title: Plasmodium falciparum-specific interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha expressing-T cells are associated with resistance to reinfection and severe malaria in healthy African children.
abstract: The frequency of P. falciparum-specific interleukin (IL)-2-, interferon (IFN)-gamma-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha- and IL-10-expressing CD3+ cells was studied in healthy Gabonese children segregated according to their clinical presentation at admission to a longitudinal study of severe and mild malaria. The percentage of IL-2- and TNF-alpha- expressing P. falciparum-specific CD3+ cells was significantly higher in the children with prior mild malaria and less frequent reinfections compared to the children with prior severe malaria and more frequent reinfections. No differences were shown for P. falciparum-specific IFN-gamma and IL-10 expression within CD3+ cells and parasite-non-specific expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma within the CD4+, CD8+, TCRgamma\delta+ CD3+ and CD94+ CD3- cell populations, indicating that immunological determinants regulating the susceptibility to malaria in age-matched children are parasite-specific. The ability of P. falciparum-specific T cells to mount a rapid IL-2 and TNF-alpha response might be of significance in preventing severe disease and reinfection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramharter
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kremsner
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willheim
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Winkler
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Graninger
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Winkler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000349:Africa; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007376:Interleukin-2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha