State personality disorder in social phobia.
To examine the effects of state on personality disorder characteristics, we compared individuals with social phobia before and after psychological intervention. Administration of the Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-4) before and after treatment allowed for the identification of three groups of patients: (1) individuals who showed elevated PDQ-4 scores but little changes from intake to post treatment (Trait PD group; n = 28); (2) individuals who showed a decrease in PDQ-4 scores from intake to post treatment (State group; n = 33); and (3) a group with no significant personality disorder characteristics at pre or post-treatment (No PD group; n = 32). There were trend differences between the Trait, State and No PD groups for being single, never married (81.5%, 44.4%, and 56.3%, p < .05) and a significant difference for having the generalized form of Social Phobia (96.4%, 88.9%, and 59.4%, p < .0001). The groups also differed in their level of trait anxiety (61.6, 51.2, 44.5, p < .001). Groups also differed in level of the personality measure Harm Avoidance (26.3, 23.3, 19.8, p < .0002). The reduction of personality disorder traits in the State PD groups from intake to post-treatment was not specific to any particular personality disorder or personality disorder cluster. Trait personality appeared to have a higher risk for suicide compared to the other two groups. A State Personality group was identified in individuals with social phobia by following changes in personality pathology from before and after a psychological intervention.
Reich
James
J
Departments of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA. jhreich@ix.netcom.com
Hofmann
Stefan G
SG
D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D015897:Comorbidity; D003710:Demography; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires