title: [Cytomegalovirus retinitis in pediatric patients with AIDS receiving highly active antiretrovirus therapy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To describe three cases of cytomegalovirus retinitis occurring in HIV-infected children taking protease inhibitors combined with transcriptase inhibitors (HAART).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cases of HIV-infected children taking highly active antiretrovirus therapy (HAART) underwent an ocular examination at a university referral center-UNIFESP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age was 6 years (10 months to 13 years old), and all of them were C3 (CDC-Atlanta-EUA 1994). Median CD4 cell count and plasma HIV RNA were 67 cells/mm3 (43-98 cells/mm3) and 190.000 copies/ml (53.600-460.000 copies/ml). The three patients presented HAART failure and all of them were treated with anti-CMV agents without success.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unprecedented benefits resulting from highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have been well described. However, treatment failure has become increasingly complex, because of the aggressive forms of opportunistic diseases like CMV retinitis, despite anti-CMV agents. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to minimize the risk of long-term loss of vision for these infected children.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Oftalmologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP. madimantas@oftalmo.com.br
authors.forename: Maria Angélica
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dimantas
authors.forename: Luciana Peixoto
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Finamor
authors.forename: Vânia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ewert
authors.forename: Célia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakanami
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muccioli
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D015774:Ganciclovir