title: Individuals with type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms exhibited lower adherence with self-care.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our study aimed to determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with poor self-care behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects were 168 patients with diabetes, aged >30 years, who had a diabetes history of 1-15 years. Using a self-reported questionnaire, we evaluated diabetes self-care behaviors and depressive symptoms. Self-care behaviors were evaluated in five categories: medication taking, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), diet, exercise, and participation in patient education programs. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scales. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between self-care behaviors and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher depressive-symptom scores were associated with poor self-care behaviors, significantly with poor participation in education programs (odds ratio OR=1.21, 95% confidence interval CI=1.06-1.38) and poor diet (OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.01-1.22), and marginally with poor medication taking (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.00-1.31). Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with either SMBG or exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the evaluation and control of depressive symptoms among diabetic patients would improve their adherence to self-care behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical Research Center, Medical College, Ewha Womans University, 911-1 Mok-6-dong, Yangcheon-Gu, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea. bpark@ewha.ac.kr
authors.forename: Hyesook
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Youngsun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hyejin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Eunhee
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Yeonah
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents