Integrated odour modelling for sewage treatment works.
Odours from sewage treatment works are a significant source of environmental annoyance. There is a need for tools to assess the degree of annoyance caused, and to assess strategies for mitigation of the problem. This is the role of odour modelling. Four main stages are important in the development of an odour problem. Firstly, the odorous molecules must be formed in the liquid phase. They must then transfer from the liquid to the gaseous phase. They are then transported through the atmosphere to the population surrounding the odour source, and are then perceived and assessed by that population. Odour modelling as currently practised tends to concentrate on the transportation of odorants through the atmosphere, with the other areas receiving less attention. Instead, odour modelling should consider each stage in an integrated manner. This paper describes the development of integrated odour models for annoyance prediction. The models describe the liquid-phase transformations and emission of hydrogen sulphide from sewage treatment processes. Model output is in a form suitable for integration with dispersion models, the predictions of which can in turn be used to indicate the probability of annoyance. The models have been applied to both hypothetical and real sewage treatment works cases. Simulation results have highlighted the potential variability of emission rates from sewage treatment works, resulting from flow, quality and meteorological variations. Emission rate variations can have significant effects on annoyance predictions, which is an important finding, as they are usually considered to be fixed and only meteorological variations are considered in predicting the odour footprint. Areas for further development of integrated odour modelling are discussed, in particular the search for improved links between analytical and sensory measurements, and a better understanding of dose/response relationships for odour annoyance.
School of Water Sciences, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK. P.Gostelow@cranfield.ac.uk
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Lovell
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000032:analysis; D008685:Meteorological Concepts; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
D000393:Air Pollutants; D012722:Sewage; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide