title: Consequences of comorbidity of developmental coordination disorders and learning disabilities for severity and pattern of perceptual-motor dysfunction.
abstract: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have difficulty learning and performing age-appropriate perceptual-motor skills in the absence of diagnosable neurological disorders. Descriptive studies have shown that comorbidity of DCD exists with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities (LD). This study examined the consequences of the comorbidity of DCD and LD for the severity and pattern of perceptual-motor dysfunction. Compared to children with DCD without LD, children with comorbid DCD and LD performed lower on a standardized assessment of perceptual-motor ability. Furthermore, it appeared that children with combined DCD and LD have particular difficulty performing manual dexterity and balance tasks but not ball-skill tasks. Implications for understanding the relationship between LD and perceptual-motor problems are discussed. We conclude that the comorbidity of DCD and LD not only affects the severity of perceptual-motor dysfunction but also is associated with a distinctive pattern of perceptual-motor dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of General and Special Education, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. m.jongmans@fss.uu.nl
authors.forename: Marian J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jongmans
authors.forename: Bouwien C M
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Smits-Engelsman
authors.forename: Marina M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Schoemaker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index