title: Vaccination with live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus for 21 days protects against superinfection.
abstract: The identification of mechanisms that prevent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) would facilitate the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. In time-course experiments, protection against detectable superinfection with homologous wild-type SIV was achieved within 21 days of inoculation with live attenuated SIV, prior to the development of detectable anti-SIV humoral immunity. Partial protection against superinfection was achieved within 10 days of inoculation with live attenuated SIV, prior to the development of detectable anti-SIV humoral and cellular immunity. Furthermore, co-inoculation of live attenuated SIV with wild-type SIV resulted in a significant reduction in peak virus loads compared to controls that received wild-type SIV alone. These findings imply that innate immunity or non-immune mechanisms are a significant component of early protection against superinfection conferred by inoculation with live attenuated SIV.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunology, NIBSC, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom. rstebbings@nibsc.ac.uk
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stebbings
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stott
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lines
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Elsley
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wade-Evans
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cowie
authors.forename: Meera
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sethi
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Almond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines