title: Inhibitory effect of IL-6-induced neuroendocrine cells on prostate cancer cell proliferation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of increased neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer (PCA) is not well understood. Long-term exposure of the prostate cancer cell line LNCaP to high concentrations of the cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) results in permanent transdifferentiation of these cells into a NE phenotype. In this study, we evaluated the effect of IL-6-induced NE cells on the growth of the PCA cell lines LNCaP, PC-3, and DU-145 in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Co-culture of NE cells with PCA cells significantly inhibited DNA synthesis in all three PCA cell lines by 30-90% compared to controls. NE cell co-culture resulted in an increased percentage of PCA cells arrested in the S-phase of cell cycle and PCA cell apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results imply that NE cells suppress the proliferation of surrounding PCA cells by release of inhibitory factors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Qingcai
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Horiatis
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinski
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000166:cytology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms; D016196:S Phase / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6