title: Orbital tuberculosis diagnosed by immunohistochemistry: case reports.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe three cases of orbital tuberculosis, with their clinical characteristics and respective diagnostic procedures, showing the importance of histopathology for the correct diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients diagnosed and treated for orbital tuberculosis, in the "Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo" during the years of 1999 and 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the patients were female and referred a chronic evolution of swelling of one eyelid associated or not with other symptoms. They had not HIV infection. Two of them had positive epidemiology for tuberculosis. However, the search for systemic evidence of the disease and staining for bacilli (Ziehl-Neelsen method) were negative in all three patients. In all the cases, only the biopsy with immunohistochemical analysis could confirm the diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Orbital involvement is a rare ocular manifestation of tuberculosis. Even in a tertiary hospital, few cases, if any, are diagnosed per year. However, the global incidence and prevalence of M. tuberculosis infections is not under control yet, and it has been a serious public health problem. Thus, one must be aware of the possibility of tuberculosis among the orbital diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital das Clínicas de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bráulio F T
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Fernanda C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Takay
authors.forename: Tatiana M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Santo
authors.forename: Abelardo C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matayoshi
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014392:Tuberculosis, Ocular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents