title: Factors influencing outcome in gastric cancer involving muscularis and subserosal layer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prognostic factors for advanced gastric carcinoma without serosal invasion (pT2 AGC) are not clear. In terms of prognosis, pT2 AGC is considered intermediate between early gastric cancer (EGC) and gastric carcinoma with serosal invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1985 to December 2000, 182 patients with pT2 AGC underwent curative gastric resection in our Department. Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis demonstrated that gender, tumour location, lymph node involvement, Borrmann type, number of lymph nodes involved, venous infiltration and extent of lymphadenectomy were significantly related to the prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that extent of lymph node metastasis (N1 vs N0 relative risk (RR) of recurrences=3.96, p<0.05; N2 vs N0 RR=6.55, p<0.05), and extent of lymphadenectomy (D1 vs D2 RR=3.2, p<0.01) were independent prognostic factors. In a subset of patients in which venous infiltration was analysed, this factor was also significant (RR=3.9, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that lymph node involvement and venous infiltration are important prognostic factors for pT2 AGC and, as such, adjuvant chemotherapy could be useful in this group of patients. An extensive lymph node dissection, minimum D2, should always be performed in order to reduce the risk of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fotia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marrelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Stefano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roviello
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome