title: Diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice following trauma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Jaundice in trauma patients may reflect serious underlying pathology. The aim of this review was to determine the appropriate diagnostic approach to the patient with jaundice following trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search was performed to retrieve publications which outlined the causes of jaundice in trauma patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main causes of jaundice in trauma patients were found to be bilirubin overload caused by breakdown of transfused- and extravasated blood and hepatic dysfunction caused by sepsis, infections, initial shock and systemic hypotension. Bile duct injury or drug induced liver injury are rare. Liver function tests are often uninformative but commonly show a cholestatic pattern. Ultrasound, CT or ERCP are the diagnostic imaging methods most widely used. Abdominal ultrasound and CT may reveal specific organ injuries, bile duct dilatation, intraabdominal fluid collections, hematomas or acalculus cholecystitis. ERCP is often diagnostic and permits a therapeutic intervention when a bile duct injury is present.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary aim of the diagnostic approach should be to identify all cases of bile duct injury or obstruction. Sepsis and infections should be actively looked for. The number of blood transfusions must be calculated. Ultrasound, CT or ERCP are the diagnostic imaging methods most widely used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. k.j.labori@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Labori
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Raeder
mesh_terms: D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000293:injuries*; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D007565:Jaundice / Q000209:etiology*; D022125:Lacerations; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D010808:Physical Examination; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis