title: Superstition and post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to determine whether post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages occur more frequently in redheaded children, in patterns of threes, on Friday-the-13th days, or with the full moon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors performed multiple statistical analyses of all children undergoing tonsillectomy at Temple University Children's Medical Center (Philadelphia, PA) during a 29-month period. Children readmitted to the hospital with or without surgical control of bleeding were compared with children who did not bleed. Relation of post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages to the phase of the moon was evaluated using a standard normal deviate. The frequency of surgery performed on Friday-the-13th days was compared with a differently dated Friday chosen at random. Clusters of three hemorrhages in a 7-day period were recorded. Families of children were contacted and asked whether their child had red hair. A chi analysis compared redheaded and non-redheaded tonsillectomy patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight of 589 tonsillectomy cases performed required readmission for bleeding events. Twenty tonsillectomies occurred on a full-moon day, resulting in one bleeding event. One cluster of three post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages occurred in a 7-day period. Four of the children who bled had red hair. Two tonsillectomies occurred on Friday the 13th, with no associated hemorrhage. Statistical analysis revealed a random pattern to post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhages do not occur in clusters of three and are not more frequent with the full moon or on Friday the 13th. The bleeding rate among children with red hair is similar to that of non-redheaded children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine and the Temple University Children's Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA.
authors.forename: Veena V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Naveen V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Isaacson
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D006200:Hair Color; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016081:Moon; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D013483:Superstitions; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*