title: A comparison of a computer-based questionnaire and personal interviews in determining oral health-related behaviours.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A major challenge for survey-based research is to reduce bias. In an interview, subjects may claim more favourable behaviour to please the interviewer or comply with accepted norms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to: (i) determine if adolescents give different answers when using a self-completed computer-administered oral health questionnaire compared with a personal interview, (ii) ascertain if responses to a face-to-face interview are dependant on whether a dentist or nonclinical researcher administered the questionnaire and (iii) examine if responses were influenced by whether they undertook the computer questionnaire first or second.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized crossover design was used to investigate the responses to 15 closed questions on oral health-related practices. These were administered to 453, 12-year olds attending school dental inspections in South Wales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 449 valid pairings of computer/interview responses were available for analysis. Responses to the questionnaire variables demonstrated good to very good levels of agreement (kappa 0.68-0.90) when comparing the face-to-face and computer-administered questionnaire. With the exception of questions on dental attendance, responses were not influenced by whether the questions were posed by the research officer or the dentist. A minimal order effect could be detected when undertaking the computer-administered questionnaire first.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst a study such as this cannot determine the true validity of the responses achieved, it is concluded that a computer-administered questionnaire, comprising closed questions, can be utilized to determine oral health-related behaviours in oral health surveys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Health and Biological Sciences, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XY, Wales, UK. chestnuttig@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ivor G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Chestnutt
authors.forename: Maria Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Ceri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hoddell
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Playle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003201:Computers; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires