title: Vagococcus carniphilus sp. nov., isolated from ground beef.
abstract: Nine enterococcus-like strains were referred to the Streptococcus Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for further identification from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Laboratory at the CDC. The cultures were isolated from ground beef purchased from retail in Oregon in 2000. Conventional biochemical testing and analysis of whole-cell protein electrophoretic profiles distinguished these strains from known species of enterococci and vagococci. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies revealed that these strains were most closely related to the species Vagococcus fluvialis. DNA-DNA reassociation studies confirmed that these nine strains represented a new taxon. The relative binding ratio was 87 % or greater at the optimal temperature, and the divergence was less than 1 % for strains hybridized against the isolate designated the type strain. DNA-DNA relatedness was 25 % to V. fluvialis and 9 % or less to the other three species of Vagococcus. DNA-DNA relatedness was 33 % or less to the 25 currently described species of Enterococcus. On the basis of this evidence, it is proposed that these strains be classified as Vagococcus carniphilus sp. nov. The type strain of V. carniphilus is 1843-02T (= ATCC BAA-640T = CCUG 46823T). The clinical significance (if any) of these strains is yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: P Lynn
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Shewmaker
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Arnold G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Steigerwalt
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Roger E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Morey
authors.affiliation: CNPq, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.|Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Maria da Glória S
authors.initials: MDGS
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucia M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Facklam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002417:Cattle; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000145:classification; D004952:Esters; D005516:Food Microbiology; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D009842:Oligopeptides; D009922:Oregon; D010802:Phylogeny; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D004952:Esters; D009842:Oligopeptides; D020543:Proteome; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; C430721:bacillibactin