title: Screening of olfactory function using the Biolfa olfactory test: investigations in patients with dysosmia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present a statistical evaluation of a new olfactory test, Biolfa.
  
  
  METHODS
  The olfactory test was carried out in individuals with normal olfactory function (n=67; 31 males; mean age 27.4 years) and in patients with mild, moderate or severe hyposmia (n=155; 61 males; mean age 54.6 years). The main diagnoses of the hyposmic patients were upper respiratory tract infection (32%), nasal polyposis (24%), head trauma (8%), idiopathic (8%), old age (5%) and chronic rhinitis (5%). In the first part of the test, olfactory thresholds were measured for three different substances (eugenol, aldehyde C14 and phenyl ethyl alcohol). The second part comprised an odor identification test for determining olfactory function for a large panel of common odors of Southern European countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean olfactory thresholds were determined for subjects with normal olfaction and hyposmic patients; there was a statistically significant relationship between olfactory thresholds and degree of olfaction (mild to moderate hyposmia versus severe hyposmia). For the odor identification test, a global score was determined to allow the differentiation of normosmic subjects from patients with mild, moderate or severe hyposmia. The principles of decision theory (i.e. analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve) were applied to the problem of evaluating the ability of Biolfa to distinguish subnormal subjects from hyposmic subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a basis for the routine clinical use of Biolfa.
authors.affiliation: ENT Research Laboratory and ENT Department, Formation Associée Claude Bernard Faculty Necker--Enfants Malades, Université René Descartes, European Hospital Georges Pompidou CNRS UPRESSA Clermont-Ferrand, Paris, France. pierre.bonfils@egp.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonfils
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faulcon
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Avan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009812:Odorants; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D012903:Smell