title: Cell cycle arrest in G2 induces human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcriptional activation through histone acetylation and recruitment of CBP, NF-kappaB, and c-Jun to the long terminal repeat promoter.
abstract: In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected cells, a cell cycle arrest in G(2) increases viral expression and may represent a strategy for the virus to optimize its expression. In latently infected cells, balance between viral silencing and reactivation relies on the nucleosomal organization of the integrated long terminal repeat (LTR). It is shown here that nucleosome nuc-1, which is located downstream of the TATA box, is specifically modified when latently infected cells are arrested in G(2) by chemical inducers. Notably, histones H3 and H4 are hyperacetylated, and this modification is associated with an increased LTR-driven transcription. nuc-1 hyperacetylation is also associated with the recruitment of histone acetyltransferase CBP and transcription factors NF-kappaB and c-Jun. NF-kappaB and/or c-Jun binding to the LTR in G(2)-arrested cells appears to be required for CBP recruitment as well as for nuc-1 remodeling and viral reactivation.
authors.affiliation: UMR 7079, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 7 quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thierry
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marechal
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenzwajg
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sabbah
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Redeuilh
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nicolas
authors.forename: Joël
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gozlan
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D003345:Corticosterone; D016195:G2 Phase; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000502:physiology*; D020079:Terminal Repeat Sequences; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014775:Virus Activation
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006657:Histones; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D003345:Corticosterone