Adverse motor effects induced by antiepileptic drugs.
Cognitive effects of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have been already extensively reported. In contrast, motor disturbances, frequently induced by these drugs, have not received similar attention. We review subjective and objective adverse motor effects of traditional and new AEDs. We discuss the methodological issues caused by the heterogeneous sources of information on drug adverse effects (controlled clinical studies, open studies, and case reports). We describe specific disturbances (vestibulocerebellar, dyskinesias, parkinsonism, tics, myoclonus, and tremor) as the effects of different AEDs on distinct motor circuitries. Finally, we summarize the role of sophisticated technical studies which provide a valuable insight into the specific or subtle effects of AEDs on the central nervous system.
Zaccara
G
G
Unit of Neurology, S. Maria Nuova Hospital, Fierenze, Italy. gzaccara@tin.it
Cincotta
M
M
Borgheresi
A
A
Balestrieri
F
F
D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004244:Dizziness / Q000139:chemically induced; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D009207:Myoclonus / Q000139:chemically induced; D015840:Oculomotor Nerve Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000139:chemically induced; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D020323:Tics / Q000139:chemically induced
D000927:Anticonvulsants