title: Intracellular glutathione status regulates mouse bone marrow monocyte-derived macrophage differentiation and phagocytic activity.
abstract: Although a redox shift can regulate the development of cells, including proliferation, differentiation, and survival, the role of the glutathione (GSH) redox status in macrophage differentiation remains unclear. In order to elucidate the role of a redox shift, macrophage-like cells were differentiated from the bone marrow-derived monocytes that were treated with a macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF or CSF-1) for 3 days. The macrophagic cells were characterized by a time-dependent increase in three major symptoms: the number of phagocytic cells, the number of adherent cells, and the mRNA expression of c-fms, a M-CSF receptor that is one of the macrophage-specific markers and mediates development signals. Upon M-CSF-driven macrophage differentiation, the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly lower on day 1 than that observed on day 0 but was constant on days 1-3. To assess the effect of the GSH-depleted and -repleted status on the differentiation and phagocytosis of the macrophages, GSH depletion by BSO, a specific inhibitor of the de novo GSH synthesis, inhibited the formation of the adherent macrophagic cells by the down-regulation of c-fms, but did not affect the phagocytic activity of the macrophages. To the contrary, GSH repletion by the addition of NAC, which is a GSH precursor, or reduced GSH in media had no effect on macrophage differentiation, and led to a decrease in the phagocytic activity. Furthermore, we observed that there is checkpoint that is capable of releasing from the inhibition of the formation of the adherent macrophagic cells according to GSH depletion by BSO. Summarizing, these results indicate that the intracellular GSH status plays an important role in the differentiation and phagocytosis of macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Biochemistry and Craniomaxillofacial Reconstructive Sciences Major, Dental Research Institute, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jin-Man
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyunsoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon Bok
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Soo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sung-Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Dae-Won
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Byung-Moo
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C065566:buthionine sulfoximine ethyl ester; D008717:Methionine Sulfoximine; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine