title: Three-dimensional simulation of calcium waves and contraction in cardiomyocytes using the finite element method.
abstract: To investigate the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of Ca(2+) wave propagation, we developed a three-dimensional (3-D) simulator of cardiac myocytes, in which the sarcolemma, myofibril, and Z-line structure with Ca(2+) release sites were modeled as separate structures using the finite element method. Similarly to previous studies, we assumed that Ca(2+) diffusion from one release site to another and Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release were the basic mechanisms, but use of the finite element method enabled us to simulate not only the wave propagation in 3-D space but also the active shortening of the myocytes. Therefore, in addition to the dependence of the Ca(2+) wave propagation velocity on the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content and affinity of troponin C for Ca(2+), we were able to evaluate the influence of active shortening on the propagation velocity. Furthermore, if the initial Ca(2+) release took place in the proximity of the nucleus, spiral Ca(2+) waves evolved and spread in a complex manner, suggesting that this phenomenon has the potential for arrhythmogenicity. The present 3-D simulator, with its ability to study the interaction between Ca(2+) waves and contraction, will serve as a useful tool for studying the mechanism of this complex phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology of the Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan. okada@sml.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Seiryo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium