title: Long-term results of botulinum toxin for the treatment of chronic anal fissure: prospective clinical and manometric study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this prospective trial was to analyse the effectiveness and morbidity of chemical sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure after a 3-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred consecutive patients with chronic anal fissures were treated by chemical sphincterotomy with 25 U botulinum toxin injected into the internal sphincter. Clinical and manometric results were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No major complications were found; initial incontinence at the 2-month review (6%) spontaneously reversed at 6 months. There was a tendency of progressive recurrence over time, with an overall healing after 3 years of 47%. We found a group of patients with clinical (symptoms longer than 12 months and presence of a sentinel pile before treatment) and manometric factors (persistently elevated mean resting pressure, percentage of time with slow waves, and number of patients or percentage of time with ultra slow waves after treatment) associated with a higher recurrence of anal fissures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since it avoids the greater risk of incontinence associated with surgical sphincterotomy, we recommend the use of botulinum toxin as the first therapeutic approach for patients with chronic anal fissure and risk factors for incontinence; despite the higher rate of recurrence associated with this treatment. In patients with factors related to recurrence, re-injection with higher doses of botulinum toxin or complementary medical-surgical treatment should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Coloproctology Unit, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Elche, C/Huertos y Molinos s/n., 03203 Elche (Alicante), Spain. arroyocir@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Candela
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calpena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A