title: Pharmacotherapy of pain in depressed older adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine pharmacotherapy for pain in a sample of 1,801 depressed older primary care patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey data collected from 1999 to 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen primary care clinics belonging to eight healthcare organizations in five states.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand eight hundred one patients aged 60 and older who met diagnostic criteria for major depression or dysthymia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diagnoses or treatment for chronic pain, functional impairment from pain, and use of over-the-counter and prescription analgesic medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand four hundred sixteen (79%) participants reported functional impairment from pain in the previous month, and 1,024 (57%) reported a diagnosis of or treatment for chronic pain in the previous 3 years. Fifty-one percent of those with recent functional impairment from pain reported any analgesic use, ranging from 31% to 75% across the participating healthcare organizations. Opioid analgesic use varied from 5% to 34%. Predictors of analgesic use included a history of chronic pain or arthritis and the degree of functional impairment from pain in the previous month. Differences in analgesic use across participating organizations remained significant after adjusting for clinical and demographic covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most depressed older adults in the sample reported recent functional impairment from pain and a history of chronic pain, but almost half of those with functional impairment from pain did not report using analgesic medications. Participating organizations varied substantially in their use of analgesics, suggesting that there is room to improve the quality of pain management in depressed older adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. unutzer@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Unützer
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferrell
authors.forename: Elizabeth H B
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Tonya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marmon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics