title: Modulation of Rho GTPases by type III secretion system translocated effectors of Yersinia.
abstract: Pathogenic species of the bacterial genus Yersinia subdue the immune system to proliferate and spread within the host organism. For this purpose yersiniae employ a type III secretion apparatus which governs injection of six effector proteins ( Y ersinia outer proteins; Yops) into host cells. Yops control various regulatory and signalling proteins in a unique and highly specific manner. YopE, YopT, and YpkA/YopO modulate the activity of Rho GTP-binding proteins, whereas YopH dephosphorylates phospho-tyrosine residues in focal adhesion proteins. Furthermore, YopP/YopJ and YopM affect cell survival/apoptosis and cell proliferation, respectively. In this review the focus will be on the biochemistry and cellular effects of YopT, YopE, YopO/YpkA, and YopH.
authors.affiliation: Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Pettenkoferstr. 9a, 80336, München, Germany. aepfelbacher@m3401.mpk.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aepfelbacher
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015007:Yersinia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins