title: Association between cigarette consumption and proteinuria in healthy Japanese men and women from an occupational population.
abstract: The association between cigarette consumption and prevalence of mild proteinuria (30-99 mg/dl of albumin) was analyzed in 11,569 male and 4,715 female workers aged 18-67 yr recruited from an occupational population. Proteinuria was found in 274 (2.4%) of the total male workers and in 50 (1.1%) of the total females. Stepwise logistic regression analyses showed that sex, suspected diabetes mellitus, blood pressure (BP) and Brinkman Index (BI) levels (0, 1-199, 200-499, 500-799, 800-) were significantly related to proteinuria, and that the odds ratio of each BI level for proteinuria was 1.11 (C.I.: 1.01-1.67). In the subjects aged 50 yr or older, after excluding those suspected of having hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus, the odds ratio reached 1.37 (C.I.: 1.15-1.63), with the gender difference then no longer significant. The odds ratio for proteinuria was calculated as 5.44 (C.I.: 2.27-13.0) in male and female smokers having a BI of 500 or above and normal-high BP (130-139/85-89 mmHg) in comparison with nonsmokers having normal BP (<130/85 mmHg). These results suggest that heavy cigarette consumption represented by a BI of 500 or above is a risk factor of proteinuria even in healthy Japanese workers, particularly in those aged 50 yr or older and having normal-high BP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Environmental Medicine (Hygiene), Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noborisaka
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.forename: Ryumon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Ikiko
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tsuritani
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016526:Workload