title: Toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if polymorphisms within the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene are associated and linked with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). To investigate any possible gene-gene (epistatic) interaction between TLR4 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) gene polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  313 simplex families (each containing one affected JIA proband) were genotyped. Two known functionally important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TLR4 gene (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) were typed by SNaPshot ddNTP primer extension and capillary electrophoresis. Single point and multipoint transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) were carried out through the extended TDT and TDT phase packages for the two TLR4 SNPs. Epistatic interaction between TLR4 haplotypes and the previously JIA associated MIF CATT(7)-MIF-173*C promoter haplotype was investigated by chi(2) test and unconditional logistic regression in Stata version 7.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No distortion from random inheritance was observed by single point analysis for TLR4 Asp299Gly (p = 0.89) or TLR4 Thr399Ile (p = 0.40). Similarly, no distortion in transmission was seen when the TLR4 haplotypes were studied (p = 0.54). Additionally, no evidence for gene-gene interaction between TLR4 polymorphisms and the previously associated MIF gene polymorphisms was found (p = 0.40).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No linkage or association was seen for Asp299Gly or Thr399Ile SNPs of TLR4 with JIA susceptibility. No evidence of an epistatic interaction between these TLR4 polymorphisms and MIF polymorphisms was found.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Research Campaign's Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, UK. rebecca.lamb@man.ac.uk
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zeggini
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thomson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Donn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001171:Arthritis, Juvenile / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors