title: [Urologic damage of the primary antiphospholipid syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a review and update of the antiphospholipid syndrome summarizing its urological presentations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A complete bibliographic search was performed through PubMed MEDLINE and articles were reviewed with special attention to those bibliographic references about urological presentations. We document the unique and unpublished case of a patient with neurogenic bladder secondary to antiphospholipid syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antiphospholipid syndrome is an acquired autoimmune systemic disease generating a permanent hypercoagulability status with recurrent multiorgan thrombotic events due to circulating antiphospholipid antibodies. It may be secondary to a heterogeneous group of diseases (mainly lupus) and drugs, or primary if it appears isolated without any demonstrable systemic disease or concomitant medication. It is mainly characterized by venous or arterial recurrent thrombosis, recurrent abortion, thrombocytopenia, and circulating antiphospholipid auto-antibodies. Treatment with anticoagulants and correction of the hypercoagulable status contributing factors, arterial or venous thrombosis, and vascular risk aim to avoid new thrombosis episodes. Genitourynary system may be affected in any of its parts, generally by arterial or venous thrombosis. Kidney is the most frequently affected organ, in addition to transplanted kidney grafts, adrenal glands, bladder and testicles. There is a relationship between antiphospholipid syndrome and infertility. For the first time, we describe bladder involvement presenting as hyperreflexic neurogenic bladder with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia after spontaneous spinal cord thrombosis in an asymptomatic adolescent with primary antiphospholipid syndrome which was unknown before.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Juan Canalejo, La Coruña, España. efrosado@ozu.es
authors.forename: Enrique
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández Rosado
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez Rodríguez-Losada
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alvarez Castelo
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanco Diez
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbagelata López
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ponce Diaz-Reixa
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruibal Moldes
authors.forename: Serafin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Novas Castro
authors.forename: Venancio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chantada Abal
authors.forename: Marcelino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González Martín
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology; D000293:Adolescent; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010879:Piperazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011687:Purines; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D013450:Sulfones; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000209:etiology; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate