title: Long-term vertical changes of the anterior maxillary teeth adjacent to single implants in young and mature adults. A retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of the tooth eruption process on the position of teeth adjacent to implant-borne restorations in adult patients compared to patients in their late adolescence.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 28 patients divided into two groups. A "young adult" group consisting of 14 patients, aged from 15.5 to 21 years, and a "mature adult" group consisting of 14 patients, aged from 40 to 55 years. All patients presented missing anterior teeth, requiring insertion of 40 implant fixtures (16 central incisors, 12 lateral incisors, 12 canines). The implants were of the Straumann Dental Implant System, clinically and radiologically re-evaluated 1 year or more after the surgical procedure (mean interval=4.2 years). Assessment of the eruption of the adjacent teeth was performed using the implant as a stable point of reference: measurements of the different reference points were compared after implant placement and at follow-up examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the "young adult" group, all patients showed infra-occlusion of the implant-supported crowns: the vertical step measured on radiographs varied between 0.1 and 1.65 mm. In the "mature adult" group, all patients showed a vertical difference between the teeth adjacent to the implant-supported crown and the implant: the measured step ranged from 0.12 to 1.86 mm. No difference was found in the amount of vertical eruption between male and female patients, nor according to localization of the implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mature adults can exhibit major vertical steps after anterior restorations with osseointegrated fixtures to the same extent as adolescents or "young adult" individuals with residuous growth potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, University of Geneva, School of Dental Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schatz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Christou
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Belser
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kiliaridis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003442:Crowns; D003481:Cuspid; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000209:etiology*; D008437:Maxilla; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014078:Tooth Eruption; D014716:Vertical Dimension