title: Kinetic anaesthesia for laser surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Local anaesthetic is widely used in ophthalmic surgery and more recently in vitreoretinal surgery. Akinesia is a useful effect of local anaesthetic blocks, but there are situations where some residual globe movements are of benefit. We looked to see whether reducing the volume of anaesthetic solution used in a block could retain some kinesia while achieving good analgesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared two groups of patients undergoing panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) with an indirect laser. The control group received 5 ml of anaesthetic solution in a single injection by a standard intraconal technique; a second group received a lower volume of solution by the same technique. We recorded the adequacy of anaesthesia and the amount of residual kinesia for the two groups. Differences between groups were analysed using the Student's t-test and chi(2) tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The low-volume group received an average of 2.8 ml, compared to 5 ml in the control group. There was no significant difference in the adequacy of analgesia achieved, however 16/18 (89%: 95% confidence intervals (CI)=81.5-96.3%) of the low-volume group had good perioperative kinesia compared to just 3/21 (14%: 95% CI=6.6-21.9%) of the controls (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have shown that low-volume intraconal blocks retain some perioperative kinesia without compromising their analgesic effect.
authors.affiliation: Southampton Eye Unit, Southampton, UK. fcuthbertson@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Cuthbertson
authors.forename: R S B
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Newsom
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wainwright
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012160:Retina / Q000601:surgery; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; D002045:Bupivacaine