title: Race, employment, and spinal cord injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine issues of employment and race for persons with spinal cord injury (SCI), by assessing the type of work that was being done before and after injury and by placing this in the context of patterns for the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Centers funded as part of the federally sponsored Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems (MSCIS) Project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two samples: 5925 African Americans and whites with SCI who are part of the MSCIS and a subset of 577 people with SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic information, occupational status, employment rate, job census codes, Craig Hospital Assessment and Reporting Technique-Short Form, and Satisfaction With Life Scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Racial disparities were found in employment rates before injury and at 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years after SCI. Differences were also found in the types of jobs that were held before SCI with patterns for participants similar to those of African Americans and whites in the general population. No differences were found in the types of jobs held by African Americans and whites with SCI at 1 year after injury. After injury, African Americans had lower economic self-sufficiency scores, regardless of employment status, and lower social integration scores among those who were not employed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Racial disparities found in employment patterns among persons with SCI mirrored patterns among the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298-0677, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: M Njeri
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hess
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000193:education / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011287:Prejudice; D011788:Quality of Life; D012050:Rehabilitation, Vocational; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000193:education / Q000208:ethnology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*