title: Recurrence of focal glomerulosclerosis in post-renal transplant recipients: report of two cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FGS) has a tendency to recur frequently after kidney transplantation. To evaluate the incidence and outcome of recurrence of FGS, we report 2 cases of recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 12 patients with renal failure caused by biopsy-proved FGS who received kidney allografts from living related donors, 2 experienced recurrent FGS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case 1 was a 28-year-old man who received a renal transplant from his mother. The recurrence of FGS happened just after the scheduled reduction in immunosuppressants at 36 months after the transplantation. He developed subsequently end-stage renal failure (ESRD) 50 months after transplantation. Case 2 was a 22-year-old man who received a renal transplant from this ABO disparate mother. A few days after renal transplantation, he displayed a severe nephrotic syndrome due to recurrent FGS, reaching ESRD at 23 months. To treat recurrent FGS, plasma exchange was partially effective, reducing the proteinuria but not stopping the progression of disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two recipients with severe proteinuria were diagnosed as having recurrent FGS. The incidence of recurrent FGS was 16.7% with 5-year and 10-year graft survival rates among recipients with ESRD caused by FGS of 79.6% and 68.2%, respectively. The incidence and graft survival rates were better than those expected based upon previous reports. Once the recurrence occurred, it was difficult to halt the progression of disease. Effective prevention of FGS and careful observations with maintained of immunosuppression are necessary in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation and Reproductive Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan. kakioka@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akioka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushigome
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadotani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wakabayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaihara
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005923:Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012008:Recurrence