title: In vivo imaging of adenosine A2A receptors in rat and primate brain using [11C]SCH442416.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of [11C]SCH442416 for the in vivo imaging of adenosine A2A receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In rats and Macaca nemestrina, we evaluated the time course of the cerebral distribution of [11C]SCH442416. Furthermore, in rats we investigated the rate of metabolic degradation, the inhibitory effects of different drugs acting on adenosine or dopamine receptors and the modification induced by the intrastriatal administration of quinolinic acid (QA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of metabolic degradation of [11C]SCH442416 in rats was slow; 60 min after tracer injection, more than 40% of total plasma activity was due to unmetabolised [11C]SCH442416. At the time of maximum uptake, radioactive metabolites represented only 6% of total extractable activity in the cerebellum and less than 1% in the striatum. In the striatum, the region with the highest expression of A2A receptors, the in vivo uptake of [11C]SCH442416 was significantly reduced only by drugs acting on A2A receptors or by QA, a neurotoxin that selectively reduces the number of intrastriatal GABAergic neurons. Position emission tomography (PET) studies in monkeys indicated that the tracer rapidly accumulates in brain, reaching maximum uptake between 5 and 10 min. Twenty minutes after the injection, radioactivity concentration in the striatum was two times that in the cerebellum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The specificity of binding, the rank order of regional distribution in the brain of rats and M. nemestrina, the good signal to noise ratios and the low amount of radioactive metabolites in brain and periphery indicate that [11C]SCH442416 is a promising tracer for the in vivo imaging of A2A adenosine receptors using PET.
authors.affiliation: IBFM-CNR, University of Milan-Bicocca, Scientific Institute H San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. moresco.rosamaria@hsr.it
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Moresco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Todde
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belloli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simonelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panzacchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rigamonti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galli-Kienle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017378:Quinolinic Acid; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D017378:Quinolinic Acid; C416650:SCH 442416