title: Effect of 3,4-di(OH)-cinnamate synthetic derivative on plasma and hepatic cholesterol level and antioxidant enzyme activities in high cholesterol-fed rats.
abstract: The effect of 3,4-di(OH)-phenylpropionic acid (L-phenylalanine methyl ester) amide (SL-1063), a synthetic derivative of 3,4-di(OH)-cinnamate, on the cholesterol metabolism and antioxidant enzyme system was examined in rats. Diets that included either SL-1063 (0.046%, w/w) or lovastatin (0.02%, w/w) as a supplement, plus 1 g cholesterol/100 g diet were fed to rats ad libitum for 5 weeks. The total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lowered by the SL-1063 supplement compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the levels of plasma HDL-cholesterol and ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol (%) were significantly higher in the SL-1063 group than in the control group. However, the lovastatin supplement did not affect the plasma lipid level. The hepatic cholesterol level and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activity were significantly lowered in the lovastatin group compared to the SL-1063 group; however, the hepatic triglyceride level did not differ among the groups. The activity of hepatic acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), the enzyme that catalyzes hepatic cholesterol esterification, was significantly lower in the lovastatin and SL-1063 groups than in the control group. Furthermore, the SL-1063 supplement elevated the excretion of fecal sterols. As regards the hepatic antioxidant enzyme system, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were all significantly higher in the SL-1063 group compared to the control group, whereas only the GR activity was significantly increased by the lovastatin supplement. No marked difference in the GSH levels and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities was observed among the groups. The levels of plasma and hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were lowered by the SL-1063 supplement compared to the control group. Accordingly, the current results suggest that SL-1063, a synthetic derivative of 3,4-di(OH)-cinnamate, is effective in lowering the plasma lipids and improving the antioxidant enzyme system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, 702-701 Daegu, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jin
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sangku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae-Sook
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Song-Hae
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bok
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yong Bok
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Myung-Sook
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C500596:3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (phenylalanine methyl ester) amide; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D010649:Phenylalanine; D002784:Cholesterol; D008148:Lovastatin; D006903:Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D002785:Sterol O-Acyltransferase