title: Arthrobacter psychrophenolicus sp. nov., isolated from an alpine ice cave.
abstract: On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, a novel species belonging to the genus Arthrobacter is described. A facultatively psychrophilic bacterium, strain AG31(T), was isolated from an alpine ice cave. The aerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile strain exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle and produced a yellow pigment. Good growth and phenol biodegradation occurred at a temperature range of 1-25 degrees C. Up to 10 mM phenol was utilized as a sole carbon source. Glucose was not assimilated. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain AG31(T) represents a distinct lineage within the genus Arthrobacter, being most closely related to Arthrobacter sulfureus. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness to the type strain of A. sulfureus was 29.9 %. Anteiso-C(15 : 0) was the predominant fatty acid (72 %). Strain AG31(T) exhibited A4alpha l-lys-l-Glu-type peptidoglycan and contained glucose as the only cell-wall sugar. MK-10 was the predominant menaquinone, and the polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified glycolipid. Strain AG31(T) (=DSM 15454(T)=LMG 21914(T)) is assigned as the type strain of a novel Arthrobacter species, Arthrobacter psychrophenolicus sp. nov.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margesin
authors.affiliation: DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung für Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schumann
authors.affiliation: DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung für Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Cathrin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spröer
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, UMR 5557, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne-Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Anne-Monique
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gounot
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D001173:Arthrobacter / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D001317:Austria; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D005840:Gentian Violet; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007053:Ice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009068:Movement; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010619:Phenazines; D019800:Phenol / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013171:Spores, Bacterial; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; C035863:Gram's stain; D007053:Ice; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010619:Phenazines; D010743:Phospholipids; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D024482:Vitamin K 2; D019800:Phenol; D005947:Glucose; D005840:Gentian Violet