title: Improving visual function diagnostic metrics with the use of higher-order aberration information from the eye.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reviews the currently used visual function diagnostic metrics, acuity, refractive error, and contrast sensitivity, and suggests ways to create new metrics using the information that has recently become available due to advances in measuring the higher-order aberrations of the eye. Particularly, emphasis is placed on finding metrics that address certain aspects of vision rather than on general metrics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two metrics based on the modulation transfer function are introduced, the Visual Quality Factor (VQF), which is a value based on the modulation transfer function between the spatial frequencies of 3 and 12 cycles per degree (c/deg) giving a measure of the overall degradation of visual quality due to aberrations, and the Subjective Sharpness Factor (SSF), which is a value based on the modulation transfer function between the spatial frequencies of 15 and 40 c/deg, giving a measure of the decrease in perceived image "sharpness" due to aberrations. Two metrics based on the point spread function are suggested, Point Spread Quality (PSQ), which is a measure of the "compactness" of the point spread, and Multiplicity Factor, which is a measure of the multiplicity of perceived images by measuring the number of discrete peaks in the point spread function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VQF and SSF values for both monochromatic and polychromatic cases are analyzed with regard to the number of acuity letters lost using data from a published study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SSF is found to be the best overall correlate with acuity performance if the degradation of the letter stimuli is not excessive.
authors.affiliation: ceccec@pacbell.net
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D014792:Visual Acuity