title: Synergistic effects of Cox-1 and -2 inhibition on bladder and prostate cancer in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that combined treatment with cyclooxygenase (Cox)-1 (catechin) and Cox-2 (NS398)-specific inhibitors would reduce cellular proliferation synergistically in genitourinary cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bladder (T24 and TCCSUP) and prostate (DU145, LnCaP, and PC3) cancer cell lines were treated with catechin and NS398 at a dose of 100 mumol/L as single and combined treatments. Viability was measured by MTT assay at 24 and 72 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant synergism of Cox-1 and Cox-2 inhibitors was observed in both bladder cancer lines at both 24 and 72 hours. Synergism of Cox-1 and -2 inhibitors also was noted in the DU145 cells at 72 hours, LnCap cells at 24 hours, and PC3 at both 24 and 72 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant synergistic effects exhibited by the combination of Cox-1 and Cox-2 inhibitors suggest that these could become a highly effective treatment modality for carcinoma of both the bladder and prostate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Robert C. Byrd Health Science Center, West Virginia University, PO Box 9238, Morgantown, WV 26506-9238, USA.
authors.forename: Hesam
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farivar-Mohseni
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kandzari
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaslau
authors.forename: Dale R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: McFadden
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011336:Probability; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000187:drug effects*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases