Impact of spiral computed tomography on the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in a community hospital setting.
BACKGROUND
While the optimal role of spiral CT angiography (CTA) in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) remains controversial, this technology is already being widely utilized in the community setting.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the impact CTA has had on angiography utilization rates and the overall diagnostic rate of PE.


METHODS
All patients evaluated for PE during a 4-year period were studied. PE was defined as either a high-probability V/Q scan, a positive conventional angiogram, or a CTA with emboli in the segmental or larger pulmonary vessels. Diagnostic rates of PE per 1,000 hospital admissions were determined and analyzed for time periods before and after the introduction of CTA. CT reports were compared with their concurrent chest radiograph (CXR) reports and additional findings that were not apparent on CXR were abstracted.


RESULTS
The diagnostic rate of PE per 1,000 hospital admissions was 1.8 prior to the introduction of CTA and increased to 2.8 per 1,000 admissions after the introduction of CTA (p < 0.0001). Total costs for diagnostic testing per PE diagnosis made went from US 2,518 dollars to US 2,572 dollars. While the number of PE diagnosed by V/Q scan remained constant, the number of PE diagnosed by conventional angiography decreased while the number diagnosed by CTA increased. In patients with intermediate probability V/Q scan results, the percentage of patients receiving subsequent angiography (conventional or CTA) increased from 17 to 26% (p = 0.043). When conventional angiography was performed, CT imaging of the chest still had to be ordered for other reasons 38% of the time. Additional information was obtained in 78% of cases when CTA was performed.


CONCLUSIONS
Increased utilization of CTA was associated with an increase in angiography utilization rates and diagnostic rates of PE, was cost effective, and often provided additional, useful, and unanticipated diagnostic information.
Ost
David
D
Center for Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA. dost@nshs.edu
Khanna
Dheeraj
D
Shah
Rakesh
R
Hall
Charles S
CS
Shah
Suketu
S
Lesser
Martin
M
Fein
Alan M
AM
D000792:Angiography / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006764:Hospitals, Community; D006801:Humans; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data