title: Detection of microsatellite alterations in bronchial washings in squamous cell lung cancer: the first study from India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In recent times, the possibility of detecting lung cancer using microsatellite alterations (microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity) in DNA of bronchial washings has been explored. However, no data regarding the presence of microsatellite alterations in lung cancer are available from India, a country which contributes significantly to the lung cancer burden of the world.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bronchial washings as well as tumor specimens obtained on bronchoscopy were analyzed for the presence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) using the D3S1300 microsatellite marker on chromosome 3p and the TP53 marker on chromosome 17p.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivities of the TP53 and D3S1300 loci in bronchial washings were 35% and 45% (combined 50%), respectively, which was significantly better than conventional cytology (positive for malignant cells in 15%). The presence of these microsatellite alterations was not related to the age, cumulative smoking exposure or smoking status (current or former) of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microsatellite alterations, particularly LOH, occur in a significant proportion of Indian patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. dranshupuneet@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Puneet
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Digambar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Behera
authors.forename: Radhika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Siddharth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: Anjlina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wali
authors.forename: Snober
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.forename: Rajinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaur
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase
chemical_list: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000099170:Bis(5'-adenosyl)triphosphatase