title: Optimization of ex vivo CT- and MR- imaging of atherosclerotic vessel wall changes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To optimize a methodology for ex vivo imaging of atherosclerotic vessel wall changes using multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) and multi-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  In phantom studies and studies on intact ex vivo porcine and human hearts, various filling mixtures of MDCT and MRI contrast agents have been evaluated, to enable filling and distension of the coronary arteries for optimal visualization of atherosclerotic vessel wall changes with both techniques. Various proportions of methyl cellulose, iodine-containing CT contrast agent and paramagnetic MR contrast agent containing iron-oxide particles have been tested. Imaging parameters have been optimized for high resolution plaque imaging using a four detector-row CT scanner and a 1.5 T MR system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phantom studies and studies on ex vivo porcine and human hearts demonstrated optimal proportion of methyl cellulose and CT contrast agent to be 98% vs. 2%, and 75% vs. 25% of methyl cellulose vs. MR contrast agent, respectively. These proportions provided optimal opacification of the vessel lumen in the MDCT images with 250 Hounsfield Units, and good signal suppression within the vessel lumen in the MR images, resembling in vivo imaging techniques. After retrospective matching with histopathology, atherosclerotic lesions of the human ex vivo specimens could be identified on MRI and MDCT images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using an optimized mixture of methyl cellulose, MDCT and MRI contrast agents, visualization of atherosclerotic vessel wall changes is feasible, and applicable to various ex vivo models.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Klinikum Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. Konstantin.Nikolaou@ikra.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Konstantin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nikolaou
authors.forename: Christoph R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flohr
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scheidler
authors.forename: Zahi A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Fayad
authors.forename: Maximilian F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reiser
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D013552:Swine; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media