title: Alkalibacterium psychrotolerans sp. nov., a psychrotolerant obligate alkaliphile that reduces an indigo dye.
abstract: A psychrotolerant, obligately alkaliphilic bacterium, IDR2-2(T), which is able to reduce indigo dye was isolated from a fermented polygonum indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) produced in Date, Hokkaido, using a traditional Japanese method. The isolate grew at pH 9-12 but not at pH 7-8. It was a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, straight rod-shaped bacterium with peritrichous flagella. The isolate grew in 0-17 % (w/v) NaCl but not at NaCl concentrations higher than 18 % (w/v). Its major cellular fatty acids were C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(16 : 1)9c and C(18 : 1)9c, and its DNA G+C content was 40.6 mol%. dl-lactic acid was the major end-product from d-glucose. No quinones could be detected. The peptidoglycan type was A4beta, Orn-d-Glu. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that strain IDR2-2(T) is a member of the genus Alkalibacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed low relatedness (less than 25 %) between the isolate and two phylogenetically related strains, Alkalibacterium olivapovliticus and Marinilactibacillus psychrotolerans. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as a novel species, for which the name Alkalibacterium psychrotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IDR2-2(T) (=JCM 12281(T)=NCIMB 13981(T)).
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.|Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan.
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yumoto
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan.
authors.forename: Kikue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, School of Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nodasaka
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan.
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005285:Fermentation; D005407:Flagella; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D005840:Gentian Violet; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism*; D007564:Japan; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010619:Phenazines; D010802:Phylogeny; D028502:Polygonum / Q000382:microbiology*; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; C035863:Gram's stain; D007211:Indoles; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D010619:Phenazines; D011809:Quinones; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D005947:Glucose; D005840:Gentian Violet