title: B-cell translocation gene 2 (Btg2) regulates vertebral patterning by modulating bone morphogenetic protein/smad signaling.
abstract: Btg2 is a primary p53 transcriptional target gene which may function as a coactivator-corepressor and/or an adaptor molecule that modulates the activities of its interacting proteins. We have generated Btg2-null mice to elucidate the in vivo function of Btg2. Btg2-null mice are viable and fertile but exhibit posterior homeotic transformations of the axial vertebrae in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with its role in vertebral patterning, Btg2 is expressed in the presomitic mesoderm, tail bud, and somites during somitogenesis. We further provide biochemical evidence that Btg2 interacts with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-activated Smads and enhances the transcriptional activity of BMP signaling. In view of the genetic evidence that reduced BMP signaling causes posteriorization of the vertebral pattern, we propose that the observed vertebral phenotype in Btg2-null mice is due to attenuated BMP signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd., Room D533d, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Young Jae
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ho-Jae
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tsugio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Kwon-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Joonil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Beppu
authors.forename: In Kyung
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Ji-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: En
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Seong-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S Paul
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D019521:Body Patterning; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000502:physiology*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: C489435:Btg2 protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins