title: Differentially expressed protein markers in human submandibular and sublingual secretions.
abstract: Proteome analysis of secretions from individual salivary glands is important for understanding the health of the oral cavity and pathogenesis of certain diseases. However, cross-contamination of submandibular (SM) and sublingual (SL) glandular secretions can occur. The close anatomic relationship of the SM and SL ductal orifices can lead to such contamination. Additionally, these glands may share common ducts. To insure the purity of SM/SL secretions for proteomic analysis, it is important to develop unique biomarkers which could be used to verify the integrity of the individual glandular saliva. In this study, a proteomics approach based on mass spectrometry and gel electrophoresis techniques was utilized to identify and verify a set of proteins (cystatin C, calgranulin B and MUC5B mucin), which are differentially expressed in SM/SL secretions. SM/SL fluids were obtained from nine healthy subjects. Cystatin C was found to be an SM-selective protein as it was found in all SM fluids but not detected in two SL fluids. MUC5B mucin and calgranulin B, on the other hand, were found to be SL-selective proteins. All SL samples contained MUC5B mucin, whereas MUC5B mucin was not detected in four SM samples. Eight of the SL samples contained calgranulin B; however, calgranulin B was absent in eight SM samples. This set of protein markers, especially calgranulin B, can be used to determine the purity of SM/SL samples, and therefore identify potential individuals who do not exhibit cross-contaminated SM/SL secretions, an important requirement for subsequent proteome analysis of pure SM and SL secretions.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denny
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denny
authors.forename: Yongming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Lawrence E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: Rachel R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Ogorzalek Loo
authors.forename: Mavash
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navazesh
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D040502:Calgranulin B / Q000032:analysis*; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000032:analysis*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D055257:Mucin-5B; D009077:Mucins / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013361:Sublingual Gland / Q000378:metabolism*; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C525030:CST3 protein, human; D040502:Calgranulin B; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; C524578:MUC5B protein, human; D055257:Mucin-5B; D009077:Mucins