title: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE): lesion visualization on a 3 Tesla clinical whole-body system after intraperitoneal contrast injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the intravital visibility of CNS lesions in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal correlate of multiple sclerosis, using a 3-Tesla (T) whole-body MR system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three healthy Dark Agouti (DA) rats and 16 DA rats with clinical signs of EAE were examined on a 3T whole body-system using a normal wrist coil. In total, 25 examinations were preformed using T2- and T1-weigthed images in transverse and sagittal orientation with a slice thickness of 2 mm or 1 mm (voxel size up to 0.2 x 0.2 x 1 mm). Sedation was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine and xylazine. In addition, T1-weighted images were obtained after the instillation of 1.0 ml of gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) (0.5 mmol/ml) into the peritoneal cavity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T2- and T1-weighted images of the brain and spinal cord with high spatial and contrast resolution could be obtained in all animals. The anatomical details of the olfactory bulb glomeruli, cerebellum foliae, ventricles and corpus callosum were clearly visible. The EAE lesions presented as hyperintense areas in T2-weighted images and could be demonstrated in all clinically affected animals by MRI and histologically verified. In total, the 16 affected rats had 28 cerebral and 2 spinal cord lesions (range 1 to 4, median 2). Contrast enhancement was noted in 12 animals and ranked as severe in ten and moderate in two cases. No adverse effects were noted due to sedation or intraperitoneal contrast injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intravital demonstration of cerebral and spinal cord EAE lesions in rats is possible on a 3T whole-body MR scanner using a normal wrist coil. Intraperitoneal injection of ketamine/xylazine and contrast agent is an easy, safe and effective procedure in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Medical School, University of Tübingen, Germany. stefan.heckl@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heckl
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nägele
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gärtner
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klose
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schick
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weissert
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Küker
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003711:Demyelinating Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D003287:Contrast Media; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA