Inflammatory markers, D-dimer, pro-thrombotic factors, and physical activity levels in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Men and women with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have reduced physical activity levels compared with persons without PAD. We describe associations between physical activity levels with D-dimer, pro-coagulant factors, and inflammatory markers in patients with PAD. Participants were 188 patients with PAD identified from non-invasive vascular laboratories. Physical activity was measured over 7 days with a vertical accelerometer. We measured the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A (SAA), prothrombin 1.2, t-PA antigen, PAI-1, and the t-PA antigen/PAI-1 ratio. Adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index, ABI, comorbidities, smoking, total cholesterol/HDL ratio and statin use (for CRP only), we found significant inverse linear associations between physical activity levels and log D-dimer (p = 0.002), log CRP (p < 0.001), fibrinogen (p = 0.014), and log SAA (p = 0.012). There were no significant associations between physical activity levels and other blood factors. In an analysis adjusting for all blood factors simultaneously along with known and potential confounders, log D-dimer was the only blood factor associated significantly with physical activity levels (p = 0.036). Based on these findings, future studies should assess whether interventions to increase physical activity in patients with PAD reduce levels of D-dimer and inflammatory markers.
McDermott
Mary Mcgrae
MM
Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Ste. 18-200, 675 North St Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611-2923, USA. mdm608@northwestern.edu
Greenland
Philip
P
Guralnik
Jack M
JM
Ferrucci
Luigi
L
Green
David
D
Liu
Kiang
K
Criqui
Michael H
MH
Schneider
Joseph R
JR
Chan
Cheeling
C
Ridker
Paul
P
Pearce
William H
WH
Martin
Gary
G
Clark
Elizabeth
E
Taylor
Lloyd
L
D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism*
D015415:Biomarkers; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; C036309:fibrin fragment D; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D013925:Thromboplastin