title: Genomic organization of the mouse Msh4 gene producing bicistronic, chimeric and antisense mRNA.
abstract: By degenerate PCR and screening of mouse testis cDNA library, we have identified seven cDNAs from the meiotic recombination gene Msh4. Variant alpha and probably beta are likely involved in meiotic DNA recombination. Other variants have distinctive structures; variant epsilon, theta; and iota form a bicistronic operon, while variant delta contains antisense RNA for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperon Hspa5 gene and small open reading frame (ORF) identical to epsilon ORF2. Analysis of the exon-intron structures revealed unusual genomic organizations: the first three exons of delta and the first exon of epsilon are respectively mapped to the Hspa5 locus on chromosome 2 and the Pcbp3 locus on chromosome 10; the remaining exons of both variants are mapped to the Msh4 locus on chromosome 3. The first exon of variant beta is located on chromosome 16, while the others are located on chromosome 3. Synthesis of these mRNAs is assumed to require interchromosomal trans-splicing alone (beta and epsilon) or in combination with converse-splicing (delta). Most Msh4 variant mRNAs are mainly expressed in testis, but a small amount of each variant except for epsilon is also expressed in brain, heart, thymus, ovary and embryonic head. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) fusion experiments showed that all the ORFs are translated, and most of those proteins are localized to a particular subcellular compartment. It also appeared that expression of variant delta induces cell death. This study suggests that the dynamic interchromosomal (intergenic) trans-splicing generates functional diversity of the mouse Msh4 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 1-37-1 Kami-ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan. mhirano@hubitgenomix.com
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D016923:Cell Death / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005796:Genes / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; C000717248:Hspa5 protein, mouse; C409221:MSH4 protein, human; C502328:Msh4 protein, mouse; D011506:Proteins; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins