title: Embryonic soluble HLA-G as a marker of developmental potential in embryos.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In human reproduction, embryo implantation is complex and poorly understood. At present, no single markers are used in routine treatment to assay biochemical functions of the human embryo. Soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) could be considered a possible marker of embryo developmental potential. It is localized primarily on the extravillous trophoblast, making this antigen a potential mediator of immune interaction at the maternal-fetal interface during gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Soluble-HLA-G levels were evaluated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) employing monoclonal antibody MEM-G9. It was evaluated in 318 media of single embryo cultures. We correlated the presence of sHLA-G with embryo morphology and the pregnancy obtained in that treatment cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No correlation was found between embryo morphology and sHLA-G levels. Pregnancy was observed only when the medium of at least one transferred embryo contained sHLA-G. In 26 out of 66 patients, none of the obtained embryos showed any detectable sHLA-G molecules and no pregnancy occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our results, we propose sHLA-G as a potential marker of embryo development: the sHLA-G ELISA can be a useful biochemical assay in addition to embryo morphology in embryo selection for transfer in IVF treatment if there are other embryos with the same morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecology, Perinatal Medicine and Human Reproduction, University of Firenze, Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Careggi Hospital, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Noci
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fuzzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rizzo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Melchiorri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Criscuoli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dabizzi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biagiotti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menicucci
authors.forename: O R
authors.initials: OR
authors.lastname: Baricordi
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000276:immunology*; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012995:Solubility; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003470:Culture Media; D006680:HLA Antigens; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I