title: Echocardiographic predictors of remote outcome in patients with angiographically successful reflow after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The angiographically no-reflow phenomenon after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) predicts poor left ventricular (LV) functional recovery and a high risk of cardiac events in patients with their first acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, risk factors of long-term adverse outcome for patients with angiographically successful reflow (TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) flow grade 3) for the AMI remain unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 168 echocardiograms were performed before PCI and at discharge, 113 were suitable for analysis. Clinical, angiographic, and echocardiographic variables were submitted to statistical analysis to detect the risk factors of cardiac events. During the follow-up period of 46+/-20 months, 31 patients had cardiac events, though there were no cardiac deaths. The 2 most important risk factors for congestive heart failure (CHF) or total cardiac events were LV dilation (chi-square: 7.5 and 9.4; both p<0.01) and pseudonormal transmitral flow pattern (PN, chi-square: 4.9, p<0.05 and 6.7, p<0.01, respectively). However, only multivessel disease (chi-square: 9.4, p=0.05) became the predictor for revascularization after PCI. The incidence of CHF or total cardiac events in patients with PN and LV dilation at discharge determined by the Kaplan-Meier method were significantly higher than those with normal or abnormal relaxation transmitral flow pattern (log-rank: 41 and 27, both p<0.001) and no LV dilation (log-rank: 20 and 20, both p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Poor LV diastolic function and LV dilation at discharge are predictors of the cardiac events in patients in whom epicardial coronary flow was well-restored after PCI for the first AMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Jinyao
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Rikimaru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hadano
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Masunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology