title: Differential expression of T-type calcium channels in P/Q-type calcium channel mutant mice with ataxia and absence epilepsy.
abstract: Mutations in P/Q-type calcium channels generate common phenotypes in mice and humans, which are characterized by ataxia, paroxysmal dyskinesia, and absence seizures. Subsequent functional changes of T-type calcium channels in thalamus are observed in P/Q-type calcium channel mutant mice and these changes play important roles in generation of absence seizures. However, the changes in T-type calcium channel function and/or expression in the cerebellum, which may be related to movement disorders, are still unknown. The leaner mouse exhibits severe ataxia, paroxysmal dyskinesia, and absence epilepsy due to a P/Q-type calcium channel mutation. We investigated changes in T-type calcium channel expression in the leaner mouse thalamus and cerebellum using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISHH). qRT-PCR analysis showed no change in T-type calcium channel alpha 1G subunit (Cav3.1) expression in the leaner thalamus, but a significant decrease in alpha 1G expression in the whole leaner mouse cerebellum. Interestingly, quantitative ISHH revealed differential changes in alpha 1G expression in the leaner cerebellum, where the granule cell layer showed decreased alpha 1G expression while Purkinje cells showed increased alpha 1G expression. To confirm these observations, the granule cell layer and the Purkinje cell layer were laser capture microdissected separately, then analyzed with qRT-PCR. Similar to the observation obtained by ISHH, the leaner granule cell layer showed decreased alpha 1G expression and the leaner Purkinje cell layer showed increased alpha 1G expression. These results suggest that differential expression of T-type calcium channels in the leaner cerebellum may be involved in the observed movement disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy & Medical Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843-1114, USA.
authors.forename: Sang-Soep
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nahm
authors.forename: Ki-Yoon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Melanie Krause
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Enger
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Louise C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Abbott
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001259:Ataxia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001345:Autoradiography / Q000379:methods; D020865:Calcium Channels, P-Type / Q000235:genetics*; D020907:Calcium Channels, Q-Type / Q000235:genetics*; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods; D007834:Lasers; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D042282:Microdissection / Q000379:methods; D009154:Mutation; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013788:Thalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020865:Calcium Channels, P-Type; D020907:Calcium Channels, Q-Type; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012333:RNA, Messenger