title: Smoking cessation: a pilot study of the effects on health-related quality of life and perceived work performance one week into the attempt.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most patients attempting to quit smoking experience symptoms that may influence functioning and sense of well-being.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a pilot study to assess the acute effects of smoking cessation on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and perceived work performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were mailed to patients of a smoking-cessation program just prior to quit date and one week after they quit. The questionnaires included the Smoking Cessation Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Work Performance Scale (WPS). Other data included patient demographics, smoking duration, Fagerstro m Test for Nicotine Dependence scale, and smoking status. Student's t-tests were used for pre-post comparisons as well as comparison between higher addiction and lower addiction groups, with p </= 0.05 used for determination of statistical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-four respondents (higher addiction = 12, lower addiction = 22) averaged 48.6 +/- 12.0 (mean +/- SD) years of age and were primarily white (97.1%) and female (72.2%). From baseline to one week post-quit, there was significant worsening of anxiety (71.5 +/- 25.1 to 61.1 +/- 26.0; p = 0.04) and cognitive functioning (72.2 +/- 20.4 to 61.3 +/- 23.9; p = 0.02) scores and improved general health (65.2 +/- 18.4 to 70.5 +/- 16.9; p = 0.01). HRQoL scores for the lower addiction group were higher than those for the higher addiction group, significantly for sleep, cognitive functioning, anxiety, role emotional and mental health. Both groups experienced significant improvement in self-control. The lower addiction group had a significant decline in sleep, cognitive function, and anxiety, while only one domain changed significantly for the higher addiction group. There were no significant differences in WPS analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study found that, generally, HRQoL changes one week into a smoking cessation attempt. Smokers with higher addiction have lower HRQoL when they begin their cessation attempt, while smokers with lower addiction have greater change in HRQoL.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. serick@umich.edu
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Linda A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Blitz
authors.forename: Lindsey R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pontius
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance / Q000523:psychology*