Are eyes windows to a deceiver's soul? Children's use of another's eye gaze cues in a deceptive situation.
Three experiments examined 3- to 5-year-olds' use of eye gaze cues to infer truth in a deceptive situation. Children watched a video of an actor who hid a toy in 1 of 3 cups. In Experiments 1 and 2, the actor claimed ignorance about the toy's location but looked toward 1 of the cups, without (Experiment 1) and with (Experiment 2) head movement. In Experiment 3, the actor provided contradictory verbal and eye gaze clues about the location of the toy. Four- and 5-year-olds correctly used the actor's gaze cues to locate the toy, whereas 3-year-olds failed to do so. Results suggest that by 4 years of age, children begin to understand that eye gaze cues displayed by a deceiver can be informative about the true state of affairs.
Freire
Alejo
A
Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Eskritt
Michelle
M
Lee
Kang
K
D002675:Child, Preschool; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014741:Video Recording; D014796:Visual Perception