title: Gingival melanin pigmentation and its treatment with the CO2 laser.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are only a few reports in the literature evaluating the effects of the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser on gingival melanin pigmentation (GMP). This study was performed to evaluate the effects of the CO2 laser at superpulse mode, applied for gingival depigmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  GMP at the anterior maxillary and mandibular gingiva of 10 patients was treated using the superpulsed CO2 laser (10 watts, 0.8 mm spot size, 20 Hz, 10 milliseconds). Pigmented areas were measured on pre- and postoperative standard digital images by the aid of an image- analyzing software. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by Mann Whitney U test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ablation of the hyperpigmented gingiva was accomplished with minimal carbonization and almost no bleeding. Postoperative healing was uneventful with no significant postoperative pain. Two cases of partial repigmentation were observed during 24-month follow-up. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant difference between pre- and postoperative measurements of pigmented area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of the superpulse mode of CO2 laser appears to be an effective and safe method for the elimination of GMP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. eminesen@cu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Emin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Esen
authors.forename: M Cenk
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Haytac
authors.forename: I Attila
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Oz
authors.forename: Ozgür
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Erdoğan
authors.forename: Ebru D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Karsli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000473:pathology; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005882:Gingival Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000473:pathology; D008437:Maxilla / Q000473:pathology; D008548:Melanosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D012008:Recurrence; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide