title: Minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM6) in low-grade chondrosarcoma: distinction from enchondroma and identification of progressive tumors.
abstract: The distinction between chondrosarcoma and enchondroma is difficult, and no reliable immunohistochemical or molecular methods are available. Differentiation is important because the therapeutic consequences range from radiologic followup to radical operation. We studied 17 chondrosarcomas (12 grade 1) and compared them with 14 enchondromas immunohistochemically by using the monoclonal antibodies Ki-MCM6 (minichromosome maintenance protein 6), Ki-S5 (Ki-67), and Ki-S2 (repp86), in addition to the established clinical criteria. In comparison with the other markers, Ki-MCM6 proved more effective at identifying proliferative activity in grade 1 chondrosarcomas. The MCM6 labeling index correlated with tumor grade and was significantly increased in grade 1 chondrosarcomas compared with enchondromas. The 5 cases of progressive chondrosarcoma also had a significantly higher MCM6 labeling index than the nonprogressive cases. Furthermore, by means of the MCM6 labeling index, many cases of progressive disease were recognized among those of uncertain malignant potential, justifying their classification as low-grade chondrosarcomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helfenstein
authors.forename: Sven O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Frahm
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krams
authors.forename: Wolf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Drescher
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parwaresch
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hassenpflug
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002812:Chondroma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins