Detection and in vitro and in vivo characterization of porcine circovirus DNA from a porcine-derived commercial pepsin product.
Non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and pathogenic PCV2 are widespread in swine herds. In this study, the detection and characterization of PCV1 and PCV2 DNA from porcine-derived commercial pepsin are reported. The complete genomic sequences of the pepsin-derived PCV1 and PCV2 share 76 % nucleotide sequence identity with each other and 95-99 % identity with respective North American PCV1 and PCV2 isolates. However, the PCV-contaminated pepsin lacks infectivity in PK-15 cells. To further assess the infectivity of the contaminating pepsin in vivo, 16 5-week-old, specific-pathogen-free pigs were divided randomly into three groups: pigs in group 1 (n=5) were each inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with 4 ml PBS buffer as negative controls, those in group 2 (n=6) were each inoculated with 400 mg contaminated pepsin dissolved in 4 ml PBS and those in group 3 (n=5) were each inoculated with 4 x 10(4.3) TCID(50) PCV2 as positive controls. PCV2 viraemia, seroconversion and pathological lesions were detected in group 3 pigs, but not in group 1 or 2 pigs, confirming that the contaminating PCVs were non-infectious. Nevertheless, the detection of PCV DNA in a porcine-derived commercial product raises concern for potential human infection through xenotransplantation.
Fenaux
M
M
Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA.
Opriessnig
T
T
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Halbur
P G
PG
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Xu
Y
Y
Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Potts
B
B
Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Meng
X-J
XJ
Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA.
D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002460:Cell Line; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology*; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004340:Drug Contamination; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D014766:Viremia / Q000175:diagnosis; D038301:Virus Inactivation
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D010434:Pepsin A