title: Effect of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol on gubernacular development in fetal male mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) and the role of actin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on testicular gubernaculum development in fetal male Kunming mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant mice were randomly assigned to 6 groups and injected with DES subcutaneously from gestational day 9 (E9) to day 17 (E17) at doses of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 microg.kg-1.d-1 in 0.2 mL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). On E17 they were sacrificed and fetuses quickly removed for fixation. Male fetuses were sliced on serial coronal plane. Histological changes were observed under the light microscope (LM) and ultrastructural changes with the scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM and TEM). The expression intensity of actin and PCNA in the gubernacula was quantitated by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mortality of the fetuses was higher in the DES-treated groups than that in the DMSO and saline controls (P<0.05). Under LM the gubernacula were seen to be poorly developed with smaller bulbs. On SEM the bulbs lose the clear demarcation between the mesenchymal inner core and the muscular outer layer and looked like a small cone instead of the normal cylindrical appearance. On TEM there were some smaller disordered myofibrils and sparse cytoplasmic organelles in the gubernacular muscular cells of the treated groups. The expression intensity of actin and PCNA in the gubernacula was significantly weaker in the treated groups than that in the DMSO and saline controls (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DES induces underdevelopment of the gubernacula in a dose-dependent manner in fetal male mice and down regulates the actin and PCNA expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College (SUMC), 515041, China.
authors.forename: Xue-Wu
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jian-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Tian-Hua
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wang-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000139:chemically induced; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011247:Pregnancy; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol