title: Follow-up of infants exposed to hydroxychloroquine given to mothers during pregnancy and lactation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of hydroxychloroquine treatment during pregnancy and lactation on babies of mothers affected by rheumatic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 40 infants born from mothers affected by rheumatic diseases and treated with hydroxychloroquine during pregnancy were enrolled in a prospective observational study. Main outcome measures at birth were incidence of prematurity, congenital malformations and neonatal infections. Of these babies, including 13 who were breast-fed, 24 were followed up during early infancy for visual function and neurodevelopmental outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preterm delivery was the main complication (20.5%). No significant congenital malformations or neonatal infections were detected. All infants, including those who were breast-fed, had normal visual function and neurodevelopmental outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hydroxychloroquine treatment during gestation and lactation appeared to be safe. The relatively high incidence of preterm deliveries may reflect the maternal disease state.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology and NICU (M.M., A.M., G.C.), Spedali Civili - Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motta
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tincani
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faden
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zinzini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lojacono
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marchesi
authors.forename: Micol
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frassi
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Biasini
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zatti
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chirico
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002657:Child Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000209:etiology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D006886:Hydroxychloroquine