title: Use of health and school-based services in Australia by young people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine use of health (including psychiatric) and school-based services by children and adolescents who met symptom criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the factors associated with service use, and barriers to service access.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationship between parents' perceptions of children's need for professional help, the impact of children's problems on children and parents, and services used during the previous 6 months were examined in a national sample of 398 children and adolescents with ADHD symptoms aged 6 to 17 years (70% response rate). Information was obtained from parents who completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV and standard questionnaires. Data collection took place between February and May 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 28% of those with ADHD symptomatology had attended health or school-based services. Among these, 41% had attended both health and school-based services, 39% had attended only health services, and 20% had attended only school-based services. Sixty-nine percent of parents attending health services wanted additional help. Parental perceptions that children needed professional help, children's functional impairment, the impact of problems on parents, and comorbid depressive or conduct disorders had a significant and independent relationship with service use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A minority of children and adolescents with ADHD symptomatology receives professional help for their problems in Australia. Counseling is the most frequent help provided, with many parents wanting additional help beyond that already provided. Factors other than children's ADHD symptomatology have a significant relationship with service attendance. Practical issues, including the cost of services and waiting lists are the most common barriers cited by parents as hindering access to services.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Adelaide University and the Research and Evaluation Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia. michael.sawyer@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Michael Gifford
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: Fiona Marie
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Arney
authors.forename: Justine Nikola
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Whitham
authors.forename: Jennifer Joy
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Peter Adrian
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Baghurst
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016497:Adolescent Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000628:therapy*; D001315:Australia; D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012572:School Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index