title: Detection of fetal lactate with two-dimensional-localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antenatal surveillance is inefficient for accurately detecting fetal compromise. A noninvasive technique for assessing fetal metabolic status would be useful for clinical management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed at 20 weeks in a pregnancy complicated by severe intrauterine growth restriction to determine if lactate, a metabolite associated with fetal hypoxia, was present. Two-dimensional, single-slice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was carried out at 1.5 T using a volume-selective, double-spin echo technique. Lactate was detected in fetal back muscle. Fetal death occurred the next day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although this initial report is purely experimental, further development of this technique may prove to be a valuable noninvasive tool in the management of suspected fetal hypoxia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, New York, USA. JNRobinson@partners.org
authors.forename: Julian N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cleary-Goldman
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arias-Mendoza
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cruz-Lobo
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tempany
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Mulkern
authors.forename: Bruce B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Feinberg
authors.forename: Truman R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000175:diagnosis; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates