Pharmacogenomics: the influence of genomic variation on drug response.
Unpredictable efficacy and toxicity are major hurdles in the administration of many medications. By identifying inherited DNA polymorphisms that influence drug disposition and effects, pharmacogenomics is an exciting tool for the individualization of drug therapies. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and DNA repair genes have recently been shown to influence drug toxicity and efficacy. This review will discuss clinically relevant examples of genetic polymorphisms that influence the outcome of drug therapy, and possibilities for future applications of pharmacogenomics.
Thomas
Fabienne J
FJ
Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Campus Box 8069, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. jwatters@im.wustl.edu
McLeod
Howard L
HL
Watters
James W
JW
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D004358:Drug Therapy; D014644:Genetic Variation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008780:Methyltransferases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D014859:Warfarin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use
D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D014859:Warfarin; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D008780:Methyltransferases; C022745:thiopurine methyltransferase