title: Pelvic pain during pregnancy: a descriptive study of signs and symptoms of 870 patients in primary care.
abstract: METHODS
  The authors conducted a cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to describe the signs and symptoms of pregnant women with pain and dysfunction in the pelvic area.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pelvic pain during pregnancy is common with incidence rates of 48% to 56%. The exact cause of pelvic pain during pregnancy is still unclear. Also unclear is the association between physical examination and the occurrence of pelvic pain during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant women with pelvic pain were sent for treatment to 2 physical therapy practices between January 1997 and January 2002. A standardized clinical examination protocol and an extensive questionnaire were used to obtain relevant clinical and demographic characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, 870 women were included. The average score of the overall severity of the complaints was 7.8 (scale 0-15). Main complaints were located around the sacroiliac joints (76.6%) and the pubic symphysis (57.2%). The area of pain was not related to positive signs in passive hip movements and sacroiliac tests. The highest positive test results were found for Patrick sign (71.7%), active straight leg raise (ASLR) test (66.4%), resisted adduction (54.4%), and passive hip abduction (36.9%). Overall severity of complaints was related to age, number of weeks pregnant, passive hip flexion and internal rotation, and swimming. The total explained variance of these factors was 15.9%. No relationship was found between overall complaints and sacroiliac tests, pelvic pain during a previous pregnancy, extremely painful or type of previous deliveries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pregnant patients with pelvic pain show a considerable level of complaints. The overall severity of complaints is not related to previous peripartum pelvic pain or type of deliveries or to commonly used tests. Further study on the role of clinical examination, including passive flexion and internal rotation of the hip joints, is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Practice for Physiotherapy, Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Cecile C M
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Röst
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jacqueline
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Arianne P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: Bart W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Koes
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires