title: Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 reduces in vitro invasion and angiogenesis in human microvascular endothelial cells.
abstract: The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-9, is significantly increased during tumor progression and is thought to play a major role in mediating angiogenic process. Since microvasculature plays an important role in controlling tumor growth, we investigated the effects of MMP-9 inhibition on endothelial cell migration and tube formation, two determinants of angiogenesis. Adenoviral-mediated MMP-9 downregulation inhibited endothelial cell migration in cell wounding and spheroid migration assays. To determine the effects of MMP-9 reduction in glioblastoma/endothelial co-cultures, we used a three-dimensional co-culture assay of glioblastoma spheroids and endothelial spheroids. Untreated controls showed invasion of both cell populations into each other whereas treatment of the co-cultures with adenoviral antisense MMP-9 particles resulted in reduced invasion. Next, inhibition of MMP-9 by adenoviral vectors in endothelial cells was assessed for in vitro capillary-like structure formation either by co-culture with glioblastoma cells or exposure to glioblastoma-conditioned medium. Addition of conditioned medium from human glioblastoma cells to endothelial cells treated with antisense MMP-9 adenoviral vectors or co-cultures of glioblastoma cell lines with MMP-9-reduced endothelial cells resulted in reduced capillary-like tube formation demonstrating the key role of MMP-9 in endothelial cell network organization. Examination of in vitro capillary-like tube structure formation using Matrigel showed a significant decrease in MMP-9 downregulated endothelial cells as compared to controls. In conclusion, the inhibition of MMP-9 is required for inhibition of endothelial cell migration and tube formation and is likely to be of importance in cerebral angiogenesis for therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Program of Cancer Biology, Department of Biomedical and Therapeutic Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, IL 61656, USA.
authors.forename: Unmesh
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Jadhav
authors.forename: Srinivasulu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chigurupati
authors.forename: Sajani S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lakka
authors.forename: Sanjeeva
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohanam
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9