title: In vivo videomicroscopy reveals differential effects of the vascular-targeting agent ZD6126 and the anti-angiogenic agent ZD6474 on vascular function in a liver metastasis model.
abstract: Metastases require a functional blood supply for progressive growth. Thus, therapies that target metastatic vasculature have potential clinical utility. The effects of the vascular-targeting agent (VTA), ZD6126, and the anti-angiogenic agent, ZD6474, on vascular development and function within metastases were compared in an experimental liver metastasis model. Ras-transformed PAP2 fibroblasts were injected into the mesenteric veins of SCID mice to produce a control liver metastasis burden of approximately 40% at 14 days. Mice given a single dose of ZD6126 (200 mg/kg, i.p.) on day 13 were examined 24 h later. Histology revealed a significant reduction in metastatic burden, associated with extensive tumor necrosis, increased tumor cell apoptosis and a reduction in tumor-associated vasculature. In vivo videomicroscopy (IVVM) revealed disrupted, non-functional vascular channels within metastases, with no blood flow. Mice given ZD6474 on days 4 to 10 (50 mg/kg daily, oral gavage) were examined on day 11. Histology revealed a lower metastatic burden, significant reductions in metastasis size and vasculature, and a significant increase in tumor cell apoptosis. IVVM revealed extensive reductions in vascularity and blood flow within metastases. Neither ZD6126 nor ZD6474 treatment affected surrounding normal liver tissue. This study shows that both agents can reduce experimental liver metastasis with no apparent effect on normal vasculature. However, these reductions were attained through distinct effects on the metastatic vasculature. Understanding differences in the modes of action of VTAs and anti-angiogenic agents will be important in optimizing their clinical application and in developing appropriate combination strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Hemanth J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.forename: Lisa T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Groom
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Anderson
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Ian C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Ann F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Chambers
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; C455219:N-acetylcochinol-O-phosphate; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010880:Piperidines; D011799:Quinazolines; C452423:vandetanib