Getting the message across, STAT! Design principles of a molecular signaling circuit.
The STAT transcription factors, usually referred to as "latent cytoplasmic proteins," have experienced a fundamental reevaluation of their dynamic properties. This review focuses on recent studies that have identified continuous transport factor-independent nucleocytoplasmic cycling of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 as a basic principle of cytokine signaling. In addition, molecular mechanisms that modulate flux rates or cause retention were recognized, and together these findings have provided novel insight into the rules of cellular signal processing.
Vinkemeier
Uwe
U
Abteilung Zelluläre Signalverarbeitung, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany. vinkemeier@fmp-berlin.de
D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008894:Milk Proteins; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D004247:DNA