title: Occurrence of Cystosporogenes sp. (Protozoa, Microsporidia) in a multi-species insect production facility and its elimination from a colony of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
abstract: We have isolated a microsporidium from a laboratory colony of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Light and electron microscopic investigations showed that gross pathology and ultrastructure of our isolate are similar to those described for Cystosporogenes legeri from the European grape vine moth, Lobesia botrana. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit rDNA using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and neighbour joining distance methods revealed perfect homology with the C. legeri sequence. The microsporidian was infectious to other Choristoneura species, as well as Malacosoma disstria, Lymantria dispar, and Lambdina fiscellaria. Incubation of infected egg masses at 41 degrees C for 20 min followed by 30 min in 33% formaldehyde did not reduce disease incidence in larval offspring. Exposure of one or two generations to fumagillin at 6000 ppm or higher eliminated infection in adult moths, but also reduced colony fitness. A clean colony was established by conducting individual matings and selecting disease-free offspring.
authors.affiliation: Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., P6A 2E5, Canada. kvanfran@nrcan.gc.ca
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: van Frankenhuyzen
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ebling
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McCron
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ladd
authors.forename: Debbie
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vossbrinck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007300:Insect Control; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016814:Microsporidia / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012717:Sesquiterpenes
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C026211:fumagillin