title: 2-Methoxyestradiol induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate 2-methoxyestradiol induced apoptosis and its mechanism of action in CNE2 cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  CNE2 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and treated with 2-methoxyestradiol in different concentrations. MTT assay was used to detect growth inhibition. Flow cytometry and DNA ladders were used to detect apoptosis. Western blotting was used to observe the expression of p53, p21(WAF1), Bax, and Bcl-2 protein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  2-methoxyestradiol inhibited proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells with IC(50) value of 2.82 micromol/L. The results of flow cytometry showed an accumulation of CNE2 cells in G2/M phase in response to 2-methoxyestradiol. Treatment of CNE2 cells with 2-methoxyestradiol resulted in DNA fragmentation. The expression levels of protein p53 and Bcl-2 decreased following 2-methoxyestradiol treatment in CNE2 cells, whereas Bax and p21(WAF1) protein expression were unaffected after treatment with 2-methoxyestradiol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that 2-methoxyestradiol induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis of CNE2 cells which was associated to Bcl-2 down-regulation.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
authors.forename: Ning-ning
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jun-ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Man-zhi
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-shi
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wen-qi
authors.initials: WQ
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000077584:2-Methoxyestradiol; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; C494826:BAX protein, human; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D004958:Estradiol; D000077584:2-Methoxyestradiol