Randomized, double-blind comparison of subhypnotic-dose propofol alone and combined with dexamethasone for emesis in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery.
BACKGROUND
Nausea, retching, and vomiting are common in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery performed under regional anesthesia. Subhypnotic-dose propofol 1.0 mg/kg per hour has been used to reduce the incidence of these emetic symptoms. Dexamethasone has been shown to reduce chemotherapy-induced emesis when added to an antiemetic regimen.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine the difference in efficacy and tolerability between subhypnoticdose propofol 1.0 mg/kg per hour alone and combined with dexamethasone 8 mg for reducing postdelivery emetic episodes in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery.


METHODS
In a randomized, double-blind trial, parturients received IV placebo (saline) or dexamethasone 8 mg followed by a continuous infusion of propofol at subhypnotic dose (1.0 mg/kg per hour) immediately after clamping of the umbilical cord. Intraoperative, postdelivery emetic episodes and safety assessments were performed by an investigator.


RESULTS
One hundred twenty parturients (mean [SD] age, 29 [5] years; age range, 21-38 years; mean [SD] height, 158 [7] cm; height range, 145-172 cm; mean [SD] body weight, 72 [8] kg; weight range, 54-90 kg) were enrolled in the study, 60 in each treatment group. The treatment groups were comparable with respect to maternal demographics and operative management. The rate of emetic symptoms (nausea, retching, and vomiting) in an intraoperative, postdelivery period was lower in patients who received the combination regimen than in those who received subhypnotic-dose propofol 1.0 mg/kg per hour alone (5% [3/60] vs 20% [12/60], respectively; P = 0.012). No clinically important adverse events attributable to the study drug were observed in either group.


CONCLUSIONS
In the parturients undergoing cesarean delivery performed under spinal anesthesia in this study, the combination of subhypnotic-dose propofol 1.0 mg/kg per hour and dexamethasone 8 mg was more effective than propofol alone for reducing the incidence of postdelivery emetic symptoms.
Fujii
Yoshitaka
Y
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Tsukuba Institute of Clinical Medicine, Japan. yfujii@md.tsukuba.ac.jp
Numazaki
Mitsuko
M
D000328:Adult; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000932:Antiemetics; D003907:Dexamethasone; D015742:Propofol