title: [Rare, out-ladder alleles at the STR loci in the population of Upper Silesia].
abstract: Among individuals (participants of paternity testing) from the Upper Silesia region rare, out-ladder alleles in four STRs (routinely used in paternity testing) were found. There are alleles: VWA*12 and 21, CSF1PO*16, D13S317*6 and TPOX*5 with the following frequency: 0.0006 and 0.0006, 0.0005, 0.0006 and 0.0005.
authors.affiliation: Z Katedry Medycyny Sadowej Slaskiej AM w Katowicach. medsad@slam.katowice.pl
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raczek
mesh_terms: D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010334:Paternity; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D013048:Specimen Handling; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers