title: Kidney transplantation from non-heart-beating donors: analysis of organ procurement and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most donors in Japan have been non-heart-beating donors (NHBD), so-called "marginal donors." In Western countries kidney transplants from NHBD have also been increasing. We analyzed 120 kidneys harvested from NHBD with regard to organ procurement, renal function, graft survival, and the donor factors that affected graft survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Donors were moved into the operating room after cardiac arrest. A double-balloon catheter was inserted into the abdominal aorta via laparotomy. In situ cooling by Euro-Collins solution was started at 500 mL/min. We did not performed cannulation into the femoral artery or vein prior to cardiac arrest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Warm ischemia time (WIT) was 18.6 minutes. Among 108 kidneys (90%) used for transplantation, 102 kidneys functioned. There were no cases of bilateral nonfunctioning kidneys. The delayed graft function (DGF) rate was 86%; however, the death-censored graft survival was 80.0% at 5 years and 62.9% at 10 years. Kidneys implanted after more than 24 hours of total ischemia time required a significantly longer period of hemodialysis. Donor risk factors that affected graft survival included WIT >/= 20 minutes, donor age >/= 50 years, and serum creatinine level at admission > 1.0 mg/dL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Organ procurement without cannulation prior to cardiac arrest entailed a long WIT and a high DGF rate. However, the graft survival was good. It has been necessary to use grafts from NHBD despite the inherent risk factors. It is important to reduce kidney damage both at the organ procurement and during the posttransplant management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan. nishiki@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishikido
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanetake
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shindo
mesh_terms: D006323:Heart Arrest; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014019:Tissue Donors; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016896:Treatment Outcome