title: Ionization, lipophilicity, and molecular modeling to investigate permeability and other biological properties of amlodipine.
abstract: This paper uses a recent approach toward drug discovery, in which in silico tools and experimental data are combined together to study the structural features of amlodipine and their relevance in the peculiar pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of this long acting calcium antagonist. Results reveal for amlodipine two families of conformers (folded and extended) but also demonstrate that protonation is the predominant factor governing amlodipine intermolecular interactions among which ionic forces play a major role.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, I-10125 Torino, Italy. giulia.caron@unito.it
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caron
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ermondi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Damiano
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Novaroli
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tsinman
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ruell
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avdeef
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000737:chemistry*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D007477:Ions; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010539:Permeability; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007477:Ions; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D017311:Amlodipine