title: Intrathecal drug therapy using the Codman Model 3000 Constant Flow Implantable Infusion Pumps: experience with 17 cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy, reliability, safety, and efficacy of the Codman Model 3000 Constant Flow Implantable Infusion Pump for intrathecal baclofen delivery as a therapeutic option for the treatment of severe spasticity. The distinctive features of this pump include a raised, easily palpable septum, a safety valve protecting the bolus pathway, no programmer needed, and no battery to fail.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 17 patients with spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, or cerebral palsy were implanted with this pump. The accuracy of the pump and drug treatment efficacy was determined at each visit and adjustments to the dosages were made as required. All the intrathecal drug delivery system complications were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expected efficacy was achieved. The accuracy of the implanted pumps ranged from 90-97% (average 94%). There were no complications due to primary pump problems. The complications reported are similar to other implantable infusion devices and include dehiscence of the suture line, pressure ulcer development, formation of seroma, inversion of the pump, baclofen overdose, and catheter failures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Codman Model 3000 Constant Flow Implantable Infusion Pump is an accurate, reliable, and convenient option for patients needing intrathecal baclofen therapy, with complications similar to other available pumps.
authors.affiliation: Section of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Ethans
authors.forename: O I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Schryvers
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Nance
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Casey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen