title: Polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene at position -308 and the inducible 70 kd heat shock protein gene at position +1267 in multifetal pregnancies and preterm premature rupture of fetal membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between preterm premature rupture of membranes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and heat shock protein-70 gene polymorphisms in multifetal gestations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Buccal swabs from 101 mother-neonate pairs of multifetal pregnancies were tested for single nucleotide polymorphisms at position -308 of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene and +1267 of the heat shock protein-70 gene. Pregnancy outcome data were obtained subsequently.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha allele 2 carriage by the first-born occurred in 10 of 27 pregnancies (37.0%) that resulted in preterm premature rupture of membranes compared with 6 of 67 pregnancies (9.0%) without preterm premature rupture of membranes ( P = .002). The allele frequency of tumor necrosis factor-alpha allele 2 and heat shock protein-70 allele 2 in the first born was higher in pregnancies that were complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (18.5% vs 4.5%; P = .003; and 57.7% vs 41.3%; P = .04, respectively). There was no relationship between tumor necrosis factor-alpha allele 2 or heat shock protein-70 allele 2 carriage by the second fetus or mother and preterm premature rupture of membranes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor necrosis factor-alpha allele 2 and/or heat shock protein-70 allele 2 carriage by the first-born fetus is associated with preterm premature rupture of membranes in multifetal pregnancies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, New York Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Robin B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kalish
authors.forename: Santosh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vardhana
authors.forename: Meruka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sriram C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Perni
authors.forename: Stephen T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chasen
authors.forename: Steven S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Witkin
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium / Q000235:genetics; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha