title: Pulmonary complications following major head and neck surgery with tracheostomy: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of prophylactic antibiotics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that extended postoperative antibiotic cover would reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications in patients undergoing major head and neck surgery with tracheostomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was carried out to determine the efficacy of an extended course (5 days) of intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in reducing the rate of atelectasis and pulmonary infections postoperatively. Other possible risk factors that might predispose to pulmonary complications were also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center for head and neck surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients younger than 80 years with planned surgery for carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx, or larynx were enrolled. Patients with diabetes, those who had received antibiotics within 1 week before surgery, and those with preexisting pulmonary disease were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned no antibiotics or a 5-day course of intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The development of pulmonary complications (pulmonary infection or atelectasis).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-six patients were enrolled; 73 patients met the criteria for analysis. Thirty-four (47%) developed pulmonary complications; 29 (40%) had a pulmonary infection. An extended course of antibiotics did not reduce the rate of pulmonary infections (P =.57). Positive risk factors for a pulmonary infection were presence of preoperative obstructive lung function and postoperative atelectasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An extended course of antibiotics did not prevent the development of postoperative pulmonary infections in patients undergoing major head and neck surgery with tracheostomy. Poor pulmonary function and postoperative atelectasis emerged as significant risk factors for pulmonary infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Green Lane Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Soo-Kim
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ong
authors.forename: Randall P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kolbe
authors.forename: Ralph M L
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Whitlock
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: McIvor
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D019818:Clavulanic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014139:Tracheostomy
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D019818:Clavulanic Acid; D000658:Amoxicillin