title: Sequential expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 during DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although it is known that iNOS and COX-2 are abundantly expressed in oral premalignant and malignant lesions, respectively, the interaction between iNOS and COX-2 has not been extensively studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the alteration of the iNOS and COX-2 expression level during hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of both iNOS and COX-2 on normal, dysplastic mucosa and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) from different differentiation stages in 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced HBP carcinogenesis was examined using immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values of both iNOS and COX-2 expression increased gradually from control to dysplastic lesions and more to invasive SCC. The highest mean expression was SCC. The differences between both iNOS and COX-2 expression in the normal and that in the dysplastic and carcinoma lesions were statistically significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that iNOS can enhance its ability to promote tumor growth in cooperation with COX-2. The expression of iNOS and COX-2 may be one of the factors that contribute to oral carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Oral Biology Research Institute, BK 21 Project, Chosun University School of Dentistry, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Soo-A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang-Gun
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Do Kyung
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Su Gwan
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jung Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006224:Cricetinae; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002273:Carcinogens; D007527:Isoenzymes; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases