title: Magnetic resonance imaging of the levator veli palatini muscle before and after primary palatoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with cleft palate before and after primary palatoplasty with particular attention focused on the levator veli palatini muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study using MRIs of subjects before and after primary cleft palate surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hospital and university based.
  
  
  METHODS
  One female infant with normal anatomy. Three male and four female infants with cleft palate of varying severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty and V-Y palatoplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It was found that the levator veli palatini muscle can be imaged before and after palatal surgery in infants using MRI. The muscle may have sufficient volume, proportionate to a normal infant or adult, in infants born with cleft palate. If retrodisplaced properly, the muscle is likely to be steeper (more vertical) from its origin at the base of the skull to its insertion into the velum following palatoplasty, thus providing a more favorable angle for elevating the velum. Following palatal surgery, the levator muscle mass may not be as cohesive across the velar midline, compared with normal musculature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI is a viable imaging modality for the evaluation of the anatomy of the levator veli palatini muscle before and after primary palatoplasty in infants born with cleft palate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. dkuehn@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kuehn
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Ettema
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Goldwasser
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Barkmeier
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010156:Palatal Muscles / Q000473:pathology*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002697:Chloral Hydrate