title: The monitoring of tap waters in Milano: planning, methods and results.
abstract: The radiometric monitoring of tap waters has been carried out, in Northern Italy, since late the 1980s as part of the activities headed by the National Surveillance Network on environmental radioactivity. Measurements were accomplished by gamma spectrometry over large samples of water that were drained in a single place and concentrated by ion exchange resin treatment. More recently a regular, periodical monitoring was started using liquid scintillation measurements. In this manner, gross alpha and beta activities, uranium, (226)Ra and (222)Rn concentrations are determined at present. Nevertheless, a single-point sampling may be not fully representative of the whole Milano aqueduct, significantly extended and fed by a number of wells. As a control, an extended monitoring of the aqueduct was planned and variations of water radioactivity in different Milano areas have been assessed.
authors.affiliation: ARPA Lombardia--Dipartimento Provinciale di Milano, via Juvara 22, 20129 Milano, Italy. r.rusconi@arpalombardia.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rusconi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forte
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Badalamenti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellinzona
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gallini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maltese
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romeo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sgorbati
mesh_terms: D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange / Q000379:methods*; D007558:Italy; D010934:Planning Techniques; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018401:Sample Size; D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014875:Water Pollutants, Radioactive