title: Hyperinsulinaemia is associated with increased long-term mortality following acute myocardial infarction in non-diabetic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the impact of disturbances in glucose metabolism on total mortality in non-diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred and ninety four patients with a verified myocardial infarction and no history of diabetes were studied. The study population comprised a subgroup of patients screened for participation in the Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) study. At baseline, fasting insulin, fasting glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and urinary albumin excretion were measured. Survival status was determined after 6-8 years. Patients with hyperinsulinaemia were more obese and more frequently suffered from hypertension, previous myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure. In a univariate regression analysis, values in the upper quartile of insulin, glucose, HbA1c, and urinary albumin were associated with an excess mortality risk (RR=1.8 (1.2-2.7), p=0.002; RR=1.6 (1.2-2.1), p=0.001; RR= 1.9 (1.3-2.9), p=0.001; RR=1.6 (1.2-2.1), p=0.02 respectively). However, only a high insulin level remained significant in a multivariable analysis (RR=1.54 (1.03-2.31), p=0.04) including baseline variables, left ventricular systolic function and in-hospital complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High fasting plasma insulin is an independent risk factor of all-cause mortality in non-diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. This justifies future intervention studies aiming at reducing insulin resistance and using fasting insulin as the target variable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Nordre Fasanvej 57-59, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark. kragelund@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kragelund
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Snorgaard
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Køber
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ottesen
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Højberg
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Olesen
authors.forename: Jens-Jørgen
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kjaergaard
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torp-Petersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000401:mortality; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000401:mortality*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000401:mortality*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin