title: Assessment of drug therapy management and the prevalence of heart failure in a managed care population with hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To (1) determine the prevalence of heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular risk factors within a hypertensive managed care population, (2) measure blood pressure goal attainment in patients with concurrent HF and hypertension (HTN), and (3) assess the use of drug therapy for diabetic and nondiabetic patients with concurrent HF and HTN, particularly regarding the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients were identified through a review of medical and pharmacy claims data from 10 managed care organizations (MCOs) and 2 specialty medical groups (4.6 million total members) from June 1998 through July 2001. From approximately 850,000 members in the claims database identified as hypertensive, 7,226 were randomly selected for medical chart review. Of these, 6,935 medical charts had a confirmed diagnosis of HTN but not HF, and 291 (4%) had confirmed HTN and HF. The study population--291 patients with HTN and HF--provided information on demographic characteristics, prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and relevant comorbidities, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Current antihypertensive therapy prescription fill rate was evaluated using pharmacy claims.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with diagnoses of HTN and HF confirmed in the medical chart (N=291) were included in the present analysis. HF prevalence among hypertensive patients was 4% (291 of 7,226). Mean age of the study patients was 68.3 years, and 52.9% of the patients were female. Key cardiovascular risk factors included gender (men and postmenopausal women) (89.3%), age > 60 years (73.5%), hyperlipidemia (47.4%), and diabetes (38.8%). Of the total sample, only 30.1% of the diabetic (34 of 113) and 26.4% of the nondiabetic (47 of 178) patients with HF had their blood pressure controlled to the goal level of < 130/85 mm Hg recommended by the Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, the national guideline in effect at the time. Overall, 64.7% of HF patients for whom we had pharmacy claims were receiving an ACE inhibitor or an ARB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results indicate a deficit in the treatment of HTN among HF patients with and without diabetes, including failure to achieve blood pressure goals (< 130/85 mm Hg at the time of this study period). More aggressive quality improvement programs are necessary to educate providers and patients on the importance of treating blood pressure to nationally accepted goal using antihypertensives proven beneficial for hypertensive patients with HF.
authors.affiliation: Applied Health Outcomes, 3488 East Lake Rd., Suite 201, Palm Harbor, FL 34685, USA. jjackson@applied-outcomes.com
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Feride
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frech
authors.forename: Revital
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ronen
authors.forename: Lawrence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mullany
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lennert
authors.forename: Vishu
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jhaveri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents