title: Age related change of optokinetic nystagmus in healthy subjects: a study from infancy to senescence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) gain is asymmetrical between temporal to nasal (TN) and nasal to temporal (NT) stimulation in infancy and decreases at older ages. The age at which OKN gain becomes symmetrical and decreases is debated. The aim was to investigate OKN over the whole lifespan in a large sample of healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, cross sectional study OKN was tested monocularly using TN and NT small field stimulation. Stimulation velocity was 15 degrees /s and 30 degrees /s for children aged under 1 year (n = 97), and 15 degrees /s, 30 degrees /s, 45 degrees /s, and 60 degrees /s for older subjects (1-9 years, n = 66; 10-89 years, n = 86). Gain was measured using infrared oculography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant OKN gain asymmetry in favour of TN versus NT stimulation was found during the first 5 months of life (p<0.05). Only at 11 months of age was OKN symmetrical in 100% of the subjects. The percentage of children with symmetrical OKN decreased with increasing stimulus velocity. OKN gain increased in the second and third years (p<0.05 for 15 degrees /s), remained stable until 50 years of age, and showed a small but significant decrease afterwards for the tested velocities (between 6% and 18%, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infrared oculography is an accurate method to assess OKN, especially in children. Knowledge about change of OKN in healthy subjects could be helpful to interpret OKN in patients with abnormal binocular vision or lesions of the central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital, CH-9007 St Gallen, Switzerland. christophe.valmaggia@kssg.ch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Valmaggia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rütsche
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pieh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bellaiche Shavit
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Proudlock
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gottlob
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D009666:Nose; D017120:Nystagmus, Optokinetic / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies