title: Rhabdomyolysis after penetrating trauma.
abstract: Rhabdomyolysis (RHAB) is a known complication following blunt trauma. RHAB after penetrating trauma has not been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and complications of RHAB following penetrating trauma. Over a 5-year period, penetrating trauma patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) were studied. Significant RHAB was defined as a CK level of 5000 U/L or higher. There were 873 patients (29 +/- 12 years old, 92% male), of whom 767 (88%) had abnormal CK levels (range 520-165,943 U/L), and 111 patients (13%) developed significant RHAB. Victims of penetrating trauma who sustain vascular and severe extremity injury are at a sixfold increased risk to develop significant RHAB. Patients with significant RHAB had a higher rate of renal failure (23% vs 7%, P < 0.0001) and longer ICU stay (15 +/- 26 days vs 8 +/- 12 days, P < 0.0001). CK elevations and significant RHAB are common after penetrating trauma. Patients who sustain vascular and severe extremity injury as a result of their penetrating wounds are at high risk to develop significant RHAB, resulting in renal failure and prolonged ICU stay. Therefore, critically injured penetrating trauma patients should be routinely screened with CK levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos V R
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Demetrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Demetriades
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Velmahos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000293:injuries*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D005121:Extremities / Q000098:blood supply / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014505:Urban Population; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D003402:Creatine Kinase