title: Therapy of paretic arm in hemiplegic subjects augmented with a neural prosthesis: a cross-over study.
abstract: There are indications that both intensive exercise and electrical stimulation have a beneficial effect on arm function in post-stroke hemiplegic patients. We recommend the use of Functional Electrical Therapy (FET), which combines electrical stimulation of the paretic arm and intensive voluntary movement of the arm to exercise daily functions. FET was applied 30 min daily for 3 weeks. Forty-one acute hemiplegics volunteered in the 18-months single blinded cross-over study (CoS). Nineteen patients (Group A) participated in FET during their acute hemiplegia, and 22 patients (Group B) participated in FET during their chronic phase of hemiplegia. Group B patients were controls during FET in acute hemiplegia, and Group A patients were controls during the FET in chronic hemiplegia. Thirty-two patients completed the study. The outcomes of the Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT) were used to assess the ability of patients to functionally use objects, as were the Drawing Test (DT) (used to assess the coordination of the arm), the Modified Ashworth Scale, the range of movement, and the questionnaire estimating the patients' satisfaction with the usage of the paretic arm. Patients who participated in the FET during the acute phase of hemiplegia (Group A) reached functionality of the paretic arm, on average, in less than 6 weeks, and maintained this near-normal use of the arm and hand throughout the follow-up. The gains in all outcome scores were significantly larger in Group A after FET and at all follow-ups compared with the scores before the treatment. The gains in patients who participated in the FET in the chronic phase of hemiplegia (Group B) were measurable, yet not significant. The speed of recovery was larger during the period of the FET compared with the follow-up period. The gains in Group A were significantly larger compared with the gains in Group B. The FET greatly promotes the recovery of the paretic arm if applied during the acute phase of post-stroke hemiplegia.
authors.affiliation: Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajersvej 7-D3, DK-9220 Aalborg Øst, Denmark. dbp@smi.auc.dk
authors.forename: Dejan B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: Mirjana B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Popovic
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sinkjaer
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefanovic
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schwirtlich
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010291:Paresis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016037:Single-Blind Method