title: Induction of tolerance to focal ischemia in rat brain: dissociation between cortical lesioning and spreading depression.
abstract: Cortical application of KCl has previously been shown to induce tolerance to a subsequent episode of cerebral ischemia. KCl triggers recurrent episodes of cortical spreading depression and produces a small lesion at the cortical application site. To determine whether a cortical lesion alone is sufficient to induce tolerance to ischemia, the authors used 5-mol/L NaCl to precondition rat brain 3 days before permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. NaCl produced a small lesion at the application site without evoking cortical spreading depression. Preconditioning with 5-mol/L NaCl significantly attenuated the decrease in CBF after middle cerebral artery occlusion and reduced the volume of cortical infarction by 35%. The results show that a small cortical lesion, by itself, is sufficient to induce tolerance to ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karikó
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Welsh
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D013181:Cortical Spreading Depression; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D051381:Rats; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride