title: Midazolam is more likely to cause hypotension than etomidate in emergency department rapid sequence intubation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the haemodynamic effect of low dose midazolam and etomidate as induction agent in emergency department rapid sequence intubation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study in two phases. In phase one, midazolam 2-4 mg was used as induction agent and in phase two, etomidate 0.2-0.3 mg/kg was used. The haemodynamic data were recorded before and after intubation for comparison. Changes in mean systolic blood pressure were analysed with SPSS software.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 10% decrease in mean systolic blood pressure was observed in the midazolam group (p = 0.001) while there was no significant change in the etomidate group. Some 19.5% of patients had hypotension after being given midazolam while only 3.6% with etomidate (p = 0.002). Patients older than 70 tended to have more hypotension episodes but the difference was not statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midazolam, even in low dose, was more likely than etomidate to cause significant hypotension when used as an induction agent for rapid sequence intubation. Etomidate is a better alternative.
authors.affiliation: Accident and Emergency Department, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, 3, Lok Man Road, Hong Kong SAR. choiyf@netvigator.com
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D005045:Etomidate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D011292:Premedication / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D008874:Midazolam; D005045:Etomidate