Effects of acupuncture on vasopressin-induced emesis in conscious dogs.
Although acupuncture has a significant clinical benefit, the mechanism of acupuncture remains unclear. Vasopressin, a posterior pituitary hormone, is involved in nausea and vomiting in humans and dogs. To investigate the antiemetic effects of acupuncture on vasopressin-induced emesis, gastroduodenal motor activity and the frequency of retching and vomiting were simultaneously recorded in conscious dogs. In seven dogs, four force transducers were implanted on the serosal surfaces of the gastric body, antrum, pylorus, and duodenum. Gastroduodenal motility was continuously monitored throughout the experiment. Vasopressin was intravenously infused at a dose of 0.1 U x kg(-1) x min(-1) for 20 min. Electroacupuncture (EA, 1-30 Hz) at pericardium-6 (PC6), bladder-21 (BL21), or stomach-36 (ST36) was performed before, during, and after the vasopressin infusion. To investigate whether the opioid pathway is involved in EA-induced antiemetic effects, naloxone (a central and peripheral opioid receptor antagonist) or naloxone methiodide (a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist) was administered before, during, and after EA and vasopressin infusion. Intravenous infusion of vasopressin induced retching and vomiting in all dogs tested. Retrograde peristaltic contractions occurred before the onset of retching and vomiting. EA (10 Hz) at PC6 significantly reduced the number of episodes of retching and vomiting. EA at PC6 also suppressed retrograde peristaltic contractions. In contrast, EA at BL21 or ST36 had no antiemetic effects. The antiemetic effect of EA was abolished by pretreatment with naloxone but not naloxone methiodide. It is suggested that the antiemetic effect of acupuncture is mediated via the central opioid pathway.
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
Makoto
M
Tatewaki
Carmen
C
Strickland
Hiroyuki
H
Fukuda
Daisuke
D
Tsuchida
Etsuo
E
Hoshino
Theodore N
TN
Pappas
Toku
T
Takahashi
D015669:Acupuncture Points; D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000502:physiology; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000502:physiology* / Q000633:toxicity; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*
D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D014667:Vasopressins; D009270:Naloxone; C041269:N-methylnaloxone