title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: report of 100 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is not yet widespread in Japan. After our first hand-assisted laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (HALapNx) in 2001, we report our 100 cases and examine the possibility of making this technique widely available in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  HALapNx was performed in 100 cases (44 males and 56 females) from February 2001 through July 2003. The operative procedure for HALapNx was briefly described here. First, 2 12-mm ports were placed in the midaxillary line at the superior and inferior level of the umbilicus. Next, a 5-cm incision was made in the midline periumbilicus and the hand port system was fitted through the abdominal incision. After 10 mm Hg pneumoperitoneum, HALapNx begins with mobilization of the left colon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HALapNx was completed successfully in all cases and no patients required conversion to laparotomy. The estimated blood loss was 33.5 +/- 40.3 g and no patient required blood transfusion. The mean operative time was 168.8 +/- 47.6 minutes, and there was no major complication in a donor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HALapNx is technically feasible and may offer several advantages over open donor nephrectomy in terms of less blood loss, less postoperative pain, and minimal cosmetic disfigurement. In Japan, laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is not yet widespread, possibly due to the need for surgical laparoscopic skills. We believe that the best way to make laparoscopic donor naphrectomy widely available is through hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. nakajima@kc.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tojimbara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fuchinoue
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teraoka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome