title: Predominance of Saccharomyces uvarum during spontaneous alcoholic fermentation, for three consecutive years, in an Alsatian winery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the origin of the yeasts involved in the spontaneous alcoholic fermentation of an Alsatian wine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During three successive years, must was collected at different stages of the winemaking process and fermented in the laboratory or in the cellar. Saccharomyces yeasts were sampled at the beginning and at the end of the fermentations. Saccharomyces cerevisiae clones were genetically characterized by inter-delta PCR. Non-S. cerevisiae clones were identified as Saccharomyces uvarum by PCR-RFLP on MET2 gene and characterized at the strain level by karyotyping. The composition of the Saccharomyces population in the vineyard, after crushing and in the vat was analyzed. This led to three main results. First, the vineyard Saccharomyces population was rather homogeneous. Second, new non-resident strains had appeared in the must during the winemaking process. Finally, the yeast population in the vat only consisted in S. uvarum strains.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This 3-year study has enabled us to show the involvement of indigenous S. uvarum in the alcoholic fermentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study gives a first insight into the polymorphism of S. uvarum strains involved in a spontaneous alcoholic fermentation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Vigne Biotechnologie et Environnement de l'Université de Haute-Alsace, Colmar, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demuyter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lollier
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Legras
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Jeune
mesh_terms: D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D005285:Fermentation; D019649:Food Industry; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005602:France; D005800:Genes, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D007621:Karyotyping; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*