title: Endovascular treatment of epistaxis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Embolization of external carotid vessels in the treatment of intractable epistaxis is not well documented in Australasia. The aim of the present retrospective study was to audit our experience with the technique, and to compare it with other centres.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine embolizations were performed in 28 patients. Embolization was successful in 24 out of 28 patients (86%). Three patients required ligation of the anterior ethmoidal arteries, one of whom subsequently underwent successful repeat embolization. There were minor complications in 6/29 procedures (21%), and no major complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our outcomes compare favourably with those of larger centres. Embolization is an effective tool in the management of patients with intractable epistaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Green Lane Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. dvokes@adhb.govt.nz
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Vokes
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: McIvor
authors.forename: W John
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wattie
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chaplin
authors.forename: Randall P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002342:Carotid Artery, External; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects; D004844:Epistaxis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome