title: Palmitoylation-dependent estrogen receptor alpha membrane localization: regulation by 17beta-estradiol.
abstract: A fraction of the nuclear estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is localized to the plasma membrane region of 17beta-estradiol (E2) target cells. We previously reported that ERalpha is a palmitoylated protein. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism of ERalpha residence at the plasma membrane, we tested both the role of palmitoylation and the impact of E2 stimulation on ERalpha membrane localization. The cancer cell lines expressing transfected or endogenous human ERalpha (HeLa and HepG2, respectively) or the ERalpha nonpalmitoylable Cys447Ala mutant transfected in HeLa cells were used as experimental models. We found that palmitoylation of ERalpha enacts ERalpha association with the plasma membrane, interaction with the membrane protein caveolin-1, and nongenomic activities, including activation of signaling pathways and cell proliferation (i.e., ERK and AKT activation, cyclin D1 promoter activity, DNA synthesis). Moreover, E2 reduces both ERalpha palmitoylation and its interaction with caveolin-1, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These data point to the physiological role of ERalpha palmitoylation in the receptor localization to the cell membrane and in the regulation of the E2-induced cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University Roma Tre, I-00146 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Acconcia
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ascenzi
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bocedi
authors.forename: Enzo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spisni
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tomasi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trentalance
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Visca
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marino
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010169:Palmitic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C495540:CAV1 protein, human; D051242:Caveolin 1; D022461:Caveolins; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D010169:Palmitic Acids; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D004958:Estradiol; D004247:DNA; D008156:Luciferases