title: Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase by analogues of 2-arachidonoylglycerol.
abstract: The pharmacology of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is not well understood. In consequence, the abilities of a series of analogues of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) to inhibit cytosolic 2-oleoylglycerol and membrane-bound anandamide hydolysis by MAGL and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), respectively, have been investigated. 2-AG and its 1-regioisomer (1-AG) interacted with MAGL with similar affinities (IC(50) values 13 and 17 mum, respectively). Shorter homologues of 2-AG (2-linoleoylglycerol and 2-oleoylglycerol) had affinities for MAGL similar to 2-AG. This pattern was also seen when the arachidonoyl side chain of arachidonoyl trifluoromethylketone was replaced by an oleoyl side chain. Arachidonoyl serinol (IC(50) value 73 microM) was a weaker inhibitor of MAGL than 2-AG. The IC(50) values of noladin ether towards MAGL and FAAH were 36 and 3 microM, respectively. Arachidonoyl glycine interacted with FAAH (IC(50) value 4.9 microM) but only weakly interacted with MAGL (IC(50) value >100 microM). alpha-Methyl-1-AG had similar potencies towards MAGL and FAAH (IC(50) values of 11 and 33 microM, respectively). O-2203 (1-(20-cyano-16,16-dimethyl-eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoyl) glycerol) and O-2204 (2-(20-hydroxy-16,16-dimethyl-eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoyl) glycerol) were slightly less potent, but again affected both enzymes equally. alpha-Methyl-1-AG, O-2203 and O-2204 interacted only weakly with cannabinoid CB(1) receptors expressed in CHO cells (K(i) values 1.8, 3.7 and 3.2 microM, respectively, compared with 0.24 microM for 1-AG) and showed no evidence of central cannabinoid receptor activation in vivo at doses up to 30 mg kg(-1) i.v. It is concluded that compounds like alpha-Methyl-1-AG, O-2203 and O-2204 may be useful as leads for the discovery of selective MAGL inhibitors that lack direct effects upon cannabinoid receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Nazdar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghafouri
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tiger
authors.forename: Raj K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Razdan
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahadevan
authors.forename: Roger G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Pertwee
authors.forename: Billy R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Fowler
mesh_terms: D000581:Amidohydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016466:CHO Cells; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006224:Cricetinae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008994:Monoacylglycerol Lipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000378:metabolism; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases
chemical_list: D000581:Amidohydrolases; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D063388:Endocannabinoids; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005989:Glycerides; D008994:Monoacylglycerol Lipases; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D000099252:Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolases; C094503:glyceryl 2-arachidonate