title: [Psychoactive substances in biological samples--toxicological laboratory data].
abstract: The subject of the research was the analysis of frequency and type of psychoactive substances used, basing on the determinations the blood and/or urine samples, performed in the toxicological laboratory of the Department of Clinical and Industrial Toxicology Jagiellonian University in Kraków in the period from December 2001 to November 2003. From 17,649 performed determinations--45.5% were positive. 50% of the positive determinations were psychoactive substances. The most often psychoactive substance determined was ethyl alcohol (52.86%), next benzodiazepines (17.41%), amphetamines (10.54%), opiates (8.05%), THC (6.87%), barbiturates (3.74%), and occasionally atropine and cocaine. There was observed a variety of mixed, simultaneously taking psychoactive substances, especially ethyl alcohol, opiates, amphetamine derivatives and cannabinoids. The analysis of the occurrence of psychoactive substances in biological samples from patients treated in different hospital departments, others hospitals and ordered by private persons also was performed. In the last two years 369 private patients ordered psychoactive substances determinations and 78 of them were positive.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Toksykologii Klinicznej i Przemysłowej, Collegium Medicum, Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gomółka
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilimowska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Piekoszewski
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Groszek
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001285:Atropine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001463:Barbiturates / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003042:Cocaine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D009294:Narcotics / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D001463:Barbiturates; D002186:Cannabinoids; D009294:Narcotics; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D000431:Ethanol; D001285:Atropine; D003042:Cocaine