title: Lung injury after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion may be avoided by the reduced absorption of locally produced cytokines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that inflammatory mediators such as cytokines released during intestinal ischemia and reperfusion increase permeability in the lungs. Cytokines exist at concentrations several hundred times higher at the site of inflammation than in the blood. When absorbed, the locally produced cytokines may affect multiple remote organs. We thus investigated whether the isolation of the intestine in a bag during ischemia and reperfusion can reduce subsequent lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into three groups: group 1, simple laparotomy (sham); group 2, intestinal ischemia and reperfusion (I/R); and group 3, intestinal ischemia and reperfusion with an intestinal bag (IB). Lung permeability was assessed using the Evans Blue leakage method. Cytokines (interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-8) in the plasma and ascites were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in lung permeability of I/R significantly decreased in IB (1.73 +/- 0.48 vs 1.05 +/- 0.22, P < 0.01). The plasma cytokine concentrations were also lower in IB than in I/R. In addition, the cytokine levels in the intestinal bag fluid were extremely high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The isolation of the intestine during ischemia and reperfusion was found to reduce the degree of subsequent lung injury, possibly due to the reduced absorption of locally produced cytokines via the parietal peritoneum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Nagoya City University Medical School, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narita
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha