Tissue Doppler assessment of diastolic and systolic alterations of radial and longitudinal left ventricular motions in Golden Retrievers during the preclinical phase of cardiomyopathy associated with muscular dystrophy.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify radial and longitudinal left ventricular free wall (LVFW) velocities in dogs during the preclinical phase of Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD)-associated cardiomyopathy by use of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).


METHODS
9 dogs with GRMD and 6 healthy control dogs.


METHODS
All dogs (< 3 years old) were examined via conventional echocardiography and 2-dimensional color TDI. Myocardial velocities in the LVFW were recorded from right parasternal ventricular short-axis (radial motion) and left apical 4-chamber (longitudinal motion) views. Cardiac assessments via TDI included maximal systolic and early and late diastolic LVFW velocities in the endocardial and epicardial layers (for radial motion) and in the basal and apical segments (for longitudinal motion) (for longitudinal motion),


RESULTS
-No notable ventricular dilatation or alteration of inotropism was detected in dogs with GRMD via conventional echocardiography. Compared with healthy dogs, endocardial velocities were significantly decreased in dogs with GRMD, resulting in marked decreases in radial myocardial velocity gradients during systole and early and late diastole. Similarly, basal and apical velocities were significantly decreased in systole and the former also in early diastole, resulting in significant decreases in the 2 corresponding longitudinal myocardial velocity gradients. The radial epicardial and longitudinal late diastolic velocities were comparable in the 2 groups.


CONCLUSIONS
Results indicated that GRMD-associated cardiomyopathy in dogs is associated with early marked dysfunction of both radial and longitudinal LVFW motions. These combined regional myocardial abnormalities might be useful criteria for detection of dilated cardiomyopathy at the preclinical stage of the disease in dogs.
Chetboul
Valérie
V
Unité de Cardiologie d'Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Avenue du Géneral de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Carlos
Carolina
C
Blot
Stephane
S
Thibaud
Jean Laurent
JL
Escriou
Catherine
C
Tissier
Renaud
R
Retortillo
Jose Luis
JL
Pouchelon
Jean-Louis
JL
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000662:veterinary; D009137:Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / Q000150:complications*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*