title: A case of primary cutaneous aspergillosis in a renal transplant recipient.
abstract: Opportunistic fungal infections are life-threatening complications which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromized hosts such as those who have undergone organ transplantation. Aspergillosis comprises a spectrum of disease caused by a ubiquitous saprophytic mold. Invasive aspergillus is a serious life-threatening complication in immunocompromised hosts. Primary cutaneous aspergillosis occurs relatively less frequently and is poorly characterized. We report a case of cutaneous aspergillosis in a 51-year-old renal transplant recipient, which was successfully treated with local excision and concomitant antifungal therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 51-year-old male renal transplant recipient presented with cutaneous nodules on the dorsum of the right hand. He underwent renal transplantation for end-stage renal disease due to adult dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) 3 years prior. Initially he suffered an acute rejection episode that was treated with steroid pulse and OKT3 therapy. Eventually he was stabilized on a combination of tacrolimus, prednisone, and mycophenolate mofetil. Three years after transplantation, he developed painless multiple (largest one 5 x 3 cm sized) nodules on the dorsum of his right hand. He was afebrile with no systemic symptoms. A skin biopsy showed a dense solid infiltration of giant cells, histiocytes, and lymphoplasma cells admixed with intra- and extracellular fungal hyphae and spores. The hyphae were septate and acute angle branching, which was consistent with aspergillosis. Oral itraconazole 200 mg/d for 5 weeks was ineffective. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B for 4 weeks was initiated and MMF was discontinued. The medication was well tolerated with no hepatotoxic effects. Although new lesions did not appear, existing ones did not significantly improve after 4 weeks of treatment. Therefore, most lesions were excised surgically and liposomal amphotericin B continued for 2 weeks followed by treatment with oral fluconazole for 2 months. Ten moths later there was no evidence of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea. cecil95@dsmc.or.kr
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Whang
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole