Cleaner production in the ammonia-soda industry: an ecological and economic study.
Five methods to reduce the negative influence of soda ash factories on the natural environment are presented: 1. obtaining calcium-magnesium phosphates by treating the suspension from raw brine purification with orthophosphoric acid (H(3)PO(4)), 2. production of precipitated chalk from soda processing waste, 3. production of gypsum and semi-brine, 4. desulphurisation of fume gases from the factory power plant, 5. utilization of distiller waste. The tests, accomplished on a laboratory scale, showed the high efficiency of these methods. Economic analysis has proved that only four out of the five presented processes can have a positive financial effect on soda ash factories, as well as being well justified economically. The value of two of the innovations presented is confirmed by their implementation in factories.
Kasikowski
T
T
Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolas Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland. kasik@chem.uni-torun.pl
Buczkowski
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R
Lemanowska
E
E
D000641:Ammonia; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004463:Ecology; D004777:Environment; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011044:Poland; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D018505:Waste Management / Q000191:economics*
D007220:Industrial Waste; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D000641:Ammonia