title: Propofol-induced injection pain: comparison of a modified propofol emulsion to standard propofol with premixed lidocaine.
abstract: Propofol is well known for its association with pain on injection. The most frequently used method to reduce this pain is premixture with lidocaine. Recently, a modified lipid emulsion of propofol containing medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) with long-chain triglycerides (LCT), in contrast to the usual LCT formulation, has been advocated to alleviate pain. In a randomized, prospective, controlled, double-blind study on 222 surgical patients, we compared the effect of the two solutions on the incidence and intensity of injection pain. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either propofol MCT/LCT (group M; n = 109) or standard propofol LCT with the addition of 20 mg of lidocaine (2 mL of lidocaine 1%) to 200 mg of propofol (group L; n = 113). Pain scores were assessed using a verbal analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0-10. Group L was found to have significantly less pain on the injection of propofol (mean VAS, 2.5 +/- 2.9) (mean +/- sd) than group M (mean VAS, 3.8 +/- 3.2; P = 0.002). Regarding postoperative recall of pain on injection, patients in group L indicated significantly less pain (mean VAS, 2.2 +/- 2.4) than patients in group M (mean VAS, 3.0 +/- 2.7; P = 0.02). Premixing of 20 mg of lidocaine (2 mL of lidocaine 1%) to 200 mg of standard propofol LCT causes less pain on injection than propofol MCT/LCT and thus increases patient comfort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Jasper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Bommel
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pelka
authors.forename: Maaike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dirckx
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004655:Emulsions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008055:Lipids; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014280:Triglycerides
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004655:Emulsions; D008055:Lipids; D014280:Triglycerides; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol