Phylogeny of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup N in India, based on complete sequencing: implications for the peopling of South Asia.
To resolve the phylogeny of the autochthonous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups of India and determine the relationship between the Indian and western Eurasian mtDNA pools more precisely, a diverse subset of 75 macrohaplogroup N lineages was chosen for complete sequencing from a collection of >800 control-region sequences sampled across India. We identified five new autochthonous haplogroups (R7, R8, R30, R31, and N5) and fully characterized the autochthonous haplogroups (R5, R6, N1d, U2a, U2b, and U2c) that were previously described only by first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) sequencing and coding-region restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Our findings demonstrate that the Indian mtDNA pool, even when restricted to macrohaplogroup N, harbors at least as many deepest-branching lineages as the western Eurasian mtDNA pool. Moreover, the distribution of the earliest branches within haplogroups M, N, and R across Eurasia and Oceania provides additional evidence for a three-founder-mtDNA scenario and a single migration route out of Africa.
Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bioresources, Yunnan University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
Malliya Gounder
MG
Palanichamy
Chang
C
Sun
Suraksha
S
Agrawal
Hans-Jürgen
HJ
Bandelt
Qing-Peng
QP
Kong
Faisal
F
Khan
Cheng-Ye
CY
Wang
Tapas Kumar
TK
Chaudhuri
Venkatramana
V
Palla
Ya-Ping
YP
Zhang
D001483:Base Sequence; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005843:Geography; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial