title: A prospective study examining balance confidence among individuals with lower limb amputation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study we assessed whether balance confidence scores changed over a 2-year follow up period, and identified predictors of balance confidence and predictors of change in balance confidence among lower limb amputees.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective follow-up survey of 245 community living adults with unilateral below and above knee lower limb amputation who used their prosthetic limb daily was conducted. Balance confidence, assessed using the 16-item Activity-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, socio-demographic, health and amputation related variables were collected at baseline and 2 years later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ABC scores were similar at baseline (mean = 67.6; SD = 25.7) and follow up (mean = 68.0; SD = 25.8). Lower balance confidence scores at follow up were predicted by older age, being female, use of a mobility device, poor perceived health, increased symptoms of depression, having to concentrate while walking, and fear of falling (all p < 0.05). Predictors of change in balance confidence included gender and perceived health (all p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Balance confidence appears to be a persistent problem in the amputee population. Health professionals are encouraged to consider balance confidence as a potentially important variable that may influence function in this clinically unique group of individuals. The identified predictor variables may be useful to clinicians in targeting individuals who require attention to improve balance confidence.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada. bcmiller@telus.net
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Deathe
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000379:methods* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017755:Prosthesis Fitting; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*