title: Epidermal growth factor receptor regulates aberrant expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3.
abstract: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently overexpressed in esophageal carcinoma and its precursor lesions. To gain insights into how EGFR overexpression affects cellular functions in primary human esophageal cells, we performed gene expression profiling and identified insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 as the most up-regulated gene. IGFBP-3 regulates cell proliferation through both insulin-like growth factor-dependent and independent mechanisms. We found that IGFBP-3 mRNA and protein expression was increased in EGFR-overexpressing primary and immortalized human esophageal cells. IGFBP-3 was also up-regulated in EGFR-overexpressing cells in organotypic culture and in EGFR transgenic mice. Furthermore, IGFBP-3 mRNA was overexpressed in 80% of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and 60% of primary esophageal adenocarcinomas. Concomitant up-regulation of EGFR and IGFBP-3 was observed in 60% of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry revealed cytoplasmic localization of IGFBP-3 in the preponderance of preneoplastic and neoplastic esophageal lesions. IGFBP-3 was also overexpressed in esophageal cancer cell lines at both mRNA (60%) and protein (40%) levels. IGFBP-3 secreted by cancer cells was capable of binding to insulin-like growth factor I. Functionally, epidermal growth factor appeared to regulate IGFBP-3 expression in esophageal cancer cell lines. Finally, suppression of IGFBP-3 by small interfering RNA augmented cell proliferation, suggesting that IGFBP-3 may inhibit tumor cell proliferation as a negative feedback mechanism. In aggregate, we have identified for the first time that IGFBP-3 is an aberrantly regulated gene through the EGFR signaling pathway and it may modulate EGFR effects during carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-2144, USA.
authors.forename: Munenori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Claudia D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Andl
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Naomoto
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Dempsey
authors.forename: Andres J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Klein-Szanto
authors.forename: Wafik S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: El-Deiry
authors.forename: Adda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grimberg
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002455:Cell Division; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000502:physiology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D004947:Esophagus / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019098:Telomerase / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019098:Telomerase