Rhinoorbital mucormycosis secondary to Rhizopus oryzae: a case report and literature review.
Mucormycosis is a form of fulminant invasive fungal infection of the sinonasal tract that often extends to the orbit, brain, palate, and skin. It is caused by members of the order Mucorales, and it is considered to be the most fatal fungal infection known to man because it is rapidly disseminated by the blood vessels. It is most commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, hematologic malignancies, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and immunosuppressive therapy. This rare opportunistic infection exists in many forms, the most common of which is rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Treatment includes aggressive surgical debridement of the necrotic tissue combined with systemic antifungal therapy. In this case report, we describe the successful management of rhinoorbital mucormycosis, a subtype of the rhinocerebral variety, secondary to Rhizopus oryzae that developed in a patient with lymphoma. We review the diagnostic work-up and discuss the literature with respect to the presentation, pathophysiology, management, and outcome of the disease.
Hilal
Ali A
AA
ENT Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corp, Doha, State of Qatar. alihilal@hotmail.com
Taj-Aldeen
Saad J
SJ
Mirghani
Abdulla H
AH
D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003646:Debridement / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009091:Mucormycosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000935:Antifungal Agents