title: Dengue emergence and adaptation to peridomestic mosquitoes.
abstract: Phylogenetic evidence suggests that endemic and epidemic dengue viruses (DENV), transmitted among humans by the anthropophilic mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, emerged when ancestral, sylvatic DENV transmitted among nonhuman primates by sylvatic Aedes mosquitoes adapted to these peridomestic vectors. We tested this hypothesis by retrospectively examining evidence for adaptation of epidemic and endemic versus sylvatic strains of DENV-2 to Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti. First and second-generation offspring of mosquitoes from different geographic regions in the Americas and Southeast Asia were tested for their susceptibility to epidemic/endemic and sylvatic DENV-2 isolates from West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Both Aedes species were highly susceptible (up to 100% infected) to endemic/epidemic DENV-2 strains after ingesting artificial blood meals but significantly less susceptible (as low as 0%) to sylvatic DENV-2 strains. Our findings support the hypothesis that adaptation to peridomestic mosquito vectors mediated dengue emergence from sylvatic progenitor viruses.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0609, USA.
authors.forename: Abelardo C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moncayo
authors.forename: Zoraida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Mawlouth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.forename: Amadou
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sall
authors.forename: Sammie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: C Todd
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Lark
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: Christian C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mathiot
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Tesh
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D000330:Aedes / Q000821:virology*; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003715:Dengue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003716:Dengue Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007303:Insect Vectors; D007814:Larva