title: Excised porcine skin experimental systems to validate quantitative microdialysis methods for determination of drugs in skin after topical application.
abstract: Microdialysis is useful as a method to evaluate the disposition of drugs in the skin to design improved transdermal delivery systems (TDDSs). In this study, quantitative microdialysis methods were validated in excised porcine skin experimental systems in vitro. Flurbiprofen (FP), used as a model drug, showed high affinity for the skin tissues in equilibrium states between the medium and skin. The membrane clearances of FP for permeation through the membrane of a dialysis fiber placed in the skin (CL(m in S)) were lower than that in the medium. The adsorption of components in the skin to the membrane surface of the dialysis fiber and accumulation of FP near the dialysis fiber are the most likely reasons for this. When CL(m in S) was used to predict the extracellular FP concentration in skin (C(T)), the value obtained was lower than that expected from the FP concentration in the medium on the dermis side, which should be equal to C(T) at equilibrium. In the zero net flux (ZNF) method, in which the concentration difference of perfusate (DeltaC) between the inflow and outflow were used to obtain C(T), the predicted C(T) was similar to the expected value. In an in vitro skin permeation experiment, the ZNF method was used for the prediction of C(T) near the dialysis fiber. The predicted C(T) was over 10 times higher than the FP concentration in the medium on the dermis side, suggesting a concentration gradient in the dermis. Although the ZNF method is good for predicting the C(T) in skin, the mass balance has to be considered for the quantitative evaluation of the skin permeation of drugs. In this study, the effect of the mass transfer of FP from the perfusate to the skin on the cumulative amount of FP passing through the skin was relatively low because of the use of suitable solutions as perfusate. The perfusion conditions and schedules should be designed carefully for quantitative evaluations using the ZNF method. These results provide useful information for the in vivo application of quantitative microdialysis to evaluate TDDS.
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, 7-1 Katsuraoka-cho, Otaru, Hokkaido 047-0264, Japan. toseki@hokuyakudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshinobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seki
authors.forename: Aiping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saso
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chono
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morimoto
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry; D005480:Flurbiprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis*; D012867:Skin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D005480:Flurbiprofen