title: Unfavorable effects of resistance training on central arterial compliance: a randomized intervention study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reductions in the compliance of central arteries exert a number of adverse effects on cardiovascular function and disease risk. Endurance training is efficacious in increasing arterial compliance in healthy adults. We determined the effects of resistance training on carotid arterial compliance using the intervention study design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight healthy men 20 to 38 years old were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=14) and the control group (n=14). Control subjects were instructed not to alter their normal activity levels throughout the study period. Intervention subjects underwent 3 supervised resistance training sessions per week for 4 months and detraining for a subsequent 4 months. The resistance training increased maximal strength in all muscle groups tested (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in baseline arterial compliance and beta-stiffness index between the intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, carotid arterial compliance decreased 19% (P<0.05), and beta-stiffness index increased 21% (P<0.01) after resistance training. These values returned completely to the baseline levels during the detraining period. Arterial compliance did not change in the control group. In both groups, there were no significant changes in brachial and carotid blood pressure, carotid intima-media thickness, lumen diameter, and femoral arterial compliance. Changes in carotid artery compliance were significantly and negatively related to corresponding changes in left ventricular mass index (r=-0.56, P<0.001) and left ventricular hypertrophy index (r=-0.68, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In marked contrast to the beneficial effect of regular aerobic exercise, several months of resistance training "reduces" central arterial compliance in healthy men.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan. miyachi@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyachi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Kouki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kouichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D003187:Compliance; D004548:Elasticity; D015444:Exercise; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000502:physiology; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014891:Weight Lifting