title: Distribution and cross-sectional age-related increases of carotid artery intima-media thickness in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Reference values and age-related changes of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) have not been described in a community-based sample of young asymptomatic adults. CIMT measurements from the Bogalusa Heart Study, a study of the natural history of atherosclerosis in young adults and children, were used to characterize age-, race-, and sex-specific CIMT distributions and yearly rates of change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age-, sex-, and race-specific CIMT percentile values and cross-sectional changes with age were estimated using B-mode carotid ultrasound images from 519 young adults (mean age 32 years, 61% female, 29% black). Nomograms of CIMT percentiles between the ages of 25 and 40 years are provided in 5-year increments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CIMT was thickest in the carotid bulb and increased linearly with age, most rapidly in the bulb. With age, composite CIMT increased most slowly in white females and most rapidly in white males. Sample size estimates projected that 268 to 462 subjects are needed to detect CIMT changes > or =0.010 mm/year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These estimated CIMT distributions and percentiles can serve as reference values for assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis in young adults. The observed age-related differences in CIMT can be used to plan epidemiological and clinical trials investigating atherosclerosis and anti-atherosclerotic interventions.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Avenue, G7/341 CSC (MC 3248), Madison, WI 53792, USA. jhs@medicine.wisc.edu
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Pamela S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Sathanur R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
authors.forename: M Gene
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Shengxu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Gerald S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Berenson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography