title: Biological effects of high-frequency ultrasound exposure during mouse organogenesis.
abstract: Little has been reported on bioeffects of high-frequency ultrasound (US) and guidelines for US use do not necessarily apply to high frequencies. Pregnant CD-1 mice were exposed to Doppler or B-mode US biomicroscopy (UBM) on embryonic day (E) 8.5 or E10.5, during organogenesis. Operating frequency was 40 MHz with a free field I(SPTA) of 11.9 W/cm(2) (Doppler) and 2.6 mW/cm(2) (B-mode), peak negative pressures of 6.61 MPa and MI of 1.05 (B-mode). Offspring were assessed weekly from 1 day postnatally to euthanasia at 6 weeks, with no significant difference in pup weight, body length or crown-rump length observed. E8.5 Doppler-exposed mice showed a small reduction in weight and length at 3 weeks and in weight at 6 weeks. E10.5 Doppler-exposed animals exhibited slight growth reduction in weeks 2 to 4, but were not significantly different at 6 weeks. Our results indicate similar exposures of mice should not cause significant adverse bioeffects.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ONT, Canada.
authors.forename: Allison S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Angela D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leamen
authors.forename: Viviene
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cucevic
authors.forename: F Stuart
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001699:Biometry; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D001835:Body Weight; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D008098:Litter Size; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D033401:Microscopy, Acoustic / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D014465:Ultrasonics; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods