Vaccination with live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus for 21 days protects against superinfection.
The identification of mechanisms that prevent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) would facilitate the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. In time-course experiments, protection against detectable superinfection with homologous wild-type SIV was achieved within 21 days of inoculation with live attenuated SIV, prior to the development of detectable anti-SIV humoral immunity. Partial protection against superinfection was achieved within 10 days of inoculation with live attenuated SIV, prior to the development of detectable anti-SIV humoral and cellular immunity. Furthermore, co-inoculation of live attenuated SIV with wild-type SIV resulted in a significant reduction in peak virus loads compared to controls that received wild-type SIV alone. These findings imply that innate immunity or non-immune mechanisms are a significant component of early protection against superinfection conferred by inoculation with live attenuated SIV.
Stebbings
Richard
R
Division of Immunology, NIBSC, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, United Kingdom. rstebbings@nibsc.ac.uk
Berry
Neil
N
Stott
Jim
J
Hull
Robin
R
Walker
Barry
B
Lines
Jenny
J
Elsley
William
W
Brown
Stuart
S
Wade-Evans
Alison
A
Davis
Gail
G
Cowie
Jenny
J
Sethi
Meera
M
Almond
Neil
N
D000818:Animals; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology*; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014765:Viral Vaccines