title: Analysis and fate of insect repellents.
abstract: During summer months the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) could always be detected in influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) and anthropogenically influenced surface waters. In Germany the concentrations have decreased constantly since 1999, when DEET was substituted by Bayrepel. DEET can be degraded in WWTP, but only after an adaptation period and values in the influent above the threshold value. Since the year 2000 Bayrepel could also be detected during the summer months in the influents of WWTP, whereas in the effluents Bayrepel was not present.
authors.affiliation: ESWE-Institute for Water Research and Water Technology, D-65203 Wiesbaden, Kurfuerstenstrasse 6, Germany. Thomas.Knepper@eswe.com
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Knepper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003671:DEET / Q000032:analysis; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005858:Germany; D007302:Insect Repellents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010880:Piperidines / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012621:Seasons; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D007302:Insect Repellents; D010880:Piperidines; D003671:DEET; C483506:picaridin