title: Comparison of effect of vacuum-condensed and ultrafiltered milk on cheddar cheese.
abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the effects of vacuum-condensed (CM) and ultrafiltered (UF) milk on some compositional and functional properties of Cheddar cheese. Five treatments were designed to have 2 levels of concentration (4.5 and 6.0% protein) from vacuum-condensed milk (CM1 and CM2) and ultrafiltered milk (UF1 and UF2) along with a 3.2% protein control. The samples were analyzed for fat, protein, ash, calcium, and salt contents at 1 wk. Moisture content, soluble protein, meltability, sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, and counts of lactic acid bacteria and nonstarter lactic acid bacteria were performed on samples at 1, 18, and 30 wk. At 1 wk, the moisture content ranged from 39.2 (control) to 36.5% (UF2). Fat content ranged from 31.5 to 32.4% with no significant differences among treatments, and salt content ranged from 1.38 to 1.83% with significant differences. Calcium content was higher in UF cheeses than in CM cheeses followed by control, and it increased with protein content in cheese milk. Ultrafiltered milk produced cheese with higher protein content than CM milk. The soluble protein content of all cheeses increased during 30 wk of ripening. Condensed milk cheeses exhibited a higher level of proteolysis than UF cheeses. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE showed retarded proteolysis with increase in level of concentration. The breakdown of alphas1- casein and alphas1-I-casein fractions was highest in the control and decreased with increase in protein content of cheese milk, with UF2 being the lowest. There was no significant degradation of beta-casein. Overall increase in proteolytic products was the highest in control, and it decreased with increase in protein content of cheese milk. No significant differences in the counts of lactic starters or nonstarter lactic acid bacteria were observed. Extent as well as method of concentration influenced the melting characteristics of the cheeses. Melting was greatest in the control cheeses and least in cheese made from condensed milk and decreased with increasing level of milk protein concentration. Vacuum condensing and ultrafiltration resulted in Cheddar cheeses of distinctly different quality. Although both methods have their advantages and disadvantages, the selection of the right method would depend upon the objective of the manufacturer and intended use of the cheese.
authors.affiliation: MN-SD Dairy Foods Research Center, Dairy Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007, USA.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Mistry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000592:standards; D005285:Fermentation; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005524:Food Technology / Q000379:methods*; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012212:Rheology; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods*; D014618:Vacuum
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D008055:Lipids; D008894:Milk Proteins; D012965:Sodium Chloride