title: Drosophila Su(Hw) insulator can stimulate transcription of a weakened yellow promoter over a distance.
abstract: The insulator element from the gypsy transposon is a DNA sequence that blocks activation of a promoter by a transcriptional enhancer when placed between them. The insulator contains reiterated binding sites for the Suppressor of Hairy-wing [Su(Hw)] zinc-finger protein. A protein encoded by another gene, modifier of mdg4 [mod(mdg4)], is also required for the enhancer-blocking activity of the Su(Hw) insulator. Here we present evidence that the Su(Hw) insulator activates a weakened yellow promoter at a distance. Deletion of the upstream promoter region (UPR), located close by the TATA box, significantly reduces yellow expression. The Su(Hw) insulator placed at different positions relative to the yellow promoter partially compensates for loss of the UPR. Su(Hw) is able to stimulate yellow expression even if it is located at a 5-kb distance from the promoter. The stimulatory activity depends on the number of Su(Hw)-binding sites. Mutational analysis demonstrates that only the DNA-binding domain and adjacent regions of the Su(Hw) protein are required for stimulation of yellow transcription.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golovnin
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Melnick
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mazur
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Georgiev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D017931:DNA Primers; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D010641:Phenotype; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C101384:mod(mdg4) protein, Drosophila; C083738:su(Hw) protein, Drosophila; C050680:y protein, Drosophila