title: Urinary matrix metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors predict hepatic regeneration after murine partial hepatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in extracellular matrix remodeling events associated with hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy. We therefore hypothesized that urinary MMPs and their endogenous tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) might also provide important information regarding initiation and progression of liver regeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Groups of 20 mice underwent sham operations, two-thirds hepatectomy, or treatment with the angiogenesis inhibitor, AGM-1470,O-chloroacetyl-carbamoyl-fumagillol (TNP-470), after two-thirds hepatectomy to prevent hepatic regeneration. Urine was collected preoperatively and for 24 days after surgery and tested for MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 using substrate gel electrophoresis (zymography) and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During hepatic regeneration, MMP-9 was detected in the urine at significantly lower levels on postoperative day 8 when the liver returned to its preoperative mass. In contrast, urine from mice whose livers were inhibited from regenerating (TNP-treated groups) contained increased levels of the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9. The MMP inhibitors, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, were significantly reduced in the urine of mice with normally regenerating livers but were increased in the urine of mice treated with TNP-470 on day 8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrate that (1) urinary MMPs and their cognate inhibitors, the TIMPs, can be detected in the urine of mice undergoing partial hepatectomy, (2) the presence of these remodeling proteins in the urine may predict the progressive return of the partially resected liver to its preoperative mass, and (3) analysis of urinary MMPs and TIMPs may someday provide a noninvasive means of monitoring the status of patients undergoing hepatic resection and transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and The Vascular Biology Program, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Arin K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puder
authors.forename: Roopali
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kilroy
authors.forename: Gwendolyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Louis
authors.forename: Judah
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Folkman
authors.forename: Marsha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moses
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D004586:Electrophoresis; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D008115:Liver Regeneration; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000652:urine*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000652:urine*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D000077609:O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000652:urine*; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D003510:Cyclohexanes; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D000077609:O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol