title: Assessment of occult pancreatobiliary reflux in patients with pancreaticobiliary disease by ERCP.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of occult pancreatobiliary reflux by measuring the biliary amylase levels in the common bile duct (CBDA) and gallbladder (GBA) at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients included 86 consecutive cases of pancreaticobiliary disease with prospective implementation of bile collection during an ERCP procedure. Patients with pancreatobiliary maljunction (PBM) were excluded. Nineteen cases of eligible patients had simultaneous collection of gallbladder bile. Bile was further collected by cholecystectomy in 8 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two cases (26%) revealed a CBDA level higher than serum amylase (high bile amylase level, HBA group) and 64 cases exhibited a CBDA level lower than serum (LBA group). The mean values of CBDA in the HBA and LBA groups were 5502 IU/l and 29 IU/l, respectively. The rate of HBA was significantly higher in patients who were elderly, had a dilated common bile duct, and those with choledocholithiasis (P <0.05). Three cases (16%) showed a CBDA greater than twice the GBA. Eleven cases (58%) exhibited a GBA higher than the CBDA. The values of GBA obtained during ERCP and cholecystectomy were consistent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that even non-PBM cases can exhibit occult pancreatobiliary reflux, which can thereby cause biliary disease.
authors.affiliation: Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihide
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Itokawa
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itoi
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sofuni
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakimi
authors.forename: Fuminori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moriyasu
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000681:Amylases / Q000378:metabolism; D001646:Bile / Q000201:enzymology; D001655:Bile Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010189:Pancreatic Juice; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000681:Amylases