title: Long-term intracerebral inflammatory response after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: Epidemiological and pathological studies suggest that head injury is a significant risk factor for subsequent neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in later life. The precise mechanisms for the development of post-traumatic neurodegenerative change are unclear but we hypothesize that persistence of inflammatory processes in the brain may play a key role and that some individuals are more susceptible to such changes based on their genetic make-up. In support of this hypothesis we present evidence of persistent elevated microglial activity in long-term survivors of head injury and the suggestion of an association between the extent of this activity and interleukin-1 genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Division of Neuroscience and Psychological Medicine, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Campus, London, UK. s.gentleman@imperial.ac.uk <s.gentleman@imperial.ac.uk>
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gentleman
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Leclercq
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moyes
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: W S T
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: J A R
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nicoll
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000378:metabolism; D007223:Infant; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010587:Phagocytosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000097382:CD68 Molecule
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; C067980:CD68 antigen, human; D000097382:CD68 Molecule