title: Effects of exenatide (exendin-4) on glycemic control over 30 weeks in sulfonylurea-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the ability of the incretin mimetic exenatide (exendin-4) to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes failing maximally effective doses of a sulfonylurea as monotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, 30-week study conducted at 101 sites in the U.S. After a 4-week, single-blind, placebo lead-in period, 377 subjects were randomized (60% men, age 55 +/- 11 years, BMI 33 +/- 6 kg/m(2), HbA(1c) 8.6 +/- 1.2% [+/-SD]) and began 4 weeks at 5 microg subcutaneous exenatide twice daily (before breakfast and dinner; arms A and B) or placebo. Subsequently, subjects in arm B were escalated to 10 microg b.i.d. exenatide. All subjects continued sulfonylurea therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At week 30, HbA(1c) changes from baseline were -0.86 +/- 0.11, -0.46 +/- 0.12, and 0.12 +/- 0.09% (+/-SE) in the 10-microg, 5-microg, and placebo arms, respectively (adjusted P < 0.001). Of evaluable subjects with baseline HbA(1c) > 7% (n = 237), 41% (10 microg), 33% (5 microg), and 9% (placebo) achieved HbA(1c) <or= 7% (P < 0.001). Fasting plasma glucose concentrations decreased in the 10-microg arm compared with placebo (P < 0.05). Subjects in the exenatide arms had dose-dependent progressive weight loss, with an end-of-study loss in the 10-microg exenatide arm of -1.6 +/- 0.3 kg from baseline (P < 0.05 vs. placebo). The most frequent adverse events were generally mild or moderate and gastrointestinal in nature. No severe hypoglycemia was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exenatide significantly reduced HbA(1c) in patients with type 2 diabetes failing maximally effective doses of a sulfonylurea. Exenatide was generally well tolerated and was associated with weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes Care Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Buse
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Dennis D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fineman
authors.forename: Alain D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Baron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000077270:Exenatide; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011384:Proinsulin / Q000097:blood; D019233:Retreatment; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D000077270:Exenatide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D011384:Proinsulin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D014688:Venoms