title: Muscle and brain changes of calcitonin gene-related peptide in experimentally induced unilateral rat masseter myositis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate changes in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactivity (CGRP-LI) in the rat masseter muscle and brain after the unilateral experimental induction of masseter myositis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ipsilateral and contralateral changes of the CGRP were examined in rat masseter muscle after the induction of unilateral myositis on the right side with an intramuscular injection of 0.01 mL Freund's adjuvant. The left masseter, and left and right masseters of control rats, were injected with 0.01 mL saline (0.9%). After 21 days, tissue samples from the masseter muscles and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis were analyzed for the presence of CGRP by immunohistochemistry, radioactive immunoassay, and high performance liquid chromatography. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to confirm inflammation in the masseter muscles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated CGRP-LI was detected bilaterally in the masseter muscles (P < .001) in the myositis group. CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers were mainly detected in close proximity to muscle cells and in the walls of the blood vessels. Compared to the control rats, a significant difference in scratching behavior was seen in the myositis group from day 9 until day 21. In the myositis group, CGRP-LI was increased in the pituitary gland concomitant with the increase in CGRP-LI in the masseter muscles but was decreased in the hypothalamus. A possible explanation for these changes could be that rats with chronic myositis develop an abnormal function of the HPA axis triggered by masseter muscle inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study demonstrate that CGRP may play an important role both peripherally and centrally in masseter muscle myositis in association with presumed nociceptive behavior.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Clinical Oral Physiology, and Surgery and Rehabilitation, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. info@monzan.com
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carleson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lundeberg
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Appelgren
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis*; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009220:Myositis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism; D011537:Pruritus / Q000523:psychology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide