Multicentre patch test study of air-oxidized ethoxylated surfactants.
Frequent exposure to water and surfactants is considered to be the main cause of hand eczema from wet work. Ethoxylated surfactants are susceptible to oxidation and some of the oxidation products formed have proved to be contact sensitizers in guinea pigs. The question of human sensitization to oxidized surfactants was addressed in a multicentre study in the Stockholm region. 528 consecutive dermatitis patients were patch tested with widely used ethoxylated surfactants in oxidized and non-oxidized form as well as certain identified oxidation compounds. 61 patients presented with mild, clearly irritant reactions to some of the surfactants tested. 18 patients showed not only erythema but also oedema and/or papules and vesicles, using a morphologic descriptive system for reading the patch test reactions. These reactions occurred mostly to oxidized surfactants and oxidation products. When retesting 9 of these 18 patients only an allergic reaction to acetaldehyde was confirmed. We conclude that oxidized ethoxylated surfactants have increased irritant potential compared to non-oxidized material. Our working hypothesis is that oxidized surfactants of technical quality exert a lower risk of sensitization than do oxidized homologous pure surfactants. Among the potential allergens formed during autoxidation, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde must be considered as a source of unexpected exposure.
Matura
Mihaly
M
Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, Department of Chemistry, Göteborg University, Sweden. mihaly.matura@chem.gu.se
Bodin
Anna
A
Skare
Lizbet
L
Nyrén
Miruna
M
Hovmark
Anders
A
Lindberg
Magnus
M
Lundeberg
Lena
L
Wrangsjö
Karin
K
Karlberg
Ann-Therese
AT
D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017449:Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D017453:Dermatitis, Irritant / Q000209:etiology*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005019:Ethyl Ethers / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D023422:Skin Irritancy Tests / Q000379:methods*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013548:Sweden; D013997:Time Factors
D000485:Allergens; D005019:Ethyl Ethers; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols