title: Solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene in mixed anionic-nonionic surfactant solutions.
abstract: The effects of mixed anionic-nonionic surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mixed with Tween80 (TW80), Triton X-100 (TX100) and Brij35 respectively on the solubility enhancement and biodegradation of phenanthrene in the aqueous phase were investigated. The efficiency of solubilization and biodegradation of phenanthrene in single-, and mixed-surfactant solutions were also compared. The critical micellar concentrations (CMCs) of mixed surfactants were sharply lower than that of sole SDS. The degree of solubility enhancements by the mixed surfactants followed the order of SDS-TW80>SDS-Brij35>SDS-TX100. Synergistic solubilization was observed in the mixed surfactant solutions, in which the molar ratios of SDS to nonionic surfactant were 1:0, 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9 and 0:1 while the total concentration of surfactants was kept at 5.0 and 10.0 mM, respectively. SDS-Brij35 exhibited more significant degree of synergistic solubility enhancement for phenanthrene. The mixed surfactants exhibited no inhibitory effect on biodegradation of phenanthrene. Substantial amounts of the solubilized phenanthrene by mixed surfactants were completely degraded by phenanthrene-degrading microorganisms within 96 h. The results suggested that anionic-nonionic surfactants would improve the performance of remediation of PAH-contaminated soils.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Xixi Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, China.
authors.forename: Baowei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Lizhong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Baoliang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008823:Micelles; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008823:Micelles; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011136:Polysorbates; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D000077423:Polidocanol; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C031181:phenanthrene; D017830:Octoxynol