title: An isokinetic profile of trunk rotation strength in elite tennis players.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The changes in stroke production in the modern game of tennis have increased the demands on trunk rotation in elite tennis players. Unlike the shoulder, where unilateral strength adaptations have been identified, no study to date has objectively quantified side to side rotational trunk strength in elite tennis players.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred nine elite tennis players were tested using a Cybex isokinetic torso rotation unit at 60 and 120 degrees x s(-1) to measure left and right rotation while stabilized in a seated position. A repeated-measures ANOVA was used with post hoc dependent t-tests where main effect differences were identified to determine side to side rotational differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference in trunk rotation strength was measured in the elite male players. Peak torque to body weight ratios averaged 63.7 and 57.5% for forehand rotation (left rotation in right-handed player) and 64.4 and 59.2% for backhand rotation at 60 and 120 degrees x s(-1), respectively. In females, slightly greater (P < 0.001) backhand rotation strength (right rotation in a right-handed player) was measured at both testing speeds with peak torque to body weight ratios ranging between 47.7 and 45.1% for left rotation and 50.8 and 48.3% for right rotation at 60 and 120 degrees x s(-1), respectively. Left rotation/right rotation ratios ranged from 95 to 98% for males and from 94 to 96% for females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elite-level male tennis players have symmetric trunk rotation strength. Elite female tennis players have slightly greater backhand rotation strength (by 4-8%) than forehand rotation. Conditioning programs for elite tennis players should include exercises to facilitate and develop bilateral trunk rotation.
authors.affiliation: Physiotherapy Associates Scottsdale Sports Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA. ellenbeckerpt@cox.net
authors.forename: Todd S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Ellenbecker
authors.forename: E Paul
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Roetert
mesh_terms: D000009:Abdominal Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012399:Rotation; D012737:Sex Factors; D013715:Tennis / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque