title: Electroconvulsive therapy for the treatment of clozapine nonresponders suffering from schizophrenia--an open label study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This open label study describes the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as adjunctive treatment in clozapine nonresponders suffering from schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results of clozapine and ECT treatment in 11 clozapine nonresponders suffering from schizophrenia are reported in terms of remission and relapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients had a remission with this combination treatment. After remission of symptoms five patients had a relapse. Three of the five patients who relapsed had a second successful ECT course and remained well with maintenance ECT and clozapine. No evidence for adverse effects was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjunctive ECT can be efficacious in clozapine nonresponders suffering from schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: GGZ Delfland, St Jorisweg 2, 2612 GA Delft, The Netherlands. k.kho@ggz-delfland.nl
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kho
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Blansjaar
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Babuskova
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zwinderman
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Linszen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000628:therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine