title: The lupus anticoagulant is a risk factor for myocardial infarction (but not atherosclerosis): Hopkins Lupus Cohort.
abstract: Antiphospholipid antibodies, both anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant, are common in SLE. We asked, in a prospective cohort, whether these antibodies are predictive of atherosclerosis and/or coronary artery disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred eighty patients, 92% female, 49% Caucasian, 51% African-American, mean age 46.4+/-12.3 years are followed quarterly, with assessment of both anticardiolipin and lupus anticoagulant (dRVVT). These patients underwent both helical CT and carotid duplex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both the lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin are predictive of later venous or arterial thrombosis. Twenty years after diagnosis, SLE patients with the lupus anticoagulant (LA) have a 50% chance of a venous thrombotic event. Myocardial infarction occurs significantly more often in those with LA 22% vs. 9%, p=0.04. Neither anticardiolipin nor LA are associated with carotid IMT, carotid plaque, nor coronary calcium by helical CT. In aCL positive patients carotid IMT was 0.57+/-0.01 vs. 0.58+/-0.01 in aCL negative patients (p=NS); carotid plaque 0.47+/-0.13 vs. 0.32+/-0.10 (p=NS); and coronary calcium 65.4+/-37.4 vs. 65.4+/-30.2 (p=NS). In LA positive patients, carotid IMT was 0.59+/-0.03 vs. 0.59+/-0.02 in LA negative patients (p=NS); carotid plaque 0.07+/-0.02 (SE) vs. 0.80+/-0.02 (SE) (p=0.06); and coronary calcium 28.1+/-3.7 (SE) vs. 85.7+/-2.6 (SE) (p=NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antiphospholipid antibodies are not associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (carotid IMR, carotid plaque, helical CT coronary calcium), but are associated with actual thrombotic sequelae (myocardial infarction).
authors.affiliation: The John Hopkins Medical Institutions, Department of Medicine, Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument 7500, East Baltimore Campus, Baltimore MD, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D002118:Calcium