title: Polymorphisms in genes coding for enzymes metabolizing smoking-derived substances and the risk of periodontitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the direct cause for periodontitis is oral bacterial infection, its progression depends upon genetic and environmental factors. Smoking, one of the environmental factors, is a risk factor for the development and severity of periodontitis. Therefore, individual susceptibility to periodontitis may be influenced by the polymorphisms of genes coding for enzymes metabolizing tobacco-derived substances. The object of this study is to investigate roles of genetic polymorphisms of these metabolizing enzymes in the risk for periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated three important enzymes: cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP2E1 and glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, involved in the metabolic activation and detoxification of tobacco-derived substances. The prevalence of the polymorphisms of these genes was examined in 115 patients with periodontitis as well as in 126 control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly increased risk for periodontitis was observed for subjects with the polymorphic CYP1A1 m2 allele (odds ratio (OR)=2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.2-4.4). A significant risk increase for periodontitis associated with the GSTM1 allele was observed (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.3-3.6). However, no association was observed between the CYP2E1 Pst1 polymorphism and risk for periodontitis (OR=1.3, 95% CI=0.6-2.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the GSTM1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms may play an important role in risk for periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Ku, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Won-Yoon
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Min-Ah
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyoo-Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kwang-Kyun
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation / Q000235:genetics; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019392:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase