Viscoelastic properties of three vocal-fold injectable biomaterials at low audio frequencies.
OBJECTIVE
Previous measurements of viscoelastic properties of Zyderm were to be extended to low audio frequencies, and properties of two other biomaterials not previously measured, thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-DTPH) and Cymetra, were obtained.


METHODS
Rheologic investigation.


METHODS
Oscillatory shear stress was applied to each sample using a controlled stress rheometer at frequencies between 0.01 and 100 Hz with a parallel plate apparatus. Versuscoelastic moduli were recorded at each frequency. The calculated resonance frequency of the machine and sample were then used to determine the maximum frequency at which reliable data existed. Extrapolation functions were fit to viscoelastic parameters, which predicted the properties up to 1,000 Hz.


RESULTS
Frequency trends of Zyderm were similar to those previously reported, whereas magnitudes were different. The elastic moduli logarithmically increased with frequency, whereas dynamic viscosity demonstrated shear thinning, a condition of primary importance for humans to vocalize over a broad frequency range. Previous measurements were extended from 15 Hz up to 74 Hz. Differences in magnitude between a previous study and the present study were attributed to particulate orientation during testing. Cymetra was found to have nearly identical viscoelastic properties to those of bovine collagen, both in magnitude and frequency trend, with reliable measures extending up to 81 Hz. Rheologic properties of the hyaluronic acid gel were the closest match to cadaveric vocal fold mucosa in magnitude and frequency trend.


CONCLUSIONS
Viscoelastic properties of Cymetra and Zyderm are nearly the same and are significantly greater than those of vocal fold mucosa. HA-DTPH possesses a good viscoelastic match to vocal fold mucosa and may be useful in future lamina propria repair.
Klemuk
Sarah A
SA
Department of Speech Pathology and Audiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. sarah-klemuk@uiowa.edu
Titze
Ingo R
IR
D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007267:Injections; D007818:Laryngeal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016014:Linear Models; D008422:Materials Testing; D012212:Rheology; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D014783:Viscosity; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000601:surgery*
C471832:Cymetra; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D003094:Collagen