title: Exposure to hypomagnetic field space for multiple generations causes amnesia in Drosophila melanogaster.
abstract: This is the introduction of Drosophila into the study of learning and memory affected by removal of the geomagnetic field (GMF) for successive generations. Using the operant visual learning/memory paradigm at a flight simulator, the present study revealed that wild-type flies raised in a hypomagnetic field environment continuously for 10 successive generations were gradually impaired in visual conditioning learning and memory formation and finally the 10th generation flies became morphs of nonlearners and completely amnesiac. The control experiments show that the impairment could not be ascribed to any apparent sensorimotor problems in Drosophila. The reverse shift from hypomagnetic field (HMF) to natural GMF restored the GMF-free induced amnesia fully after six consecutive generations. Thus, our findings demonstrate conclusively that some serious, but reversible learning and memory impairment may occur for living organisms in a prolonged separation from GMF over many consecutive generations. And Drosophila has the potential to develop into a new model organism for the study of the neurobiology of magnetism for multiple generations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Visual Information Processing, Center for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, 15 Datum Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xi
authors.forename: Xianju
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shiyu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jinchang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Aike
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D015988:Cohort Effect; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008280:Magnetics