Offspring sex ratio in smokers.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the ratio of male to female gender in the offspring of smokers and non-smokers.


METHODS
The tool used for the survey was a questionnaire. Four hundred subjects were analyzed and were divided into three age groups.


RESULTS
Out of 400 subjects 56.5% were smokers and 43.5% were nonsmokers. Overall offspring sex ratio in nonsmokers was 1.53 and 0.61 in smokers.


CONCLUSIONS
The smoking might be a contributing factor to a lower male to female sex ratio of offspring along with Estrogenic pollutants which are everywhere in the environment contaminating food, drinking water and air.
Adil
M M
MM
Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad.
Khan
U A
UA
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan; D010290:Parents; D012744:Sex Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires