title: The effect of dietary ractopamine concentration and duration of feeding on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs.
abstract: A total of 400 barrows from Dekalb EB and 83 terminal sires mated to 43 and 45 maternal lines were used to evaluate the effects of dietary ractopamine (RAC; Paylean, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) concentrations (0, 5, 10, or 20 ppm; as-fed basis) and feeding durations (6 to 34 d) on growth, efficiency, carcass, and meat quality characteristics of finishing pigs. Barrows were weighed and sorted into five weight blocks, each block consisting of 16 pens (five pigs per pen). Weight blocks were allocated to feeding duration treatments and assigned consecutively by weight from lightest to heaviest to represent 34, 27, 20, 13, and 6 d on test, respectively. The lightest and heaviest blocks averaged 79.8 and 103.8 kg, respectively, at the start of the test. Within a weight block, pens (four per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of four dietary concentrations of RAC in a basal diet containing 18.5% CP and 1.13% lysine. The experiment-wide target slaughter weight was 109 kg, and pigs and feeders were weighed weekly. Weight blocks (80 barrows per block) were slaughtered at a commercial packing plant after 6, 13, 20, 27, or 34 d on test. Overall, RAC supplementation improved (P < 0.05) ADG; however, ADG was not different (P > 0.08) from controls for pigs fed 5, 10, and 20 ppm RAC for 27, 34, and 6 d, respectively. During each feeding period, RAC-fed pigs had improved (P < 0.05) G:F, and, after 20, 27, and 34 d on test, pigs fed 20 ppm RAC had greater (P < 0.05) G:F compared with those fed 0 or 5 ppm RAC. Hot carcass weight was increased (P < 0.05) by RAC feeding after 13 and 27 d of feeding, and by feeding 10 and 20 ppm RAC after 20 d of feeding. After 34 d, pigs fed 20 ppm RAC had heavier (P < 0.05) hot carcass weight than pigs fed 10 ppm RAC. Fat-free lean estimates and the 10th-rib LM area were increased (P < 0.05) by feeding 10 and 20 ppm RAC after 27 d, and by feeding 20 ppm RAC after 34 d compared with controls. Japanese and American color scores, as well as L*, a*, and b* values of the LM, were not affected (P > 0.11) by 5 and 10 ppm RAC compared with controls during each feeding period. Visual marbling score for the LM was decreased (P < 0.05) when RAC was fed at 10 and 20 ppm compared with 0 ppm RAC when fed for 34 d. Dietary RAC improved growth performance at all feeding durations, whereas carcass composition was improved at longer feeding durations. In addition, 5 and 10 ppm RAC did not affect objective and subjective measures of pork quality.
authors.affiliation: Elanco Animal Health, A Division of Eli Lilly and Co., Greenfield, IN 46140, USA. tarmstrong@lilly.com
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ivers
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Weldon
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D010627:Phenethylamines; C060897:ractopamine