title: Establishment of a detection system for demethylating agents using an endogenous promoter CpG island.
abstract: Disturbances of epigenetic information that result in changes in DNA methylation patterns are involved in carcinogenesis and other human disorders. Detection of agents that can cause epigenetic alterations--i.e. epimutagens--is therefore an important objective. We have developed and now describe the first detection system for demethylating agents that involves an endogenous promoter CpG island (CGI). After screening 10 promoter CGIs of genes silenced in human cancers, a CGI of the FLJ32130 gene was found to respond sensitively to a known demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), by abundantly re-expressing its mRNA. After introducing the Hyg(r)-EGFP fusion gene into exon 3 of the FLJ32130 gene by homologous recombination, we isolated one clone that had the expected recombination outcomes and designated it F117. Two subclones (F117-47 and F117-123) of this original clone that did not share its propensity for leaky expression of the Hyg(r)-EGFP mRNA were then isolated, and methylation of their 5' CGI was confirmed. The addition of 5-aza-dC at doses of 0.1 microM or higher led to their 5' CGI being demethylated, and to Hyg(r)-EGFP being expressed; the anticipated fluorescence was readily confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. We believe that this is the first assay system that detects agents that disturb the methylated status of a CGI that regulates an endogenous promoter.
authors.affiliation: Carcinogenesis Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Okochi-Takada
authors.forename: Shizue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichimura
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ushijima
mesh_terms: D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D017931:DNA Primers; D000077209:Decitabine; D040461:Gene Components; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005819:Genetic Markers; D000077209:Decitabine; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D001374:Azacitidine