title: The ATAC ('Arimidex', Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination) adjuvant breast cancer trial: baseline endometrial sub-protocol data on the effectiveness of transvaginal ultrasonography and diagnostic hysteroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 'Arimidex', Tamoxifen, Alone or in Combination (ATAC) trial is a randomized, double-blind trial comparing anastrozole ('Arimidex'), alone or in combination with tamoxifen, relative to tamoxifen alone as 5 year adjuvant treatment for post-menopausal women with early breast cancer. Since tamoxifen is associated with endometrial pathology, the ATAC endometrial sub-protocol was initiated to establish the background prevalence of intrauterine pathology, and to assess prospectively the incidence and nature of intrauterine changes following endocrine therapy. Another aim was to provide data from which advice could be generated on the best endometrium screening method for patients receiving tamoxifen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent endometrial assessments at entry to the sub-protocol. The baseline investigations comprised transvaginal ultrasound scanning (TVUS), a hysteroscopy and an endometrial biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 285 gynaecologically asymptomatic women from 31 centres in 10 countries entered the endometrial sub-protocol. The mean uterine volume was 47.7 cm3. The median endometrial thickness overall was 3 mm. Twenty-four histologically confirmed, pathological changes were observed. Twenty-three pathologies were confirmed by TVUS, and 21 were identified by hysteroscopy and confirmed by histopathology. Women with or without intrauterine pathology had median endometrial thickness of 5 and 3 mm respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of pathology was associated with increased endometrial thickness. The relative sensitivity and specificity of hysteroscopy and endometrial thickness for the diagnosis of endometrial pathology was comparable to other studies. If screening of the endometrium prior to treatment is appropriate, this study supports the use of an endometrial thickness of 3 mm, as assessed by TVUS, as a threshold for needing further investigation. This study demonstrates that if the endometrial thickness is >3 mm, hysteroscopy and biopsy is the optimal method of detecting intrauterine pathology in women with breast cancer who are about to commence endocrine treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St James' University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. Medsrd@stjames.leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lansdown
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Clack
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coibion
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Bianco
mesh_terms: D000077384:Anastrozole; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009570:Nitriles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D009570:Nitriles; D014230:Triazoles; D013629:Tamoxifen; D000077384:Anastrozole