Physical activity, dietary intake and metabolic risk factors in non-diabetic daughters of patients with type II diabetes.
BACKGROUND
It has been reported that the offspring of patients with type II diabetes have an adverse metabolic risk profile. This study aimed to investigate the impact of habitual physical activity and diet on metabolic risk factors in the daughters of patients with type II diabetes and control subjects.


METHODS
Thirty-nine offspring and 39 age- and sex-matched controls completed physical activity and food intake diaries, during the week preceding a fasting blood sample.


RESULTS
The offspring had higher body mass index, percentage body fat, and waist circumference than the control subjects (all P < 0.01). Fasting glucose and insulin, and insulin sensitivity estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA(IR)) method, were also higher in the offspring group (all P < 0.01). Daily energy expenditure was lower (P < 0.0001) in the offspring than control group. Dietary profile was not different between the groups. Daily energy expenditure was significantly correlated with waist circumference, fasting insulin, and HOMA(IR) (all P < 0.05) in offspring but not controls.


CONCLUSIONS
Offspring had a less favourable physical and metabolic profile and were less physically active than control subjects. In offspring, central adiposity and metabolic risk factors were influenced by habitual physical activity to a greater degree than in control subjects.
Higgins
Siobhan
S
Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Gill
Jason M R
JM
Janilionyte
Rasa
R
Caslake
Muriel J
MJ
Malkova
Dalia
D
D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom
D001786:Blood Glucose