title: Effects of insulin on the acetylcholine-induced hyperpolarization in the guinea pig mesenteric arterioles.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin induces endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, which may be casually related to the insulin resistance and hypertension. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is the most important mechanism of insulin-induced vasodilatation, and a possible contribution of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) is also considered. Attempts were made to observe the effects of insulin on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced hyperpolarization in the submucosal arteriole of the guinea pig ileum, the objective being to investigate possible involvement of EDHF in the actions of insulin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Conventional microelectrode techniques were applied to measure the membrane potential of smooth muscle cells in the submucosal arteriole. EDHF-induced hyperpolarization was elicited by ACh in the presence of both N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) (100 microM) and diclofenac (1 microM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resting membrane potential was -70.9 mV, and Ba(2+) (0.5 mM) depolarized the membrane to -33.0 mV. Insulin (10 microU/ml to 100 mU/ml) did not change the membrane potential in the absence or presence of Ba(2+). In the presence of Ba(2+), ACh (3 microM) hyperpolarized the membrane with two components, an initial large hyperpolarization followed by a slow and small one. Low concentration of insulin (100 microU/ml) did not alter the ACh-induced hyperpolarization. High concentration of insulin (100 mU/ml) shortened the time required to reach the peak amplitude and tended to increase the peak amplitude of the ACh-induced hyperpolarization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data show that insulin enhances the ACh-induced hyperpolarization in the submucosal arterioles of the guinea pig ileum. The results suggested that EDHF also accounts for one of the endothelial factors involved in the insulin-induced vasodilatation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Bioregulation, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan. kimaeda@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imaeda
authors.forename: Naotsuka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okayama
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okouchi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Omi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akao
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uranishi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukutomi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joh
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007328:Insulin; D004008:Diclofenac; D000109:Acetylcholine