title: Cooperativity and high pressure: stabilization of the R conformation of the allosteric aspartate transcarbamylase under the influence of pressure.
abstract: The allosteric enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) from E. coli shows homotropic cooperative interactions between its six catalytic sites for the binding of the substrate aspartate. This cooperativity is explained by the transition of the enzyme from a conformation which has a low affinity for aspartate (T state) to a conformation with high affinity (R state). The crystallographic structures of these two conformations are known to a resolution of 2.5 A and 2.1 A, respectively, and they reveal an important difference in the quaternary structure of the protein. Enzyme kinetics under high pressure were used to study the transition between the two states. It appears that in the presence of a low concentration of aspartate, conditions under which the enzyme is essentially in the T state, pressure promotes the transition to the R state, the maximal effect being observed at 120 MPa. This transition is accompagnied by a significant deltaV. This observation is in accordance with the change in the protein surface exposed to the solvent, and with the increased number of water molecules bound to the protein. Since the partial specific volume of the enzyme does not change significantly during the T to R transition, the negative deltaV is only related to the change in hydration of the protein. This result emphasizes a significant role of the protein-solvent interactions in this important regulatory conformational change.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Biochimie des Signaux Régulateurs Cellulaires et Moléculaires, FRE CNRS 2621, CNRS et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 96 Boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris, France. gherve@ccr.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hervé
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Serre
mesh_terms: D000495:Allosteric Site; D001221:Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D044367:Phase Transition; D011312:Pressure; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D001221:Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase