title: Removal of pathogen and indicator microorganisms from liquid swine manure in multi-step biological and chemical treatment.
abstract: Concern has greatly increased about the potential for contamination of water, food, and air by pathogens present in manure. We evaluated pathogen reduction in liquid swine manure in a multi-stage treatment system where first the solids and liquid are separated with polymer, followed by biological nitrogen (N) removal using nitrification and denitrification, and then phosphorus (P) extraction through lime precipitation. Each step of the treatment system was analyzed for Salmonella and microbial indicators of fecal contamination (total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and enterococci). Before treatment, mean concentrations of Salmonella, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and enterococci were 3.89, 6.79, 6.23 and 5.73 log(10) colony forming units (cfu)/ml, respectively. The flushed manure contained 10,590 mg/l TSS, 8270 mg/l COD, 688 mg/l TKN and 480 mg/l TP, which were reduced >98% by the treatment system. Results showed a consistent trend in reduction of pathogens and microbial indicators as a result of each step in the treatment system. Solid-liquid separation decreased their concentrations by 0.5-1 log(10). Additional biological N removal treatment with alternating anoxic and oxic conditions achieved a higher reduction with average removals of 2.4 log(10) for Salmonella and 4.1-4.5 log(10) for indicator microbes. Subsequent P treatment decreased concentration of Salmonella and pathogen indicators to undetectable level (<0.3 log(10) cfu/ml) due to elevated process pH (10.3). Our results indicate that nitrification/denitrification treatment after solids separation is very effective in reducing pathogens in liquid swine manure and that the phosphorus removal step via alkaline calcium precipitation produces a sanitized effluent which may be important for biosecurity reasons.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, ARS, Coastal Plains Research Center, 2611 W. Lucas, St. Florence, SC 29501, USA. vanotti@florence.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Matias B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Vanotti
authors.forename: Patricia D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Millner
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Aprel Q
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Ellison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen