title: Microwave-assisted extraction versus Soxhlet extraction for the analysis of short-chain chlorinated alkanes in sediments.
abstract: Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was evaluated as a possible alternative to Soxhlet extraction for analysing short-chain chlorinated alkanes (commonly called short-chain chlorinated paraffins, SCCPs) in river sediment samples, using gas chromatography coupled to negative chemical ionisation mass spectrometry. For MAE optimisation, several extraction parameters such as solvent extraction mixture, extraction time and extraction temperature were studied. Maximum extraction efficiencies for SCCPs (90%) and for 12 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (91-95%) were achieved using 5 g of sediment sample, 30 ml of n-hexane-acetone (1:1, v/v) as solvent extraction, and 15 min and 115 degrees C of extraction time and temperature, respectively. Activated Florisil was used to clean-up the extracts, allowing highly selective separation of SCCPs from other organic contaminants such as PCBs. MAE was compared with a conventional extraction technique such as Soxhlet and good agreement in the results was obtained. Quality parameters of the optimised MAE method such as run-to-run (R.S.D. 7%) and day-to-day precision (R.S.D. 9%) were determined using spiked river sediment samples, with LODs of 1.5 ng g(-1). This method was successfully applied to the analysis of SCCPs in river sediment samples at concentrations below the ng g(-1) level. O 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parera
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Galceran
mesh_terms: D000473:Alkanes / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D008872:Microwaves
chemical_list: D000473:Alkanes; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated