Direct automatic screening of soils for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on microwave-assisted extraction/fluorescence detection and on-line liquid chromatographic confirmation.
An integrated screening-confirmation system for PAHs in soils is presented. The sample screening configuration comprises on-line microwave-assisted extraction of the selected pollutants, followed by continuous preconcentration and sample clean-up on RP-C18. Those samples for which the total concentration is close to or above the threshold limit established (10 microg/g) are subjected to liquid chromatographic separation for confirmation. An evaluation of the qualitative data obtained was also carried out, by calculating the unreliability zone as well as the false positive and false negative rates. The whole method (extraction/determination/confirmation) was validated using industrial soil and harbour sediment certified reference materials (IRMM, European Commission CRM 524 and CRM 535). Application to the screening of solid environmental samples with subsequent confirmation of the results is also presented.
Criado
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A
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
Cárdenas
S
S
Gallego
M
M
Valcárcel
M
M
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D008872:Microwaves; D009862:Online Systems; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012015:Reference Standards; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants