title: Ultrasound diagnosis of intragastric balloon complications in obese patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our study describes ultrasonography (US) aspects of complications related to the use of the Bioenterics intragastric balloon (BIB) system for the treatment of moderate obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over the last three years 151 BIBs were endoscopically placed and inflated with 500-600 ml of saline plus 10 ml of methylene blue in 131 patients (mean age 38.4 years, range 18-72; 46 males, 85 females, mean body mass index 43.8 kg/m(2)). In all cases abdominal US was carried out before and 1-2 days after endoscopy and thereafter at scheduled follow-up visits and/or whenever the patient complained of heartburn, vomiting, a sensation of ''absence of the BIB'' with or without staining of urine and/or faeces.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BIB appeared as a round anechoic structure, with a thick hyperechoic wall and a hyperechoic band-like valve inside. In 8 cases staining of urine and/or faeces prompted immediate endoscopic removal. In 10 patients US findings of BIB-related complications were: 1) decreased volume with a visible valve (5 cases; in two of these staining of urine was reported); 2) multiple hyperechoic streaks regularly spaced due to a completely collapsed BIB, not modified by decubitus changes (3 cases; one patient reported staining of urine); 3) migration through the bowel (2 cases): in one patient the BIB was passed after 4 days, whereas in the other case bowel obstruction required laparoscopic surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, US provides a quick and accurate method for the assessment of BIB-related complications in obese patients.
authors.affiliation: Unità Operativa di Ecografia ed Ecointerventistica, Presidio Ospedaliero S. Maria della Pietà Camilliani, Casoria (Napoli), Italy. giampierofrancica@tin.it
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Francica
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Giardiello
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scarano
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cristiano
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iodice
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delle Cave
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015905:Gastric Balloon / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000628:therapy*; D014463:Ultrasonography