title: The antidepressant effects of risperidone and olanzapine in bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the antidepressant effectiveness of olanzapine and risperidone and compare their tolerability when employed adjunctively in bipolar I/II disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an observational study, twenty-one ambulatory subjects with DSM-IV defined bipolar I/II disorder, in any phase of the illness, openly received adjunctive risperidone or olanzapine. The primary efficacy parameters were the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) and the Maier and Philips Severity Subscale. Secondary efficacy parameters included the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) along with the Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI). Response was defined as a significant change from baseline to endpoint in the total mean HDRS-17 score. The primary tolerability parameters were the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) along with changes in weight and body mass index (BMI-kg/m2). Patients were evaluated prospectively with repeated monthly assessments for up to 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven patients openly received risperidone; 10 received olanzapine adjunctive to either lithium or divalproex. Total mean HDRS-17 scores significantly decreased from baseline to endpoint in both groups (p=0.001), with the mean HDRS-17 total scores falling from 17(SD=3.2) to 5(SD=1.5) by 6 months in the risperidone-treated group and from 18 (SD=1.9) to 7 (SD=2.0) in the olanzapine-treated group. Differences between the risperidone-treated group and the olanzapine-treated group were not significant at 6 months (p=0.754). The mean doses of study medication were 2.88 (SD=1.6) mg/day for the risperidone-treated group and 12.69 (SD=2.3) mg/day for the olanzapine-treated group. Both risperidone and olanzapine were generally well tolerated. No patients developed tardive dyskinesia. Significant weight gain was experienced by patients in both groups [mean weight gain at endpoint was 5.9 kg in risperidone (p=0.023) and 11.3 kg in olanzapine (p=0.001)]. There was a significant difference in weight gain between the risperidone-treated group and the olanzapine-treated group (p=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These pilot data, from the first prospective comparison study of risperidone and olanzapine in bipolar disorder, suggest that adjunctive administration of either agent may reduce depressive symptom severity. No subjects receiving risperidone or olanzapine developed tardive dyskinesia. Both compounds imparted substantial weight gain with significantly more weight gain accrual with olanzapine. As this was an observational study, the antidepressant effect and tolerability profile of these compounds requires validation via double-blind placebo controlled investigations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario. rmcintyr@uhnres.utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Roger S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: Janaki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: Jakub Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Konarski
authors.forename: Sidney H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D014635:Valproic Acid; D008094:Lithium; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine