title: Better Prescribing Project: a randomized controlled trial of the impact of case-based educational modules and personal prescribing feedback on prescribing for hypertension in primary care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of individualized prescribing feedback and interactive small group education aimed at encouraging evidence-based prescribing in family/general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two-by-two factorial randomized controlled trial was carried out involving 200 family physicians in British Columbia, Canada. The physicians met monthly in 28 peer learning groups within the Practice-Based Small Group (PBSG) learning programme. Personalized prescribing feedback related to hypertension was provided through 'prescribing portraits' which graphically displayed comparative rates of individual and peer group prescribing, together with a concise guide for evidence-based prescribing. A case-based educational module, containing the same evidence-based message, was discussed in small groups. Groups were matched and randomized into four arms of seven groups each: control (n = 56), prescribing portrait only (n = 48), educational module only (n = 47), both portrait and module (n = 49). The main outcome measure was changes in 'prescribing preferences' to new patients among those medications used to treat hypertension (i.e. probability that a patient would receive the evidence-based medication as first-line therapy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using data from the provincial pharmacy registry (PharmaNet), prescribing preferences for antihypertensive agents were determined for all groups for a 6 month period before and after the interventions, based on 4394 patients receiving a first-line antihypertensive. Significant absolute increases in prescribing preference for thiazides were documented for both the module +0.068 (confidence interval [CI] 0.022-0.115) and the portrait +0.065 (CI 0.018-0.111). Preference in the group receiving both module and portrait increased by +0.115 (CI 0.040-0.189).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evidence-based educational interventions combining personalized prescribing feedback with interactive group discussion can lead to modest but meaningful changes in physician prescribing. Clear messages, proper trial design and sensitive outcomes are necessary to demonstrate these changes.
authors.affiliation: University of Western Ontario, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Health Sciences Addition, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada. carol.herbert@fmd.uwo.ca
authors.forename: Carol P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maclure
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dormuth
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brett-MacLean
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Legare
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Premi
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D001955:British Columbia; D004232:Diuretics; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education*; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods*; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D004232:Diuretics; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors