title: Umbilical cord plasma interleukin-6 concentrations in preterm infants and risk of neonatal morbidity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to evaluate the association between umbilical cord interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and neonatal morbidity in infants born at less than 32 weeks' gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Umbilical cord plasma IL-6 levels and neonatal outcomes were assessed in 309 infants born between 24 weeks and 0 days' and 31 weeks and 6 days' gestation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean IL-6 levels were higher in spontaneous (n = 193, 355 +/- 1822 pg/mL) compared with indicated preterm births (n = 116, 37 +/- 223 pg/mL, P < .0001). Adjusting for gestational age, a progressive relationship was noted between increasing IL-6 levels and increased risk of neonatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). IL-6 levels beyond the 90th percentile (> or =516.6 pg/mL) were also significantly associated with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL; odds ratio [OR] 15, 95% CI 2-149) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC; OR 6, 95% CI 1.1-33). In the multivariate analysis, an IL-6 level 107.7 pg/mL or greater (determined by receiver operating curve analysis) remained a significant independent risk factor for PVL (OR 30.3, 95% CI 4.5-203.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Umbilical cord IL-6 levels are higher in preterm infants born after spontaneous preterm labor or premature rupture of membranes. Elevated IL-6 levels are associated with an increased risk for SIRS, PVL, and NEC in infants born at less than 32 weeks' gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Research in Women's Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Alice R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Goepfert
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Waldemar
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Carlo
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: Suzanne P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cliver
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hauth
mesh_terms: D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis*; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000097:blood*; D009017:Morbidity; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6