title: Wall shear-rate estimation within the 50cc Penn State artificial heart using particle image velocimetry.
abstract: Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has been gaining acceptance as a routine tool to evaluate the flow fields associated with fluid mechanical devices. We have developed algorithms to investigate the wall shear-rates within the 50cc Penn State artificial heart using low magnification, conventional particle image velocimetry (PIV). Wall shear has been implicated in clot formation, a major post-implant problem with artificial hearts. To address the issues of wall scattering and incomplete measurement volumes, associated with near wall measurements, we have introduced a zero masking and a fluid centroid shifting technique. Simulations using different velocity fields were conducted with the techniques to assess their viability. Subsequently, the techniques were applied to the experimental data collected. The results indicate that the size of the interrogation region should be chosen to be as small as possible to maximize resolution while large enough to ensure an adequate number of particles per region. In the current study, a 16 x 16 interrogation window performed well with good spatial resolution and particle density for the estimation of wall shear rate. The techniques developed with PIV allow wall shear-rate estimates to be obtained from a large number of sites at one time. Because a planar image of a flow field can be determined relatively rapidly, PIV may prove useful in any preliminary design procedure.
authors.affiliation: The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Bioengineering, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
authors.forename: Pramote
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hochareon
authors.forename: Keefe B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Arnold A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tarbell
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deutsch
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006354:Heart, Artificial; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D010316:Particle Size; D033081:Shear Strength