title: Otoscopic appearances and tympanometric changes in narghile smokers.
abstract: Narghile (water-pipe) smoking requires the generation of significant negative intrapharyngeal pressure, which may be transmitted to the middle ear through the Eustachian tube. A total of 80 ears from regular narghile smokers were examined otoscopically and by tympanometry. Seventy ears from heavy cigarette smokers were similarly examined and served as a control group. There was a highly significant increase in the prevalence of attic retractions (P < 0.01) in the narghile smokers. The tympanometric changes were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05).
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, El-Sahel Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. Kamaleffat@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Kamal G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Effat
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D004424:Ear Canal / Q000473:pathology; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D038781:Otoscopy / Q000379:methods; D010614:Pharynx / Q000502:physiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*