title: Experience of long-term synbiotic therapy in seven short bowel patients with refractory enterocolitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Probiotic and prebiotic therapies are potent new strategies to treat various intestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and viral and bacterial infections. Synbiotics is defined as the combined use of probiotics and prebiotics and is expected to have a stronger effect on intestinal diseases than probiotics or prebiotics alone, but there has been no report of its clinical application. The authors designed a protocol for synbiotic therapy composed of Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus casei, and galactooligosaccharides and preliminarily ascertained its clinical effects in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  This protocol of synbiotic therapy was applied for more than 1 year to 7 malnourished patients with short bowels who suffered from refractory enterocolitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The therapeutic protocol improved the intestinal bacterial flora (inducing the domination by anaerobic bacteria and suppressing the residence of pathogenic bacteria) and increased short chain fatty acids in the feces (from 27.8 to 65.09 micromol/g wet feces). All patients but 1 accelerated their body weight gain, and 5 patients showed increased serum rapid turnover proteins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This protocol for synbiotic therapy might be a potent modulator of intestinal flora and a promising strategy to treat short bowel patients with refractory enterocolitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: Norikatsu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yuki
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morotomi
authors.forename: Ryuichiro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004760:Enterocolitis / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D007780:Lacticaseibacillus casei; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors