title: Photodynamic therapy using meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (Foscan) for the treatment of vulval intraepithelial neoplasia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has unique properties which make it suitable for the local treatment of superficial epithelial disorders; it has been suggested as a useful treatment for carcinoma in situ of the vulva.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of the systemic photosensitizing agent meta-tetrahydroxyphenylchlorin (mTHPC or temoporfin; Foscan, Biolitec, Edinburgh, U.K.) in vulval intraepithelial neoplasia type III (VIN III).
  
  
  METHODS
  PDT using mTHPC was performed in six patients with VIN III. A dose of 0.1 mg kg(-1) body weight mTHPC was injected intravenously and the area of VIN irradiated 96 h later with 652-nm light from a diode laser. Patients were reviewed 1 week, 6 months and 2 years following treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients experienced only minimal pain from the initial treatment but two patients subsequently developed severe pain at the treated site for up to 2 weeks following PDT. All patients developed oedema and slough formation at the treated site and one patient developed cellulitis. At 6 months two patients had developed small recurrences of VIN at the original site and one patient had an area of VIN at a new site. These were treated either with further PDT or with a small excision. At 2 years there was no recurrence of VIN at the original site in all patients reviewed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This small case series demonstrates that mTHPC-PDT is a useful initial treatment for VIN III. It is relatively selective, shows good cosmesis and conserves form and function. This is a major advantage over surgery. Repeat treatments are also possible, which is important in a condition such as VIN, which tends to be multifocal. Systemic mTHPC-PDT appears to have an advantage over topical 5-aminolaevulinic acid-PDT as the photosensitizer is distributed widely in areas of disease and consequently identifies foci which may not be apparent clinically but become evident when illuminated.
authors.affiliation: Cornwall Dermatology Research Project, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, UK. sandra.campbell@rcht.cornwall.nhs.uk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clifford
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curnow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008652:Mesoporphyrins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D008652:Mesoporphyrins; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C072269:temoporfin