title: Quantitative fish determination of chromosome 3 arm imbalances in lung tumors by automated image cytometry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clonal heterogeneity is a major difficulty in the analysis of chromosome rearrangements within tumor tissue. Using in situ hybridization, a cell-to-cell analysis can be performed and should allow a better understanding of the genetic process. In addition, detection of pre-neoplastic lesions with only a few cells involved may improve the diagnosis of such lesions and their precocious treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Automated analysis was performed on tissue sections with our previously described two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization-based method for quantitative determination of chromosome arm imbalance. The imbalance between the long and short arms of chromosome 3 was determined in 24 cases of non-small-cell and small-cell lung cancers in which only small snap-frozen sections were used, allowing other simultaneous molecular analyses, such as TP53 gene mutation detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specifically developed software allowed localization of each nucleus within the section with regard to its chromosome imbalance and to reconstitute a multi-clonal panel within an apparently homogeneous sample. In some cases, discrepancies in the imbalance values were observed between the biopsy and the tumor obtained after surgery from the same patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The discrepancies observed between biopsies and tumors, likely linked to the samples' heterogeneity, demonstrate the necessity to analyze tissue sections collected at various locations. The fully automated approach developed in this study rendered such investigations possible.
authors.affiliation: Instabilité du Génome et Cancer, FRE 2584 CNRS-Institut Curie and 2 IMSTAR, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Khuong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Truong
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gibaud
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zalcman
authors.forename: Marie Noëlle
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Guilly
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antoine
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Commo
authors.forename: Coralie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fouquet
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cadranel
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soussi
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dutrillaux
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malfoy
mesh_terms: D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D043171:Chromosomal Instability / Q000235:genetics; D002893:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019044:Image Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation