title: Environmental biosafety and transgenic potato in a centre of diversity for this crop.
abstract: The Nuffield Council on Bioethics suggests that introgression of genetic material into related species in centres of crop biodiversity is an insufficient justification to bar the use of genetically modified crops in the developing world. They consider that a precautionary approach to forgo the possible benefits invokes the fallacy of thinking that doing nothing is itself without risk to the poor. Here we report findings relevant to this and other aspects of environmental biosafety for genetically modified potato in its main centre of biodiversity, the central Andes. We studied genetically modified potato clones that provide resistance to nematodes, principal pests of Andean potato crops. We show that there is no harm to many non-target organisms, but gene flow occurs to wild relatives growing near potato crops. If stable introgression were to result, the fitness of these wild species could be altered. We therefore transformed the male sterile cultivar Revolucion to provide a genetically modified nematode-resistant potato to evaluate the benefits that this provides until the possibility of stable introgression to wild relatives is determined. Thus, scientific progress is possible without compromise to the precautionary principle.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Celis
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scurrah
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cowgill
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chumbiauca
authors.forename: Jayne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Main
authors.forename: Daan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kiezebrink
authors.forename: Richard G F
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Atkinson
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D030841:Food, Genetically Modified / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D006824:Hybridization, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D007313:Insecta / Q000502:physiology; D009348:Nematoda / Q000502:physiology; D010568:Peru; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000592:standards*; D010641:Phenotype; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D011058:Pollen / Q000502:physiology; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012449:Safety; D036226:Seedlings / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D032322:Solanum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000469:parasitology; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics*; D006113:United Kingdom