title: A tailored intervention to promote breast cancer screening among South Asian immigrant women.
abstract: This study developed and evaluated a socioculturally tailored intervention to improve knowledge, beliefs and clinical breast examination (CBE) among South Asian (SA) immigrant women. The intervention comprised a series of socioculturally tailored breast-health articles published in Urdu and Hindi community newspapers. A pre- and post-intervention design evaluated the impact of the mailed articles among 74 participants. The mean age of participants was 37 years (SD 9.7) and they had lived 6 years (SD 6.6) in Canada. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in self-reporting 'ever had' routine physical checkup (46.4-70.8%; p < 0.01) and CBE (33.3-59.7%; p < 0.001). Also, the total summed scores of accurate answers to 12 knowledge items increased (3.3-7.0; p < 0.001). For constructs of health belief model, participants rated their level of agreement for a number of items on a scale of 1-4 (disagree to agree). After the intervention the following decreased: misperception of low susceptibility to breast cancer among SA immigrant women (3.0-2.4; p < 0.001); misperception of short survival after diagnosis (2.7-1.8; p < 0.001); and perceived barriers to CBE (2.5-2.1; p < 0.001). Self-efficacy to have CBE increased (3.1-3.6; p < 0.001). The change scores of five predictor variables were entered in a direct logistic regression to predict the uptake of CBE among participants who never had it prior to the intervention. The model, as a set, was statistically reliable [chi2(5, n = 48) = 14.2 , p < 0.01] and explained 35% of variance in the outcome; perceived barriers remained an independently significant predictor. The results support the effectiveness of written socioculturally tailored language-specific health education materials in promoting breast cancer screening within the targeted population. Future research should test the intervention in other vulnerable populations.
authors.affiliation: University Health Network & Faculty of Medicine, Women's Health Program, University of Toronto, 657 University Avenue, ML2-010A, Toronto, Ont., M5G 2N2, Canada. farah.ahmad@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Jill I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Donna E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000208:ethnology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*