title: Detecting ATP release by a biosensor method.
abstract: Cells release adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) into the extracellular space in response to various stimuli. This released ATP plays an important physiological role in cell-to-cell signal transduction. The bulk ATP concentration can be detected using a conventional luciferin-luciferase assay. However, the ATP concentration in the vicinity of the cell surface is often different from the bulk concentration because of its rapid degradation by ecto-ATPases and because of delayed diffusion due to unstirred layer effects. Here, we describe a simple biosensor method to measure the local ATP concentration on the cell surface in real time. The method is based on the ATP-dependent opening of ligand-gated cation channels of purinergic P2X receptors expressed in undifferentiated pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells or in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells stably transfected with recombinant P2X2 purinergic receptors. Under the whole-cell configuration of patch-clamp, a sensor PC12 cell or HEK293 is positioned within the proximity of a target cell, and the P2X-mediated currents induced by ATP released from a given site on the target cell surface is measured. The ATP release is quantified by a calibration procedure utilizing local puff applications of ATP at preset concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hazama
authors.forename: Amal K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Ravshan Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Sabirov
authors.forename: Yasunobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002138:Calibration / Q000592:standards; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C546401:P2RX2 protein, human; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate