IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha expression in rat periapical lesions and dental pulp after unilateral sympathectomy.
OBJECTIVE
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by bone resorption, and sympathetic nerves are known to modulate bone resorption and bone remodeling. Higher numbers of osteoclasts and larger periapical lesions have been observed after sympathectomy in rats, but the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effect of sympathetic nerves on osteoclasts are unknown. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that sympathetic nerves inhibit the production of the bone-resorbing pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha in rat periapical lesions.


METHODS
Rats were unilaterally sympathectomized and apical lesions were induced by exposing the dental pulp of molar teeth to the oral microflora. We quantified the cytokines IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunohistochemical analysis was done for qualitative localization. Pulp from intact incisor teeth was tested as a control.


RESULTS
We showed that IL-1 alpha was increased, but not TNF-alpha, in the periapical lesions on the sympathectomized side. Both IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha were expressed in unexposed pulp. TNF-alpha was significantly decreased in the denervated incisor pulp, whereas the level of IL-1 alpha remained unchanged.


CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that sympathetic nerves have an inhibitory effect on IL-1 alpha in periapical lesions and a stimulatory effect on TNF-alpha in the intact rat pulp.
Bletsa
Athanasia
A
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Nancy.Bletsa@fys.uib.no
Heyeraas
Karin Johanne
KJ
Haug
Sivakami Rethnam
SR
Berggreen
Ellen
E
D000818:Animals; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003714:Denervation; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000276:immunology* / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000276:immunology; D015213:Neuroimmunomodulation / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000276:immunology; D010485:Periapical Periodontitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017779:Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic / Q000293:injuries / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D009479:Neuropeptides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha