title: Relationship between composition and toxicity of motor vehicle emission samples.
abstract: In this study we investigated the statistical relationship between particle and semivolatile organic chemical constituents in gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust samples, and toxicity as measured by inflammation and tissue damage in rat lungs and mutagenicity in bacteria. Exhaust samples were collected from "normal" and "high-emitting" gasoline and diesel light-duty vehicles. We employed a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares regression (PLS; also known as projection to latent structures) to evaluate the relationships between chemical composition of vehicle exhaust and toxicity. The PLS analysis revealed the chemical constituents covarying most strongly with toxicity and produced models predicting the relative toxicity of the samples with good accuracy. The specific nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons important for mutagenicity were the same chemicals that have been implicated by decades of bioassay-directed fractionation. These chemicals were not related to lung toxicity, which was associated with organic carbon and select organic compounds that are present in lubricating oil. The results demonstrate the utility of the PCA/PLS approach for evaluating composition-response relationships in complex mixture exposures and also provide a starting point for confirming causality and determining the mechanisms of the lung effects.
authors.affiliation: Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA. jmcdonal@lrri.org
authors.forename: Jacob D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eide
authors.forename: Jeanclare
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seagrave
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zielinska
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: Douglas R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Joe L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Mauderly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012475:Salmonella / Q000235:genetics; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D005742:Gasoline; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D001335:Vehicle Emissions