title: Myocardial angiogenesis.
abstract: Coronary angiogenesis and collateral growth are chronic adaptations to myocardial ischemia, which are aimed at restoring coronary blood flow and salvaging myocardium in an ischemic region. Although we have assumed that myriad numbers of growth factors are involving in this adaptation, details in the underlying mechanisms, i.e., number of angiogenic factors, angiostatic factors, their receptors/signaling cascades, interactions/crosstalk among the signaling pathways and receptors, and the time course of expression/function of a particular factor or pathway during the successful adaptation are still unclear; they are, probably, harmonized like a symphony. Although there is as of yet no consensus about the mechanisms and causal factors for these cononary adaptations to ischemia, recent evidence strongly suggests that a balance between growth factors and growth inhibitors is critical. In this review we introduce vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietins, and angiostatin, as factors playing pivotal roles in coronary angiogenesis and collateral growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chilian
mesh_terms: D042682:Angiopoietins / Q000378:metabolism; D043168:Angiostatins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D042682:Angiopoietins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D043168:Angiostatins