title: Evaluation of hyaluronan from different sources: Streptococcus zooepidemicus, rooster comb, bovine vitreous, and human umbilical cord.
abstract: Sodium hyaluronate (HA) is widely distributed in extracellular matrixes and can play a role in orchestrating cell function. Consequently, many investigators have looked at the effect of exogenous HA on cell behavior in vitro. HA can be isolated from several sources (e.g., bacterial, rooster comb, umbilical cord) and therefore can possess diverse impurities. This current study compares the measured impurities and the differences in biological activity between HA preparations from these sources. It was demonstrated that nucleic acid and protein content was highest in human umbilical cord and bovine vitreous HA and was low in bacterial and rooster comb HA. Macrophages exposed to human umbilical cord HA produced significantly higher amounts of TNF-alpha relative to control or bacterial-derived HA. These results indicate that the source of HA should be considered due to differences in the amounts and types of contaminants that could lead to widely different behaviors in vitro and in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Aviva.Shiedlin@Genzyme.com
authors.forename: Aviva
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiedlin
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bigelow
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Christopher
authors.forename: Saman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arbabi
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ronald V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wainwright
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Childs
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003129:Comb and Wattles; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D018502:Streptococcus equi / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000378:metabolism*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D011108:Polymers; D011208:Powders; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012313:RNA; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid