title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of intravenous hydromorphone in cats.
abstract: This study describes the pharmacokinetics of intravenous hydromorphone in cats and the simultaneous measurement of antinociceptive pharmacodynamic effects using a thermal threshold testing system. Following establishment of a baseline thermal threshold, six adult cats were administered 0.1 mg/kg of hydromorphone intravenously. Thermal threshold testing and blood collection were conducted simultaneously at predetermined time points. Plasma hydromorphone concentrations were determined by a liquid chromatographic-mass spectral method and pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by nonlinear least squares regression analysis. Plasma hydromorphone concentrations declined rapidly over time, and were below the limit of quantification of the assay (LOQ = 1.0 ng/mL) by 360 min. In contrast, thermal thresholds rose from a pretreatment value of 40.9 +/- 0.65 degrees C (mean +/- SEM) to instrument cut-out (55 degrees C) within 15 min and remained significantly elevated from 15-450 min after treatment. Inspection of the data revealed no direct correlation between plasma hydromorphone concentrations and the antinociceptive effect of this drug in cats. These findings support the importance of conducting pharmacokinetic studies in parallel with objective measurements of drug effect.
authors.affiliation: Racing Lab, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100117, Gainesville, FL 32610-0117, USA. wegnerk@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kollias-Baker
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sams
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Muir
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002415:Cats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004091:Hydromorphone