title: Poststroke "pushing": natural history and relationship to motor and functional recovery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with hemiparetic stroke have impaired balance control. Some patients ("pushers") are resistant to accepting weight on and actively "push" away from the nonparetic side. This research identified pushers from stroke patients with moderate to severe hemiparesis and examined longitudinal changes in symptoms, level of impairment, and functional independence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective sample of hemiparetic stroke patients (n=65) located in Toronto, Canada. Detailed clinical assessments were performed within 10 days postonset, at 6 weeks, and at 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1 week after stroke, 63% of patients demonstrated features of pushing. In 62% of pushers, symptoms resolved by 6 weeks, whereas in 21%, pushing symptoms persisted at 3 months. Motor recovery and functional abilities at 3 months were significantly lower among the pushers compared with the nonpushers. Pushers also had a significantly longer hospital length of stay (89 days versus 57 days). It is noteworthy that motor and functional recovery improved significantly over the 3-month study period for both pushers and nonpushers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Identification of stroke patients with pushing symptoms has prognostic implications for recovery. In light of this potential recovery, rehabilitation specialists need to refine treatment approaches for the pushers to further improve functional outcome.
authors.affiliation: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario Centre for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Science Centre, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Cynthia J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Danells
authors.forename: Sandra E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Gladstone
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: McIlroy
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016474:Weight-Bearing