title: EDTA is essential to recover lead from dried blood spots on filter paper.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Residual dried blood spots (DBSs) on filter paper from neonatal screening have been proposed as samples for population survey of lead contamination. We have investigated the EDTA effect on lead release in the eluting solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  Furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been used for lead measurements. Standard, blank and sample solutions contained 2% m/v NH(4)H(2)PO(4), 0.5% v/v Triton X-100 and 0.2% v/v HNO(3) as matrix modifier solution (MMS) with or without EDTA. A calibration curve was established from aqueous standard solutions. Paper discs from DBS and blank, punched near the DBS, were eluted in MM solution and, where required, EDTA at different concentrations. Specimens were leftover DBSs with different storage times, matched samples from 20 adult patients consisting of liquid whole blood (LWB) containing 5 mmol/L EDTA, DBSs eluted in MM solution with 5 mmol/L EDTA or without EDTA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optimal lead recovery from DBS required 5 mM EDTA in the eluting solution. Mean lead levels of LWB and DBSs eluted with EDTA were similar and higher than DBSs without EDTA (P<0.001). Without EDTA, the median value of lead optical density was lower for 6-month-old DBSs than for blanks (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Residual DBSs can be used for population survey, but 5 mmol/L EDTA in the extracting solution is required to fully recover lead.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine G.Salvatore, Chair of Chemistry, Clinical Chemistry Unit and Regional Centre for Neonatal Screenings, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Via T. Campanella, 115-I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Di Martino
authors.forename: Andzelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michniewicz
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martucci
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parlato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001801:Blood Stains; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D010209:Paper; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D007854:Lead; D004492:Edetic Acid