Peripheral blood markers of inflammation and functional impairment in elderly community-dwellers.
The cross-sectional association of functional impairment with several peripheral blood inflammatory markers (increased C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and leucocyte count, decreased cholesterol and albumin) was studied in 739 elderly community-dwellers. Functional measures included Tinetti test for gait and balance, and basic and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. When considering each marker individually, only increased CRP was inversely associated with all functional measures independently of demographics, lifestyle, and comorbidity (P < 0.05). When considering the sum of positive markers, having more than one marker was also inversely associated with all functional measures (P < 0.05), but no clear gradient of impairment was found across increasing numbers of markers. When considering specific combinations of markers, having both increased CRP and at least another positive marker had a stronger association with functional impairment (P < 0.01 for all measures) than increased CRP alone (P > 0.05), or other positive markers alone or in combination (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in elderly individuals, peripheral blood markers of inflammation are associated with functional impairment independently of potential confounders. A specific combination of CRP with other markers provides a better correlate of functional impairment than both individual markers or a simple count of positive markers.
Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology, and Hepatology, University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
G
G
Ravaglia
P
P
Forti
F
F
Maioli
N
N
Brunetti
M
M
Martelli
T
T
Talerico
L
L
Bastagli
A
A
Muscari
E
E
Mariani
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance
D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002097:C-Reactive Protein