title: Determination of amorphous content of lactose samples by solution calorimetry.
abstract: Earlies studies suggest that solution calorimetry can be used to determine the extent of amorphous content of drug and excipient, when the solubility and dissolution rate of the compound in the chosen solvent are reasonably high. In the present study, the use of solution calorimetry for assessment of amorphous content of a sample that is not completely dissolved in a solvent was evaluated. Physical mixtures of lactose and spray-dried lactose samples were analysed. The amorphous content of the physical mixtures and the spray-dried samples varied from 0% to 100% determined by isothermal microcalorimetry. The enthalpy of solution (delta(sol)H) was determined in water. The lactose samples were dissolved quickly in water. In addition, the enthalpy accompanied with an addition of a lactose sample in an over saturated aqueous solution (delta(sat)H) (prepared from the corresponding lactose sample) was determined. The lactose sample did not completely dissolve in the over saturated aqueous solution. An excellent correlation was observed between delta(sol)H and the amorphous content of the samples. Interestingly, there was a linear correlation also between delta(sat)H and the amorphous content of the samples. Further, a linear relationship was observed between the delta(sat)H and the delta(sol)H of the samples. Therefore, solution calorimetry may represent a rapid and simple method for determining the amorphous content also in samples that are not completely dissolved in the solvent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. paivi.harjunen@uku.fi
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harjunen
authors.forename: Vesa-Pekka
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koivisto
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levonen
authors.forename: Petteri
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paronen
authors.forename: Kristiina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Järvinen
mesh_terms: D002151:Calorimetry / Q000379:methods*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005079:Excipients / Q000737:chemistry; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012995:Solubility / Q000187:drug effects; D012996:Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D005079:Excipients; D012996:Solutions; D007785:Lactose