title: Dynamin-2 regulates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  On exposure to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), vascular cells generally undergo apoptosis, which is one of the major pathogenic factors of atherosclerosis. In this study, we examined the role of dynamin (a crucial GTPase protein in endocytosis) in oxLDL-induced apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  After oxLDL stimulation, dynamin-2 colocalized with LOX-1 around the cell surface, as well as oxLDL in the cytoplasm, suggesting that dynamin-2 was involved in scavenger receptor-mediated oxLDL endocytosis. Downregulation of dynamin-2 induced by dynamin-2 dominant negative plasmid (K44A) resulted in a decrease of oxLDL uptake and thereby in a reduction of apoptosis. These data demonstrated that dynamin-2 was involved in oxLDL-induced apoptosis via the oxLDL endocytotic pathway. On the other hand, dynamin-2 wild-type plasmid transfection promoted oxLDL-induced apoptosis without increasing oxLDL uptake. Interestingly, the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha (PFT) significantly reduced apoptosis promoted by wild-type dynamin-2 (78% reduction compared with the PFT[-] condition). These results indicated that dynamin-2 enhanced oxLDL-induced apoptosis of VSMC by participating in the p53 pathway, probably as a signal transducer. Moreover, we demonstrated that, in advanced plaques of apolipoprotein E-/- mice, dynamin-2 expression was often enhanced in apoptotic VSMC, suggesting that dynamin-2 might participate in apoptosis of VSMC even in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrated that dynamin-2 at least partially regulated oxLDL-induced apoptosis of VSMC by participating in 2 independent pathways: the oxLDL endocytotic pathway and the p53 pathway. These findings suggest that dynamin-2 may serve as a new research or therapeutic target in vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. yu-kashi@med.juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kashiwakura
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kusumi
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sumiyoshi
authors.forename: Yasutomo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nasu
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumon
authors.forename: Kohji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Daida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000166:cytology; D034285:Dynamin II / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000032:analysis; D051131:Receptors, Oxidized LDL; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D014050:Toluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D052160:Benzothiazoles; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C495137:OLR1 protein, human; C495138:Olr1 protein, mouse; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D051131:Receptors, Oxidized LDL; D051127:Scavenger Receptors, Class E; D013844:Thiazoles; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D014050:Toluene; C121565:pifithrin; D034285:Dynamin II