title: Secular trends in cardiovascular risk factors among school-aged boys from Crete, Greece, 1982-2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to examine secular trends in major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, that is, obesity and dyslipidaemia, among Cretan children during 1982-2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidemiological survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 528 boys in 1982 and 620 boys in 2002, aged 12.1+/-0.1 y, were randomly selected from urban and rural regions throughout the county of Iraklio, Crete, Greece. Care was taken so that all procedures in 2002 closely matched those in 1982.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were 1.1, 9.6, and 8.4% higher, respectively, in 2002 vs 1982 (P<0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity has risen by 63 and 202%, respectively (P<0.001). Contemporary children were found to have 3.6% higher total cholesterol (TC), 24.9% lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), 25.3% higher low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), 19.4% higher triacylglycerol, 36.6% higher TC/HDL-C ratio, and 60.3% higher LDL-C/HDL-C ratio compared with their peers in 1982 (P<0.003). These differences persisted even when adjusting for BMI (P<0.02). The proportion of children having abnormal lipid values was much greater nowadays than in the 1980s, yielding odds ratios of 1.4-8.8 (P<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results are indicative of a largely deteriorated CVD risk profile in Cretan children since 1982, and predict an unfavourable CVD morbidity and mortality for this population in the foreseeable future.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Magkos
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Manios
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Christakis
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kafatos
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol