title: Objective analysis of gastroesophageal reflux after laparoscopic heller myotomy: an anti-reflux procedure is required.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Controversy exists over the necessity of performing a concurrent antireflux procedure with a Heller myotomy. We therefore sought to objectively analyze gastroesophageal reflux following laparoscopic Heller myotomy where an antireflux procedure was not performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective database of 66 cases of laparoscopic Heller myotomy performed between November 1996 and June 2002 was reviewed. Previous, concurrent, or subsequent fundoplication was performed in 12 patients; therefore 54 patients without antireflux procedures were available for analysis. Follow-up included symptomatic assessment in 50 patients (93%). Heartburn was assessed on a four-point scale with clinical significance defined as >2 episodes/week. Objective testing, including endoscopy, esophagogram, manometry, and 24-h pH monitoring, was offered to all patients. Objective evidence of reflux was defined as the composite endpoint of positive 24-h pH monitoring or esophagitis on endoscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant heartburn was reported in 15 of 50 patients (30%). Positive 24-h pH recordings were seen in 11 of 22 patients tested while esophagitis was seen in 13 of 21 patients tested, resulting in objective evidence of reflux in 18 of 30 patients tested (60%). Of these 18 patients, seven did not have significant heartburn. All 12 patients without objective reflux did not have significant heartburn. Therefore, of the 30 patients with objective testing, seven (23%) had objective reflux without subjective heartburn (silent reflux).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Objective analysis reveals an unacceptable rate of gastroesophageal reflux in laparoscopic Heller myotomy without an antireflux procedure. We therefore recommend performing a concurrent antireflux procedure.
authors.affiliation: The Centre for Minimally Invasive Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Burpee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mamazza
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schlachta
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bendavid
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moloo
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Poulin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies