title: Effects of estrogen on gastrocnemius muscle strain injury and regeneration in female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of estrogen on muscle damage and regeneration after acute passive gastrocnemius muscle strain injury in female Sprague-Dawley rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were divided into 5 groups: ovariectomized, strained and treated with low-dosage estradiol (20 microg/d) (E(low)), treated with high-dosage estradiol (200 microg/d) (E(high)), treated with oil placebo (Oil), strained with no ovariectomy (Strain), and sham operated with no strain and no ovariectomy (Con). Muscle damage index [plasma creatine kinase (CK)], antioxidant indexes [glutathione (GSH), Vitamin E (Vit E), total antioxidant capability (TAC)], and muscle regeneration index (desmin) were investigated at 7 d.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma CK activity increased but GSH, Vit E, and TAC levels decreased after muscle strain injury (Strain vs Con P<0.05). Plasma CK activity was the greatest while GSH, Vit E, and TAC were the lowest in the Oil group among the five groups (P<0.01). Plasma CK in the E(high) and Strain groups was lower than that in the E(low) group. Plasma GSH, Vit E, and TAC were higher in the E(high) and Strain groups compared with the E(low) group (P<0.05). The expression of desmin in the E(high) and Strain groups was higher than that in the E(low) group (P<0.01) while that in the Oil group was the lowest in all the five groups (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endogenous estrogen in normal female rats or exogenous estrogen in ovariectomized rats could improve antioxidant capability in vivo, so that reduced muscle damage and accelerated muscle regeneration post gastronemius muscle strain injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Public Health School, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China. fxpku2001@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Guo-zhen
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003893:Desmin / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012038:Regeneration; D013180:Sprains and Strains / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D003893:Desmin; D004967:Estrogens; D014810:Vitamin E; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005978:Glutathione