title: Childhood videotaped social and neuromotor precursors of schizophrenia: a prospective investigation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors examined videotaped behaviors of children who developed schizophrenia as adults and of comparison subjects to disclose possible social and neuromotor deficits foreshadowing later development of schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1972, a sample of 265 11-13-year-old Danish children were filmed under standardized conditions while they were eating lunch. The examination was part of a larger study investigating early signs of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Many of the subjects had a parent with schizophrenia, leaving them at high risk for developing a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. In 1991, adult psychiatric outcome data were obtained for 91.3% (N=242). This study systematically analyzed the videotapes to determine whether the children who developed schizophrenia as adults evidenced greater social and/or neuromotor deficits than children who did not develop a psychiatric disorder and children who developed other psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings from this study suggest that the brief videotaped footage of children eating lunch was able to discriminate between the individuals who later developed schizophrenia and those who did not. Specifically, the preschizophrenia children evidenced differences on measures of sociability and general neuromotor functioning (among boys) from the children who developed other psychiatric disorders and the children who did not develop a psychiatric disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Social and neuromotor deficits specific to children who develop schizophrenia in adulthood provide further support for a neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Gartley Hall 110, 2430 Campus Road, Honolulu, HI 96822-2216, USA. schiffma@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schiffman
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekstrom
authors.forename: Fini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schulsinger
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: Sarnoff
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mednick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D015897:Comorbidity; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012920:Social Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D014743:Videotape Recording