title: Early conceptual and linguistic development of a patient and partner treatment satisfaction scale (TSS) for erectile dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the early development of a pluri-language self-report questionnaire to assess male patients and their female partners' satisfaction with drug treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  This first development phase proceeded in several parts. Item generation followed literature review, hypothesized characteristics of the drug and in-depth interviews with patients and their partners. Perceptions and feelings related to ED and patients' expectations of treatment were explored. Items were generated simultaneously in 5 languages (American English, Canadian French, English, French and German). Content and face validity were empirically assessed by interviews with a few patients and partners in each country. Conceptual equivalence between languages was ascertained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final content domains included satisfaction with: sexual spontaneity, quality of erection, quality of ejaculation, sexual pleasure, orgasm, confidence, reliability of treatment, side effects, convenience, overall satisfaction, conformity to treatment expectations and intent to continue use of drug. Cognitive debriefing with patients and partners found few issues with comprehension, however some words were considered problematic. The simultaneous development for the different languages allowed adaptation of the content at this stage and ensured consistency of all language versions. The final questionnaire consisted of 4 modules: unmedicated patient, medicated patient, unmedicated partner, and medicated partner modules. The questionnaire was then linguistically validated into 15 additional languages for further psychometric validation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS) is a multi-facetted measure of patients' and partners' satisfaction with their sexual life relating to erectile dysfunction and intended for prospective use. Its simultaneous development for a variety of countries and languages has fostered true item equivalence across language versions. However, further work is needed to validate the TSS psychometrically, including identification of domains, test responsiveness and determination of appropriate scoring prior to its clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Bayer AG, Pharma Research Center, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany. maria.kubin@bayerhealthcare.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trudeau
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gondek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seignobos
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fugl-Meyer
mesh_terms: D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires