title: Ophthalmoscopic contact lenses for transpupillary thermotherapy.
abstract: Ophthalmoscopic contact lenses for transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) must provide effective visualization of retinal treatment sites and transmission of infrared diode laser radiation. Selection and proper use of retinal laser lenses requires knowledge of their lateral magnification, laser beam magnification factor, field of view and resolution. Optical performance is analyzed for Goldmann-type lenses and a series of inverted image lenses of differing magnification. Goldmann lenses have the highest resolution, but inverted image lenses of comparable magnification have 2.5 times or more their field of view. Inverted image lenses of similar magnification can differ in resolution. They require 2-4% more incident laser power to produce the same retinal irradiance as a Goldmann lens, but this difference is small in comparison to other clinical variables. Tilting an ophthalmoscopic contact lens up to 15 degrees causes little distortion in the circularity of the retinal spot formed by a laser beam or difference in retinal irradiance across the spot. Inverted image lenses produce higher anterior segment irradiances than Goldmann-type lenses, but anterior segment injuries are less likely in TTT than conventional visible light, short-pulse retinal photocoagulation because of the comparatively low irradiances used in TTT and the decreased absorption of diode laser infrared radiation in ocular media and melanin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3907 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160-7379, USA.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mainster
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reichel
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Harrington
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Graham
mesh_terms: D003261:Contact Lenses; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation*; D019721:Ophthalmoscopes