title: Clinical outcomes in the diabetes cohort of the INternational VErapamil SR-Trandolapril study.
abstract: The INternational VErapamil SR-Trandolapril study (INVEST) had 6400 of 22,576 (28.3%) participants with diabetes at entry. The objectives of this prespecified analysis were to compare antihypertensive treatment strategies in the diabetes cohort (verapamil SR-based [n=3169] versus atenolol-based [n=3231]) and identify predictors for the primary outcome (a composite of first occurrence of all-cause death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke). During a mean follow-up of 2.7 years, 913 participants with diabetes experienced a primary outcome event, with no significant difference between treatment strategies (14.6%, verapamil SR versus 13.9%; atenolol hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.92 to 1.19). Risk for the primary outcome increased with presence of baseline heart failure, renal impairment, US residency, age, previous stroke/transient ischemic attack, previous myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, or smoking. High systolic and diastolic pressures during follow-up also were associated with increased risk, as were low diastolic pressures. Antihypertensive treatment with a verapamil SR or atenolol strategy resulted in similar rates of cardiovascular outcomes in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with diabetes. Thus, a verapamil SR-based antihypertensive treatment strategy is an alternative to a beta-blocker-based strategy in adults with CAD and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Rush Medical University, 1700 W Van Buren St, Suite 470, Chicago, IL. George_Bakris@rush.edu.
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Bakris
authors.forename: Efrain
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gaxiola
authors.forename: Franz H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Messerli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mancia
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erdine
authors.forename: Rhonda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cooper-DeHoff
authors.forename: Carl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pepine
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007211:Indoles; C052035:trandolapril; D001262:Atenolol; D014700:Verapamil