Reduced expression of MAD2, BCL2, and MAP kinase activity in pig oocytes after in vitro aging are associated with defects in sister chromatid segregation during meiosis II and embryo fragmentation after activation.
This study was conducted to examine expression of centromere protein B (CENPB), spindle checkpoint protein MAD2 (mitotic arrest deficient protein), and antiapoptotic protein BCL2; activities of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and mitochondria distribution in pig oocytes during aging, and their relationship with sister chromatid separation during meiosis II and embryo fragmentation and apoptosis after activation. After immature oocytes were cultured for 40-72 h, CENPB, MAD2, tubulin, BCL2, and MAPK in the oocytes were examined by immunoblotting. Spindles, chromosomes, kinetochores, and mitochondria were examined by immunofluorescence staining and apoptosis was examined by TUNEL assay. It was found that tubulin and CENPB was not changed during 40-72 h of culture. However, the expression of MAD2 and BCL2 and the activity of MAPK were gradually reduced during oocyte aging. The percentages of oocytes with normal spindle, chromosomes, and kinetochores were also reduced as oocyte aged from 9.5% at 40 h to 17.3%, 34.6%, and 42.9% at 48, 60, and 72 h, respectively. Aggregated mitochondria were found in the aged oocytes as compared with the uniform distribution in young oocytes. After activation, the proportions of oocytes with abnormal anaphase II were significantly increased in aged oocytes. More (P<0.001) oocytes cultured for 60-72 h fragmented and showed apoptosis after activation as compared with the oocytes cultured for 40-48 h. This study indicates that aging reduces expression in spindle checkpoint protein and antiapoptosis protein and MAPK activity in pig oocytes. These events in turn cause abnormal sister chromatid segregation during meiosis II, embryo fragmentation, and apoptosis.
Ma
Wei
W
State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China.
Zhang
Dong
D
Hou
Yi
Y
Li
Yong-Hai
YH
Sun
Qing-Yuan
QY
Sun
Xiao-Fang
XF
Wang
Wei-Hua
WH
D000705:Anaphase / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D051936:Centromere Protein B; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000473:pathology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D019254:Genes, bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008540:Meiosis / Q000502:physiology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010312:Parthenogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014404:Tubulin / Q000096:biosynthesis
D001324:Autoantigens; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D051936:Centromere Protein B; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007476:Ionophores; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; D000001:Calcimycin; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium