title: Prevalence of respiratory symptoms in children and air quality by village in rural Indonesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study compared prevalence of respiratory symptoms in three Indonesian villages and related this to air quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We interviewed caregivers of 382 children, using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, and monitored air quality during the survey period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Respiratory symptom prevalence was highest in Kerinci (40.5%), followed by SP7 (33.3%) and Pelalawan (19.8%). Compared with Pelalawan, adjusted odds ratios were 3.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.43-7.07) for Kerinci, and 2.03 (1.04-3.96) for SP7. Ambient air quality levels were highest in Kerinci for PM10 and hydrocarbon (means: 102.9 microg/m3, 10.5 microg/m3), followed by SP7 (73.7 microg/m3, 6.3 microg/m3) and Pelalawan (26.1 microg/m3, 4.7 microg/m3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in Kerinci and SP7 could be the result of higher PM10 and hydrocarbon levels in these locations.
authors.affiliation: Special Projects Department, Research & Information Management Division, Health Promotion Board, Singapore.
authors.forename: Ching-Ye
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Sin-Eng
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Widjaja
authors.forename: Seang-Mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Saw
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Canesio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Munoz
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koh
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012424:Rural Population; D012494:Sampling Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants