Alpha-synuclein: stable compact and extended monomeric structures and pH dependence of dimer formation.
The protein alpha-synuclein, implicated in Parkinson's disease, was studied by combining nano-electrospray ionization (N-ESI) mass spectrometry and ion mobility. It was found that both the charge-state distribution in the mass spectra and the average protein shape deduced from ion mobility data, depend on the pH of the spray solution. Negative-ion N-ESI of pH 7 solutions yielded a broad charge-state distribution from -6 to -16, centered at -11, and ion mobility data consistent with extended protein structures. Data obtained for pH 2.5 solutions, on the other hand, showed a narrow charge-state distribution from -6 to -11, centered at -8, and ion mobilities in agreement with compact alpha-synuclein structures. The data indicated that there are two distinct families of structures: one consisting of relatively compact proteins with eight or less negative charges and one consisting of relatively extended structures with nine or more charges. The average cross section of a-synuclein at pH 2.5 is 33% smaller than for the extended protein sprayed from pH 7 solution. Significant dimer formation was observed when sprayed from pH 7 solution but no dimers were observed from the low pH solution. A plausible mechanism for aggregate formation in solution is proposed.
Bernstein
Summer L
SL
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, USA.
Liu
Dengfeng
D
Wyttenbach
Thomas
T
Bowers
Michael T
MT
Lee
Jennifer C
JC
Gray
Harry B
HB
Winkler
Jay R
JR
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019281:Dimerization; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D051843:Synucleins; D051844:alpha-Synuclein
D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C497604:SNCA protein, human; D051843:Synucleins; D051844:alpha-Synuclein