title: Dicumarol, an inhibitor of ADP-ribosylation of CtBP3/BARS, fragments golgi non-compact tubular zones and inhibits intra-golgi transport.
abstract: Dicumarol (3,3'-methylenebis[4-hydroxycoumarin]) is an inhibitor of brefeldin-A-dependent ADP-ribosylation that antagonises brefeldin-A-dependent Golgi tubulation and redistribution to the endoplasmic reticulum. We have investigated whether dicumarol can directly affect the morphology of the Golgi apparatus. Here we show that dicumarol induces the breakdown of the tubular reticular networks that interconnect adjacent Golgi stacks and that contain either soluble or membrane-associated cargo proteins. This results in the formation of 65-120-nm vesicles that are sometimes invaginated. In contrast, smaller vesicles (45-65 nm in diameter, a size consistent with that of coat-protein-I-dependent vesicles) that excluded cargo proteins from their lumen are not affected by dicumarol. All other endomembranes are largely unaffected by dicumarol, including Golgi stacks, the ER, multivesicular bodies and the trans-Golgi network. In permeabilized cells, dicumarol activity depends on the function of CtBP3/BARS protein and pre-ADP-ribosylation of cytosol inhibits the breakdown of Golgi tubules by dicumarol. In functional experiments, dicumarol markedly slows down intra-Golgi traffic of VSV-G transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the medial Golgi, and inhibits the diffusional mobility of both galactosyl transferase and VSV-G tagged with green fluorescent protein. However, it does not affect: transport from the trans-Golgi network to the cell surface; Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum traffic of ERGIC58; coat-protein-I-dependent Golgi vesiculation by AlF4 or ADP-ribosylation factor; or ADP-ribosylation factor and beta-coat protein binding to Golgi membranes. Thus the ADP-ribosylation inhibitor dicumarol induces the selective breakdown of the tubular components of the Golgi complex and inhibition of intra-Golgi transport. This suggests that lateral diffusion between adjacent stacks has a role in protein transport through the Golgi complex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy.
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mironov
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colanzi
authors.forename: Roman S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Polishchuk
authors.forename: Galina V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Beznoussenko
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mironov
authors.forename: Aurora
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fusella
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Tullio
authors.forename: Maria Giuseppina
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Silletta
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corda
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: De Matteis
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luini
mesh_terms: D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D020126:Brefeldin A / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020755:Coat Protein Complex I / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D001728:Dicumarol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D051381:Rats; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D020755:Coat Protein Complex I; C119945:Ctbp1 protein, rat; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D020126:Brefeldin A; D001728:Dicumarol; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors