title: Protease inhibitor treatments reveal specific involvement of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human adipocyte differentiation.
abstract: We previously showed that human and murine 3T3-F442A preadipocytes produced and released matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 and that a treatment by MMP inhibitors resulted in the blockade of murine fat cell adipose conversion. In parallel, investigators reported that other protease inhibitors, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (PIs) involved in lipodystrophy in humans, also reduced the adipocyte differentiation process of several murine cell lines. The present work was performed to define the effects of MMP inhibitors and HIV-PIs on the human adipocyte differentiation process, to clarify the involvement of MMPs in the control of human adipogenesis, and to determine whether HIV-PIs interact with MMPs in the control of this process. The effect of two MMP inhibitor and four HIV-PI treatments on the differentiation of primary culture human preadipocytes, as well as the putative relationships between HIV-PIs and MMP-2 and -9 expression, release, or activity were investigated. We showed that MMP inhibitors and HIV-PIs reduced the human adipocyte differentiation process as assessed by the decrease of cell protein and/or triglyceride contents and expression of fatty acid binding protein and hormone-sensitive lipase, two adipocyte markers. Unlike MMP inhibitors, HIV-PIs were devoid of any effect per se on recombinant MMP-2 and 9 activities but reduced the expression and release of MMP-9 by human preadipocytes. Thus, the present study indicates that the modulation of the extracellular matrix components through the production and/or activity of MMPs, and, more precisely, MMP-9 might be a key factor in the regulation of human adipose tissue development.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U586, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France. virginie.bourlier@cict.fr
authors.forename: Virginie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bourlier
authors.forename: Alexia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zakaroff-Girard
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Barros
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pizzacalla
authors.forename: Véronique Durand
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: de Saint Front
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lafontan
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bouloumié
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Galitzky
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D000328:Adult; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000502:physiology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000502:physiology*; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D013876:Thiophenes; D010649:Phenylalanine; C080985:batimastat; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9