title: Personality and symptom change in treatment-refractory inpatients: evaluation of the phase model of change using Rorschach,TAT, and DSM-IV Axis V.
abstract: In this study, we examined global treatment outcomes during 16 months of intensive, psychodynamic treatment for 77 inpatients suffering from treatment-refractory disorders. Hypotheses based on the phase model of treatment change (Howard, Lueger, Maling, & Martinovich, 1993; Howard, Moras, Brill, Martinovich, & Lutz, 1996) were supported in the study results. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) Axis V scales assessing behavioral functioning demonstrated large and medium effect size change, whereas stable, enduring personality functioning assessed by psychoanalytic Rorschach scales and the Social Cognition and Object Relations Scale (Westen, 1995) for the Thematic Apperception Test (Murray, 1943) demonstrated small and medium effect size change. We also report assessment of reliable change index and clinical significance. The ecological validity of Rorschach measures is supported by significant validity coefficients (in the hypothesized directions) between implicit measures of personality functioning and behavioral ratings.
authors.affiliation: The Erik H. Erikson Institute for Education and Research, The Austen Riggs Center. christopher.fowler@austen.riggs.net
authors.forename: J Christopher
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Ackerman
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Speanburg
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blagys
authors.forename: Adam C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Conklin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012392:Rorschach Test; D017211:Treatment Failure