Measurement of in-vivo force response of intra-abdominal soft tissues for surgical simulation.
The lack of data on in-vivo material properties of soft tissues has been a significant impediment in the development of virtual reality based surgical simulators that can provide the user with realistic visual and haptic feedback. As a first step towards characterizing the mechanical behavior of organs, this work presents in-vivo force response of the liver and lower esophagus of pigs when subjected to ramp and hold, and sinusoidal indentations delivered using a haptic feedback device, Phantom, employed as a mechanical stimulator. The results show that pulse significantly affects the reaction forces and that the lower esophagus is 2 to 2.5 times stiffer than the liver.
Laboratory for Human and Machine Haptics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
B K
BK
Tay
N
N
Stylopoulos
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S
De
D W
DW
Rattner
M A
MA
Srinivasan
D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000601:surgery*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000193:education*; D013552:Swine; D014110:Touch; D014584:User-Computer Interface