title: Interstitial cystitis, chronic nonbacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men: a common and frequently identical clinical entity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this ongoing review we characterize interstitial cystitis in men, identifying multiple clinical factors in the diagnosis and treatment of men with interstitial cystitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  An ongoing and retrospective chart review of 92 men with interstitial cystitis within our large single specialty practice was performed. Presenting complaints, duration of symptoms, epidemiology, and clinical and physical findings were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients met National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria for the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. Of the patients 83% were white and 17% were American Indians of Cherokee descent. Average patient age at diagnosis was 51 years and average duration of symptoms was 8.8 years. The most commonly reported initial complaints were mild suprapubic discomfort, which rapidly progressed in an average of 21/2 years to severe suprapubic discomfort, severe dysuria and severe urinary frequency. Sexual dysfunction occurred in 60% of patients with painful ejaculation. The most common physical findings were suprapubic tenderness to palpation and anterior rectal wall tenderness on digital rectal examination. Of the patients 40% had microscopic hematuria. All patients demonstrated severe glomerulations under anesthesia with cystoscopy and hydraulic distention of the bladder. Average bladder volume was 510 cc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interstitial cystitis in males appears to be more common than historically reported. Interstitial cystitis in males and patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome and chronic nonbacterial prostatitis share many clinical findings. A higher incidence of interstitial cystitis had been found in American Indian males of Cherokee descent and deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Urologic Specialists of Oklahoma, Inc., St. John Medical Center and The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center-Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Forrest
authors.forename: Sunshine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011472:Prostatitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013577:Syndrome