title: Molecular profiling of inflammatory breast cancer: identification of a poor-prognosis gene expression signature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare but particularly aggressive form of primary breast cancer. The molecular mechanisms responsible for IBC are largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  To obtain further insight into the molecular pathogenesis of IBC, we used real-time quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR to quantify the mRNA expression of 538 selected genes in IBC relative to non-IBC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-seven (5.0%) of the 538 genes were significantly up-regulated in IBC compared with non-IBC. None were down-regulated. The 27 up-regulated genes mainly encoded transcription factors (JUN, EGR1, JUNB, FOS, FOSB, MYCN, and SNAIL1), growth factors (VEGF, DTR/HB-EGF, IGFBP7, IL6, ANGPT2, EREG, CCL3/MIP1A, and CCL5/RANTES) and growth factor receptors (TBXA2R, TNFRSF10A/TRAILR1, and ROBO2). We also identified a gene expression profile, based on MYCN, EREG, and SHH, which discriminated subgroups of IBC patients with good, intermediate, and poor outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study has identified a limited number of signaling pathways that require inappropriate activation for IBC development. Some of the up-regulated genes identified here could offer useful diagnostic or prognostic markers and could form the basis of novel therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Oncogénétique - INSERM E0017, Centre René Huguenin, St-Cloud, France. i.bieche@stcloud-huguenin.org
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bièche
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lerebours
authors.forename: Sengül
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tozlu
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Espie
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.forename: Rosette
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lidereau
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger