title: A rapid method to measure the solid-water distribution coefficient (Kd) for pharmaceuticals and musk fragrances in sewage sludge.
abstract: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products are omnipresent in wastewater world-wide. In order to predict their sorption quantities onto sludge in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), the solid-water distribution coefficients (Kd values) of selected pharmaceuticals (antiphlogistics, estrogens, lipid regulators, anti-epileptic and cytostatic agents) and polycyclic musk fragrances (HHCB, AHTN) were determined in primary and secondary sludges taken from a German municipal WWTP. For the Kd determination, batches of primary and secondary sludge slurries were spiked with the respective target compounds and slowly stirred under defined conditions (e.g. an argon atmosphere). Finally, the water and solid sludge phases were analysed. The Kd values of pharmaceuticals ranged from <1 to 500 L kg(-1), while those for the polycyclic musk fragrances AHTN and HHCB proved to be up to 5300 and 4900 L kg(-1), respectively. The primary and secondary sludge showed significant differences for some pharmaceuticals such as Diclofenac and Cyclophosphamide due to the different pH and composition of the two sludges. The removal rate from the water phase caused by sorption in a WWTP can be reasonably predicted on the basis of the Kd values.
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute of Hydrology, PO Box 200253, D-56068 Koblenz, Am Mainzer Tor 1, Germany. ternes@bafg.de
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ternes
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonerz
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Knacker
authors.forename: Hansruedi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Siegrist
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Joss
mesh_terms: D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012722:Sewage; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C008563:musk