title: Preliminary report of the discovery of a new pharmaceutical granulation process using foamed aqueous binders.
abstract: Spray granulation is commonly used to improve the flow of drug formulation powders by adding liquid binders. We have discovered a new granulation process whereby liquid binders are added as aqueous foam. Initial experiments indicate that foam granulations require less binder than spray granulations, less water is added to the powder mass, rates of addition of foam can be greater than rates of addition of sprayed liquids, and foam can be added in a single batch to the surface of the powder mass for incorporation at some later stage in the process. This new process appears to have no detrimental effects on granulate, tablet, or in vitro drug dissolution properties. In addition, the elimination of spray addition reduces the complexity of the process and avoids the plugging problems associated with spray nozzles. Several formulations were successfully scaled up from laboratory scale (1.5 kg) to pilot scale (15 kg). Process control was good and there was no detrimental effect on tablet and drug dissolution properties. This paper also proposes a working hypothesis of the mechanism by which foam granulation operates.
authors.affiliation: Larkin Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI 48674, USA. cmkeary@dow.com
authors.forename: Colin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Keary
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sheskey
mesh_terms: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D012995:Solubility; D013607:Tablets; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011208:Powders; D013607:Tablets; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D013806:Theophylline