Enhancing the African bioethics initiative.
BACKGROUND
Medical ethics has existed since the time of Hippocrates. However, formal training in bioethics did not become established until a few decades ago. Bioethics has gained a strong foothold in health sciences in the developed world, especially in Europe and North America. The situation is quite different in many developing countries. In most African countries, bioethics - as established and practiced today in the west- is either non-existent or is rudimentary.


CONCLUSIONS
Though bioethics has come of age in the developed and some developing countries, it is still largely "foreign" to most African countries. In some parts of Africa, some bioethics conferences have been held in the past decade to create research ethics awareness and ensure conformity to international guidelines for research with human participants. This idea has arisen in recognition of the genuine need to develop capacity for reviewing the ethics of research in Africa. It is also a condition required by external sponsors of collaborative research in Africa. The awareness and interest that these conferences have aroused need to be further strengthened and extended beyond research ethics to clinical practice. By and large, bioethics education in schools that train doctors and other health care providers is the hook that anchors both research ethics and clinical ethics.


CONCLUSIONS
This communication reviews the current situation of bioethics in Africa as it applies to research ethics workshops and proposes that in spite of the present efforts to integrate ethics into biomedical research in Africa, much still needs to be done to accomplish this. A more comprehensive approach to bioethics with an all-inclusive benefit is to incorporate formal ethics education into health training institutions in Africa.
Ogundiran
Temidayo O
TO
Division of Oncology, Department of SurgeryCollege of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, PMB 5116 Ibadan, Nigeria. toogundiran@yahoo.co.uk
D000349:Africa; D001675:Bioethics / Q000193:education*; D003226:Congresses as Topic; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003906:Developing Countries; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics; D004501:Education, Medical; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research; D026690:Ethics, Clinical / Q000193:education; D032984:Ethics, Research / Q000193:education*; D005381:Financing, Organized / Q000941:ethics; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006805:Human Experimentation / Q000941:ethics / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D012109:Research Support as Topic / Q000191:economics / Q000941:ethics; D012577:Schools, Medical