title: Risk factors for acute chemical releases with public health consequences: Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance in the U.S., 1996-2001.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Releases of hazardous materials can cause substantial morbidity and mortality. To reduce and prevent the public health consequences (victims or evacuations) from uncontrolled or illegally released hazardous substances, a more comprehensive analysis is needed to determine risk factors for hazardous materials incidents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) data from 1996 through 2001 were analyzed using bivariate and multiple logistic regression. Fixed-facility and transportation-related events were analyzed separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For fixed-facility events, 2,327 (8%) resulted in at least one victim and 2,844 (10%) involved ordered evacuations. For transportation-related events, 759 (8%) resulted in at least one victim, and 405 (4%) caused evacuation orders. Fire and/or explosion were the strongest risk factors for events involving either victims or evacuations. Stratified analysis of fixed-facility events involving victims showed a strong association for acid releases in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries industry. Chlorine releases in fixed-facility events resulted in victims and evacuations in more industry categories than any other substance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Outreach efforts should focus on preventing and preparing for fires and explosions, acid releases in the agricultural industry, and chlorine releases in fixed facilities.
authors.affiliation: Division of Health Studies, Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1600 Clifton Road, MS E-31, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. afp4@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Perri Z
authors.initials: PZ
authors.lastname: Ruckart
authors.forename: Wendy A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wattigney
authors.forename: Wendy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Kaye
mesh_terms: D004190:Disasters / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004630:Emergencies / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000145:classification*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011635:Public Health Administration; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014186:Transportation; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D037041:United States Government Agencies
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances