title: High dose caffeine citrate for extubation of preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare two dosing regimens for caffeine citrate in the periextubation period for neonates born at less than 30 weeks gestation in terms of successful extubation and adverse effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicentre, randomised, double blind, clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four tertiary neonatal units within Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Infants born less than 30 weeks gestation ventilated for more than 48 hours.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two dosing regimens of caffeine citrate (20 v 5 mg/kg/day) for periextubation management. Treatment started 24 hours before a planned extubation or within six hours of an unplanned extubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Failure to extubate within 48 hours of caffeine loading or reintubation and ventilation or doxapram within seven days of caffeine loading.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 234 neonates were enrolled. A significant reduction in failure to extubate was shown for the 20 mg/kg/day dosing group (15.0% v 29.8%; relative risk 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31 to 0.85; number needed to treat 7 (95% CI 4 to 24)). A significant difference in duration of mechanical ventilation was shown for infants of less than 28 weeks gestation receiving the high dose of caffeine (mean (SD) days 14.4 (11.1) v 22.1 (17.1); p = 0.01). No difference in adverse effects was detected in terms of mortality, major neonatal morbidity, death, or severe disability or general quotient at 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This trial shows short term benefits for a 20 mg/kg/day dosing regimen of caffeine citrate for neonates born at less than 30 weeks gestation in the periextubation period, without evidence of harm in the first year of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology and Centre for Clinical Studies, University of Queensland, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Steer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Flenady
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shearman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henderson-Smart
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bury
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hegarty
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacklin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004315:Doxapram / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D019141:Respiratory System Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015300:Ventilator Weaning
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019141:Respiratory System Agents; D002110:Caffeine; D004315:Doxapram; C026189:caffeine citrate