title: Risk factors for brain relapse in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occurrence of brain metastases is an emerging problem in patients with metastatic breast cancer. In the present study, we looked at risk factors for brain metastasis among patients with metastatic breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The risk factors for brain metastasis were first determined in a series of 215 patients with metastatic breast cancer. Risk factors identified in the multivariate analysis were re-evaluated in a confirmatory series of 199 patients with metastatic breast cancer. All the patients had been included in prospective randomized trials that evaluated chemotherapy or endocrine therapy in an adjuvant setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first series, the presence of lung metastases (hazard ratio = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.9-9.3, P=0.0003) and negative hormone receptor status (hazard ratio = 4.2, 95% CI: 1.7-11, P=0.002) were the only predictive factors associated with the occurrence of brain metastases in the multivariate analysis. The second series confirmed that the presence of lung metastases and negative hormone receptor status were associated with the occurrence of brain metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of lung metastases as the first site of relapse and a negative hormone receptor status are predictive for the occurrence of brain metastases in patients with metastatic breast cancer. A prophylactic treatment should be evaluated in these subsets of patients.
authors.affiliation: Breast Cancer Unit, Departments of Medicine and Biostatistics, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Slimane
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andre
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delaloge
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunant
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Massard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spielmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors