title: Police referral to victim support: the predictive and diagnostic value of the RISK (10) screening instrument.
abstract: One of the basic rights of crime victims granted under victim-orientated legislation introduced during the last 20 years in more than 100 countries worldwide is the right to be referred to victim support by the police. The under-utilization of psychological services by crime victims who are objectively in need of external support is substantial. Current legal procedures tend to perpetuate this unwanted condition. Programs aimed at the early detection and prevention of persistent postvictimization distress are more in line with the ideals of therapeutic jurisprudence. The RISK (10) screening instrument, which was specifically developed to be administered by police officers, may provide a basis for early detection. RISK (10) consists of a selection of 10 Risk factors with prior empirical evidence and theoretical significance. The focus of the present study was to examine the predictive and diagnostic power of RISK (10) components to detect persistent future psychological distress, among other things, in terms of Adjustment Disorder. Analyses were based on a sample of 93 crime victims who participated in the police and (3 months) follow-up parts of the study. Findings provided initial validation for the predictive accuracy of most RISK (10) components, and confirm the diagnostic value (in terms of specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive power) of risk factors, such as engaging in character attributions, upward comparison processes, fatalistic appraisals of the episode, and the initial reporting of expected deficiencies in social support. The clinical utility of RISK (10) for early detection in police stations is confirmed.
authors.affiliation: Achmea Foundation, Victimology Program, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. winkel@unet.nl
authors.forename: Frans Willem
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Winkel
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wohlfarth
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Blaauw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D019548:Crime Victims; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016495:Police; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012944:Social Support