Organisational justice and change in justice as predictors of employee health: the Whitehall II study.
OBJECTIVE
Organisational justice has been proposed as a new way to examine the impact of psychosocial work environment on employee health. This article studied the justice of interpersonal treatment by supervisors (the relational component of organisational justice) as a predictor of health.


METHODS
Prospective cohort study. Phase 1 (1985-88) measured relational justice, job demands, job control, social support at work, effort-reward imbalance, and self rated health. Relational justice was assessed again at phase 2 (1989-90) and self rated health at phase 2 and phase 3 (1991-93).


METHODS
20 civil service departments originally located in London.


METHODS
10 308 civil servants (6895 men, 3413 women) aged 35-55.


METHODS
Self rated health.


RESULTS
Men exposed to low justice at phase 1 or adverse change in justice between phase 1 and phase 2 were at higher risk of poor health at phase 2 and phase 3. A favourable change in justice was associated with reduced risk. Adjustment for other stress indicators had little effect on results. In women, low justice at phase 1 predicted poor health at phase 2 and phase 3 before but not after adjustment for other stress indicators. Adverse change in justice was associated with worse health prospects irrespective of adjustments.


CONCLUSIONS
The extent to which people are treated with justice in workplaces seems to predict their health independently of established stressors at work. Evidence on reduced health risk after favourable change in organisational justice implies a promising area for health interventions at workplace.
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. mika.kivimaki@ttl.fi.
Mika
M
Kivimäki
Jane E
JE
Ferrie
Jenny
J
Head
Martin J
MJ
Shipley
Jussi
J
Vahtera
Michael G
MG
Marmot
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010559:Personnel Management; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012935:Social Justice; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology