title: Blue dye versus combined blue dye-radioactive tracer technique in detection of sentinel lymph node in breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer can be used to select patients in which axillary lymph node dissection could be avoided. In this study we compared the value of two methods for identification of sentinel node (SN) using either only blue dye or combination of blue dye and radioactive tracer.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were women with clinically T(1-2)N(0)M(0) breast cancer. They were randomized into two groups. In Group A (50 patients) SN marking was performed only with blue dye and in Group B (100 patients) combined SN marking with blue dye and radiotracer was done. We used 2 ml of blue dye Patentblau V (Byk Gulden). Radiotracer was Antimony sulfide marked with Tc 99m and of 0.3 mCy (11.1 MBq) activity. Application method of both contrasts was peritumoral. After SN biopsy all patients underwent mastectomy or conservative surgery with axillary lymph node dissection of levels I and II.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group A mean of 1.7 SNs were identified (median 1, range 1-4). False-negative rate in this group was 3/17 (17.6%) with negative-predictive value 20/23 (86.9%), sensitivity 14/17 (82%), specificity 20/33 (60%) and accuracy 34/50 (68%). In Group B mean number of SNs excised per case was 1.6 (median 1, range 1-5). False-negative rate was 2/44 (4.5%), negative-predictive value 41/43 (95.3%), sensitivity 42/44 (95%), specificity 41/56 (73%) and accuracy 83/100 (83%). The combination technique was significantly superior to blue-dye alone technique for negative-predictive value (p=0.033) and overall accuracy (p=0.048).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prediction of axillary lymph node status in breast cancer patients using combined technique has significantly higher accuracy than marking of SN with blue dye alone and therefore should be preferred.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Sremska Kamenica Novi Sad, Institutski put 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia and Montenegro. zoran.r@eunet.yu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Radovanovic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Golubovic
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plzak
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stojiljkovic
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Radovanovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000965:Antimony; D001365:Axilla / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy; D013440:Sulfides; D017556:Technetium Compounds
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D013440:Sulfides; D017556:Technetium Compounds; D000965:Antimony; C064234:antimony trisulfide