title: Expression of collagen and fiber-associated proteins in human septal cartilage during in vitro dedifferentiation.
abstract: Chondrocytes surrounded by extracellular matrix are responsible for the maintenance of the cartilage as a functional entity. It is well accepted that chondrocytes cultivated for tissue engineering dedifferentiate in cell culture. We characterized the expression of different collagens and collagen related proteins in differentiated (primary) and cultured nasal chondrocytes by using microarray gene expression analysis and immunohistochemical staining. The genes for collagen subunits 1alpha1 (Col1alpha1) and 1alpha2 (Col1alpha2) were activated during a cell culture period of 5 and 20 days whereas Col2alpha1 could be detected both in differentiated and dedifferentiated chondrocytes. The long-term cell culture revealed a late activation of the Col3alpha1, Col4alpha1 and Col11alpha1 genes as well as biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican. In addition, short- and long-term cell culture resulted in down-regulation of Col9alpha1, Col9alpha2, Col9alpha3, Col10alpha1, Col18alpha1, ColQ and chondroadherin. The decorin gene showed up-regulation in short-term cell culture, but down-regulation in long-term culture. Immunohistochemical staining of the different cell populations confirmed the mRNA data for collagen type 1, 2, 3, 4, 9alpha2, 9alpha3, 18 and decorin. Because of their up-regulation in cultured chrondrocytes the collagen types 1, 3, 4 and 11 as well as biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican may be markers for dedifferentiation. The collagen types 9, 18 and Q as well as decorin and chondro-adherin revealed down-regulation and, presumably, represent markers for the differentiation of chondrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-HNO-Klinik Mannheim, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany. ullrich.goessler@hno.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Ulrich Reinhart
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Goessler
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bugert
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bieback
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baisch
authors.forename: Haneen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadick
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Verse
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klüter
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hörmann
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riedel
mesh_terms: D058578:Biglycan; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000071235:Fibromodulin; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007632:Keratan Sulfate / Q000235:genetics; D000071234:Lumican; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C546884:BGN protein, human; D058578:Biglycan; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; C546878:DCN protein, human; D058575:Decorin; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C000604330:FMOD protein, human; C000604306:LUM protein, human; D000071234:Lumican; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000071235:Fibromodulin; D003094:Collagen; D007632:Keratan Sulfate