title: Long-term follow-up of dynamic graciloplasty for faecal incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents the long-term morbidity, function and quality of life data for patients who have undergone dynamic graciloplasty (DGP) for faecal incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients (n = 38) who had undergone DGP at one institution between 1993 and 2003 are presented. Thirty-three were available for long-term follow-up (median 60 months) and completed a telephone questionnaire assessing quality of life (QOL), bowel and sexual function and patient satisfaction. All patients had interval anorectal physiology studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median follow-up of 5 years, 72% had pain, swelling or paraesthesia in the donor leg and 27% had sexual dysfunction. Sixteen percent of patients had been converted to an end-colostomy for persisting incontinence and 11% for obstructed defaecation. All other patients have a normally functioning graciloplasty. Sixteen percent of patients reported a faecal continence score < 12. Of those patients with a functioning graciloplasty, 50% had obstructed defaecation and 64% reported that their bowel dysfunction had a negative impacted on their QOL. Age, medical comorbidity and anal manometry did not correlate with functional outcome. Quality of life scores and patient satisfaction scores correlated significantly with continence scores. There was a trend toward higher QOL and satisfaction scores with conversion to colostomy compared with a continence score > 12. Sixty percent of patients rated their satisfaction with DGP as 50% or better on a visual analogue scale, and this correlated strongly with the continence score at the time of the assessment (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dynamic graciloplasty significantly improves patient quality of life and anal continence for some patients. Despite increased experience, morbidity remains high and long-term continence scores are poor in a majority of cases. Obstructed defaecation is a significant problem after graciloplasty and antegrade colonic enemas may be needed. Significant prognostic factors for obstructed defaecation remain to be identified. The mechanism of both continence failure and surgical morbidity remains poorly defined in many patients and requires further investigation. The individual patient can expect a 16% chance of normal faecal continence at 5 years, with at least one surgical morbidity as a result of the procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, St George Hospital, Sydney Colorectal Associates, University of New South Wales, Sydney.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: D Z
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Lubowski
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000637:transplantation*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011788:Quality of Life; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome