title: Glabridin, an isoflavan from licorice root, inhibits inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression and improves survival of mice in experimental model of septic shock.
abstract: (R)-4-(3,4-Dihydro-8,8-dimethyl)-2H,8H-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-3yl)-1,3-benzenediol (glabridin), a flavonoid present in licorice extract, is known to have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protective activities. In the present study, we report the inhibitory effect of glabridin on nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) gene expression in murine macrophages. Glabridin attenuated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in isolated mouse peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage-like cell line. Moreover, iNOS mRNA expression was also blocked by glabridin treatment in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further study demonstrated that the LPS-induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/Rel DNA binding activity and NF-kappaB/Rel-dependent reporter gene activity were significantly inhibited by glabridin in RAW 264.7 cells and that this effect was mediated through the inhibition of inhibitory factor-kappaB degradation and p65 nuclear translocation. Moreover, reactive oxygen species generation was also suppressed by glabridin treatment in RAW 264.7 cells. In contrast, the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases was unaffected by glabridin treatment. In animal model, in vivo administration of glabridin increased the rate of survival of LPS-treated mice and inhibited LPS-induced increase in plasma concentrations of nitrite/nitrate and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Collectively, these data suggest that glabridin inhibits NO production and iNOS gene expression by blocking NF-kappaB/Rel activation and that this effect was mediated, at least in part, by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of glabridin suggests a possible therapeutic application of this agent in inflammatory diseases.
authors.affiliation: Bioevaluation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Taejon, 305-333, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yeo Dae
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Ig Jun
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Mi Hwa
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chang Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Song-Kyu
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hwan Mook
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007529:Isoflavones; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007529:Isoflavones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004247:DNA; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C107601:glabridin