The timing of negative symptom exacerbations in relationship to positive symptom exacerbations in the early course of schizophrenia.
Although positive and negative symptoms appear to represent independent symptom dimensions of psychopathology when evaluated cross-sectionally among individuals with schizophrenia, it is not known if exacerbations of symptoms on these two dimensions are independent. This prospective longitudinal study examined the temporal relationship between the positive and negative symptom exacerbations among 48 recent-onset schizophrenia or schizoaffective patients who received symptom ratings every 2 weeks on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Patients were followed for a period of at least 1 year and a mean of 3 years. To examine the temporal relationship between positive and negative symptoms, six time periods were defined in relation to psychotic exacerbation or relapse (e.g., prodromal, concurrent, post-psychotic) and used to compare the timing of positive and negative symptom exacerbations. A substantial proportion of patients had exacerbations of positive symptoms (77%) and negative (42%) symptoms. Negative symptom exacerbations occurred simultaneously with positive symptom exacerbations to a significantly greater extent than expected by chance, and occurred less frequently than expected by chance during the time period most temporally removed from positive symptom exacerbations. Results suggest that the timing of some negative symptom exacerbations is linked to that of positive symptom exacerbations during the early course of schizophrenia.
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Room 2243, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6968, USA. jventura@ucla.edu
Joseph
J
Ventura
Keith H
KH
Nuechterlein
Michael F
MF
Green
William P
WP
Horan
Kenneth L
KL
Subotnik
Jim
J
Mintz
D000328:Adult; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors