title: Outcomes of frontal mucocele marsupialization: endonasal and external approaches.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Frontal sinus mucoceles are known to undergo repeated recurrences, and the management of this disease constitutes a challenge regarding the ideal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative results of the endoscopic ventilation approach in the treatment of frontal mucoceles.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 24 subjects with mucocele who underwent endoscopic marsupialization. The preoperative characteristics of the frontal sinus on computed tomography scans were compared with the postoperative results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative endoscopic examination revealed in 15 nasal sides wide patency of the frontal outflow tract. The ostium was patent but had become slightly narrowed in nine nasal sides. Restenosis of the ostium was found in six cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A membranous type of obstruction in the region of the frontal outflow tract was related to a better outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Marcio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haruna
authors.forename: Kota
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Otori
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009078:Mucocele / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed