title: Ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction enhances VEGF gene delivery to the infarcted myocardium in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the possibility of improving the delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene to the myocardium in rats by using ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction (UMMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen male Wistar rats underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation in this study. The rats were divided into three groups 3 days after ligation. Ultrasound microbubble vectors (UMVs) attaching to pcD2VEGF121 gene were injected into the tail vein of rats with or without simultaneous echocardiographic microbubble destruction in two groups. The third group was used as control group. VEGF protein expression and formation of new blood vessels were evaluated by immunohistochemical technique during autopsy on 15 rats at 2 weeks after gene transformation. Microvascular density (MVD) in the area with myocardial infarction was counted under a microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEGF protein expression and MVD in the ischemic myocardium were higher in the rats receiving UMMD than in the group that did not receive UMMD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UMMD is a noninvasive method to effectively improve the delivery of targeted genes to the heart.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing 400010, China. wzg62942443@163.com
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhigang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhiyu
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haitao
authors.forename: Ren
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Zhang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Qunxia
authors.forename: Huang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ailong
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chunjing
authors.forename: Tang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hailin
authors.forename: Gong
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mingli
authors.forename: Pu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shiyu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D045423:Microbubbles; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A