title: The antioxidant defense protein heme oxygenase 1 is a novel target for statins in endothelial cells.
abstract: Cholesterol-independent, pleiotropic actions of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action by as yet unidentified mechanisms. This study explores the role of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) as a target and mediator of statins. In cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein, simvastatin and lovastatin increased HO-1 mRNA levels in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion. HO-1 induction by statins remained unaffected by mevalonate and N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, precluding the involvement of isoprenoid- and NO-dependent pathways. HO-1 mRNA induction was abrogated in the presence of actinomycin D and cycloheximide. In cells transfected with a reporter gene construct containing the proximal 4 kB of the HO-1 gene promoter 5'-flanking region, significant upregulation of promoter activity was detected, indicating that regulatory elements binding to this region were involved in transcriptional HO-1 induction by statins. Increased transcriptional expression of HO-1 was associated with elevated HO-1 protein levels and reduction of free radical formation. Our results show that the antioxidant defense protein HO-1 is a target site of statins in endothelial cells. Statins lead to HO-1 promoter activation, transcript and protein accumulation. This novel pathway may contribute to and explain the pleiotropic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiatherogenic actions of statins.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grosser
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hemmerle
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berndt
authors.forename: Kati
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: Urte
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hinkelmann
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schürger
authors.forename: Nastiti
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wijayanti
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Immenschuh
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009249:NADP; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1