Prospective outcomes evaluation after decompression with or without instrumented fusion for lumbar stenosis and degenerative Grade I spondylolisthesis.
OBJECTIVE
There is considerable debate among spine surgeons regarding whether fusion should be used to augment decompressive surgery in patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis involving Grade I degenerative spondylolisthesis. The authors prospectively evaluated the outcomes of patients treated between 2000 and 2002 at two institutions to determine whether fusion improves functional outcome 1 year after surgery.


METHODS
Patients ranged in age from 50 to 81 years. They presented with degenerative Grade I (3- to 14-mm) spondylolisthesis and lumbar stenosis without gross instability (< 3 mm of motion at the level of subluxation). Those in whom previous surgery had been performed at the level of subluxation were excluded. Each patient completed Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires preoperatively and at 6 to 12 months postoperatively. Some patients underwent decompression alone (20 cases), whereas others underwent decompression and posterolateral instrumentation-assisted fusion (14 cases), at the treating surgeon's discretion. Baseline demographic data, radiographic features, and ODI and SF-36 scores were similar in both groups. The 1-year fusion rate was 93%. Both forms of surgery independently improved outcome compared with baseline status, based on ODI and SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) results (p < 0.001). Decompression combined with fusion led to an improvement in ODI scores of 27.5 points, whereas decompression alone was associated with a 13.6-point increase (p = 0.02). Analysis of the SF-36 PCS data also demonstrated a significant intergroup difference (p = 0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
Surgery substantially improved 1-year outcomes based on established outcomes instruments in patients with Grade I spondylolisthesis and stenosis. Fusion was associated with greater functional improvement.
Department of Neurosurgery, Greenwich Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830, USA. zoher.ghogawala@yale.edu
Zoher
Z
Ghogawala
Edward C
EC
Benzel
Sepideh
S
Amin-Hanjani
Fred G
FG
Barker
J Fred
JF
Harrington
Subu N
SN
Magge
John
J
Strugar
Jean-Valéry C E
JV
Coumans
Lawrence F
LF
Borges
D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013130:Spinal Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000601:surgery*