title: [Risk factors of mortality in invasive pneumococcal disease].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the risk factors associated with mortality in invasive pneumococcal disease in the university hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz (Madrid, Spain) during 11 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study of patients attending the emergency service of the hospital from January 1993 to August 2003. We registered data on mortality, clinical and microbiological evolution and relapses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 263 patients with pneumococcal baceteremia and invasive disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, bacteremia of unknown origin and oligoarthritis). Mortality was 12.5%. Variables associated with mortality in a logistic regression analysis included absence of leukocytosis (p = 0.04), acidosis (p < 0.01), respiratory signs and symptoms (tachypnea, pleuritic pain) (p = 0.02), and neurologic manifestations (decreased consciousness level; (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients at highest risk of death because of invasive pneumococcal disease are critically ill, with no leukocytosis, with severe respiratory or neurological symptoms and undergoing invasive procedures such as mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología Médica, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain. lucibellita@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Lucía
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barahona Rondón
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Soriano García
authors.forename: Juan José
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Granizo Martínez
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santos O'Connor
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: López Durán
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernández Roblas
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015996:Survival Rate