title: Sub-optimal drug treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients in Turkey. A countrywide survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study is a snapshot of how diabetic patients are treated for diabetes and coexisting cardiovascular risk factors in Turkey. We also addressed the question of what percentage of these patients are treated appropriately according to the current guidelines. Next step will be to determine which pharmacological treatment strategies affect mortality and morbidity in these patients and whether there are regional differences in these outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  To get a representative picture, Turkey was splitted into four parts with different ethnic and socioeconomic features then centers were randomized within each of these parts. Number of the centers in a region were calculated according to the population of that region. 305 physicians in 11 cities participated in data collection during a period of 3 months. Consecutive 2226 diabetic patients patients who were above 55 years of age were included. Detailed information was obtained about the demographic features and the cardiovascular risk factor and diabetes status of the patients together with relevant drug treatment. Laboratory analyses were done locally and recorded if performed during the last 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients were treated with oral antidiabetic monotherapy regardless of diabetes duration, metabolic control and complication and cardiovascular risk factor status. There was a trend among physicians except for endocrinologists to underprescribe insulin. Monotherapy also was the main mode of treatment for hypertension. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were generally not used as first line treatment contrary to the recommendations and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are not prescribed for renoprotection in microalbuminuric patients. Statins, fibrates, metformin and aspirin were largely underused.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that diabetic patients are undertreated in Turkey. Therefore every effort should be spent to implement current guidelines in diabetic patients in order to prevent macro and microvascular complications of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Istanbul, Turkey. tdamci@superonline.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Damci
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kultursay
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pehlivanoglu
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tokgozoglu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D001241:Aspirin