title: Valproic acid induces expression of neutrophil chemoattractants of the CXC chemokine family in endothelial cells.
abstract: The branched-chain fatty acid valproate (valproic acid; VPA) displays antitumoral properties by blocking tumor growth, progression and invasion. Recent data have shown that VPA reduces the angiogenic activity of endothelial cells. The object of this study was to investigate whether endothelial modulation might also influence the level of chemotactic mediators. Endothelial cells were isolated from human umbilical cord veins (HUVEC) and treated with VPA-concentrations ranging from 0.125 mM to 1 mM. The mRNA level of CXC-chemokines was investigated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The proliferative activity of HUVEC was measured as well. VPA evoked a striking increase in the neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL5 and a moderate increase in CXCL6 with maximal effects after a 3-day incubation period. Other CXC-chemokines and CXC-receptors remained unaffected. HUVEC growth was diminished time- and dose-dependently by VPA. We conclude that VPA treatment leads to alterations in the chemokine expression profile of endothelial cells. This might allow more neutrophils to reach the tumor area and trigger cytolysis.
authors.affiliation: Zentrum der Chirurgie, Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Engl
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Natsheh
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Beecken
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Blaheta
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C499707:CXCL3 protein, human; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D014635:Valproic Acid