title: Phenylobacterium lituiforme sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium from a subsurface aquifer, and emended description of the genus Phenylobacterium.
abstract: A facultative anaerobic bacterium, strain FaiI3(T), was isolated from samples collected from the free-flowing waters of a bore well (Fairlea Bore, registration number 3768) which taps into the Australian Great Artesian Basin subsurface thermal aquifer. Strain FaiI3(T) developed yellow to pale-yellow colonies (0.5-1.5 mm) after 48 h. The non-spore forming rods (0.5x1-3 microm) were slightly curved, occurred singly and as pairs and were motile with a single polar flagellum. Cells tended to form clumps in liquid medium and rosettes were commonly observed. The cells stained Gram-negative and electron micrographs of thin sections revealed a multi-layered complex Gram-negative cell wall structure. Strain FaiI3(T) grew optimally at 40-41 degrees C, with growth observed at 45 degrees C but not at 50 degrees C. The pH growth range was between pH 6 and 9 and optimal growth occurred between pH 6 and 6.5. Strain FaiI3(T) grew best with yeast extract as the sole carbon and energy source. Peptone, yeast extract, acetate, xylose, sucrose, glucose, glycerol, succinate, butyrate, lactate, fumarate, citrate, L-phenylalanine, cellobiose and gelatin supported growth but maltose, fructose, glycine, ethanol, benzoate and oxalate did not. Tyrosine was produced from L-phenylalanine. Strain FaiI3(T) was catalase-positive and oxidase-negative and did not hydrolyse starch. Growth was inhibited by neomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, vancomycin and spectinomycin. The G+C content was determined to be 66.5+/-0.5 mol%. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain FaiI3(T) was assigned as a novel species of the genus Phenylobacterium, Phenylobacterium lituiforme sp. nov. in the order Caulobacterales, subclass alpha-Proteobacteria, class Proteobacteria. The type strain is FaiI3(T) (=ATCC BAA-294(T)=DSM 14363(T)).
authors.affiliation: Microbial Discovery Research Unit, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors.forename: Sungwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kanso
authors.affiliation: Microbial Discovery Research Unit, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
authors.forename: Bharat K C
authors.initials: BKC
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001315:Australia; D001482:Base Composition; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis; D042063:Caulobacteraceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005407:Flagella; D020459:Genes, rRNA / Q000235:genetics; D005840:Gentian Violet; D045482:Hot Springs / Q000382:microbiology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009068:Movement; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis; D010619:Phenazines; D010802:Phylogeny; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000166:cytology; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; C035863:Gram's stain; D010619:Phenazines; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013213:Starch; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D002374:Catalase; D005840:Gentian Violet