Red yeast rice extracts suppress adipogenesis by down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors and gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells.
The effects of red yeast rice extracts (RE) on adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells were studied. RE were extracted from embryonic rice fermented with red yeast (Monascus ruber). These extracts significantly decreased glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity and lipid accumulation, a marker of adipogenesis, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, mRNA expression levels of both CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, the key adipogenic transcription factors, were markedly decreased by RE. RE also inhibited the expression of PPARgamma at protein levels. RE decreased significantly gene expression of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2) and leptin, which are adipogenic marker proteins and C/EBPalpha and PPARgamma target genes. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of RE on adipocyte differentiation might be mediated through the down-regulated expression of adipogenic transcription factors and other specific genes.
Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, South Korea.
Taeil
T
Jeon
Seong Gu
SG
Hwang
Shizuka
S
Hirai
Tohru
T
Matsui
Hideo
H
Yano
Teruo
T
Kawada
Beoung Ou
BO
Lim
Dong Ki
DK
Park
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D001688:Biological Products; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; C497250:Ddit3 protein, mouse; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014157:Transcription Factors; C117343:red yeast rice; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase