title: The two faces of Eve: dopamine's modulation of wakefulness and sleep.
abstract: In Parkinson's disease (PD), waking is frequently punctuated by sleep episodes, including rapid eye movement (REM) (i.e., dream) sleep, and sleep is interrupted by motor activities such as periodic limb movements and REM sleep behavior disorder. Because these pathologic behaviors are unaccounted for by contemporary models, this review summarizes the complex effects of dopamine (DA) on normal and pathological waking-sleeping. Maintenance of wakefulness is probably promoted by mesocorticolimbic DA circuits, and suppression of nocturnal movement appears to be influenced by indirect pathways linking midbrain DA neurons with pre-motor structures in the mesopontine tegmentum and ventromedial medulla. A diencephalospinal DA system may have an additional important role in mediating state-specific sensorimotor activity that is relevant to periodic limb movements and restless legs syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Emory Healthcare Program in Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Suite 6000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. drye@emory.edu
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rye
mesh_terms: D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D020189:Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D011149:Pons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020919:Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000502:physiology; D013788:Thalamus / Q000502:physiology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D004298:Dopamine