title: Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography: a predictor of early death in acute pulmonary embolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE), rapid and accurate risk assessment is paramount in selecting the appropriate treatment strategy. Right ventricular (RV) enlargement on chest CT has previously been shown to correlate with an unstable hospital course, but its role as a predictor of death is unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We evaluated 431 consecutive patients (mean age, 59+/-16 years; 55% women) with acute PE confirmed by multidetector-row chest CT. With the use of multiplanar reformats of axial CT data, CT 4-chamber (4-CH) views were reconstructed and right and left ventricular dimensions (RV(D), LV(D)) were measured. RV enlargement, defined as RV(D)/LV(D) >0.9, was present in 276 (64.0%; 95% CI, 59.5% to 68.6%) patients. Thirty-day mortality rate was 15.6% (95% CI, 11.3% to 19.9%) in patients with and 7.7% (95% CI, 3.5% to 12.0%) without RV enlargement (log rank, P=0.018). The hazard ratio of RV(D)/LV(D) >0.9 for predicting 30-day death was 3.36 (95% CI, 1.13 to 9.97; P=0.029). On multivariable analysis, RV enlargement predicted 30-day death (hazard ratio, 5.17; 95% CI, 1.63 to 16.35; P=0.005) after adjusting for pneumonia (hazard ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.83; P=0.002), cancer (hazard ratio, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.83; P=0.011), chronic lung disease (hazard ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.86; P=0.039), and age (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.05; P=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with acute PE, RV enlargement on reconstructed CT 4-CH view helps predict early death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
authors.forename: U Joseph
authors.initials: UJ
authors.lastname: Schoepf
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kucher
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kipfmueller
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Quiroz
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Samuel Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Goldhaber
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017380:Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D015993:Life Tables; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed