title: Pathogen survival during livestock manure storage and following land application.
abstract: This paper reports the first year results of field experiments to determine the survival times of pathogens in livestock manures during storage and following land application, using viable count methods. E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter survived in stored slurries and dirty water for up to three months, with Listeria surviving for up to three months. In contrast, all these pathogens survived for less than one month in solid manure heaps where temperatures greater than 55 degrees C were obtained. Following manure spreading to land, E. coli O157, Salmonella and Campylobacter generally survived in the soil for up to one month after application to both the sandy arable and clay loam grassland soils, whereas Listeria commonly survived for more than one month. These data are being used to develop guidelines on the management of manures to minimize the risks of pathogen transfer from animal manures to the human food chain.
authors.affiliation: ADAS Gleadthorpe Research Centre, Meden Vale, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire NG20 9PF, UK. fiona.nicholson@adas.co.uk
authors.forename: Fiona A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Nicholson
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Chambers
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000502:physiology; D005308:Fertilizers / Q000382:microbiology*; D008087:Listeria / Q000502:physiology; D008372:Manure / Q000382:microbiology*; D012475:Salmonella / Q000502:physiology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005308:Fertilizers; D008372:Manure