title: Oral hypertonic glucose spray: a practical alternative for analgesia in the newborn.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pain and stress have been shown to induce significant physiological and behavioural reactions in newborn infants. Pharmacological agents are not recommended in neonates for pain relief in minor procedures. Since different sweet solutions given orally by syringe have been shown to relieve pain in neonates, we decided to compare the analgesic effects of a small dose of glucose solution given orally by spray and by syringe during heel lancing in term neonates, using a validated behavioural acute pain rating scale.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty hyperbilirubinaemic full-term neonates were studied. We used a randomized, masked, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Each infant was assessed three times receiving 0.5 ml 30% glucose in spray form, 0.5 ml 30% glucose by syringe or 0.5 ml sterile water by syringe in random order, 2 min before heel lancing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain scores were significantly lower in the 30% glucose given either spray or syringe groups compared with the placebo group. No statistically significant difference in pain scores was found between the 30% glucose spray group and 30% glucose syringe group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small dose of 0.5 ml 30% glucose spray has an equal analgesic effect to the same dose given by syringe. The spray form has the advantage of being easy to use and is well accepted by newborn babies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. makcam88@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akçam
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ormeci
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005950:Glucose Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D007567:Jaundice, Neonatal; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D005950:Glucose Solution, Hypertonic