title: Acute and chronic effects of clofibrate and clofibric acid on the enzymes acetylcholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and catalase of the mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki.
abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate both acute and chronic effects of clofibrate and clofibric acid on the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and catalase (CAT) of the mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki). AChE, commonly used as a biomarker of neurotoxicity, was determined in the total head. LDH, an important enzyme of anaerobic metabolism, was quantified in dorsal muscle, and CAT, enzyme which has been used as indicative parameter of peroxisome proliferation, was determined in the liver. Furthermore, alterations of body and liver weight were also determined, through the calculation of the ratios final body weight/initial body weight, liver weight/final body weight, liver weight/gills weight and liver weight/head weight. Acute exposure of G. holbrooki to both clofibrate and clofibric acid induced a decrease in liver CAT activity, an increase in muscle LDH activity, while no effects were observed on AChE activity. However, chronic exposure did not alter significantly the enzymatic activities, suggesting reduced or null effects over these pathways, relative to effects reported in other species. No effects were observed for the calculated ratios, except a significant weight reduction for males chronically exposed to clofibrate.
authors.affiliation: ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Departamento de Estudos de Populações, Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal. brunonumes@cimar.org
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nunes
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guilhermino
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002994:Clofibrate / Q000633:toxicity*; D002995:Clofibric Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D003532:Cyprinodontiformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D009929:Organ Size; D012737:Sex Factors; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002995:Clofibric Acid; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D002994:Clofibrate