title: Measurement of refractive error and accommodation with the photorefractor PowerRef II.
abstract: The infrared photorefractor PowerRef II (PR II; PlusoptiX AG, Nurnberg, Germany) uses the principle of eccentric photorefraction. In eight subjects the mean non-cycloplegic refraction measured with the 'Full Scan' mode of the PR II at a far viewing distance (0.2 D) was significantly more hypermetropic by 0.6 D compared with subjective refraction. The mean accommodation differed by about this same amount between the PR II and the Canon R1 at three different viewing distances (3, 2 and 1 D). The PR II refraction at the 1 m reference distance was 0.25 D more hypermetropic compared with the subjective refraction at far (5 m); these measures were moderately correlated (r = 0.7). To determine temporal changes, the 'Dynamic Scan' mode was used over a 2-min period: the mean intraindividual standard deviation was 0.32 mm for pupil diameter and 0.29 D for accommodation, while the absolute measurement error of the 'Dynamic Scan' was found to be <0.12 D for the accommodation data. Interindividual reliabilities were satisfactory. However, the PR II did not provide a continuous stream of data and the specified sampling frequency of 25 Hz was rarely realized.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Arbeitsphysiologie, Ardeystrasse 67, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany. jainta@ifado.de
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jainta
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jaschinski
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hoormann
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular; D000328:Adult; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D009907:Optometry; D011680:Pupil; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results