title: Vancomycin tolerance in enterococci.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tolerance can be defined as the ability of bacteria to grow in the presence of high concentrations of bactericide antimicrobics, so that the killing action of the drug is avoided but the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) remains the same. We investigated vancomycin tolerance in the Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from different clinical specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vancomycin was obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. We studied 100 enterococci strains. Fifty-six and 44 of Enterococcus strains were idendified as E. feacalis and E. faecium, respectively. To determine MICs and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), we inoculated strains from an overnight agar culture to Muller-Hinton broth and incubated them for 4-6 h at 37 degrees C with shaking to obtain a logarithmic phase culture. The inoculum was controlled by performing a colony count for each test. We determined MBC values and MBC/MIC ratios to study tolerance to vancomycin. Vancomycin tolerance was defined as a high MBC value and an MBC/MIC ratio > or =32.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six and 44 of the Enterococcus strains were identified as E. faecium and E. faecalis, respectively. Thirty-one E. faecium and 48 E. faecalis were found to be susceptible to vancomycin and these susceptible strains were included in this study. The MICs of susceptible strains ranged from < or =1 to 4 mg/l, the MBCs were > or =512 mg/l. Tolerance was detected in all E. faecalis and E. faecium strains. The standard E. faecalis 21913 strain also exhibited tolerance according to the high MBC value and the MBC/MIC ratio. We defined the tolerant strains as having no bactericidal effect and MBC/MIC > or =32. We found that a 100% tolerance was present in susceptible strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One of the hypotheses for tolerance is that tolerant cells fail to mobilize or create the autolysins needed for enlargement and division. Our data suggests that tolerance may compromise glycopeptide therapy of serious enterococci infections. To add an aminoglycoside to the glycopeptide therapy unless MBCs are unavailable can be useful in the effective treatment of serious Enterococcus infections.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology Department, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, University of Istanbul, Kocamustafapasa, Istanbul, Turkey. suatsaribas@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Suat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saribas
authors.forename: Yasar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bagdatli
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D014421:Turkey; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D014640:Vancomycin; D000362:Agar