title: Measurement of intraocular concentrations of etoposide after systemic and local administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine and compare the concentrations of etoposide achieved in the aqueous and vitreous humors after intravenous and subconjunctival administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight New Zealand rabbits were treated with etoposide (5mg/kg) intravenous and etoposide (2.5 mg/ml, 0.5 ml) subconjunctival respectively. The samples of the aqueous and vitreous humors of rabbits were drawed at 1, 2, 3 hours after the end of infusion. The concentrations of the etoposide were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. A Diamonsil TM C18 column ( 6 x 40 mm, 3 microm ) with a mobile phase of 400 ml of methanol and 600 ml of 100 mmol x L(-1) sodium dihydrogen phosphate with 0.02 mmol x L(-1) dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and 0.5% triethylanine (pH value was adjusted to 6 by phosphoric acid) was used. The detective wavelength was at 235 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 ml x min(-1).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of etoposide in aqueous and vitreous humors after administrated in intravenous for 1, 2, 3 hours were 38.5, 52.2, 44.1(ng/ml) and 12.0, 25.1, 18.0 (ng/ml) respectively. The concentrations of etoposide in aqueous and vitreous humors after infused in subconjunctival for 1, 2, 3 hours were 98.0, 113.0, 99.0 (ng/ml) and 43.7, 66.7, 32.4 (ng/ml) respectively. The concentrations in the aqueous and vitreous humor after local administrated were 2 to 4 times higher than those obtained after intravenous administration. There are statistical significance between the concentrations of etoposide of aqueous and vitreous humor after intravenous and subconjunctival administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The delivery of subconjunctival of etoposide results in higher concentrations in aqueous and vitreous humors than intravenous administration. These results suggest that local administration of chemotherapeutic agents should be more effective for retinoblastoma chemotherapy than systemic administration.
authors.affiliation: Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China. MyxDoctor@21cn.com
authors.forename: Yuxiang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Zhongyao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Huasheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shaofen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jianliang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001682:Biological Availability; D003228:Conjunctiva; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007267:Injections; D011817:Rabbits; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D005047:Etoposide