title: Sequential swallows have no influence on esophageal contractions of patients with iron deficiency anemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An experimental study showed that thyropharyngeal, cricopharyngeal and cervical esophageal muscles of rabbits with iron deficiency anemia had morphological changes similar to those observed in muscular dystrophy, causing myastenic changes in muscles involved in swallowing. Our hypothesis is that patients with iron deficiency anemia may have a decrease in esophageal contractions with successive swallows.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the esophageal motility of 12 women with iron deficiency anemia aged 31 to 50 years (median 36 years) with serum iron from 11 to 40 mug/dL (median 21 mug/dL), and 13 asymptomatic women aged 26 to 49 years (median 35 years) with serum iron over 60 mug/dL. We used the manometric method with continuous perfusion. The esophageal contractions were measured at 3, 9 and 15 cm from the upper margin of a sleeve that straddled the lower esophageal sphincter. Each subject performed 10 swallows of a 2 mL bolus of water alternated with 10 swallows of a 7 mL bolus, with an interval of 30 seconds between swallows. We measured the amplitude, duration, velocity and area under the curve of contractions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between the swallows of a 2 mL or 7 mL bolus. The amplitude, duration and area under the curve were lower in patients with iron deficiency than in asymptomatic volunteers, mainly in the proximal and middle esophageal body. There was no difference in velocity. Sequential swallows did not change contraction amplitude, duration, velocity or area under curve in patients and volunteers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the power of esophageal contractions was decreased in patients with iron deficiency anemia, sequential swallows did not cause further impairment.
authors.affiliation: Departament of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. rodantas@fmrp.usp.br
authors.forename: Roberto Oliveira
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Dantas
authors.forename: Adriana Leonarda Martins
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Miranda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology*; D015154:Esophageal Motility Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D004943:Esophagogastric Junction / Q000502:physiology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*