title: Contributions of bone maturation measurements to the differential diagnosis of neonatal transient hypothyroidism versus dyshormonogenetic congenital hypothyroidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To a) evaluate the contribution of bone maturation in the diagnosis of neonatal transient hypothyroidism versus dyshormonogenetic congenital hypothyroidism in full-term newborns, and b) use bone maturation to test the hypothesis that neonatal transient hypothyroidism is perinatal in onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 20 patients with dyshormonogenetic and 43 with transient hypothyroidism. Thyroid function and measurements of the distal femoral epiphysis area, obtained at the time of first confirmatory diagnosis, were compared between the two groups. The epiphysis area in two control groups with normal thyroid function was also measured and compared with that in patients with transient hypothyroidism, at age 1-3 d (control A), or at the age when normal thyroid function was confirmed (control B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean epiphysis area was 0.04 cm2 in patients with dyshormonogenetic versus 0.22 cm2 in patients with transient hypothyroidism (p < 0.0001). An area <0.05 cm2 was limited to patients with dyshormonogenetic hypothyroidism. Conversely, a normal area (>0.2 cm2) was only observed in patients with transient hypothyroidism. Mean epiphysis areas in control A (0.20 cm2) and in patients with transient hypothyroidism were similar (p = 0.37), consistent with perinatal onset of transient hypothyroidism. Mean epiphysis area in control B (0.31 cm2) was significantly greater than in patients with transient hypothyroidism (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A short duration of hypothyroidism can significantly delay bone maturation. Examination of bone maturation at initial confirmatory evaluation yields important information pertaining to congenital hypothyroidism, not only to predict intellectual development, but also to evaluate the risk of dyshormonogenetic hypothyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tiu
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: N C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D001846:Bone Development / Q000502:physiology*; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis*; D007231:Infant, Newborn