Plasma-source mass spectrometry for speciation analysis: state-of-the-art.
Current and emerging capabilities of plasma-source mass spectrometry (PS-MS) as it is employed for elemental speciation analysis are reviewed. Fundamental concepts and their advantageous aspects, experimental conditions, and analytical performance are described and illustrated by recent examples from the literature. Novel instrumentation, techniques, and strategies for inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), microwave-induced plasma (MIP) mass spectrometry, glow-discharge (GD) mass spectrometry, and electrospray ionization (ESI), among others, are described. The use of ionization sources that provide tunable ionization, others that can be modulated between different sets of operating conditions, and others used in parallel is also examined.
Ray
Steven J
SJ
Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Andrade
Francisco
F
Gamez
Gerardo
G
McClenathan
Denise
D
Rogers
Duane
D
Schilling
Gregory
G
Wetzel
William
W
Hieftje
Gary M
GM
D007834:Lasers; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000639:trends*; D008872:Microwaves; D036103:Nanotechnology; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization