Impact of milk preacidification with CO2 on the aging and proteolysis of cheddar cheese.
To determine the influence of milk preacidification with CO(2) on Cheddar cheese aging and proteolysis, cheese was manufactured from milk with and without added CO(2). The experiment was replicated 3 times. Carbon dioxide (approximately 1600 ppm) was added to the cold milk, resulting in a milk pH of 5.9 at 31 degrees C in the cheese vat. The starter and coagulant usage rates were equal for the control and CO(2) treatment cheeses. The calcium content of the CO(2) treatment cheese was lower, but no difference in moisture content was detected. The higher CO(2) content of the treatment cheeses (337 vs. 124 ppm) was maintained throughout 6 mo of aging. In spite of having almost one and a half times the salt-in-moisture, proteolysis as measured by pH 4.6 and 12% trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen expressed as percentages of total nitrogen, was higher in the CO(2) treatment cheeses throughout aging. The ratio of alpha(s)-casein (CN) to para-kappa-CN decreased faster in the CO(2) treatment cheeses than in the control cheeses, especially before refrigerated storage. No difference was detected in the ratio of beta-CN to para-kappa-CN between the control and CO(2) treatment cheeses. Intact alpha(s)- and beta-CN were found in the expressible serum (ES) from the CO(2) treatment cheese as well as alpha(s1)-I-CN, but they were not detected in the ES from the control cheese. No CN was detected in the ES from the curd before the salting of either the control or CO(2) treatment cheese. Higher proteolysis in the cheese made from milk preacidified with CO(2) may have been due to increased substrate availability in the water phase or increased chymosin activity or retention in the cheese.
Nelson
B K
BK
Northeast Dairy Foods Research Center, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Lynch
J M
JM
Barbano
D M
DM
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005524:Food Technology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008892:Milk / Q000187:drug effects*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
D002364:Caseins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002118:Calcium