title: Sustainability and effectiveness of comprehensive diabetes care to a district population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether diabetes care in a district population can be sustained over time and intensive management of multiple risk factors can be achieved against a background of rising prevalence of known diabetes and shift of responsibility towards primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of process and outcome measures achieved by a comprehensive diabetes service. Routine data were collected from patients registered with diabetes in a district population by repeated cross-sectional survey in 1991 (n = 2284 patients) and 2001 (n = 5809 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1991 and 2001 the recording of body mass index (76.8 vs. 71.3%, P = 0.01) and HbA(1c) measurement (92.2 vs. 86.4%, P < 0.001) decreased, whereas recording of smoking status (72.4 vs. 82%, P < 0.001), cholesterol level (54.7 vs. 82.5%, P < 0.001) and eye screening result (86.1 vs. 91.3%, P < 0.001) improved. Surviving patients with Type 2 diabetes had significant improvements in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol, significant deterioration in HbA(1c) and creatinine, and no change in body mass index. Changes in blood pressure and HbA(1c) over time were similar to those reported in the UKPDS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The delivery of processes and outcomes of care to a district population can be sustained at a high level over a 10-year period within a comprehensive diabetes service. We would suggest that a multifaceted complex intervention is required to achieve these results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine and General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Mercer's Medical Centre, Lower Stephen Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. dwhitford@rcsi.ie
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Whitford
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D015995:Prevalence; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards*; D011787:Quality of Health Care
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin