Detection and in vitro and in vivo characterization of porcine circovirus DNA from a porcine-derived commercial pepsin product.
Non-pathogenic porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) and pathogenic PCV2 are widespread in swine herds. In this study, the detection and characterization of PCV1 and PCV2 DNA from porcine-derived commercial pepsin are reported. The complete genomic sequences of the pepsin-derived PCV1 and PCV2 share 76 % nucleotide sequence identity with each other and 95-99 % identity with respective North American PCV1 and PCV2 isolates. However, the PCV-contaminated pepsin lacks infectivity in PK-15 cells. To further assess the infectivity of the contaminating pepsin in vivo, 16 5-week-old, specific-pathogen-free pigs were divided randomly into three groups: pigs in group 1 (n=5) were each inoculated intramuscularly and intranasally with 4 ml PBS buffer as negative controls, those in group 2 (n=6) were each inoculated with 400 mg contaminated pepsin dissolved in 4 ml PBS and those in group 3 (n=5) were each inoculated with 4 x 10(4.3) TCID(50) PCV2 as positive controls. PCV2 viraemia, seroconversion and pathological lesions were detected in group 3 pigs, but not in group 1 or 2 pigs, confirming that the contaminating PCVs were non-infectious. Nevertheless, the detection of PCV DNA in a porcine-derived commercial product raises concern for potential human infection through xenotransplantation.
Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA.
M
M
Fenaux
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
T
T
Opriessnig
Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
P G
PG
Halbur
Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Y
Y
Xu
Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
B
B
Potts
Center for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0342, USA.
X-J
XJ
Meng
D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002460:Cell Line; D018173:Circoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology*; D017925:Circovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004340:Drug Contamination; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010434:Pepsin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010802:Phylogeny; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D014766:Viremia / Q000175:diagnosis; D038301:Virus Inactivation
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D010434:Pepsin A