title: Diagnosis of rapid eye movement sleep disorder with electroencephalography and treatment with tricyclic antidepressants in a dog.
abstract: A 9-month-old, female Labrador retriever mix was presented for two types of seizure-like episodes, one of which occurred only during sleep. The two types of episodes were morphologically distinct. An electroencephalogram (EEG) demonstrated that the sleep-associated episodes occurred during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, supporting a diagnosis of a REM behavior disorder. Based on their morphology and response to antiseizure medications, the waking episodes were diagnosed as seizures. The animal was also diagnosed with an obsessive-compulsive and generalized anxiety disorder. The REM behavior disorder and anxiety-related behaviors improved with tricyclic antidepressant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: Christina S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Stecker
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Overall
authors.forename: Noemie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bernier
authors.forename: Edwin W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Darrin
authors.forename: Adrian R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Morrison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D012895:Sleep, REM; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic