title: Aspiration and ingestion in dental practice: a 10-year institutional review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This article is an institutional retrospective review of incidents involving aspiration and ingestion of dental foreign objects at a large multidisciplinary dental educational facility. It was undertaken to determine which dental procedures were more likely to involve aspiration or ingestion, as well as to evaluate the outcome of these adverse incidents.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inclusion criteria involved all patients who were documented to have experienced loss of dental instruments or material behind the posterior pharynx during a 10-year consecutive period. The dental and medical records of these patients were analyzed, and the outcomes of the adverse events fell into three categories: aspiration, ingestion, or neither aspirated nor ingested. The authors also noted the type of dental instrument and the specialty or area of dentistry in which this event occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 36 documented cases. Twenty-five of these were instances of ingestion and one was an aspiration. In 10 cases, aspiration and ingestion were ruled out through radiographic examination or the object was retrieved from the patient's mouth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fixed prosthodontic therapy had the highest number of incidents of adverse outcomes. Ingestion was a more prevalent outcome than aspiration. Dental procedures involving single-tooth cast or prefabricated restorations involving cementation have a higher likelihood of aspiration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implications for clinical practice include the recognition of risk that dental therapy demands in regard to the airway and posterior pharynx, documentation and follow-up of adverse outcomes, and the use of preventive measures such as rubber dams or gauze throat screens or floss ligatures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Sciences and General Dentistry, School of Dentistry, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599-7450, USA. karen_tiwana@dentistry.unc.edu
authors.forename: Karen K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tiwana
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Tiwana
mesh_terms: D002484:Cementation / Q000009:adverse effects; D003679:Deglutition; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D003764:Dental Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017266:Dental Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects; D004064:Digestive System; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D001239:Inhalation; D008168:Lung; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010614:Pharynx; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003764:Dental Materials