title: No association of the A260G and A386G DAZL single nucleotide polymorphisms with male infertility in a Caucasian population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The human DAZ gene family includes two autosomal genes, BOULE and DAZL, and a Y-chromosomal DAZ gene cluster. All are RNA-binding proteins and assumed to be master regulators of germline gene expression. We have investigated the impact of two DAZL polymorphisms, located at nucleotide positions 260 (SNP 260) and 386 (SNP 386), on the fertility of Caucasian men. These single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been described previously to be associated with spermatogenic failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted from 165 normozoospermic men and 202 oligo- or azoospermic patients, of whom 28 displayed an AZFc deletion. The frequencies of A or G allelic variants in SNP 260 and 386 were analysed via TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. In both cases, the A to G transition leads to a threonine to alanine change.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 24.2% of the controls showed a heterozygous nucleotide variant (AG) for the SNP 260 and the remaining 75.8% were homozygous for A. In the AZFc-deleted group, this distribution was significantly different, with 39.3% for AG, 57.1% for AA and 3.6% for GG. However, the increased heterozygosity was not correlated with sperm counts and morphology. The patients without deletions displayed a similar allelic pattern to the controls (24.1% AG/75.9% AA). For SNP 386, only the AA nucleotide variant was found in all subjects studied and in no case was the previously described heterozygous AG variant found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a selected Caucasian population, the DAZL SNP 386 is completely absent and SNP 260 is not associated with spermatogenic failure and therefore does not represent a molecular marker for genetic diagnosis of male infertility.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive Medicine of the University, Domagkstrasse 11, D-48129 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tschanter
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kostova
authors.forename: C Marc
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Luetjens
authors.forename: Trevor G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Eberhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nieschlag
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gromoll
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005828:Genetics, Population; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology; D013912:Threonine / Q000235:genetics; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C101358:DAZL protein, human; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D013912:Threonine; D000409:Alanine