title: The role of biofeedback therapy in functional proctologic disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The question which patients with functional proctologic disorders truly benefit from the biofeedback has not been equivocally resolved. The aim of this study was to assess our results of biofeedback therapy in patients with anal incontinence or constipation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two consecutive patients who were treated with biofeedback therapy between January 1998 and March 2002 were studied. Data was collected from our proctologic database.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the twenty-two patients with anal incontinence who underwent biofeedback therapy during the study period, twenty patients had incontinence affecting quality of life. Twelve patients (60 percent) benefited from biofeedback as judged by improvement of incontinence symptoms affecting quality of life; all four patients with partial sphincter defects, three out of four patients after secondary repair, three out of five patients with persistent incontinence after rectal prolapse surgery and two out of seven patients having idiopathic incontinence. Of the thirty patients who underwent biofeedback therapy for constipation, twenty-five had intractable symptoms of constipation. Constipation resolved in sixteen patients (64 percent); in thirteen out of nineteen (68 percent) of those with pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) and in three out of six (50 percent) having combined PFD and slow transit constipation. In patients with PFD constipation was resolved in ten out of thirteen patients (77 percent) with anismus but in only three out of six (50 percent) having other causes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biofeedback therapy improves incontinence after sphincter repairs and in patients with partial external sphincter defects, but does not improve idiopathic incontinence. Biofeedback is also effective in patients with constipation, especially when anismus is the only cause for symptoms of constipation and difficult evacuation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland. matti.kairaluoma@ksshp.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kairaluoma
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raivio
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kupila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aarnio
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kellokumpu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities