title: Stereotactic hypofractionated high-dose irradiation for stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: clinical outcomes in 245 subjects in a Japanese multiinstitutional study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stereotactic irradiation (STI) has been actively performed using various methods to achieve better local control of Stage I nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) in Japan. The authors retrospectively evaluated results from a Japanese multiinstitutional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with Stage I NSCLC (n = 245; median age, 76 years; T1N0M0, n = 155; T2N0M0, n = 90) were treated with hypofractionated high-dose STI in 13 institutions. Stereotactic three-dimensional treatment was performed using noncoplanar dynamic arcs or multiple static ports. A total dose of 18-75 gray (Gy) at the isocenter was administered in 1-22 fractions. The median calculated biologic effective dose (BED) was 108 Gy (range, 57-180 Gy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up (median, 24 months; range, 7-78 months), pulmonary complications of National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria Grade > 2 were observed in only 6 patients (2.4%). Local progression occurred in 33 patients (14.5%), and the local recurrence rate was 8.1% for BED > or = 100 Gy compared with 26.4% for < 100 Gy (P < 0.05). The 3-year overall survival rate of medically operable patients was 88.4% for BED > or = 100 Gy compared with 69.4% for < 100 Gy (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypofractionated high-dose STI with BED < 150 Gy was feasible and beneficial for curative treatment of patients with Stage I NSCLC. For all treatment methods and schedules, local control and survival rates were better with BED > or = 100 Gy compared with < 100 Gy. Survival rates in selected patients (medically operable, BED > or = 100 Gy) were excellent, and were potentially comparable to those of surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Tamaho-cho, Nakakoma-gun, Japan. honishi@res.yamanashi-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shirato
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niibe
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karasawa
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirokawa
authors.forename: Atsuya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hareyama
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: Ryusuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Itami
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome