Up-regulation of the high-affinity pyrimidine-preferring nucleoside transporter concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in liver parenchymal cells.
OBJECTIVE
Concentrative nucleoside transporter 1 (CNT1), a high affinity transporter for pyrimidine nucleosides, is responsible for their Na+-dependent concentrative uptake into hepatocytes. Though CNT1 protein amounts increase in rat liver soon after partial hepatectomy, the physiological regulators of CNT1 expression have not yet been identified.


METHODS
Rat hepatoma cell lines and hepatocytes isolated from fetuses and adult rats were used to identify single agents able to up-regulate CNT1 expression and activity in liver. TNF-alpha receptor-I (TNFRI) and IL-6 knock-out mice were also used to study CNT1 regulation in vivo.


RESULTS
TNF-alpha and IL-6 independently induced CNT1 protein expression in cultured liver parenchymal and FAO hepatoma cells by PI-3 kinase- and ERK-dependent mechanisms, respectively. In vivo data showed that transporter protein levels were low in livers from TNFRI knock-out mice, but not in those from IL-6 deficient animals. However, IL-6 administration only partially restored CNT1 expression in the former model.


CONCLUSIONS
This study identifies TNF-alpha as a major in vivo modulator of the nucleoside transporter CNT1 and suggests a secondary role for IL-6 in mediating CNT1 up-regulation by TNF-alpha in vivo. Evidence is provided that two independent pathways are involved in the up-regulation of CNT1 by TNF-alpha and IL-6.
Fernández-Veledo
Sonia
S
Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Valdés
Raquel
R
Wallenius
Ville
V
Casado
F Javier
FJ
Pastor-Anglada
Marçal
M
D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D051381:Rats; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
D015850:Interleukin-6; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D053319:Tumor Necrosis Factor Decoy Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C065171:cif nucleoside transporter; C069521:recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-binding protein-1