title: Physical activity, dietary intake and metabolic risk factors in non-diabetic daughters of patients with type II diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been reported that the offspring of patients with type II diabetes have an adverse metabolic risk profile. This study aimed to investigate the impact of habitual physical activity and diet on metabolic risk factors in the daughters of patients with type II diabetes and control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine offspring and 39 age- and sex-matched controls completed physical activity and food intake diaries, during the week preceding a fasting blood sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The offspring had higher body mass index, percentage body fat, and waist circumference than the control subjects (all P < 0.01). Fasting glucose and insulin, and insulin sensitivity estimated by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA(IR)) method, were also higher in the offspring group (all P < 0.01). Daily energy expenditure was lower (P < 0.0001) in the offspring than control group. Dietary profile was not different between the groups. Daily energy expenditure was significantly correlated with waist circumference, fasting insulin, and HOMA(IR) (all P < 0.05) in offspring but not controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Offspring had a less favourable physical and metabolic profile and were less physically active than control subjects. In offspring, central adiposity and metabolic risk factors were influenced by habitual physical activity to a greater degree than in control subjects.
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: Siobhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Jason M R
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Rasa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Janilionyte
authors.forename: Muriel J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Caslake
authors.forename: Dalia
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malkova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose