title: Butyrate increases apoptosis induced by different antineoplastic drugs in monocytic leukemia cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Apoptosis is an essential form of cell death, the failure of which can lead to cancer development. Cancer including leukemia is usually treated with chemotherapeutic drugs that can be effective, but frequently problems are encountered that impair the success of the treatment. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid that can have many effects on different cells, including apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of a combination treatment with butyrate and antineoplastic agents Ara-C, etoposide and vincristine is evaluate on the leukemic cell line THP-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that butyrate increased apoptosis induced by the three agents as seen by measurement of DNA content, annexin exposure and morphological characteristics. We also demonstrate that the process of apoptosis induced by butyrate and chemotherapeutic drugs involves the participation of caspases and induced activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We believe that butyrate could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of leukemia in combination with other antineoplastic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: F L A
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Rabelo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brumatti
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bueno-da-Silva
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Amarante-Mendes
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Leite
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002087:Butyrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor / Q000379:methods; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007948:Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014750:Vincristine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002087:Butyrates; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D003561:Cytarabine; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D020169:Caspases