title: Pulmonary outcome in adolescents of extreme preterm birth: a regional cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pulmonary outcome of extreme prematurity remains to be established in adults. We determined respiratory health and lung function status in a population-based, complete cohort of young preterms approaching adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-six preterms with gestational age < or = 28 wk or birthweight < or = 1000 g, born between 1982 and 1985, were compared to the temporally nearest term-born subject of equal gender. Spirometry, plethysmography, reversibility test to salbutamol and methacholine bronchial provocation test were performed. Neonatal data were obtained from hospital records and current symptoms from validated questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When entering the study at a mean age of 17.7 (SD: 1.2) y, a doctor's diagnosis of asthma and use of asthma inhalers were significantly more prevalent among preterms than controls (one asthmatic control compared to nine preterms, all but one using asthma inhalers). Peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) were decreased and the discrepancies relative to controls increased parallel to increased severity of neonatal lung disease. Parameters of increased neonatal oxygen exposure significantly predicted FEV1. Adjusted for height, gender and age, FEV1 was reduced by a mean of 580 ml/s in subjects with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Fifty-six percent of preterms had a positive methacholine provocation test compared to 26% of controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A substantially decreased FEV1, increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and a number of established risk factors for steeper age-related decline in lung function were observed in preterms. A potential for early onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is present in subsets of this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, and Institute for Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Bergen, Norway. thomas.halvorsen@helse-bergen.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Skadberg
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Eide
authors.forename: O Drange
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Røksund
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bakke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000420:Albuterol; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000503:physiopathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology*; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D010991:Plethysmography; D015995:Prevalence; D013147:Spirometry
chemical_list: D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D000420:Albuterol