title: Alpha-conotoxin BuIA, a novel peptide from Conus bullatus, distinguishes among neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
abstract: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. Alpha subunits, together with beta 2 and/or beta 4 subunits, form ligand-binding sites at alpha/beta subunit interfaces. Predatory marine snails of the genus Conus are a rich source of nAChR-targeted peptides. Using conserved features of the alpha-conotoxin signal sequence and 3'-untranslated sequence region, we have cloned a novel gene from the fish-eating snail, Conus bullatus; the gene codes for a previously unreported alpha-conotoxin with unusual 4/4 spacing of amino acids in the two disulfide loops. Chemical synthesis of the predicted mature toxin was performed. The resulting peptide, alpha-conotoxin BuIA, was tested on cloned nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes. The peptide potently blocks numerous rat nAChR subtypes, with highest potency for alpha 3- and chimeric alpha 6-containing nAChRs; BuIA blocks alpha 6/alpha 3 beta 2 nAChRs with a 40,000-fold lower IC(50) than alpha 4 beta 2 nAChRs. The kinetics of toxin unblock are dependent on the beta subunit. nAChRs with a beta 4 subunit have very slow off-times, compared with the corresponding beta 2 subunit-containing nAChR. In each instance, rat alpha x beta 4 may be distinguished from rat alpha x beta 2 by the large difference in time to recover from toxin block. Similar results are obtained when comparing mouse alpha 3 beta 2 to mouse alpha 3 beta 4, and human alpha 3 beta2 to human alpha 3 beta 4, indicating that the beta subunit dependence extends across species. Thus, alpha-conotoxin BuIA also represents a novel probe for distinguishing between beta 2- and beta 4-containing nAChRs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Layla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azam
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dowell
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Jerry A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stitzel
authors.forename: Baldomero M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Olivera
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McIntosh
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D020916:Conotoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021122:Protein Subunits; D051381:Rats; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D012908:Snails / Q000737:chemistry*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D020916:Conotoxins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011978:Receptors, Nicotinic; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C515221:alpha-conotoxin BuIA, Conus bullatus