Paediatric cardiac surgical mortality in England after Bristol: descriptive analysis of hospital episode statistics 1991-2002.
OBJECTIVE
To describe trends in mortality of open cardiac surgery in children in Bristol and England since 1991.


METHODS
Retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics data.


METHODS
All open cardiac surgery of children in England.


METHODS
Patients younger than 16 undergoing open cardiac surgical procedures in England between April 1991 and March 2002. Three time periods were defined: epoch 3 (April 1991 to March 1995), epoch 5 (April 1996 to March 1999), epoch 6 (April 1999 to March 2002).


METHODS
Mortality in hospital within 30 days of a cardiac procedure.


RESULTS
We identified 5221 open operations between April 1996 and March 2002 in children under 1 year and 6385 in children aged 1-15 years. Mortality for all centres combined fell from 12% in epoch 3 to 4% in epoch 6. Mortality in children under 1 year at Bristol fell from 29% (95% confidence interval 21% to 37%) in epoch 3 to 3% (1% to 6%) in epoch 6, below the national average. The reduction in mortality did not seem to be due to fewer high risk procedures or an increase in the numbers of low risk cases. Oxford had a significantly higher mortality than the national average in all three epochs (11% (5% to 18%) in epoch 6), which was not affected by adjusting for procedure or the inclusion of cases with missing outcomes.


CONCLUSIONS
At Bristol, mortality for open operations in children aged under 1 year has fallen markedly, to below the national average. Nationwide mortality has also fallen. Improved quality of care may account for the drop in mortality, through new technologies or improved perioperative and postoperative care, or both.
Aylin
Paul
P
Dr Foster Unit at Imperial College London, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College School of Medicine, London W2 1PG. p.aylin@imperial.ac.uk
Bottle
Alex
A
Jarman
Brian
B
Elliott
Paul
P
D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D017052:Hospital Mortality / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012044:Regression Analysis