title: [Botulinum toxin type A treatment of upper limb spasticity].
abstract: In recent years, local injections with Botulinum toxin type A (BtxA) have become the treatment of choice for dystonia. However, several studies have demonstrated its efficacy and safety in the treatment of focal spasticity as well. These studies have shown efficacy and safety in upper limb spasticity treatment at a total dose between 500 and 1500 units of Dysport per injection session. While injections in upper arm muscles are easily administered without EMG-guidance, we recommend EMG-guidance for lower arm and finger muscles. In addition to functional improvement, BtxA treatment may also be considered for the following reasons: treatment of spasticity associated pain or painful muscle spasms, improved hygiene, facilitation of care, prevention of skin breakdown, and improved positioning of the upper limb. The definition of a realistic treatment goal, in agreement with the patient, as well as adjunctive physiotherapy are prerequisites for a successful BtxA treatment. Dose recommendations are given in Table 1.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Neurologie Innsbruck, Osterreich. joerg.mueller@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wissel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wissel
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004576:Electromyography; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D018579:Patient Selection; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D010919:Placebos; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D010919:Placebos; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A