title: Skp2 and p27kip1 expression in melanocytic nevi and melanoma: an inverse relationship.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  S-phase kinase associated protein-2 (Skp2) ubiquitin ligase p45(SKP2) is important in the degradation of p27kip1 (a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor) and progression through the G1-S cell-cycle checkpoint. Low levels of p27 and high levels of Skp2 are related to poor prognosis in some cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinicopathologic features and immunohistochemical expression of Skp2 and p27kip1 were investigated in 198 melanocytic proliferations: 21 melanocytic nevi, 23 melanoma in situ, 119 primary melanoma, and 35 metastatic melanoma samples. Comparative and survival analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Progressive and significant increases and decreases in the nuclear expression of Skp2 and p27kip1, respectively, was identified moving from melanocytic nevi (0.05 +/- 0.2/85 +/- 15) to melanoma in situ (3 +/- 2/45 +/- 20) to primary cutaneous melanoma (12 +/- 9/30 +/- 25) to metastatic melanoma (25 +/- 15/15 +/- 20) (p < or = 0.006). Expression of these proteins also significantly correlated with increasing American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T (tumor) classification and AJCC stage (p < or = 0.01). Moreover, the level of these two proteins exhibited a significant inverse relationship (r = -0.4, p = 0.0001). Skp2 cytoplasmic labeling index of >20% predicted worse 10-year overall survival (38% vs. 86%, p = 0.04) in primary melanoma. Neither p27 nor Skp2 nuclear expression impacted significantly on prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gain of Skp2 and loss of p27kip1 protein expression are implicated in melanoma progression where the level of p27kip1 may be regulated by targeted proteolysis via Skp2. Cytoplasmic expression of Skp2 defines a subset of aggressive melanomas and could represent another pathway of deregulation of the cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208, USA.
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: J Andrew
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D009508:Nevus, Pigmented / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27