title: Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in serous ovarian carcinoma: relationship with topoisomerase II alpha and prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and topoisomerase II alpha (TPII alpha) in a cohort of serous ovarian carcinomas by immunohistochemistry with regard to outcome and clinicopathologic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded archival tissue sections of 10 benign serous cystadenomas and 41 serous ovarian carcinomas were immunostained with antibodies to VEGF and TPII alpha. Immunostaining for VEGF was scored with regard to quantity and intensity of positively stained cells as weak, focal strong, and diffuse strong. TPII alpha labeling indices (LI) were quantitated as the percentage of positively stained nuclei in 1000 tumor cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF expression was weak or negative in serous cystadenomas. In contrast, focal or diffuse strong immunostaining was observed in 21 cases (51%) of serous carcinomas. VEGF immunoreactivity was positively related with TPII alpha LI (P = 0.0055), adverse outcome (P = 0.0052), high International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (P = 0.0158), and high tumor grade (P = 0.0303). TPII alpha LI increased with FIGO stage (P = 0.0076) as well as tumor grade (P = 0.0034) and indicated poor prognosis (P = 0.0182).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VEGF immunoreactivity is related with TPII alpha LI and prognostically relevant. Expression of VEGF protein and TPII alpha may serve as markers of aggressive tumor behavior in serous adenocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Thermenklinikumm, A-2340 Moedling/Vienna, Austria. ddrbrustmann@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brustmann
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D018284:Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011379:Prognosis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II