title: The safety experience of New Zealand adventure tourism operators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This survey examined parameters of the New Zealand adventure tourism industry client injury risk. The research also sought to establish priorities for intervention to reduce adventure tourism risk, and identify client injury control measures currently in place (or absent) in the New Zealand adventure tourism industry, with a view to establishing guidelines for the development of effective adventure tourism safety management systems. This 2003 survey builds upon an exploratory study of New Zealand adventure tourism safety conducted by us during 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  A postal questionnaire was used to survey all identifiable New Zealand adventure tourism operators. The questionnaire asked respondents about their recorded client injury experience, perceptions of client injury risk factors, safety management practices, and barriers to safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 27 adventure tourism activities were represented among the responding sample (n=96). The highest client injury risk was reported in the snow sports, bungee jumping and horse riding sectors, although serious underreporting of minor injuries was evident across the industry. Slips, trips and falls (STF) were the major client injury mechanisms, and a range of risk factors for client injuries were identified. Safety management measures were inconsistently applied across the industry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The industry should consider the implications of poor injury reporting standards and safety management practices generally. Specifically, the industry should consider risk management that focuses on minor (e.g., STF) as well as catastrophic events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Management and International Business, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Tim A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Walker
mesh_terms: D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D017149:Private Sector; D012307:Risk Factors; D017751:Safety Management; D014195:Travel