title: Prevention of vesicoureteral reflux at the time of complete primary repair of the exstrophy-epispadias complex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With Mitchell's technique it is possible to perform bladder closure, reconstruction of epispadias and the bladder neck in one single procedure in an exstrophy patient. However the most common postoperative complication is pyelonephritis secondary to vesicouretral reflux. Reflux is closely linked to bladder exstrophy due to an abnormal anatomic development of the distal ureteral segment and to a pathologic bladder disposition. This problem is normally solved in subsequent surgical procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We decided to apply the technique described by Gil-Vernet as a first step of a bladder exstrophy repair following the Mitchell's technique. This ureteral advancement by means of trigonoplasty is a simple surgical procedure for vesicouretral reflux that preserves the intrinsic and extrinsic periureteral musculature. It is quite a short procedure that has yielded rates of success over 90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The realization of this antireflux technique together with the primary closure could avoid later surgical correction in patients whose have had multiple operations.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Urology Unit, Urology Service, Fundación Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain. zarzuelo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Garat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de la Peña
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Caffaratti
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Villavicencio
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D004842:Epispadias / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000601:surgery; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control