title: Monitoring the cellular effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in vitro and ex vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inhibition of 3hydroxy3methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase by statins and the subsequent reduction in Rho protein isoprenylation inactivates these important signaling molecules. The purpose of this study was to directly monitor statin effects on Rho proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used biphasic Triton X-114 system, 1-dimensional isoelectric focusing, and 2D-electrophoresis for the separation of modified and nonmodified Rho proteins. These methods were evaluated in human fibroblasts treated with simvastatin. 2D-electrophoresis, which proved to be the most sensitive method, revealed 2 major spots of identical molecular weight but different isoelectric points, with the more basic spot representing the carboxymethylated form of RhoA. In control cells, 90% of RhoA was fully modified (carboxymethylated). After treatment with simvastatin, a significant shift toward the unmethylated form was observed, representing inhibition of isoprenylation, which is a prerequisite to further modification. Similar shifts were observed for Rac1 and Cdc42. In freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a shift toward nonmodified RhoA was observed after treatment with atorvastatin in vitro and in vivo. There was a significant increase in unmethylated RhoA in statin-treated individuals versus control individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  2D-electrophoresis is a sensitive method for detecting changes in the amount of nonisoprenylated Rho proteins, allowing monitoring the direct cellular effects of statins.
authors.affiliation: Medical Clinic IV, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Iwona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cicha
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schneiderhan-Marra
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Christoph D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Garlichs
authors.forename: Margarete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goppelt-Struebe
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007526:Isoelectric Point; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D019821:Simvastatin; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein