title: Rhmod phenotype: a parentage problem solved by denaturing gradient gel electorphoresis of genomic DNA.
abstract: Initial Rh phenotyping of a man with hemolytic anemia, his wife, and son appeared to exclude paternity. No exclusion was found in other blood groups or in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system; excluding Rh, the paternity index was 98.58 percent. Samples from these three family members, and two other family members, were tested with additional Rh antisera. The results indicated that the propositus has an Rhmod phenotype with expression of c, weak e, and very weak D, E, and G antigens. To support this hypothesis, DNA analysis of the RHD and RHCE genes was performed on the five family members. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from exons 2 and 5 were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The DNA results corroborated the serologic findings and refuted the exclusion of paternity.
authors.affiliation: MRC Human Biochemical Genetics Unit, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London, NW1 2HE, UK.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Steers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mora
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carritt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tippett
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Daniels