title: Outcome in children with pulmonary Langerhans cell Histiocytosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate features and outcome of children with Langerhans cell Histiocytosis (LCH) and pulmonary involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective evaluation of LCH patients was performed from 1987 to 2001. Multisystem patients were classified according to the pattern of organ system involvement into Groups: A (no pulmonary, hematologic, or hepatic involvement), B (pulmonary involvement), C (pulmonary and hematologic or hepatic involvement), and D (hematologic or hepatic involvement). All had skin, bone, or lymph node involvement. Chest X-ray was performed in all patients and computed tomography (CT) in 21. Diagnostic lung biopsy was performed in five patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pulmonary involvement was found in 36/220 patients studied. Two patients had isolated pulmonary involvement. Multisystem involvement was present in 83 patients, 34 of whom had pulmonary involvement. In 20/36 patients, tachypnea, cough, and thoracic pain occurred. Diffuse interstitial involvement was found in all cases. Pulmonary function tests were performed in nine patients, six of whom revealed mild to moderate restrictive respiratory involvement. The two patients having isolated pulmonary involvement survived 2 and 2.7 years after diagnosis. Median follow-up of all multisystem patients was 2.1 years, with a 5-year survival probability of 0.59. The 5-year survival probability of Groups A-D was 0.94, 0.83, 0.23, and 0.40, respectively. The survival difference between Groups B and C was statistically different (P < 0.0071).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to our data, pulmonary compromise without other risk organ involvement does not appear to be a negative prognostic factor in our study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Juan P Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina. jolubraier@intramed.net.ar
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Braier
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latella
authors.forename: Blanca
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balancini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castaños
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosso
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chantada
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ripoli
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D006646:Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome