title: Physical intimate partner violence in Chile, Egypt, India and the Philippines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Violence against women is recognized by globally as a serious health and social problem that impedes development.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the magnitude of physical intimate partner violence against women in six selected communities from Chile, Egypt, India and the Philippines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based household surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Selected urban communities in Temuco, Chile; Ismailia, Egypt; Lucknow, Trivandrum, and Vellore non-slum areas of India; and in Manila, the Philippines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women aged 15-49 years who cared for at least one child younger than 18 years old. The number of participants per community was 442 (Santa Rosa, Chile), 631 (El-Sheik Zayed, Egypt), 506 (Lucknow, India), 700 (Trivandrum, India), 716 (Vellore, India) and 1000 (Paco, the Philippines).
  
  
  METHODS
  Lifetime and Current physical intimate partner violence (IPV) was measured using standard definitions and four behaviors of actions--namely slap, hit, kick and beat. Three derived variables for severity included: disabling IPV, IPV-related injury requiring health care and multiple severe IPV (presence of hit and kick and beat).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percentages of lifetime and current physical intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in our sample of 3975 were as follows: 24.9 and 3.6 (Santa Rosa), 11.1 and 10.5 (El-Sheik Zayed), 34.6 and 25.3 (Lucknow), 43.1 and 19.6 (Trivandrum) 31.0 and 16.2 (Vellore), and 21.2 and 6.2 (Paco). Multiple severe physical IPV was more common in the three communities within India (9.0%, 5.9% and 8.0% in Trivandrum, Lucknow and Vellore) than the other three communities (Santa Rosa 2.1%; El-Sheik Zayed 2.9% and Paco 1.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical IPV was found to be a common phenomenon in all six communities. Overall, patterns of IPV behaviors were similar among the six communities.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. fatmahassan47@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Fatma
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Laura S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Sadowski
authors.forename: Shrikant I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Bangdiwala
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vizcarra
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ramiro
authors.forename: Cristiane S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: De Paula
authors.forename: Isabel A S
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bordin
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Mitra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003906:Developing Countries; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010679:Philippines / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data