title: Timing of MAP kinase inactivation effects on emission of polar body in porcine oocytes activated by Ca2+ ionophore.
abstract: Artificial activation is required for successful intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to induce haploidy pronuclear formation with extraction of second polar body. The present study showed that an additional treatment with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) followed by Ca(2+) ionophore treatment improved the rate of pronuclear formation, however, these oocytes had more than two pronuclei because of the suppression of polar body emission. The cultivation with MEK inhibitor U0126 followed by Ca(2+) ionophore also increased the rate of pronuclear formation but suppressed the emission of second polar body. These results suggested that the decrease of MAP kinase activity at early stage of artificial activation, concomitantly with decreasing p34(cdc2) kinase activity, prevented the second polar body extraction. We investigated that the timing of MAP kinase inactivation affected the extraction of the polar body and pronuclear formation rate. The addition of PMA 8 hr after Ca(2+) ionophore treatment induced the delay of MAP kinase inactivation, which resulted in haploidy pronuclear formation with emission of polar body. These results demonstrated for the first time that the delay of MAP kinase inactivation induced by PMA improved pronuclear formation with the extraction of second polar body in porcine oocytes activated by Ca(2+) ionophore. This method can be available for successfully ICSI in low response species of oocyte activation to Ca(2+) ionophore including pig.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002070:Butadienes; D007476:Ionophores; D009570:Nitriles; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; C113580:U 0126; D000001:Calcimycin; C016658:phorbolol myristate acetate; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium