title: Subinguinal microvaricocelectomy versus retroperitoneal varicocelectomy: comparative study of complications and surgical outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare and assess objectively the postoperative outcome parameters of both microsurgical subinguinal artery sparing and retroperitoneal high ligation techniques for varicocele in infertile men.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a prospective study that included 413 consecutive patients who presented with varicocele. Of the 413 patients, 304 underwent subinguinal varicocelectomy (group 1) and 109 patients underwent high ligation varicocelectomy (group 2). Subinguinal varicocelectomies were performed under local anesthesia, with intravenous propofol sedation administered as needed. The operating microscope (x10 to x16) was used to spare the arteries and lymphatics. High ligation was performed through a retroperitoneal approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients went home on the evening after surgery with minimal discomfort. No intraoperative complications occurred. The internal spermatic artery was identified in all microvaricocelectomy cases. No testicular atrophy occurred in either group. Five (1.6%) and seven (6.4%) hydroceles were identified at the 3-month postoperative visit in groups 1 and 2, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microvaricocelectomy is safe and effective and associated with a rapid recovery and minimal morbidity. However, it requires microsurgical training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Andrology, Cairo University Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ghanem
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Nashar
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shamloul
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000601:surgery*; D007264:Inguinal Canal; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000098:blood supply*; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013085:Spermatic Cord; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014646:Varicocele / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*