title: Birth weight is inversely correlated to adult systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in type 1 diabetes.
abstract: In the general population, there is an inverse relationship between birth weight and adult systolic blood pressure. Because blood pressure in diabetic patients at least in part seems to be regulated by different mechanisms than in nondiabetic subjects, it is not known whether a similar correlation exists in diabetic individuals. Therefore, we obtained data on birth weight from original birth certificates in 1543 type 1 diabetic patients. Blood pressure was measured auscultatorily on a single occasion. In the 1225 patients born at term (after 37 weeks of gestation), the age- and sex-adjusted regression coefficients between systolic blood pressure and birth weight was -1.90 mm Hg/kg (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.71 to -0.09). The finding remained unchanged after adjustment for body mass index, current smoking, duration of diabetes, social class, antihypertensive therapy, glomerular filtration rate, glycemic control, and elevated albuminuria. The regression coefficient between birth weight and pulse pressure was of a similar magnitude. The age-adjusted regression coefficient between systolic blood pressure and birth weight seemed stronger in females (-3.34 mm Hg/kg; 95% CI, -6.06 to -0.62) than in males (-0.42 mm Hg/kg; 95% CI, -2.80 to 1.95), although this difference was not statistically significant. As a new finding, we report an inverse relationship between weight at birth and systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in adult type 1 diabetic patients. Given the deleterious effects of elevated arterial blood pressure in diabetes, the impact of intrauterine growth retardation on the development of end-organ damage needs to be clarified.
authors.affiliation: Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fagerudd
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forsblom
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pettersson-Fernholm
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saraheimo
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wadén
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rönnback
authors.forename: Milla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosengård-Bärlund
authors.forename: Clas-Göran
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Af Björkesten
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thorn
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wessman
authors.forename: Per-Henrik
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Groop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001724:Birth Weight; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D011674:Pulse; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013599:Systole