title: Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, other cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease in Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in North West Europe: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The prevalence of diabetes, other cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality varies between immigrant groups in Western societies, but epidemiological data on these topics are scarce for Turks and Moroccan immigrant living in North West Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline and Embase were systematically searched for studies containing data on the prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Turkish or Moroccan immigrants living in Northwestern European countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen studies were identified. Corresponding findings were a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Turkish and Moroccan immigrants, a high prevalence of smoking among Turkish men, and a very low prevalence of smoking in Moroccan women compared to the indigenous population. Because of lack of valid studies, no definite conclusions could be drawn for in particular blood pressure and lipids. One German study showed exceptionally lower cardiovascular mortality rates in Turkish immigrants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The reviewed studies yielded insufficient evidence for a good quality comparison of the cardiovascular risk profile between Turkish and Moroccan immigrants and indigenous populations. Diabetes mellitus was more prevalent in Turkish and Moroccan immigrants, smoking more prevalent in Turkish males, and very rare in Moroccan females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. uitewaal@bmg.eur.nl
authors.forename: P J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Uitewaal
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bruijnzeels
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hoes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009018:Morocco / Q000208:ethnology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014421:Turkey / Q000208:ethnology