title: Chemical interactions of Brachiaria plantaginea with Commelina bengalensis and Acanthospermum hispidum in soybean cropping systems.
abstract: Previous results obtained in soybean-wheat rotations under no-tillage conditions showed reductions in the seedbank of the weed species Commelina benghalensis, but no alteration in the seedbank of Acanthospermum hispidum in areas infested with Brachiaria plantaginea. Analyses of the soluble fraction of B. plantaginea indicated the predominance of aconitic acid (AA) among the aliphatic acids and ferulic acid (FA) among the phenolic acids. Laboratory bioassays using C. benghalensis and A. hispidum were carried out to evaluate phytotoxic effects of pure organic acid solutions and dilute extracts of B. plantaginea on seed germination, root development, and fungal germination. Solutions of AA and FA were prepared at 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mM. Extracts of B. plantaginea were diluted to obtain concentrations of AA similar to those in the prepared solutions. Seeds were sown on 0.5% agar (containing AA, FA, or diluted extract) in plastic-covered receptacles and maintained in a germination chamber for 10 days. AA and FA solutions and the B. plantaginea extract reduced germination and root length, mainly of C. benghalensis. AA also stimulated the development of endophytic fungi (Fusarium solani), which had complementary adverse effects on C. benghalensis germination. FA and AA may play important roles in reducing the seedbank of some weed species, acting directly on germination and development and, indirectly, by stimulating endophytic fungi that alter germination.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Soybean, Post Office Box 231, 86001-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elemar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Voll
authors.forename: Júlio Cezar
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Franchini
authors.forename: Roberto Tomazoni
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Da Cruz
authors.forename: Dionízio Luis Pisa
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gazziero
authors.forename: Alexandre Magno
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brighenti
authors.forename: Fernando Storniolo
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Adegas
mesh_terms: D000156:Aconitic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D019659:Asteraceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D035201:Brachiaria / Q000737:chemistry; D034822:Commelina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects; D010675:Pheromones / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects; D013025:Glycine max
chemical_list: D003373:Coumaric Acids; D010675:Pheromones; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000156:Aconitic Acid; C004999:ferulic acid