title: [Clinical study on manifestation of hepatolenticular degeneration complicated with epilepsy and therapeutic effect of integrative Chinese and Western medicine treatment].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the clinical manifestation of 155 patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) complicated with epilepsy and the therapeutic effect of integrative Chinese and Western medicine treatment on them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical manifestation of patients and its relationship with abnormalities in cranial CT and/or MRI were observed. Patients were treated by combined treatment of copper repellent with sodium dimercaptosulfonate 20 mg/kg per day by intravenous dripping, and modified Gandou Decoction (GDD) by oral intake and antiepileptics as well, after treatment for 8-10 courses, the clinical effect, copper levels in urine and serum were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 155 HLD patients, 96 were complicated with petit mal and 59 with grand mal. In the CT and/or MRI conducted in 72 patients, all showed abnormal images, besides such frequently met images as bilateral symmetrical basal ganglia focal lesion in 65 case-episode (90.3%) and brain atrophy of various degrees in 61 case-episode (84.7%), the massive lesions in cerebral white matter as principal, with the cortex involved, were also found in 54 patients (74%), which were mostly bilateral and symmetric or located in 2 adjecent lobes of brain, the sites of damage, in sequence of occurrence, were frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe and callosal gyrus. Brain atrophy was found in all the remained patients without above-mentioned lesions. Abnormal EEG was shown in 29 patients (40.2%), which mainly manifested as theta wave of moderate to high potential and/or short paroxysmal spike-slow or sharp-slow complex wave evoked. The urinary copper level in patients after treatment was 34.5 +/- 21.6 micromol/24 hrs, significantly higher than that before treatment, 4.49 +/- 1.93 micromol/24 hrs (P < 0.01). And the serum copper level in patients also lowered significantly (P< 0.01). Epileptic seizure was controlled completely along with the gradually improving of extrapyramidal symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial seizure was the most common type of seizure of HLD patient complicated with epilepsy, the next is systemic seizure. Cerebral damage lesion and obvious brain atrophy could be the main etiological factors of HLD complicated with epilepsy, combined copper repellent therapy of integrative Chinese and Western medicine, and antiepileptics produced good clinical effect on the patients.
authors.affiliation: Affiliated Hospital of Institute of Neurology, Anhui College of TCM, Hefei (230061). ahnkyy@mail.hf.ah.cn
authors.forename: Ji-yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Gong-qiang
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mingfan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Yongzhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Renmin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D014494:Unithiol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D014494:Unithiol