title: [Menstrual disorders. Is this a problem to be handled by occupational medicine physician?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to define the frequency of menstrual disorders and identify risk factors, especially those associated with the work environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group was composed of 142 women, aged 22-45 years. Some of them were employed in a cosmetics manufacture plant and a bank, others were hospital and ambulatory nurses and auxiliary personnel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study revealed irregular cycles in one third and prolonged bleeding in one fourth of the women. Long cycles were observed in one fifth of the women and short cycles were noted in every tenth women. It was found that occasional or frequent contact with ethylene oxide increased the risk of irregular cycles and oligomenorrhea, whereas work around X-ray apparatus was responsible for the risk of long cycles and heavy bleeding. Long rest pauses during work (in this study correlated with work load) were regarded as a factor inducing the risk of oligomenorrhea and prolonged bleeding. A randomly sampled group of 33 women measured morning temperature during two consecutive cycles. Of this number, 15 women (45.5%) showed ovulation in both cycles, 11 (33.3%) in one cycle only, and 7 both anovulatory cycles. The risk of ovulation disorders was enhanced by a two-shift work system (mostly night shift) and strong job stress. Energy expenditure for leisure time activity > 1000 kcal/week and smoking also contributed to an enhanced risk. In summing up, it should be stressed that because of varied frequency of irregular cycles determined by the intensity of environmental factors, occupational medicine physicians should gather data on the occurrence of such disorders and undertake relevant preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Zakładu Fizjologii Pracy i Ergonomii, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy im prof. I. Nofera w Lodzi. tmd@imp.lodz.pl
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makowiec-Dabrowska
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hanke
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sprusińska
authors.forename: Zyta
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Radwan-Włodarczyk
authors.forename: Wiesława
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koszada-Włodarczyk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016272:Occupational Health; D009786:Occupational Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D011044:Poland; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016387:Women's Health; D016526:Workload
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational