title: Executive functioning, memory, and learning in phenylketonuria.
abstract: The executive deficit hypothesis of treated phenylketonuria (PKU) suggests that dopaminergic depletion in the lateral prefrontal cortex leads to selective executive impairment. This was examined by comparing adults with PKU on a lifelong diet with a matched healthy control group. Those with PKU were impaired on selective and sustained attention, working memory (Self-Ordered Pointing), and letter fluency. However, they failed to show differential sensitivity to increased cognitive load on the attentional and working memory tasks, and they did not differ significantly on the remaining executive tasks (rule finding, inhibition, and multitasking). Nor did they differ significantly on recall or recognition memory. Overall, the findings provided little support for the executive deficit hypothesis. A possible explanation in terms of slowed information processing speed is explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University College London, London, England. S.Channon@ucl.ac.uk.
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Channon
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: German
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cassina
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010661:Phenylketonurias / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology*