title: Television and adolescent use of over-the-counter analgesic agents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Portrayals of the use of over-the-counter (OTC) analgesics on television may stimulate their use.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between taking OTC analgesics and television viewing by adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A standardized self-administered questionnaire among first-year (mean age 13.16 y) and fourth-year (mean age 16.37 y) secondary students in Flanders, Belgium (n = 2546) was administered in a school setting. The independent variable was television viewing; control variables were school year, gender, drinking alcohol, days off sick, computer gaming, and Internet use. The main outcome variable was monthly use of OTC analgesics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, respondents watched 3 hours 18 minutes of television per day (boys more than girls, first-year students more than fourth-year students). Per additional hour of television per day, the odds that respondents were regular users of analgesics were 1.16 times higher (95% CI 1.08 to 1.24). For the 10% heaviest viewers, the odds were 2.30 times higher (95% CI 1.25 to 4.24) compared with the 10% lightest viewers. Odds of OTC analgesic use were higher for students reporting more sick days in the past year (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28 to 1.49), regular users of alcohol (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.50), and girls (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A relationship was found between watching television and the use of OTC analgesics, even after controlling for gender and lifestyle measures. More research is needed to establish whether this relationship is causal.
authors.affiliation: Audience Research Center, Department of Communication, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. jan.vandenbulck@soc.kuleuven.ac.be
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van den Bulck
authors.forename: Lies
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leemans
authors.forename: Gert M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Laekeman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D000700:Analgesics; D001530:Belgium; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013690:Television / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018910:Video Games / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004366:Nonprescription Drugs