title: Evaluation of an immunosuppressant side effect instrument.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinicians continue to be compelled to evaluate the impact of immunosuppressive medication side effects on the quality of life of transplant recipients. We Were asked to develop an instrument to measure side effects in immunosuppressed transplant recipients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To construct an instrument that measures the impact and severity of side effects of immunosuppressive medications used in transplantation and to assess the reliability and validity of the newly developed instrument called the Memphis Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The instrument was constructed by a panel of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists with experience in treating transplant recipients. A small group of kidney transplant recipients (n= 13) provided pilot data for refining and testing the instrument. A national sample of kidney, liver, and heart transplant recipients (n = 505) provided data that were used to further develop the instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  Factor analysis was used to determine the psychological dimensions underlying the instrument and to guide the construction of scales from the survey items. The instrument scales were then computed from the dataset of 505 transplant recipients to quantify the impact of immunosuppressant side effects on the quality of life of transplant recipients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Analyses showed the final instrument scales to be valid and reliable. Exploratory analysis suggests the need for further testing of the instrument to determine gender differences.
authors.affiliation: University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tenn, USA. rwinsett@utmem.edu
authors.forename: Rebecca P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Winsett
authors.forename: Kris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arheart
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Stratta
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alloway
authors.forename: Mona N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Wicks
authors.forename: A Osama
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Gaber
authors.forename: Donna K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hathaway
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000523:psychology; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014181:Transplantation Immunology / Q000187:drug effects; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents