Serine phosphorylation proximal to its phosphotyrosine binding domain inhibits insulin receptor substrate 1 function and promotes insulin resistance.
Ser/Thr phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins negatively modulates insulin signaling. Therefore, the identification of serine sites whose phosphorylation inhibit IRS protein functions is of physiological importance. Here we mutated seven Ser sites located proximal to the phosphotyrosine binding domain of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) (S265, S302, S325, S336, S358, S407, and S408) into Ala. When overexpressed in rat hepatoma Fao or CHO cells, the mutated IRS-1 protein in which the seven Ser sites were mutated to Ala (IRS-1(7A)), unlike wild-type IRS-1 (IRS-1(WT)), maintained its Tyr-phosphorylated active conformation after prolonged insulin treatment or when the cells were challenged with inducers of insulin resistance prior to acute insulin treatment. This was due to the ability of IRS-1(7A) to remain complexed with the insulin receptor (IR), unlike IRS-1(WT), which underwent Ser phosphorylation, resulting in its dissociation from IR. Studies of truncated forms of IRS-1 revealed that the region between amino acids 365 to 430 is a main insulin-stimulated Ser phosphorylation domain. Indeed, IRS-1 mutated only at S408, which undergoes phosphorylation in vivo, partially maintained the properties of IRS-1(7A) and conferred protection against selected inducers of insulin resistance. These findings suggest that S408 and additional Ser sites among the seven mutated Ser sites are targets for IRS-1 kinases that play a key negative regulatory role in IRS-1 function and insulin action. These sites presumably serve as points of convergence, where physiological feedback control mechanisms, which are triggered by insulin-stimulated IRS kinases, overlap with IRS kinases triggered by inducers of insulin resistance to terminate insulin signaling.
Liu
Yan-Fang
YF
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Herschkovitz
Avia
A
Boura-Halfon
Sigalit
S
Ronen
Denise
D
Paz
Keren
K
Leroith
Derek
D
Zick
Yehiel
Y
D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016259:Genes, myc / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
C526292:IRS1 protein, human; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D010768:Phosphoserine; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D012694:Serine; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases