[Drug administration to paediatric inpatient].
OBJECTIVE
Available commercial drugs in France are often unsuitable for children. The aim of this study was, for every medicinal form orally or parenterally administered, to identify and to quantify difficulties met by the nurses administering drugs to paediatric inpatients and to propose solutions to main identified problems.


METHODS
The study was realized in 14 hospitals by direct observation. The observer, provided with a questionnaire, followed during a time slot of at least 2 h for one or several nurses and raised all the oral or injectable administrations.


RESULTS
One thousand and nine hundred forty-six observations were performed. The children were 12.6 +/- 17 months old, and weighed 8.5 +/- 9.4 kg. Injectable drugs: half of the observations showed a posology and a mode of dilution not corresponding to the summary of product characteristics. Eight percent of orally administered drugs were injectable drugs. In 35.5% of cases, administered amount was lower than the quarter of the present quantity in the therapeutic unity. The rest of the therapeutic unity was thrown (77.2% of cases). Liquid oral forms: liquid oral forms were ready for use regarding 83.8% of cases. The medicine was readministered to the same patient (23.5%), and/or administered to other patients (80.0%). Capsules: 66.9% of the administered capsules were prepared by the hospital pharmacies. The pharmacies organized with an unit dose drug dispensing system produced significantly more preparations than those working by global distribution (P < 0.0001). In 58.4% of cases, the administered capsule was an off-label drug. Tablets: 46% of drug administration concerned a tablet without pediatric indication. 46.7% of tablets were cut, 74% were crushed. Bags: in 35.2% of observations, the bag was not administered in its entirety.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirms the unsuitability of drugs to paediatric inpatients, the necessity of recommendations of good practices in the administration of drugs to paediatric inpatients, and proposes corrective actions.
Pharmacie et laboratoire de toxicopharmacologie, hôpital Robert-Debré, Assistance-publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France. jean-eudes.fontan@jvr.ap-hop-paris.fr <jean-eudes.fontan@jvr.ap-hop-paris.fr>
J E
JE
Fontan
F
F
Mille
F
F
Brion
F
F
Aubin
F
F
Ballereau
G
G
Benoît
M L
ML
Brunet
D
D
Braguier
D
D
Combeau
P
P
Dugast
A C
AC
Gérout
I
I
May
P
P
Meunier
C
C
Naveau-Ploux
V
V
Proust
F
F
Samdjee
J
J
Schlatter
A
A
Thébault
M
M
Vié
D002648:Child; D002673:Child, Hospitalized; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans