Automated model-based organ delineation for radiotherapy planning in prostatic region.
OBJECTIVE
Organ delineation is one of the most tedious and time-consuming parts of radiotherapy planning. It is usually performed by manual contouring in two-dimensional slices using simple drawing tools, and it may take several hours to delineate all structures of interest in a three-dimensional (3D) data set used for planning. In this paper, a 3D model-based approach to automated organ delineation is introduced that allows for a significant reduction of the time required for contouring.


METHODS
The presented method is based on an adaptation of 3D deformable surface models to the boundaries of the anatomic structures of interest. The adaptation is based on a tradeoff between deformations of the model induced by its attraction to certain image features and the shape integrity of the model. To make the concept clinically feasible, interactive tools are introduced that allow quick correction in problematic areas in which the automated model adaptation may fail. A feasibility study with 40 clinical data sets was done for the male pelvic area, in which the risk organs (bladder, rectum, and femoral heads) were segmented by automatically adapting the corresponding organ models.


RESULTS
In several cases of the validation study, minor user interaction was required. Nevertheless, a statistically significant reduction in the time required compared with manual organ contouring was achieved. The results of the validation study showed that the presented model-based approach is accurate (1.0-1.7 mm mean error) for the tested anatomic structures.


CONCLUSIONS
A framework for organ delineation in radiotherapy planning is presented, including automated 3D model-based segmentation, as well as tools for interactive corrections. We demonstrated that the proposed approach is significantly more efficient than manual contouring in two-dimensional slices.
Pekar
Vladimir
V
Philips Research Laboratories, Sector Technical Systems, Röntgenstrasse 14-16, D-22335 Hamburg, Germany. vladimir.pekar@philips.com
McNutt
Todd R
TR
Kaus
Michael R
MR
D000465:Algorithms; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011859:Radiography; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D012007:Rectum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging