title: Molecular bases for sensitivity to tubulin-binding herbicides in green foxtail.
abstract: We investigated the molecular bases for resistance to several classes of herbicides that bind tubulins in green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.). We identified two alpha- and two beta-tubulin genes in green foxtail. Sequence comparison between resistant and sensitive plants revealed two mutations, a leucine-to-phenylalanine change at position 136 and a threonine-to-isoleucine change at position 239, in the gene encoding alpha2-tubulin. Association of mutation at position 239 with herbicide resistance was demonstrated using near-isogenic lines derived from interspecific pairings between green foxtail and foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.), and herbicide sensitivity bioassays combined with allele-specific PCR-mediated genotyping. Association of mutation at position 136 with herbicide resistance was demonstrated using herbicide sensitivity bioassays combined with allele-specific PCR-mediated genotyping. Both mutations were associated with recessive cross resistance to dinitroanilines and benzoic acids, no change in sensitivity to benzamides, and hypersensitivity to carbamates. Using three-dimensional modeling, we found that the two mutations are adjacent and located into a region involved in tubulin dimer-dimer contact. Comparison of three-dimensional alpha-tubulin models for organisms with contrasted sensitivity to tubulin-binding herbicides enabled us to propose that residue 253 and the vicinity of the side chain of residue 251 are critical determinants for the differences in herbicide sensitivity observed between organisms, and that positions 16, 24, 136, 239, 252, and 268 are involved in modulating sensitivity to these herbicides.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie et Gestion des Adventices, F-21065 Dijon cedex, France. delye@dijon.inra.fr
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Délye
authors.forename: Yosra
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Menchari
authors.forename: Séverine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Michel
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Darmency
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D032983:Setaria Plant / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014404:Tubulin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D014404:Tubulin