title: Decreased bioavailability of rifampin and other antituberculosis drugs in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease.
abstract: We evaluated the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease on pharmacokinetics of antituberculosis medications by measuring concentrations of isoniazid and rifampin in blood and of pyrazinamide and ethambutol in urine. Peak concentration and exposure were reduced for rifampin, and rapid acetylators of isoniazid had lower drug levels. HIV and HIV-tuberculosis patients who have diarrhea and cryptosporidial infection exhibit decreased bioavailability of antituberculosis drugs.
authors.affiliation: HIV-AIDS Division, Tuberculosis Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Mayor V.R. Ramanathan Rd., Chetput, Chennai 600 031, India.
authors.forename: Prema
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gurumurthy
authors.forename: Geetha
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Hemanth Kumar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rajasekaran
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Padmapriyadarsini
authors.forename: Soumya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Swaminathan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhagavathy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sekar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahilmaran
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ravichandran
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paramesh
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000328:Adult; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012293:Rifampin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D004977:Ethambutol; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin