title: Treatment of severe chronic venous insufficiency using the subfascial endoscopic perforator vein procedure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Before 1985, corrective surgical procedures for patients with chronic venous insufficiency and venous ulcers were performed using long incisions through diseased skin and subcutaneous tissues. The procedure, involving ligation of incompetent perforator veins, known as "the Linton operation," often was complicated by wound infections and poor healing. This changed in 1985 when G. Hauer demonstrated a new surgical technique for direct visual identification of the incompetent perforator veins using an endoscope in the subfascial space. This seminal contribution marked the advent of subfascial endoscopic perforator vein surgery (SEPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 to 2004, the authors group prospectively collected data on 110 patients with chronic venous insufficiency who underwent a SEPS procedure. Preoperative assessment of the limb's vascular status consisted of color-flow duplex ultrasound imaging and ascending and descending phlebography to locate vein valve incompetence, along with venous mapping. The ages of the patients ranged from 42 to 82 years (mean, 60 years). A total of 128 limbs underwent the SEPS procedure in the cohort of 110 patients. According to CEAP classification for venous limb disease, 60 limbs belonged to group C5 (skin changes, pigmentation, venous eczema, lipodermatosclerosis, healed ulcer) and 68limbs to group C6 (skin changes and active ulceration).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 110 patients underwent 128 SEPS procedures without significant morbidity. Of the 68 limbs in class C6, 54 showed ulcer healing within the follow-up period of 12 weeks. The remaining 14 limbs in class C6 achieved ulcer healing within 24 weeks. In this latter group, 10 patients had venous ulcers larger than 4 cm in diameter. These patients underwent a split-thickness skin graft at the time the SEPS procedure was performed. The grafts remained healed during a 2-year follow-up period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the effectiveness of the SEPS procedure when incorporated into the overall treatment strategy for patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Minimal postoperative complications accompanied by ulcer healing and relief of lower extremity symptoms were achieved for all the patients, underscoring the important role of incompetent perforator veins in the formation of chronic venous insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine / Cabrini Program, 222 East 19th Street, Suite 2 J, New York, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wayne
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lown
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castellano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cioroiu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grossi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017546:Angioscopy / Q000379:methods*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014647:Varicose Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D014689:Venous Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*