title: Oral dextromethorphan reduces perioperative analgesic administration in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether oral dextromethorphan (1 mg/kg) given one hour prior to surgery decreases opioid administration in the perioperative period in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective randomized double-blinded and placebo-controlled study in which 20 male and 18 female children (age 11.5 +/- 3.5 years) were enrolled. Nineteen children received dextromethorphan (DM), while the other 19 received placebos. Postoperative pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale and a pain score of > or =5 was treated with intravenous morphine sulfate. Patients were discharged home on oral oxycodone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total doses of fentanyl administered during surgery were higher in the placebo group compared to the DM group (4.1 +/- 2 vs 2.6 +/- 1.4 microg/kg, P = 0.02) and the total doses of intravenous morphine administered in the postoperative period were also higher in the placebo group compared to the DM group (150 +/- 80 vs 73 +/- 56 microg/kg, P = 0.004). The placebo group had a higher pain score at the time of admission to the Day Surgery Unit (DSU) and a higher maximum pain score, compared to the DM group, during their combined stay in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit and DSU (7.3 +/- 1.5 vs 3.1 +/- 2.6, P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Premedication with DM reduces the need for opioid administration in the perioperative period in children undergoing tympanomastoid surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A.
authors.affiliation: Michigan State University, Southfield, MI, USA. rashedh48@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Rashed A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hasan
authors.forename: Jack M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kartush
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Diana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Sigler
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000996:Antitussive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003915:Dextromethorphan / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010035:Otitis Media, Suppurative / Q000601:surgery; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000996:Antitussive Agents; D003915:Dextromethorphan