Decreased bioavailability of rifampin and other antituberculosis drugs in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease.
We evaluated the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease on pharmacokinetics of antituberculosis medications by measuring concentrations of isoniazid and rifampin in blood and of pyrazinamide and ethambutol in urine. Peak concentration and exposure were reduced for rifampin, and rapid acetylators of isoniazid had lower drug levels. HIV and HIV-tuberculosis patients who have diarrhea and cryptosporidial infection exhibit decreased bioavailability of antituberculosis drugs.
Gurumurthy
Prema
P
HIV-AIDS Division, Tuberculosis Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), Mayor V.R. Ramanathan Rd., Chetput, Chennai 600 031, India.
Ramachandran
Geetha
G
Hemanth Kumar
A K
AK
Rajasekaran
S
S
Padmapriyadarsini
C
C
Swaminathan
Soumya
S
Bhagavathy
S
S
Venkatesan
P
P
Sekar
L
L
Mahilmaran
A
A
Ravichandran
N
N
Paramesh
P
P
D000107:Acetylation; D000328:Adult; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011718:Pyrazinamide / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012293:Rifampin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism
D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D011718:Pyrazinamide; D004977:Ethambutol; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin