title: Insulin feedback actions: complex effects involving isoforms of islet nitric oxide synthase.
abstract: The present study examined the effects of exogenous insulin on C-peptide release in relation to islet activities of neural constitutive nitric oxide synthase (ncNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS). The dose-response curves for glucose-stimulated insulin and C-peptide release from isolated islets were practically identical: 0.05-0.1 nmol/l insulin stimulated, 1-100 nmol/l had no effect, whereas concentrations >/=250 nmol/l ("high insulin"), inhibited C-peptide release. Both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects were abolished by the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase inhibitor wortmannin. Addition of a NOS inhibitor partially reversed the inhibitory action of high insulin, but had no effect on the stimulatory action of low insulin (0.1 nmol/l). Moreover, high insulin markedly increased islet ncNOS activity and induced a strong iNOS activity. As shown biochemically and with confocal microscopy, the stimulatory action of high insulin on NOS activities and the associated inhibition of C-peptide release were reversed by raising cyclic AMP through addition of either glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt(2)cAMP) to the incubated islets. We conclude that the positive feedback mechanisms of action of insulin are independent of islet NOS activities and remain unclear. The negative feedback action of insulin, however, can be explained by its ability to stimulate both islet ncNOS activity and the expression and activity of iNOS. The effects on iNOS are most likely transduced through phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and are counteracted by raising islet cyclic AMP levels.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, University of Lund, BMC F13 S-221 84 Lund, Sweden. javier.jimenez@farm.lu.se
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Feltstrom
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lundquist
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Obermuller
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salehi
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D025461:Feedback, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002096:C-Peptide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005934:Glucagon; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005947:Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011498:Protein Precursors; D000077191:Wortmannin