title: Balanced regulation of mRNA production for Fas and Fas ligand in lymphocytes from centenarians: how the immune system starts its second century.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The functionality of the immune system during aging is crucial for protection against the most common age-related diseases. Apoptosis plays a central role in the senescence of the immune system, as evidenced by the increased plasma membrane expression of a key molecule like Fas protein. We analyzed the mRNA levels of different forms of Fas (total [tFas] and membrane [mFas]) and of its ligand (FasL) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from centenarians, the best example of successful aging, who were compared with young and middle-aged donors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we quantified mRNA for different forms of Fas and for FasL. In resting lymphocytes, mRNA for tFas, but not for mFas, significantly increases with age, whereas FasL mRNA significantly decreases. In vitro production of Fas/FasL mRNA after different stimuli was similar in cells from the 3 groups. Even if the percentage of Fas+ cells was higher than in the other groups, peripheral blood lymphocytes from centenarians had normal Fas-induced apoptosis, as revealed by flow cytometry. By ELISA, we observed that cells from centenarians showed normal in vitro production of the soluble form of Fas (sFas) and that plasma levels of such molecule were significantly higher in centenarians than in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphocytes from centenarians are able to balance the production of proapoptotic (mFas and FasL) and antiapoptotic (sFas) molecules, whose proportions are likely crucial for the well-preserved immune functionality at the extreme limits of human life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chair of Immunology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Marcello
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinti
authors.forename: Leonarda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Troiano
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nasi
authors.forename: Cristian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bellodi
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferraresi
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mussi
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salvioli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cossarizza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008136:Longevity / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012995:Solubility; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019014:fas Receptor; D015759:Ionomycin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate