title: Quinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae: determination of mutant selection window for ciprofloxacin, garenoxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.
abstract: Stepwise selection of ciprofloxacin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae mutants produced first-, second-, third-, and fourth-step substitutions in GyrA (S84Y), ParC (S84R), GyrA (D88N), and ParC (E88K), respectively. Successive mutations raised the mutant selection window. The wild-type selection window for garenoxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin was also measured.
authors.affiliation: Public Health Research Institute, 225 Warren St., Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
authors.forename: Xinying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Noriel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mariano
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rahal
authors.forename: Carl M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Drlica
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D064704:Levofloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase; D000077266:Moxifloxacin