title: Mechanisms of cuticular uptake of xenobiotics into living plants: 1. Influence of xenobiotic dose on the uptake of three model compounds applied in the absence and presence of surfactants into Chenopodium album, Hedera helix and Stephanotis floribunda leaves.
abstract: This study determined the uptake of three model compounds, applied in the presence and absence of surfactants, into the leaves of three plant species (Chenopodium album L, Hedera helix L and Stephanotis floribunda Brongn). The results with 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and epoxiconazole in the presence ofsurfactants (the polyethylene glycol monododecyl ethers C12EO3, C12EO6, C12EO10 and a trisiloxane ethoxylate with mean EO of 7.5, all used at one equimolar concentration and therefore different percentage concentrations) illustrate that the initial dose (nmol mm(-2)) of xenobiotic applied to plant foliage is a strong positive determinant of uptake. This held true for all the xenobiotics studied over a wide concentration range in the presence of these surfactants. Uptake on a unit area basis (nmol mm(-2)) could be related to the initial dose of xenobiotic applied per unit area (ID) by an equation of the form: Uptake = a [ID]b at time t = 24h. ID is given by the mass of xenobiotic applied, M divided by the droplet spread area, A. Total mass uptake is then calculated from an equation of the form: Total Uptake = a [ID]b x A.
authors.affiliation: Plant Protection ChemistryNZ, Forest Research, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, New Zealand. alison.forster@forestresearch.co.nz
authors.forename: W Alison
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Jerzy A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zabkiewicz
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riederer
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000327:Adsorption; D029062:Apocynaceae / Q000378:metabolism*; D027463:Chenopodium album / Q000378:metabolism*; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D035981:Hedera / Q000378:metabolism*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000378:metabolism; D008433:Mathematics; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014230:Triazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D006540:Herbicides; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014230:Triazoles; D015262:Xenobiotics; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D003847:Deoxyglucose; C109476:epoxiconazole