Persistent neuropsychological problems after 7 years of abstinence from recreational Ecstasy (MDMA): a case study.
This case study concerns a 26-yr.-old male who had consumed large amounts of Ecstasy seven years previously. He stated that his increasingly intensive use of ecstasy over a 4-yr. period had led to the emergence of multiple psychiatric and psychological problems. Given these problems, he stopped using Ecstasy, but the problems had not resolved despite seven years of abstinence. The neurocognitive profile was very similar to that shown by current heavy Ecstasy users, with deficits in immediate and delayed verbal recall, moderately impaired memory function, but normal expressive language ability and perceptual functioning. Extremely high pathology was evident, including depression and phobic anxiety. Severe problems with sleep and sex were also reported. Further studies involving larger groups of abstinent former users are needed; adverse sequelae associated with intensive Ecstasy use may sometimes be enduring.
Department of Psychology, School of Psychology, University of East London, UK. k.soar@uel.ac.uk
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Soar
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Parrott
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Fox
D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity*; D000328:Adult; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D011605:Psychoses, Substance-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*
D018759:Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine