title: Pattern of drug utilization among hypertensives in a Nigerian teaching hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the drug utilization pattern among hypertensive patients in a tertiary care setting, assess the short-term outcome of anti-hypertensive drugs usage and identify points for future intervention to improve outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional retrospective drug use review was conducted between 1st June and 31st August 2002 on randomly selected 200 case notes of hypertensive patients at a tertiary care facility in South-Western Nigeria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diuretics were the most frequently prescribed anti-hypertensive class (39.4%), followed by centrally acting agents (23.3%), calcium channel blockers (21%), angiotensine converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (8.6%) and beta blockers (1.9%). Aspirin was the most frequently prescribed adjoining non-anti-hypertensive drugs (39.7%), followed by anxiolytics (23.6%), other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (14.8%), metformin (6.7%), glibenclamide (5.9%), paracetamol (5.9%) and Mist. Magnesium Trisilicate (3.3%). All patients made out-of-pocket payments for their prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs at the study site. Blood pressure control was adequate in only 33.9% of patients. There was no significant difference in blood pressure control between male and female hypertensives ( p > 0.05). Anti-hypertensive drugs were changed at least once in 44% of patients and blood pressure control was significantly better in patients with at least one change ( p < 0.05). Adherence with drug therapy was documented as adequate in 82.5% of patient. Diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (39.6%) and osteoarthritis (22.9%) were the most frequent co-morbidities. Potential harmful drug interactions were identified in 3.8% (49) of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diuretics and centrally acting agents were the most frequently prescribed anti-hypertensive drugs in a tertiary care setting in Nigeria. Physicians' prescribing decisions appear significantly influenced by cost consideration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. yusuffkby@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Yusuff
authors.forename: O B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Balogun
mesh_terms: D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D010820:Physicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012947:Social Work; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004232:Diuretics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D001241:Aspirin