title: Multicomponent individualized smoking cessation intervention for patients with lung disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports a study examining the process and outcomes of a long-term, multicomponent smoking cessation intervention for patients with lung disease initiated while hospitalized and provided over 1-year postdischarge.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Successful smoking cessation interventions are of primary importance for people with lung disease. Initiation of such an intervention in hospital settings is particularly important as patients may be especially motivated to quit as a result of strong perceptions of vulnerability while hospitalized for a smoking-related disease. Tailoring the intervention to each person's needs is a promising approach to practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who smoked and were admitted to a pulmonary unit over 2 years were invited to participate in this quasi-experimental study (n = 85), and 69 continued beyond the first month. The intervention was shaped by the TransTheoretical Model and used nicotine replacement therapy, along with individual and group counselling and support grounded in the nurse-patient relationship. The intervention was provided during hospitalization and by telephone after discharge at 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12-months postdischarge, 39% of the patients reported continuous abstinence from smoking from the time they joined the programme and 52% were not smoking at that time. No relationship was found between abstinence and the number of quit attempts, readiness to quit, nicotine dependency and length of hospital stay. Readiness to quit had increased and nicotine dependency decreased significantly by the end of the programme. No gender differences were found for the main variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comprehensive, individualized smoking cessation interventions for hospitalized patients having lung disease, with a 1-year follow-up, was successful. Abstinence was high in comparison with other studies. This may in part be explained by significantly enhanced motivation to quit during the smoking cessation programme.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. helgaj@hi.is
authors.forename: Helga
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jonsdottir
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jonsdottir
authors.forename: Thora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geirsdottir
authors.forename: K Sigridur
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Sveinsdottir
authors.forename: Thorunn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sigurdardottir
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001249:Asthma / Q000517:prevention & control; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D018802:Patient-Centered Care; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000517:prevention & control; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000523:psychology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome