title: Chemical alteration of the rhizosphere of the mycorrhizal-colonized wheat root.
abstract: Plexiglass pot growth chamber experiments were conducted to evaluate the chemical alterations in the rhizosphere of mycorrhizal wheat roots after inoculation with Glomus intraradices [arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)]. Exchange resins were used as sinks for nutrients to determine whether the inoculated plant can increase the solubility and the uptake of P and micronutrients. Treatments included: (1) soil (bulk soil); (2) AMF inoculation no P addition (I-P); (3) no inoculation with no P addition (NI-P); (4) AMF inoculation with addition of 50 mg P (kg soil)(-1) (I+P), and (5) no inoculation with addition of 50 mg P (kg soil)(-1) (NI+P). The AMF inoculum was added at a rate of four spores of G. intraradices (g soil)(-1). The exchange resin membranes were inserted vertically 5 cm apart in the middle of Plexiglass pots. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Len) was planted in each Plexiglass pot and grown for 2 weeks in a growth chamber where water was maintained at field capacity. Rhizosphere pH and redox potential (Eh), nutrient bioavailability indices and mycorrhizal colonization were determined. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased the colonization more when P was not added, but did not increase the shoot dry weight at either P level. The rhizosphere pH was lower in the inoculated plants compared to the noninoculated plants in the absence of added P, while the Eh did not change. The decrease in pH in the rhizosphere of inoculated plants could be responsible for the increased P and Zn uptake observed with inoculation. In contrast, Mn uptake was decreased by inoculation. The resin-adsorbed P was increased by inoculation, which, along with the bioavailability index data, may indicate that mycorrhizal roots were able to increase the solubility of soil P.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, Jordan. mrusan@just.edu.jo
authors.forename: Munir J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D001682:Biological Availability; D017753:Ecosystem; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007455:Iodine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000254:growth & development; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D012987:Soil; D010758:Phosphorus; D007455:Iodine