title: Hyperbilirubinemic serum is cytotoxic and induces apoptosis in murine astrocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  High levels of unconjugated bilirubin can be neurotoxic and gliotoxic. However, the effect of serum from patients with neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia on astrocyte viability has never been investigated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we searched for the possible toxic effect of hyperbilirubinemic serum on murine astrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heat-inactivated patient serum was added to astrocyte cultures at different concentrations varying from 1 to 20%, and cultures were incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h. Sera from healthy infants without hyperbilirubinemia were used as controls. Cytotoxicity was evaluated according to the release of lactate dehydrogenase in the culture medium. Apoptotic cell death was determined by anti-single-strand DNA immunostaining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the present study show that hyperbilirubinemic serum induces cytotoxicity and apoptotic astrocyte death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that serum from patients with neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia is cytotoxic to murine astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Abdullah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumral
authors.forename: Sermin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.forename: Kursad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Genc
authors.forename: Nuray
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: Mansur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tatli
authors.forename: Meral
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakizli
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozkan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000633:toxicity; D001769:Blood; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003470:Culture Media; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000097:blood*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D001663:Bilirubin