Long-term negative impact on quality of life in patients with successfully treated Cushing's disease.
OBJECTIVE
A cohort of pituitary tumour patients, who had undergone definitive treatment within a 15-year period at a single neuroscience centre, were investigated as to whether there were differences in psychological well-being and psychosocial functioning, dependent on endocrine pathology and treatment variables.


METHODS
A detailed assessment of 114 patients with benign pituitary tumours in relation to primary diagnosis and mode of treatment was carried out. Psychological rating scales used were: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale--UK version (HADS-UK), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale--abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF), General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT) and the Social Adjustment Scale--modified (SAS1 and SAS2; the former completed by the patient and the latter by another person who knows the patient well). All Cushing's patients were biochemically cured as defined by a normal 24-h urine free cortisol excretion within the previous 6 months.


RESULTS
Patients with treated Cushing's disease had significantly impaired psychological well-being and psychosocial functioning across all tested domains compared with all other pituitary tumours, where scores were similar. When participants with Cushing's disease were excluded, patients who had undergone transfrontal surgery scored significantly higher on GHQ and HADS ratings than transsphenoidally treated patients.


CONCLUSIONS
Cushing's disease even when biochemically stable has long-term adverse effects on mood and social functioning. We hypothesize that this may be related to irreversible changes in central neural function. Further studies are necessary to define the precise pathways involved.
Heald
Adrian H
AH
Department of Endocrinology, University of Manchester, Salford NHS Trust, Manchester, UK. aheald@fs1.ho.man.ac.uk
Ghosh
Sandip
S
Bray
Stephanie
S
Gibson
Christine
C
Anderson
Simon G
SG
Buckler
Helen
H
Fowler
Helen L
HL
D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012919:Social Behavior; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors