title: Cancer/testis antigen expression and autologous humoral immunity to NY-ESO-1 in gastric cancer.
abstract: Gastric cancer has the highest mortality rate and the second-highest morbidity rate of all malignant tumors in China. Since cancer/testis (CT) antigens are expressed in various types of human tumors but generally not in normal tissue except for testis, they are promising antigens for cancer immunotherapy. NY-ESO-1, in particular, is the most immunogenic of the CT antigens. To study the feasibility of developing a CT antigen vaccine for gastric cancer, 101 gastric cancer samples were analyzed for the presence of NY-ESO-1 mRNA and that of 10 other CT antigen genes. Twelve out of 101 samples (11.9%) were found to be NY-ESO-1 mRNA-positive, 11 of them from advanced stage patients. In 7 of the 12 NY-ESO-1 mRNA-positive samples, the NY-ESO-1 protein was also detected by immunohistochemistry. An autologous humoral immune response to NY-ESO-1 was detected in 6 of 12 advanced stage NY-ESO-1 mRNA-positive patients, indicating that NY-ESO-1 is immunogenic in advanced stage gastric cancer. The serum from a patient with an NY-ESO-1 negative but LAGE-1 positive tumor was also found to be NY-ESO-1 antibody positive, possibly due to cross-reactivity between NY-ESO-1 and LAGE-1. All NY-ESO-1 mRNA-positive gastric cancer samples also expressed one to seven additional CT genes, revealing a tendency toward a clustered expression pattern, regardless of disease stage. About 74% of the samples expressed at least one CT antigen, most frequently MAGE-3 (41.6%). NY-ESO-1 and MAGE-3 are thus potential targets for a multivalent CT antigen vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Typing and Monitoring Laboratory, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100036, China.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xiao-Jiang
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ai-Lian
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yan-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Yao-Tseng
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Achim A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Jungbluth
authors.forename: Sacha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gnjatic
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.forename: Wei-Feng
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lloyd J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Old
authors.forename: Jia-Fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D000954:Antigens, Surface; C104948:CTAG1B protein, human; C510162:CTAG2 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger