title: Non-invasive determination of left ventricular relaxation time constant by Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Left ventricular (LV) relaxation time constant (Tau) is a relatively load-independent index of diastolic function in the evaluation of heart failure. However, the requirement of high-fidelity intraventricular pressure recording limits its clinical utility. In the present study, we investigated whether Tau could be estimated noninvasively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients indicated for cardiac catheterization were recruited for study. Echocardiography and cardiac catheterization with high-fidelity LV pressure recording were performed sequentially within 1 hour. The non-invasive TauDopp was derived from the formula: TauDopp = IVRT(Dopp)/[ln(Ps) - ln(10)], where IVRT is the isovolumic relaxation time measured by Doppler echocardiography and Ps is systolic blood pressure measured during the echocardiographic examination. The invasive TauLM was determined by non-linear least-square parameter estimate technique, using the exponential equation: Pv = Poe(-t/Tau) + b, where Pv is the instantaneous LV pressure, P0 is LV pressure at minimal dP/dt, and b is the theoretical asymptote. The difference between TauDopp and TauLM was compared using paired t-test, and their relation was evaluated using simple correlation and intra-class correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IVRT(Dopp) was significantly correlated with the invasively derived IVRT (r = 0.42, p = 0.012). The completely non-invasive TauDopp was significantly correlated with the direct curve-fitted TauLM (r = 0.41;p = 0.013), and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.29 (p = 0.04). In addition, TauDopp was significantly smaller than TauLM (36+/-6 ms vs. 57+/-15 ms, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tau can be estimated noninvasively by transthoracic Doppler echocardiographic method with limited accuracy. The clinical utility of TauDopp remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Taipei Veterans General Hospital and the Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Wen-Chung
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Kuan-Rau
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Yao-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Hsin
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wen-Bin
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chen-Huan
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003971:Diastole; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013997:Time Factors; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left