"Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy". Relevance for the clinician of severe epilepsy starting in infancy.
'Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy' or Dravet syndrome is a clear example of the impact of severe epilepsy on the developing child. Presenting with febrile seizures in infancy, children later on develop a severe epileptic syndrome with mental retardation. Nearly all children have life-threatening status epilepticus during the first two years of life. The clinical diagnosis can now be confirmed by DNA-analysis in a majority of patients. Most patients have a de novo mutation in the alfa subunit of the neuronal sodium channel SCN1A. In the past few years' treatment of severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy has changed. Prevention of seizures, avoiding anti-epileptic drugs which only block sodium channels, a simple combination of two major anti-epileptic drugs (sodium valproate and topiramate) and a strict acute seizure treatment significantly improve the quality of life for these patients. Long-term follow up is necessary to evaluate if we can also improve the development possibilities for these children.
Ceulemans
Berten
B
Department of Neurology-Child Neurology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium. berten.ceulemans@uza.be
Cras
Patrick
P
D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D004831:Epilepsies, Myoclonic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant