Decoding Ca(2+) signals through plant protein kinases.
Plants harbor four families of kinases that have been implicated in Ca(2+) signaling (CDPKs, CRKs, CCaMKs, and SnRK3s). Although each family appears to respond to Ca(2+) via different mechanisms, they all utilize Ca(2+) sensors that bind Ca(2+) through multiple EF-hands. The CDPK (Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase) family is represented by the most genes, with 12 subfamilies comprised of 34 isoforms in Arabidopsis and 27 in rice. Some of the calcium-regulated kinases also show potential for regulation by lipid signals and kinase cascades. Thus, Ca(2+)-regulated kinases provide potential nodes of cross-talk for multiple signaling pathways that integrate Ca(2+) signals into all aspects of plant growth and development.
Harper
Jeffrey F
JF
Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. harper@scripps.edu
Breton
Ghislain
G
Harmon
Alice
A
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology*; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium