title: Clinicopathological and biological characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Esophageal cancer has been reported to be frequently associated with cancer of the head and neck. The iodine dye method is reportedly useful to detect early esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify clinicopathological and biological characteristics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with head and neck cancer (HN group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients of the HN group who underwent esophagectomy were examined clinicopathologically compared to 42 patients with esophageal cancer alone (SE group). All resected specimens were histologically studied after iodine dye staining, and p53 and cyclin D1 (CD1) expression were immunohistochemically examined in esophageal cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HN group had more multiple iodine-unstained lesions and multiple primary cancers within the esophagus compared with the SE group (p = 0.0027, p = 0.067, respectively). There was no significant difference in smoking, drinking, family history and the other clinicopathological factors between the HN and SE groups. Coexpression of p53 and CD1 was found to be significant in the HN group (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The coexistence of multiple iodine-unstained lesions, multiple cancers in the esophagus and overexpression of p53 and CD1 is suggested as a risk factor for the HN group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and Digestive Surgery, Field of Oncology, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan. masa2@m2.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Sumiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takatori
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Sonshin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takao
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aikou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016629:Esophagectomy; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019938:Cyclin D1