title: 3-D physical models of amitosis (cytokinesis).
abstract: Based on Newton's laws, extended Coulomb's law and published biological data, we develop our 3-D physical models of natural and normal amitosis (cytokinesis), for prokaryotes (bacterial cells) in M phase. We propose following hypotheses: Chromosome rings exclusion: No normally and naturally replicated chromosome rings (RCR) can occupy the same prokaryote, a bacterial cell. The RCR produce spontaneous and strong electromagnetic fields (EMF), that can be alternated environmentally, in protoplasm and cortex. The EMF is approximately a repulsive quasi-static electric (slowly variant and mostly electric) field (EF). The EF forces between the RCR are strong enough, and orderly accumulate contractile proteins that divide the procaryotes in the cell cortex of division plane or directly split the cell compartment envelope longitudinally. The radial component of the EF forces could also make furrows or cleavages of procaryotes. The EF distribution controls the protoplasm partition and completes the amitosis (cytokinesis). After the cytokinesis, the spontaneous and strong EF disappear because the net charge accumulation becomes weak, in the protoplasm. The exclusion is because the two sets of informative objects (RCR) have identical DNA codes information and they are electro magnetically identical, therefore they repulse from each other. We also compare divisions among eukaryotes, prokaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts and propose our hypothesis: The principles of our models are applied to divisions of mitochondria and chloroplasts of eucaryotes too because these division mechanisms are closer than others in a view of physics. Though we develop our model using 1 division plane (i.e., 1 cell is divided into 2 cells) as an example, the principle of our model is applied to the cases with multiple division planes (i.e., 1 cell is divided into multiple cells) too.
authors.affiliation: 205 C Hana Road, Edison, NJ 08817, USA. kangcheng.1@netzero.net
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Changhua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zou
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000528:radiation effects*; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D008954:Models, Biological; D013314:Stress, Mechanical