title: [Performance and costs of outpatient clinics of university hospitals for medical care, teaching, research activities].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Outpatient clinics of university hospitals (Hochschulambulanzen) play a significant role in the German health care system. Universities have in contrast to other hospitals the right to implement an outpatient clinic, but the health care services they can render are restricted to clinical research and teaching activities. The university outpatient clinic study evaluates the intensity of medical care, teaching, research activities, and the related costs. METHOD AND DATABASE: 6 university hospitals with 51 outpatient departments in Germany were included. The prospective documentation of consultations was restricted to 800 visits per department. A total of 26,312 consultations with approximately 40,000 diagnoses and 150,000 services were documented. Furthermore, data concerning costs, teaching activities and research facilities were documented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical treatment without any correlation to research or teaching activities amounted to about 81 % of the working time in the outpatient department (research 11 %; teaching 8 %). The primary task of the university outpatient clinics takes up less than 20 % of the working time. The physicians documented that the disease of every fourth visit was in accordance with their main field of research. 6.9 % of the visits were asked to take part in clinical trials, of these 1.25 % were included for the first time, 3.7 % were already included. 6.5 % of the visits were addressed to participate in specific teaching activities. The average total costs per case added up to 149 Euro. No outpatient clinic could cover the total per case costs with the lump sum payments. On the average 31 % of these costs were covered by lump sum payments (without cases concerning research and teaching).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment in outpatient departments of university clinics is far beyond research and teaching activities required by law. However, the ability of outpatient departments of universities to provide excellent outpatient services should have a more dominant role in the health care system. Therefore access to care should be deregulated for the patients and reimbursement schemes should be adjusted to adjust for the present losses.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Gesundheitsökonomie und Klinische Epidemiologie der Universität zu Köln. Luengen@igke.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lüngen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krauth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gerhardus
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Brandes
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Potthoff
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klostermann
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinbach
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lauterbach
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D003625:Data Collection; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics; D005858:Germany; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D008511:Medicine; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D013038:Specialization; D013663:Teaching