title: Attenuated salivary cortisol secretion under cue exposure is associated with early relapse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether the risk of relapse in alcohol dependence is predicted by the subjective experience of cue exposure (CE) and/or cortisol reactivity to alcohol cues.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salivary cortisol and self-ratings of 'tension' and 'desire to drink' were measured in 32 detoxified alcohol-dependent inpatients during CE sessions conducted in the first and third week of motivation enhancement therapy. Subjects completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Abbreviated Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (B-AEQ) towards the end of the inpatient treatment to measure emotional self-awareness and the expected positive effects of alcohol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six weeks after the end of the inpatient treatment, 15 patients were abstinent. Relapse was verified or was presumed for 17 patients. Those who had relapsed had shown an attenuated response to CE in the third week as an inpatient but did not differ from abstainers in terms of subjective reaction to cues. Subjective ratings of CE were not related to salivary cortisol or relapse but showed several associations with factors one and two of the TAS-20. The expectancy of enhanced social contacts by using alcohol (factor 1 of the B-AEQ) correlated negatively with the decline in salivary cortisol during the CE session in the third week of treatment. Subjective ratings of CE correlated with Alexithymiascores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcoholic patients who use alcohol to enhance their social contacts typically lack hypothalamo-hypophysical-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) reactivity in the early period of abstention. They are at an increased risk of early relapse and perhaps use alcohol to increase cortisol secretion again.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lüebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lüebeck, Germany. junghanns.k@psychiatry.uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Junghanns
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Tietz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dibbelt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuether
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jurth
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ehrenthal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blank
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Backhaus
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000378:metabolism; D011594:Psychometrics; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012647:Self-Assessment; D013695:Temperance / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone