title: Mice lacking dopamine D2 and D3 receptors exhibit differential activation of prefrontal cortical neurons during tasks requiring attention.
abstract: Mice lacking dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and wildtype littermates were tested in a two-choice perceptual discrimination test that is dependent upon optimal functioning of the prefrontal cortex. Both mutants showed no deficits in attending to the perceptual stimuli or in shifting attention between stimulus dimensions. However, the performance of both mutants differed from the wildtype in different test phases. D2 mutants exhibited significant impairment in the first compound discrimination, indicating deficits in the initial acquisition of the task-governing rules. In contrast, D3 mutants performed significantly better in a set-shifting phase that required reversal learning. The higher response accuracy of D3 mutants was also accompanied by significantly increased response latency. A stereological assessment of test-induced expression of the c-fos gene in neurons of the anterior cingulate and prelimbic/infralimbic cortices revealed highest activation in D3 mutants, intermediate activation in wildtype and lowest activation in D2 mutants, indicating that response accuracy in the cognitive test correlates with the magnitude of prefrontal cortical activation regardless of which test phases revealed different performances. The study illustrates that dopamine differentially modulates prefrontal cortical activity during tasks requiring attention depending upon the type of D2-like receptor that is activated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Sara B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Glickstein
authors.forename: Deirdre A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Desteno
authors.forename: Patrick R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hof
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmauss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008032:Limbic System / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics*; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3; D012193:Reversal Learning / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C493594:Drd3 protein, mouse; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D050637:Receptors, Dopamine D3