title: Long-term survival of surgically staged IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer treated with surgical combined modality approach: analysis of a 7-year prospective experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to analyse the outcome of surgically staged IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with induction chemotherapy followed by surgical exploration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out on a prospective cohort of 131 mediastinoscopy-proven IIIA-N2 NSCLC patients. Three preoperative cycles of vindesine-ifosfamide-cisplatin (VIP) were given. Patients with at least stable disease (SD) were considered for surgery, or radical radiotherapy in selected cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate after VIP was 54% (95% confidence interval 45% to 63%) and was important for the final outcome. The median and 5-year survival for the total group were 24 months and 21% (38 months and 30% in responders), respectively. Involvement of subcarinal nodes at diagnosis was the most important prognostic factor (P=0.022). Seventy-five patients were considered for surgery. Downstaging occurred in 34 of 70 resection specimens, with a pathological complete response in six. Median and 5-year survival in the surgical cohort were 45 months and 35%, respectively. Surgery was rewarding both in patients with a response and in those with SD, although the complete resection rate was significantly lower in the latter. On multivariate analysis, favourable prognostic factors were low pathological T-stage (P=0.001) and downstaging of mediastinal nodes in the resection specimen (P=0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VIP induction chemotherapy followed by surgical exploration was rewarding in mediastinoscopy-proven stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC, both in cases of response and SD, despite a lower complete resection rate in the latter. Patients with subcarinal nodes at diagnosis (5-year survival 8.5%) or without nodal downstaging at post-induction surgery (13.7%) might preferably be treated with a non-surgical approach.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Oncology (Pulmonology), University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lorent
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Leyn
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lievens
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verbeken
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nackaerts
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dooms
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Van Raemdonck
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anrys
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vansteenkiste
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014751:Vindesine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D002945:Cisplatin; D014751:Vindesine; D007069:Ifosfamide