title: Prognostic value of electron-beam computed tomography-derived coronary calcium scores compared with clinical parameters in patients evaluated for coronary artery disease. Prognostic value of EBCT in symptomatic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The electron-beam computed tomography-(EBCT-)derived calcium score provides a measure of coronary atherosclerotic plaque disease which may allow for more precise risk stratification in symptomatic patients. However, it remains unclear if EBCT can add prognostic information compared with the clinical information derived from risk factor assessment, exercise stress testing, and coronary angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cohort of 300 consecutive patients with recent (<3 months) onset of symptoms was retrospectively identified who were examined for possible coronary artery disease (CAD) and who all underwent EBCT. Successful follow-up after 3.5 years was obtained in 255 (85%) patients whose mean age at baseline was 58+/-11 years (n = 181 (71%), males). Four clinical categories with increasing evidence of CAD were constructed on the basis of risk factor assessment, exercise stress testing, coronary angiographic anatomy, and coronary revascularization at baseline. During follow-up, major adverse cardiac events (MACE: myocardial infarction, cardiac death, revascularization) were observed in 40 (16%) patients, including myocardial infarction and cardiac death in 5 patients. The 4 clinical categories were highly predictive of MACE, with a relative risk estimate of 28.3 (95% CI, 6.7-119.1) in the upper vs. the reference category. In univariate analysis, the relative risk estimate of MACE associated with a calcium score > or =100 was 12.0 (95% CI, 4.7-30.6). After adjustment for the clinical categories and for age, this estimate decreased in multivariate analysis, but remained predictive at 4.4 (95% CI, 1.5-12.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with first-time evaluation of possible CAD, EBCT-derived coronary calcium is suggested to provide for independent and additional information compared with the clinically available information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany. Axel.Schmermund@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmermund
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Möhlenkamp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eggebrecht
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baumgart
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grönemeyer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seibel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Erbel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed