Physiological roles of urocortins, human homologues of fish urotensin I, and their receptors.
Urocortin 1, a human homologue of fish urotensin I, together with its related-compounds (urocortins 2 and 3), comprises a distinct family of stress peptides. Urocortin 1 has a high affinity for both corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type 1 receptor (CRF1) and CRF type 2 receptor (CRF2), and urocortins 2 and 3 have a high affinity for CRF2, while CRF has a low affinity for CRF2 and a high affinity for CRF1. These differences of the binding affinity with receptors make the biological actions of these peptides. Besides the binding affinity with receptors, the limited overlap of the distribution of CRF and urocortins may also contribute to the differences of physiological roles of each peptide. Urocortins show 'stress-coping' responses such as anxiolysis and dearousal in the brain. In the periphery, recent studies show the potent effects of urocortins on the cardiovascular and immune systems. In this review article, we take a look over the series of peptides included in this family, especially in terms of the versatility of biological actions, along with the various characters of the receptors.
Suda
Toshihiro
T
The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8562, Japan. sudat@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
Kageyama
Kazunori
K
Sakihara
Satoru
S
Nigawara
Takeshi
T
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D005399:Fishes; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000502:physiology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012756:Sheep; D054832:Urocortins; D014579:Urotensins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D054832:Urocortins; D014579:Urotensins; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; C029676:urotensin I