title: [Cribra orbitalia, dentin hypoplasia and life expectancy of 20-year-old persons as social and sex specific stress indicators in correlation with the health status of an early medieval population].
abstract: The aim of this study is based on the analysis of diachronically social and sexual specific considerations on the life situation of the early medieval population of Schleitheim, Kanton Schaffhausen, Switzerland. Cribra orbitalia and the linear enamel hypoplasia of the teeth are considered as stressors. This study is based on the life expectancy of the 20 years old, as the life expectancy gives information on the health condition of a social group or an entire population. The considered indicators show the same tendencies in three of the four social groups (women social group A and group B/C, men of the social group A). The female and male population of the social group A show a steady decrease in the indicator from the 5th century to come to its lowest level in the 7th century. The same parameters indicate a continuous increase in stress for the female population of the group B/C. Only one of the three indicators, the Cribra orbitalia, shows a positive tendency in the male population of the social group B/C from the 6th century to the following period, while hypoplasia and the life expectancy on the other hand indicate a negative tendency. The results show equal tendencies in the three independent indicators concerning three of the four social groups. This proves the high reliability of the indicators. These results are astonishing in two ways. First of all, the tendencies show that the originally better life situation of women of the higher ranking social group decreases in the following periods, whereas the women of the lower social group show an inverse development. This female population of low life situation in the 5th century shows an increase in life qualities in the following periods. Remarkable, too, is the fact, that the female population of both social groups shows a lower level of stress than the corresponding male population. This fact is astonishing, as we would expect inverse results in a patriarchal society. This may point to a well known fact: Women show a higher vitality than the male population.
authors.affiliation: Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Schweiz. gerhard.hotz@bs.ch
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hotz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000266:history*; D002048:Burial / Q000266:history*; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000266:history*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000266:history*; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology*; D012923:Social Class; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000266:history*; D013557:Switzerland