title: Specificity of transcriptional regulation by the zinc finger transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Egr-1.
abstract: The transcription factors Sp1, Sp3, and Egr-1 bind with their zinc finger DNA-binding domains to GC-rich sequences in the regulatory regions of their target genes. The similarity of the DNA-binding sites of Sp1, Sp3, and Egr-1 has triggered the hypothesis that they compete for the same DNA-binding site. We have investigated the specificity of transcriptional regulation by Sp1, Sp3, and Egr-1 using dominant-negative mutants that block the DNA-binding site of Sp1, Sp3, or Egr-1, respectively. The results show that constitutive transcription of Sp1 regulated reporter genes, containing Sp1 sites derived from the aldolase C and p21WAF1/Cip1 genes, or the long terminal repeat of HIV-1, was impaired by dominant-negative mutants of Sp1 and Sp3, but not by a dominant-negative Egr-1. Transcription mediated by Egr-1 was induced by transfection of expression vectors encoding wild-type or mutated Egr-1 or by stimulation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway via an inducible B-Raf-estrogen receptor fusion protein. In all cases transcription of Egr-1-regulated reporter genes, containing Egr-1 binding sites derived from the Egr-1 or the synapsin I gene was impaired by a dominant-negative Egr-1, but not by dominant-negative Sp1 or Sp3 mutants. These results show that there are genuine Sp1/Sp3 or Egr-1 controlled genes showing no cross-regulation of Sp1/Sp3 and Egr-1 through the same DNA-binding site. This does not exclude the existence of composite Sp1/Sp3/Egr-1 binding sites, where competition for a common DNA-binding site occurs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Saarland Medical Center, D-66421 Homburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Alia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Sarraj
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thiel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497325:EGR1 protein, human; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; C497121:SP3 protein, human; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051705:Sp3 Transcription Factor