title: Does conversion of a laparoscopic colectomy adversely affect patient outcome?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conversion during laparoscopic colectomy varies in frequency according to the surgeon's experience and case selection. However, there remains concern that conversion is associated with increased morbidity and higher hospital costs.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1999 to August 2002, 430 laparoscopic colectomies were performed by two surgeons, with 51 (12 percent) cases converted to open surgery. Converted cases were matched for operation and age to 51 open cases performed mostly by other colorectal surgeons from our department. Data collected included gender, American Society of Anesthesiology score, operative indication, resection type, operative stage at conversion, in-hospital complications, direct hospital costs, unexpected readmission within 30 days, and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the groups for age (converted, 55 +/- 19; open, 62 +/- 16), male:female ratio (converted, 17:34; open, 23:28), or American Society of Anesthesiology score distribution. Indications for surgery were neoplasia (converted, 16; open, 31); diverticular disease (converted, 21; open, 13); Crohn's disease (converted, 12; open, 5); and other disease (converted, 2; open, 2). Operative times were similar (converted, 150 + 56 minutes; open, 132 +/- 48 minutes). Conversions occurred before defining the major vascular pedicle/ureter (50 percent), in relation to intracorporeal vascular ligation (15 percent), or during bowel transection or presacral dissection (35 percent). Specific indications for conversion were technical (41 percent), followed by adhesions (33 percent), phlegmon or abscess (23 percent), bleeding (6 percent), and failure to identify the ureter (6 percent). Median hospital stay was five days for both groups. In-hospital complications (converted 11.6 percent; open 8 percent), 30-day readmission rate (converted 13 percent vs. open 8 percent), and direct costs were similar between groups. There were no mortalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conversion of a laparoscopic colectomy does not result in inappropriately prolonged operative times, increased morbidity or length of stay, increased direct costs, or unexpected readmissions compared with similarly complex laparotomies. A policy of commencing most cases suitable for a laparoscopic approach laparoscopically offers patients the benefits of a laparoscopic colectomy without adversely affecting perioperative risks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Casillas
authors.forename: Conor P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Senagore
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Victor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Fazio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003082:Colectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007813:Laparotomy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009026:Mortality; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome