title: Use of intranasal midazolam to treat acute seizures in paediatric community settings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the acceptability of intranasal midazolam (INM) in acute seizure management in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Parents and staff in residential and educational settings were trained in first aid and seizure management and the administration of INM. Feedback was obtained from those who had given INM over the 30-month period September 2000-March 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intranasal midazolam was administered to 22 children for a total of 54 seizures (range 1-6 seizures each). The dose was 0.2-0.3 mg/kg rounded down to 1 or 2 of the 5 mg in 1-mL plastic ampoules, with the anticonvulsant instilled into the child's nose directly from the plastic ampoule. Seizures were effectively stopped on 48 occasions, i.e. 89%, while no respiratory arrests occurred. Thirty carers had given INM to a convulsing child and 27 (90%) reported no difficulty in administering it. Fifteen people had also previously administered rectal diazepam and INM was considered easier to administer than rectal diazepam by 13 while a preference to use INM rather than rectal diazepam was indicated by 14.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has shown that INM is an acceptable treatment option as a first aid response for acute seizures. We believe that INM should be considered as the preferred alternative in the community setting, as it is easier to administer and is more dignified for the patient than rectal diazepam.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia. michael.harbord@flinders.edu.au
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Harbord
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Kyrkou
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kyrkou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Coulthard
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003153:Community Health Services; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012640:Seizures / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D008874:Midazolam