title: HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathy in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: an observational study.
abstract: The prevalence and predisposing factors of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were evaluated among patients in the Collaborations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Outcomes Research/US cohort. Of 6022 patients, 17 (0.3%) had TMA, with unadjusted incidences per 100 person-years of 0.079 for TMA, 0.009 for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and 0.069 for hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Compared with patients without TMA, patients with TMA had lower mean CD4(+) cell counts (197 vs. 439 cells/mm(3); P=.0009) and higher mean log(10) HIV-1 RNA levels (4.6 vs. 3.3 copies/mL; P=.0001) at last follow-up and a significantly greater incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (82.4% vs. 55.3%; P=.025), Mycobacterium avium complex infection (17.6% vs. 3.3%; P=.018), hepatitis C (29.4% vs. 11.3%; P=.001), and death (41.2% vs. 7.4%; P<.0001). The prevalence of herpes and use of antiherpetics were slightly higher for patients with TMA, but unadjusted distributions were not statistically significant. TMA in a cohort surveyed after the introduction of HAART was rare and was associated with advanced HIV disease.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Horizon Medical Group, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. sbecker@mindspring.com
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fusco
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fusco
authors.forename: Rukmini
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balu
authors.forename: Shehnaz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gangjee
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feinberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006463:Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011697:Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology