title: Simultaneous exposure of excess fluoride and calcium deficiency alters VDR, CaR, and calbindin D 9 k mRNA levels in rat duodenal mucosa.
abstract: Fluoride ingestion reduces intestinal calcium absorption; its molecular basis has not been studied. We studied the mRNA expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaR), vitamin D receptor (VDR) and calbindin D 9 k (D 9 k) by northern blot analysis in the duodenal mucosa of rats. Weanling pups fed with chow diet containing adequate calcium (0.5% w/w) and drinking water (NaF < 1 ppm) served as controls (Group I) and were studied at 9 and 15 weeks. The pups, born to rats fed with a calcium-deficient diet (0.03%) and excess fluoride water (NaF 50 ppm), were continued on the same diet and water (Group II) until 9 weeks of age. Subsequently, Group II rats were divided into 4 subgroups; 3 subgroups with fluoride free water [II-A adequate calcium, II-B excess calcium (Ca 2%) and II-D calcium deficient], whereas II-C received fluorinated water and adequate calcium diet until 15 weeks. At 9 weeks, as compared to group-I, group-II had decreased VDR (P < 0.001) and D 9 k mRNA (P < 0.001), whereas CaR mRNA levels increased (P < 0.05). At 15 weeks, as compared to group-I, VDR mRNA further reduced in group II-D (P < 0.001) and II-C (P < 0.001), whereas it increased in group II-A. Removal of fluoride ingestion and calcium replenishment increased D 9 k mRNA expression, maximally in adequate calcium group (P < 0.001), while it was further reduced in group II-C (P < 0.001). CaR expression decreased significantly in all the groups. We conclude that excess fluoride reduces the mRNA levels of VDR and D 9 k in the duodenal mucosa of rats, thereby possibly reducing calcium absorption. Calcium supplementation with simultaneous fluoride removal improves their expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, 226014, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tiwari
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Godbole
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D064026:Calbindins; D002118:Calcium / Q000172:deficiency; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004386:Duodenum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006706:Homeostasis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020127:Recovery of Function; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D064026:Calbindins; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; D064030:S100 Calcium Binding Protein G; D005459:Fluorides; D002118:Calcium