title: Mobilization of CD34/CXCR4+, CD34/CD117+, c-met+ stem cells, and mononuclear cells expressing early cardiac, muscle, and endothelial markers into peripheral blood in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adult stem cells can contribute to myocardial regeneration after ischemic injury. Bone marrow and skeletal muscles contain a population of CXCR4+ cells expressing genes specific for muscle progenitor cells that can be mobilized into the peripheral blood. The aims of the study were (1) to confirm the presence of early tissue-committed cells expressing cardiac, muscle, and endothelial markers in populations of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood and (2) to assess the dynamics and magnitude of the mobilization of CD34+, CD117+, CXCR4+, c-met+, CD34/CD117+, and CD34/CXCR4+ stem cells into peripheral blood in relation to inflammatory and hematopoietic cytokines in patients with ST-segment-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-six patients with STEMI (<12 hours), 39 with stable angina, and 20 healthy control subjects were enrolled. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for detection of tissue-specific markers. The number of the cells was assessed by use of a flow cytometer on admission, after 24 hours, and after 7 days. RT-PCR revealed increased expression of mRNA (up to 3.5-fold increase) for specific cardiac (GATA4, MEF2C, Nkx2.5/Csx), muscle (Myf5, Myogenin, MyoD), and endothelial (VE-cadherin, von Willebrand factor) markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The number of CD34/CXCR4+ and CD34/CD117+ and c-met+ stem cells in peripheral blood was significantly higher in STEMI patients than in stable angina and healthy subjects, peaking on admission, without further significant increase after 24 hours and 7 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates in the setting of STEMI a marked mobilization of mononuclear cells expressing specific cardiac, muscle, and endothelial markers as well as CD34/CXCR4+ and CD34/CD117+ and c-met+ stem cells and shows that stromal cell-derived factor-1 is an important factor influencing the mobilization.
authors.affiliation: Third Division of Cardiology, Silesian School of Medicine, 45-47 Ziołowa St, 40-635 Katowice, Poland. wojwoj@mp.pl
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wojakowski
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tendera
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michałowska
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Majka
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kucia
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maślankiewicz
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wyderka
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochała
authors.forename: Mariusz Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Ratajczak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000032:analysis*; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D004727:Endothelium / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000032:analysis; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000032:analysis; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met