title: The cost of infant feeding in Liverpool, England.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate feeding practices in infants under the age of 4 months in Liverpool, England with particular reference to the cost of infant feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey consisting of self-completion questionnaires and interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects' homes within Central and South Liverpool Primary Care Trust areas.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and forty-nine women (aged 18 to 43 years) and their infants (mean age 13 weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average weekly cost of breast-feeding was 11.58 pounds sterling compared with 9.60 pounds sterling for formula-feeding. Many breast- and formula-feeding women spent money however on items that were not needed or used only once or twice. This was especially true of first-time mothers. Characteristics significantly associated with higher spending were: feeding method - mothers that had or were partially breast-feeding (P=0.001), education - those educated to degree level (P=0.028), socio-economic status - those in social classes I and II (P=0.002) and age - those aged 30 years and over (P=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that while breast-feeding is often promoted as being free, this is not the case. Better information needs to be given to parents to avoid wasting money on items that are unnecessary, or where cheaper alternatives are available.
authors.affiliation: School of the Outdoors, Leisure & Food, Liverpool John Moores University, Barkhill Road, Liverpool L17 6BD, UK. ecskberr@livjm.ac.uk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berridge
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hackett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Abayomi
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Maxwell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001942:Breast Feeding; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000191:economics*; D041943:Infant Formula / Q000191:economics*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010298:Parity; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires