title: [Construction details of the "establishment and entry" system of medical associations in the GHQ occupation period].
abstract: The present Medical Associations (including both national and local ones) which were established in the GHQ occupation period have adopted the system of "public-service corporation of voluntary establishment and voluntary entry." Before World War II, Medical Associations were legislated by law and used the system of "voluntary establishment and forced entry" or "forced establishment and forced entry." In this essay, I examined the details about how this present system was constructed under the GHQ occupation. As the result, the following were found. Especially about (3), I made it clear that the way mentioned in past literature has contained some inaccuracies. (1) After the termination of the war, medical doctors commonly hoped that Medical Associations would not be state-controlled. So they didn't oppose drastic reorganization of the associations. (2) Executive officials of Medical Associations who participated in the work of reorganization tried to maintain the "forced establishment and forced entry" system because they were trying to preserve the old power. At the direction of the GHQ, however, they adopted the "voluntary establishment and voluntary entry" system. (3) It has so far been mentioned that Medical Associations became public service corporations based on article 34 of the civil law, as the GHQ opposed Medical Associations becoming organizations legislated by law. But this position is incorrect because it has been found that the GHQ approved of Medical Associations being legislated by a special law. The truth is that Medical Associations gave it up because of opposition from the Ministry of Health and Welfare.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kamisato-Tokoro
mesh_terms: D001244:Association; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007564:Japan; D008511:Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*