title: Functional applications of novel Semliki Forest virus vectors are limited by vector toxicity in cultures of primary neurons in vitro and in the substantia nigra in vivo.
abstract: The Semliki Forest virus (SFV) system has been shown to be highly efficient in transduction of cell lines and primary cells. We employed a novel "noncytotoxic" SFV(PD) vector for transduction of primary ventral midbrain floor cultures in vitro and rat substantia nigra in vivo. Rapid protein expression was noted with preferential transduction of neuronal cells including the dopaminergic subpopulation. To examine the suitability of the SFV vector system for functional gene expression, SFV(PD) vectors encoding for antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-X(L) and XIAP were designed. Despite effective transgene expression, SFV(PD) vectors were unable to rescue dopaminergic neurons from MPP+-induced apoptosis. In vivo, virus injection into substantia nigra resulted in fast onset of transgene expression, but elicited an activation of microglia and an inflammation response. We conclude that the use of novel SFV(PD) vectors is currently limited by persistent neurotoxicity of the vector system. Although SFV(PD) vectors may be useful for protein localization studies in dopaminergic neurons, functional applications will require the development of even less cytopathic vector systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, S2-Laboratory, University of Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. plingor@gwdg.de
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lingor
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schöll
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bähr
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kügler
mesh_terms: D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012672:Semliki forest virus / Q000235:genetics*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic / Q000379:methods*; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C494813:Bcl2l1 protein, rat; D011506:Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D015655:1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; D004298:Dopamine