title: South Asian patients' views and experiences of clinical trial participation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper explores South Asian patients' views and experiences of clinical trial participation, as part of a larger study which sought to assess British South Asian under-representation in clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was based on semi-structured interviews with South Asian trial participants in primary care and specialist treatment centres in the north of England. Fifteen South Asian patients who had participated in one of six different clinical trials to test pharmaceutical products comprised the study cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  South Asian motivations to participate in clinical trials are similar to those of the majority 'White' population. Clear and concise trial information (provided by caring and understanding trial staff) was considered an important aspect of the respondents' experiences. Appealing to South Asian peoples' altruistic nature by making them aware of South Asian under-representation (especially in clinical trials that investigate illnesses prevalent in their community) was also identified as a strong motivational factor. Potential barriers to their participation included: trial burden (which bears heavily on the poor), language, and discriminatory practices in the NHS, which can lead to mistrust of health professionals. In addition, female modesty and preference for female trial staff was recognized as a 'cultural' barrier to participation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are more similarities than differences between the experiences of British South Asians and 'White' trial participants. Present findings suggest that ethnicity operates at different levels. In addition to South Asian trial participants' culture, social class and gender are also as likely to affect their participation in clinical trials. To improve South Asian accrual rates, strategies should be designed to take into consideration linguistic differences and improving overall trust in the clinical trial team.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Leeds, 17 Springfield Mount, Leeds LS2 9NG, UK. m.hussain-gambles@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: Mah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hussain-Gambles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000533:Altruism; D044466:Asian People / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000523:psychology*; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003657:Decision Making; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology; D009042:Motivation; D010358:Patient Participation / Q000523:psychology*; D018579:Patient Selection; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D035842:Research Subjects / Q000523:psychology*; D006113:United Kingdom