title: Determinants of long-term quality of life and voiding function of patients treated with radical prostatectomy or permanent brachytherapy for prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term quality of life (QoL) outcomes of three treatments for localized prostate cancer: radical prostatectomy (RP); brachytherapy monotherapy (BTM); and BT combined with external beam radiotherapy (BTC).
  
  
  METHODS
  In August 2000, questionnaires were mailed to men with T1c-T3 adenocarcinoma of the prostate treated with either RP, BTM ((103)Pd monotherapy) or BTC. Questionnaires included validated outcome measures, i.e. the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - General (FACT-G), American Urological Association Symptom Score (AUA-SS), Urinary Function Questionnaire for men after RP, and the Brief Sexual Function Inventory. Returned questionnaires were assessed using cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 214 patients were included in the analysis (60 RP, 102 BTM and 52 BTC); the median follow-up was 18.8, 25.5 and 29.9 months, respectively. There were differences between both BT groups and the RP group in total AUA-SS and obstructive subscale symptom scores, with the former having worse symptom scores at a longer follow-up. Differences in overall QoL were not detected between groups using the total FACT-G but the BTC group generally had worse scores in the physical well-being subscale. The BT groups had higher continence rates with time after treatment. Sexual function was better with BT initially, but these differences did not persist at a longer follow-up. There were significant correlations between the FACT-G and the urinary symptom scores, and the degree of sexual function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although patients treated with BTM and RP have a different spectrum of side-effects, their overall long-term QoL is similar, with urinary and sexual function being the primary determinants of this outcome. Men treated with BTC have a worse QoL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0422, USA.
authors.forename: Emily B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bissonette
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Theodorescu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology