title: Sympathetic and parasympathetic baroreflex dysfunction in familial dysautonomia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the possible abnormalities in the baroreflex modulation of both the heart and the arterial vasculature, in order to better evaluate the role of baroreflex abnormalities in the generation of the cardiovascular symptoms and complications affecting the familial dysautonomia (FD) patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one FD patients and 22 controls underwent 3 minutes of passive head-up tilt (HUT) and baroreceptor stimulation by means of sinusoidal neck suction (NS; 0 to -30 mm Hg; 0.1 Hz [LF] and 0.2 Hz [HF]). Respiration was maintained constant during NS at 15 breaths/minute. The authors monitored RR-intervals (RRI), blood pressure (BP) (Colin), and respiration. NS induced changes of RRI and BP were determined by spectral analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HUT showed orthostatic hypotension without compensatory tachycardia in FD patients but not in controls. LF-NS increased LF power of RRI and BP and HF-NS increased HF power of RRI in controls, but not in FD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Familial dysautonomia patients have a widespread baroreflex abnormality, involving both the efferent sympathetic arm on the resistance vessels, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent arms on the heart. Therefore, the abnormalities in the control of blood pressure-i.e., supine hypertension, orthostatic hypotension, blood pressure lability-and heart rate-i.e., bradyarrhythmias-are likely due to baroreflex abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, New York University, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stemper
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Axelrod
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Welsch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Passino
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hilz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000502:physiology*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000503:physiopathology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D004402:Dysautonomia, Familial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D011311:Pressoreceptors / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012021:Reflex, Abnormal / Q000502:physiology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D012143:Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology