title: [A prospective study on the cough mechanism induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with hypertension].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the possible mechanisms underlying cough induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) in patients with hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  127 patients with hypertension were enrolled to receive ACEI (97 cases prescribed cilazapril and 30 cases prescribed benazepril hydrochloride) for 8 weeks. Patients who had coughed in the period were assigned to the cough group (48 cases) and patients who hadn't coughed were assigned to the non-cough group (79 cases). The serum ACE activity before and after administration of the drugs and the polymorphism of ACE gene (including homozygous-alleles II, DD, and heterozygous ID) were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was used as a statistical method to determine the factors associated with cough.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequencies of the I alleles and II genotype of ACE gene in the cough group (0.70% and 56.3%) were significantly higher than those in the non-cough group (0.42% and 23.3%, P < 0.05). The mean serum ACE activity before and after administration of the ACEI in the cough group [(26 +/- 6) U/L, (4 +/- 4) U/L] was significantly lower than that in the non-cough group [(33 +/- 8) U/L, (8 +/- 8) U/L, all P < 0.01]. The difference in the range of decrease of serum ACE activity after ACEI between the cough group [(22 +/- 7) U/L] and the non-cough group [(25 +/- 9) U/L] was not significant (P = 0.077). Serum ACE activity before ACEI was highest in the homozygous-alleles DD group [(36 +/- 8) U/L], secondly in the heterozygous ID group [(29 +/- 6) U/L] and the lowest in homozygous-alleles II group [(26 +/- 7) U/L], differences being significant among three groups (P < 0.01). ACEI-related cough showed no relationship with sex, smoking habit and the ACEI used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The serum ACE activity was associated with polymorphism of ACE gene. Cough induced by ACEI was related to I allele and II genotype. There was a relationship between the serum ACE activity before administration of ACEI and cough induced by ACEI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.
authors.forename: Ruan-Jian
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Quan-Ying
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gai
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D017315:Cilazapril / Q000009:adverse effects; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D017315:Cilazapril; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A