title: Bispectral index and A-line AAI index as guidance for desflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia compared with a standard practice group: a multicentre study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to investigate the impact of bispectral index (BIS) or A-line AAI index (based on middle-latency auditory evoked potential) monitoring on recovery times and drug consumption when compared with standard anaesthetic practice during desflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  After having obtained approval from the institutional review board and written informed consent, 200 adult patients undergoing minor surgical procedures were randomized to receive a desflurane-remifentanil anaesthetic controlled either solely by clinical parameters or by BIS or AAI to the following target values: during maintenance of anaesthesia to a value of '50' (BIS) or '30' (AAI), 15 min before the end of surgery to '60' (BIS) or '45' (AAI). Recovery times and drug consumption were recorded by a blinded investigator.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with standard practice, patients with BIS or AAI monitoring needed similar desflurane concentrations (standard practice 2.9 [0.5] vol%, BIS 3.3 [0.9] vol%, AAI 2.6 [0.5] vol%), and had similar recovery times (open eyes 5.6 [2.5] min, 5.9 [3.4] min, 5.0 [3.1] min; extubation 6.3 [2.4] min, 6.6 [3.5] min, 5.6 [3.0] min; stating name 7.3 [2.4] min, 7.6 [3.5] min, 7.3 [6.6] min).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with standard anaesthetic practice BIS and AAI guided titration to the used target ranges did not result in a reduction of desflurane consumption or recovery times during minor surgery with use of remifentanil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany. jbruhn@mailer.meb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bruhn
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kreuer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grzesiak
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077335:Desflurane; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013511:Minor Surgical Procedures; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077208:Remifentanil
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D000077208:Remifentanil