title: Cerebellar norepinephrine modulates learning of delay classical eyeblink conditioning: evidence for post-synaptic signaling via PKA.
abstract: The neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) has been shown to modulate cerebellar-dependent learning and memory. Lesions of the nucleus locus coeruleus or systemic blockade of noradrenergic receptors has been shown to delay the acquisition of several cerebellar-dependent learning tasks. To date, no studies have shown a direct involvement of cerebellar noradrenergic activity nor localized the post-synaptic response to cerebellar beta-noradrenergic receptor signaling. Using ipsilateral, localized infusions into cerebellar lobule HVI and interpositus (IP), we have established that blocking beta-noradrenergic receptors with propranolol significantly impairs acquisition of conditioned responses. Furthermore, interrupting activation of cAMP-dependent PKA in the cerebellum using Rp-cAMPS completely prevents acquisition. However, neither blocking beta-adrenergic receptors nor blocking PKA activation significantly interferes with performance of established conditioned responses when administered after the learned response is formed.
authors.affiliation: James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
authors.forename: M Claire
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cartford
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samec
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fister
authors.forename: Paula C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Bickford
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003215:Conditioning, Eyelid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013998:Time Perception / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D013873:Thionucleotides; C016957:adenosine-3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate; D011433:Propranolol; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D009638:Norepinephrine