Fat mobilization in adipose tissue is promoted by adipose triglyceride lipase.
Mobilization of fatty acids from triglyceride stores in adipose tissue requires lipolytic enzymes. Dysfunctional lipolysis affects energy homeostasis and may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and insulin resistance. Until now, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was the only enzyme known to hydrolyze triglycerides in mammalian adipose tissue. Here, we report that a second enzyme, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), catalyzes the initial step in triglyceride hydrolysis. It is interesting that ATGL contains a "patatin domain" common to plant acyl-hydrolases. ATGL is highly expressed in adipose tissue of mice and humans. It exhibits high substrate specificity for triacylglycerol and is associated with lipid droplets. Inhibition of ATGL markedly decreases total adipose acyl-hydrolase activity. Thus, ATGL and HSL coordinately catabolize stored triglycerides in adipose tissue of mammals.
Zimmermann
Robert
R
Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Strauss
Juliane G
JG
Haemmerle
Guenter
G
Schoiswohl
Gabriele
G
Birner-Gruenberger
Ruth
R
Riederer
Monika
M
Lass
Achim
A
Neuberger
Georg
G
Eisenhaber
Frank
F
Hermetter
Albin
A
Zechner
Rudolf
R
D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008053:Lipid Mobilization; D008066:Lipolysis; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002787:Sterol Esterase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014162:Transfection; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004075:Diglycerides; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014280:Triglycerides; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002787:Sterol Esterase; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase; D007545:Isoproterenol; D005990:Glycerol