Long-term denervation in humans causes degeneration of both contractile and excitation-contraction coupling apparatus, which is reversible by functional electrical stimulation (FES): a role for myofiber regeneration?
Kern
Helmut
H
From Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrostimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria.
Boncompagni
Simona
S
Rossini
Katia
K
Mayr
Winfried
W
Fanò
Giorgio
G
Zanin
Maria Elena
ME
Podhorska-Okolow
Marzena
M
Protasi
Feliciano
F
Carraro
Ugo
U
D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D048429:Cell Size / Q000502:physiology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009121:Muscle Denervation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D012508:Sarcolemma / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology