title: CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus in a population-based study of whites and African-Americans in the southeastern United States.
abstract: Cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) plays an important role in regulating T cell activation, and may help to limit T cell response under conditions of inflammation. Genetic variability in CTLA-4 has been implicated in the development of several autoimmune diseases. Some studies have described associations between CTLA-4 polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but findings have been inconsistent. We examined polymorphisms in the CTLA-4 gene promoter region (-1722T/C, -1661 A/G, -318C/T) and exon I (+49G/A) with respect to SLE in a population-based case-control study in the southeastern US. Genotypes from 230 recently diagnosed cases and 276 controls were examined separately for African-Americans and whites. We observed no overall associations between SLE and the four CTLA-4 polymorphisms examined. Subgroup analyses revealed effect modification by age for the presence of the -1661G allele, yielding a significant positive association with SLE in younger (<35 years) African-Americans (OR = 3.3). CTLA-4 genotypes also interacted with HLA-DR2 and GM allotype to contribute to risk of SLE. These findings suggest allelic variation in this region of CTLA4 is not a major independent risk factor for SLE, but may contribute to risk of disease in younger African-Americans or in the presence of certain immunogenetic markers.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology Branch, A3-05, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, PO Box 12233, Durham, North Carolina 27709-12233, USA. parks@niehs.nih.gov
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Treadwell
authors.forename: E W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: St Clair
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Gilkeson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D015802:HLA-DR2 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007129:Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D015144:Southeastern United States; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; D015802:HLA-DR2 Antigen; D007129:Immunoglobulin Gm Allotypes