title: The acrosomal vesicle of mouse sperm is a calcium store.
abstract: Subsequent to binding to the zona pellucida, mammalian sperm undergo a regulated sequence of events that ultimately lead to acrosomal exocytosis. Like most regulated exocytotic processes, a rise in intracellular calcium is sufficient to trigger this event although the precise mechanism of how this is achieved is still unclear. Numerous studies on mouse sperm have indicated that a voltage-operated Ca2+ channel plays some immediate role following sperm binding to the zona pellucida glycoprotein ZP3. However, there is also evidence that the mammalian sperm acrosome contains a high density of IP3 receptors, suggesting that the exocytotic event involves the release of Ca2+ from the acrosome. The release of Ca2+ from the acrosome may directly trigger exocytosis or may activate store-operated Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. To test the hypothesis that the acrosome is an intracellular store we loaded mammalian sperm with the membrane permeant forms of three Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent indicator dyes: fura-2, indo-1, and Calcium Green-5N. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that the sperm were labeled in all intracellular compartments. When fura-2 labeled sperm were treated with 150 microM MnCl2 to quench all fluorescence in the cytosol, or when the sperm were labeled with the low affinity dye Calcium Green-5N, there was a large Ca2+ signal in the acrosome. Consistent with the acrosome serving as an intracellular Ca2+ reservoir, the addition of 20 microM thapsigargin, a potent inhibitor of the smooth endoplasmic reticular Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), to populations of capacitated sperm resulted in nearly 100% acrosomal exocytosis within 60 min (tau1/2 approximately 10 min), in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Additionally, treatment of sperm with 100 microM thimerosal, an IP3 receptor agonist, also resulted in acrosomal exocytosis. Taken together, these data suggest that the mouse sperm acrosome is a Ca2+ store that regulates its own exocytosis through an IP3 Ca2+ mobilization pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Herrick
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Schweissinger
authors.forename: Soo-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Keith R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bayan
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cardullo
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology*; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D002118:Calcium