Effect of vitamin A against methotrexate-induced damage to the small intestine in rats.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study was to examine whether or not the administration of vitamin A (VA) protects against methotrexate (MTX)-induced damage to small intestinal epithelium.


METHODS
Sixty-three male Wistar albino rats, 10-12 weeks old, weighing 240-280 g, were divided into three groups: (1) controls, (2) rats receiving MTX treatment alone, and (3) rats receiving MTX plus VA treatment. A single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg MTX in 20 ml vehicle) was administered to the rats intraperitoneally. For MTX plus VA treated groups, retinol palmitate (VA) 5,000 IU/kg dissolved in 0.5 ml sunflower oil was administered by intragastric tube 3 days prior to MTX treatment and continued till the rats were sacrificed. The control group was treated with vehicle. Both control and MTX-alone groups were also treated with sunflower oil as a placebo. The rats were sacrificed on the 2nd, 4th and 6th day after MTX treatment. Tissue samples from the jejunum were taken for histopathological analysis.


RESULTS
MTX treatment induced villus shortening and fusion, epithelial atrophy, crypt loss, inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria, and goblet cell depletion. The pre- and post-treatment administration of VA decreased the severity of jejunal damage caused by MTX treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results confirmed that administration of VA decreased the MTX-induced damage to the small intestine. This protective effect of VA may have clinical applications in cancer chemotherapy.
Yüncü
Mehmet
M
Department of Histology and Embryology, Gaziantep University Medical School, Gaziantep, Turkey. yuncu@gantep.edu.tr
Eralp
Ayhan
A
Koruk
Mehmet
M
Sari
Ibrahim
I
Bağci
Cahit
C
Inalöz
Serap
S
D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001284:Atrophy; D019610:Cytoprotection; D004224:Diterpenes; D005355:Fibrosis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007583:Jejunum / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015431:Weight Loss
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004224:Diterpenes; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate; D008727:Methotrexate