title: [Rectal tears in the horse: malpractice or an unfortunate accident?].
abstract: Rectal tears are a relatively rare complication of rectal palpation, mating or dystocia, and idiopathic spontaneous occurrence of rectal perforation has also been described. Rectal tears have been classified in a three or a four-grade system. Immediate recognition of the fact that a tear has been made and prompt action will improve the horses chance of survival, and is the best defence of the veterinarian against legislation. There is no clear explanation why rectal tears sometimes occur. A questionnaire of the Netherlands Equine Veterinary Association revealed that rectal tears occurred both to inexperienced veterinarians and to very experienced colleagues, working with or without a probe for ultrasonography. In the opinion of the authors, the approach in the legislation of rectal tears should be that a rectal tear is only considered 'malpractice' if the veterinarian obviously acted carelessly. However, this would create the ridiculous situation that it seems better for the veterinarian-client relationship when the veterinarian confesses to 'careless' rectal palpation. This point needs further clarification, and perhaps an 'insurance of the horse for rectal palpation' will be the solution. Further, retrospectively over the last ten years, the problem is often not 'making a rectal tear', but 'lacking recognition of making a tear'. Whenever a rectal tear is suspected, the veterinarian must assess its severity, discuss the problem openly with the owner and apply appropriate treatment including referral.
authors.affiliation: Faculteit der Diergeneeskunde, Utrecht.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boerma
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van Exel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van der Holst
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Merkens
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Muiswinkel
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Parlevliet
authors.forename: J W E
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: M L G
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Seuren-Coppens
authors.forename: L A J
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Smeenk
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: van der Weijden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006736:Horses / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D010173:Palpation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000662:veterinary*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012007:Rectum / Q000293:injuries*; D012421:Rupture / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D012422:Rupture, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D016019:Survival Analysis