title: A comparison of in vitro fertilization outcome by culture media used for developing cleavage-stage embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether removing glucose and phosphate from media used for developing cleavage-stage embryos improves outcome following transfer of fresh or frozen embryos. Furthermore the study would evaluate the efficacy of adding nonessential amino acids and glutamate to media.
  
  
  METHODS
  Embryo development was rotated on a weekly basis in human tubal fluid (HTF), versus two media relatively devoid of glucose and phosphate (e.g., P1), with one having the addition of essential amino acids and glutamate (Quinn's Advantage Medium).
  
  
  RESULTS
  For fresh cycles, the implantation rate was significantly higher for Quinn's. There was less fragmentation with P1 and Quinn's. For frozen cycles, the viable pregnancy, implantation rates and embryo quality were higher for Quinn's and P1 than HTF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Removal of glucose and phosphate for day-2 embryos improves in vitro fertilization outcome after embryo transfer. It is not clear if adding certain non-essential amino acids and glutamate provides further improvement.
authors.affiliation: The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Camden, Cooper/Hospital University Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Camden, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Summers-Chase
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Check
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brittingham
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Barci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000494:pharmacology; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003470:Culture Media; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005947:Glucose; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D010710:Phosphates; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D003470:Culture Media; D010710:Phosphates; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005947:Glucose