title: Herpesvirus infection of ICAM-1-deficient mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of ICAM-1 deficiency on viral infection of the cornea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wild-type and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)-deficient mice were infected with the RE strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Corneal swabs and trigeminal ganglia were obtained and analyzed for infectious virus. Corneas and trigeminal ganglia were evaluated for signs of inflammation by immunohistochemical staining and for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing cells by enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). Serum anti-HSV-1 antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Viral titers in corneal swabs from the wild-type and ICAM-1-deficient mice were not significantly different during the 21-day study. Infectious virus was present in the trigeminal ganglia of wild-type and ICAM-1-deficient mice through day 6 after infection. Serum anti-HSV-1 antibody titers were significantly higher in wild-type mice 6 days after infection, compared with ICAM-1-deficient mice; by day 8 and thereafter, however, antibody titers were not significantly different. Production of interferon gamma was greater in trigeminal ganglion cells from wild-type mice stimulated with interleukin 12 and interleukin 18 on days 4, 6, and 8 after infection compared with cells from ICAM-1-deficient mice. Histopathologic analysis of corneal and ganglion sections from wild-type and ICAM-1-deficient mice showed no significant differences in the time-course of appearance or the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemical staining for CD3(+) T-lymphocytes and CD11b(+) neutrophils and macrophages demonstrated equivalent numbers of these cells in the corneas and trigeminal ganglia of wild-type and ICAM-1-deficient mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of these experiments indicate that ICAM-1 deficiency has only a modest effect on viral infection of the cornea and the development of an acquired immune response.
authors.affiliation: Immunomodulation Research Center, University of Ulsan, 29 Mukeo-dong, Nam-ku, Ulsan, Korea 680-749.
authors.forename: Hyo W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Cho-Rok
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Beom K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Dass S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Vinay
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Bryan M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.forename: Byoung S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016849:Keratitis, Herpetic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout / Q000235:genetics; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D007371:Interferon-gamma