title: Recognition of internal derangements.
abstract: One of the most common symptoms of temporomandibular disorders is an internal derangement (ID). The aim of this study was to test the inter-observer reliability of the recognition of IDs by means of auscultation, palpation or both. To that end, 120 women and 100 men were screened by two trained examiners for the presence of IDs. Anterior disc displacement was diagnosed in 14% of the cases and hypermobility in 12%. In 4% of the cases, the ID was classified as 'other'. The inter-rater reliability (Cohen's kappa) was moderate for the presence of an ID for all techniques, while for the classification into type, an almost perfect reliability was found for the combined technique. It was concluded that the type of ID can best be established with the combination of auscultation and palpation; for the establishment of an ID as such, any of the three techniques would suffice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Function, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J R
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Huddleston Slater
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lobbezoo
authors.forename: M K A
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Van Selms
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naeije
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001314:Auscultation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D015588:Observer Variation; D010173:Palpation / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019224:Temporomandibular Joint Disc / Q000503:physiopathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology