Detection of noroviruses in raspberries associated with a gastroenteritis outbreak.
Following an acute foodborne gastroenteritis outbreak in southern Sweden, stool specimens from five of nine ill patients were found positive for norovirus using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Epidemiological data pointed to raspberry cakes as the source of the outbreak. Using a combination of generic and patient-specific primers and novel food analysis methodology (with extraction efficiency control and inhibitor removal), norovirus strains from two different genogroups were directly identified in the contaminated raspberries.
Le Guyader
Françoise S
FS
Laboratoire de Microbiologie, IFREMER, BP 21105, Nantes cedex 03 44311, France. sleyguyad@ifremer.fr
Mittelholzer
Christian
C
Haugarreau
Larissa
L
Hedlund
Kjell-Olof
KO
Alsterlund
Rolf
R
Pommepuy
Monique
M
Svensson
Lennart
L
D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005638:Fruit / Q000821:virology*; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology