Influence of gag on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 species-specific tropism.
The narrow host range of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is due in part to dominant acting restriction factors in humans (Ref1) and monkeys (Lv1). Here we show that gag encodes determinants of species-specific lentiviral infection, related in part to such restriction factors. Interaction between capsid and host cyclophilin A (CypA) protects HIV-1 from restriction in human cells but is essential for maximal restriction in simian cells. We show that sequence variation between HIV-1 isolates leads to variation in sensitivity to restriction factors in human and simian cells. We present further evidence for the importance of target cell CypA over CypA packaged in virions, specifically in the context of gp160 pseudotyped HIV-1 vectors. We also show that sensitivity to restriction is controlled by an H87Q mutation in the capsid, implicated in the immune control of HIV-1, possibly linking immune and innate control of HIV-1 infection.
Wohl Virion Centre, Infection and Immunity, University College London, 46 Cleveland St., London W1T 4JF, United Kingdom.
Yasuhiro
Y
Ikeda
Laura M J
LM
Ylinen
Maria
M
Kahar-Bador
Greg J
GJ
Towers
D000818:Animals; D021984:Cyclophilin A / Q000378:metabolism; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase / Q000502:physiology; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D013045:Species Specificity; D018523:Tropism
D015683:Gene Products, gag; D016572:Cyclosporine; C085108:APEX1 protein, human; D043603:DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase; D021984:Cyclophilin A