title: Orthopedic injuries during Operation Enduring Freedom.
abstract: Orthopedic injuries comprise a majority of combat injuries seen in recent U.S. military conflicts. Interventions in the forward deployed area have played an important role in improving mortality rates of soldiers as well as outcome at a medical center level. A retrospective review was conducted on orthopedic injuries from Operation Enduring Freedom evaluated at Walter Reed Army Medical Center (WRAMC). Patients were grouped into one of five injury categories (open fracture, amputation, arterial injuries, neurological injuries, and soft tissue injury) with evacuation time (days from time of injury to arrival at WRAMC) and procedures performed before arrival at WRAMC evaluated. The average evacuation time for all orthopedic casualties was 7.9 days. There was an average of 2.6 procedures performed per patient before arrival at WRAMC. There was no difference in evacuation time among the injury groups. Those with only soft tissue injuries underwent fewer procedures than the other injury groups; however, there was no difference among the injury groups in terms of procedures performed. The number of procedures performed did not affect the evacuation time. Fifty-six percent of casualties required operative intervention after arrival at WRAMC. With the unavoidable evacuation time that all casualties must endure regardless of severity of the injury, early operative intervention in forward deployed medical assets, such as the forward surgical team and combat support hospital, remains a necessity for rehabilitative and reconstructive efforts of the soldiers at the medical center level.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery Service, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 6700 Georgia Avenue, Washington, DC 20307, USA.
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kirk
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McHale
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Doukas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology; D006772:Hospitals, Military; D006801:Humans; D007493:Iraq; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000293:injuries*; D014481:United States; D014857:Warfare; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*