title: Elevated responses to constant facial emotions in different faces in the human amygdala: an fMRI study of facial identity and expression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human faces provide important signals in social interactions by inferring two main types of information, individual identity and emotional expression. The ability to readily assess both, the variability and consistency among emotional expressions in different individuals, is central to one's own interpretation of the imminent environment. A factorial design was used to systematically test the interaction of either constant or variable emotional expressions with constant or variable facial identities in areas involved in face processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Previous studies suggest a predominant role of the amygdala in the assessment of emotional variability. Here we extend this view by showing that this structure activated to faces with changing identities that display constant emotional expressions. Within this condition, amygdala activation was dependent on the type and intensity of displayed emotion, with significant responses to fearful expressions and, to a lesser extent so to neutral and happy expressions. In contrast, the lateral fusiform gyrus showed a binary pattern of increased activation to changing stimulus features while it was also differentially responsive to the intensity of displayed emotion when processing different facial identities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the amygdala might serve to detect constant facial emotions in different individuals, complementing its established role for detecting emotional variability.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimage Nord, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. glaescher@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gläscher
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tüscher
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weiller
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büchel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions; D005149:Facial Expression; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male