title: Antiretrovirals as antimalarial agents.
abstract: Recent studies have indicated that antiretroviral protease inhibitors may affect outcome in malarial disease. We have investigated the antimalarial activities of 6 commonly used antiretroviral agents. Our data indicate that, in addition to the previously published effects on cytoadherence and phagocytosis, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease inhibitors saquinavir, ritonavir, and indinavir directly inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro at clinically relevant concentrations. These findings are particularly important in light of both the high rate of malaria and HIV-1 coinfection in sub-Saharan Africa and the effort to employ highly active antiretroviral therapy in these regions.
authors.affiliation: Malaria Biology Laboratory, Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and School of Population Health, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Tina S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Skinner-Adams
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.forename: Petrina M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hilton
authors.forename: Katherine T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Andrews
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019469:Indinavir / Q000494:pharmacology; D021261:Parasitic Sensitivity Tests; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000494:pharmacology; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D019469:Indinavir; D019258:Saquinavir; D019438:Ritonavir