title: Evaluation of oral and nasal odor in patients with and without cleft lip and palate: preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate oral and nasal halitosis parameters in patients with and without clefts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized and prospective study. Patients with and without clefts were evaluated as to oral and nasal halitosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  University of São Paulo, Bauru Dental School and Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve patients with clefts and 12 without clefts were evaluated, and no exclusion criteria were followed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal and oral halitosis were measured with the use of a portable sulfide monitor during a single visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred percent of the patients with clefts had altered values for volatile sulfur compounds. Only 33.3% of the patients without clefts had at least one strong value for nasal halimeter measurements, and 58.3% of these patients showed alteration in the nasal values. Statistical evaluation, made using the Mann-Whitney U test, classifying the nasal halimeter values as normal, weak, and strong, showing a statistical significant group difference (p = .003). There was no significant difference in the oral halimeter values between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with cleft lip and palate had a tendency to present higher values for the nasal halimeter measurements, when compared with patients without clefts.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil. flavio.amado@bol.com.br
authors.forename: Flávio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Monteiro-Amado
authors.forename: Luiz Eduardo
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Montenegro Chinellato
authors.forename: Olinda
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tárzia
authors.forename: Maria Lúcia
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rubo de Rezende
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications*; D006209:Halitosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides