title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition modulates mitogen-activated protein kinase family expressions in the neonatal rat kidney.
abstract: Among the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) promotes cell proliferation or differentiation, whereas c-jun N terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK are thought to inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis. The MAPK family may plays some role during kidney development, when large-scale proliferation and apoptosis have been observed to occur. Also, in this period, the renin-angiotensin system is markedly activated. We have demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in the developing rat kidney increases apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation, which may account for renal growth impairment. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the relationship between the MAPK family and renin-angiotensin system during neonatal renal development. Newborn rat pups were treated with enalapril (30 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1)) or normal saline for 7 d. Right kidneys of both groups were selected for immunohistochemical stains of MAPKs and activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2), and left kidneys were selected for reverse transcriptase-PCR and immunoblot analysis of MAPKs, phospho-MAPKs, and ATF-2. To determine whether apoptosis is involved in the same tubules that highly expressed JNK and p38, we performed terminal deoxynucleotide transferase-mediated nick-end labeling stain for apoptotic cells and immunohistochemical stains for JNK-2, p38, and ATF-2 expression in the serial sections from the same kidney of the enalapril-treated group. In the enalapril-treated group, JNK-2, p38, phospho-JNK-2, phospho-p38, and ATF-2 protein expressions were significantly increased, and their immunoactivities were strongly detected in the proximal tubular epithelial cells in the cortex, compared with the control group. Especially JNK-2 and p38 expressions were highly activated and were spatially in accordance with the occurrence of apoptosis. ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK expressions were not changed by enalapril. These results suggest that the expressions of the MAPK family are modulated by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in the developing kidney. JNK and p38 may be implicated to participate in angiotensin II-related intracellular signaling pathways of renal apoptosis in the developing kidney.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Korea University, 152-703, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Min
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kee Hwan
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: In Sun
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Mee-Hye
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Young Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Joo Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon Kyum
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; C497107:Atf2 protein, rat; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D004656:Enalapril; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A