title: Bilateral persistence of type 1 proatlantal arteries: report of a case and review of the literature.
abstract: Persistent proatlantal artery type 1 is one of the four anastomotic vessels between the carotid and vertebrobasilar arterial systems. Persistence of this embryonic anastomosis is extremely rare. We present such a case with bilateral persistent proatlantal arteries that arose from internal carotid arteries, entered the skull via the foramen magnum and united with the horizontal portions of vertebral arteries. We also mention its embryology, potential clinical implications, and differentiating features between two types of proatlantal arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Terman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gumus
authors.forename: Baran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Onal
authors.forename: Erhan T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ilgit
mesh_terms: D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D001027:Aortography; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D020785:Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D001270:Cervical Atlas / Q000098:blood supply*; D005539:Foramen Magnum / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology