title: Three dimensional ultrasound and prostate cancer.
abstract: Three-dimensional ultrasound (3-D US) is a non-invasive method of producing whole volume images of solid structures. Early work on prostate imaging identified several advantages over 2-D imaging with a good ability to detect intraprostatic lesions. Several 3-D transrectal ultrasound (3-D TRUS) systems are now available for prostate imaging. Initial work using gray scale ultrasound appears promising with reported overall staging accuracies of up to 94%. These results were favourable when compared to other modalities for local staging of prostate cancer. Several adjuncts to 3-D gray scale TRUS have been investigated. A greater sensitivity for cancer detection has been achieved with the addition of power colour Doppler and contrast agents. Further clinical applications for 3-D TRUS include assessing placement of brachytherapy seeds and for cyroablation techniques. Computer enhancement with image registration has shown that 3-D US images can be manipulated to derive more information. Although the results of gray scale imaging alone or with adjuncts and post processing appear promising, these techniques remain largely experimental.
authors.affiliation: Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK. sampimehta@aol.com
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Azzouzi
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Hamdy
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation