title: The pig caecum model: a suitable tool to study the intestinal metabolism of flavonoids.
abstract: Pig caecum was used under anaerobic conditions to metabolize flavonoids from several classes, i.e., chrysin 1, naringenin 2, quercetin 3, and hesperetin 4. Whereas chrysin 1 was not converted by the pig intestinal flora under the experimental conditions used, naringenin 2 was transformed to 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid and 3-phenylpropionic acid. Quercetin 3 was metabolized to phloroglucinol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxytoluene. Hesperetin 4 was degraded via eriodictyol to 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid and phloroglucinol. Structural elucidation of the formed metabolites was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography--diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) as well as HPLC-electrospray ionization--mass spectrometry (ESI-MS (MS)) and high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HRGC-MS) analyses. The time course of microbial conversion of 2-4 was determined by HPLC-DAD analysis, revealing slow degradation of 2 and rapid transformation of 3 and 4. The results lead to the conclusion that the pig caecum model is a suitable ex vivo model for studying the intestinal degradation of flavonoids.
authors.affiliation: FRUIT International Foundation, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Samira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Labib
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wickert
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Richling
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D044950:Flavanones / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006569:Hesperidin / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D011794:Quercetin / Q000378:metabolism; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D044950:Flavanones; D005419:Flavonoids; C043561:chrysin; D011794:Quercetin; D006569:Hesperidin; C005273:naringenin; C013015:hesperetin