title: Omitting axillary lymph node dissection in sentinel node negative breast cancer patients is safe: a long term follow-up analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the rate of axillary recurrences in sentinel node (SN) negative breast cancer patients without further axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 1994 and November 1999, all SN negative breast cancer patients who did not underwent complete ALND were enrolled in this prospective study. SN biopsy was performed by using the triple technique which combines preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative use of blue dye, and a handheld gamma probe to visualize and localize the SN. SNs were examined by standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC). During the first year after surgery all patients underwent clinical examination at 3 monthly intervals. This follow-up interval was prolonged to 6 month after the first year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 104 patients, 93 (89%) underwent breast-conserving therapy; all remaining patients were treated by modified radical mastectomy. In 91 cases a ductal carcinoma and in 13 cases a lobular carcinoma was diagnosed. One SN was removed in 80, two SNs in 18, and three SNs in 2 patients. Twenty patients received systemic therapy based on age and primary tumor characteristics. After a median follow-up of 57 month only one axillary recurrence was observed. During follow-up three patients developed distant metastases. One of these patient with metastases to the bone is alive with evidence of disease. The remaining two patients died 9 and 19 month after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our long term follow-up results indicate that survival is excellent (98%) and local axillary control is adequate (99%) after omitting ALND in a group of 104 SN negative breast cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Torrenga
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fabry
authors.forename: Joost R M
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: van der Sijp
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van Diest
authors.forename: Rik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pijpers
authors.forename: Sybren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meijer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla / Q000601:surgery; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018275:Carcinoma, Lobular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008408:Mastectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016019:Survival Analysis