title: Mechanisms of activation of NADPH oxidases.
abstract: The members of the NOX family of enzymes are expressed in a variety of tissues and serve a number of functions. There is a high level of conservation of primary protein sequence, as well as functional features, although specialized responses are beginning to emerge. In this context, our data demonstrate that the NOX1 cytoplasmic domains interact efficiently with the cytoplasmic subunits of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase and identify the second cytoplasmic loop of NOX electron transporters as a crucial domain for enzyme function. Studies of cytosolic co-factors showed that the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of NOX1 was absolutely required for activation with NOXO1 and NOXA1 and that this activity required interaction of the putative NADPH-binding region of this domain with NOXA1. Finally, we have provided the first example of how alternative splicing of a NOX co-factor may be involved in the regulation of NADPH oxidase function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA. clarkra@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Terry Kay
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Epperson
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Valente
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003067:Coenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004579:Electron Transport; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D005810:Multigene Family; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003067:Coenzymes; D019255:NADPH Oxidases