title: Minimizing the risk of endophthalmitis following intravitreous injections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review techniques that are important in preventing endophthalmitis following intravitreous injections based on the available evidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the literature regarding existing evidence that is relevant to post-injection endophthalmitis prophylaxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The available evidence regarding endophthalmitis prophylaxis is largely based on intraocular surgery, particularly cataract surgery. Despite the controversy and the paucity of evidence regarding endophthalmitis prophylaxis for intravitreous injections, it is recommended that povidone-iodine should be used prior to intravitreous injections to minimize or eliminate the presence of ocular surface bacteria. Administration of topical antibiotics may also be considered before and after the intravitreous injections. Strict adherence to aseptic techniques, including the use of an eyelide speculum is also important.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endophthalmitic can occur following intravitreous injections. Prophylaxis with topical povidone-iodine, and possibly antibiotics, as well as adherence to aseptic technique may minimize the risk of post-injection endophthalmitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ta
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015817:Eye Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D011206:Povidone-Iodine