title: Effects of Anacardium occidentale stem bark extract on in vivo inflammatory models.
abstract: The methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale stem bark was evaluated for activities against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic shock, as well as LPS-induced microvascular permeability in mice. Pre-treatment with Anacardium occidentale extract (25-200 mg/kg) caused a dose-dependent and significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the elevated levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in the sera of D-galactosamine-primed mice injected with LPS. The highest dose of the extract studied (200 mg/kg) produced a 100% protection against death from sepsis. Pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg) and L-NAME (5 mg/kg) offered 100% protection against LPS-induced septic shock, and produced marked reduction in elevated levels of transferases. A dose-related inhibition of LPS-induced microvascular permability in mice was also produced by pentoxifylline, L-NAME and the extract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. olumayokun.olajide@cup.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Olumayokun A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Olajide
authors.forename: Mutallib A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Aderogba
authors.forename: Aduragbenro D A
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Adedapo
authors.forename: Janet M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Makinde
mesh_terms: D031021:Anacardium; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018547:Plant Stems
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010936:Plant Extracts