title: Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a tissue-specific target for adenoviral transduction of prostate cancer in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenovirus binds to the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) as a first step in the process of cellular infection. This dependence on CAR potentially limits the use of adenovirus in gene therapy, since CAR is expressed in many tissues of the body, and expression of CAR may be low or lost upon progression of certain tumors. These limitations may be overcome by transductional targeting of adenovirus towards other cell surface molecules. We have evaluated the pantumoral epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as possible targets for adenoviral transduction of prostate cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bispecific antibodies, constructed as conjugates between an anti-adenovirus fiber knob Fab' fragment and anti-EpCAM or anti-PSMA monoclonal antibodies, were incubated with an eGFP-expressing adenovirus to retarget this vector. A cell panel, that includes two prostate cancer cell lines and four non-prostate control lines, were infected with serial dilutions of the retargeted vector and specificity of infection was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Receptor-specific transduction was obtained for both EpCAM and PSMA. PSMA-retargeting was shown to be selective for the prostate cancer cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PSMA serves as a tissue-specific target for adenoviral vectors and may be applicable for gene therapeutical treatment of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. r.kraaij@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kraaij
authors.forename: A L C T
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: van Rijswijk
authors.forename: M H A
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Oomen
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Haisma
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bangma
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II