title: Treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases interleukin-1 receptor antagonist levels during engraftment following allogeneic stem-cell transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) plasma concentrations as well as the role of IL-1ra on leucocyte recovery and parameters of infection within the first 30 days after haematopietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) are not well known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients undergoing myeloablative therapy followed by allogeneic SCT for various haematological disorders were either treated with (n = 18) or without (n = 9) G-CSF. IL-1ra plasma levels were serially determined by ELISA starting at day - 1 and continued until patients were engrafted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients receiving G-CSF had significantly shorter neutropenic periods and significantly lower mean C-reactive protein serum levels during the first 3 weeks succeeding bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Importantly, starting at day + 11 and paralleling the rise of peripheral blood leucocytes, increasing IL-1ra plasma concentrations were observed in both treatment groups. However, the magnitude of the IL-1ra surge was far greater in the G-CSF treatment group. Peak IL-1ra plasma level observed on day + 19 was 882.3 +/- 879.2 pg mL(-1) (mean +/- SD) in patients receiving G-CSF compared with 285.8 +/- 175.2 pg mL(-1) (mean +/- SD) in patients not receiving G-CSF (P = 0.0130). Furthermore, a direct correlation of IL-1ra with peripheral blood leucocytes was verified by the Spearman rank test (P = 0.0025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mediated acceleration of neutrophil recovery following myeloablative therapy correlated with increased IL-1ra plasma concentrations. Our data suggest that IL-1ra constitutes an intrinsic component of the anti-inflammatory and neutrophil differentiating efficacy of G-CSF and, thus, IL-1ra may be required for the in vivo activity of G-CSF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwabe
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hartert
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bertz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finke
mesh_terms: D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000188:drug therapy; D011184:Postoperative Period; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein