title: Migratory birds use head scans to detect the direction of the earth's magnetic field.
abstract: Night-migratory songbirds are known to use a magnetic compass , but how do they detect the reference direction provided by the geomagnetic field, and where is the sensory organ located? The most prominent characteristic of geomagnetic sensory input, whether based on visual patterns or magnetite-mediated forces , is the predicted symmetry around the north-south or east-west magnetic axis. Here, we show that caged migratory garden warblers perform head-scanning behavior well suited to detect this magnetic symmetry plane. In the natural geomagnetic field, birds move toward their migratory direction after head scanning. In a zero-magnetic field , where no symmetry plane exists, the birds almost triple their head-scanning frequency, and the movement direction after a head scan becomes random. Thus, the magnetic sensory organ is located in the bird's head, and head scans are used to locate the reference direction provided by the geomagnetic field.
authors.affiliation: Volkswagen Nachwuchsgruppe Animal Navigation, Institute of Biology, University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. henrik.mouritsen@uni-oldenburg.de
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mouritsen
authors.forename: Gesa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feenders
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liedvogel
authors.forename: Wiebke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kropp
mesh_terms: D025041:Animal Migration / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005426:Flight, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D005843:Geography; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D008280:Magnetics; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D020308:Songbirds / Q000502:physiology*