title: An attempt to estimate students' workload.
abstract: Following the recent introduction of the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) into several European university programs, a new interest has developed in determining students' workload. ECTS credits are numerical values describing the student workload required to complete course units; ECTS has the potential to facilitate comparison and create transparency between institutional curricula. ECTS credits are frequently listed alongside institutional credits in course outlines and module summaries. Measuring student workload has been difficult; to a large extent, estimates are based only upon anecdotal and casual information. To gather more systematic information, we asked students at the Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, to estimate the actual total workload they committed to fulfill their coursework obligations for specific subjects in the veterinary degree program by reporting their attendance at defined contact hours and their estimated time for outside study, including the time required for examinations and other activities. Students also reported the final grades they received for these subjects. The results show that certain courses require much more work than others, independent of credit unit assignment. Generally, the courses with more contact hours tend also to demand more independent work; the best predictor of both actual student workload and student success is the amount of contact time in which they participate. The data failed to show any strong connection between students' total workload and grades they received; rather, they showed some evidence that regular presence at contact hours was the most positive influence on grades. Less frequent presence at lectures tended to indicate less time spent on independent study. It was also found that pre-clinical and clinical courses tended to require more work from students than other, more general subjects. While the present study does not provide conclusive evidence, it does indicate the need for further inquiry into the nature of the relationship between teaching and learning in higher education and for evaluation of the benefits (or otherwise) of more "self-directed" study.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Berbecieva 60, 100 Ljubljana, Slovenia. milan.pogacnik@vf.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pogacnik
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Juznic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosorok-Drobnic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pogacnik
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cestnik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kogovsek
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pestevsek
authors.forename: Tito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fernandes
mesh_terms: D004520:Education, Veterinary; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017524:Slovenia; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016526:Workload