title: Primary immunosuppression with tacrolimus in kidney transplantation: three-year follow-up in a single center.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 1-year results of the phase III US Multicenter Trial comparing tacrolimus- and cyclosporine (Sandimmun)-based immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation revealed a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of acute rejection episodes among patients maintained on tacrolimus. This retrospective, nonrandomized, single-center study represented 3-year data for patient and graft survival and safety in the tacrolimus-treated patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 97 consecutive kidney transplant recipients 41 who received tacrolimus and 56 cyclosporine-based immunosuppression were followed for 3 years for patient and graft survivals and for the incidence of acute rejection episodes as well as serious adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 3-year patient and graft survival rates for tacrolimus and cyclosporine were similar (91.0% vs 90.2%, 96.5% vs 95.0%). However, the incidence of acute rejection episodes was significantly lower in the tacrolimus (17.1%) compared with the cyclosporine group (35.7%, P = .043). There was a higher incidence of headache, posttransplant diabetes, and alopecia reported in the tacrolimus group, whereas hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and hirsutism were more frequent in the cyclosporine group. The incidences of hand tremor, hyperkalemia, and viral infections were comparable in both groups. Two patients in the tacrolimus group were converted to cyclosporine due to nephrotoxicity and posttransplant diabetes, respectively, whereas 12 patients in the cyclosporine group were converted to tacrolimus as rescue therapy for acute rejection (41.7%), gingival hyperplasia (33.3%), nephrotoxicity (8.3%), neurotoxicity (8.3%), and hirsutism (8.3%), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3-year results of tacrolimus treatment show excellent efficacy and safety in kidney transplantation. Due to different side-effect profiles, it is necessary to develop individualized immunosuppressive strategies in kidney transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Keimyung University Kidney Institute, Daegu, Korea. k780121@dsmc.or.kr
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus