title: Variation of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (cHH) level in the eyestalk and haemolymph of the shrimp Palaemon elegans following stress.
abstract: This study investigates (by means of bioassays and ELISA using an antibody against recombinant cHH) the variation of cHH levels in the eyestalks and haemolymph of Palaemon elegans (Decapoda, Caridea) following exposure to various stresses (heavy metals and lipopolysaccharide), and correlates them with the variation in amount and time course of blood glucose. The dose-relationship between exposure to copper and quick release of cHH from the eyestalk into haemolymph was confirmed by variation of blood glucose with a dose-related hyperglycaemia, that peaked 2 h after immersion in contaminated seawater. Animals exposed to a sublethal concentration of mercury showed the same dose relation between toxicant, release of cHH from the eyestalk, increment of circulating hormone level and subsequent hyperglycaemia as observed for copper contamination. It is of note that although the highest lethal mercury concentration induced the release of cHH from the eyestalk into the haemolymph, it was not followed by a significant variation of blood glucose. Step doses of a bacterial contaminant [such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli injected into shrimps] confirmed the dose-relationship and convergent chain of events that bring about hyperglycaemia. These are the first data that relate the release of cHH from the eyestalk, the circulating hormone level and the consequent glycaemic response to stress. Moreover, they confirm the dose-related pathway that leads to variation of blood glucose as a quantitative biomarker of environmental quality, even at sublethal toxicant concentrations.
authors.affiliation: BRAIN Center, Department of Biology, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 7, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lorenzon
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Edomi
authors.forename: Piero G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Giulianini
authors.forename: Romina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mettulio
authors.forename: Enrico A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ferrero
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D001681:Biological Assay; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008522:Mediterranean Sea; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D060829:Arthropod Proteins; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007447:Invertebrate Hormones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C015947:hyperglycemic hormone, crustacean