title: Mosquitoes and transmission of malaria parasites - not just vectors.
abstract: The regional malaria epidemics of the early 1900s provided the basis for much of our current understanding of malaria epidemiology. Colonel Gill, an eminent malariologist of that time, suggested that the explosive nature of the regional epidemics was due to a sudden increased infectiousness of the adult population. His pertinent observations underlying this suggestion have, however, gone unheeded. Here, the literature on Plasmodium seasonal behaviour is reviewed and three historical data sets, concerning seasonal transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, are examined. It is proposed that the dramatic seasonal increase in the density of uninfected mosquito bites results in an increased infectiousness of the human reservoir of infection and, therefore, plays a key role in "kick-starting" malaria parasite transmission.
authors.affiliation: Unité de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire des Insectes, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr, Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France. rpaul@pasteur.sn
authors.forename: Richard E L
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Mawlouth
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.forename: Paul T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Brey
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons