title: [Kell alloimmunization in pregnancy].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kell alloimmunization is a rare disease, although its incidence is the highest after after anti-D alloimmunization.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report two recent cases and a review of the literature to describe practical management of Kell alloimmunization in pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When an immunization against the Kell antigen was diagnosed, amniocentesis was performed at 14 weeks gestation to determine the fetal blood group. If the fetus was Kell positive, a first fetal blood sample was drawn at 17 weeks gestation in case of fetal hydrops, and at 20 weeks without fetal hydrops. The diagnosis of anemia led to in utero transfusion. A second fetal blood sample was taken at 8 to 10 days, every two weeks during the second trimester and every three or four weeks during the third trimester. Fetal well-being was assessed with weekly sonography and rates of hemoglobin decline. These measures enable adapting the frequency of fetal blood sampling.
authors.affiliation: Département d'Obstétrique, Gynécologie et Médecine de la Reproduction, CHU de Grenoble, BP 217, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 09, France. JCPons@chu-grenoble.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gariod
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Brossard
authors.forename: M-H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Poissonnier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vuilliez
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: P-S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Jouk
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pons
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017218:Cordocentesis / Q000379:methods*; D004899:Erythroblastosis, Fetal / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015160:Hydrops Fetalis; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007626:Kell Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000097:blood*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome
chemical_list: D007626:Kell Blood-Group System