title: Image-guided HIFU neurolysis of peripheral nerves to treat spasticity and pain.
abstract: Spasticity, a major complication of central nervous system disorders, signified by uncontrollable muscle contractions, is very difficult to treat effectively. We report on the use of ultrasound (US) image-guided high-intensity focused US (HIFU) to target and suppress the function of the sciatic nerve complex of rabbits in vivo, as a possible treatment of spasticity. The image-guided HIFU device included a 3.2-MHz spherically curved transducer and an intraoperative imaging probe. A focal acoustic intensity of 1480 to 1850 W/cm(2), applied using a scanning method, was effective in achieving complete conduction block in 100% of 22 nerve complexes with HIFU treatment times of 36 +/- 14 s (mean +/- SD). Gross examination showed blanching of the nerve at the HIFU treatment site and lesion volumes of 2.8 +/- 1.4 cm(3) encompassing the nerve complex. Histologic examination indicated axonal demyelination and necrosis of Schwann cells as probable mechanisms of nerve block. With accurate localization and targeting of peripheral nerves using US imaging, HIFU could become a promising tool for the suppression of spasticity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. jlf2@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Frank L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Starr
authors.forename: Carie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Frantz
authors.forename: Shahram
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaezy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006614:Hindlimb; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods; D010146:Pain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D059408:Pain Management; D010543:Peroneal Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D011817:Rabbits; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D013979:Tibial Nerve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014159:Transducers; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014463:Ultrasonography