title: A clinical trial demonstrates the analgesic activity of intravenous parecoxib sodium compared with ketorolac or morphine after gynecologic surgery with laparotomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the analgesic activity of 2 doses of parecoxib sodium, ketorolac, and morphine with placebo after gynecologic surgery that requires laparotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study, 208 patients, after surgical hysterectomy, received single-dose intravenous placebo, parecoxib sodium 20 mg or 40 mg, ketorolac 30 mg, or morphine 4 mg followed by multiple-dose parecoxib sodium or ketorolac as needed. Primary efficacy variables were time to onset of analgesia, pain intensity differences, pain relief, time to first rescue/remedication, and global evaluation of study medication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single-dose parecoxib sodium 40 mg provided significantly better pain responses to placebo or morphine 4 mg and was comparable to ketorolac 30 mg. Multiple-dose parecoxib sodium 20 mg, 4 times daily, or 40 mg, twice daily, was comparable to ketorolac 30 mg, 4 times daily. Parecoxib sodium was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parecoxib sodium is an effective analgesic in the management of acute postoperative pain after laparotomy surgery.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Bikhazi
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Snabes
authors.forename: Zahid H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Bajwa
authors.forename: Derek J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: LeComte
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Traylor
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hubbard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020910:Ketorolac / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007555:Isoxazoles; D009020:Morphine; C409945:parecoxib; D020910:Ketorolac