Distribution characteristics of rare earth elements in children's scalp hair from a rare earths mining area in southern China.
In order to demonstrate the validity of using scalp hair rare earth elements (REEs) content as a biomarker of human REEs exposure, data were collected on REEs exposure levels from children aged 11-15 years old and living in an ion-adsorptive type light REEs (LREEs) mining and surrounding areas in southern China. Sixty scalp hair samples were analyzed by ICP-MS for 16 REEs (La Lu, Y and Sc). Sixteen REEs contents in the samples from the mining area (e.g., range: La: 0.14-6.93 microg/g; Nd: 0.09-5.27 microg/g; Gd: 12.2-645.6ng/g; Lu: 0.2-13.3 ng/g; Y: 0.03-1.27 microg/g; Sc: 0.05-0.30 microg/g) were significantly higher than those from the reference area (range: La: 0.04-0.40 microg/g; Nd: 0.04-0.32 microg/g; Gd: 8.3-64.6 ng/g; Lu: 0.4-3.3ng/g; Y: 0.03-0.29 microg/g; Sc: 0.11-0.36 microg/g) and even much higher than those published in the literature. The distribution pattern of REEs in scalp hair from the mining area was very similar to that of REEs in the mine and the atmosphere shrouding that area. In conclusion, the scalp hair REEs contents may indicate not only quantitatively but also qualitatively (distribution pattern) the absorption of REEs from environmental exposure into human body. The children living in this mining area should be regarded as a high-risk group with REEs (especially LREEs) exposure, and their health status should be examined from a REEs health risk assessment perspective.
Tong
Shi-Lu
SL
School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China.
Zhu
Wang-Zhao
WZ
Gao
Zhao-Hua
ZH
Meng
Yu-Xiu
YX
Peng
Rui-Ling
RL
Lu
Guo-Cheng
GC
D000042:Absorption; D000293:Adolescent; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002681:China; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008906:Mining; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012535:Scalp
D000393:Air Pollutants; D015415:Biomarkers; D008674:Metals, Rare Earth