title: Enhancement of sensitivity and resolution of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric records for serum peptides using time-series analysis techniques.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measurement of peptide/protein concentrations in biological samples for biomarker discovery commonly uses high-sensitivity mass spectrometers with a surface-processing procedure to concentrate the important peptides. These time-of-flight (TOF) instruments typically have low mass resolution and considerable electronic noise associated with their detectors. The net result is unnecessary overlapping of peaks, apparent mass jitter, and difficulty in distinguishing mass peaks from background noise. Many of these effects can be reduced by processing the signal using standard time-series background subtraction, calibration, and filtering techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) spectra were acquired on a PBS II instrument from blank, hydrophobic, and IMAC-Cu ProteinChip arrays (Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc.) incubated with calibration peptide mixtures or pooled serum. TOF data were recorded after single and multiple laser shots at different positions. Correlative analysis was used for time-series calibration. Target filters were used to suppress noise and enhance resolution after baseline removal and noise rescaling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The developed algorithms compensated for the electronic noise attributable to detector overload, removed the baseline caused by charge accumulation, detected and corrected mass peak jitter, enhanced signal amplitude at higher masses, and improved the resolution by using a deconvolution filter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These time-series techniques, when applied to SELDI-TOF data before any peak identification procedure, can improve the data to make the peak identification process simpler and more robust. These improvements may be applicable to most TOF instrumentation that uses analog (rather than counting) detectors.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Applied Science, the College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA. dasha@compsci.wm.edu
authors.forename: Dariya I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Malyarenko
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Cooke
authors.forename: Bao-Ling
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Gunjan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malik
authors.forename: Haijian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Eugene R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Trosset
authors.forename: Maciek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasinowski
authors.forename: O John
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Semmes
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Manos
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D002138:Calibration; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D044967:Serum; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides