New issues in tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis remains a major health problem worldwide. The disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis whose preferred habitat is the host macrophage. The immune response against tuberculosis is mediated by different subsets of T cells including both conventional CD4 and CD8 T cells as well as unconventional CD1 restricted and gammadelta T cells. The CD1 restricted T cells are particularly remarkable because they recognise the glycolipids abundant in the mycobacterial cell wall. Although a vaccine, M.bovis BCG, is available which protects toddlers against miliary tuberculosis, it is ineffective in preventing pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. Therefore, a novel vaccine is urgently required. Knowledge about the functioning of different T cell populations during infection and disease provides the basis for rational vaccine design. We have constructed a recombinant BCG vaccine which, compared with wild-type BCG, induces superior protection not only against laboratory strains but also against clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis.
Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Department of Immunology, Schumannstr, 21-22, 10117 Berlin, Germany. kaufmann@mpiib-berlin.mpg.de
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Kaufmann
D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology
D001500:BCG Vaccine; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic