title: Use of computed tomography angiography to evaluate the vascular anatomy of the distal portion of the forelimb of horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a detailed description of the vascular anatomy of the distal portion of the forelimbs of horses by use of computed tomography angiography (CTA).
  
  
  METHODS
  6 forelimbs of 5 horses and 1 forelimb from an equine cadaver; none of the horses had orthopedic or vascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses were anesthetized and CTA was conducted on the dependent forelimb. A catheter was inserted in the median artery, and contrast medium was infused at a rate of 3 mL/s. A computed tomography (CT) scanner was used to obtain contiguous slices from the region of the proximal sesamoid bones to the toe. All horses were allowed to recover from anesthesia. To help identify vessel patterns in the distal portion of the forelimb, the median artery and lateral palmar digital vein of a heparinized forelimb obtained from an equine cadaver were infused with red and blue polymethylmethacrylate and the distal portion of that forelimb was then sectioned to correspond to CTA images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Vessel patterns in CTA images matched vascular anatomic structures of the cadaver forelimb and were consistent with published anatomic structures. Major and minor vessels were consistently visible in CTA images of all horses. There were no complications reported in any horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of CTA provided a highly detailed depiction of the vasculature of the distal portion of the equine forelimb. This was a safe technique and should be useful in the evaluation of the blood supply to the distal portion of the forelimb.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Galuppo
authors.forename: Helen L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Erik R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Wisner
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hornof
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D005552:Forelimb / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000662:veterinary*