RETRACTED: Comparative efficacy of hormone replacement therapy, etidronate, calcitonin, alfacalcidol, and vitamin K in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: The Yamaguchi Osteoporosis Prevention Study.
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor in Chief because of the stated concerns listed below. This article was accepted for publication by a previous editor and editorial board, at a time when submissions and documentation were in paper form, prior to the transition of The American Journal of Medicine to a digital submission and review process. These records are no longer extant and consequently we are unable to review the comments of the reviewers and editors involved at that time. We have attempted to contact the authors regarding these concerns and received no response. We are therefore retracting this article since the evidence presented below strongly argues for scientific misconduct.

The integrity of these publications is severely compromised by wide-ranging and serious concerns about governance, ethics, authorship, implausible study conduct, implausible workload, discrepant participant numbers and treatment groups, impossible data, implausible data, implausible outcome data, and discrepant methodology.
Ishida
Yoichiro
Y
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube-City, Japan. myishida@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
Kawai
Shinya
S
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007564:Japan; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols; D014812:Vitamin K; D002116:Calcitonin; D012968:Etidronic Acid; C008088:alfacalcidol