title: HMBA induces cell death and potentiates doxorubicin toxicity in malignant mesothelioma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Malignant pleural mesothelioma(MM), a rare tumor characterized by high local invasiveness and low metastatic efficiency, is poorly responsive to current therapeutic approaches. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic efficacy of the hybrid polar compound hexamethylene bisacetamide(HMBA), either as a single agent or in combination with the anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX), against MM cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MM cell lines MM-B1 and MM-El were treated with HMBA, DOX or with combinations of the two drugs. Cell survival and death were assessed by the MTS assay and trypan blue staining/TUNEL, respectively. The interactions between drugs were evaluated by the method of Kern et al. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When administered alone, HMBA dose-dependently decreased the number of viable cells and increased the death rate of MM-B1 and MM-E1 cultures. Combinations of HMBA and DOX achieved a synergistic inhibition of MM cell survival, and the simultaneous administration of HMBA counteracted the resistance induced by DOX in MM-El cells. HMBA,used at cytostatic concentrations, reduced the ratio be-tween antiapoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL) and proapoptotic(Bax) members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, thus lowering the threshold for MM cell death commitment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HMBA has therapeutic potential in MM both as a single agent and through potentiation of DOX toxicity. These results support future investigations on the feasibility of intrapleural chemotherapy with this hybrid polar compound.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy. camillapalumbo@mclink.it
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: Loredana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albonici
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bei
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bocci
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Scarpa
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Di Nardo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Modesti
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000633:toxicity*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000633:toxicity*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000473:pathology*; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017931:DNA Primers; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D004317:Doxorubicin; C014026:hexamethylene bisacetamide