title: Detubulation abolishes membrane potential stabilization in amphibian skeletal muscle.
abstract: A recently reported stabilization ('splinting') of the resting membrane potential ( Em) observed in amphibian skeletal muscle fibres despite extracellular hyperosmotic challenge has been attributed to high resting ratios of membrane Cl- to K+ permeability ( P Cl/ P K) combined with elevations of their intracellular Cl- concentrations, [Cl-]i, above electrochemical equilibrium by diuretic-sensitive cation-Cl-, Na-Cl (NCC) and/or Na-K-2Cl (NKCC), co-transporter activity. The present experiments localized this co-transporter activity by investigating the effects of established detubulation procedures on Em splinting. They exposed fibres to introduction and subsequent withdrawal of 400 mM extracellular glycerol, high divalent cation concentrations, and cooling. An abolition of tubular access of extracellularly added lissamine rhodamine fluorescence, visualized by confocal microscopy, and of the action potential afterdepolarization together confirmed successful transverse (T-) tubular detachment. Fibre volumes, V , of such detubulated fibres, determined using recently introduced confocal microscope-scanning methods, retained the simple dependence upon 1/[extracellular osmolarity], without significant evidence of the regulatory volume increases described in other cell types, previously established in intact fibres. However detubulation abolished the Em splinting shown by intact fibres. Em thus varied with extracellular osmolarity in detubulated fibres studied in standard, Cl(-)-containing, Ringer solutions and conformed to simple predictions from such changes in assuming that intracellular ion content was conserved and membrane potential change DeltaEm was principally determined by the K+ Nernst potential. Furthermore, cation--Cl- co-transport block brought about by [Cl-]o or [Na+]o deprivation, or inclusion of bumetanide (10 microM) and chlorothiazide (10 microM) in the extracellular fluid gave similar results. When taken together with previous reports of significant Cl- conductances in the surface membrane, these findings suggest a model that contrastingly suggests a T-tubular location for cation--Cl- co-transporter activity or its regulation.
authors.affiliation: Physiological Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Diana X-L
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Juliet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Usher-Smith
authors.forename: Jeremy N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Skepper
authors.forename: Christopher L-H
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000737:chemistry; D002740:Chlorothiazide / Q000494:pharmacology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005990:Glycerol / Q000737:chemistry; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D011896:Rana temporaria
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D002034:Bumetanide; D002740:Chlorothiazide; D005990:Glycerol