title: Large animal-related abdominal injuries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated injuries to the abdominal area of the body caused by large animals, as well as the management of this problem.
  
  
  METHODS
  All the patients with large animal-related abdominal injuries over a 10-year period were identified retrospectively through the general surgery registrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 113 patients were hospitalized after large animal encounters during the 10-year study period, 33 (30%) of which had large animal-related abdominal injuries. These patients comprised 10 women (30%) and 23 men (70%) with a mean age of 56 +/- 14 years. Of the 33 patients, 31 (93.9%) sustained blunt injuries and 2 (6.1%) experienced penetrating abdominal trauma. The mean Injury Severity Score was 12.7 +/- 4.0, and the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score was 10.6 +/- 3.2. The mean intensive care unit stay was 0.8 +/- 2.2 days, and the total hospital length of stay was 7.3 +/- 5.6 days. Whereas 12 patients (36.4%) were managed nonoperatively, 21 patients (63.6%) required surgery. Laparotomy showed injuries to the jejunum in three patients (9.1%), to the ileum in 13 patients (39.4%), to the ileal mesenterium in 1 patient (3%), to the liver in 4 patients (12.1%), and to the spleen in 2 patients (6.1%). One patient died of myocardial infarction on the second day after admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large animal-related injuries to the abdominal area can be serious. Immediate transportation and early diagnosis of abdominal insults are important because of the frequencies of small bowel and mesenteric injuries, which are difficult to diagnose using currently available diagnostic tools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, Kayseri, Turkey.
authors.forename: Engin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ok
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Küçük
authors.forename: M Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Deneme
authors.forename: Zeki
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ylmaz
authors.forename: Erdoğan M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sözüer
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery