title: Intrapleural hyperthermic perfusion with chemotherapy increases apoptosis in malignant pleuritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, we reported on the effectiveness of intrapleural hyperthermic perfusion with chemotherapy, a new treatment we developed for patients with malignant pleuritis. The present study analyzes the mechanism of the effectiveness of this therapy by examining the induction ratio of apoptosis among tumor cells following the perfusion treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study included 11 consecutive patients with primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma and accompanying pleural seedlings and pleural effusions containing tumor cells but without distant metastasis. All patients underwent surgical resection of the primary lesion and then received sequential perfusion treatment. Tumor cells collected from the effusion both before and again at 24 hours following the perfusion treatment were subsequently examined using an immunocytochemical stain to determine apoptosis among tumor cells. The percentage of positively stained cells was expressed as the apoptotic index. We compared the survival rate of these 11 patients with the survival rate of a second group of 11 patients with malignant pleuritis who underwent surgical resection of the primary lesion but who did not receive the perfusion treatment (control group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio of spontaneous apoptosis of untreated tumor cells was 2.8% +/- 2.0%. Following the perfusion, apoptosis among tumor cells was 25.2% +/- 4.6%, clearly a significant increase. While the median survival time for patients receiving the perfusion treatment was 20 months, the median survival time for the control group was 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with malignant pleuritis, intrapleural hyperthermic perfusion with chemotherapy induced potent apoptosis of tumor cells in the pleural cavity and also improved the survival rate of these patients as compared with patients who did not receive the perfusion treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan. yasu@med.miyazaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edagawa
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ayabe
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Onitsuka
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D015993:Life Tables; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D002945:Cisplatin