Endotoxin-induced lung injury in mice: structural, functional, and biochemical responses.
Acute lung injury is usually a complication of sepsis, and endotoxin treatment of mice is a frequently used experimental model. To define this model and to clarify pathogenesis of the lung injury, we injected with 1 mg/kg endotoxin ip and measured pulmonary function, pulmonary edema, serum concentrations of cytokines and growth factors, and lung histology over 48 h. During the first 6 h, tidal volume and minute volume increased and respiratory frequency decreased. Serum concentrations of cytokines showed three patterns: 10 cytokines peaked at 2 h and declined rapidly, two peaked at 6 h and declined, and two had biphasic peaks at 2 and 24 h. Growth factors increased later and remained elevated longer. Both collagen and fibronectin were deposited in the lungs beginning within hours of endotoxin and resolving over 48 h. Histologically, lungs showed increased cellularity at 6 h with minimal persistent inflammation at 48 h. Lung water peaked at 6 h and gradually decreased over 48 h. We conclude that intraperitoneal administration of endotoxin to mice causes a transient systemic inflammatory response and transient lung injury and dysfunction. The response is characterized by successive waves of cytokine release into the circulation, early evidence of lung fibrogenesis, and prolonged increases in growth factors that may participate in lung repair.
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Center for Translational Research of the Lung, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. mrojas@emory.edu
Mauricio
M
Rojas
Charles R
CR
Woods
Ana L
AL
Mora
Jianguo
J
Xu
Kenneth L
KL
Brigham
D000818:Animals; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000097:blood; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D006133:Growth Substances; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides