title: Evaluating the endophenotype model of ADHD neuropsychological deficit: results for parents and siblings of children with ADHD combined and inattentive subtypes.
abstract: Neurogenetic models predict neuropsychological weaknesses in the relatives of children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The authors examined executive and regulatory measures in 386 relatives (307 parents, 79 siblings) of children with ADHD combined type, ADHD inattentive type, and controls. Predicted deficits were seen on trailmaking (relatives of ADHD combined type only), stop-signal reaction times (relatives of girls only), and response variability (mothers only) but not on naming or output speed. Effects generally held, even with relatives' ADHD status controlled. A neuropsychologically impaired subgroup of children with ADHD had relatives with clear neuropsychological weaknesses. The authors conclude that a neurogenetic model of ADHD etiology is supportable only for a subset of executive functions and that neuropsychological heterogeneity warrants more examination in ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, 115-C Psychology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA. nigg@msu.edu
authors.forename: Joel T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Nigg
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Blaskey
authors.forename: Julie Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stawicki
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sachek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010290:Parents; D010641:Phenotype; D011930:Reaction Time; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D035781:Siblings