated cognitive functions that are supported by the neocortex. The neocortex, which forms almost 80% of the human brain, seems to have arisen from repeated duplication of a stereotypical microcircuit template with subtle specializations for different brain regions and species. The quest to unravel the blueprint of this template started more than a century ago and has revealed an immensely intricate design. The largest obstacle is the daunting variety of inhibitory interneurons that are found in the circuit. This review focuses on the organizing principles that govern the diversity of inhibitory interneurons and their circuits.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neural Microcircuitry, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Henry.markram@epfl.ch
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Markram
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toledo-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Anirudh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Gilad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Silberberg
authors.forename: Caizhi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003712:Dendrites / Q000502:physiology; D004594:Electrophysiology / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007395:Interneurons / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000502:physiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D019579:Neocortex / Q000166:cytology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D009479:Neuropeptides