title: Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on secondary combustor/boiler ash from a rotary kiln burning hazardous waste.
abstract: Ash from the secondary combustor/boiler of a rotary kiln burning hazardous chemical waste was tested in the laboratory for its potential to form polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F). The ash contained only a small quantity of "native" PCDD/F, i.e., formed on the ash in the facility. However, it produced a considerable amount of these compounds when heated in 10% O(2)/N(2) under "de novo" conditions, i.e., with residual carbon (present on the ash as result of incomplete combustion) as the only organic material. The ash yielded PCDD/F for up to 90 min; gave PCDD/F yields proportional to the amount of ash used in the reaction bed; and displayed an optimum temperature range for formation (397-548 degrees C) higher than seen for most municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ashes. The role of copper and iron as catalytic material on the ash is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Ricketts Building, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Addink
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Altwicker
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002384:Catalysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D006256:Hazardous Waste / Q000032:analysis*; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D006256:Hazardous Waste; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D003300:Copper; C023614:dibenzofuran; D007501:Iron