title: Survival and injury of Arcobacter after artificial inoculation into drinking water.
abstract: The aim of this work was to assess the effect of chlorine water treatment on Arcobacter butzleri and to study the survival strategies of this organism in chlorinated and non-chlorinated drinking water. A. butzleri NCTC 12481 was inoculated into chlorinated and non-chlorinated water and samples were removed aseptically, immediately and periodically during the next 2 days (for chlorinated drinking water) or 35 days (for non-chlorinated drinking water). The membrane integrity (Live/Dead BacLight kit), 16S rRNA (FISH technique), DNA content (23S rRNA PCR-RFLPs) and culturability changes in A. butzleri cells were analyzed. Culturability of the cells was lost at 5 min in chlorinated drinking water. At that time the cells showed membrane damage, although fluorescent intensity of 16S rRNA hybridization was constant throughout the chlorine treatment. After 48 h the amplicon specific for the 23S rRNA gene was weakly detected. In non-chlorinated drinking water cells lost their culturability after 16 days but the other factors measured indicated that Arcobacter remained viable throughout the experiment.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Politécnica, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Salut
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Botella
authors.forename: M Antonia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferrús
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández
mesh_terms: D020640:Arcobacter / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S / Q000235:genetics; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; D002713:Chlorine