Evaluation of hyaluronan from different sources: Streptococcus zooepidemicus, rooster comb, bovine vitreous, and human umbilical cord.
Sodium hyaluronate (HA) is widely distributed in extracellular matrixes and can play a role in orchestrating cell function. Consequently, many investigators have looked at the effect of exogenous HA on cell behavior in vitro. HA can be isolated from several sources (e.g., bacterial, rooster comb, umbilical cord) and therefore can possess diverse impurities. This current study compares the measured impurities and the differences in biological activity between HA preparations from these sources. It was demonstrated that nucleic acid and protein content was highest in human umbilical cord and bovine vitreous HA and was low in bacterial and rooster comb HA. Macrophages exposed to human umbilical cord HA produced significantly higher amounts of TNF-alpha relative to control or bacterial-derived HA. These results indicate that the source of HA should be considered due to differences in the amounts and types of contaminants that could lead to widely different behaviors in vitro and in vivo.
Shiedlin
Aviva
A
Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. Aviva.Shiedlin@Genzyme.com
Bigelow
Russell
R
Christopher
William
W
Arbabi
Saman
S
Yang
Laura
L
Maier
Ronald V
RV
Wainwright
Norman
N
Childs
Alice
A
Miller
Robert J
RJ
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003129:Comb and Wattles; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D009696:Nucleic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011208:Powders; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D018502:Streptococcus equi / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000378:metabolism*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism*
D004731:Endotoxins; D009696:Nucleic Acids; D011108:Polymers; D011208:Powders; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D012313:RNA; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid