title: Postoperative pancreatic fistula following distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic neoplasm; can pancreatic fistula be prevented?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic fistula is a potentially fatal complication in pancreatic surgery. The objective of this study was to analyze the incidence of pancreatic fistula in patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic neoplasm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for neoplasm of the pancreas at Kochi Medical School between October 1981 and December 2002 were studied. Comparative analysis was carried out to identify the correlations between the incidence of pancreatic fistula and parameters of preoperative evaluation, intraoperative procedure, and postoperative laboratory investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of pancreatic fistula in patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic neoplasm was 27.7%. Intraoperatively, the frequency of pancreatic fistula was significantly high in patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy without lymph node dissection and ligation of the splenic artery. No significant difference was recognized between the conventional surgical division and auto suture staple groups, however, in the ultrasonically activated scalpel (USAS) group, no pancreatic fistula was observed. A multivariate analysis revealed that independent high incidence of pancreatic fistula were 1) the situation of the tumor at pancreatic body, 2) the procedure of D2 lymph node dissection, and 3) the ligation of the root of splenic artery. In the group with the presence of pancreatic fistula, the serum amylase level on the first postoperative day was significantly higher than that in the group without fistula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings supported that pancreatic fistula may be preventable by use of the USAS and treatment of acute pancreatitis in the early postoperative stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku-City, Kochi, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okabayashi
authors.forename: Michiya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Takeki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Namikawa
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hokimoto
authors.forename: Keijiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D010185:Pancreatic Fistula / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome