title: Cytologic factors associated with prognosis in patients with peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung measuring 3 cm or less in greatest dimension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, peripheral lung adenocarcinomas (PLA) measuring < or = 3 cm in greatest dimension often have been diagnosed using diagnostic radiology. The objective of the current study was to determine which cytologic factors are associated with a favorable outcome and an unfavorable outcome in patients with PLA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imprint smears from 134 patients with PLA were examined. Sixteen cytologic factors, including necrosis, cellular distribution, overlapping of cell clusters, cluster aggregation, cluster size, cluster thickness, nuclear irregularity, nuclear size, variation in nuclear size, multinucleated cells, intranuclear inclusions, type of intranuclear inclusions, appearance of nucleoli, eosinophilic nucleoli, multinucleoli, and mitosis, were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. A counting method was used to determine the prognosis for individual patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the univariate analysis, a cluster size that measured > or = 831 microm in short dimension (P = 0.0011), moderate or severe nuclear irregularity (P = 0.0030), > or = 5 multinucleated cells per 100 tumor cells (P = 0.0047), moderate or severe variation in nuclear size (P = 0.0061), medium or large nuclear size (P = 0.0169), and > or = 1 mitotic cell per 100 tumor cells (P = 0.0412) were associated significantly with a poor outcome. In the multivariate analysis, cluster size in short dimension (P = 0.0018), multinucleated cells (P = 0.0066), and nuclear irregularity (P = 0.0310) were found to be independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of cytologic features using intraoperative imprint smears, namely, cluster sizes < or = 830 microm in short dimension, < or = 4 multinucleated cells per 100 tumor cells, and mild nuclear irregularity, may provide favorable predictive information in patients with PLA.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokose
authors.forename: Kimihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Shinkichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onuma
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D013997:Time Factors