title: Vitamin D supplementation improves neuromuscular function in older people who fall.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  vitamin D supplementation reduces the incidence of fractures in older adults. This may be partly mediated by effects of vitamin D on neuromuscular function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on aspects of neuromuscular function known to be risk factors for falls and fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  falls clinic taking referrals from general practitioners and accident and emergency department.
  
  
  METHODS
  139 ambulatory subjects (>/=65 years) with a history of falls and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) </=12 microg/l.
  
  
  METHODS
  patients were randomised to receive a single intramuscular injection of 600,000 i.u. ergocalciferol or placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  assessments including biochemistry, postural sway, choice reaction time (CRT), aggregate functional performance time (AFPT), and quadriceps strength were carried out at baseline and 6 months post-intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  baseline characteristics were comparable between both groups. 25OHD in the treatment group increased significantly at 6 months. AFPT deteriorated in the control group and improved in the intervention group, representing a significant difference between groups (+6.6 s versus -2.0 s, t = 2.80, P < 0.05). Similar changes were observed for CRT (-0.06 s versus +0.41 s, t = -2.52, P < 0.01) and postural sway (+0.0025 versus -0.0138, t = 2.35, P < 0.02). There was no significant difference in muscle strength change between groups (-10 N versus -2 N, t = -1.26, ns). A significant correlation between change in AFPT and change in 25OHD levels was observed (r = 0.19, P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in the number of falls (0.39 versus 0.24, t = 1.08, P = 0.28) or fallers (14 versus 11, P = 0.52) between two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  vitamin D supplementation, in fallers with vitamin D insufficiency, has a significant beneficial effect on functional performance, reaction time and balance, but not muscle strength. This suggests that vitamin D supplementation improves neuromuscular or neuroprotective function, which may in part explain the mechanism whereby vitamin D reduces falls and fractures.
authors.affiliation: Elderly Day Hospital, Thomas Guy House, Guys Hospital, St Thomas Street, London, UK. jugdeep.dhesi@gsst.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Jugdeep K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Dhesi
authors.forename: Stephen H D
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Lindsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bearne
authors.forename: Caje
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moniz
authors.forename: Michael V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: Cameron G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Swift
authors.forename: Theresa J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Allain
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011897:Random Allocation; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014807:Vitamin D