title: Phylogeny, taxonomy and grouping of Trypanosoma rangeli isolates from man, triatomines and sylvatic mammals from widespread geographical origin based on SSU and ITS ribosomal sequences.
abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among Trypanosoma rangeli isolates from man, wild mammals and triatomine bugs from widespread geographical origin were inferred by comparison of the small subunit of ribosomal gene sequences. The phylogenetic trees indicated that the subgenus Herpetosoma is polyphyletic and strongly supported division of this group into two monophyletic lineages, one made up of T. rangeli, T. rangeli-like and allied species and other consisting of T. lewisi and related taxa. Based on phylogenetic analysis, morphology, behaviour in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts and epidemiology we propose: a) the validation of Herpetosoma as a taxon comprised only for species of group lewisi and the maintenance of T. lewisi as the type-species of this subgenus; b) the classification of T. rangeli, T. rangeli-like and allied species into a 'T. rangeli-clade' more closely related to Schizotrypanum than to T. lewisi or T. brucei. The phylogenetic tree disclosed at least 4 groups within the clade T. rangeli, all confirmed by polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer, thus conferring for the first time phylogenetic support to groups of T. rangeli and corroborating the high complexity of this taxon. Grouping was independent of their mammalian host-species and geographical origin, indicating that other factors are determining this segregation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: F Maia
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noyes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campaner
authors.forename: A C V
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Junqueira
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Coura
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Añez
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: M M G
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000469:parasitology; D001483:Base Sequence; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D008322:Mammals / Q000469:parasitology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D016053:RNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics*; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D014225:Triatominae / Q000469:parasitology*; D014345:Trypanosoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014350:Trypanosoma lewisi / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016053:RNA, Protozoan; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal