title: [Criteria for assessing severely hot environments: from the WBGT index to the PHS (predicted heat strain) model].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study deals with the main methods for assessment of hot environments: i.e., WBGT, SWreq and PHS. It is stressed how the WBGT index, which is strictly empirical, although a very practical tool for the assessment of the hot environments, can only be used for a rough evaluation of heat stress, and especially for a not very high metabolic rate (M<175 W/m2). On the contrary, the SWreq method, which is based on both subject-environment heat exchange and the effect of clothing, allows a better assessment of the work situation with a general reduction of the exposure limits with respect to WBGT, especially in non-uniform environments (ta not equal to tr). However, it should be noted that application of SWreq is required by the ISO standard 7243 when the WBGT limit values are exceeded.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study interest was extensively focused on the "Predicted Heat Strain" method, highlighting via a special software the differences in heat stress assessment related to this new approach, which will be adopted by the ISO in the next revision of standard 7933.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PHS method, unlike SWreq, allows the prediction of the time-response of the main physiological variables of interest (i.e., skin temperature, core temperature and sweat rate). Moreover thanks to better modelling of heat exchanges, the PHS method allows account to be taken of both movement and clothing effects, resulting in even more reduced exposure.
authors.affiliation: DIMEC--Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Università di Salerno. fdambrosio@unisa.it
authors.forename: Francesca Romana
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: d'Ambrosio
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Palella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riccio
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alfano
mesh_terms: D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D013546:Sweating