title: History and evolution of disc replacement.
abstract: Total joint replacement has revolutionized the treatment of limb arthritides. Spinal arthroplasty is emerging as a treatment for spinal disc degeneration. The purpose of this review is to highlight the evolution of artificial interventions for nucleus and total disc replacement. This review will provide the foundation for the understanding of present and future technologies in the field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, 850 Harrison Avenue, Dowling 2 North, Boston, MA 02118, USA. bonocm@prodigy.net
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bono
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Garfin
mesh_terms: D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000266:history* / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000639:trends; D001416:Back Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000266:history / Q000601:surgery; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000266:history / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000601:surgery; D007595:Joint Prosthesis / Q000266:history; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications / Q000266:history / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials