title: Social support, anxiety and depression after chemotherapy for ovarian cancer: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to describe the levels of anxiety and depression in patients during the 3 month period following the end of chemotherapy treatment and to identify factors that predict psychological morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective study in women with ovarian cancer to determine the changes in psychological status in the 3 months following completion of chemotherapy. Sixty-three consecutive patients were assessed at the completion of chemotherapy (Time 1) and 57 at 3 months follow-up (Time 2). Relevant disease and patient characteristics were recorded and patients were assessed at Time 1 for anxiety, depression and their perception of emotional support, an index of their psychosocial environment. Anxiety and depression were re-assessed at Time 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results indicate significant initial psychological morbidity, with clinical caseness for anxiety (38%) and depression (33%) being common. Follow-up at Time 2 shows that patients undergo a significant reduction in cases (19%) and symptoms of depression but an increase in cases of anxiety (47%). The principal factors associated with symptoms of anxiety at Time 2 were poor perceived social support, increased intrusive thoughts and, to a lesser extent, younger age. Medical parameters, such as the stage of disease, response of the cancer to treatment, Ca125 (a tumour glycoprotein) and Karnofsky Performance status (a measure of how well the patients is) were not associated with worse psychological outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show for the first time that social support and intrusive thoughts, rather than physical parameters, are the principal determinants of psychological morbidity in patients with ovarian cancer.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Wythenshawe Hospital, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hipkins
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whitworth
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tarrier
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jayson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents