Naloxone in the treatment of acute dissociative states in female patients with borderline personality disorder.
BACKGROUND
Acute dissociative states are common in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, there are no established pharmacotherapeutic treatment options for this severe clinical condition.


METHODS
The effect of 0.4 mg naloxone administered intravenously in acute dissociative states was examined as compared to placebo in a double-blind crossover study in nine patients who met DSM-IV-criteria for BPD. Dissociative symptoms before and 15 min after a single dose of naloxone or saline placebo were assessed using a self-rating instrument for dissociation and aversive inner tension (DSS) and the observer-based items of the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS).


RESULTS
Dissociative symptoms before treatment with naloxone or saline placebo were moderate to severe. After injection of either naloxone or placebo, dissociative symptoms significantly decreased on the DSS (p < 0.01) and the CADSS (p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between naloxone and placebo in the reduction of symptoms. Patients who showed the most prominent response to naloxone fulfilled the highest number of DSM-IV-criteria for BPD.


CONCLUSIONS
Although it is difficult to draw definite conclusions from this small sample of patients, this study does not support the assumption that naloxone in a single dose of 0.4 mg is superior to placebo in acute dissociative states in patients with BPD. Further studies will investigate whether patients benefit from naloxone in a higher dose or whether subgroups of patients with BPD profit from naloxone in acute dissociative states.
Philipsen
A
A
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Schmahl
C
C
Lieb
K
K
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D009270:Naloxone