title: [Study on the changes of electrocardiogram and ultrastructural in heroin dependence in rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the changes of electrocardiograms (ECG) and myocardial ultrastructure in heroin dependence in rats, in order to reveal the mechanisms of the myocardial injury by heroin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Establish heroin addict model in SD mice, investigate the changes in electrocardiograms, HE staining and myocardial ultrastructure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The electrocardiograms of the addict group had prominently changes, main expressions: heart rate decreased, P wave and T wave amplitude reduced and duration increased, S-T reduced and duration increased, QT interval prolongation, these changes indicated that myocardium had been injured, myocardial ischemia, ventricle function declined. These difference was significant (P<0.05) between before inject heroin and after inject heroin. Transformations in the ultrastructure: nuclear concentrate, reduce, nuclear membrane shrink, chromatin agglutinate, mitochondria cristal had disorder formation, disappeared or hollowed, these indicated that heroin could cause pathological changes in myocardial ultrastructure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Above-mentioned changes indicated that heroin can injure myocardium, and the changes of myocardial ultrastructure suggested that myocardial apoptosis may be one of the mechanisms of the myocardial injury by heroin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical Center of Zhongshan University, Guanzhou 510080, China. lxsa@gzsums.edu.cn
authors.forename: Xiao-shan
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu-chuang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhao-hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006339:Heart Rate; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley