title: The contribution of the EEG technologists in the diagnosis of Panayiotopoulos syndrome (susceptibility to early onset benign childhood autonomic seizures).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the contribution of the EEG technologists in the diagnosis of children with epileptic seizures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed the clinical information obtained by the EEG technologists from children with epileptic seizures and their parents, and assessed its value for the generation of a clinically useful EEG report and a plausible electroclinical diagnosis. Interviews were based on a qualitative questionnaire, and were videotaped. We focused on Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) because it has a high rate of misdiagnosis, usually for encephalitis or other severe cerebral insults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1998 and 2001, 424 EEG were performed in 308 children aged 1-14 years, of whom 228 (74%) had one or more epileptic seizures. We diagnosed PS in 14 children (6.1%), mainly based on clinical information. Three other had symptomatic ictal vomiting. In 9 of the 14 children with PS, diagnosis was achieved by the information collected by the EEG technologist. Five of these children were being treated for encephalitis, and management was altered accordingly. In a further three children the diagnosis of PS was confirmed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that the contribution of the EEG technologists to the diagnosis of people with epilepsies can expand well beyond their established role of recording and describing an EEG. We propose that technologists should be actively involved in prospective electroclinical studies if carefully designed protocols are used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsies, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Shaun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rowlinson
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Manidakis
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ferrie
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koutroumanidis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013577:Syndrome