title: The association of tobacco and other factors with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in an US adult population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine point and annual prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Reported prevalence of RAS in textbooks and much of the literature varies according to study location, patient selection and whether point prevalence (presence of lesions at examination) or period prevalence (history of lesions during a specified period) is reported. Many studies are based on non-probability samples and this may contribute to significant variation in reported prevalence and factors presumed to be associated with RAS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994, a large United States probability sample, for RAS and covariates suggested in the literature using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oral mucosal examinations were performed on 17 235 adults 17 years and older. Of these, 146 (0.89%) had at least one clinically apparent aphthous lesion. For annual (reported) prevalence, Whites (20.87%) and Mexican-Americans (12.88%) had several fold higher prevalence of RAS than Blacks (4.96%). Adults younger than 40 years of age had almost twice the prevalence (22.54%) of those older than 40 years (13.42%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Annual prevalence was significantly higher in whites and Mexican-Americans (compared with blacks), individuals 17-39 years of age, cigarette non-smokers, and those with recurrent herpes labialis history; while it was lower in males. Point prevalence was significantly higher in whites, Mexican-American, individuals 17-39 years of age, cigarette non-smokers, and males.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX 75246, USA. Frivera-hidalgo@tambcd.edu
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivera-Hidalgo
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Beach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012008:Recurrence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D013281:Stomatitis, Aphthous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology