title: Expression of somatostatin in the adult and developing mouse kidney.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor) (SRIF) has potent antiproliferative and antisecretory actions. In the adult kidney, somatostatin alters renal blood flow, ion transport, and water permeability. While some evidence suggests that SRIF may be produced by adult kidney tubular cells, the specific tubules generating SRIF are unknown. Somatostatin has also been detected in a variety of embryonic tissues, although it has not been described in the developing kidney. Our objective was to determine the expression pattern of SRIF in both the adult and embryonic mouse kidney.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence for SRIF in developing and adult mouse kidney tissues. We localized SRIF by dual or serial labeling immunofluorescence with specific markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Somatostatin mRNA was present in kidneys throughout embryogenesis and into adulthood. Starting at embryonic day (E) 12.5, SRIF was strongly expressed at the interface of the metanephric mesenchymal cells and the basolateral surfaces of ureteric bud trunks. Starting at E16.5, the staining at the interface was confined to the peripheral ureteric bud trunks and the clefts of newly dividing ureteric bud ampullae. In older embryos, SRIF also appeared in medullary tubules that appeared to be maturing thin descending limbs of Henle. In the adult kidney, SRIF proteins localized exclusively to medullary thin descending limbs of the Henle loop.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In embryonic kidneys, SRIF is expressed first at the interface of the metanephric mesenchyme and basolateral ureteric bud and later in maturing thin descending limbs of Henle. Expression in the thin descending limb persists in the adult kidney.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human and Molecular Genetics, Children's Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA. batesc@pediatrics.ohio-state.edu
authors.forename: Carlton M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kegg
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grady
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000196:embryology; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007668:Kidney / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013004:Somatostatin