title: Exercise capacity and cardiac function assessed by tissue Doppler imaging in chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relation between longitudinal left ventricular function assessed by tissue Doppler imaging (TDi) and exercise capacity in heart failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  153 patients with chronic heart failure from left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction < 45%) and 87 age and sex matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiography was used to measure conventional indices of left ventricular systolic function. TDi was used to assess left and right ventricular longitudinal function by measuring mitral and lateral tricuspid annular velocities during the cardiac cycle. Velocities measured at each point were the systolic peak (S(m)) and the diastolic troughs (E(m) and A(m)), corresponding to passive and active (atrial) left ventricular filling. Each patient also underwent treadmill exercise testing with metabolic gas exchange measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left and right ventricular TDi velocities were greater in controls than in patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) correlated with S(m) (r = 0.30, p = 0.0005), but not with E(m), A(m), or the E(m)/A(m) ratio. There were no significant differences between New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class for any of the TDi variables. Right ventricular indices were not related to exercise capacity. Systolic myocardial motion measured by TDi correlated more closely with peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) (r = 0.35, p < 0.0001) than LVEF (r = 0.21, p < 0.02). The E(m)/A(m) ratio was not correlated with pVO2. In multiple regression, S(m) was the only left ventricular TDi variable to predict exercise capacity independently (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exercise capacity and symptoms are poorly related to conventional measures of cardiac function and more closely correlated with indices of longitudinal left ventricular function as assessed by TDi.
authors.affiliation: Academic Cardiology, Castle Hill Hospital, Castle Road, Cottingham, Hull HU16 5JQ, UK. klauswitte@hotmail.com
authors.forename: K K A
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Witte
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Nikitin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Silva
authors.forename: J G F
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Clark
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004452:Echocardiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*