Wireless virtual instrument measurement of surgeons' physical and mental workloads for robotic versus manual minimally invasive surgery.
Smith
Warren D
WD
Biomedical Engineering, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, CA 95819-6019, USA.
Berguer
Ramon
R
Rosser
James C
JC
D006804:Ergonomics; D013502:General Surgery; D006801:Humans; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload