title: Embryonic expression pattern of the Drosophila Kallmann syndrome gene kal-1.
abstract: The role of kal-1, the gene responsible for the X chromosome-linked form of Kallmann syndrome, is not well definite. In Drosophila, the kal-1 gene encodes a putative protein with the characteristic kal-1 topology but with only two Fibronectin-like type III (FnIII) domains. We studied the embryonic expression pattern of kal-1 using whole mount in situ hybridization. This gene is expressed in the second half of embryogenesis showing a complex and dynamic pattern. kal-1 is expressed during important morphogenetic processes such as germ band retraction, dorsal closure and head involution. We found expression in cells associated with different sensory organs, such as the antennal organ, which has an olfactory function, the chordotonal organ, the Keilin's organ and the dorsal pharyngeal organ. Expression of kal-1 in the head also regards some ectodermal cells of the gnathal lobes. By studying the expression in Dfd and cnc homeotic mutants, we found that these ectodermal cells derive from the anterior and posterior mandibular segment, whose determination depends on cnc, and that the expression in the posterior mandibular segment requires Dfd activity. kal-1 is also expressed in the posterior part of the male gonads in a specific subset of the somatic cells called male-specific somatic gonadal precursors (msSGPs). This is the first time that the expression of a kal-1 ortholog has been demonstrated to be sex specific making the kal-1 transcript a useful tool for the study of sex determination in the gonad.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, A. Buzzati Traverso, CNR. Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy. andrenacci@tigem.it
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Andrenacci
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Bras
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosaria Grimaldi
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rugarli
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Graziani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006066:Gonads / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D017436:Kallmann Syndrome / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012903:Smell / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C500363:Kal1 protein, Drosophila