title: Rebleeding and survival after acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) have focused on evaluation and therapy. Measurement of long-term outcome has been rare. The purpose of this study was to document rebleeding and survival rates in patients with acute LGIB.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all patients undergoing technetium-labeled red blood cell scans for LGIB from January of 1997 to December of 2002 was performed. Rebleeding was defined as identification of enteric bleeding requiring a transfusion 2 or more weeks after the initial bleeding episode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 119 patients met inclusion criteria. Rebleeding was documented in 14 of 102 patients surviving for more than 2 weeks. The actuarial rebleeding rate was 15% at 2 years. No factors were identified that portended a higher likelihood of rebleeding. The 30-day mortality was 18% and the median survival was 60 months for the entire cohort. Of the 36 patients in whom cause of death was documented, 4 died of surgical complications and a single patient died as a direct result of hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rebleeding after an initial episode of LGIB occurs in a small percentage of individuals. Although survival is poor for patients with LGIB, few patients die as a direct consequence of hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and the VA North Texas Health Care System, 4500 South Lancaster Rd., Dallas, TX 75216, USA. Thomas.Anthony@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Penta
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Sarosi
authors.forename: Fiemu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nwariaku
authors.forename: Robert V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Rege
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001803:Blood Transfusion / Q000379:methods; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis