title: Psychiatric nursing case management: past, present, and future.
abstract: This literature review examines the evolution of psychiatric nursing case management in the United States. Various models, both inpatient and outpatient, are described, along with the roles of the case manager in each setting. The development of clinical pathways to monitor and document outcomes in acute settings is examined, along with the difficulties in adapting them specifically to psychiatric nursing case management. The types of data collected and the use of outcomes to support programs for the mentally ill are reviewed. Finally, recommendations for psychiatric nursing case management are made to provide guidelines for the future.
authors.affiliation: The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, School of Nursing, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402-6172, USA.
authors.forename: Charlotte A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Herrick
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bartlett
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D019090:Case Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003152:Community Health Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D019091:Critical Pathways; D019468:Disease Management; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D020380:Needs Assessment; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011568:Psychiatric Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014481:United States