Human milk protection against infectious diarrhea: implications for prevention and clinical care.
Breastfeeding is the major strategy for prevention of morbidity and mortality resulting from diarrhea in the first few years of life. Health-system and community based interventions have been shown to increase the prevalence of breastfeeding and reduce the incidence of diarrhea and associated healthcare costs in infancy. The protective effect of breastfeeding is attributable to a complex of acquired and innate factors unique to human milk that have anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory functions, including secretory antibodies, oligosaccharides, glycoconjugates, lactoferrin, leukocytes, cytokines, and other agents. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding until the infant is approximately 6 months of age, with timely introduction of complementary foods and continued breastfeeding to a year, or longer if desired. The number of deaths of children that could be prevented worldwide each year if these breastfeeding recommendations were followed has been estimated to be more than 1 million.
Morrow
Ardythe L
AL
Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., 5041, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. Ardythe.Morrow@cchmc.org
Rangel
Josefa M
JM
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006001:Glycoconjugates / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000276:immunology*; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000276:immunology
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D006001:Glycoconjugates; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D009844:Oligosaccharides