title: Q fever in Ireland. A seroprevalence study of exposure to Coxiella burnettii among Department of Agriculture workers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the risk of exposure to Coxiella burnettii among 'at risk' workers in Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional seroprevalence study, using the complement fixation technique (CFT), was carried out among technical and support staff of the Department of Agriculture in Ireland (n = 375). Participants were divided into low- (n = 34), moderate- (n = 158) and high-risk (n = 83) groups according to the likelihood of occupational exposure. A result of <1:8 on CFT was accepted as normal, i.e. no evidence of past exposure to the causative organism, C. burnettii. Participants with titres of 1:16 were clinically assessed for evidence of past or present infection and interviewed regarding the possibility of non-occupational exposure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The participation rate was 75% (n = 281). Overall, 24 of the 281 participants (8.5%, 95% confidence interval = 5.6-12.4%) tested positive (titres = 1:8). No statistically significant difference existed between the three groups (low, 8.8%; moderate, 9.5%; high, 7.2%). Of those reviewed (n = 10), no evidence of either past or present clinically significant illness was detected. Possible non-occupational exposure was identified in two cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laboratory evidence of past exposure to Q fever is common amongst readily identifiable 'at risk' occupational groups in Ireland, and appropriate preventative steps are warranted. Employees who do not have direct exposure to animals or animal products, but who work in a high risk environment appear to have a similar risk of exposure C. burnettii. Although clinical illness appears to be rare, health care workers should consider the possibility of Q fever in cases of unexplained illness arising in those working in 'high risk' environments.
authors.affiliation: Civil Service Occupational Health Department, 3rd Floor, Frederick Buildings, South Frederick Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. alex.reid@cmo.gov.ie
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malone
mesh_terms: D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006076:Government; D006801:Humans; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011778:Q Fever / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014730:Veterinary Medicine