title: Bifid mandibular condyle: archaeological case report of a rare anomaly.
abstract: In this paper, an archaeological case of unilateral bifid mandibular condyle is presented. This uncommon anomaly is characterized by a division of the mandibular condylar head. In this case, the left condyle was divided into two articulating surfaces oriented mediolaterally; two articular facets on the anterior wall of the glenoid fossa for the double condyle were observed. The morphological and radiological analysis do not show any evidence of injuries or degenerative pathology. Taking into account the two main causes of bifid condyle suggested in the literature (traumatic and developmental), an embryopathy by teratogenic agents is proposed as a possible aetiology of the bifid condyle reported here.
authors.affiliation: Unitat d'Antropologia, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Facultat de Ciències, Edifici C, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jordana
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chimenos
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malgosa
mesh_terms: D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D010164:Paleopathology; D013030:Spain