Extraperitoneal laparoscopic lymph node staging: the University of Southern California experience.
OBJECTIVE
To describe our experience with extraperitoneal lymph node staging in gynecologic oncology.


METHODS
The extraperitoneal approach was performed to assess the lymph node histology in patients with gynecologic malignancies. The nodes are approached from a lateral approach after dissecting open the extraperitoneal space bluntly and with insufflation. Bilateral aortic nodes are taken from a left-sided or right-sided approach depending on the patient's characteristics.


RESULTS
Forty-six patients underwent this procedure over a 2.5-year period. Thirty-seven patients had cervical cancer. The median BMI was 27.1 (17.7-38.1). The median lymph node yield was 14 (0-60). Two patients had disruption of the peritoneum such that the aortic lymphadenectomy had to be completed transperitoneally. No patients required laparotomy. No patients required transfusion.


CONCLUSIONS
This technique permits histologic evaluation of the retroperitoneal nodes with minimal risk of intraabdominal adhesions. Recovery is rapid and further therapy can be prescribed shortly. The data on the nodes can assist in treatment planning.
Burnett
Alexander F
AF
Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. aburnett@uams.edu
O'Meara
Anne T
AT
Bahador
Afshin
A
Roman
Lynda D
LD
Morrow
C Paul
CP
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000473:pathology*; D006176:Gynecology / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space