title: Portless endoscopic adrenalectomy via a single minimal incision using a retroperitoneal approach: experience with initial 30 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility of portless endoscopic adrenalectomy via a single minimum incision that narrowly permits extraction of the specimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  For 30 cases of adrenal tumor, portless endoscopic surgery through a single flank incision (3-9 cm; mean, 5.6 cm) was performed without gas inflation or trocar port placement. All of the instruments used during surgery were reusable. The cases included primary aldosteronism (12), Cushing's syndrome (6), preclinical Cushing's syndrome (3), pheochromocytoma (1), non-functioning cortical adenoma (6), adrenocortical carcinoma (1) and adrenocortical hemorrhage (1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resection of the tumor was successfully completed, without complications, in all of the cases. Operative time was between 83 and 240 min (mean, 147 min). Estimated blood loss was 5-470 mL (mean, 139 mL). None of the patients required blood transfusion. Postoperative course was uneventful. Wound pain was mild and walking and full oral feeding were resumed on the first and second postoperative day, respectively, in the majority of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adrenal tumors are good candidates for portless endoscopic surgery, which is safe, cost-effective, minimally invasive and matches favorably with laparoscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Reproductive Medicine, Graduate School Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8519 Tokyo, Japan. kageyys.uro@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Nobuhiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hyochi
mesh_terms: D000307:Adrenal Gland Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D000315:Adrenalectomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D004724:Endoscopy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D016896:Treatment Outcome