title: [New insights into the pharmacology of the extracellular calcium sensing receptor].
abstract: The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) belongs to class III of G-protein coupled receptors. The CaR is expressed at the surface of the parathyroid cells and plays an essential role in the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis through the control of parathyroid secretion. The CaR is activated by Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in the extracellular fluids, various di- and trivalent cations, L-aminoacids and charged molecules including several antibiotics. Calcimimetics potentiate the effect of Ca2+ and are proposed to be of therapeutic benefit for the treatment of both primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Calcilytics block the Ca2+-induced activation of the CaR. Three-dimensional models of the seven transmembrane domains of the human CaR have been used to identify specific residues implicated in the recognition of calcimimetics and calcilytics. These molecules should be useful for delineating the physiological roles played by the CaR in several tissues and for clarifying the direct effects attributed to extracellular Ca2+.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Neurobiologie Alfred-Fessard, IFR 2118 CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurobiologie cellulaire et moléculaire, UPR 9040 CNRS, Bâtiment 33, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France. ruat@nbcm.cnrs-gif.fr
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruat
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petrel
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000502:physiology; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium