Molecular profiling indicates avian branchiomotor nuclei invade the hindbrain alar plate.
It is generally believed that the spinal cord and hindbrain consist of a motor basal plate and a sensory alar plate. We now have molecular markers for these territories. The relationship of migrating branchiomotor neurons to molecularly defined alar and basal domains was examined in the chicken embryo by mapping the expression of cadherin-7 and cadherin-6B, in comparison to genetic markers for ventrodorsal patterning (Otp, Pax6, Pax7, Nkx2.2, and Shh) and motoneuron subpopulations (Phox2b and Isl1). We show cadherin-7 is expressed in a complete radial domain occupying a lateral region of the hindbrain basal plate. The cadherin-7 domain abuts the medial border of Pax7 expression; this common limit defines, or at least approximates, the basal/alar boundary. The hindbrain branchiomotor neurons originate in the medial part of the basal plate, close to the floor plate. Their cadherin-7-positive axons grow into the alar plate and exit the hindbrain close to the corresponding afferent nerve root. The cadherin-7-positive neuronal cell bodies later translocate laterally, following this axonal trajectory, thereby passing through the cadherin-7-positive basal plate domain. Finally, the cell bodies traverse the molecularly defined basal/alar boundary and move into positions within the alar plate. After the migration has ended, the branchiomotor neurons switch expression from cadherin-7 to cadherin-6B. These findings demonstrate that a specific subset of primary motor neurons, the branchiomotor neurons, migrate into the alar plate of the chicken embryo. Consequently, the century-old concept that all primary motor neurons come to reside in the basal plate should be revised.
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Institute of Anatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, D-45122 Essen, Germany.
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D000818:Animals; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002642:Chick Embryo; D005136:Eye Proteins; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D000090322:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012249:Rhombencephalon / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins
C121291:CDH7 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D000090322:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.2; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007370:Interferon Type I; C085115:Is1-1 protein; D008667:Metalloproteins; C109220:NBPhox protein; C000715631:NKX2-2 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000071841:PAX6 Transcription Factor; C000605730:PAX6 protein, human; D051763:PAX7 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C509239:SHH protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C020947:interferon tau; C000715630:nkx2.2b protein, zebrafish; C087310:K cadherin