title: Non-mitochondrial complex I proteins in a hydrogenosomal oxidoreductase complex.
abstract: Trichomonas vaginalis is a unicellular microaerophilic eukaryote that lacks mitochondria yet contains an alternative organelle, the hydrogenosome, involved in pyruvate metabolism. Pathways between the two organelles differ substantially: in hydrogenosomes, pyruvate oxidation is catalysed by pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), with electrons donated to an [Fe]-hydrogenase which produces hydrogen. ATP is generated exclusively by substrate-level phosphorylation in hydrogenosomes, as opposed to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. PFOR and hydrogenase are found in eubacteria and amitochondriate eukaryotes, but not in typical mitochondria. Analyses of mitochondrial genomes indicate that mitochondria have a single endosymbiotic origin from an alpha-proteobacterial-type progenitor. The absence of a genome in trichomonad hydrogenosomes precludes such comparisons, leaving the endosymbiotic history of this organelle unclear. Although phylogenetic reconstructions of a few proteins indicate that trichomonad hydrogenosomes share a common origin with mitochondria, others do not. Here we describe a novel NADH dehydrogenase module of respiratory complex I that is coupled to the central hydrogenosomal fermentative pathway to form a hydrogenosomal oxidoreductase complex that seems to function independently of quinones. Phylogenetic analyses of hydrogenosomal complex I-like proteins Ndh51 and Ndh24 reveal that neither has a common origin with mitochondrial homologues. These studies argue against a vertical origin of trichomonad hydrogenosomes from the proto-mitochondrial endosymbiont.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, 1602 Molecular Sciences Building, 609 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1489, USA.
authors.forename: Sabrina D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Dyall
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Delgadillo-Correa
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lunceford
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Loo
authors.forename: Catherine F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006864:Hydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007658:Ketone Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015388:Organelles / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D050743:Pyruvate Synthase; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D013559:Symbiosis; D014246:Trichomonas vaginalis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007506:Iron-Sulfur Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D006859:Hydrogen; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C118830:iron hydrogenase; D006864:Hydrogenase; D007658:Ketone Oxidoreductases; D050743:Pyruvate Synthase; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I