Accelerated partial breast irradiation with iridium-192 multicatheter PDR/HDR brachytherapy. Preliminary results of the German-Austrian multicenter trial.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate perioperative morbidity, toxicity, and cosmetic outcome in patients treated with interstitial brachytherapy to the tumor bed as the sole irradiation modality after breast-conserving surgery.


METHODS
From November 1, 2000 to January 31, 2004, 176 women with early-stage breast cancer became partakers in a protocol of tumor bed irradiation alone using pulsed-dose-rate (PDR) or high-dose-rate (HDR) interstitial multicatheter implants. Patients became eligible, if their tumor was an infiltrating carcinoma < or = 3 cm in diameter, the surgical margins were clear by at least 2 mm, the axilla was surgically staged node-negative, the tumor was estrogen and/or progesterone receptor-positive, well or moderately differentiated (G1/2), the tumor did not contain an extensive intraductal component (EIC) and the patient's age was > 35 years. Implants were positioned using a template guide, delivering either 49.8 Gy in 83 consecutive hours (PDR) or 32.0 Gy in two daily fractions over 4 days (HDR). Perioperative morbidity, toxicity, and cosmetic outcome were assessed. Interim findings of the first 69 patients, who were treated in this multicenter trial, after a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 15-39 months) are presented.


RESULTS
One of the 69 patients (1.4%) developed a bacterial infection of the implant. No other perioperative complications, for example bleeding or hematoma, were observed. Acute toxicity was low: 2.9% of the patients (2/69) experienced mild radiodermatitis. Late toxicity: hypersensation/mild pain 7.2% (5/69), intermittent but tolerable pain 1.4% (1/69), mild dyspigmentation 10.1% (7/69), mild fibrosis 11.6% (8/69), moderate fibrosis 1.4% (1/69), mild telangiectasia (< 1 cm(2)) 11.6% (8/69), and moderate teleangiectasia (1-4 cm(2)) 1.4% (1/69). Good to excellent cosmetic results were observed in 92.4% of the patients evaluated. All patients (n = 176) remained disease-free to the date of evaluation.


CONCLUSIONS
This analysis indicates that accelerated partial breast irradiation with iridium-192 interstitial multicatheter PDR/HDR implants is feasible with low perioperative morbidity, low acute and mild late toxicity, and does not significantly affect cosmetic results at a median follow-up of 24 months.
Ott
Oliver J
OJ
Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany. oliver.ott@strahlen.imed.uni-erlangen.de
Pötter
Richard
R
Hammer
Josef
J
Hildebrandt
Guido
G
Lotter
Michael
M
Resch
Alexandra
A
Pöhls
Uwe
U
Beckmann
Matthias W
MW
Sauer
Rolf
R
Strnad
Vratislav
V
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D002404:Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015984:Causality; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals