title: Molecular diversity of tannic acid degrading bacteria isolated from tannery soil.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to enrich and isolate bacteria from a tannery soil that were capable of utilizing tannic acid and gallic acid as sole source of carbon aerobically, and to characterize their diversity in order to identify efficient strains that can be used for tannin bioremediation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial strains were isolated after enrichment in minimal medium with tannic acid or gallic acid as sole carbon source. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restricted fragment length polymorphism of 16S rDNA [amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA)] and BOX-PCR was used to characterize their diversity. Two strains showing relatively high efficiency in degrading tannic acid and gallic acid were identified on the basis of carbon source utilization pattern (BIOLOG) and 16S rDNA sequence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial strains capable of degrading tannic acid and gallic acid could be grouped into six and seven clusters on the basis of ARDRA and BOX-PCR, respectively. On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence, the most efficient isolate degrading tannic acid belonged to Pseudomonas citronellolis, whereas the most efficient gallic acid degrader showed maximum phylogenetic relatedness to P. plecoglossicida.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aerobic tannic acid degraders such as the two strains isolated in this study can be used for tannin bioremediation, and in the study of genes involved in the production of tannase, an industrially important enzyme.
authors.affiliation: School of Biotechnology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tripathi
mesh_terms: D001565:Benzoates / Q000378:metabolism; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D013633:Tanning; D013634:Tannins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013634:Tannins; D005707:Gallic Acid; D002244:Carbon