Personality and transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analysis.
This study was a meta-analysis of the relationship between personality and ratings of transformational and transactional leadership behaviors. Using the 5-factor model of personality as an organizing framework, the authors accumulated 384 correlations from 26 independent studies. Personality traits were related to 3 dimensions of transformational leadership--idealized influence-inspirational motivation (charisma), intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration--and 3 dimensions of transactional leadership--contingent reward, management by exception-active, and passive leadership. Extraversion was the strongest and most consistent correlate of transformational leadership. Although results provided some support for the dispositional basis of transformational leadership--especially with respect to the charisma dimension--generally, weak associations suggested the importance of future research to focus on both narrower personality traits and nondispositional determinants of transformational and transactional leadership.
Bono
Joyce E
JE
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. jbono@umn.edu
Judge
Timothy A
TA
D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D010551:Personality; D012044:Regression Analysis