title: How to improve current therapeutic standards in upper respiratory infections: value of fusafungine.
abstract: Despite guidelines and educational programs, systemic antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are often inappropriately prescribed in upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), although they are most often of viral origin, generally benign, and self-limiting with spontaneous recovery in more than 80% of cases. Reduced use of systemic antibiotics is crucial in the current context of concern about emerging antibiotic resistance and reducing unnecessary costs associated both with drug over-consumption and with the management of the consequences of antibiotic resistance. Local bacterial or viral infection of the airways induces an early inflammatory reaction. Although this inflammatory reaction has a beneficial effect in the capture and destruction of the pathogens, it can be responsible for deleterious tissue damage and vascular alterations leading to a self-perpetuating cycle of events. A wide array of medicines is available for symptomatic relief of URTIs: many of them are partially effective in reducing symptoms, but none is curative. Local administration of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs allows drug delivery directly to the target site of infection and inflammation, i.e., the respiratory mucosa, thus enabling a higher concentration of the drug, which results in smaller doses to be given, decreased potential for systemic toxicity, fewer side effects, protection of other flora, and rapid relief. Fusafungine is a naturally occurring peptide antibiotic with anti-inflammatory properties, which selectively targets the tissue reaction and preserves the natural antibacterial and antiviral defences. It is indicated for topical use in nose and throat infections. A recent analysis of French general practitioners' (GPs) prescribing pattern in the field of URTIs has demonstrated that prescription of fusafungine has achieved what many educational programs have failed to do: a significant reduction in the 'real life' prescription of systemic antibiotics and antiinflammatory drugs, without the side effects of corticosteroids and vasoconstrictive agents, and without impact on microbial ecology.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Paris-XI, France. michele.german@cep.u-psud.fr
authors.forename: Michèle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: German-Fattal
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mösges
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047630:Depsipeptides; D005670:Fusarium; D006801:Humans; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D047630:Depsipeptides; C014001:fusafungin