Two-year stability and change of schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.
The authors examined the stability of schizotypal (STPD), borderline (BPD), avoidant (AVPD) and obsessive-compulsive (OCPD) personality disorders (PDs) over 2 years of prospective multiwave follow-up. Six hundred thirty-three participants recruited at 4 collaborating sites who met criteria for 1 or more of the 4 PDs or for major depressive disorder (MOD) without PD were assessed with semistructured interviews at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. Lifetable survival analyses revealed that the PD groups had slower time to remission than the MDD group. Categorically, PD remission rates range from 50% (AVPD) to 61% (STPD) for dropping below diagnostic threshold on a blind 24-month reassessment but range from 23% (STPD) to 38% (OCPD) for a more stringent definition of improvement. Dimensionally, these findings suggest that PDs may be characterized by maladaptive trait constellations that are stable in their structure (individual differences) but can change in severity or expression over time.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. carlos.grilo@yale.edu.
Carlos M
CM
Grilo
Charles A
CA
Sanislow
John G
JG
Gunderson
Maria E
ME
Pagano
Shirley
S
Yen
Mary C
MC
Zanarini
M Tracie
MT
Shea
Andrew E
AE
Skodol
Robert L
RL
Stout
Leslie C
LC
Morey
Thomas H
TH
McGlashan
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires