title: Posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation of clock genes.
abstract: Circadian rhythms have been observed in diverse organisms, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. In such organisms, the circadian clock is primarily composed of a cell-autonomous transcriptional feedback loop. In addition to transcriptional regulation, the modification of core clock transcripts and proteins can dramatically affect the circadian clock. In this review, the authors discuss some of the posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications and their effects on the circadian clock. The combined outcome of these modifications is to adjust the timing of the clock to produce a circadian oscillator that takes approximately 24 h.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kivimäe
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Lino
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saez
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009991:Oscillometry; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D010770:Phosphotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015534:Trans-Activators; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; C538943:CLOCK protein, human; D010770:Phosphotransferases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases