title: Aspergillus fumigatus CY018, an endophytic fungus in Cynodon dactylon as a versatile producer of new and bioactive metabolites.
abstract: Aspergillus fumigatus CY018 was recognized as an endophytic fungus for the first time in the leaf of Cynodon dactylon. By bioassay-guided fractionation, the EtOAc extract of a solid-matrix steady culture of this fungus afforded two new metabolites, named asperfumoid (1) and asperfumin (2), together with six known bioactive compounds including monomethylsulochrin, fumigaclavine C, fumitremorgin C, physcion, helvolic acid and 5alpha,8alpha-epidioxy-ergosta-6,22-diene-3beta-ol as well as other four known compounds ergosta-4,22-diene-3beta-ol, ergosterol, cyclo(Ala-Leu) and cyclo(Ala-Ile). Through detailed spectroscopic analyses including HRESI-MS, homo- and hetero-nuclear correlation NMR experiments (HMQC, COSY, NOESY and HMBC), the structures of asperfumoid and asperfumin were established to be spiro-(3-hydroxyl-2,6-dimethoxyl-2,5-diene-4-cyclohexone-(1,3')-5'-methoxyl-7'-methyl-(1'H, 2'H, 4'H)-quinoline-2',4'-dione) and 5-hydroxyl-2-(6-hydroxyl-2-methoxyl-4-methylbenzoyl)-3,6-dimethoxyl-benzoic methyl ester, respectively. All of the 12 isolates were subjected to in vitro bioactive assays against three human pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, Tricophyton rubrum and Aspergillus niger. As a result, asperfumoid, fumigaclavine C, fumitremorgin C, physcion and helvolic acid were shown to inhibit C. albicans with MICs of 75.0, 31.5, 62.5, 125.0 and 31.5 microg/mL, respectively.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Z J
authors.initials: ZJ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: W X
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: R X
authors.initials: RX
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D001565:Benzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000737:chemistry; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects; D031744:Cynodon / Q000382:microbiology*; D004642:Emodin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D004876:Ergot Alkaloids; D005672:Fusidic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D062425:Hydroxybenzoate Ethers; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007218:Industrial Microbiology / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000378:metabolism; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D011753:Pyrones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015363:Quinolones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001565:Benzoates; D001577:Benzophenones; D004876:Ergot Alkaloids; D062425:Hydroxybenzoate Ethers; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D007211:Indoles; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D011753:Pyrones; D015363:Quinolones; C500420:asperfumin; C500419:asperfumoid; C492995:fumigaclavine C; D005672:Fusidic Acid; C111298:sulochrin; C059438:ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol; C010522:tryptoquivaline; C008905:physcione; D004642:Emodin; C011267:helvolic acid; D004875:Ergosterol