title: A novel dry powder influenza vaccine and intranasal delivery technology: induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses in rats.
abstract: Intranasal (i.n.) vaccination represents an attractive non-invasive alternative to needle-based injection and provides superior protection at mucosal surfaces. However, new formulations are needed to improve efficacy and reduce the refrigerated storage and distribution requirements associated with standard liquid vaccines. Here, we describe a powder formulation of whole inactivated influenza virus and a novel i.n. delivery platform. The powder-formulated vaccine elicited a significant serum antibody response in rats that was at least as strong as that provided by the liquid vaccine administered i.n. or via intramuscular (i.m.) injection. Significant nasal IgA responses were also observed solely after i.n. delivery. This study demonstrates for the first time the generation of potent nasal mucosal and systemic immune responses using an i.n. delivered influenza vaccine powder and suggests an alternative approach to vaccination against influenza and other infectious diseases.
authors.affiliation: BD Technologies, 21 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Garmise
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Crowder
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mar
authors.forename: C Robin
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mikszta
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Sullivan
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology; D011208:Powders / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D011208:Powders