title: Endoscopic anatomy of the chordae willisii in the superior sagittal sinus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chordae willisii are structures located in the lumen of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). It is thought that they act as flow-improving structures within the sinuses. There are few anatomical descriptions of chordae willisii, and all previous observations were performed through standard anatomical dissections. The purpose of this study was to visualize and describe structural and topographical features of the chordae willisii with the aid of rigid endoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five SSSs obtained from fresh human cadavers during autopsies were the material for this study. Specimens were flushed with tap water to remove clots. Bridging veins emptying into the sinus were ligated, and continuous flow of a saline solution through the sinus in a physiological direction was achieved by connecting the sinus to an irrigating system. Rigid endoscopes of different diameters (2.7-4.5 mm) and optic (0 and 30 degrees) were inserted into the lumen of the sinus. The endoscope was connected to a digital camera and a video system to allow for recording of the observed structures. Finally, the sinuses were opened and the chordae willisii were dissected using standard anatomical methods. The chordae willisii were observed in all examined specimens. Three different types of the cords were found: lamellar, trabecular, and valvelike types. The most common type was the valvelike (mixed) one, which comprised 45.1% of all cords. The chordae willisii were most commonly observed in the parietooccipital region of the SSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Witout disturbing any structural relationships, the use of endoscopy allowed visualization and description of intraluminal structures as they behaved physiologically.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Center of Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland. mansoorir@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mansoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharifi
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kunicki
authors.forename: Pawel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krajewski
authors.forename: Bogdan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ciszek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004210:Dissection; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D044583:Neuroendoscopy