title: A survey of resources and activities in the MISPHO family of institutions in Latin America: a comparison of two eras.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In developing countries, implementation of effective pediatric cancer programs can reduce the overall rate of childhood mortality. To promote this objective, Monzas International School of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology (MISPHO)--for 14 countries with limited resources in Latin America--was launched in 1996.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey was conducted to evaluate the possible impact of MISPHO on the following areas: research, educational, and clinical activities, diagnostic services, transfusion medicine, supportive care, ancillary staffing complement, and parents' associations--before and after 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No institution lost resources or activities after 1996 and there were overall gains, in particular in educational activities, diagnostic capabilities, creation of single and multiple institutional treatment protocols.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although notable improvements have occurred, there are still important needs that have to be satisfied.
authors.affiliation: Ospedale Nuovo S. Gerardo and Universita' di Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Masera
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003906:Developing Countries; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006295:Health Resources / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016522:Oncology Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration