title: Targeting malaria with polyamines.
abstract: During the asexual cycle of Plasmodium falciparum within the host erythrocyte, the parasite induces a stage-dependent elevation in the levels of polyamines by increased metabolism and uptake of extracellular pools. Polyamine amides of N-methylanthranilic acid have been synthesized which have embedded within them putrescine, spermidine, or spermine and from a charge perspective mimic natural polyamines. The interaction of these polyamine conjugates with human erythrocytes infected with malaria is described using fluorescent microscopy. The fluorescent spermine mimic was the only probe to show measurable intracellular accumulation. This was observed in late stage development but not in the ring stages or in uninfected erythrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Vical Inc., 10390 Pacific Center Court, San Diego, California 92121, USA. ageall@vical.com
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Geall
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Baugh
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loyevsky
authors.forename: Victor R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Gordeuk
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Al-Abed
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bucala
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011073:Polyamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011073:Polyamines