Tregs in T cell vaccination: exploring the regulation of regulation.
T cell vaccination (TCV) activates Tregs of 2 kinds: anti-idiotypic (anti-id) and anti-ergotypic (anti-erg). These regulators furnish a useful view of the physiology of T cell regulation of the immune response. Anti-id Tregs recognize specific effector clones by their unique TCR CDR3 peptides; anti-id networks of CD4+ and CD8+ Tregs have been described in detail. Here we shall focus on anti-erg T regulators. Anti-erg T cells, unlike anti-id T cells, do not recognize the clonal identity of effector T cells; rather, anti-erg T cells recognize the state of activation of target effector T cells, irrespective of their TCR specificity. We consider several features of anti-erg T cells: their ontogeny, subset markers, and target ergotope molecules; mechanisms by which they regulate other T cells; mechanisms by which they get regulated; and therapeutic prospects for anti-erg upregulation and downregulation.
Cohen
Irun R
IR
Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. Irun.cohen@weizmann.ac.il
Quintana
Francisco J
FJ
Mimran
Avishai
A
D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018834:Chaperonin 60 / Q000737:chemistry; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000737:chemistry; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014612:Vaccines / Q000737:chemistry*
D000941:Antigens; D018834:Chaperonin 60; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014612:Vaccines