title: Effects of enhanced external counterpulsation on hemodynamics and its mechanism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hemodynamic effects of enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) and its mechanism(s) were investigated in relation to neurohumoral factors in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four patients with AMI were studied before, during and after EECP treatment for 60 min. Heart rate (HR), right atrial pressure (RAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and cardiac index (CI) were determined. In addition, circulating concentrations of neurohumoral factors were determined at each time point. HR did not change following EECP treatment. However, RAP and PCWP increased significantly and CI was significantly elevated during EECP and thereafter. Blood atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) concentration was significantly increased 15 and 60 min after the start of EECP treatment, but brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) did not change. Renin, aldosterone and catecholamine concentrations also did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with EECP resulted in an increased preload because of increased venous return, and CI was increased thereafter. In patients with AMI, EECP increased blood ANP concentration, but not BNP, which suggests that an increase in ANP without an increase in BNP is an important mechanism for the effects of EECP treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakibayashi, Mibu, Tochigi 3212-0293, Japan. taguchi@dokkyomed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.forename: Ryuko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Hideyo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuga
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakatsugawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016280:Atrial Function, Right; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D002302:Cardiac Output; D015908:Counterpulsation; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000097:blood*; D011312:Pressure; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor