title: Characteristics of and interventions for fever in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As part of a larger multinational validation study of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) alpha version, a survey was conducted in Japan to determine characteristics of 'fever' and interventions to treat febrile patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and fifty-six acute and critical care Japanese nurses participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The major and minor characteristics of 'fever' perceived by Japanese nurses and interventions used by the nurses in managing febrile patients were identified using the Diagnostic Content Validity (DCV) model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two characteristics, 'increased body temperature' and 'chills' were selected as major characteristics from the standardized list of the ICNP alpha version validation study. Nine characteristics among the standardized list of characteristics were rated as minor characteristics, and six of the ICNP characteristics were rejected. 'Shivering' and 'infectious lab data' were added with a level of representativeness similar to a major characteristic by nine of the nurses. A variety of interventions to treat fever were reported. The most frequently reported intervention was cooling, followed by warming and medication. Nine dimensions were derived from all reported interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As well as perceived characteristics of fever, these interventions may have aspects unique to Japanese nursing practice and to the acute and critical care settings. These results can be compared to those of other populations in future studies.
authors.affiliation: Nagoya University, School of Health Science, Department of Nursing, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikematsu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000855:Anorexia / Q000209:etiology; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001831:Body Temperature; D023341:Chills; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000451:nursing; D003681:Dehydration / Q000209:etiology; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000451:nursing*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D016294:Models, Nursing; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009733:Nursing Diagnosis; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018875:Vocabulary, Controlled
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic