Functional brain imaging and the induction of traumatic recall: a cross-correlational review between neuroimaging and hypnosis.
The behavioral and psychophysiological alterations during recall in patients with trauma disorders often resemble phenomena that are seen in hypnosis. In studies of emotional recall as well as in neuroimaging studies of hypnotic processes similar brain structures are involved: thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex. This paper focuses on cross-correlations in traumatic recall and hypnotic responses and reviews correlations between the involvement of brain structures in traumatic recall and processes that are involved in hypnotic responsiveness. To further improve uniformity of results of brain imaging specifically for traumatic recall studies, attention is needed for standardization of hypnotic variables, isolation of the emotional process of interest (state),and assessment of trait-related differences.
Vermetten
Eric
E
University Medical Center, Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, the Netherlands. e.vermetten@azu.nl
Douglas Bremner
J
J
D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008016:Life Change Events; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000503:physiopathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*