title: Randomized comparison between fluconazole and itraconazole for the treatment of candidemia in a pediatric intensive care unit: a preliminary study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Candida bloodstream infections have shown an increase in hospitalized patients, especially those receiving intensive care. The effectiveness of various azoles, especially itraconazole, in treatment of candidemia has not been fully evaluated. Our objective was to compare the efficacy and safety of enterally administered itraconazole vs. fluconazole in treatment of candidemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pediatric intensive care unit of a referral and teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three pediatric patients with candidemia,
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received either fluconazole (n = 22) or itraconazole (n = 21), about 10 mg/kg orally or through a gastric tube, and were monitored for clinical and mycological cure (sterile fungal blood culture), blood counts, and liver and renal functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clinical characteristics of two groups were comparable. The cure rate was similar in both the groups: itraconazole 17 of 21 (81%) and fluconazole 18 of 22 (82%). Crude mortality rate (itraconazole 9.5% and fluconazole 13.6%) was also comparable in two groups of patients. The frequency of electrolyte disturbance was very low and similar in both the groups. Blood urea, creatinine, liver enzymes, and serum bilirubin were not adversely affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Itraconazole was as effective as fluconazole in nosocomial candidiasis in children receiving intensive care and was devoid of serious side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Mondal
authors.forename: Sunit C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Singhi
authors.forename: Arunaloke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: Jayashree
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: M
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016469:Fungemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D015725:Fluconazole