title: The combination oral and nutritional treatment of late-onset diabetes mellitus (CONTROL DM) trial results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of short-term improvements in glycaemic control on brachial artery endothelial function as a marker of cardiovascular health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Persons with Type 2 diabetes who were poorly controlled on oral therapy were randomly assigned to monotherapy with repaglinide or combination therapy with repaglinide plus metformin. Brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation was assessed by ultrasonography at randomization and following 16 weeks of therapy. The primary outcome was change in brachial artery endothelial function from baseline. Comparison of randomized groups was a secondary aim.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-six participants were randomized, and 83 were followed to study completion. Post occlusion brachial artery vasodilation was 3.74% at baseline and 3.82% following 16 weeks of therapy (P = 0.77). The treatment effect was 0.08% (95% CI: -0.48%, 0.64%). No difference was seen between treatment groups (P = 0.69). Overall, A1C was reduced from 8.3% to 7.0%, with a greater reduction in the combination therapy group (from 8.4% to 6.7%) than in the monotherapy group (from 8.3% to 7.3%, p for difference between groups = 0.01). Statistically significant reductions were observed in fasting glucose, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Statistically significant increases were observed for fasting insulin, uric acid, weight and BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brachial artery endothelial function was not influenced by short-term improvements in glycaemic control. The CONTROL DM group was successful in lowering A1C. Future research should explore more intensive and longer-lasting improvements in glycaemic control on endothelial function. Some data previously published in abstract form (Diabetes 2001; 50 (Suppl. 2): A217).
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1063, USA. drebouss@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Reboussin
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Goff
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lipkin
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Herrington
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Summerson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steffes
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Crouse
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Feinglos
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Probstfield
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Banerji
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pettitt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000187:drug effects; D002219:Carbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; C072379:repaglinide; D008687:Metformin