title: Involvement of OCTN2 and B0,+ in the transport of carnitine through an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier.
abstract: Carnitine is known to accumulate in brain, therefore transport of carnitine through the blood-brain barrier was studied in an in vitro system using bovine brain capillary endothelial cells (BBCEC) grown on filter inserts in a co-culture system with glial cells. Long-term exposure of BBCEC to carnitine resulted in a high accumulation of long-chain acyl carnitines, which decreased dramatically upon removal of carnitine. Kinetic analysis of carnitine accumulation indicated a possibility of functioning of more than one transporter. BBCEC were incubated in the presence of substrates and inhibitors of known carnitine transporters added from either apical or basolateral side. Inhibition by replacement of sodium and expression of OCTN2 (RT-PCR) were in agreement with earlier reports on the functioning of OCTN2 in apical membrane. For the first time, functioning of OCTN2 was demonstrated in the basolateral membrane, as well as functioning in both membranes of a low affinity carnitine transporter B(0,+). Expression of B(0,+) in BBCEC was confirmed by RT-PCR. These results suggest that OCTN2 and B(0,+) could be involved in carnitine transport in both the apical and basolateral membrane.
authors.affiliation: Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Berezowski
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miecz
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marszałek
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bröer
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bröer
authors.forename: Roméo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cecchelli
authors.forename: Katarzyna A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Nałecz
mesh_terms: D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply; D002331:Carnitine / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D000074058:Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 5
chemical_list: D026921:Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C492020:SLC22A5 protein, human; C115441:Slc22a5 protein, rat; D000074058:Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 5; D002331:Carnitine