Differential regulation of gene expression by RNA polymerase II in response to DNA damage.
Cells change their gene expression profile dynamically in various conditions. By taking the advantage of ChIP, we examined the transcription profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes in response to DNA damaging agents such as MMS or 4NQO. Gene expression profiles of different groups of genes roughly correlated with that revealed by Northern blot assay or microarray method. Damage-inducible genes showed increased cross-linking signals of RNA polymerase II, TFIIH, and TFIIF, meanwhile damage repressible genes decreased them, which means that gene expression is mainly regulated at the level of transcription. Interestingly, the characteristic occupancy pattern of TFIIH and polymerase with phosphorylated carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) in promoter or in coding regions was not changed by the presence of DNA damaging agents in both non-inducible and inducible genes. ChIP data showed that the extent of phosphorylation of CTD per elongating polymerase complex was still maintained. These findings suggest that overall increase in CTD phosphorylation in response to DNA damage is attributed to the global shift of gene expression profile rather than modification of specific polymerase function.
Heo
Jeong-Hwa
JH
College of Pharmacy Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyonggi-do 440-746, Republic of Korea.
Jeong
Su-Jin
SJ
Seol
Ja-Whan
JW
Kim
Hye-Jin
HJ
Han
Jeong-Whan
JW
Lee
Hyang-Woo
HW
Cho
Eun-Jung
EJ
D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
D009153:Mutagens; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; D004247:DNA; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate; D012319:RNA Polymerase II