title: Assessment and validation of a simple automated method for the detection of gait events and intervals.
abstract: A simple and rapid automatic method for detection of gait events at the foot could speed up and possibly increase the repeatability of gait analysis and evaluations of treatments for pathological gaits. The aim of this study was to compare and validate a kinematic-based algorithm used in the detection of four gait events, heel contact, heel rise, toe contact and toe off. Force platform data is often used to obtain start and end of contact phases, but not usually heel rise and toe contact events. For this purpose synchronised kinematic, kinetic and video data were captured from 12 healthy adult subjects walking both barefoot and shod at slow and normal self-selected speeds. The data were used to determine the gait events using three methods: force, visual inspection and algorithm methods. Ninety percent of all timings given by the algorithm were within one frame (16.7 ms) when compared to visual inspection. There were no statistically significant differences between the visual and algorithm timings. For both heel and toe contact the differences between the three methods were within 1.5 frames, whereas for heel rise and toe off the differences between the force on one side and the visual and algorithm on the other were higher and more varied (up to 175 ms). In addition, the algorithm method provided the duration of three intervals, heel contact to toe contact, toe contact to heel rise and heel rise to toe off, which are not readily available from force platform data. The ability to automatically and reliably detect the timings of these four gait events and three intervals using kinematic data alone is an asset to clinical gait analysis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Duke of Kent Building (L3), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7TE, UK. s.ghoussayni@surrey.ac.uk
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghoussayni
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ewins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006365:Heel / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology