title: Endoscopic resection of sinonasal malignancies: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A minimally invasive endoscopic approach for the management of sinonasal malignancy offers several advantages including excellent illumination, maximal preservation of uninvolved vital structures, and sparing of facial incisions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome and morbidity of endoscopic resection with or without combined radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients with sinonasal malignancy were diagnosed and/or treated with an endoscopic approach at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation and The University of Pennsylvania Medical Center from 1996 to 2003. Nineteen patients fulfilled the study criteria and had a minimally invasive endoscopic resection. Fifteen patients were treated with curative intent and four patients underwent palliative resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 56.9 (9-78 years) years and the mean follow-up period was 26.4 months. Combined radiation with or without chemotherapy pre- or postoperatively was given to 15 of 19 (78.9%) patients. Thirteen patients were resected strictly with an endoscopic approach and six patients were resected in combination with neurosurgery. There were no peri- and postoperative deaths. The local recurrence (LR) rate was 26.3% (5/19) and the distant metastasis rate was 15.8% (3/19). Overall survival rate (OS) was 78.9% (15/19) at a mean follow-up duration of 32.1 (4-74 months) months. The disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 68.4% (13/19) by clinical, endoscopic, and radiographic surveillance at a mean follow-up duration of 33.1 months. Patients treated with curative intent had LR, OS, and DFS rates of 21.4, 85.7, and 85.7%, respectively, and the patients treated for palliation had LR, OS, and DFS rates of 40, 60, and 15%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive endoscopic resection of sinonasal malignancy in combination with adjunctive therapies reduces treatment morbidity and yields LR, OS, and DFS rates that are comparable with traditional anterior craniofacial approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea.
authors.forename: Hwan-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Pete S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Citardi
authors.forename: Joung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bolger
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lanza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011859:Radiography; D015996:Survival Rate