title: Early prediction of organ failure by combined markers in patients with acute pancreatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several biological markers and clinical scoring systems have been used to predict the course of acute pancreatitis. Because organ failure is the most severe complication of the disease, prognostic markers and their combinations that would predict organ failure on hospital admission were sought.
  
  
  METHODS
  Some 351 consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis were studied. Blood samples were taken within 12 h of admission. This case-control study included all 33 patients with organ failure and 99 matched controls without organ failure. Measurements included 19 prognostic markers and Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma interleukin 10, serum glucose and serum calcium were identified as independent predictors of organ failure by logistic regression analysis. Calcium level correlated with clinical onset of organ failure. The combination of interleukin 10 (more than 50 pg/ml) or calcium (less than 1.65 mmol/l) was a significantly better predictor than any single marker or APACHE II score, with a sensitivity of 88 per cent, specificity 93 per cent and diagnostic odds ratio 94.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Organ failure in acute pancreatitis can be predicted with high accuracy at hospital admission using a combination of plasma interleukin 10 and serum calcium measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mentula
authors.forename: M-L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kylänpää
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kemppainen
authors.forename: S-E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Jansson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarna
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puolakkainen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haapiainen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Repo
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002118:Calcium