title: Development of a rat solid tumor model for continuous low-dose-rate irradiation studies using 125I and 103Pd sources.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop an experimental technique for studying the radiobiology of continuous low-dose-rate irradiation (CLDRI) using clinical brachytherapy sources emitting low energy photons for a rat solid tumor model.
  
  
  METHODS
  BA1112 tumors were grown between the ears of 14-week-old male WAG/Rij rats by interdermal inoculation. A radioactive source afterloading system, which consists of a lightweight helmet sutured to the rat and a nine-source polystyrene applicator, was fabricated for in vivo tumor irradiation by (125)I and (103)Pd brachytherapy sources. This system has a 12 x 12 mm opening in the center to accommodate the tumor and its growth during irradiation (the diameter of a typical BA1112 tumor was about 6 mm when radiation was applied). The spatial locations of the nine sources were optimized to produce an as uniform as possible three-dimensional dose distribution to the central portion of the applicator for both the (125)I and (103)Pd sources. Absolute dose delivered by the applicator was verified by point dose measurements using calibrated TLD in a polystyrene phantom that mimics the scattering environment of the tumor on the rat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The feasibility of tumor cure experiments using the experimental technique presented in this work was demonstrated. The technique was used to study the influence of initial dose rate on the in vivo tumor cure probability of BA1112 tumors irradiated by (125)I and (103)Pd sources at dose rates varying from 8-20 cGy/h. The technique was also used for studying the in vitro tumor cell survival following in vivo CLDRI irradiation of the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An experimental technique using an in vivo tumor model has been developed for studying the radiobiological effects of continuous low-dose-rate irradiations using (125)I sources alone, (103)Pd sources alone, or a mixture of (125)I and (103)Pd sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. ravinder.nath@yale.edu
authors.forename: Ravinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bongiorni
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gragnano
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rockwell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001918:Brachytherapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010165:Palladium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium