title: Evidence for a new human CYP1A1 regulation pathway involving PPAR-alpha and 2 PPRE sites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cytochrome P450 1A1 catalyzes the degradation of endobiotics (estradiol, fatty acids, and so on) and the bioactivation of numerous environmental procarcinogens, such as arylamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, that are found in food. Several peroxisome proliferators and arachidonic acid derivatives enhance cytochrome P450 1A1 activity, but the mechanisms involved remain unknown. The aim of this work was to study the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cytochrome P450 1A1 gene induction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor transcription factors in cytochrome P450 1A1 induction was assessed by means of enzymatic activities, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, gene reporter assays, mutagenesis, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonists (WY-14643, bezafibrate, clofibrate, and phthalate) induce human cytochrome P450 1A1 gene expression, whereas 2,4-thiazolidinedione, a specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, represses it. The induction of cytochrome P450 1A1 transcripts by WY-14643 was associated with a marked increase of ethoxyresorufin O -deethylase activity (10-fold at 200 mumol/L). Transfection of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha complementary DNA enhanced cytochrome P450 1A1 messenger RNA induction by WY-14643, although WY-14643 failed to activate xenobiotic responsive element sequences. Two peroxisome proliferator response element sites were located at positions -931/-919 and -531/-519 of the cytochrome P450 1A1 promoter. Their inactivation by directed mutagenesis suppressed the inductive effect of WY-14643 on cytochrome P450 1A1 promoter activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay experiments showed that the 2 cytochrome P450 1A1 peroxisome proliferator response element sites bind the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha/retinoid X receptor-alpha heterodimer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe here a new cytochrome P450 1A1 induction pathway involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and 2 peroxisome proliferator response element sites, indicating that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha ligands, which are common environmental compounds, may be involved in carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: FRE Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France. eric.seree@pharmacie.univ-mrs.fr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sérée
authors.forename: P-H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Villard
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pascussi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pineau
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maurel
authors.forename: Q B
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fallone
authors.forename: P-M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Champion
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lacarelle
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Savouret
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Barra
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D047493:PPAR alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase