Current diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis.
The incidence of infective endocarditis continues to rise with a yearly incidence of around 15,000 to 20,000 new cases in the USA. As a result, rapid diagnosis, effective treatment and prompt recognition of complications are essential to desirable clinical outcomes. Recent guidelines such as the Duke criteria have incorporated echocardiography for diagnosis of infective endocarditis, making this diagnostic test mandatory for patients with suspected infective endocarditis. The diversity of pathogens that can cause infective endocarditis, some of which cannot be cultured easily, makes diagnosis even more difficult. Coagulase-negative staphylococci and viridans streptococci groups continue to be the major causative microorganisms of infective endocarditis. In the case of culture-negative endocarditis or infective endocarditis caused by fastidious microorganisms, the polymerase chain reaction and probe-based diagnostic methods are available to clinical reference laboratories.
Department of Internal Medicine, Marshfield Clinic, 1000 North Oak Avenue, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA. tak.tahir@marshfieldclinic.org
Tahir
T
Tak
Sumeesh
S
Dhawan
Cory
C
Reynolds
Sanjay K
SK
Shukla
D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans