title: Identification and biological evaluation of grapefruit oil components as potential novel efflux pump modulators in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains.
abstract: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MSSA strains were treated with: (a) grapefruit oil (GFO) components, isolated by chromatography and characterised by NMR and mass spectroscopy; (b) antimicrobial agents, or (c) a combination of both to evaluate (MIC determination) intrinsic antibacterial activity and to determine whether GFO components could modulate bacterial sensitivity to the anti-bacterial agents. Preliminary data suggested that the grapefruit component 4-[[(E)-5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxiranyl)-3-methyl-2-pentenyl]oxy]-7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one (2) enhances the susceptibility of test MRSA strains to agents, e.g., ethidium bromide and norfloxacin, to which these micro-organisms are normally resistant.
authors.affiliation: Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK.
authors.forename: Abedel-Nasser
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Abulrob
authors.forename: Marc T E
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Suller
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gumbleton
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: A Denver
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Russell
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000302:isolation & purification; D032083:Citrus paradisi / Q000737:chemistry*; D004996:Ethidium / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000187:drug effects*; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009643:Norfloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: C495301:4-(((E)-5-(3,3-diemthyl-2-oxiranyl)-3-mehtyl-2-pentenyl)oxy)-7H-furo(3,2-g)chromen-7-one; C495296:4-(((E)-5-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxiranyl)-3-methyl-2-pentenyl)oxy)-7H-furo(3,2-g)chromen-7-one; C495302:7-(((2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl)oxy)-2H-2chromenone; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001578:Benzopyrans; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010938:Plant Oils; D004996:Ethidium; D009643:Norfloxacin