title: Misclassification of exposure is high when interview data on drug use are used as a proxy measure of chronic drug use during follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In many observational studies, the association between drugs and disease is analyzed with information from a baseline interview. We investigated the magnitude and direction of exposure misclassification by comparing interview data at baseline with prospectively gathered pharmacy data.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population for this study consisted of a cohort of 2,487 participants aged 71 years or older from the Rotterdam Study. Data on drug use were gathered at the baseline interview and through pharmacies during the follow-up period between January 1, 1991, and January 1, 1999. We assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of interview data as proxy measures of chronic use of calcium channel blockers (CCB) in comparison with longitudinal medication records from the pharmacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 3 of the 206 subjects (1.5%) who reported use at baseline did not use CCBs during follow-up. Of the 2,281 persons who reported no use of CCBs at baseline, however, 354 actually used CCBs during follow-up (15.5%). The difference between interview data and pharmacy records corresponded to a misclassification bias of 0.73 (95%CI: 0.52-1.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Misclassification of exposure was high when interview data were used as a proxy measure of chronic use during follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annette B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Beiderbeck
authors.forename: Miriam C J M
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Sturkenboom
authors.forename: Jan W W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Coebergh
authors.forename: Hubert G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leufkens
authors.forename: Bruno H Ch
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Stricker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015982:Bias; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017891:Pharmacoepidemiology / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers