title: In-line coagulation with low-pressure membrane filtration.
abstract: The objectives were to investigate the effects of in-line coagulation on removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and turbidity and on fouling of membranes during ultrafiltration (UF). Coagulants were added prior to UF, without intermediate use of conventional processes for removal of particles. Synthetic and natural raw waters were examined. Charge neutralization, sweep floc, and under-dose conditions (with respect to conventional treatment) were all effective for removal of NOM and turbidity by UF. Most coagulation conditions resulted in decreased resistance to filtration and improved hydraulic removal of filter cake, including conditions that would be ineffective prior to conventional settling and rapid-filtration. Flocs that were produced under charge neutralization conditions and acidic under-dose conditions produced lower hydraulic resistance and were less compressible than for sweep floc conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 212 Sackett Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. yjc103@psu.edu
authors.forename: Kevin Young-june
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dempsey
mesh_terms: D005374:Filtration; D005427:Flocculation; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D014873:Water Pollutants