Evaluation of body composition of large-for-gestational-age infants of women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with women with normal glucose tolerance levels.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in body composition and the factors that are associated with fat mass in the large-for-gestational-age infants of women with gestational diabetes mellitus compared with the large-for-gestational-age infants of women with normal glucose tolerance levels.


METHODS
Large for gestational age was defined as weight >90th percentile for gestational age, race, and sex on the basis of our population's normative data. Anthropometric measurements and/or total body electrical conductivity estimated body composition that included fat mass, percent body fat, and lean body mass were obtained. Multiple stepwise regression was used to determine factors correlating with fat mass.


RESULTS
Fifty cases of women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 52 cases of women with normal glucose tolerance levels were evaluated. Infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus had increased fat mass (662 vs 563 g; P = .02) and percent body fat (16.2% vs 13.5%; P = .002) but decreased lean body mass (3400 vs 3557 g; P = .0009), as compared with infants of mothers with normal glucose tolerance levels, despite similar birth weights. Stepwise regression on all 102 women showed gestational age and a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus correlated with fat mass (r2 = 0.11; P = .001). For gestational diabetes mellitus alone, both gestational age and fasting value of the oral glucose tolerance test correlated with fat mass and percent body fat (r2 = 0.33 [P = .0009] and r2 = 0.26 [P = .005], respectively).


CONCLUSIONS
Large-for-gestational-age infants of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus have increased fat mass and decreased lean body mass compared with infants of mothers with normal glucose tolerance levels. In gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational age and fasting value of the oral glucose tolerance test correlated best with fat mass.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MetroHealth Medical Center at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Celeste
C
Durnwald
Larraine
L
Huston-Presley
Saied
S
Amini
Patrick
P
Catalano
D000273:Adipose Tissue; D001724:Birth Weight; D001823:Body Composition; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin