title: Treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer, results and prognostic factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of the results and prognostic factors in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer treated with curative intent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with an isolated pelvic recurrence of rectal cancer were studied retrospectively. The treatment consisted of radiotherapy alone or combined with chemotherapy and/or surgery performed between January 1992 and July 2001. Radiotherapy was given with a 3-4 fields technique (6-15 MV), five times a week. The median radiation dose was 50 Gy (range 25-66.6 Gy). Twenty-five patients underwent salvage surgery. Five patients were treated with concomitant chemotherapy (5-fluoro-uracil/leucovorin) (5FU/LV) during the 1st and 5th week of radiotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two of the 40 patients were male. The local recurrence free survival after 3 and 5 years, respectively, was 49 and 39%. Male gender was the only independent factor associated with failure of local control. The 3 and 5-year overall survival of the total group was 36 and 19%, respectively, with a median survival of 26 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a selection of patients in the treatment of locally recurrent rectal cancer valuable local palliation if not cure, can be reached. A multimodality approach seems to offer the best chances in this threatening situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Reerink
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Botke
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Sluiter
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Szabó
authors.forename: J T M
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Plukker
authors.forename: R C J
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Verschueren
authors.forename: G A P
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hospers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome