title: Impaired release of interleukin-6 from human osteoblastic cells in the uraemic milieu.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoblast-derived interleukin-6 (IL-6) affects bone metabolism and is linked with a number of pathological states characterized by increased bone resorption, including osteoporosis and renal osteodystrophy. To examine the possibility that uraemia directly influences the release of this cytokine in bone, we have investigated the effect of human uraemic serum on the release of IL-6 from human osteoblast-like cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individual serum samples collected from healthy male volunteers or male haemodialysis patients prior to and during a dialysis treatment were assayed for IL-6, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. MG-63 and SaOS-2 cells were cultured in media containing pooled sera from both groups and alongside matching charcoal-stripped sera. IL-6 concentrations were determined in harvested cell supernatants after 24 h. In further experiments, media containing individual sera obtained from five patients at regular intervals during their haemodialysis treatment were incubated with MG-63 cells to determine the effects of the dialysis process on IL-6 secretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Haemodialysis patients had significantly higher (n = 10, P < 0.001) circulating concentrations of IL-6 (7.0 +/- 1.6 pg/ml) than normal subjects (0.4 +/- 0.1 pg/ml), but there were no significant differences in the concentrations of either IL-1beta or sIL-6R. These serum concentrations did not change significantly during 80 min of dialysis. IL-6 release by MG-63 cells incubated with charcoal-stripped serum from normal or from uraemic subjects was similar. Incubation with untreated sera from normal subjects increased IL-6 release by approximately 6-fold above the charcoal-stripped control, whereas sera from uraemic subjects increased IL-6 release by only approximately 2- to 3-fold (normal vs uraemic of 6878 +/- 595 and 2579 +/- 169 pg/ml, respectively, P < 0.001). Similar results were seen with SaOS-2 cells. Haemodialysis did not restore the capacity of uraemic serum to augment IL-6 release to the same degree as normal serum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that the augmentation of IL-6 release from human osteoblastic cells after incubation with normal serum is greater than after uraemic serum. This may indicate the presence of an inhibitor of IL-6 release in uraemic serum that is involved in the deranged bone turnover of uraemic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Medicine and Transplantation, Bart's and the Royal London Hospitals, London, UK
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Steddon
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Neil J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Jacky M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burrin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000276:immunology*; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6