title: Stimulation of proliferation and migration of a colorectal cancer cell line by amidated and glycine-extended gastrin-releasing peptide via the same receptor.
abstract: Although amidated forms of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) have been identified as autocrine growth factors in small cell lung cancer, their role in the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma is less clear. In addition, the biological activity of non-amidated gastrin-releasing peptide has not been investigated in colorectal carcinoma cells. We therefore investigated the effect of bombesin (a homologue of gastrin-releasing peptide) on proliferation, migration and inositol phosphate production in the human colorectal carcinoma cell line DLD-1, and determined the ability of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonists to inhibit these effects. We also compared the biological activities of amidated and non-amidated GRP in the same assays. Treatment with either bombesin, or amidated or non-amidated GRP resulted in significant increase in proliferation, and in migration in a wound-healing assay. Both the mitogenic and migratory effects of amidated and non-amidated forms were inhibited by the GRP receptor antagonist [D-Phe(6), Leu-NHet(13), des-Met(14)]-bombesin(6-13). The presence of GRP receptor mRNA and GRP binding sites in three colorectal carcinoma cell lines was demonstrated by RT-PCR and by binding of radiolabelled bombesin, respectively. Transfection of DLD-1 cells with a dominant negative phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase did not affect bombesin-stimulated cell proliferation, but inhibited bombesin-stimulated cell migration. Bombesin and GRPgly activated phospholipase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase and focal adhesion kinase. We conclude that both amidated and non-amidated forms of gastrin-releasing peptide accelerate proliferation and migration of DLD-1 human colorectal carcinoma cells via the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, but that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase is only involved in the cell migration signalling pathway. Our results suggest a potential role for gastrin-releasing peptide receptor antagonists in the management of colorectal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgery, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3084, Australia.
authors.forename: Oneel
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dumesny
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: Graham S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shulkes
mesh_terms: D001839:Bombesin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018004:Receptors, Bombesin / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D018004:Receptors, Bombesin; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D001839:Bombesin; D005998:Glycine