title: Efficacy of multidrug therapy combined with mizoribine in children with diffuse IgA nephropathy in comparison with multidrug therapy without mizoribine and with methylprednisolone pulse therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of prednisolone, warfarin, and dipyridamole therapy combined with mizoribine (PWDM) in the treatment of diffuse immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy in comparison with prednisolone, warfarin, and dipyridamole therapy without mizoribine (PWD) and with methylprednisolone pulse therapy (PWD pulse).
  
  
  METHODS
  We collected data on 61 patients diagnosed with diffuse IgA nephropathy, and these patients were retrospectively divided into three groups without randomization. Group A included 21 patients before 1987 who were treated with PWD for 24 months, group B included 20 patients from 1987 to 1989 who were treated with PWD pulse therapy for 24 months, and group C included 20 patients after 1990 who were treated with PWDM for 24 months. Clinical features and pathological findings in each group were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time from initiation of therapy in group A, group B, and group C was 8.9 +/- 5.2, 8.1 +/- 3.9, and 7.7 +/- 3.8 years, respectively. At the latest follow-up examination, the mean urinary protein excretion (mg/m2/h) was 17 +/- 10 in group A, 22 +/- 20 in group B, and 6 +/- 6 in group C and had decreased significantly in group C as compared with the other groups. The activity index in all three groups was lower at the second biopsy than that at the first biopsy (5.1 +/- 0.8 vs. 6.5 +/- 2.1 in group A, p < 0.05; 5.6 +/- 0.9 vs. 6.6 +/- 1.7 in group B, p < 0.01, and 4.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 6.8 +/- 1.9 in group C, p < 0.01). The chronicity index in groups A and B at second biopsy was higher than at first biopsy (7.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 4.8 +/- 1.0 in group A, p < 0.01, and 8.1 +/- 2.0 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.9 in group B, p < 0.01), but was unchanged in group C. At the latest follow-up examination, 1 patient (4.8%) in group A, 3 patients (15%) in group B, and none (0%) in group C had renal insufficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that PWDM appears to be more effective than PWD or PWD pulse in ameliorating proteinuria and histological severity of patients with IgA nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan. tomo@fmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoya
authors.forename: Junzo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isome
authors.forename: Ruriko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D020551:Pulse Therapy, Drug; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012263:Ribonucleosides; C010052:mizoribine; D008775:Methylprednisolone