Identification of a new presenilin-dependent zeta-cleavage site within the transmembrane domain of amyloid precursor protein.
Gamma-secretase cleavage of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) is crucial in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease, because it is the decisive step in the formation of the C terminus of beta-amyloid protein (Abeta). To better understand the molecular events involved in gamma-secretase cleavage of APP, in this study we report the identification of a new intracellular long Abeta species containing residues 1-46 (Abeta46), which led to the identification of a novel zeta-cleavage site between the known gamma- and epsilon-cleavage sites within the transmembrane domain of APP. Our data clearly demonstrate that the new zeta-cleavage is a presenilin-dependent event. It is also noted that the new zeta-cleavage site at Abeta46 is the APP717 mutation site. Furthermore, we show that the new zeta-cleavage is inhibited by gamma-secretase inhibitors known as transition state analogs but less affected by inhibitors known as non-transition state gamma-secretase inhibitors. Thus, the identification of Abeta46 establishes a system to determine the specificity or the preference of the known gamma-secretase inhibitors by examining their effects on the formation or turnover of Abeta46.
Zhao
Guojun
G
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
Mao
Guozhang
G
Tan
Jianxin
J
Dong
Yunzhou
Y
Cui
Mei-Zhen
MZ
Kim
Seong-Hun
SH
Xu
Xuemin
X
D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000737:chemistry*; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; D001665:Binding Sites; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000494:pharmacology; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D009154:Mutation; D053764:Presenilin-1; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C508853:PSEN1 protein, human; D053764:Presenilin-1; D053829:Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; D010450:Endopeptidases; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C509280:BACE1 protein, human