title: Does seasonality alter intrauterine insemination outcomes: a 5-year study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if seasonal changes alter pregnancy rate in intrauterine insemination (IUI) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-thousand and eighty semen analyses prepared for IUI were evaluated in this retrospective cohort study of 496 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Volume, pH, sperm concentration, and pregnancy rates were not altered by season. However, the percent motility, the total motile spermatozoa in the ejaculate, the straight-line velocity (VSL) of spermatozoa, as well as the morphology of sperm were altered by season. In a subset of these patients that were defined as normal, only the VSL and the morphology of the spermatozoa were altered by seasonal changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seasonality alters sperm motility parameters as well as morphology, but these changes are not significant enough to alter pregnancy rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Greenville Hospital System, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
authors.forename: J Glenn
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Proctor
authors.forename: Dawn W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Blackhurst
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Boone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000145:classification; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000145:classification; D007317:Insemination, Artificial, Homologous; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012621:Seasons; D013081:Sperm Motility