Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films.
We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10(13) per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of approximately 10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.
Novoselov
K S
KS
Department of Physics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Geim
A K
AK
Morozov
S V
SV
Jiang
D
D
Zhang
Y
Y
Dubonos
S V
SV
Grigorieva
I V
IV
Firsov
A A
AA