title: Randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor muscle exercises and manometric biofeedback for erectile dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pelvic floor muscles are active in normal erectile function. Therefore, it was hypothesised that weak pelvic floor muscles could be a cause of erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle exercises and manometric biofeedback with lifestyle changes for men with erectile dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Somerset Nuffield Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five men with erectile dysfunction (median age 59.2 years; range 22-78 years) were enrolled from a local urology clinic. Of these, 28 participants were randomised to an intervention group and engaged in pelvic floor exercises, as well as receiving biofeedback and suggestions for lifestyle changes. Twenty-seven controls were solely advised on lifestyle changes. Baseline, 3- and 6-month assessments were: erectile function domain of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Partner's International Index of Erectile Function (PIIEF), Erectile Dysfunction-Effect on Quality of Life (ED-EQoL), anal manometry, digital anal measurements, and clinical assessment by an assessor blind to treatment allocation. After 3 months, the control group were transferred to the active arm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 3 months, compared with controls, men in the intervention group showed significant mean increases in the erectile function domain of the IIEF (6.74 points, P = 0.004); anal pressure (44.16 cmH(2)O, P <0.001); and digital anal grades (1.5 grades, P <0.001). All showed further improvement in these outcomes at 6 months. Similar benefits were seen in men of the control arm after transfer to active treatment. A total of 22 (40.0%) participants attained normal function, 19 (34.5%) participants had improved erectile function, and 14 (25.5%) participants failed to improve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pelvic floor muscle exercises and biofeedback are an effective treatment for men with erectile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: The Somerset Nuffield Hospital, Taunton, UK. grace.dorey@virgin.net
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dorey
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Speakman
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feneley
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swinkels
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ewings
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000502:physiology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011687:Purines; D011788:Quality of Life; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate