title: Optimizing segmental movement in the jumping header in soccer.
abstract: This study looks at segmental movements in the jumping header from an optimization viewpoint. Investigations on the header so far have focused on head restriction in the movement but have not clarified how and to what extent body segments influence the performance of the skill. In the present study a biomechanical model was used to analyze the jumping header in simulated competition to give a clear picture of an optimized header. Skilled soccer players headed balls at speeds of 13 m x s(-1) the results indicated that the head moves as a free non-restricted segment in the jumping header and should be allowed to do so, even though much soccer literature says otherwise to prevent injuries. The arm movement showed individual characteristics and gave no general advantages in optimizing ball speed after impact in the header The movement of the legs was, on the other hand, the single most important factor in the skill. Therefore, coaches and players shouldfocus on developing muscle strength in the stomach, back and pelvis and should put no restrictions on head and arm movement to optimize the jumping header.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Science, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Kristensen
authors.forename: T Bull
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sørensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012916:Soccer / Q000502:physiology*