Phenotypic and genotypic aminoglycoside resistance in blood culture isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci from a single neonatal intensive care unit, 1989-2000.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance and genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AME) in blood culture isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from neonates.


METHODS
A total of 180 isolates from 148 patients collected in a single neonatal unit over a 12 year period were examined for susceptibility to gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, amikacin and arbekacin by Etest and/or disc diffusion. AME genes were detected by PCR.


RESULTS
The overall non-susceptibility rates to gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, amikacin and arbekacin were 66%, 68%, 52%, 38% and 1%, respectively. Gentamicin non-susceptibility rates were 4% and 91% in methicillin-susceptible and -resistant isolates, respectively. aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa and/or ant(4')-Ia were encountered in 125 (69%), 1 (0.5%) and 30 (16.6%) isolates, respectively. Forty-six (26%) isolates negative for AME genes were susceptible to all aminoglycosides. In contrast, 115 (92%), 91 (73%) and 66 (53%) of aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia positive isolates were non-susceptible to gentamicin, netilmicin and amikacin, respectively. Only one isolate showed arbekacin resistance. However, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia positive isolates and isolates with gentamicin MIC > or =128 mg/L displayed a significant reduction in arbekacin inhibition zones.


CONCLUSIONS
A high prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance was detected and associated with methicillin resistance. Discrepancies between phenotypic and genetic detection of aminoglycoside resistance were discerned. Gentamicin was the preferred substrate for phenotypic detection of aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia. Arbekacin showed favourable antibacterial activity even in aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia-positive isolates. We suggest including arbekacin in future clinical trials of empirical treatment of late onset neonatal sepsis.
Klingenberg
Claus
C
Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of North-Norway, N-9038 Tromsø. claus.klingenberg@unn.no
Sundsfjord
Arnfinn
A
Rønnestad
Arild
A
Mikalsen
Jarle
J
Gaustad
Peter
P
Flaegstad
Trond
T
D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology*; D003030:Coagulase / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010641:Phenotype; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors
D000617:Aminoglycosides; D003030:Coagulase