title: Mode of presentation and first line of management of non-recurrent urolithiasis in Kuwait.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence, mode of presentation, first line of management and composition of non-recurrent urolithiasis in Kuwait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive patients admitted between January 1999 and December 2002 with non-recurrent urolithiasis were prospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average annual incidence of hospital admission for non-recurrent urolithiasis in Kuwait was 43.44 per 100,000 population, representing men and women (ratio, 9:1) with a median age of 41.91 years. Of the hospital admissions for non-recurrent urolithiasis, 57.2% of cases were acute. Overall, the most predominant symptom was flank pain, while the least common symptom was acute urinary retention. Ureteroscopic stone manipulation was the most common initial treatment modality in the present series, as it was utilized in 43.3% and 37.09% for patients admitted on elective and emergency basis, respectively. Of the calculi available for chemical analysis, 91% contained calcium, 73% contained calcium oxalate, 17% contained mixed calcium and 1% contained calcium phosphate. The composition of the rest of the stones were urate in 7%, struvite in 1% and cystine in 1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urolithiasis is a common disease in the Kuwait region that mainly presents with flank pain. Ureteroscopic calculus removal is the most common modality of treatment. The majority of the calculi seen in Kuwait contained calcium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), Mubarak Teaching Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait. adel@doctoradel.com
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hunayan
authors.forename: Hamdy
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdul-Halim
authors.forename: Elijah O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Kehinde
authors.forename: Khaleel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al-Awadi
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El Barky
authors.forename: Awni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Ateequi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000032:analysis; D003553:Cystine / Q000032:analysis; D003558:Cystoscopy; D005260:Female; D021501:Flank Pain / Q000209:etiology; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait / Q000453:epidemiology; D008096:Lithotripsy; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000069877:Struvite; D018666:Ureteroscopy; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014547:Urinary Diversion; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; D003553:Cystine; D000069877:Struvite; D002118:Calcium