title: Expression of aquaporins and PAX-2 compared to CD10 and cytokeratin 7 in renal neoplasms: a tissue microarray study.
abstract: Diagnostic use of antibodies against aquaporin water channel proteins and PAX-2, a nuclear transcription factor in renal development, was tested in 202 renal neoplasms, using tissue microarray technique. Immunohistochemistry for aquaporin-1, aquaporin-2, PAX-2, CD10, and cytokeratin 7 was performed on 102 clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 44 papillary renal cell carcinomas (among them 34 type 1 and 10 type 2), 24 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, three collecting duct carcinomas (carcinomas of the collecting ducts of Bellini), and 29 oncocytomas. Aquaporin-1 expression was found in clear cell renal cell carcinomas and papillary renal cell carcinomas of both types (78 and 73%, respectively), but not in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, collecting duct carcinomas, and oncocytomas. Aquaporin-2 expression was not seen in any of the tested tumors. PAX-2 and CD10 was found in the majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (88 and 85%, respectively) but only in few papillary renal cell carcinomas, chromophobe renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas. Decrease or loss of aquaporin-1 and PAX-2 was shown in higher grades compared to lower grades of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (P<0.0001 and <0.0245, respectively). Cytokeratin 7 was rarely seen in clear cell renal cell carcinomas, type 2 papillary renal cell carcinomas, and oncocytomas, but was found in the majority of type 1 papillary renal cell carcinomas (97.1%) and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (88%). Aquaporin-1 and PAX-2 expression was found to correlate with nuclear grading for clear cell renal cell carcinomas but not for papillary renal cell carcinomas. No correlation of tumor stage and aquaporin-1 and PAX-2 expression was seen. Aquaporin-1 and PAX-2 are reliable markers for clear cell renal cell carcinomas of lower grades but not for higher grades. CD10 expression remains stable, independent of nuclear grading.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, AKH Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mazal
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stichenwirth
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blach
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haitel
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Susani
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051398:Aquaporin 1; D051399:Aquaporin 2; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053552:Keratin-7; D007633:Keratins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000379:methods; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C496020:AQP1 protein, human; C496023:AQP2 protein, human; D051399:Aquaporin 2; D020346:Aquaporins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001789:Blood Group Antigens; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C507497:KRT7 protein, human; D053552:Keratin-7; D051762:PAX2 Transcription Factor; C497318:PAX2 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051398:Aquaporin 1; D007633:Keratins; D015260:Neprilysin