Calcium and dairy products inhibit weight and fat regain during ad libitum consumption following energy restriction in Ap2-agouti transgenic mice.
We demonstrated previously that dietary calcium suppression of calcitriol reduces adipocyte Ca(2+), suppresses lipogenesis, and increases lipid utilization during energy restriction. Notably, dairy calcium sources exert markedly greater effects. To determine the effects of dietary calcium and dairy products on energy partitioning during subsequent refeeding, we induced obesity in aP2-agouti transgenic mice with a high-fat/high-sucrose diet, then restricted energy intake from a high-calcium (1.3%) diet for 6 wk to induce fat loss, and then provided free access to a low-calcium (0.4%) diet or to high-calcium (1.3%) diets that utilized either calcium-fortified foods or dairy products (milk or yogurt) for 6 wk. Refeeding the low-calcium diet caused the regain of all weight and fat, whereas all high-calcium diets reduced fat gain by 55% (P < 0.01). All high-calcium diets stimulated adipose tissue uncoupling protein (UCP)2 and skeletal muscle UCP3 expression (P < 0.001) and slightly increased core temperature (P = 0.136), but only the dairy-based diets elicited a marked (>10-fold, P < 0.001) increase in skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha expression. All 3 high-calcium diets produced significant increases in lipolysis, decreases in fatty acid synthase expression and activity, and reduced fat regain (P < 0.03), but the 2 dairy-containing high-calcium diets exerted significantly greater effects on regain (P < 0.01). Thus, high-Ca diets elicit a shift in energy partitioning and reduction of weight gain during refeeding, with dairy Ca sources exerting markedly greater effects.
Sun
Xiaocun
X
Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Zemel
Michael B
MB
D017667:Adipocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D054366:Agouti Signaling Protein; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003611:Dairy Products; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases / Q000235:genetics; D005527:Food, Fortified; D015870:Gene Expression; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007473:Ion Channels; D008066:Lipolysis; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3
D054366:Agouti Signaling Protein; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; C000604390:Ucp2 protein, mouse; C000604393:Ucp3 protein, mouse; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D000071247:Uncoupling Protein 3; D064429:Fatty Acid Synthases; D002118:Calcium