title: Quantitative visualization of ictal subdural EEG changes in children with neocortical focal seizures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the ictal subdural electroencephalogram (EEG) changes using spectral analysis, and to delineate the quantitatively defined ictal onset zones on high-resolution 3D MR images in children with intractable neocortical epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen children with intractable neocortical epilepsy (age: 1-16 years) who had subsequent resective surgery were retrospectively studied. The subjects underwent a high-resolution MRI and prolonged subdural EEG recording. Spectral analysis was applied to 3 habitual focal seizures. After fast Fourier transformation of the EEG epoch at ictal onset, an amplitude spectral curve (square root of the power spectral curve) was created for each electrode. The EEG magnitude of ictal rhythmic discharges was defined as the area under the amplitude spectral curve within a preset frequency band including the ictal discharge frequency, and calculated for each electrode. The topography mapping of ictal EEG magnitude was subsequently displayed on a surface-rendered MRI. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the consistency between quantitatively and visually defined ictal onset zones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The electrode showing the maximum of the averaged ictal EEG magnitude was part of the visually defined ictal onset zone in all cases. ROC analyses demonstrated that electrodes showing >30% of the maximum of the averaged ictal EEG magnitude had a specificity of 0.90 and a sensitivity of 0.74 for the concordance with visually defined ictal onset zones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative ictal subdural EEG analysis using spectral analysis may supplement conventional visual inspection in children with neocortical epilepsy by providing an objective definition of the onset zone and its simple visualization on the patient's MRI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. eishi@pet.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: Otto
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Muzik
authors.forename: Aashit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Juhász
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Chugani
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Benedek
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gotman
authors.forename: Harry T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Chugani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019579:Neocortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013355:Subdural Space