title: Force tracking system for the assessment of grip force control in patients with neuromuscular diseases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of hand functionality assessment methods consist of the maximal voluntary grip force measurement. Additional knowledge on sensory-motor control can be obtained by capturing functional grip force in a time frame. Tracking methods have been successfully used for the assessment of grip force control in stroke patients and patients with Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A novel tracking system for the evaluation of grip force control is presented. The system consists of a grip-measuring device with the end-objects of different shapes which was used as input to a tracking task where the patient applied the grip force according to the visual feedback. The grip force control was assessed in 20 patients with neuromuscular diseases and 9 healthy subjects. The performance of two tracking tasks was analysed in five grips. The ramp-tracking task was designed to assess the grip strength and muscle fatigue. The sinus-tracking task was used to evaluate grip force control during periodic muscle activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results suggest that in some patients the disease did not affect their grip force control despite evident muscular weakness. Most patients produced larger tracking errors in precision grip while the healthy subjects showed less significant differences in performance among the grips tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study investigated force control in patients with neuromuscular diseases where detection of small changes in motor performance is important when following the progress of disease. The presented evaluation method can provide additional information on muscle activation and fatigue as compared to traditional grip strength testing.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Robotics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska 25, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. gregorji.kurillo@robo.fe.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: Gregorij
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kurillo
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zupan
authors.forename: Tadej
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bajd
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D013314:Stress, Mechanical