Association of obesity with inflammation in chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.
OBJECTIVE
As adipose tissue releases inflammatory cytokines, obesity is associated with elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the general population. We examined the cross-sectional association of body mass index (BMI) with CRP in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).


METHODS
Cross-sectional study.


METHODS
Ninety-four CKD patients with varying levels of renal function seen at the University of Utah outpatient renal clinic were studied.


METHODS
Data on demographics (age, gender, race), comorbidity (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, myocardial infarction/angina, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, and smoking) and anthropometry (height and weight) were obtained by patient interview and chart reviews. High-sensitivity CRP was measured by the N-latex assay on a BN II nephelometer.


METHODS
Risk factors of high CRP.


RESULTS
In a multivariable logistic regression model, when compared with patients with a BMI < 25, the odds of CRP > 3.0 mg/L were 2.5-fold (95% CI, 1.02 to 5.99) higher in patients with BMI > or = 30. In a stepwise multiple linear regression model, BMI (regression coefficient [beta] = 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.1; P < .01), serum creatinine (beta = 0.16; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.3; P = .01) and age (beta = 0.01; 95% CI, -0.001 to 0.03; P = .05) were significantly associated with log transformed CRP.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that as in the general population, in CKD patients, obesity, a traditional risk factor for atherosclerosis, is associated with inflammation, a novel risk factor for atherosclerosis.
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Nirupama
N
Ramkumar
Alfred K
AK
Cheung
Lisa M
LM
Pappas
William L
WL
Roberts
Srinivasan
S
Beddhu
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
D012709:Serum Albumin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003404:Creatinine