title: Ex vivo responsiveness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to glufosfamide, a novel alkylating agent.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Glufosfamide is a novel alkylating agent in which the active metabolite of isophosphoramide mustard is glycosidically linked to beta-D-glucose. Targeting the elevated glucose uptake of tumor cells expressing the SAAT1 glucose transporter, glufosfamide represents an attractive new drug for cancer chemotherapy. The present study investigates the ex vivo responsiveness of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) specimens to glufosfamide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one unselected HNSCC specimens were investigated using a novel ex vivo colony formation assay to determine the epithelial drug response. The individual responsiveness to glufosfamide and to cis-platinum was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five out of 21 evaluable HNSCC specimens were sensitive to glufosfamide. There was a tendency for glufosfamide sensitivity in platinum-resistant specimens and vice versa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effectiveness of glufosfamide observed in the present ex vivo study suggests at least an equipotentiality of glufosfamide in comparison to cis-platinum. The potential clinical usefulness of glufosfamide in HNSCC warrants further evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Gernany. Ralph.Dollner@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dollner
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Marijana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kopun
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helbig
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wallner
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granzow
mesh_terms: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005947:Glucose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D010752:Phosphoramide Mustards / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D010752:Phosphoramide Mustards; C092028:beta-D-glucosylisophosphoramide mustard; D005947:Glucose; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide