title: Does measurement dependence explain the effects of the Life Skills Training program on smoking outcomes?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Life Skills Training (LST) program is the most prominent school-based smoking prevention program in terms of its consistency in being named on lists of best practices. This study assessed whether the results pertaining to cigarette smoking reported in evaluations of the LST program are measurement dependent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen reports published between 1980 and 2003 that included at least one outcome measure pertaining to cigarette smoking were identified. Data pertaining to the cigarette smoking measures used in the analysis and whether the results showed a statistically significant difference between experimental and control groups at follow-up were extracted from the reports.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen different outcome measures were used across 17 reports. Only three pairs of reports presented the same set of outcomes. Recent reports showed the most consistent set of findings in support of the LST program, but there was little consistency in the outcome measures used in these analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of so many smoking outcomes in the LST program evaluations raises concern as to whether the positive program effects reported are measurement dependent.
authors.affiliation: School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77802, USA. gorman@srph.tamushsc.edu
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Gorman
mesh_terms: D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008020:Life Support Care; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention