title: Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into dorsal interneurons.
abstract: During neural development caudalization and dorsoventral patterning of the neural tube is directed by several inductive factors including retinoic acid, sonic hedgehog (Shh), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and Wnt signaling. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether dorsal interneurons specific for the spinal cord can be generated from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells using known inductive signals. Here we show that specific combination of developmental signaling molecules including all trans-retinoic acid, Shh, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and Wnt3A can direct differentiation of ES cells into dorsal interneurons possessing appropriate neuronal markers, synaptic proteins and functional neurotransmitter machineries. We introduce a concept that Wnt3A morphogenic action relies on crosstalk with both Shh and BMP2 signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA. murashoval@mail.ecu.edu <murashoval@mail.ecu.edu>
authors.forename: Alexander K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Murashov
authors.forename: Elena S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Pak
authors.forename: Wesley A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hendricks
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Owensby
authors.forename: Paulina L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Sierpinski
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Tatko
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000166:cytology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007395:Interneurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016501:Neurites / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D016704:Synapsins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein
chemical_list: D005136:Eye Proteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; C489025:Lim2 protein, mouse; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D011506:Proteins; D016704:Synapsins; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D060508:Wnt3 Protein; D060509:Wnt3A Protein; C555511:Wnt3a protein, mouse; C103658:synaptic glycoprotein gp65; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1