Ulysses directives in The Netherlands: opinions of psychiatrists and clients.
In this article we present a study on the opinions of Dutch psychiatrists and clients on Ulysses directives. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 clients and 17 psychiatrists. Most respondents were proponents of Ulysses directives. The most frequently mentioned objective of these directives was to secure timely admission to hospital, although a large minority was mainly interested in giving patients influence on treatment decisions. Psychiatrists differed on how much autonomy they preferred with regard to decisions about the moment of admission and kind of treatment. Clients also differed in this respect. Pressure from others to execute a Ulysses directive, and premature admission to the hospital were mentioned as risks of Ulysses directives. Crisis cards were seen as an alternative by many psychiatrists and some clients. Recommendations are made for a good functioning of Ulysses directives, and the appropriateness of crisis cards as an alternative for a number of patients is discussed.
Department of Social Medicine, Section Health Law, Academic Medical Hospital, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands. i.varekamp@amc.uva.nl
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D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010361:Patients; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D011570:Psychiatry