title: A case-control study of risk factors for fibrocystic breast conditions: Shanghai Nutrition and Breast Disease Study, China, 1995-2000.
abstract: This study was conducted to identify reproductive and dietary factors associated with benign proliferative mammary epithelial cell changes. Subjects were women enrolled in a randomized trial of breast self-examination in Shanghai, China. Women who developed fibrocystic breast conditions classified as nonproliferative (175 women), proliferative (181 women), or proliferative with atypia (33 women) between 1995 and 2000 and 1,070 unaffected trial participants were administered general risk factor and food frequency questionnaires. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. High parity and consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables were more strongly associated with a reduced risk of proliferative and atypical lesions than with nonproliferative conditions. For the fourth quartile of consumption versus the first, odds ratios for lesions diagnosed as nonproliferative, proliferative, and proliferative with atypia were 0.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2, 0.7), 0.2 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.4), and 0.1 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.5), respectively, for fruit intake and 0.6 (95% CI: 0.3, 1.1), 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2, 0.7), and 0.1 (95% CI: 0.1, 0.9), respectively, for vegetable intake. Reduced but nonsignificant risks in relation to soy products were observed for proliferative and atypical lesions. No single nutrient or botanical family was appreciably more strongly associated with proliferative conditions than with nonproliferative conditions, after results were controlled for total fruit and vegetable consumption. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce cellular proliferation in the mammary epithelium; this is one mechanism by which such a diet could reduce risk of breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Chunyuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Roberta M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Ming Gang
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Dao Li
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Neilann K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Horner
authors.forename: Zakia C
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Johanna W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Lampe
authors.forename: Yong Wei
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jackilen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shannon
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stalsberg
authors.forename: Wenjin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fitzgibbons
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Jessie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Satia
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004032:Diet; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005348:Fibrocystic Breast Disease / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins