title: Predictors of acute esophagitis in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma treated with concurrent chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy followed by surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate possible clinical and dosimetric predictors of acute esophagitis in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma treated in a prospective Phase I-II trimodality protocol.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data from 36 patients with Stage III non-small-cell lung carcinoma treated in a Phase I-II high-dose concurrent chemoradiotherapy protocol were analyzed for possible predictors of acute esophagitis. The median age was 58 years (range, 38-77 years). Patients included in this study had either Stage IIIA (n = 24) or IIIB (n = 12) disease. All patients were treated with induction concurrent carboplatin (area under the plasma concentration-time curve 1), vinorelbine (5-15 mg/m(2)), and hyperfractionated radiotherapy (69.6 Gy) followed by consolidation chemotherapy (carboplatin area under the plasma concentration-time curve 6, vinorelbine 25 mg/m(2), docetaxel 75 mg/m(2)) or surgery (n = 19) plus consolidation chemotherapy. Acute toxicities were graded using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. The following clinical and dosimetric parameters were analyzed: age, gender, race, T stage, N stage, pretreatment body mass index, percentage of weight lost during therapy, pretherapy serum albumin, tumor location, length of esophagus in treatment field, percentage of esophagus volume treated to >40, >45, >50, >55, >60, and >65 Gy. These parameters were coded and analyzed against Grade 2 and worse esophagitis using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 36 patients, Grade 1, 2, and 3 acute esophagitis was observed in 16 (44%), 12 (33%), and 2 (5.5%) patients, respectively. Grade 4 or 5 toxicity was not observed in this patient cohort. Only the pretreatment body mass index (rho = -0.431, p = 0.004) and percentage of esophagus volume treated to >50 Gy (rho = 0.297, p = 0.040) demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with the incidence of Grade 2 or worse esophagitis on univariate analysis. These parameters retained their statistical significance on multivariate regression analysis (p = 0.029 and 0.049, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients undergoing concurrent high-dose chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiotherapy, a low pretherapy body mass index and percentage of esophagus volume treated to >50 Gy were significantly associated with acute Grade 2 or worse esophagitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Ashish B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: Young
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Krasna
authors.forename: Mohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suntharalingam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077235:Vinorelbine
chemical_list: D014747:Vinblastine; D016190:Carboplatin; D000077235:Vinorelbine