title: Control of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in intensive care units: rectal screening may not be needed in non-epidemic situations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of screening cultures in the control of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in intensive care units (ICUs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 4-year retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two adult ICUs of a university-affiliated public hospital in France.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 7,777 specimens were analyzed and 28 (0.97%) of 2,883 screened patients had a positive result on a screening test, among the 3,678 admitted patients. Thirteen of these 28 patients were only carriers; 4 were carriers and then were colonized or infected 2, 2, 3, and 8 days later, respectively; and 11 were colonized or infected before a screening test was positive. Cluster analysis showed that the occurrence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae cross-transmission within both ICUs was limited to 9 cases. Thus, most cases (19 of 28) were probably imported. Surveillance cultures failed to detect 9 of the 19 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriers on admission (0.45%) and the relative ineffectiveness of our screening test to detect imported cases suggest that systematic detection of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in ICU patients is not cost-effective and that the use of clinical cultures may be sufficient to control ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in non-epidemic situations.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Hygiène Hospitalière et d'Epidémiologie Moléculaire, CHU Jean Minjoz, Besançon cedex, France.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thouverez
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talon
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bertrand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D001618:beta-Lactamases