title: Evolution of transcriptional control of the IgH locus: characterization, expression, and function of TF12/HEB homologs of the catfish.
abstract: The transcriptional enhancer (Emu3') of the IgH locus of the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, differs from enhancers of the mammalian IgH locus in terms of its position, structure, and function. Transcription factors binding to multiple octamer motifs and a single muE5 motif (an E-box site, consensus CANNTG) interact for its function. E-box binding transcription factors of the class I basic helix-loop-helix family were cloned from a catfish B cell cDNA library in this study, and homologs of TF12/HEB were identified as the most highly represented E-proteins. Two alternatively spliced forms of catfish TF12 (termed CFEB1 and -2) were identified and contained regions homologous to the basic helix-loop-helix and activation domains of other vertebrate E-proteins. CFEB message is widely expressed, with CFEB1 message predominating over that of CFEB2. Both CFEB1 and -2 strongly activated transcription from a muE5-dependent artificial promoter. In catfish B cells, CFEB1 and -2 also activated transcription from the core region of the catfish IgH enhancer (Emu3') in a manner dependent on the presence of the muE5 site. Both CFEB1 and -2 bound the muE5 motif, and formed both homo- and heterodimers. CFEB1 and -2 were weakly active or inactive (in a promoter-dependent fashion) in mammalian B-lineage cells. Although E-proteins have been highly conserved in vertebrate evolution, the present results indicate that, at the phylogenetic level of a teleost fish, the TF12/HEB homolog differs from that of mammals in terms of 1) its high level of expression and 2) the presence of isoforms generated by alternative RNA processing.
authors.affiliation: Center for Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29407, USA.
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hikima
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cioffi
authors.forename: Darlene L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: Melanie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Norman W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: L William
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Clem
authors.forename: Gregory W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Warr
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000276:immunology; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D007059:Ictaluridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007148:Immunoglobulin mu-Chains / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005819:Genetic Markers; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D007148:Immunoglobulin mu-Chains; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012322:RNA Precursors; D014157:Transcription Factors; C073366:TCF12 protein, human