Characterization of differentiated subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue from children: the influences of TNF-alpha and IGF-I.
The relationship between subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte metabolism and development has been extensively studied in adult but not in pediatric tissue. Our aim was to isolate, develop, characterize, and compare primary cell cultures of subcutaneous and visceral preadipocytes from 16 normal prepubertal children (10 male and 6 female). Subculture techniques were developed to increase cell number and allow differentiation using a chemically defined serum-free medium. Removal of insulin from the differentiation medium prevented adipogenesis in both subcutaneous and visceral preadipocytes, whereas coincubation with rosiglitazone markedly enhanced glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression, and triglyceride accumulation in cells from both fat depots. Adiponectin secretion increased with differentiation from undetectable levels at day 0. Histological analyses demonstrated significant differences in lipid droplet number and size, with subcutaneous cells having fewer but larger vesicles compared with visceral cells. Downregulation and reorganization of the cytoskeleton appeared comparable. We further demonstrate regional differences in adipogenesis manipulation. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was more effective at inhibiting differentiation in subcutaneous cells, whereas insulin-like growth factor-I stimulated differentiation more effectively in visceral cells. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 enhanced differentiation equally. These observations may have important physiological and pharmacological implications for the development of obesity in later life.
Department of Surgery, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW, United Kingdom. m.j.grohmann@bristol.ac.uk
Malcolm
M
Grohmann
Matthew
M
Sabin
Jeff
J
Holly
Julian
J
Shield
Elizabeth
E
Crowne
Claire
C
Stewart
D052242:Adiponectin; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids; D008297:Male; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics; D040521:Subcutaneous Tissue; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014781:Viscera
D052242:Adiponectin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D047495:PPAR gamma; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase