Frequent inactivation of the tumor suppressor Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, reflecting incomplete characterization of underlying mechanisms and lack of early detection. Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is a ubiquitously expressed zinc finger transcription factor that is deregulated in multiple cancers through loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and/or inactivating somatic mutation. We analyzed the potential role of the KLF6 tumor suppressor gene in 41 patients who had HCC associated with hepatitis C virus (16 patients), hepatitis B virus (12 patients, one of whom was coinfected with hepatitis C virus), and other etiologies (14 patients) by determining the presence of LOH and mutations. Overall, LOH and/or mutations were present in 20 (49%) of 41 tumors. LOH of the KLF6 gene locus was present in 39% of primary HCCs, and the mutational frequency was 15%. LOH and/or mutations were distributed across all etiologies of HCC evaluated, including patients who did not have cirrhosis. Functionally, wild-type KLF6 decreased cellular proliferation of HepG2 cells, while patient-derived mutants did not. In conclusion, we propose that KLF6 is deregulated by loss and/or mutation in HCC, and its inactivation may contribute to pathogenesis in a significant number of these tumors.
Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Sigal
S
Kremer-Tal
Helen L
HL
Reeves
Goutham
G
Narla
Swan N
SN
Thung
Myron
M
Schwartz
Analisa
A
Difeo
Amanda
A
Katz
Jordi
J
Bruix
Paulette
P
Bioulac-Sage
John A
JA
Martignetti
Scott L
SL
Friedman
D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000150:complications; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D000075723:Kruppel-Like Factor 6; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D009154:Mutation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
C105465:KLF6 protein, human; D000075723:Kruppel-Like Factor 6; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators