title: Perspectives, preferences, care practices, and outcomes among older and middle-aged patients with late-stage cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate relationships among physician and cancer patient survival estimates, patients' perceived quality of life, care preferences, and outcomes, and how they vary across middle-aged and older patient groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were from the Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT) prospective cohort studied in five US teaching hospitals (from 1989 to 1994), and included 720 middle-aged (45 to 64 years) and 696 older (> or = 65 years) patients receiving care for advanced cancer. Perspectives were assessed in physician and patient/surrogate interviews; care practices and outcomes were determined from hospital records and the National Death Index. General linear models were used within age groups to obtain adjusted estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although most patients had treatment goals to relieve pain, treatment preferences and care practices were linked only in the older group. For older patients, preference for life-extending treatment was associated with more therapeutic interventions and more documented discussions; cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) preference was linked to more therapeutic interventions and longer survival. For middle-aged patients, better perceived quality of life was associated with preferring CPR. In both groups, patients' higher survival estimates were associated with preferences for life-prolonging treatment and CPR; physicians' higher survival estimates were associated with patients' preferences for CPR, fewer documented treatment limitation discussions about care, and actual 6-month survival. More discussions were associated with readmissions and earlier death. More aggressive care was not related to outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fewer older patients preferred CPR or life-prolonging treatments. Although older patients' goals for aggressive treatment were related to care, this was not so for middle-aged patients. Aggressive care was not related to prolonged life in either group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine-Geriatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA. julia.rose@case.edu
authors.forename: Julia Hannum
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Elizabeth E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: O'Toole
authors.forename: Neal V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Renee
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gurley
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Mary Beth
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: Harvey J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D016414:Resuscitation Orders; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013727:Terminal Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome