Pregnancy-associated deaths and pregnancy-related deaths in Wisconsin, 1998-2001.
BACKGROUND
Although the risk of dying during childbirth or from complications afterward has been greatly reduced during the past 100 years, the current rate of approximately 1 death in 10,000 live births is still too high. The goal of the US Department of Health and Human Services is to reduce this rate by more than half by the year 2010.


OBJECTIVE
To present Wisconsin data regarding pregnancy-associated deaths and pregnancy-related deaths.


METHODS
Cases in which a woman had died during pregnancy or within 1 year of the end of her pregnancy were identified, and case-specific data were collected. The Wisconsin Maternal Mortality Review Team then conducted systematic reviews of the information, summarized issues related to maternal mortality, considered the relationship to pregnancy and factors of avoidability, and made recommendations to improve maternal health and survival. Finally, pregnancy-associated and pregnancy-related mortality ratios were calculated.


RESULTS
From 1998 through 2001, 23 Wisconsin women died as a result of their pregnancy or from complications up to a year later. This gives a Wisconsin pregnancy-related mortality ratio of 8.4 per 100,000 live births. This ratio was higher in African American women and in women who smoked. The primary cause of death was embolic disease. Almost half of the pregnancy-related deaths (48%) occurred during the postpartum period, and nearly one-quarter (22%) were avoidable.


CONCLUSIONS
The disparity in pregnancy-related mortality ratios among ethnic groups and the finding of avoidable deaths are areas that should be targeted by health care providers and public health workers. Six areas on which to focus include the following: addressing racial disparities, assuring the performance of autopsies, lifestyle changes related to obesity and smoking, and management of embolic and cardiovascular disease, as well as postpartum hemorrhage.
Mascola
Maria A
MA
Bureau of Community Health Promotion, Division of Public Health, Department of Health and Family Service, Madison, WI 53701-2659, USA.
Schellpfeffer
Michael A
MA
Kruse
Terry K
TK
Conway
Ann E
AE
Kvale
Katherine M
KM
Katcher
Murray L
ML
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008428:Maternal Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality*; D012307:Risk Factors; D044465:White People; D014922:Wisconsin / Q000453:epidemiology; D001741:Black or African American