title: Progressing from light experimentation to heavy episodic drinking in early and middle adolescence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have examined psychological variables related to changes in drinking patterns from light experimentation with alcohol to heavy episodic drinking in early and middle adolescence. The present study examined parental and peer influences, gender and grade level as predictors of such changes in adolescent alcohol consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Approximately 1420 light drinkers were analyzed from Wave 1 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Heavy episodic drinking activity was assessed 1 year later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gender differences in transitions to heavy episodic drinking were observed, with males being more likely than females to make a transition. Parent parameter setting and communication variables, as well as peer variables at different grade levels, buffered these gender differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adolescents who are light experimenters represent a high-risk group as a consequence of their initial consumption tendencies. Some of these adolescents graduated beyond simple experimentation and moved into patterns of consumption that could be considered dangerous. Our analyses implicated an array of parental-based buffers: parent involvement in the adolescent's life, development of good communication patterns and expressions of warmth and affection. Minimizing associations with peers who consume alcohol may also have a buffering effect. There was evidence that these buffers may dampen gender differences not so much by affecting female drinking tendencies as by keeping males at reduced levels of alcohol consumption comparable to those of females.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, Columbia University, 622 West 113th Street, New York 10025, USA. rg650@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guilamo-Ramos
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turrisi
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jaccard
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis