title: [Meta-analysis of the research findings concerning functional relationships of explanatory variables to hope].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to meta-analyze the relationships of major concepts, which were made by synthesizing similar explanatory variables into more comprehensive concepts, to hope.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relevant researches from Jan 1980 to Dec 2003, performed in adults or adult patients, were collected. Using the SAS program, meta-analysis were done with the input data of the number of subjects, the correlation coefficients provided from most of the studies or a few transformed correlation coefficients from F value. In order to get the analysis to be done in homogeneous status of the data regarding each relationship of each major concept to hope (p>0.05), heterogeneous data were eliminated in repeating Q-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The major variable regarding relationship to self/transcendental being/life (spiritual wellbeing & self esteem) and social support (social support & family support) have very large positive effects on hope (D=1.72, D=1.27). The negative effect of the variable regarding captive state(uncertainty in illness, perceived unhealthiness status, & fatigue) and positive effect of coping (approach coping) on hope are in the level between moderate to large (D=-0.61, D=0.78). All the effects of the major concepts on hope were verified as significant statistically(p=.000). The Fail-Safe numbers showed the significant effects of the three major concepts except coping on hope were reliable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results can be a guide to advance hope theory for nursing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon City 301-747, South Korea. dskim@cnu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Dal Sook
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Weon Hee
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Seong Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Hyun Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Kyung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Moon Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyeon Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Mee Ok
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Ju
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D004644:Emotions; D006801:Humans; D012649:Self Concept; D012944:Social Support; D029181:Spirituality