title: Suppressing effects of dietary supplementation of soybean trypsin inhibitor on spontaneous, experimental and peritoneal disseminated metastasis in mouse model.
abstract: The modifying effects of a Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI) and a Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitor (BBI), purified from soybean trypsin inhibitor, as dietary supplements on experimental and spontaneous pulmonary metastasis of murine Lewis lung carcinoma 3LL cells as well as peritoneal disseminated metastasis model in human ovarian cancer HRA cells were investigated in i.v., s.c. and i.p. injection models in mice. Seven groups of female C57BL/6 or nude mice were fed a basal diet (control group) or the basal diet supplemented with KTI or BBI (5, 15, or 50 g/kg). Here we show that, in an in vivo spontaneous metastasis assay, the diet supplementation with KTI (15 and 50 g/kg), but not with BBI, for 28 days immediately after s.c. tumor cell inoculation significantly inhibited the formation of lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of lung metastasis was not due to direct antitumor effects of KTI. In an in vivo experimental metastasis assay, the diet supplementation with KTI or BBI for 21 days after i.v. tumor cell inoculation did not reduce the number of lung tumor colonies. In addition, KTI (15 or 50 g/kg) treatment in a peritoneal disseminated metastasis model of HRA cells resulted in a 40% reduction in total tumor burden when compared with control animals. Immunoblot analysis revealed that KTI specifically reduced expression of uPA protein as well as phosphorylation of MAP kinase and PI3 kinase proteins in the cells stimulated with agonists (G-CSF for 3LL cells or TGF-beta1 for HRA cells). These results suggest that dietary supplementation of KTI more efficiently regulates the mechanism involved in the entry into vascular circulation of tumor cells (intravasation) than in extravasation during the metastatic process. KTI treatment may also be beneficial for ovarian cancer patients with or at risk for peritoneal disseminated metastasis; it greatly reduces tumor burden in part by inhibiting phosphorylation of MAP kinase and PI3 kinase, leading to suppression of uPA expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan. hirokoba@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanada
authors.forename: Setsuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanayama
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018827:Carcinoma, Lewis Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D023421:Models, Animal; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014358:Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014360:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014358:Trypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk Soybean; D014361:Trypsin Inhibitors; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014360:Trypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz Soybean; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator