Impact of plasma protein binding on antimicrobial activity using time-killing curves.
OBJECTIVE
Plasma protein binding (PPB) is known to impair the antimicrobial activity of beta-lactams, but its impact on the activity of other classes of antimicrobials such as fluoroquinolones is controversial. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of PPB on bacterial killing by selected antibiotics and moxifloxacin, which served as a model compound for the class of fluoroquinolones.


METHODS
Bacterial time-killing curves were employed in the absence and presence of physiological albumin concentrations (40 g/L). Moxifloxacin, ampicillin and oxacillin were investigated. Fosfomycin, a non-protein bound antibiotic was used for comparison. Simulations were carried out by employing concentrations of antibiotics of one-fourth of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), equal to the MIC and four-fold the MIC of one select bacterial strain (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213). To correlate bacterial killing to the extent of PPB, bacterial time-killing curves were plotted using the calculated free and the total drug concentration.


RESULTS
Bacterial killing by fosfomycin was not affected by the addition of albumin. The antimicrobial activity of oxacillin and ampicillin was reduced in the presence of albumin as expected by the calculation of the free fraction of these antibiotics. Adding albumin to moxifloxacin resulted in a significant decrease in bacterial killing of more than 1 log10 cfu/mL after a period of 8 h when the moxifloxacin concentration was equal to the respective MIC.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data confirm the view that albumin substantially impairs the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics including moxifloxacin, a member of the class of fluoroquinolones.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
M A
MA
Zeitlinger
R
R
Sauermann
F
F
Traunmüller
A
A
Georgopoulos
M
M
Müller
C
C
Joukhadar
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011485:Protein Binding; D011804:Quinolines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D001798:Blood Proteins; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin