title: Epidemiological and genetic correlates of incident Chlamydia trachomatis infection in North American adolescents.
abstract: Epidemiological and genetic correlates of Chlamydia trachomatis infection were examined prospectively in 124 male and 361 female adolescents at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Seventy percent of subjects were African American, and 68% had HIV-1 infection. As expected, younger age (<17 years), multiple sex partners (> or =2), and prior chlamydial infection predicted chlamydial infection during a 6-56-month follow-up period (P=.02, P=.02, and P=.03, respectively). Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II variant DQB1*06 (mostly *0602 and *0603) was associated with chlamydial infection (49% vs. 34%; adjusted relative odds [RO], 1.8; P=.005), as was HLA class I haplotype B*44-Cw*04 (10% vs. 4%; RO, 3.2; P=.009). DQB1*06 was found in 9 (75%) of 12 female adolescents with chlamydial pelvic inflammatory disease. In contrast, sex, ethnicity, and HIV-1 infection did not predict chlamydial infection. These findings suggest that antigen presentation in adaptive immune responses may serve as a major factor in effective control of C. trachomatis infection. The underlying mechanisms remain to be experimentally elucidated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0022, USA.
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Geisler
authors.forename: Jianming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Chengbin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Craig M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kaslow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications; D015235:HLA-B Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D015236:HLA-C Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015235:HLA-B Antigens; D015236:HLA-C Antigens; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens