title: Panel of genes transcriptionally up-regulated in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix identified by representational difference analysis, confirmed by macroarray, and validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Pap smear is currently the most widely used method of screening for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCCC). Because it is based on cell morphology, it is subject to variability in interpretation. Sensitive molecular markers capable of differentiating cancerous samples from noncancerous ones would be beneficial in this regard.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed representational difference analysis (RDA) using paired, noncancerous (normal) and cancerous (disease) tissues taken from the same specimen obtained from a single patient with a confirmed diagnosis of SCCC. Linearly amplified cDNA from normal and diseased tissues of the original patient and seven others were hybridized to DNA macroarrays containing the candidate gene transcript fragments. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR was used to validate the macroarray results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RDA identified a candidate pool of 65 transcript fragments up-regulated in diseased tissue compared with normal tissue. Forty-one transcripts were found to be up-regulated in diseased compared with normal tissue in at least one half the patients by macroarray hybridization. Eleven of those genes were selected for real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis, and all were confirmed as transcriptionally up-regulated in cancer compared with normal tissue in at least one half the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RDA using tissues from a single patient identified gene fragments confirmed to be transcriptionally up-regulated in SCCC both in the original patient and in seven others. The confirmed genes have a variety of functions and also have the potential to serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr., Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Sgarlato
authors.forename: Catharine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Eastman
authors.forename: Howard H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sussman
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*