title: Toll-dependent and Toll-independent immune responses in Drosophila.
abstract: The multifaceted response of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster to infection by a wide range of microbes is complex and remarkably efficient. Its most prominent aspect is the immune-inducible expression of a set of potent antimicrobial peptides. Genetic analysis of the regulation of the genes encoding these peptides has led to the identification of the receptor Toll as an essential component of the fly's host defense system. In addition, these studies have revealed that the response to Gram-negative bacterial infections involves Toll-independent mechanisms, and that the sensing of infection involves two structurally distinct sets of molecules--the PGRPs and the GNBPs/betaGRPs.
authors.affiliation: UPR9022 du CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Strasbourg, France. JL.Imler@ibmc.u-strasbg.fr
authors.forename: Jean-Luc
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Imler
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferrandon
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Royet
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reichhart
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hetru
authors.forename: Jules A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D000818:Animals; D001798:Blood Proteins; D004330:Drosophila / Q000276:immunology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D019476:Insect Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D001798:Blood Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D019476:Insect Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C068721:Tl protein, Drosophila; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C495341:tehao protein, Drosophila