title: Transthoracal partial resection or local excision of small esophageal carcinoma with a radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy--proposal of limited operation for postoperative quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Controversy remains regarding which treatment should be employed for superficial esophageal cancer. The treatment modalities for such superficial cancers vary from a local excision, including an endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) to an extended radical esophagectomy (three-field lymphadenectomy). In the current report, we proposed the use of either a transthoracal partial resection or local excision of the esophagus with a radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy for the patients with small superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, in order to perform effective radical cancer surgery and maintain the quality of life (QOL) of the patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical procedures: After thoracotomy and detaching of the esophagus from the surrounding tissues, the proximal and distal resection lines were determined by careful palpation of the clips within the esophagus which had been placed during the preoperative endoscopic examination. Thereafter, a mediastinal lymph node dissection, including the bilateral recurrent nerve nodes and paratracheal nodes, was performed. After this procedure, intrathoracic esophageal end-to-end anastomosis was performed in the ordinary manner. We performed this procedure on three patients with small localized esophageal cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Operations were safely performed on these three patients and postoperative quality of life was almost satisfactory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transthoracal partial resection or local excision with a radical mediastinal lymphadenectomy was useful for the patients with small localized esophageal carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgical Science (Surgery I), Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan. hkuwano@med.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwano
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Ryokuhei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manda
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuchi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D019160:Endosonography; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome