title: Persistent synovitis in children with Lyme arthritis: two unusual cases. An immunogenetic approach.
abstract: We report on two patients with a persistent Lyme arthritis. In addition both had a peculiar disease history. The first patient had oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis in remission. Five months after an infected tick bite, she developed a relapse of arthritis in the same knee. We considered Lyme borreliosis as the possible trigger for this reactivation. The disease history of the second patient was that of a classical non-responder. After extensive antibiotic treatment osteolytic lesions became visible. MRI images suggested an erosive arthropathy and arthroscopy was used to investigate possible erosive arthritis. Studies on collected material made us consider the following hypothesis. Despite demonstration of a spirochete fragment in a synovial biopsy, the patient recovered without additional antibiotic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  delay of antibiotic treatment after appearance of erythema migrans may cause systemic spread of the antigen and predispose to Lyme arthritis. If intra-articular steroids are considered when spontaneous resolution of Lyme arthritis does not occur, magnetic resonance imaging of the affected joint, prior to administration, may provide additional information. The success of synovectomy may be related to removal of undegraded antigenic material which may prolong the inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Jette, Belgium, g.hendrickx@st-anna.nl
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hendrickx
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Boeck
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demanet
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vandenplas
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008193:Lyme Disease / Q000150:complications*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D011859:Radiography; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000382:microbiology; D013585:Synovitis / Q000150:complications*