title: A study on the routes of referral for patients with colorectal cancer and its affect on the time to surgery and pathological stage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Firstly, to determine the proportion of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients seen within an established two week rule (TWR) system and to observe other routes of referral for CRC patients. Secondly to determine if referral route affects the interval to, and cancer stage at, definitive treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  GP referrals of patients with CRC were divided into direct surgical outpatient referrals (group 1) and indirect referrals to accident and emergency and medical outpatients (group 2). Data were recorded on the time to definitive treatment and the location and stage of tumour.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 78 patients in group 1. Thirty (20%) patients were referred by their GP under the TWR, 31 (21%) as urgent and 17 (12%) as nonurgent referrals, to surgical outpatients. There were 69 patients in group 2. Forty-two (29%) were referred initially to the accident and emergency department and 27 (18%) to general medical outpatients. Group 1 patients were treated within a median of 70.5 days and group 2 patients within 14 days of referral (P < 0.0005). Group 2 contained tumours of a significantly more advanced pathological stage (P = 0.015) and more proximal colonic cancers (P < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fifty-three percent of patients with CRC were referred directly to surgical outpatients, 20% under the TWR guidelines. Despite having this system in place direct referrals were slower to treatment but the tumours were still of a less advanced pathological stage. Compliance with the TWR should not be used as a means of assessing a colorectal unit's treatment of CRC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ashford and St Peter's Hospital NHS Trust, Chertsey, UK.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Trickett
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bearn
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Hassall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006767:Hospitals, District; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011336:Probability; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom; D014850:Waiting Lists