Near-infrared spectroscopy: a tool to monitor cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes after cardiac arrest in rats.
BACKGROUND
Cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with poor neurological outcome and is associated with a poor understanding of the cerebral hemodynamic and metabolic changes. The objective of this study was to determine the applicability of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), to observe the changes in cerebral total hemoglobin (T-Hb) reflecting cerebral blood volume, oxygenation state of Hb, oxidized cytochrome oxidase (Cyto-C), and brain water content following CA.


METHODS
Fourteen rats were subjected to normothermic (37.5 degrees C) or hypothermic (34 degrees C) CA induced by 8 min of asphyxiation. Animals were resuscitated with ventilation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and epinephrine (adrenaline). Hypothermia was induced before CA. NIRS was applied to the animal head to measure T-Hb with a wavelength of 808 nm (n = 10) and oxygenated/deoxygenated Hb, Cyto-C, and brain water content with wavelengths of 620-1120 nm (n = 4).


RESULTS
There were no technical difficulties in applying NIRS to the animal, and the signals were strong and consistent. Normothermic CA caused post-resuscitation hyperemia followed by hypoperfusion determined by the level of T-Hb. Hypothermic CA blunted post-resuscitation hyperemia and resulted in more prominent post-resuscitation hypoperfusion. Both, normothermic and hypothermic CA resulted in a sharp decrease in oxygenated Hb and Cyto-C, and the level of oxygenated Hb was higher in hypothermic CA after resuscitation. There was a rapid increase in brain water signals following CA. Hypothermic CA attenuated increased water signals in normothermic CA following resuscitation.


CONCLUSIONS
NIRS can be applied to monitor cerebral blood volume, oxygenation state of Hb, Cyto-C, and water content following CA in rats.
Xiao
Feng
F
Department of Emergency Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center in Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA. fxiao@lsuhsc.edu
Rodriguez
Juan
J
Arnold
Thomas C
TC
Zhang
Shu
S
Ferrara
Davon
D
Ewing
Jennifer
J
Alexander
J Steven
JS
Carden
Donna L
DL
Conrad
Steven A
SA
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared