DC-SIGN: binding receptors for hepatitis C virus.
OBJECTIVE
To review the recent developments in and research into binding receptors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and especially the role of dendritic cell-specific adhesion receptor (DC-SIGN) in HCV.


METHODS
Both Chinese- and English-language literature was searched using MEDLINE (2000 - 2003) and the databank of Chinese-language literature (2000 - 2003).


METHODS
Relevant articles on DC-SIGN and HCV binding receptors in recent domestic and foreign literature were selected.


METHODS
Data were mainly extracted from 40 articles which are listed in the references section of this review.


RESULTS
DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific adhesion receptor and a type II transmembrane mannose-binding C-type lectin, is very important in the function of dendritic cells (DC), both in mediating naïve T cell interactions through ICAM-3 and as a rolling receptor that mediates the DC-specific ICAM-2-dependent migration processes. It can be used by HCV and other viral and bacterial pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus, CMV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis to facilitate infection. Both DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR can act either in cis, by concentrating virus on target cells, or in trans, by transmission of bound virus to a target cell expressing appropriate entry receptors. Recent report showed that DC-SIGN not only plays a role in entry into DC, HCV E2 interaction with DC-SIGN might also be detrimental to the interaction of DC with T cells during antigen presentation.


CONCLUSIONS
DC-SIGNs are high-affinity binding receptors for HCV. The clinical strategies that target DC-SIGN may be successful in restricting HCV dissemination and pathogenesis as well as directing the migration of DCs to manipulate appropriate immune responses in autoimmunity and tumorigenic situations.
Wang
Quan-Chu
QC
PLA Center for Diagnosis and Treatment for Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China. Quanchuwang998@hotmail.com
Feng
Zhi-Hua
ZH
Nie
Qing-He
QH
Zhou
Yong-Xing
YX
D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology*; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000502:physiology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000502:physiology*; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000502:physiology; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin; C091015:glycoprotein E2, Hepatitis C virus