title: A new phenotype of resistance to lincosamide and streptogramin A-type antibiotics in Streptococcus agalactiae in New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize a new type of resistance to clindamycin in Streptococcus agalactiae.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen erythromycin-susceptible, clindamycin-resistant S. agalactiae isolates from New Zealand were studied. MICs of macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin antibiotics were determined. Clindamycin and streptogramin resistance genes were searched for by PCR. Isolates were compared by serotyping and by DNA macrorestriction patterns determined by PFGE. Conjugative transfer of resistance traits to recipient strains of S. agalactiae and Enterococcus faecium was assayed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 19 S. agalactiae isolates were intermediate or resistant to clindamycin (MIC range: 0.5-2 mg/L) and lincomycin (MIC range: 1-8 mg/L) and had high MICs of dalfopristin (4-32 mg/L), a streptogramin A-type antibiotic, compared with controls. By contrast, the strains were susceptible to macrolides and quinupristin, a streptogramin B-type antibiotic. This new phenotype was called LSA (lincosamide-streptogramin A). Clindamycin resistance could not be transferred to recipient strains. Thirteen isolates belonged to serotype III and to a single PFGE genotype A, and five isolates belonged to serotype I and to genotype B. One isolate was non-typeable and belonged to a distinct genotype C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have characterized a new LSA phenotype in S. agalactiae. Analysis of restriction patterns of S. agalactiae chromosomal DNA showed that the resistance was spread in a minimum of three bacterial clones. The genetic and biochemical basis for the resistance remains unknown.
authors.affiliation: Service de Microbiologie, CHU Côte de Nacre, 14033 Caen, France.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Malbruny
authors.forename: Anja M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Werno
authors.forename: Trevor P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Murdoch
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Leclercq
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D055231:Lincosamides; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010641:Phenotype; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D025364:Streptogramin A / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D055231:Lincosamides; D018942:Macrolides; D002981:Clindamycin; D025364:Streptogramin A