title: [Lead level, enamel defects and dental caries in deciduous teeth].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the relationship between lead concentration in the enamel of deciduous teeth and the presence of enamel defects and, consequently, with dental caries among preschool children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 329 preschool children in Piracicaba, State of São Paulo: 132 attending municipal kindergartens close to industrial plants and 197 attending kindergartens in non-industrial areas. This sample belonged to an initial study made between 2000 and 2001, in which the lead concentration was obtained by means of enamel biopsy. Oral clinical examination of the children from both regions was performed to verify the prevalence of enamel defects, using the Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) Index of the World Dental Federation (FDI), and of dental caries, using the decayed, missing and filled surfaces (dmfs) index of the World Health Organization. The chi-squared test and relative risk calculation were utilized in relation to a significance level of 5%, considering each region separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the children from the non-industrial area, there was a higher proportion with dental caries among those with higher lead concentrations in deciduous teeth (p=0.02). This was not, however, observed among the children from the industrial area (p=0.89). There was an increased relative risk (RR) of caries among the children from the non-industrial area, but this was not seen among the children from the industrial area. No relationship was observed between the presence of lead and enamel defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No data was found that would give evidence of a relationship between lead concentration and enamel defects in either of the areas studied. No relationship was found between lead and dental caries in the industrial area, thus emphasizing that more studies of such relationships are needed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Odontologia Social, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane Elisângela
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Gomes
authors.forename: Ronaldo S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Jaime Aparecido
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cury
authors.forename: Maria da Luz Rosário de
authors.initials: Mda L
authors.lastname: Sousa
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D007854:Lead