Structure of the microfilarial reservoir of Loa loa in the human host and its implications for monitoring the progr,ammes of Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin carried out in Africa.
This paper describes the structure of the microfilarial reservoir of Loa loa in an endemic population of central Cameroon. The possible effects of age and sex on the prevalence and intensity of microfilaraemia have been explored. Logistic analysis showed that the prevalence of microfilaraemia increased significantly with age, reaching 60 % in the oldest males. This result suggests that the figure commonly reported, according to which only one third of the infected individuals were microfilaraemic, should be reconsidered; in addition, as part of surveys of loiasis, crude microfilaraemia prevalence values should be replaced by adjusted ones. The intensity of infection did not show any age-specific change. As a result, even if the oldest members of the male population are clearly the most at risk of developing post-ivermectin serious adverse reactions, especially Loa-encephalopathy, the other members of the population are not risk-free. Therefore, in those areas where the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control is undertaking regular mass distributions of ivermectin for onchocerciasis control, and where loiasis is co-endemic, no subpopulation should be excluded from surveillance and monitoring during community directed treatments with ivermectin.
Pion
D S S
DS
Laboratoire Mixte IRD-CPC (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement--Centre Pasteur du Cameroun) d'Epidimiologie et de Santé Publique, Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Yaoundé, Cameroun. s.pion@no-log.org
Gardon
J
J
Kamgno
J
J
Gardon-Wendel
N
N
Chippaux
J P
JP
Boussinesq
M
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002163:Cameroon / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008117:Loa / Q000187:drug effects; D016015:Logistic Models; D008118:Loiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D009855:Onchocerciasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution
D000871:Anthelmintics; D007559:Ivermectin