title: Genome-wide expression profiling of fetal membranes reveals a deficient expression of proteinase inhibitor 3 in premature rupture of membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We used a genome-wide approach to identify differentially expressed genes in patients with preterm premature rupture of membranes to improve the understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  RNA was isolated from the fetal membranes of patients with preterm labor with intact membranes and preterm premature rupture of membranes and was stratified according to the presence or absence of histologic chorioamnionitis. Microarray experiments were used to identify differentially expressed genes, and real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used in follow-up experiments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Microarray experiments identified decreased expression of proteinase inhibitor 3 in the preterm premature rupture of membranes cases. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed these results. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated decreased proteinase inhibitor 3 protein expression in preterm premature rupture of membranes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A genome-wide approach identified deficient expression of proteinase inhibitor 3 in preterm premature rupture of membranes, which demonstrated the usefulness of functional genomics for the dissection of mechanisms of disease and identification of differentially regulated genes that were not suspected previously to play a role in parturition.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tromp
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuivaniemi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Tinnakorn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chaiworapongsa
authors.forename: Yeon Mee
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mi Ran
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maymon
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edwin
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D036801:Parturition / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D053491:Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; D011506:Proteins