title: Cystectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder: the impact on female sexuality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  January 1986 and September 2003 cystectomy and formation of an ileal neobladder were performed in 86 female patients. In this retrospective study we focused on the impact of orthotopic reconstruction on female sexuality.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess female sexuality the standardized self-reporting instrument female sexual function index was mailed to 44 patients who were 70 years or younger at cystectomy with a recurrence-free followup of greater than 1 year, no pelvic irradiation and no concomitant diseases impairing sexual functions. The questionnaire analyzes 6 domains (desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain) with 19 items. It was returned by 29 patients (65.9%) with a median age of 65.0 years. The indication for cystectomy was benign disease in 8 cases and malignancy in 21.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factors influencing female sexuality were age younger than 60 years, benign disease, partnership at surgery and current partnership. Clean intermittent catheterization, urinary stress incontinence and hormonal therapy did not affect the results. The 11 of 17 patients who remained sexually active after cystectomy even had slight improvement in all female sexual function items. Six patients ceased to be sexually active postoperatively due to erectile dysfunction or partner death. One patient with interstitial cystitis became sexually active following cystectomy due to the loss of pelvic pain. Another 12 patients remained sexually inactive postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All aspects of female sexuality may remain unchanged following cystectomy and ileal neobladder formation as long as sexual activity is not ceased due to other reasons. Even fertility can be preserved when the internal genitalia do not have to be removed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. bjoern.volkmer@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Bjoern G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Volkmer
authors.forename: Jürgen E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gschwend
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Herkommer
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Küfer
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hautmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003075:Coitus; D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000009:adverse effects