title: Parenteral influenza vaccination influences mucosal and systemic T cell-mediated immunity in healthy adults.
abstract: We sought to determine whether palatine tonsils (PTs) harbor naturally acquired influenza-specific T cell immunity and whether routine parenteral immunization with influenza vaccine influences mucosal and systemic T cell reactivity. We demonstrate that tonsillar and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) proliferate strongly to influenza antigens, suggesting that naturally acquired immunity exists within both the mucosal and systemic compartments. Influenza vaccination induced significantly stronger T cell responses in both PTs and blood, in addition to increasing titers of anti-influenza antibodies in serum and saliva. More-rapid proliferative responses of PTs after vaccination were associated with a shift from a response involving both CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ T cells to an entirely CD45RO+-dependent response. Interestingly, the ratio of interferon- gamma to interleukin-5 was dramatically higher in cultures of PT T cells responding to influenza than in PBMCs. Our data indicate that parenteral influenza vaccination influences both mucosal and systemic naturally acquired T cell immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: Christopher G L
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Heyderman
authors.forename: Neil A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D007267:Injections; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D007377:Interleukin-3 / Q000032:analysis; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D014066:Palatine Tonsil / Q000276:immunology; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D007377:Interleukin-3; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens