Quantum-enhanced measurements: beating the standard quantum limit.
Quantum mechanics, through the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, imposes limits on the precision of measurement. Conventional measurement techniques typically fail to reach these limits. Conventional bounds to the precision of measurements such as the shot noise limit or the standard quantum limit are not as fundamental as the Heisenberg limits and can be beaten using quantum strategies that employ "quantum tricks" such as squeezing and entanglement.
Giovannetti
Vittorio
V
National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology-Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126, Pisa, Italy.
Lloyd
Seth
S
Maccone
Lorenzo
L