title: Demonstration of cranial sutures and fontanelles at 15 to 16 weeks of gestation: a comparison between two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of obtaining good quality three-dimensional ultrasound pictures of the cranial sutures and fontanelles and to compare between two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound in identifying the normal appearance of cranial sutures and fontanelles by the transvaginal approach at 15 to 16 weeks of gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty fetuses were prospectively evaluated by two-dimensional and three-dimensional transvaginal sonography between 15 and 16 weeks of gestation. The sagittal, coronal, lambdoidal, and metopic sutures, as well as anterior and posterior fontanelles, were inspected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three-dimensional ultrasound enabled visualization of all sutures in 37 (74%) fetuses compared to 28 (56%) fetuses examined by two-dimensional ultrasonography (p = NS). The visualization of the sagittal suture was significantly superior by three-dimensional ultrasonography compared to two-dimensional ultrasonography (50 (100%) vs 35 (70%), p < 0.001). No significant difference between the two modalities was found in visualization of the fontanelles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sutures and fontanelles are usually satisfactorily demonstrated by two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound at 15 to 16 weeks of gestation. The sagittal suture is difficult to visualize using two-dimensional ultrasound, and three-dimensional ultrasound appears to be the best method for its demonstration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ginath
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Debby
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003393:Cranial Sutures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*