title: Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer: host, bug, environment, or all three?
abstract: Helicobacter pylori is a common bacterial pathogen that colonizes the gastric mucosa of over 50% of the world's population. All infected individuals exhibit chronic gastric inflammation, and approximately 1% of patients develop gastric cancers, including adenocarcinomas and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In 1994, the World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer classified H. pylori as a type I, or definite carcinogen. Because the prevalence of gastric cancers among H. pylori-infected patients varies between individuals, countries, and geographic areas, H. pylori disease-related outcomes are believed to be determined by an interplay between host factors, bacterial factors, and their interaction with the environment. This review highlights recent advances in our knowledge on H. pylori disease pathogenesis, focusing on the role of the host, bacteria, and environment in the development of gastric carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Sick Children, Room 8409, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, Canada.
authors.forename: Rena J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Menaker
authors.forename: Amy A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sharaf
authors.forename: Nicola L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017209:Apoptosis; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015820:Cadherins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor