title: A comparison of serum interleukin-6 concentrations in patients treated by cholecystectomy via laparotomy or laparoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multifunctional cytokine, is expressed by various cells after many stimuli. This cytokine release is related, among other things, to the extent of the surgically-induced trauma. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is a so-called "mini-invasive" surgical procedure and, on the basis of this consideration, the aim of the present prospective non-randomized study, is to examine (a) whether the IL-6 is modified and how, in patients after LC compared to patients undergoing open cholecystectomy (OC), (b) whether these findings are indicative of an increased risk to develop infectious complications and whether they are therefore clinically significant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Circulating IL-6 level was measured using a random access chemiluminescense-immunoassay system in 71 patients before the operation (time 0) and 1, 2, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours after the beginning of the operation. Thirty-five patients underwent OC and 36 LC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase in the serum IL-6 during LC was found to be significantly smaller than that during OC and resulted in a smaller extent of postoperative elevations for C-reactive protein. We recorded three cases (8.5%) of postoperative infections in the "open" group and IL-6 concentration normalized only 6 days after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An increase in the serum IL-6 level during LC is lower in comparison to OC and results in lower postoperative elevation in C-reactive protein. Laparoscopic surgery, associated with a small skin incision and the avoidance of open laparotomy, can thus minimize surgical stress, and provide more favorable postoperative conditions for patients. Indeed excessive and prolonged post-injury elevations are associated with increased morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of L'Aquila, Coppito, Italy. schietroma2001@yahoo.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schietroma
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carlei
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mazzotta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sozio
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lygidakis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amicucci
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6