title: Characterization of drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from Russian inmates.
abstract: METHODS
  Tuberculosis ward of a prison in Russia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Molecular characterization of drug-resistant isolates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolates were collected from all tuberculosis patients occurring in the prison over a 1-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 130 patients studied, 17 patients produced pan-susceptible isolates and 113 produced isolates resistant to at least one drug, including 85 multidrug-resistant isolates. Mutations at katG315 occurred in 98% of isoniazid-resistant isolates. Mutations in rpoB were found in 89% of rifampicin-resistant isolates. Mutations in pncA occurred in 13% of the 75 isolates tested. By spoligotyping, members of the Beijing (55 isolates) and LAM (31 isolates) families were identified. By IS6110 genotyping, two groups (34 and 55 isolates) of related isolates were found, including three clusters (10, 12, and 16 isolates) with identical patterns. In a study of samples collected 3 months apart from 28 patients, four patients produced isolates containing a mixture of strains and five patients produced specimens containing distinctly different isolates. Isolates of nine patients acquired additional drug resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three families of strains accounted for much of the drug-resistant tuberculosis in this population. Multiple resistance, acquisition of resistance, and infection with two or more strains as well as reinfection were observed.
authors.affiliation: State Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Obolensk, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: I G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Shemyakin
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Stepanshina
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Ivanov
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Lipin
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Anisimova
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Onasenko
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Korobova
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Shinnick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011329:Prisoners; D012426:Russia
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002374:Catalase; C480353:katG protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; C105078:RNA polymerase beta subunit; D007538:Isoniazid