title: Relationships between depression/somatization and self-reports of pain and disability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between depression and somatization and pain during muscle and joint palpation as well as limitations related to mandibular functioning (LRMF) in patients with temporomandibular disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) data for Axes I and II for 196 consecutive patients (56 men and 140 women) with a history of facial pain were obtained. The mean age of the predominantly Chinese patient population (83.2%) was 33.4 years (range 18 to 55 years). A computerized diagnostic system was used to collect the RDC/TMD history data. The Symptom Check List (SCL-90) depression and somatization scales were generated on-line and archived. The mean muscle pain (MP), joint pain (JP), and LRMF scores were computed with depression and somatization as main effects. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (Scheffé test) and Pearson's correlation at a significance level of .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depression scores ranged from 4.03 to 8.16 (MP), from 0.67 to 1.03 (JP), and from 0.30 to 0.38 (LRMF); somatization scores ranged from 2.64 to 7.75 (MP), from 0.58 to 1.00 (JP), and from 0.30 to 0.41 (LRMF). Interaction effects between depression and somatization were not significant. Patients with severe depression had significantly higher MP scores than normal patients or patients with moderate depression. Patients with moderate and severe somatization had significantly higher MP scores than normal patients. LRMF scores of patients with severe somatization were significantly greater than those who were normal or suffered from moderate somatization. No significant difference in JP scores was observed for depression and somatization scales. Correlations between depression/somatization and MP, JP, and LRMF scores were significant and positive but weak; coefficients ranged from 0.15 to 0.41.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that depression and somatization are related to the self-report of MP. In addition, severe somatization may be associated with an increase in jaw disability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore. rsdyapuj@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Adrian U J
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Keson B C
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000503:physiopathology; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010173:Palpation; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000523:psychology*