title: Part I: Vaccines for solid tumours.
abstract: Active specific immunotherapy holds great potential in the search for new therapeutic approaches for patients with cancer. Much preclinical and clinical evidence has shown that the immune system can be polarised against malignant cells by several vaccination strategies. Although no anticancer vaccine can be recommended outside clinical trials at present, tumour response and immunological findings in animals and humans should prompt researchers to investigate further the potential of this biotherapy. We summarise strategies for cancer vaccines so far implemented in the clinical setting, report the results of more than 200 clinical trials published over the past two decades, and discuss insights into preclinical tumour immunology that might aid the design of the next generation of cancer vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncological and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy. mocellins@hotmail.com <mocellins@hotmail.com>
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mocellin
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandruzzato
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bronte
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lise
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nitti
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active / Q000639:trends*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines