title: Impact of prolonged treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on the human gut flora.
abstract: The case of a mentally ill man inadvertently treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for 2 y is presented. Quantitative stool cultures revealed a substantially suppressed Gram-negative aerobic flora, while Enterococcus spp. and anaerobes were not affected. Yeasts were moderately increased. TMP-SMX represents an attractive antimicrobial for immunocompromized patients who need the integrity of their intestinal anaerobic flora for colonization resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Diamantis P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kofteridis
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maraki
authors.forename: Ioanna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mixaki
authors.forename: Elpis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mantadakis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Samonis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination