title: Development of adaptive behaviour of the respiratory network: implications for the pontine Kolliker-Fuse nucleus.
abstract: Breathing is constantly modulated by afferent sensory inputs in order to adapt to changes in behaviour and environment. The pontine respiratory group, in particular the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, might be a key structure for adaptive behaviours of the respiratory network. Here, we review the anatomical connectivity of the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus with primary sensory structures and with the medullary respiratory centres and focus on the importance of pontine and medullary postinspiratory neurones in the mediation of respiratory reflexes. Furthermore, we will summarise recent findings from our group regarding ontogenetic changes of respiratory reflexes (e.g., the diving response) and provide evidence that immaturity of the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus might account in neonates for a lack of plasticity in sensory evoked modulations of respiratory activity. We propose that a subpopulation of neurones within the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus represent command neurones for sensory processing which are capable of initiating adaptive behaviour in the respiratory network. Recent data from our laboratory suggest that these command neurones undergo substantial postnatal maturation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. matt@ukps.gwdg.de
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dutschmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mörschel
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kron
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herbert
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000344:Afferent Pathways / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D011149:Pons / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration; D012125:Respiratory Center / Q000502:physiology*