Influence of heat and vibration on the movement of the northern fowl mite (Acari: Macronyssidae).
Heat and vibration are common host-generated cues that ectoparasites use to orient to hosts. Three experiments evaluated effects of heat and vibration on the movement of northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini & Fanzago). Individual arrested mites in an isolation chamber always initiated movement (walking) after substrate vibration (7.8-min walking duration), but only initiated movement 50% of the time (2.8-min walking duration) upon exposure to a 3 degrees C heat fluctuation. Heat fluctuation in combination with vibration extended the period of activity by approximately 50% (11.6-min walking duration) compared with activity initiated by vibration alone. Mites with longer time off-host moved for shorter durations. In a choice test, individual mites consistently moved closer to a 35 degrees C heat source 1 or 6 mm away, but not to a heat source 11 mm away. In a circular arena, mites were able to orient accurately to a 35 degrees C heat source and reached the arena edge almost 4 times faster (11.2 s) than mites without a heat source (41.2 s). These results suggest that northern fowl mite is capable of directed thermo-orientation, as well as modulation of activity depending on the type of sensory information perceived. The adaptive significance of this orientation for a "permanent" ectoparasite is discussed.
Owen
Jeb P
JP
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Mullens
Bradley A
BA
D040041:Acaridae / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000469:parasitology; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D010058:Oviposition; D014732:Vibration