Motion segment stiffness measured without physiological levels of axial compressive preload underestimates the in vivo values in all six degrees of freedom.
Gardner-Morse
Mark G
MG
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Stafford Hall, Burlington, Vermont 05405-0084, USA.
Stokes
Ian A
IA
Churchill
David
D
Badger
Gary
G
D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000502:physiology; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D016014:Linear Models; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology*; D018583:Pliability; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D014102:Torsion Abnormality; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*