title: [Genetic and pharmacological effects on prefrontal cortical function in schizophrenia].
abstract: Brain imaging studies with PET, SPECT, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and spectroscopy provide evidence of prefrontal dysfunction in schizophrenia. Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex is associated with cognitive impairment and negative symptoms. Combined multimodal imaging shows that a developmentally early disturbance of frontotemporal-limbic neuronal networks is associated with a disinhibition of subcortical dopaminergic neurotransmission. Current studies imply genetic factors in the regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission and their effects on prefrontal cortex function. Some studies also indicate that atypical neuroleptics may at least partially improve frontal cortex function. We review the literature and discuss genotype and medication effects on frontal dysfunction in schizophrenia. Molecular brain imaging combines imaging techniques with the assessment of genotype effects and represents a powerful tool for the understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin. andreas.heinz@charite.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: Dieter F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Braus
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallinat
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Puls
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juckel
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Weinberger
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005838:Genotype; D005973:Glutamine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D005973:Glutamine; D004298:Dopamine
vernacular_title: Genetische und medikamentöse Einflüsse auf die Funktion des präfrontalen Kortex bei schizophrenen Patienten.