title: A phenotypic and molecular characterization of the fmr1-tm1Cgr fragile X mouse.
abstract: Fragile X Syndrome is the most common form of inherited mental retardation. It is also known for having a substantial behavioral morbidity, including autistic features. In humans, Fragile X Syndrome is almost always caused by inactivation of the X-linked FMR1 gene. A single knockout mouse model, fmr1-tm1Cgr, exists. In this report we further characterize the cognitive and behavioral phenotype of the fmr1-tm1Cgr Fragile X mouse through the use of F1 hybrid mice derived from two inbred strains (FVB/NJ and C57BL/6J). Use of F1 hybrids allows focus on the effects of the fmr1-tm1Cgr allele with reduced influence from recessive alleles present in the parental inbred strains. We find that the cognitive phenotype of fmr1-tm1Cgr mice, including measures of working memory and learning set formation that are known to be seriously impacted in humans with Fragile X Syndrome, are essentially normal. Further testing of inbred strains supports this conclusion. Thus, any fmr1-tm1Cgr cognitive deficit is surprisingly mild or absent. There is, however, clear support presented for a robust audiogenic seizure phenotype in all strains tested, as well as increased entries into the center of an open field. Finally, a molecular examination of the fmr1-tm1Cgr mouse shows that, contrary to common belief, it is not a molecular null. Implications of this finding for interpretation of the phenotype are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Institute for Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Q J
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Asafo-Adjei
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bauchwitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001007:Anxiety / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D001245:Association Learning / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D005600:Fragile X Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D009929:Organ Size / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D051860:Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C497684:Fmr1 protein, mouse