Cytokine therapies in HIV-1 infection: present and future.
Since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-related deaths have declined dramatically in the developed world. However, HAART is neither able to eradicate the virus nor are its immunomodulatory effects sufficient to effect complete control of the virus. In addition, the long-term use of HAART is complicated by drug-related toxicities and compliance issues, both of which impact upon the development of viral resistance. The failure of structured treatment interruption strategies in those with chronic HIV-infection combined with the above limitations, has prompted renewed interest in immunotherapy. Cytokines and therapeutic vaccination have been proposed as HAART-adjunctive and HAART-sparing treatments in HIV-infection, and the current and future role of cytokine therapy in this disease will be the subject of this review.
University of New South Wales, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Level 2, 376, Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia. spett@nchecr.unsw.edu.au.
Sarah L
SL
Pett
Anthony D
AD
Kelleher
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D016207:Cytokines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019409:Interleukin-15 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015851:Interleukin-7 / Q000627:therapeutic use
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D016207:Cytokines; D019409:Interleukin-15; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015851:Interleukin-7; D018664:Interleukin-12