title: Morphometric evaluation of subaxial cervical vertebrae for surgical application of transpedicular screw fixation.
abstract: METHODS
  A morphometric evaluation of pedicle projections in 29 cervical spinal columns (C3-C7) for three-dimensional surgical anatomy for safe surgery was proposed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In this study, pedicles and intimate structures of the subaxial vertebrae from C3 to C7 were evaluated to provide some morphometric data for cervical transpedicular screw fixation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Detailed knowledge of surgical anatomy and variation of the subaxial vertebrae is a must for safe and effective surgery of the region. Although there are several clinical studies of transpedicular fixation, few studies have been performed on cervical pedicle measurements and their projection.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 29 dried bone cervical spinal columns (C3-C7), pedicle dimensions (pedicle height, width, length), measurements of lateral mass and pedicle length distance and pedicle axis length, investigation of distances of superior facet-midpedicle axis and inferior facet-midpedicle axis, and transverse and sagittal angles of the pedicles were performed in linear and angular measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obtained data from the series revealed that the mean values were approximately ranging from 6.7 to 7.2 mm for pedicle height, 4.4 to 4.9 mm for pedicle width, 5.3 to 6.2 mm for pedicle length, 15.3 to 16.0 mm for lateral mass and pedicle length, 22.2 to 27.7 mm for pedicle axis length, 3.8 to 5.3 mm for superior facet-midpedicle axis distance, 9.9 to 12.0 mm for inferior facet-midpedicle axis distance, 42.3 degrees to 51.5 degrees for transverse angle, and 5.2 degrees to 14.1 degrees for sagittal angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linear measurements of pedicle dimensions and also axial angles from horizontal and vertical planes may provide some anatomic limitations for subaxial cervical transpedicular screw fixation, and also contribute to the safety of the surgical procedure. One should also rely on tomographic data and computer-assisted guidance systems.
authors.affiliation: Neurosurgical Clinic of Kartal Research and Teaching Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bozbuga
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Zafer
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ari
authors.forename: Kayihan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sahinoglu
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bayraktar
authors.forename: Aycicek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cecen
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D001863:Bone Screws; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D012016:Reference Values; D014421:Turkey