title: Potent antileukemic interactions between flavopiridol and TRAIL/Apo2L involve flavopiridol-mediated XIAP downregulation.
abstract: Interactions between the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol (FP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L), were examined in human leukemia cells (U937 and Jurkat). Coexposure of cells to marginally toxic concentrations of TRAIL and FP (24 h) synergistically increased mitochondrial injury (eg, cytochrome c, AIF, Smac/DIABLO release), cytoplasmic depletion of Bax, activation of Bid as well as caspase-8 and -3, PARP cleavage, and apoptosis. Coadministration of TRAIL markedly increased FP-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells ectopically expressing Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), or a phosphorylation loop-deleted form of Bcl-2 (DeltaBcl-2), whereas lethality was substantially attenuated in cells ectopically expressing CrmA, dominant-negative-FADD, or dominant-negative-caspase-8. TRAIL/FP induced no discernible changes in FLIP, DR4, DR5, Mcl-1, or survivin expression, modest declines in levels of DcR2 and c-IAP, but resulted in the marked transcriptional downregulation of XIAP. Moreover, cells stably expressing an XIAP-antisense construct exhibited a pronounced increase in TRAIL sensitivity comparable to degrees of apoptosis achieved with TRAIL/FP. Conversely, enforced XIAP expression significantly attenuated caspase activation and TRAIL/FP lethality. Together, these findings suggest that simultaneous activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways by TRAIL and FP synergistically induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells through a mechanism that involves FP-mediated XIAP downregulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Rosato
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Almenara
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Maggio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D007938:Leukemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020298:U937 Cells; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494829:AIFM1 protein, human; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C494826:BAX protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015938:Complement Membrane Attack Complex; C412403:DIABLO protein, human; D005419:Flavonoids; D005420:Flavoproteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D010880:Piperidines; D011506:Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C047610:SC5b-9 protein complex; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; C496866:XIAP protein, human; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C077990:alvocidib; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D045304:Cytochromes c; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D020169:Caspases