The relationship between concentration of a dual marker strain of Salmonella Typhimurium in bovine faeces and its probability of detection by immunomagnetic separation and culture.
OBJECTIVE
To modify a strain of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium to express unique marker traits and then define how the concentration of the marker in bovine faeces affects the probability of its detection by culture preceded by immunomagnetic separation (IMS).


RESULTS
DNA encoding for the production of green fluorescent protein (gfp) and resistance to kanamycin was inserted into the bacterial chromosome of Salm. Typhimurium. Transposon insertion was demonstrated by Southern blot hybridization. Varying amounts of one electroporant (gfpSal-1) were inoculated into suspensions of bovine faeces and attempts made to isolate gfpSal-1 using a protocol based on pre-enrichment incubation, IMS and enrichment in selective media. Isolates of gfpSal-1 were differentiated from wild strains of Salmonella using fluorescence under u.v. light and expression of kanamycin resistance. A logistic and Gompertz function each derived from the dose-response data partially explained the observations with the fit of the Gompertz function judged to be superior. The 10, 50 and 90% limits of detection from the Gompertz function were estimated to be 1.92, 2.03 and 2.27 CFU g(-1) respectively.


CONCLUSIONS
Reliance on the traditional concept of 'limit of detection' could introduce unacceptable errors in the interpretation of test findings when the concentration of Salm. Typhimurium in bovine faeces (pooled or individual) is below ca 3 CFU g(-1) of faeces.


CONCLUSIONS
The dose-response curve can be used to aid the design of protocols for detecting Salmonella in individual and pooled faecal specimens. The experiments demonstrate that both reporter genes in tandem are useful for studying the performance of culture-based methods for detecting pathogens in faeces.
Jordan
D
D
New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, 1243 Bruxner Highway, Wollongbar, Australia. david.jordan@dpi.nsw.gov.au
Vancov
T
T
Chowdhury
A
A
Andersen
L M
LM
Jury
K
K
Stevenson
A E
AE
Morris
S G
SG
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D005819:Genetic Markers; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins