title: Karyometry detects subvisual differences in chromatin organisation state between non-recurrent and recurrent papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse nuclear chromatin texture in non-recurrent and recurrent papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety three karyometric features were analysed on haematoxylin and eosin stained sections from 20 PUNLMP cases: 10 from patients with a solitary PUNLMP lesion, who were disease free during at least eight years' follow up, and 10 from patients with unifocal PUNLMP, one or more recurrences being seen during follow up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kruskal-Wallis analysis was used to search for features showing significant differences between recurrent and non-recurrent cases. Significance was better than p<0.005 for more than 20 features. Based on significance, six texture features were selected for discriminant analysis. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis reduced Wilk's lambda to 0.87, indicating a highly significant difference between the two multivariate data sets, but only modest ability to discriminate (70% correct case classification). A box sequential classifier was used based on data derived from discriminant analysis. The classifier took three classification steps and classified 19 of the 20 cases correctly (95% correct case classification). To determine whether significant case grouping could also be obtained based on an objective criterion, the merged data sets of non-recurrent and recurrent cases were submitted to the unsupervised learning algorithm P-index. Two clusters were formed with significant differences. The subsequent application of a Cooley/Lohnes classifier resulted in an overall correct case classification rate of 85%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Karyometry and multivariate analyses detect subvisual differences in chromatin organisation state between non-recurrent and recurrent PUNLMPs, thus allowing identification of lesions that do or do not recur.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pathological Anatomy and Histopathology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, I-60020 Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scarpelli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montironi
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tarquini
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López Beltran
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ranger-Moore
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Bartels
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007620:Karyometry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019459:Urothelium / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin