title: Basic drug--enterosoluble polymer coevaporates: development of oral controlled release systems.
abstract: Precipitation of basic drugs within oral prolonged release systems, at the higher pH values of the intestine, would affect drug release. Coevaporates of a model basic drug verapamil HCl, in single or mixed polymer systems, containing Eudragit L100 (L100) and ethyl cellulose or Eudragit RS100, were prepared from ethanolic solution. XRD and DSC indicated loss of crystallinity of the drug in the coevaporates. The presence of the enterosoluble polymer in the system was found to aid in faster dissolution of the drug at higher pH values. This was affected by the presence and type of retarding polymer present in the system. Compression of the coevaporates resulted in either very slow release of the drug or undesirable changes in the release profile. Pelletization of a coevaporate containing drug and L100 yielded systems, which released the drug uniformly when studied by the buffer change method in simulated gastric (SGF) and intestinal (SIF) fluids. The presence of L100 in intimate contact with the drug was found to be essential for the desirable drug release properties of the system. The drug release occurred predominantly by diffusion in SGF and by a combination of diffusion and polymer dissolution/erosion in SIF. Appropriate choice of release modifiers and formulation variables and development of suitable formulations can yield systems which compensate for the reduced solubility of the drug in the higher pH environments of the intestine.
authors.affiliation: Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India.
authors.forename: Ramprakash
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Govindarajan
authors.forename: Mangal S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nagarsenker
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D003460:Crystallization; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004058:Diffusion / Q000187:drug effects; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007419:Intestinal Secretions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010316:Particle Size; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D014700:Verapamil / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005079:Excipients; D010968:Plasticizers; D011108:Polymers; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C038300:methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer; C013517:ethyl cellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D014700:Verapamil