title: Effect of candesartan on New York Heart Association functional class. Results of the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan on New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class in a broad spectrum of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the CHARM Programme with symptomatic CHF were randomized to placebo (n=3796) or candesartan (n=3803) and followed for a median of 38 months. NYHA class was assessed at baseline, at two weekly intervals during dose titration and 4 monthly thereafter. Patients were classified as "better", "unchanged" or "worse" at the end of the study compared to baseline. Both a simple "last visit carried forward" (LVCF) analysis and "worst rank carried forward" (WRCF) analysis (where patients who died were allocated NYHA class V) were used. In the LVCF analysis, compared to placebo, more candesartan patients improved (35.4% versus 32.5%) and fewer worsened (9.0% versus 10.3%) in NYHA class (p=0.003). The WRCF analysis also showed a better overall change in NYHA class with candesartan compared to placebo. There was no heterogeneity in the response to candesartan between the CHARM component trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Candesartan improves NYHA functional class to a similar extent to other proven treatments for CHF when added to these other treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Meara
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swedberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; C081643:candesartan