title: Argon laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity: long-term outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the visual, refractive, ocular structural, and neurodevelopmental outcome in a group of children who were screened, treated with laser photocoagulation for threshold retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and followed up at our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 21 survivors of a cohort of 23 children were recalled at the age of 5 years or more. They underwent a full ophthalmologic examination. A paediatric neurologist and/or developmental paediatrician performed a neurodevelopmental assessment and a neuropsychologist performed psychological testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 30 eyes (71.4%) had a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40 or better. In all, 26 (62%) eyes were myopic; the overall mean spherical equivalent was -4.95 D. No eye had Stage 4 findings and only one eye (2.4%) progressed to stage 5 despite photocoagulation. In total, 14 patients (66.6%) showed evidence of stereopsis. Strabismus was seen in six patients (28.5%) and nystagmus in three (14.3%). Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) was identified in five patients (23.8%), cerebral palsy (CP) in seven (33.3%), and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) in 13 (62%). Cerebral palsy and IVH associated strongly with visual acuity of less than 20/40 (P=0.009 and 0.047). There was also a strong association between visual acuity of 20/40 or above and a better cognitive outcome (P=0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinal scarring and detachment are relatively rare causes of visual morbidity 5 years or more after laser treatment for threshold ROP, but the neurological sequelae of extreme prematurity and amblyopia remain important causes of impaired visual function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ospina
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsuba
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: A Q
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: McCormick
mesh_terms: D000550:Amblyopia / Q000150:complications; D001724:Birth Weight; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000150:complications; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000209:etiology; D012178:Retinopathy of Prematurity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014794:Visual Fields