title: Australian norms for a quantitative olfactory function test.
abstract: Quantitative olfactory assessment is often neglected in clinical practice, although olfactory loss can assist diagnosis and leads to significant morbidity. The aim of this study was to develop normative data for the Australian population for the 'Sniffin' Sticks', an internationally established olfactory function test. As in other populations, Australian females performed better than males and both lost olfactory function with age. From the normative data, criterion test scores for males and females were established for clinical classifications ('normosmic', 'hyposmic', and 'nosmic'). These clinical classifications were assessed in Parkinson's patients: 81.1% were anosmic or severely hyposmic and only 7.7% were normosmic. A new term ('rebyosmia') is introduced to describe age-related loss of olfactory capacity of unknown aetiology. With these norms, the Sniffin' Sticks can be used in the Australian population to compare an individual's olfactory function against the population of others of similar age and sex and to identify olfactory dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld. 4111, Australia. a.mackay-sim@griffith.edu.au
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mackay-Sim
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chant
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silburn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009812:Odorants; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*