title: Azithromycin for cystic fibrosis.
abstract: During what is a relatively barren time for new therapies for cystic fibrosis (CF), azithromycin has received a lot of attention as a potential treatment for CF lung disease. Laboratory studies suggest that azithromycin may have indirect actions, including anti-inflammatory, in addition to the standard antibacterial properties. The unique pharmacokinetics of azithromycin sets it aside from other macrolide antibiotics, but may result in increased resistance patterns. Three well-designed randomised controlled trials have demonstrated a small but significant improvement in respiratory function (forced expiratory volume in one second) with azithromycin compared with placebo. These trial results are confirmed by a recent meta-analysis. Mild adverse events (wheeze, diarrhoea and nausea) were significantly increased in one trial. There is no clear consensus regarding the correct dose and length of treatment with azithromycin. The present review discusses the role of azithromycin in the management of cystic fibrosis and the need for close monitoring of patients started on this drug. In addition, clinics should liaise closely with their microbiology departments and monitor resistance patterns.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Health, University of Liverpool, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Eaton Road, Alder Hey, Liverpool L12 2AP, UK. kwsouth@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Southern
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Barker
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin