title: The universal serial bus endoscope: design and initial clinical experience.
abstract: Endoscopic forehead lift is a well-established procedure in aesthetic plastic surgery. Many agree that currently available video-endoscopic equipment is bulky, multipieced and sometimes cumbersome in the operating theater. A novel system, the Universal Serial Bus Endoscope (USBE) was designed to simplify and reduce the number of necessary equipment pieces in the endoscopic setup. The USBE is attached by a single cable to a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port of a laptop computer. A built-in miniaturized cold light source provides illumination. A built-in digital camera chip enables procedure recording. The real-time images and movies obtained with USBE are displayed on the computer's screen and recorded on the laptop's hard disk drive. In this study, 25 patients underwent endoscopic browlift using the USBE system to test its clinical usefulness, all with good results and without complications or need for revision. The USBE was found to be reliable and easier to use than current video-endoscope equipment. The operative time needed to complete the procedure by the authors was reduced approximately 50%. The design and main technical characteristics of the USBE are presented.
authors.affiliation: UCSD Medical Center, Division of Plastic Surgery, 200 West Asbor Drive, San Diego, CA 92103-8890, USA. ghze@newplasticsurgery.com
authors.forename: Gregorio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Zendejas
authors.forename: Marek K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Dobke
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guerrerosantos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome