title: [Axillobifemoral bypass grafting].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Axillo-femoral bypass (AxF) means connecting the axillar and femoral artery with the graft that is placed subcutaneously. Usually, this graft is connected with contralateral femoral artery via one accessory subcutaneous graft, and this connection is known as axillobifemoral bypass (AxFF). This extra-anatomic procedure is an alternative method to the standard reconstruction of aortoiliac region when there are contraindications for general or local reasons.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this paper is to show early and late results of AxFF bypass grafting as well as to show the indications for AxFF bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 37 patients. The procedure was performed in 28 patients who suffered from aortoiliac occlusive disease and who were at high risk due to the comorbidity--in one patient with the rupture of juxtarenal aneurysm of abdominal aorta; in five patients with aortoenteric fistula, in two patients with latrogenic lesion of abdominal aorta and in one female patient with anus preternaturalis definitivus who was treated for rectovaginal fistula. Donor's right axillary artery was used in 26 cases (70.3%), and donor's left axillary artery was used in 9 cases (29.7%). Dacron graft was used in 34 patients and Polytetrafluoroethlylene graft was used in three patients. Simultaneously, profundoplastic was done in four patients and femoro-popliteal bypass was performed in three patients. In five patients who suffered from aortoenteric fistula, simultaneous intervention of gastrointerstinal system has been done. Chi2 test was used for statistical evaluation and life table method was used for verification of late graft patency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of early postoperative mortality was 13.5%. The causes of death were: sepsis--1, MOFS--3, and infarct myocardium--1. The mean follow up period was 40.1 months, ranging from six months to 17 years. During the follow up period, an early graft thrombosis was identified in two and late graft occlusion was reported in four patients. As the cause of occlusion, the progression of occlusive disease of receptive artery was identified in three patients, while anastomotic neointimae hyperplasia of recipient artery was identified in one patient. Three patients died during the follow up period. As the cause of death, CVI was reported in two patients and malignancy of the urinary tract was found in one patient. The other complications were--artery angulation on the level of proximal anastomosis in one patient (Figure 1), false aneurysm in one patient, perigraft seroma in one patient and graft infection in three patients. Life table method has shown that cumulative rate of late graft patency is 80.39% after five years (Graph 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results were analyzed and compared with the results of the study on 283 patients who had undergone aortobifemoral bypass (AFF) operation due to the aortoiliac occlusive disease. This study was completed in 1995 (18). The results showed that there was no statistically significant differences between AxFF and AFF group (p > 0.05), considering early mortality rate and late graft patency (Graph 2). The review of mortality and late patency rate after AxFF bypass grafting in a world well known studies has shown the similar results (Table 1). CONCLUSION The authors suggest that axilobifemoral bypass is indicated when there are contraindications or difficulties to perform anatomic reconstruction due to the abdomen condition (infection, adhesion, comorbidity) as well as in high risk patients with low life expectancy.
authors.forename: Lazar B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Davidović
authors.forename: Milan S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mitrić
authors.forename: Dusan M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Kostić
authors.forename: Zivan V
authors.initials: ZV
authors.lastname: Maksimović
authors.forename: Slobodan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cvetković
authors.forename: Ilijas S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Cinara
authors.forename: Andreja D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Dimić
authors.forename: Nikola S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Ilić
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D001366:Axillary Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007083:Iliac Artery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects