title: [The background for development of refusal reactions in schizophrenics].
abstract: Eighty-five patients (52 male, 33 female, mean age 28.9 years) with slowly progressive schizophrenia with predominantly positive (pseudopsychopathic type, ICD-10 item F21.4)--79 patients and/or predominantly negative ("poor symptoms" schizophrenia, F20.6)--6 patients symptoms, were studied. All patients referred to the psychiatric clinic with refusal reactions. Depending on the psychological and behavioral mechanisms developing on the base of negative changes the refusal reactions have been divided into capitulation, avoidance and absenteeism subtypes. Their clinical heterogeneity was determined by the ratio of structure of schizophrenia-related personality disorders and cognitive deficit. Negative disorders in capitulation refusal reaction manifest in patients as "psychosthenic-like" personality with accentuation of dependent personality features and operational cognitive deficit. Avoidance subtype was observed in patients with schizoid (autistic or eccentric) personality changes and predominantly dynamic cognitive deficit. Absenteeism subtype was found in weak-will individuals and mainly motivational cognitive deficit.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Il'ina
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Ikonnikov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014888:Wechsler Scales