title: Trans-splicing of the mod(mdg4) complex locus is conserved between the distantly related species Drosophila melanogaster and D. virilis.
abstract: The modifier of mdg4, mod(mdg4), locus in Drosophila melanogaster represents a new type of complex gene in which functional diversity is resolved by mRNA trans-splicing. A protein family of >30 transcriptional regulators, which are supposed to be involved in higher-order chromatin structure, is encoded by both DNA strands of this locus. Mutations in mod(mdg4) have been identified independently in a number of genetic screens involving position-effect variegation, modulation of chromatin insulators, apoptosis, pathfinding of nerve cells, and chromosome pairing, indicating pleiotropic effects. The unusual gene structure and mRNA trans-splicing are evolutionary conserved in the distantly related species Drosophila virilis. Chimeric mod(mdg4) transcripts encoded from nonhomologous chromosomes containing the splice donor from D. virilis and the acceptor from D. melanogaster are produced in transgenic flies. We demonstrate that a significant amount of protein can be produced from these chimeric mRNAs. The evolutionary and functional conservation of mod(mdg4) and mRNA trans-splicing in both Drosophila species is furthermore demonstrated by the ability of D. virilis mod(mdg4) transgenes to rescue recessive lethality of mod(mdg4) mutant alleles in D. melanogaster.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics, Martin Luther University, D-06120 Halle, Germany.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gabler
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volkmar
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weinlich
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herbst
authors.forename: Philine
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dobberthien
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sklarss
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fanti
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pimpinelli
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Reuter
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dorn
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002843:Chromatin; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017344:Genes, Insect; D005804:Genes, Lethal; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D016678:Genome; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D020040:Trans-Splicing; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C110987:mdg4 protein (gypsy)