title: Long-term follow-up of ureteral stump tumors after nephrectomy for benign renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The occurrence of primary carcinoma of the ureteral stump after nephrectomy is rare. In this study, we evaluated the clinical characteristics of ureteral stump tumors after nephrectomy for benign renal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 16-year period, 318 consecutive patients underwent simple nephrectomy for benign renal disease (216 cases) or for donation (102 cases). Eight of these 318 patients diagnosed as having an ureteral stump tumor were treated by ipsilateral ureterectomy with cuff excision of the bladder. Pathologic findings, tumor stages, and clinical characteristics were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The eight ureteral stump tumors comprised; 6 transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) and 2 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). The mean interval between nephrectomy and ureteral stump tumor diagnosis was 76.5 months. Six of the 8 patients had pyonephrosis and two renal tuberculosis as original renal diseases. Four of the 6 TCCs were stage T1 and 2 stage T2. There was no concomitant bladder tumor at stump tumor diagnosis. Hematuria was the major presenting symptom in 3 of the 8 patients and 4 patients were diagnosed by follow-up imaging study. Two of the 6 ureteral stump TCC patients developed bladder TCC during follow-up. The 5-year survival rate of patients with ureteral stump tumor was 37.5%. T1G1 TCC was associated with a better survival than T2 or G2 TCC. No ureteral stump tumor occurred in cases of donor nephrectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrate, that long-term closed observation is needed to detect ureteral stump tumor, particularly in patients that have undergo nephrectomy for a long-standing inflammatory renal disease such as pyonephrosis or tuberculosis. Hematuria is a major presenting symptom of ureteral stump tumor. However, a follow-up imaging study is also important for ureteral stump tumor detection. The prognosis is poor in cases developing ureteral stump SCC, bladder tumor recurrence, or a high-grade ureteral tumor.
authors.affiliation: College of Medicine, Cheju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young-Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Jung-Sik
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Sung-Goo
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000209:etiology*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*