title: Both cAMP and cGMP are required for maximal ciliary beat stimulation in a cell-free model of bovine ciliary axonemes.
abstract: Previously, we have shown that the ATPase-dependent motion of cilia in bovine bronchial epithelial cells (BBEC) can be regulated through the cyclic nucleotides, cAMP via the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cGMP via the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Both cyclic nucleotides cause an increase in cilia beat frequency (CBF). We hypothesized that cAMP and cGMP may act directly at the level of the ciliary axoneme in BBEC. To examine this, we employed a novel cell-free system utilizing detergent-extracted axonemes. Axoneme movement was whole-field analyzed digitally with the Sisson-Ammons video analysis system. A suspension of extracted axonemes remains motionless until the addition of 1 mM ATP that establishes a baseline CBF similar to that seen when analyzing intact ciliated BBEC. Adding 10 microM cAMP or 10 microM cGMP increases CBF beyond the established ATP baseline. However, the cyclic nucleotides did not stimulate CBF in the absence of ATP. Therefore, the combination of cAMP and cGMP augments ATP-driven CBF increases at the level of isolated axoneme.
authors.affiliation: Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. twyatt@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wyatt
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Forgèt
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Sisson
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002417:Cattle; D002474:Cell-Free System; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D009712:Nucleotides, Cyclic; D011758:Pyrroles; C057416:KT 5720; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D006152:Cyclic GMP