Manipulating the type 1 vs type 2 balance in type 1 diabetes.
Virus infections cause a strong inflammatory reaction that is dominated by the expression of type 1 cytokines and chemokines. Such an aggressive immune response by the host is necessary to eliminate intracellular pathogens. However, because of this shift in the type 1 vs type 2 balance of the immune response, virus infections are potential candidates for triggering autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), herpes stromal keratitis, or multiple sclerosis (MS). In this review we will focus on the pathogenesis of T1D in a virus-induced transgenic mouse model and discuss possibilities of how an aggressive type 1-dominated immune response can be restrained and autoimmunity be abrogated.
Christen
Urs
U
Department of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA. christen@liai.org
von Herrath
Matthias G
MG
D000818:Animals; D015551:Autoimmunity; D018925:Chemokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008954:Models, Biological; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology
D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines