title: Echocardiographic findings in the PANDAS subgroup.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sydenham's chorea is the neurologic manifestation of rheumatic fever and is a diagnosis of exclusion requiring only the presence of frank chorea in the absence of another neurologic disorder. Two thirds of children with Sydenham's chorea also have rheumatic carditis (pathologic mitral valve regurgitation). Although there are similar neuropsychiatric symptoms and preceding group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection associated with both Sydenham's chorea and the PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) subgroup, it is unknown whether patients in the PANDAS subgroup have any cardiac involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty children meeting the criteria for PANDAS were entered into protocols at National Institute of Mental Health between 1993 and 2002. Doppler and 2-dimensional echocardiograms were performed on these subjects to assess valvular heart disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these 60 children, no echocardiographic evidence of significant mitral or aortic valve regurgitation was found. One patient was found to have mild mitral regurgitation, and all patients had normal left atrial size and normal left ventricular size and function. Follow-up echocardiograms on 20 children showed no significant valvular regurgitation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence of a clear lack of rheumatic carditis in these children supports the hypothesis that PANDAS is a distinct neuropsychiatric diagnosis separate from Sydenham's chorea.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Developmental and Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 10 Center Dr, Room 4N208, MSC 1255, Bethesda, MD 20892-1255, USA. sniderl@intra.nimh.nih.gov
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Snider
authors.forename: Vandana
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sachdev
authors.forename: Julia E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: MaCkaronis
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: St Peter
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Swedo
mesh_terms: D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D020274:Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology; D002819:Chorea / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D012213:Rheumatic Fever / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications*; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000209:etiology