title: Multilayer polyelectrolyte films functionalized by insertion of defensin: a new approach to protection of implants from bacterial colonization.
abstract: Infection of implanted materials by bacteria constitutes one of the most serious complications following prosthetic surgery. In the present study, we developed a new strategy based on the insertion of an antimicrobial peptide (defensin from Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes) into polyelectrolyte multilayer films built by the alternate deposition of polyanions and polycations. Quartz crystal microbalance and streaming potential measurements were used to follow step by step the construction of the multilayer films and embedding of the defensin within the films. Antimicrobial assays were performed with two strains: Micrococcus luteus (a gram-positive bacterium) and Escherichia coli D22 (a gram-negative bacterium). The inhibition of E. coli D22 growth at the surface of defensin-functionalized films was found to be 98% when 10 antimicrobial peptide layers were inserted in the film architecture. Noticeably, the biofunctionalization could be achieved only when positively charged poly(l-lysine) was the outermost layer of the film. On the basis of the results of bacterial adhesion experiments observed by confocal or electron microscopy, these observations could result from the close interaction of the bacteria with the positively charged ends of the films, which allows defensin to interact with the bacterial membrane structure. These results open new possibilities for the use of such easily built and functionalized architectures onto any type of implantable biomaterial. The modified surfaces are active against microbial infection and represent a novel means of local host protection.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 595, 11, rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France. christophe.egles@odonto-ulp.u-strasbg.fr
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Etienne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Picart
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Haikel
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dimarcq
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Voegel
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ogier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Egles
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D023082:Defensins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D016982:Micrococcus luteus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D023082:Defensins; D004573:Electrolytes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid