title: Multistage carcinogenesis and the fraction at risk.
abstract: Multistage carcinogenesis models describe the evolution of the cells in an individual's organ from a normal stage to a pre-neoplastic stage to a neoplastic stage. The triggers for the passage from one stage to the next one are presumed to be genetic alterations, which are not only governed by purely random events but also by individual environmental and genetic factors. We generalize existing models of carcinogenesis to populations composed of heterogeneous individuals, thus taking the environmental and genetic variability into account.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), SB/IMA, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. stephan.morgenthaler@epfl.ch
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgenthaler
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Thilly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D012306:Risk; D013269:Stochastic Processes