title: Performance evaluation of salivary amylase activity monitor.
abstract: In order to quantify psychological stress and to distinguish eustress and distress, we have been investigating the establishment of a method that can quantify salivary amylase activity (SMA). Salivary glands not only act as amplifiers of a low level of norepinephrine, but also respond more quickly and sensitively to psychological stress than cortisol levels. Moreover, the time-course changes of the salivary amylase activity have a possibility to distinguish eustress and distress. Thus, salivary amylase activity can be utilized as an excellent index for psychological stress. However, in dry chemistry system, a method for quantification of the enzymatic activity still needs to be established that can provide with sufficient substrate in a testing tape as well as can control enzymatic reaction time. Moreover, it is necessary to develop a method that has the advantages of using saliva, such as ease of collection, rapidity of response, and able to use at any time. In order to establish an easy method to monitor the salivary amylase activity, a salivary transcription device was fabricated to control the enzymatic reaction time. A fabricated salivary amylase activity monitor consisted of three devices, the salivary transcription device, a testing-strip and an optical analyzer. By adding maltose as a competitive inhibitor to a substrate Ga1-G2-CNP, a broad-range activity testing-strip was fabricated that could measure the salivary amylase activity with a range of 0-200 kU/l within 150 s. The calibration curve of the monitor for the salivary amylase activity showed R2=0.941, indicating that it was possible to use this monitor for the analysis of the salivary amylase activity without the need to determine the salivary volume quantitatively. In order to evaluate the assay variability of the monitor, salivary amylase activity was measured using Kraepelin psychodiagnostic test as a psychological stressor. A significant difference of salivary amylase activity was recognized between the pre-stress and mid-stress periods. This study demonstrated that broad-range salivary amylase activity monitor was developed that could be used with only 5 microl of saliva.
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama University, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan. yamag@eng.toyama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanemori
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanemaru
authors.forename: Noriyasu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000681:Amylases / Q000032:analysis*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010783:Photometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D000681:Amylases