title: Symmetrical fetal growth retardation after gestational cocaine exposure in the rat.
abstract: Cocaine use during pregnancy results in an increase in different maternal and perinatal complications. The fetal effects of cocaine could be mainly related to the disturbances in the brain development, microcephaly being the most common brain abnormality. The aim of this study was to analyze maternal outcome and fetal somatic effects of cocaine and to evaluate the hypothesis that maternal cocaine exposure would specifically impair fetal global brain development. Fifty-four timed-pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were daily injected with 15 or 40 mg/kg per day from gestational day (GD) 1 or 8 and sacrificed at gestational day 20. By analyzing different maternal and fetal outcomes, it could be suggested that the cocaine exposure in pregnant rats decreased maternal weight gain without significant maternal mortality, did not affect the mean number of fetuses by litter, although notably increased stillbirths, reduced fetal birth weight, and reduced the fetal central nervous system weight. Present results are globally in agreement with the literature and underline a possible selective effect of cocaine on the fetal CNS resulting in symmetrical intrauterine fetal growth retardation in contrast to the asymmetrical retardation of undernutrition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Campillo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Remezal
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Vez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Navarro-Pando
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pérez-Flores
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Parrilla
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000196:embryology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005325:Fetal Organ Maturity / Q000187:drug effects; D023421:Models, Animal; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003042:Cocaine