title: Atypical antipsychotic drugs and diabetes mellitus in a large outpatient population: a retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous research has suggested an association between use of atypical antipsychotics and onset of diabetes mellitus. We sought to compare the incidence of new onset diabetes among patients receiving atypical antipsychotics, traditional antipsychotics or antidepressants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study of outpatients with claims for atypical antipsychotics (n = 10 265) compared to controls with claims for traditional antipsychotics (n = 4607), antidepressants (n = 60 856) or antibiotics (n = 59 878) in the administrative claims database of a large pharmaceutical benefit manager between June 2000 and May 2002. Main outcome measures were adjusted and unadjusted incidence rates of diabetes (new cases per 1000 per year) in a 12-month period, as measured using new prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs after a 6-month lead-in period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Annual unadjusted incidence rates of diabetes (new cases per 1000 per year) were 7.5 for atypical antipsychotics, 11.3 for traditional antipsychotics, 7.8 for antidepressants and 5.1 for antibiotics. In multivariable analyses, age, male sex and Chronic Disease Score were associated with greater odds of diabetes onset. There were no statistically significant differences in outcome between the atypical antipsychotic, traditional antipsychotic and antidepressant groups. Multivariable comparisons among specific agents showed increased odds of diabetes for clozapine, olanzapine, ziprasidone and thioridazine (relative to risperidone), but these comparisons did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a large prescription claims database, outpatients taking atypical antipsychotics did not have higher rates of diabetes onset, compared to subjects taking traditional antipsychotics or antidepressants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. truls.ostbye@duke.edu
authors.forename: Truls
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Østbye
authors.forename: Lesley H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Curtis
authors.forename: Leah E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Masselink
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Peter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Dans
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Schulman
authors.forename: Ranga R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007344:Insurance Claim Reporting / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012737:Sex Factors; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines; D010879:Piperazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; C092292:ziprasidone; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone; D013881:Thioridazine; D000077152:Olanzapine