title: Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus induces apoptosis in cultured macrophages and in spinal cords of C58 mice coincident with onset of murine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
abstract: Age-dependent poliomyelitis (ADPM) or murine amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a murine paralytic disease triggered in immunosuppressed genetically-susceptible mice by infection with the arterivirus lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV). This disease provides an animal model for ALS, affecting anterior horn neurons and resulting in neuroparalysis 2-3 weeks after LDV infection. We have tested the hypothesis that spinal cord apoptosis is a feature of the LDV-induced murine ALS, since apoptosis is postulated to be a causal factor in human ALS. Gene microarray analyses of spinal cords from paralyzed animals revealed upregulation of several genes associated with apoptosis. Spinal cord apoptosis was investigated further by TUNEL and activated caspase-3 assays, and was observed to emerge concurrent with paralytic symptoms in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis was also triggered in cultured macrophages by neurovirulent LDV infection. Thus, virus-induced spinal cord apoptosis is a pre-mortem feature of ADPM, which affects both neuronal and support cells, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of this ALS-like disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Zitterkopf
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: McNeal
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Eyster
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Cafruny
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D018174:Arterivirus Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007772:Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000821:virology*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology