The viral protein A238L inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 expression through a nuclear factor of activated T cell-dependent transactivation pathway.
Cyclooxygenase-2 is transiently induced upon cell activation or viral infections, resulting in inflammation and modulation of the immune response. Here we report that A238L, an African swine fever virus protein, efficiently inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in Jurkat T cells and in virus-infected Vero cells. Transfection of Jurkat cells stably expressing A238L with cyclooxygenase-2 promoter-luciferase constructs containing 5'-terminal deletions or mutations in distal or proximal nuclear factor of activated T cell (NFAT) response elements revealed that these sequences are involved in the inhibition induced by A238L. Overexpression of a constitutively active version of the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin or NFAT reversed the inhibition mediated by A238L on cyclooxygenase-2 promoter activation, whereas overexpression of p65 NFkappaB had no effect. A238L does not modify the nuclear localization of NFAT after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/calcium ionophore stimulation. Moreover, we show that the mechanism by which the viral protein down-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 activity does not involve inhibition of the binding between NFAT and its specific DNA sequences into the cyclooxygenase-2 promoter. Strikingly, A238L dramatically inhibited the transactivation mediated by a GAL4-NFAT fusion protein containing the N-terminal transactivation domain of NFAT1. Taken together, these data indicate that A238L down-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 transcription through the NFAT response elements, being NFAT-dependent transactivation implicated in this down-regulation.
Granja
Aitor G
AG
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
Nogal
Maria L
ML
Hurtado
Carolina
C
Vila
Virginia
V
Carrascosa
Angel L
AL
Salas
María L
ML
Fresno
Manuel
M
Revilla
Yolanda
Y
D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014709:Vero Cells; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
C113585:A238L protein, African swine fever virus; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007476:Ionophores; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; C494006:NFATC2 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins; D008156:Luciferases; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D019703:Calcineurin; D015232:Dinoprostone; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium