title: Pre-prandial vs. post-prandial capillary glucose measurements as targets for repaglinide dose titration in people with diet-treated or metformin-treated Type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Repaglinide is an oral anti-diabetic agent that has a short duration of action, and is suitable for preventing post-prandial rises in glucose levels. Targeting post-prandial glucose levels may lead to lower HbA(1c) levels and rates of hypoglycaemia than targeting pre-prandial glucose levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 42 centres, 193 drug-naive (n = 122) or metformin-treated (n = 71) individuals with Type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to a 40-day period of repaglinide dose-titration (starting at 0.5 mg three times daily) based on either self-measured pre-prandial or post-prandial glucose levels. They were followed for a further 12 weeks and HbA(1c) and hypoglycaemia rates were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repaglinide reduced HbA(1c) by 1.25 and 1.07% in the post-prandial and pre-prandial groups, respectively (P for difference = 0.6), and achieved target glucose levels in 80.7 and 66.7%, respectively (P = 0.16). The effect of titration strategy differed by baseline drug therapy, and was more effective in the metformin-treated individuals who experienced a HbA(1c) fall of 0.6 vs. 1.10% with pre-prandial vs. post-prandial titration (P for metformin-allocated group interaction = 0.043). The rate of hypoglycaemia did not differ by group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In drug-naive individuals with Type 2 diabetes, similar HbA(1c) levels are achieved with repaglinide when dosing is adjusted according to either post-prandial or pre-prandial levels. Conversely, in metformin-treated individuals, repaglinide dosing according to post-prandial levels may lead to better glycaemic control than dosing according to pre-prandial levels.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada. gerstein@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Gerstein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Joyce
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rolfe
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Walter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002219:Carbamates; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin; D010880:Piperidines; C072379:repaglinide