title: The efficacy of long-term oral chemotherapy with 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine and cyclophosphamide for recurrent breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is known to be converted by thymidine phosphorylase (dThdPase). A recent preclinical study revealed that cyclophosphamide (CPA) upregulated dThdPase activity, specifically in tumor cells. The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of long-term administration of 5'-DFUR/CPA for patients with recurrent breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen breast cancer patients with recurrent tumors entered this study. Ten patients had bone metastasis, five had lung metastasis, and two had liver metastasis. Three patients had multiorgan metastases. All patients had had previous exposure to standard chemotherapy such as CAF (CPA, doxorubicin, and 5-FU) and CMF (CPA, methotrexate, and 5-FU). The patients were orally administered with daily doses of 5'-DFUR at 800-1200 mg and CPA at 200 mg for 2 weeks as induction therapy, followed by 2 weeks' rest (one to two cycles). Daily doses of 800 mg of 5'-DFUR and 100 mg of CPA (as maintenance therapy) were continuously administered thereafter. Ten of the 15 patients received the maintenance therapy alone. The treatment was continued for at least 24 months (average, 35.2 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main findings included a significant decrease in pain in nine patients with bone metastasis, and this effect continued for more than 2 years. As the pain decreased, the patients' quality of life (QOL) was improved. Liver metastasis was diminished in two out of two patients. Hematological toxicity of more than grade 3 was recognized in three patients, but only during the induction therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral administration of 5'-DFUR/CPA is well tolerated and useful for patients with recurrent breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan. iba-jun@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iba
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kidokoro
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukunaga
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suda
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005467:Floxuridine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D010166:Palliative Care; D011788:Quality of Life
chemical_list: D005467:Floxuridine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; C025034:doxifluridine