title: Dystonia in a 13-year-old boy with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
abstract: We report a patient who developed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) at 8 years old, and then had a progressive clinical course and dystonia. Dystonia of the patient is probably due to a lesion of the basal ganglia. Abnormal posture or movement disorder is very rarely found in MS, and progressive clinical course is also rare in childhood. The patient is worthy of attention because of his childhood onset, progressive clinical course and dystonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Utano National Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. kshirais@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Yoshihisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D001132:Arm / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001480:Basal Ganglia Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004421:Dystonia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007866:Leg / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta