title: Induction of micronucleated cells in the shed skin of salamanders (Ambystoma sp.) treated with colchicine or cyclophosphamide.
abstract: The micronucleus (MN) assay can be used to detect the genotoxic effects of chemical agents in virtually any cell that divides frequently. Salamanders (Ambystoma sp.) are amphibians that can be easily maintained and bred in the laboratory and spontaneously shed their skin every 2.5-4 days. In this present study, we have evaluated the usefulness of this shed skin for the MN assay. We exposed salamanders to different concentrations of both the aneugen colchicine (COL) and the clastogen cyclophosphamide (CP) and we determined the frequency of micronucleated cells (MNCs) in their sheds. Fragments of shed skin were placed on clean slides, fixed, stained, observed with a light microscope, and the number of MNCs was counted. The MNC frequency was increased significantly by all doses of COL and CP tested, administered either as single or repeated exposures. The presence of MNCs in the shed skin and the speed of sloughing lead us to propose that the sheds of Ambystoma sp., or other amphibians that slough their skin, are suitable alternative models for detecting genotoxic exposures relevant to aquatic environments.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. mutagenesis95@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zamora-Perez
authors.forename: Guillermo M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Zúñiga-González
authors.forename: Belinda C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Gómez-Meda
authors.forename: M Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ramos-Ibarra
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Batista-González
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Torres-Bugarín
mesh_terms: D000557:Ambystoma / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D003078:Colchicine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048629:Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D003078:Colchicine