title: Incidence and location of bone bruises after acute posterior cruciate ligament injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients suffering from an anterior cruciate ligament injury, the incidence and location of bone bruises are well documented. This study reports data regarding bone bruises after acute posterior cruciate ligament injury.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Bone bruises associated with posterior cruciate ligament injury are common, and their location differs from those seen with anterior cruciate ligament injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five consecutive patients were identified as having a grade II or III posterior cruciate ligament tear, with an intact anterior cruciate ligament, in which a magnetic resonance imaging scan had been obtained within 20 days of injury. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were reviewed to document bone bruises, associated medial or lateral ligamentous injury, and meniscal and chondral abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 35 patients, 29 (83%) had a bone bruise in at least one location. Bone bruises were found throughout the joint, more widely dispersed than is commonly seen with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Also, 29 patients had magnetic resonance imaging findings of associated ligamentous injury. Lateral bone bruises were associated with medial collateral ligament injury, whereas medial bone bruises correlated with posterolateral injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of bone bruises associated with posterior cruciate ligament injury is similar to that seen with anterior cruciate ligament injury. Their location is more widely dispersed. The location of a bone bruise should lead to careful magnetic resonance imaging inspection and physical examination for ligamentous injury to the opposite side of the joint. Truly isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries are rare, as most occur with osseous and some degree of associated ligamentous injury.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA. smair2@uky.edu <smair2@uky.edu>
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mair
authors.forename: Theodore F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Schlegel
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: J Richard
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Steadman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000293:injuries*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003288:Contusions / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016119:Posterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries