Mood disorders in opioid-dependent patients.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the rate of current mood disorders in opioid-dependent outpatients.


METHODS
Prevalence study of DSM-IV mood disorders.


METHODS
Private and government clinics.


METHODS
Five hundred unpaid opioid-dependent patients who had voluntarily sought treatment.


METHODS
The Research version of structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I).


RESULTS
The mean age of the subjects (487 men and 13 women) was 33.4 years, ranging from 16 to 67. The majority (68.2%) had private sector job and 13.4% were unemployed. The majority (59.8%) had education at the level of primary, guidance or high school and only 3.8% were illiterate. Three hundred and thirty six (67.2%) subjects were diagnosed as having mood disorders. Of the subjects 274 (54.8%) had substance induced depression, 37 (7.4%) major depression, 14 (2.8%) dysthymia, five (1%) depression due to general medical condition, three (0.6%) cylothymia, three (0.6%) bipolar mood disorder type I. None was diagnosed as having bipolar mood disorder type II. Of the participants 319 (63.8%) reported more than 5 years use of opioid. Of the subjects only 16 (3.2%) reported no episode of abstinence and the majority 484 (96.8%) reported one or more episodes of abstinences. About 4.2% (21) reported less than 1 g/day and the majority 86.4% (432) reported between 1 and 5 g/day current use of opioid.


CONCLUSIONS
Due to high rates of mood disorders in opioid-dependent subjects, psychiatric services should be open and accessible to the patients, especially those who voluntarily seek help and treatment.
Ahmadi
Jamshid
J
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71345-1416, Shiraz, Iran. jamshid_ahmadi@yahoo.com <jamshid_ahmadi@yahoo.com>
Majdi
Behzad
B
Mahdavi
Shiva
S
Mohagheghzadeh
Mohammadsadegh
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D010045:Outpatients; D015995:Prevalence; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data