title: Beta1-adrenergic blockade during cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves survival.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The short-acting beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agent, esmolol, was administrated during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with the hypothesis that initial resuscitation and postresuscitation survival would be improved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ventricular fibrillation was induced in 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats, which were then left untreated for 6 mins before attempted resuscitation with precordial compression, mechanical ventilation, and electrical defibrillation. Animals were randomized to receive 300 microg/kg esmolol in a volume of 200 microL or an equivalent volume of saline placebo during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Electrical defibrillation was attempted after 12 mins of ventricular fibrillation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Esmolol-treated animals required a significantly smaller number of electrical shocks before resuscitation. Each of the esmolol-treated but only five of nine placebo-treated animals were successfully resuscitated. Postresuscitation contractile and left ventricular diastolic functions of resuscitated animals were significantly better after esmolol administration and duration of survival was significantly increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A short-acting beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agent, when administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, significantly improved initial cardiac resuscitation, minimized postresuscitation myocardial dysfunction, and increased the duration of postresuscitation survival.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Critical Care Medicine, Palm Springs, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cammarata
authors.forename: Max Harry
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Shijie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Wanchun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jinglan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011412:Propanolamines; C036604:esmolol