title: [Giant cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the nose with subsequent brain extension].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is an invasive and destructive tumor, and may cause death by local extension or because of metastasis. We report the case of a patient with a giant squamous cell carcinoma of the nose and extension to the brain and discuss the main risk factors from this extension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resection of a giant squamous cell carcinoma was performed of the nose in a 45 year-old man after debulking radiotherapy. Histological examination disclosed a well-differentiated tumor and perineural involvement, with at least a 6 mm margin. A first relapse occurred on the orbital edge of the initial resection, the lesion was removed revealing an involvement of the infra-orbital nerve. Whilst the patient was receiving chemotherapy, a second relapse occurred responsible for ophthalmoplegia and loss of vision, with involvement of the left orbital apex, cavernous sinus and temporal lobe. The patient died from grand mal seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brain extension of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head is rare. It develops along the anatomic pathways, especially perineural spread. Main risk factors for such a poor course are discussed, including the size of tumor, the anatomic site, the depth and perineural invasion.
authors.affiliation: Département de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Laënnec, boulevard Laënnec, BP 72, 60109 Creil cedex, France. claude.bachmeyer@ch-creil.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bachmeyer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reynaert
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kazerouni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cazier
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000209:etiology; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery