Acromegaly and heart failure: revisions of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis and its relation to the cardiovascular system.
Cardiomyopathy is a major cause of death in overt acromegaly. Recent progress in research has increasingly revealed the molecular mechanisms concerning growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor in the development of heart failure. In this article, we propose mechanisms according to which heart failure occurs, and we aim to extrapolate this knowledge to more general processes involved in heart failure.
Twickler
Th B
TB
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University Nijmegen/Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Cramer
M J M
MJ
Senden
S P
SP
Doevendans
P A
PA
de Vries
W R
WR
Erkelens
D W
DW
Koppeschaar
H P F
HP
D000172:Acromegaly / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000503:physiopathology; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000502:physiology; D015282:Octreotide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology
D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D013006:Growth Hormone; D015282:Octreotide