title: [Occupational exposure to hand-transmitted vibration in Poland].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occupational exposure to hand transmitted vibration may cause disorders in upper extremities known as hand-arm vibration syndrome. Therefore it is essential to know the sources of vibration, occupational groups exposed to vibration and the number of exposed workers. The aim of the study was to estimate the number of men and women exposed to hand-transmitted vibration in Poland.
  
  
  METHODS
  The completed questionnaires were obtained from 265 (80%) sanitary inspection stations. They included questions on: the name of workplaces, the name and the type of vibration sources, workers' gender, the number of workers exposed to vibration, indicating the extent of exposure measured against the three threshold limit values (< 0.5 TLV; 0.5 < TLV < 1 and > 1 TLV), and the number of workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration not documented by measurements in a particular workplaces, indicating one of the three possible kinds of exposure (occasional, periodical and constant). The questionnaire data were based on measurements and analyses performed in 1997-2000.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study showed that vibrating tools used by grinders, fitters, locksmiths, rammers, road workers, carpenters and smiths proved to be the most frequent sources of hand-transmitted vibration. It was revealed that 78.6% of operators of these tools were exposed to vibration exceeding 1 TLV. The study also indicated that 17,000 workers, including 1700 women, were exposed to vibration exceeding the threshold limit values.
authors.affiliation: Zakładu Ochrony Zdrowia w Srodowisku Pracy, Wydziału Zdrowia Publicznego, Slaskiej Akademii Medycznej w Katowicach.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harazin
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zieliński
mesh_terms: D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*