Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-one inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases.
Using a high-throughput screening strategy, a series of 1-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones was identified that inhibit the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/cyclin D1 complex-mediated phosphorylation of a protein substrate with IC(50)s in the low micromolar range. On the basis of preliminary structure-activity relationships (SAR), a model was proposed in which these inhibitors occupy the ATP-binding site of the enzyme, forming critical hydrogen bonds to the same residue (Val96) to which the amino group in ATP is presumed to bind. X-ray diffraction studies on a later derivative bound to CDK2 support this binding mode. Iterative cycles of synthesis and screening lead to a novel series of potent, CDK2-selective 6-(arylmethyl)pyrazolopyrimidinones. Placement of a hydrogen-bond donor in the meta-position on the 6-arylmethyl group resulted in approximately 100-fold increases in CDK4 affinity, giving ligands that were equipotent inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK2. These compounds exhibit antiproliferative effects in the NCI HCT116 and other cell lines. The potency of these antiproliferative effects is enhanced in anilide derivatives and translates into tumor growth inhibition in a mouse xenograft model.
Markwalder
Jay A
JA
Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA. jay.markwalder@bms.com
Arnone
Marc R
MR
Benfield
Pamela A
PA
Boisclair
Michael
M
Burton
Catherine R
CR
Chang
Chong-Hwan
CH
Cox
Sarah S
SS
Czerniak
Philip M
PM
Dean
Charity L
CL
Doleniak
Deborah
D
Grafstrom
Robert
R
Harrison
Barbara A
BA
Kaltenbach
Robert F
RF
Nugiel
David A
DA
Rossi
Karen A
KA
Sherk
Susan R
SR
Sisk
Lisa M
LM
Stouten
Pieter
P
Trainor
George L
GL
Worland
Peter
P
Seitz
Steven P
SP
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D019938:Cyclin D1; C495900:CDK4 protein, human; C495902:Cdk4 protein, mouse; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases