title: Clinical presentation of thyroid cancer patients in Pakistan--AKUH experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To asses the clinical presentation of patients with thyroid cancer, their preferred diagnostic work-up and preferred surgical procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of patients that underwent partial or total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer at AKUH between 1989 and 2002. SPSS was used to analyze data. Pearson's chi square and likelihood ratios used to calculate tests of significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 97 patients were included in this review. Solitary thyroid nodule was the initial presentation in three. Majority (58.7%) presented with "neck swelling" or enlarging goiter. One out of every 3 patients showed evidence of lymph node involvement and 20% had distant metastases. The aggressiveness of the disease did not correlate with age, sex or histological subtype. There was no correlation between the size of the tumor and presence of local or distant metastases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thyroid cancer is a more aggressive disease in Pakistan, with majority of patients presenting with multinodular goiters, and a significant number have lymph node metastases. A higher degree of vigilance and a lower threshold for fine needle aspiration (FNA) is needed while evaluating patients with thyroid goiter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Zuberi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yawar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Islam
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jabbar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000175:diagnosis; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014600:Utilization Review