title: Characterisation of the cytokine inflammatory response in LPS stimulated full-term cord blood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Abnormal inflammatory responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of neonatal disease. This study aimed to describe the neonatal cytokine response using an in vitro model of stimulated cord blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cord blood samples (n = 12) were incubated in RPMI 1640 medium with and without lipopolysaccharide. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-gamma and IL-10 were determined by multiplex immunoassay at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 24 hours of incubation. The difference between stimulated and control response was defined as the potential secretory capacity (mean +/- S.E.M.; pg/million white cells). Analysis included a Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All cytokine capacities increased rapidly by 1 hour (p<0.001), except IL-10 (p=0.04). TNF-alpha peaked between 3-6 hours (1581 +/- 377 pg/million WC), declining by 24 hours. Similarly, IFN-gamma peaked at 3 hours. Capacity ascended throughout the incubation period for IL-6, IL-8 (631 +/- 75 pg/million WC) and IL-10 (311 +/- 37 pg/million WC). Overall, IFN-gamma capacity was lowest (72 +/- 10 pg/million WC) and IL-6 capacity was greatest (61489 +/- 7059 pg/million WC).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The neonatal inflammatory response is chronologically similar to that determined in adults. Immature neonatal T-cell function may account for the lower IFN-gamma production. These results may expand our knowledge of neonatal disease, etiology and management.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Leeds School of Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, U.K.
authors.forename: Corrina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orsi
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levene
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma