title: Hereditary optic neuropathies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide a clinical update on the hereditary optic neuropathies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hereditary optic neuropathies comprise a group of disorders in which the cause of optic nerve dysfunction appears to be hereditable, based on familial expression or genetic analysis. In some hereditary optic neuropathies, optic nerve dysfunction is typically the only manifestation of the disease. In others, various neurologic and systemic abnormalities are regularly observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common hereditary optic neuropathies are autosomal dominant optic atrophy (Kjer's disease) and maternally inherited Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. We review the clinical phenotypes of these and other inherited disorders with optic nerve involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30022, USA. opthnjn@emory.edu
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Biousse
mesh_terms: D004402:Dysautonomia, Familial / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005621:Friedreich Ataxia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009136:Muscular Dystrophies / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D015418:Optic Atrophies, Hereditary / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D029241:Optic Atrophy, Autosomal Dominant / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D029242:Optic Atrophy, Hereditary, Leber / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D010375:Pedigree; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology