title: Normal values for photopic and mesopic letter contrast sensitivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The exponential increase of patients having refractive surgery has increased the number of patients with night vision disturbances, such as decreased contrast sensitivity. However, there are no standard contrast sensitivity scales in normal persons in the mesopic range. We describe Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity under photopic and mesopic luminance conditions in a large Spanish population over a wide range of age groups to provide normal values. A further aim was to evaluate the effect of photopic visual acuity on photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed on 292 participants stratified by age into six groups. Binocular contrast sensitivity was determined with best spectacle correction using the Pelli-Robson letter chart at 1 m under photopic (85 cd/m2) and mesopic (0.15 cd/m2) luminance conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phototopic letter contrast sensitivity began to decrease gradually from the 61 to 70-year-old age group onward, and for mesopic conditions, from the 51 to 60-year-old age group onward. The reduction in mean contrast sensitivity between the oldest and the youngest age groups was 0.20 log units (photopic) and 0.33 log units (mesopic). Loss in contrast sensitivity due to luminance (two successive triplets) increased slightly with age. Both photopic and mesopic letter contrast sensitivity significantly improved as photopic visual acuity increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under mesopic conditions, Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity began to decline 1 decade earlier than under photopic conditions and was affected by visual acuity. Normal values for mesopic contrast sensitivity could be of help in deciding whether mesopic function is normal or a decrease in contrast sensitivity is pathologic in nature.
authors.affiliation: School of Optometry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain. puellma@fis.ucm.es
authors.forename: María Cinta
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Puell
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Palomo
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Ramos
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Villena
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003624:Darkness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D014785:Vision, Ocular