title: Effect of supplemental manganese on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing swine.
abstract: Three hundred sixteen crossbred pigs were used in two experiments to determine the effect of supplemental manganese source and dietary inclusion level during the growing-finishing period on performance and pork carcass characteristics. All pigs were blocked by weight, and treatments were assigned randomly to pens within blocks. In Exp. 1, a total of 20 pens (five pigs/pen) was randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments consisting of control grower and finisher diets, or control diets supplemented with either 350 or 700 ppm (as-fed basis) Mn either from MnSO4 or a Mn AA complex (MnAA). In Exp. 2, a total of 36 pens (six pigs per pen) was assigned randomly to one of six dietary treatments formulated with 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, or 320 ppm (as-fed basis) Mn from MnAA. Pigs were slaughtered when the lightest block averaged 120.0 kg (Exp. 1) or at a mean BW of 106.8 kg (Exp. 2). Neither ADG nor ADFI was affected (P > 0.21) by Mn source or high inclusion level (Exp. 1); however, across the entire feeding trial, pigs consuming 320 ppm Mn from MnAA were more (P < 0.04) efficient than pigs fed diets formulated with 20 to 160 ppm Mn from MnAA (Exp. 2). Color scores did not differ (P > 0.79) at the low inclusion (20 to 320 ppm Mn) levels used in Exp. 2; however, in Exp. 1, the LM from pigs fed Mn tended to receive higher (P = 0.10) American color scores than that of pigs fed the control diet, and Japanese color scores were higher for the LM from pigs fed diets containing 350 ppm Mn from MnAA than 350 Mn from ppm MnSO4 or 700 ppm Mn from MnAA (source x inclusion level; P = 0.04; Exp. 2). Chops of pigs fed 350 ppm Mn from MnAA were darker than the LM of pigs fed 350 ppm Mn from MnSO4, and 700 ppm Mn from MnAA diets (source x inclusion level; P = 0.03; Exp. 1), but L* values were not (P = 0.76) affected by lower MnAA inclusion levels (Exp. 2). Even though the LM tended to became redder as dietary MnAA inclusion level increased from 20 to 320 ppm Mn (linear effect; P < 0.10), a* values were not (P = 0.71) altered by including 350 or 700 ppm Mn (Exp. 1). Chops of pigs fed MnAA had lower cooking losses (P = 0.01) and shear force values (P = 0.07) after 2 d of aging than did chops from pigs fed diets formulated with MnSO4. Results from these experiments indicate that feeding 320 to 350 ppm Mn from MnAA during the growing-finishing period may enhance pork quality without adversely affecting pig performance or carcass composition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. japple@uark.edu
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Apple
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Maxwell
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Boger
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fakler
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Friesen
authors.forename: Z B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D008345:Manganese