title: Synthetic sulfonolipids deduced from sulfonoquinovosyl diacylglycerols of sea urchin reduces hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In hepatic surgery and liver transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is an unavoidable process, and protection against hepatic I/R injury is a major unresolved problem. In this study, we investigated whether 3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulfono-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2-di-O-acylglycerol bound to saturated C18 fatty acids (beta-SQAG9), which was derived from sea urchin intestines, could reduce this injury. This agent was recently reported to have immunosuppressive effects in allogeneic rat skin grafts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Lewis rats were divided into two experimental groups. Group 1 rats were injected with SQAG9 (50 mg/kg) into the penile vein 15 minutes before the induction of ischemia and into the portal vein just reperfusion. The same amounts of normal saline were injected into rats in the control group (group 2). Each experimental groups included six rats. Seventy percent hepatic ischemia (20 minutes) was induced by occluding the blood vessels and bile duct with a vascular clamp. For examination of hepatic function, serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, (AST) alanine transaminase (ALT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured. In addition, histological examination was also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hours after reperfusion, the mean plasma concentration of AST, ALT, LDH in group 1 was suppressed compared with group 2. Six hours after reperfusion, the hepatic damage in group 1 was mild in comparison with that in group 2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrated that SQAG-9 reduced the warm hepatic I/R injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. tsuruma@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuruma
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sahara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takenouchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yagihashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwayama
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuhata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Torigoe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizushina
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D006017:Glycolipids; C496611:sulfoquinovosylacylglycerol