title: Protective effects on neuronal cells of mouse afforded by ebselen against oxidative stress at multiple steps.
abstract: Ebselen (2-phenyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3[2H]-one) mimics the activity of glutathione peroxidase [Biochem. Pharmacol. 33 (1984) 3235], acts as a substrate for thioredoxin reductase [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (2002) 8579]. The present study focused on the cellular mechanism of its action against oxidative stress by using HT22 cells, a mouse neuroblastoma of hippocampal origin. Ebselen protected HT22 cells against death induced by glutamate and hydrogen peroxide but not against that by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Oxidative glutamate toxicity is initiated by depletion of total glutathione, and ebselen inhibited the decrease in glutathione and increased its basal level. Although glutamate increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ebselen suppressed their increase. Ebselen reduced the basal levels of ROS when it was applied in control cells. Ebselen also removed ROS from cells that had accumulated a level of them. The compound had a significant trolox equivalent activity concentration value in a cell-free system, suggesting that it has a direct ROS-scavenging capacity. Finally, ebselen-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein. These results indicate that ebselen protects neuronal cells against the oxidative stress at multiple steps, including an increase in glutathione, a ROS-scavenging activity and the induction of HO-1 protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Welfare Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan. tsatoh@iwate-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishige
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sagara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001393:Azoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D054833:Isoindoles; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001393:Azoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; C042986:ebselen; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse; D005978:Glutathione