title: Gastrointestinal bleeding during liver transplantation--report of two cases.
abstract: A few authors have reported, especially as intraoperative complications, gastrointestinal hemorrhage related to liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to show two cases of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, which occurred during surgery. The first patient was male, 46 years old, with viral hepatic cirrhosis. He had previously presented two episodes of digestive bleeding. Upper digestive endoscopy showed esophageal gastric varices. During the hepatectomy there was bleeding inside the nasogastric tube associated with severe hemodynamics instability without other sources of bleeding. Intraoperative endoscopy evidenced bleeding gastric varices. Gastrectomy was carried out and the varices were tied. The piggyback technique was used in the liver transplantation. The surgery was concluded without problems and in the following four and a half years his condition has evolved well. In the second case, the patient was aged 17, female, with autoimmune hepatic cirrhosis. She had previously presented one episode of digestive bleeding. Intraoperative endoscopy showed median esophageal varices. During the anesthetic induction she presented an episode of hematemesis. A Sengstaken-Blakemore balloon was introduced. The transplant was performed without further problems. Her case has been followed for 14 months in the outpatients' clinic with a good postoperative course. To sum up, gastrointestinal hemorrhage can be due to portal hypertension during the liver transplantation and must be treated quickly. In these cases the surgery must be ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Liver Transplantation, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas (SP) Brazil.
authors.forename: I F S F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Boin
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Leonardi
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: A C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Luzo
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Caruy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome