title: Effect of sodium hypochlorite treatment on the molecular composition and morphology of human coronal dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the deproteination potential of 5% aqueous NaOCl solution applied by rubbing action on the molecular composition and morphology of smear-layer covered and acid-etched human coronal dentin surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paired specimens (n = 4 x 2 per group) of acid-etched (Group A) and smear-layer covered (Group B) human coronal dentin surfaces were sequentially treated with the NaOCl solution for time intervals ranging from 5 s to 120 s and analyzed by reflectance FTIR microspectroscopy and tapping mode atomic force microscopy. The changes in the mineral (v4 P-O stretching vibrations) to matrix (C = O stretching vibrations of amide I) peak area ratios and in the Ra roughness parameter were used to quantify the effect of treatment. Two-way ANOVA and Dunn's tests were used to assess the differences within each group and between groups (a = 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both groups, NaOCl treatment reduced organic matrix (amide I, II, III peaks), but did not affect carbonates and phosphates. In group A, the rate of deproteination was slow, and reached a peak value after 120 s. Tubule orifices became visible after 40 s of treatment; after 120 s, excessive porosity was detected, with Ra values presenting no statistically significant difference from group B. In group B after 10 s, the extent of deproteination was enhanced, reaching a plateau between 30 s and 60 s, and attaining a maximum after 120 s. Tubule diameter, intertubular porosity, and Ra were increased; intertubular dentin area was reduced. For both groups after 40 s of treatment, the mineral to matrix ratio recorded was similar to smear-layer-free sectioned dentin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study imply that deproteination of mineralized or acid-etched dentin surfaces within a clinically relevant time frame may provide methods for bonding to dentin alternative to conventional technique-sensitive dentin hybridization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Athens, School of Dentistry, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mountouris
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silikas
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eliades
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D003806:Dentin Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017276:Friction; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011506:Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D016369:Smear Layer; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties / Q000187:drug effects; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D011506:Proteins; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite