title: Regional differences in emphysema scores and BAL glutathione levels in HIV-infected individuals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence exists that HIV-seropositive individuals may be at increased risk for the development of precocious pulmonary emphysema. HIV infection is also associated with antioxidant deficiency in both the serum and lungs, and it is therefore possible that increased oxidant stress may contribute to parenchymal lung injury occurring in the setting of HIV. We sought to determine the regional distribution of emphysema and regional distribution of glutathione (GSH) concentrations among HIV-seropositive subjects with emphysema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional evaluation of a prospective, longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital. SUBJECTS/MEASUREMENTS: HIV-seropositive subjects without AIDS-related pulmonary complications participating in a descriptive study of lung biology in HIV-seropositive individuals. Emphysema scoring and evaluation of emphysema lobar distribution was performed among 40 subjects with emphysema. Eleven subjects underwent BAL of the right middle lobe (RML) and right upper lobe (RUL) with measurement of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) GSH in each lobe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that the mean emphysema scores were much higher in the upper lobes compared to the rest of the lung. Mean GSH levels were significantly greater in the RUL compared to the RML. The regional differences were present in both smokers and nonsmokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that in the setting of HIV, emphysema is more prominent and lung GSH concentrations are higher in the upper lobes. We hypothesize that the increased GSH may represent a compensatory response to increased oxidant stress in the upper lobes.
authors.affiliation: Heart Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. diaz-1@medctr.osu.edu
authors.forename: Philip T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wewers
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Clanton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D005978:Glutathione