title: Long-term collection and characterization of afferent lymph from the ovine small intestine.
abstract: Reliable methods for long-term collection of afferent lymph draining from the small intestine of sheep are described and validated. The procedure was used successfully in normal sheep, in animals infected experimentally with the parasitic intestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis and in animals infected naturally with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of Johne's disease. Our approach enabled afferent lymph draining from the small intestine to be collected continuously for up to 4 months, without any detrimental effects on the animals. Based on cytokine gene expression profiles of afferent intestinal lymph cells, the two infections induced contrasting regional immune responses, namely, Th2-type immunity in the case of T. colubriformis infection and Th1-type immunity in natural cases of Johne's disease. Some immune parameters differed markedly between the two disease models, highlighting the potential value of this approach to gain real-time insights into distinctive host-pathogen interactions as they occur in vivo within the regional immune system of the gastrointestinal tract.
authors.affiliation: AgResearch Limited, Wallaceville Animal Research Centre, P.O. Box 40063, Ward Street, Upper Hutt, New Zealand. wayne.hein@agresearch.co.nz
authors.forename: Wayne R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: Tressa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Sally-Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pernthaner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D008196:Lymph / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000601:surgery; D009162:Mycobacterium avium / Q000276:immunology; D012756:Sheep / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D014253:Trichostrongylosis / Q000276:immunology; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary