title: Cholecystokinin octapeptide: a potential growth factor for pancreatic beta cells in diabetic rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes is associated with the reduction of beta cell mass and activity. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is known to induce growth of the exocrine pancreas and to stimulate insulin secretion.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the possible role of CCK-octapeptide (CCK-8) in generating islet cell proliferation in type 1 and type 2 diabetic rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats, streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats and non-diabetic rats were subjected to CCK-8 (1, 2 and 4 microg/kg) or saline injections (for the control group), three times daily for 8 successive days.
  
  
  METHODS
  The islets of Langerhans were analyzed morphometrically; the beta-cell function was evaluated by an oral glucose tolerance test, and plasma basal glucose and insulin concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In type 1 diabetic rats, CCK-8 induced an increase in beta cell surface associated with a marked increase in the mitotic index; this effect appeared at a concentration of 1 microg/kg CCK-8 and was the highest at a concentration of 4 microg/kg CCK-8. In addition, pancreatic- and plasma-insulin concentrations increased while fasting blood glucose concentrations were reduced when compared to saline-treated rats but the glycemic response to an oral glucose challenge did not significantly improve. In type 2 diabetic rats and in non-diabetic rats, CCK-8 treatment did not significantly affect either the structure or the functional state of beta-cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CCK-8 could improve blood glucose concentrations in type 1 diabetic rats correlated with an increase in beta cell mass probably potentiated by the chronic hyperglycemic state.
authors.affiliation: European Center for Study of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuntz
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinget
authors.forename: Pinget
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Damgé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012844:Sincalide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D009536:Niacinamide; D013311:Streptozocin; D012844:Sincalide