title: Hippocampal volume measurement in older adults with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Decreased hippocampal volumes have been noted in unipolar depressed subjects, especially in elderly patients and those with cognitive impairment. Initial studies of mixed-aged bipolar subjects and controls have had conflicting findings, with most noting no difference; however this region has not been examined in older bipolar subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors examined the hippocampal volumes of 36 older bipolar subjects (mean age: 58 years) and 29 older normal-comparison (NC) subjects (mean age: 61), using logistic-regression analyses to control for age and gender. Differences between late- and early-onset (before age 45) bipolar subjects were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The left hippocampus was noted to be enlarged in older bipolar subjects, compared with the older NC group (sex and age controlled). No differences were noted in hippocampal volumes by age at onset nor number of previous episodes. The increase in hippocampal volume may be associated with the use of lithium, but not valproic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Left-hippocampal volume is increased in older bipolar subjects compared with NC subjects. The differences were not explained by age at onset, current mood state, or cognitive status, but may be associated with exposure to lithium. This finding would support previous observations about the neural-plasticity effect of lithium.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. beyer001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Maragatha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuchibhatla
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moo-Young
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Macfall
authors.forename: K Ranga R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Krishnan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018692:Antimanic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D016014:Linear Models; D018021:Lithium Chloride / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018692:Antimanic Agents; D014635:Valproic Acid; D018021:Lithium Chloride