title: [Mechanisms of chronic cough pathophysiology].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In some situations such as post-virus or post whooping cough, a non productive subacute cough may occur without apparent local inflammation, epithelium abnormalities or bronchoconstriction. This subacute or chronic cough represents a real syndrome (cough disease) due to the central nervous system (CNS) and its ortho and parasympathic outputs. At the CNS level, functional disturbancies and neosynaptogenesis can be described, with the intervention of the NMDA-type glutamatergic receptors.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The neurons located in the expiratory area of the breathing center (Pre-Boetzinger complex of the lower brainstem) present exagerated responses to stimuli, due to the repetitive stimulation of the NMDA receptors; this phenomenon is similar to long-term-potentiation (LTP), the molecular basis of learning, memory and neosynaptogenesis. The cough reflex is thus amplified and rapidly chronic and would justify any pharmacological intervention at the NMDA-receptors level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More recently 5TH4 receptors have been implied in the control of respiration; an overexpression of these receptors in the Pre-Boetzinger area could contribute to an increase of the cough reflex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present review aims at summarizing the main rationale target to pharmacologically block the chronic cough.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Rennes I, Rennes, France. Herve.Allain@univ-rennes1.fr
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Allain
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bentue-Ferrer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daval
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Polard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delaval
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lagente
mesh_terms: D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003371:Cough / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000996:Antitussive Agents; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate