title: Heterocyclic amines in some Swedish cooked foods industrially prepared or from fast food outlets and restaurants.
abstract: Accurate assessment of human intake of mutagenic/carcinogenic heterocyclic amines (HAs) is necessary for epidemiological studies and future risk assessment. Using questionnaires, the frequency of consumption of specific dishes can be obtained at an individual level and linked to analyzed concentrations of different compounds in corresponding dishes. Some typical Swedish cooked meat dishes, hamburgers and kebab, industrially prepared or from fast food outlets and restaurants, were analyzed regarding their content of 11 different HAs. The amount of each of these compounds was below 0.1 ng/g cooked weight in most of the industrially prepared products. The total amount of HAs was highest in the kebab samples. The intake of HAs from 200 g of the dishes was estimated to range from not detectable levels to 0.6 microg. The results of the present study indicate that the content of HAs in a specific dish may vary with origin, and that the concentrations of HAs in commercial fried meat products are generally low, although some of these food items may contain elevated amounts.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Borgen
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Skog
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D003296:Cooking / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis; D005511:Food Handling; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000032:analysis; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis; D011804:Quinolines / Q000032:analysis; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000032:analysis; D012147:Restaurants; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D002273:Carcinogens; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D007093:Imidazoles; D009153:Mutagens; D011804:Quinolines; D011810:Quinoxalines; C029216:2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline; C036990:2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoxaline; C049584:2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine