title: Invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia, 2002.
abstract: There were 2,271 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) notified to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System in Australia in 2002; a rate of 11.5 cases per 100,000 population. The notification rate varied between states and territories and by geographical region with the highest rates in the north of the country. Invasive pneumococcal disease was reported most frequently in children aged less than five years (57.3 per 100,000 population). Enhanced surveillance for IPD in 2002 was carried out in all states and territories, providing additional data on 1,929 (85%) of all notified cases. Rates of IPD in Indigenous Australians were 2.7 times the rate in non-Indigenous Australians. The clinical presentation of IPD was most commonly pneumonia (44%) and bacteraemia (35%). There were 175 deaths attributed to IPD resulting in an overall case fatality rate of 9.2 per cent. Forty-two per cent of all cases had a recognised risk factor for IPD. Seventy-five per cent of all pneumococcal isolates serotyped were serotypes in the seven-valent conjugate vaccine and 93 per cent were serotypes in the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. The clinical presentation and rates of risk factors varied between Indigenous and non-Indigenous cases and non-vaccine serotypes occurred more frequently among Indigenous children and adults.
authors.affiliation: Surveillance and Epidemiology Section, Department of Health and Ageing, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. paul.roche@health.gov.au
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Counahan
authors.forename: Carolien
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giele
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pugh
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hogg
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018563:Disease Notification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014611:Vaccination / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines