title: The effect of supplementary feeding on the resilience and resistance of browsing Criollo kids against natural gastrointestinal nematode infections during the rainy season in tropical Mexico.
abstract: The objective was to determine the effect of supplementary feeding on the resilience and resistance of Criollo kids against natural gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections, when browsing native vegetation during the wet season in tropical Mexico. Thirty-four 2-month old Criollo kids, raised nematode free, were included at weaning in a 22-week trial. The kids were placed into four groups. Two groups of 8 kids were offered 100g/day soybean and sorghum meal (26%:74%, respectively fresh basis) (treated/supplemented (T-S) and infected/supplemented (I-S)). Two groups remained with no supplement for the duration of the trial (infected/non-supplemented (I-NS) (n = 10) and treated/non-supplemented (T-NS) (n = 8)). Kids in groups T-S and T-NS were drenched with 0.2mg of moxidectin/kg body weight orally (Cydectin, Fort Dodge) every 28 days. Groups I-S and I-NS were naturally infected with GIN. The animals browsed native vegetation (for an average of 7h/day) together with a herd of 120 naturally infected adult goats. Cumulative live weight gain (CLWG), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), total plasma protein and plasma albumin were recorded every 14 days as measurements of resilience. Resistance parameters (faecal egg counts (FEC) and peripheral eosinophil counts (PEC)) were also measured. Bulk faecal cultures were made for each group every 28 days. Every month a new pair of tracer kids assessed the infectivity of the vegetation browsed by the animals. The T-S group had the highest CLWG, PCV and Hb compared to the other three groups (P < 0.001). The I-S and T-NS group had similar mean CLWG and PCV (P > 0.05), while the I-NS group had the poorest CLWG, PCV and Hb (P < 0.001). The PEC of supplemented kids (I-S and T-S) was higher than in the I-NS and T-NS kids (P < 0.05). No effect of supplementary feeding was found in the FEC. Tracer kids and faecal cultures showed that kids suffered mixed infections with Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Oesophagostomum columbianum. Supplementary feeding improved resilience of browsing Criollo kids against natural GIN infections and was economically feasible. Improved resistance was also suggested by the PEC but was not confirmed in the FEC.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Km 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, México. tacosta@tunku.uady.mx
authors.forename: J F J
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Torres-Acosta
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Caballero
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandoval-Castro
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: May-Martinez
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cob-Galera
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000191:economics; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006041:Goats; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico; D009348:Nematoda / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D006109:Poaceae; D011891:Rain; D011897:Random Allocation; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins