title: Sole BCR-ABL inhibition is insufficient to eliminate all myeloproliferative disorder cell populations.
abstract: Protein kinase inhibitors can be effective in treating selected cancers, but most suppress several kinases. Imatinib mesylate has been useful in the treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia through the inhibition of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase activity. Imatinib mesylate has also been shown to inhibit KIT, ARG, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta, and potentially other tyrosine kinases. We have produced a mutant allele of BCR-ABL (T315A) that is uniquely inhibitable by the small molecule 4-amino-1-tert-butyl-3-(1-naphthyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and used it to demonstrate that sole suppression of BCR-ABL activity was insufficient to eliminate BCR-ABL(+) KIT(+)-expressing immature murine myeloid leukemic cells. In contrast, imatinib mesylate effectively eliminated BCR-ABL(+) KIT(+)-expressing leukemic cells. In the cellular context of mature myeloid cells and Pro/Pre B cells that do not express KIT, monospecific BCR-ABL inhibition was quantitatively as effective as imatinib mesylate in suppressing cell growth and inducing apoptosis. These results suggest that the therapeutic effectiveness of small molecule drugs such as imatinib mesylate could be due to the inhibitor's ability to suppress protein kinases in addition to the dominant target.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Ph.D. Program, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shokat
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Witte
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D001549:Benzamides; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009196:Myeloproliferative Disorders / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010879:Piperazines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl