title: [Pharmacological mechanism of Semen Litchi on antagonizing insulin resistance in rats with type 2 diabetes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of Semen Litchi water extract (SL) on enhancing insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic rats (T2DR) with insulin resistance (IR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of SL were observed on serum contents of fasting glucose (FSG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine (Cr), total proteins (TP), albumin (A), malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterols (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), leptin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), fasting insulin (Fins) and index of insulin sensitivity (ISI), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in T2DR-IR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In T2DR-IR, SL could lower concentrations of FSG, TC, TG, FFA, leptin, TNF-alpha and Fins (P < 0.05-0.01), increase ISI (P < 0.01), reform the hyperinsulinemia and insulin sensitivity, decrease the levels of BUN, Cr and the activities of ALT, AST, increase concentration of TP, A (P < 0.05-0.01), recover the hepatic and nephric functions, increase the activity of SOD and decrease content of MDA (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SL could reduce the levels of TNF-alpha, hyper-leptinemia and hyperinsulinemia, antagonize insulin resistance, fortify insulin sensitivity, readjust lipodystrophy and maladjustment of glycometabolism, enhance antioxidation,and improve functions of liver and kidney in T2DR-IR.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou.
authors.forename: Jiewen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Liming
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jingqiang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Guangqing
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guohua
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Lianhao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D032125:Litchi / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008517:Phytotherapy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008315:Malondialdehyde