title: Ovariectomy enhances renal cortical expression and function of cyclooxygenase-2.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are used as analgesics in postmenopausal women, who develop edema and require a salt-restricted diet. This study was performed to determine the renal expression of COX-2 and on COX-2-dependent regulation of renal blood flow (RBF) in ovariectomized rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: sham-operated rats fed a normal-salt diet (Sh+NS) or a low-salt diet (Sh+LS), and bilaterally ovariectomized rats fed a normal-salt diet (Ox+NS) or a low-salt diet (Ox+LS) (N= 6 in each group). Estrogen replacement therapy was performed on other ovariectomized rats. A renal clearance study was performed in anesthetized animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ovariectomy increased renal cortical COX-2 expression independently of dietary salt intake (Sh+NS <Ox+N; Sh+LS <Ox+LS). Inhibition of COX-2 by NS398 reduced the urinary excretion of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha in all 4 groups, although the reduction was greater in the Ox+LS group than in the Ox+NS and Sh+LS groups, which in turn had a greater reduction than the Sh+NS group. RBF significantly decreased in every group except the Sh+NS group, but no effect on blood pressure, inulin clearance, or urinary sodium excretion was seen. The decrease in RBF was significantly greater in the Ox+LS group than in the Sh+LS and Ox+NS group. The decrease in RBF was dependent on cortical RBF in the Sh+LS and Ox+NS groups, and on both cortical and medullary RBF in the Ox+LS group. Estrogen replacement therapy reversed the ovariectomy-induced changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estrogen-dependent COX-2 expression plays an important role in the RBF regulation in female rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ichihara
authors.forename: Yukako
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koura
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneshiro
authors.forename: Matsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saruta
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007672:Kidney Cortex / Q000201:enzymology*; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000201:enzymology; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000652:urine; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012079:Renal Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D058949:Uromodulin
chemical_list: D009088:Mucoproteins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D058949:Uromodulin; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D012083:Renin; D015232:Dinoprostone