title: Transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy for Japanese prostate cancer patients in Hawaii.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Our aim was to report clinical and biochemical outcomes of transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy in the treatment of Japanese patients with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer in Hawaii.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five Japanese patients underwent transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy using either iodine-125 or palladium-103 for clinical T1c-T2b N0 M0 prostate cancer. These procedures were carried out between December 1998 and December 2002 at The Queen's Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. Prostate-specific antigen measurements were collected from all patients at follow up. Biochemical failure was defined by three consecutive rises in prostate-specific antigen levels, based on the criteria of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus panel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median patient age was 71 years (range, 46-87 years). Thirty-six patients were implanted with either iodine-125 or palladium-103 as monotherapy; 59 patients received moderate-dose external beam irradiation first, followed by a prostate brachytherapy boost. The median follow-up length, calculated from the day of implantation, was 801 days (range, 237-1421 days). During this follow-up period, The Kaplan-Meier estimate of freedom from biochemical failure in this series was 94%. No major complications were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical and biochemical outcomes in the treatment of Japanese patients in Hawaii suffering from localized prostate cancer, using transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy, with or without external beam irradiation, compared favorably to results in similarly treated patients in the general US population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. morita34@aol.com
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lederer
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukagai
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D001918:Brachytherapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006254:Hawaii; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010165:Palladium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium