Cellular and physiological effects of probiotics and prebiotics.
We review the present knowledge on the biological mechanisms of action of probiotics and prebiotics. They include direct effects in the intestinal lumen or on intestinal or immune cells, and indirect mechanisms through modulation of the endogenous microflora (composition or functions such as butyrate production) or of the immune system.
Marteau
Philippe
P
Gastroenterology Department, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris & Paris V University, France. philippe.marteau@egp.ap-hop-paris.fr.
Seksik
Philippe
P
Lepage
Patricia
P
Doré
Joël
J
D000818:Animals; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019936:Probiotics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
D002087:Butyrates; D016207:Cytokines; D009844:Oligosaccharides