title: The anthropogenic contribution to the organic load of the Lippe River (Germany). Part I: Qualitative characterisation of low-molecular weight organic compounds.
abstract: GC/MS-screening analyses of water samples from the Lippe River, Germany, revealed the presence of a wide spectrum of low-molecular weight organic compounds ranging from non-polar constituents like aliphatic hydrocarbons to polar constituents like n-carboxylic acids and phenols. Most of the identified compounds could be attributed to anthropogenic input and are used as plasticizers, flame retardants, pharmaceutical drugs or fragrances. Some of them had rarely been noticed as organic pollutants of aquatic environments before. These are, among others, 9-methylacridine, the plasticizer 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentandioldiisobutyrate (TXIB), the surfactant 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol (TMDD), triphenylphosphinoxide and the flame retardant tris(chloropropyl)phosphate. On the other hand, most of the identified trialkyl phosphates, pharmaceutical drugs and synthetic fragrances have been reported in surface waters by several authors so far. Input pathways of the detected compounds were traced back by sampling various input sources of organic matter such as discharges of wastewater and Lippe River tributaries. Several contaminants were ubiquitous in Lippe River water and also occurred in sewage effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant and in samples from the tributaries. This observation suggests that they are typical sewage derived contaminants and have the potential to be used as anthropogenic molecular markers.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany. dsiko@lek.rwth-aachen.de
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dsikowitzky
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schwarzbauer
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kronimus
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Littke
mesh_terms: D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005858:Germany; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D010476:Perfume / Q000032:analysis; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000032:analysis; D045483:Rivers / Q000737:chemistry*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005411:Flame Retardants; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010476:Perfume; D010968:Plasticizers; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical