Production of arginine by fermentation.
Studies on the production of L-arginine by fermentation using mutants of Corynebacterium (Brevibacterium), Bacillus, and Serratia have been conducted since the 1960s. More recently, the breeding of L-arginine production strains by gene recombination techniques using Escherichia coli has been investigated. To produce L-arginine efficiently by fermentation, it is necessary to breed strains with a strong biosynthetic pathway to L-arginine. Because L-arginine is biosynthesized from the precursor L-glutamic acid through ornithine and citrulline, the use of strains with a high capability for producing L-glutamic acid is desirable. Corynebacterium (Brevibacterium), which is well known in the production of L-glutamic acid, was selected as a starting strain for the breeding of an L-arginine producer and has been used on a commercial scale. Regarding the fermentation conditions, as for other amino acids, L-arginine fermentation is controlled by regulating pH near the neutral point. Due to its high oxygen requirement, L-arginine production is seriously impaired without sufficient oxygen. Advanced purification methods are necessary to obtain highly pure L-arginine from the fermentation broth. After fermentation is complete, bacterial cells and proteins are removed by means of a membrane or centrifugation, and impurities are removed by means of an ion-exchange resin or activated carbon. Highly pure L-arginine crystals can be obtained through concentration at the end of the process.
Utagawa
Takashi
T
Fermentation & Biotechnology Laboratories, Global Foods & Amino Acids Company, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan. takashi_utugawa@ajinomoto.com
D001120:Arginine / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005658:Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology
D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D001120:Arginine; D010100:Oxygen