title: The role of polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases GSTM1, M3, P1, T1 and A1 in susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidant stress is proposed to be an important pathogenic factor in liver damage related to alcohol. The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a group of polymorphic enzymes that are important in protection against oxidant stress. As there is evidence for genetic susceptibility to alcohol-related liver disease we have compared the frequency of polymorphisms of GSTM1, M3, P1, T1 and A1 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on leucocyte DNA in patients from North Staffordshire, Birmingham and Liverpool with alcohol-related chronic liver disease heavy drinking and normal local controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in GSTM1, GSTM3 or GSTP1 genotype frequencies among patients, drinking and non-drinking controls from the three centres. There was a significant increase in the GSTT1 null Liverpool alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patients compared with corresponding non-drinking controls (26.3 and 14.6%, respectively; P = 0.044, odds ratio (OR) = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1-4.7) though this was not repeated in the Birmingham and North Staffordshire cohorts. For GSTA1, the -69 CC genotype was associated with increased risk of ALD in the Liverpool group, but a reduced risk in the North Staffordshire group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have failed to demonstrate within the limitation of a case-control study a reproducible significant association of GST polymorphisms with susceptibility to ALD but there are suggestions that GSTA1 and GSTT1 warrant further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire UK ST4 6QG. alison.brind@uhns.nhs.uk
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brind
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hurlstone
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edrisinghe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gilmore
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirmohamed
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fryer
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D008108:Liver Diseases, Alcoholic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D007527:Isoenzymes; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; C496556:GSTP1 protein, human