title: Activation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is involved in skeletal muscle wasting in a rat model with biliary cirrhosis: potential role of TNF-alpha.
abstract: Hepatic cirrhosis is associated with negative nitrogen balance and loss of lean body mass. This study aimed to identify the specific proteolytic pathways activated in skeletal muscles of cirrhotic rats. TNF-alpha can stimulate muscle proteolysis; therefore, a potential relationship between TNF-alpha and muscle wasting in liver cirrhosis was also evaluated. Cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in male adult Sprague-Dawley rats. mRNA and protein levels of various targets were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The proteolytic rate was measured ex vivo using isolated muscles. Compared with sham-operated controls, BDL rats had an increased degradation rate of muscle proteins and enhanced gene expression of ubiquitin, 14-kDa ubiquitin carrier protein E2, and the proteasome subunits C2 and C8 (P < 0.01). The muscle protein levels of free ubiquitin and conjugated ubiquitin levels were also elevated (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference between the two groups with regard to cathepsin and calpain mRNA levels. Cirrhotic muscle TNF-alpha levels were increased and correlated positively with free and conjugated ubiquitin (P < 0.01). We conclude that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in muscle wasting of rats with BDL-induced cirrhosis. TNF-alpha might play a role in mediating activation of this proteolytic pathway, probably through a local mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Yin
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Fa-Yauh
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ching-Jang
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wayne Huey-Herng
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Sheu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight; D002154:Calpain / Q000235:genetics; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000235:genetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008762:Methylhistidines / Q000378:metabolism; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009210:Myofibrils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008762:Methylhistidines; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D025801:Ubiquitin; D014443:Tyrosine; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D002403:Cathepsins; D002154:Calpain; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C028118:3-methylhistidine