title: Cellular basis of diabetic nephropathy: III. In vitro GLUT1 mRNA expression and risk of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Altered glucose transporter expression has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. There is increasing evidence that genetic factors convey risk of, or protection from, diabetic nephropathy and that the behaviour of cultured skin fibroblasts from type 1 diabetic patients may reflect these genetic influences. This study aimed to compare GLUT1 mRNA expression levels in skin fibroblasts from type 1 diabetic patients with either rapid ("fast-track", n=25) or slow ("slow-track", n=25) development of diabetic nephropathy and from non-diabetic normal control subjects (controls, n=25).
  
  
  METHODS
  Skin fibroblasts were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium with 25 mmol/l glucose for 36 h. Total RNA was isolated, and GLUT1 mRNA levels were estimated by microarray analysis and RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of GLUT1 mRNA expression in skin fibroblasts from "slow-track" patients were greater than those from "fast-track" patients (p=0.02), as initially detected by microarray. GLUT1 mRNA expression levels were confirmed by RT-PCR to be higher in skin fibroblasts from "slow-track" patients (4.59+/-2.04) than in those from "fast-track" patients (3.34+/-1.2, p=0.02), and were also higher than in skin fibroblasts from control subjects (3.52+/-1.66, p=0.03). There was no statistically significant difference between levels of expression in the "fast-track" patients and the control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding is consistent with the presence of cellular protection factors against diabetic nephropathy in the "slow-track" patients. These factors could be associated with the regulation of the GLUT1 pathway and may be genetically determined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Caramori
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human