title: Reversed operation of glutamate transporter GLT-1 is crucial to the development of preconditioning-induced ischemic tolerance of neurons in neuron/astrocyte co-cultures.
abstract: Sublethal ischemia leads to increased tolerance against subsequent prolonged cerebral ischemia in vivo. In the present study, we investigated the roles of the astrocytic glutamate (Glu) transporter GLT-1 in preconditioning (PC)-induced neuronal ischemic tolerance in cortical neuron/astrocyte co-cultures. Ischemia in vitro was simulated by subjecting cultures to both oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). A sublethal OGD (PC) increased the survival rate of neurons significantly when cultures were exposed to a lethal OGD 24 h later. The extracellular concentration of Glu increased significantly during PC, and treatment with an inhibitor of N-methyl-D-actetate (NMDA) receptors significantly reversed the PC-induced ischemic tolerance of neurons, suggesting that the increase in extracellular concentration of Glu during PC was critical to the development of PC-induced neuronal ischemic tolerance via the activation of NMDA receptors. Treatment with a GLT-1 blocker during PC suppressed this increase in Glu significantly, and antagonized the PC-induced neuronal ischemic tolerance. This study suggested that the reversed operation of GLT-1 was crucial to the development of neuronal ischemic tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Cybernetics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan. kawahara@cellc.ist.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kosugi
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D027342:Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D005947:Glucose