title: Maternal soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor type 2 (sTNFR2) and adiponectin are both related to blood pressure during gestation and infant's birthweight.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and adiponectin are strongly related to insulin sensitivity; insulin resistance of pregnancy is a major determinant of infant's birthweight. We aimed to study the contributions of maternal serum concentrations of soluble TNF-alpha receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) and adiponectin to infant's birthweight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, hospital-based study of insulin sensitivity during gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery (except for elective Caesarian section) and their healthy newborn infants. measurements Maternal blood levels of glucose, insulin, glycosylated haemaglobin (HbA1c), sTNFR1, sTNFR2 and adiponectin at delivery; cord-blood levels of sTNFR1, sTNFR2 and adiponectin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At delivery, maternal sTNFR2 correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP; r = 0.38, P = 0.005). In multiple regression analyses, SBP and HbA1c were independent predictors of sTNFR2, explaining 18 and 7% of its variance, respectively; insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), body mass index at delivery and SBP were independent predictors of adiponectin, explaining 15, 8 and 7% of its variance, respectively. Both maternal sTNFR2 and SBP were negatively correlated with infant's birthweight (r = -0.28, P = 0.04 and r = -0.36, P = 0.01 respectively, adjusted for sex and gestational age). In multivariate regression analyses, infant's sex and either maternal sTNFR2 or adiponectin were independent predictors of infant's birthweight, each explaining between 6 and 9% of birthweight variance. Further addition of maternal SBP to these models revealed that this variable was the main predictor of infant's birthweight, explaining 13% of its variance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal sTNFR2 and adiponectin are independently related to both maternal blood pressure and infant's birthweight in uncomplicated pregnancy. The contributions of the TNF-alpha system and adiponectin to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and fetal growth merit further studies.
authors.affiliation: Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Hospital of Girona, Girona, Spain. uden.alopez@htrueta.scs.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: López-Bermejo
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fernández-Real
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rovira
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brichs
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Genaró
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cabrero
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vendrell
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ricart
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000032:analysis; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II