Monotherapy in advanced prostate cancer: an overview.
Prostate cancer is the second leading malignancy in men associated with an enormous research interest in all aspects of the disease. It is well recognized that the regulation of prostatic growth is a complicated biological process. Further more the androgenic dependence of the advanced prostate cancer is well know and in the last 50 years significant progresses regarding the principle of deprivation of androgens for the treatment of the disease occured. Prostate cancer is now diagnosed in earlier stages and treatment results in increased potential for cure or extension of overall survival. Unfortunately, every treatment for prostate cancer has adverse effects with negative impact in health-related quality of life. Surgical or pharmacological castration has a significant negative impact on quality of life in patients with prostate cancer (loss of sexuality, osteoporosis, and loss of muscle mass, e.g.). Antiandrogen monotherapy is considered to be a treatment in well-informed patients who wish to remain sexually active, can be administered orally, and is well tolerated by patients with prostate cancer. This review is focused on antiandrogen monotherapy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Baltogiannis
Dimitrios
D
Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece. dbaltog@cc.uoi.gr.
Giannakopoulos
Xenophon
X
Charalabopoulos
Kostas
K
Sofikitis
Nikolaos
N
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000813:Anilides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000097:blood; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005485:Flutamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists; D006801:Humans; D048289:Imidazolidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010166:Palliative Care; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014105:Tosyl Compounds
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000813:Anilides; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D004967:Estrogens; D048289:Imidazolidines; D009570:Nitriles; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D013739:Testosterone; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate; C021277:nilutamide; D005485:Flutamide; C053541:bicalutamide