From the tallest to (one of) the fattest: the enigmatic fate of the American population in the 20th century.
Within the course of the 20th century the American population went through a virtual metamorphosis from being the tallest in the world, to being among the most overweight. The American height advantage over Western and Northern Europeans was between 3 and 9 cm in mid-19th century, and Americans tended to be underweight. However, today, the exact opposite is the case as the Dutch, Swedes, and Norwegians are the tallest, and the Danes, British and Germans--even the East-Germans--are also taller, towering over the Americans by as much as 3-7 cm. Americans also have shorter lives. The hypothesis is worth considering that this adverse development is related to the greater social inequality, an inferior health care system, and fewer social safety nets in the United States than in Western and Northern Europe, in spite of higher per capita income. The Western and Northern European welfare states, with cradle to grave health and unemployment insurance currently seems to provide a more propitious environment for the biological standard of living than its US counterpart.
Komlos
John
J
Department of Economics, University of Munich, Ludwigstr. 33/IV, Munich 80539, Germany. jk@econhist.de
Baur
Marieluise
M
D000886:Anthropometry; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology