title: Scanning laser entoptic perimetry for the detection of age-related macular degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the sensitivity and specificity of scanning laser entoptic perimetry for detecting visual function damage due to age-related macular degeneration (ARMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the presence or absence of visual field disturbances by entoptic perimetry and determined the severity of ARMD based on masked readings of fundus photographs. A prospective masked study comparing the findings of entoptic perimetry with fundus photographs was performed. We recruited 91 patients with ARMD and 24 patients without ARMD during ophthalmologic visits. An appropriate institutional review board approval was obtained for the project. The main outcome measure was the detection of visual scotomata.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Scanning laser entoptic perimetry had an overall sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 100% for the detection of ARMD. The sensitivity for early stages of the disease is greater than 70%, and increases to above 90% for moderate to late stages.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scanning laser entoptic perimetry is a specific and sensitive test for detecting ARMD, even at the earliest stages when patients are typically asymptomatic.
authors.affiliation: The Jacobs Retina Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, Shiley Eye Center, La Jolla, CA 92093-0946, USA. freeman@eyecenter.ucsd.edu
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Bradey
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Plummer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008266:Macula Lutea / Q000473:pathology*; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014788:Vision, Entoptic; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014794:Visual Fields