title: The TEAM project: the effectiveness of smoking cessation intervention with hospital patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the effectiveness of three smoking cessation interventions for this population: (1) modified usual care (UC); (2) brief advice (A); and (3) brief advice plus more extended counseling during and after hospitalization (A + C).
  
  
  METHODS
  Smokers (2,095) who were in-patients in four hospitals were randomly assigned to condition. Smoking status was ascertained via phone interview 7 days and 12 months post-discharge. At 12 months, reports of abstinence were validated by analysis of saliva cotinine. Intent to treat analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 7-day follow-up, 24.2% of participants reported abstinence in the previous 7 days. There were no differences between conditions. At 12-month follow-up, self-reported abstinence was significantly higher in the A + C condition (UC (15.0%) vs. A (15.2%) vs. A + C (19.8%)). There was no significant difference among conditions in cotinine-validated abstinence, however (UC (8.8%) vs. A (10.0%) vs. A + C (9.9%)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These interventions for hospital in-patients did not increase abstinence rates. Features of the study that might have contributed to this finding were the inclusiveness of the participation criteria, the fact that pharmacological aids were not provided, and a stage-matching approach that resulted in less intensive counseling for participants unwilling to set a quit date.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA. hennrikus@epi.umn.edu
authors.forename: Deborah J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hennrikus
authors.forename: Harry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Lando
authors.forename: Maribet C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McCarty
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klevan
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Holtan
authors.forename: Jacquelyn A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Huebsch
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jestus
authors.forename: Paul R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Pentel
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pine
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swenson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vessey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003376:Counseling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*