title: DOSSCORE: an accelerated DOSXYZnrc code with an efficient stepping algorithm and scoring grid.
abstract: DOSSCORE is an accelerated version of DOSXYZnrc that allows photons to cross voxel boundaries of the same medium and utilizes a separate scoring grid superimposed on the geometrical grid. Two different stepping algorithms, the hownear method and the scaling method are implemented in DOSSCORE. The hownear method allows particles to travel larger distances in homogeneous regions where there is no interest in the dose deposition of these particles, whilst the scaling method utilizes a stepping algorithm in which particles are only slowed down by the boundaries of the geometrical voxels and not by the boundaries of the scoring voxels. For CT-based phantoms, only photon ray tracing is applied, which results in a rather modest speed gain of factor 1.2 compared to DOSXYZnrc. The hownear method and scaling method do not increase the speed for CT-based phantoms, but only for homogeneous phantoms and phantoms with a limited number of small heterogeneities. In cases where a small number of scoring voxels are needed, the hownear method performs better than the scaling method, whilst the opposite is true for cases when many scoring voxels are needed. The photon transport is accelerated by almost a factor of 2 for all phantoms (homogeneous, heterogeneous with much homogeneity and CT-based phantoms) compared to DOSXYZnrc. For a small number of scoring voxels, the hownear method is up to a factor of 2.6 and 1.9 faster than DOSXYZnrc for homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms in the case of photon beams. For an electron beam, a speed gain of factor 2.4 is obtained. For a full scoring grid like the one used in DOSXYZnrc, the scaling method is up to a factor of 2.2 and 1.7 faster than DOSXYZnrc for homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms in the case of photon beams. For an electron beam, a speed gain of factor 2 is obtained. A speed increase without biasing the results is very relevant. The use of two separate grids, the more efficient stepping algorithms and the accelerated photon transport can be applied to every EGS-based or other Monte Carlo code.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Smedt
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Reynaert
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: De Neve
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thierens
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004583:Electrons; D006801:Humans; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017785:Photons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D012542:Scattering, Radiation