title: Climate: large-scale warming is not urban.
abstract: Controversy has persisted over the influence of urban warming on reported large-scale surface-air temperature trends. Urban heat islands occur mainly at night and are reduced in windy conditions. Here we show that, globally, temperatures over land have risen as much on windy nights as on calm nights, indicating that the observed overall warming is not a consequence of urban development.
authors.affiliation: Hadley Centre, Meteorological Office, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK. david.parker@metoffice.com
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Parker