title: Temporal expression changes during differentiation of neural stem cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cell.
abstract: Temporal analysis in gene expression during differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) was performed by using in-house microarrays composed of 10,368 genes. The changes in mRNA level were measured during differentiation day 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 15. Out of 10,368 genes analyzed, 259 genes were up-regulated or down-regulated by 2-fold or more at least at one time-point during differentiation, and were classified into six clusters based on their expression patterns by K-means clustering. Clusters characterized by gradual increase have large numbers of genes involved in transport and cell adhesion; those which showed gradual decrease have much of genes in nucleic acid metabolism, cell cycle, transcription factor, and RNA processing. In situ hybridization (ISH) validated microarray data and it also showed that Fox M1, cyclin D2, and CDK4 were highly expressed in CNS germinal zones and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2 (Enpp2) was highly expressed in choroid plexus where stem/progenitor cells are possibly located. Together, this clustering analysis of expression patterns of functionally classified genes may give insight into understanding of CNS development and mechanisms of NSCs proliferation and differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
authors.forename: Joon-Ik
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Ki-Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong-Mi
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jae-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Chang-Mee
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong-Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002831:Choroid Plexus / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D056742:Cyclin D2; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C486196:Ccnd2 protein, mouse; D056742:Cyclin D2; D016213:Cyclins; D000072278:Forkhead Box Protein M1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; C491524:Foxm1 protein, mouse; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C495902:Cdk4 protein, mouse; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases