title: The inhibition of LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation by ortho-substituted and microbially dechlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls is associated with a decreased expression of cyclin D2.
abstract: Immunological effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been demonstrated in our laboratories with the peferential inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced splenocyte proliferation by ortho-substituted PCB congeners. An investigation of the mechanism behind this immunotoxicity revealed an interruption in the progression of murine lymphocytes from G0/G1 into S phase by Aroclor 1242 and the di-ortho-substituted congener, 2,2'-chlorobiphenyl (CB), whereas, a non-ortho-substituted congener, 4,4'-CB, did not affect cell cycle progression. This interruption of cell cycle progression by 2,2'-CB and Aroclor 1242 was associated with a decreased expression of the cell cycle regulatory protein, cyclin D2, while expression was not affected by exposure to the non-ortho-substituted 4,4'-CB. These results suggest the preferential inhibition of LPS-induced splenocyte proliferation by ortho-substituted congeners is a result of a decreased expression of cyclin D2, which leads to an interruption in cell cycle progression. In addition, PCB mixtures with an increased percentage of chlorines in the ortho position following an environmentally occurring degradation process inhibited LPS-induced proliferation, interrupted cell cycle progression, and decreased cyclin D2 expression. This study provides evidence for a mechanism of action of the immunological effects of ortho-substituted individual congeners as well as environmentally relevant mixtures enriched in congeners with this substitution pattern.
authors.affiliation: Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
authors.forename: L Ashley
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Smithwick
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Quensen
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: Lucille
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: London
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000818:Animals; D001140:Aroclors / Q000494:pharmacology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002713:Chlorine; D056742:Cyclin D2; D016213:Cyclins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D001140:Aroclors; C486196:Ccnd2 protein, mouse; D056742:Cyclin D2; D016213:Cyclins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D002713:Chlorine; C027423:aroclor 1242; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls