title: Antiepileptic, behavioral, and antidepressant effects of adjuvant lamotrigine therapy in drug-resistant epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the behavioral effects of lamotrigine as add-on therapy in treatment-resistant epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open, prospective, long-term study of lamotrigine as adjuvant therapy was performed in 56 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (female/male ratio 35/21, age range 16-51 years). All the patients kept seizure diaries, and electroencephalograms were recorded at baseline and during 24 months of the treatment. Quality of life questionnaire, Hamilton depression scale (HMD), Beck depression scale (BDI), and Hamilton anxiety scale (HMA) were used before and during lamotrigine therapy. Comparative assessments were made in an age- and sex-matched control group treated with other antiepileptic drugs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, seizure control was improved in 55.3% of the patients, remained unchanged in 39.3%, and deteriorated in 5.4%. Improvement in some quality of life measures occurred in 50% of the patients. The HMD subscales and BDI scale showed significant improvement in lamotrigine treated patients compared to the control group (ANOVA, p < 0.01). Negative behavioral effects occurred in 10.7% of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lamotrigine demonstrated significant antiepileptic long-term efficacy, and its positive effects on the mood and quality of life, which surpassed the negative behavioral effects, and contributed highly to the favorable treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Mental Health, Department of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurosciences, Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro. martinovic@sezampro.yu
authors.forename: Zarko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Martinović
authors.forename: Nevenka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buder
authors.forename: Maja
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milovanović
authors.forename: Ruzica
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Velićković
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D014227:Triazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014227:Triazines; D000077213:Lamotrigine