title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor serum concentrations are increased in drug-naive schizophrenic patients with chronic cannabis abuse and multiple substance abuse.
abstract: Neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are critically implicated in development and maintenance of function of neurons. Neurodevelopment is reported to be impaired in schizophrenia and vulnerable schizophrenic brains may be more sensitive to toxic influences. Thus, cannabis as a neurotoxin, may be more harmful to schizophrenic brains than to non-schizophrenic brains when used chronically. And neurotoxic events may promote disease-onset and lead to exaggerated release of neurotrophins. We investigated 157 drug-naive first-episode schizophrenic patients and found significantly elevated BDNF serum concentrations (by up to 34%) in patients with chronic cannabis abuse (n = 35, p < 0.001) or multiple substance abuse (n = 20, p < 0.001) prior to disease onset. Drug-naive schizophrenic patients without cannabis consumption showed similar results to normal controls and cannabis controls without schizophrenia. Thus, raised BDNF serum levels are not related to schizophrenia and/or substance abuse itself but may reflect a cannabis-related idiosyncratic damage of the schizophrenic brain. In line with this hypothesis, disease onset was 5.2 years earlier in the cannabis-consuming group (p = 0.0111).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Eschenallee 3, 14050 Berlin, Germany. maria.jockers@charite.de
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Jockers-Scherübl
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Danker-Hopfe
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mahlberg
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Selig
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rentzsch
authors.forename: Falk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schürer
authors.forename: Undine E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hellweg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D002188:Cannabis / Q000009:adverse effects; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor