title: Cystatin C vs creatinine as markers of renal function in patients on digoxin treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The kidney function is a major determinant of the serum concentration of digoxin as this drug is mainly eliminated unchanged through the kidneys. Since digoxin is widely prescribed among the elderly, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) declines with age, it is important that the clinician takes the patient's GFR into account when prescribing digoxin. Serum cystatin C has been suggested to be superior to creatinine for estimation of GFR, which may have relevance for the optimization of treatment with digoxin.
  
  
  METHODS
  To evaluate which of the two GFR markers serum creatinine and serum cystatin C that best correlates with serum digoxin, we compared the serum levels of digoxin with the serum levels of creatinine and cystatin C in 149 patients on therapeutic drug monitoring of digoxin at our hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there was a stronger correlation between serum digoxin concentrations and cystatin C (p=0.00001) as compared to creatinine (p= 0.00003). Interestingly, of the patients with a serum digoxin concentration > or = 1.5 nmol/L, 29% had a serum creatinine level within normal limits, as compared to 20% with normal cystatin C levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, serum cystatin C correlated better to serum digoxin than did serum creatinine. With improved GFR monitoring, digoxin concentrations should be better controlled.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hallberg
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Melhus
authors.forename: Lars-Olof
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood*; D004077:Digoxin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D004077:Digoxin; D003404:Creatinine