title: Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson's disease: a double blind clinical and pharmacological study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The seed powder of the leguminous plant, Mucuna pruriens has long been used in traditional Ayurvedic Indian medicine for diseases including parkinsonism. We have assessed the clinical effects and levodopa (L-dopa) pharmacokinetics following two different doses of mucuna preparation and compared them with standard L-dopa/carbidopa (LD/CD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight Parkinson's disease patients with a short duration L-dopa response and on period dyskinesias completed a randomised, controlled, double blind crossover trial. Patients were challenged with single doses of 200/50 mg LD/CD, and 15 and 30 g of mucuna preparation in randomised order at weekly intervals. L-dopa pharmacokinetics were determined, and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and tapping speed were obtained at baseline and repeatedly during the 4 h following drug ingestion. Dyskinesias were assessed using modified AIMS and Goetz scales.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with standard LD/CD, the 30 g mucuna preparation led to a considerably faster onset of effect (34.6 v 68.5 min; p = 0.021), reflected in shorter latencies to peak L-dopa plasma concentrations. Mean on time was 21.9% (37 min) longer with 30 g mucuna than with LD/CD (p = 0.021); peak L-dopa plasma concentrations were 110% higher and the area under the plasma concentration v time curve (area under curve) was 165.3% larger (p = 0.012). No significant differences in dyskinesias or tolerability occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rapid onset of action and longer on time without concomitant increase in dyskinesias on mucuna seed powder formulation suggest that this natural source of L-dopa might possess advantages over conventional L-dopa preparations in the long term management of PD. Assessment of long term efficacy and tolerability in a randomised, controlled study is warranted.
authors.affiliation: National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katzenschlager
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Patsalos
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ratnaraj
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Timmermann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van der Giessen
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lees
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D031299:Mucuna / Q000737:chemistry*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010919:Placebos; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D010919:Placebos; D028321:Plant Preparations; D007980:Levodopa