title: AdVEGF165 gene transfer increases survival in overdimensioned skin flaps.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis. VEGF A also plays an important role in wound healing of the skin by promoting angiogenesis and by stimulating blood vessel growth. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that flap survival could be increased by the preoperative injection of AdVEGF(165).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the effect of AdVEGF(165) in an overdimensioned ischemic random-pattern-flap model in the rat (n = 50) with a length-to-width ratio of 4 : 1. VEGF cDNA was administered in two concentrations of 5 x 10(8) plaque-forming units (pfU) and 1 x 10(9) pfU using a recombinant adenoviral vector. Recombinant virus was injected subdermally 7, 3 or 0 days prior to flap harvest for the lower concentration and 7 days prior for the higher concentration. Flap survival and necrosis were observed at day 7, the day the animals were sacrificed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adenoviral gene transfer with VEGF(165) 3 and 7 days before flap harvest showed a significantly increased flap survival of 50% together with a significantly reduced necrosis (p < 0.01). Injection using a titer of 1 x 10(9) pfU 7 days prior to surgery increased flap survival even more, though failing to reach statistical significance compared to the lower concentration. VEGF protein concentration in the injected skin was significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.01). Flap perfusion was increased as well, demonstrated by indocyanine green (ICG) fluoroscopy (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm the important role of VEGF(165) on angiogenesis in ischemic flaps. Indeed by injecting VEGF(165) at 3 to 7 days preoperatively in a concentration of 1 x 10(9) pfU our data show that length-to-width ratio for random-pattern-flaps could be increased from 2 : 1 to 3 : 1 and therefore may allow a wider range of applications of this simple flap technique.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Rechts der Isar Hospital, University of Technology, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany. R.Giunta@lrz.tu-muenchen.de
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Giunta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Holzbach
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taskov
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Konerding
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schams
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Biemer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gänsbacher
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D007208:Indocyanine Green