title: Persistent HPV infection in postmenopausal age women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with an increased risk of developing cervical SIL and cancer in young women. Because this association in older, postmenopausal age women has received little attention, we evaluated persistence of HPV among women in this age group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women (n=105) ages 45-64 were examined annually for 7 years to evaluate HPV in cervical cytologic specimens. PCR, dot blot hybridization and DNA sequencing were used to detect HPV types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cumulative prevalence of HPV was 34%, and 24% had HPV high-risk oncogenic types which are associated with genital cancers. The most common oncogenic types were HPV-16 (72%) and HPV-31 (16%). The persistence rate of HPV infection was 16%. No specific risk factors were associated with repeat viral positivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postmenopausal women are infected with persistent oncogenic HPV at a substantial rate, supporting the need for continued screening in postmenopausal women to detect preneoplastic genital lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, 2800 SB, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. elaine-smith@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Feddersen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Turek
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Haugen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017698:Postmenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral