title: Motivation of heroin-seeking elicited by drug-associated cues is related to total amount of heroin exposure during self-administration in rats.
abstract: Conditioned stimuli (CSs) previously associated with heroin are critically involved in activating long-lasting relapse and compulsive drug seeking. This study examined the magnitude of heroin seeking induced by drug-related cues in relation to the total amount of drug exposure during training. Five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6/group) were trained by the nose-poking response to self-administer different doses of heroin (0, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg per infusion respectively, one 4-h session daily, limited to 25 infusions per session) under an identical progressive ratio schedule with gradual incremental response requirements. All the rats established stable heroin self-administration within 14 days of self-administration training, and the time needed to obtain all the 25 heroin infusions decreased across sessions. After 14 days of abstinence, heroin seeking elicited by contextual cues (self-administration chamber) or discrete contingent CSs previously associated with heroin infusions was measured in two consecutive 1-h test phases. During both test phases, the rats trained with heroin even at the lowest dose (0.01 mg/kg) showed higher active responses than saline controls, and the active responses were also higher in rats trained with doses of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.10 mg/kg in comparison with those trained with a dose of 0.01 mg/kg. There was no observable dose-dependence increase of responses at doses above 0.025 mg/kg. The results suggested that an increased motivation to seek heroin induced by drug-related cues is associated with the total amount of heroin intake.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Ningbo Addiction Research and Treatment Center, 42 Xibeijie Street, Ningbo 315010, P. R. China. fqzhang@nbip.net
authors.forename: Fuqiang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenhua
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Shuaien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Miaojun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Huifen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guodong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003932:Heroin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012646:Self Administration; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D003932:Heroin