title: Non-cytotoxic drugs as potential treatments for gliomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite advances in surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, malignant gliomas continue to be associated with a poor prognosis. Even the most intensive combinations of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are not curative. In recent years our understanding of how tumor cells overcome cell cycle control, evade programmed cell death, induce blood vessel formation, and escape immune regulation has increased substantially. Significant efforts are directed towards the development of novel experimental therapies to target these molecular and biological mechanisms that lead to the development and growth of brain tumors. This review summarizes the most recent developments in non-cytotoxic therapy for malignant gliomas, such as targeted molecular drugs, inhibitors of angiogenesis and intratumoral therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first generation of studies using these novel therapies is nearing completion. In general, most of these treatments are well tolerated, but single-agent activity is modest. There is significant interest in combining these therapies with each other and with conventional cytotoxic therapies such as radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These new therapeutic approaches for malignant gliomas are showing modest activity. As we learn to use these agents more effectively, and as an increasing number of new and potentially promising agents are developed, it is likely that therapies for malignant gliomas will improve over the next few years.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drappatz
authors.forename: Patrick Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins