title: An active transposable element, Herves, from the African malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
abstract: Transposable elements have proven to be invaluable tools for genetically manipulating a wide variety of plants, animals, and microbes. Some have suggested that they could be used to spread desirable genes, such as refractoriness to Plasmodium infection, through target populations of Anopheles gambiae, thereby disabling the mosquito's ability to transmit malaria. To achieve this, a transposon must remain mobile and intact after the initial introduction into the genome. Endogenous, active class II transposable elements from An. gambiae have not been exploited as gene vectors/drivers because none have been isolated. We report the discovery of an active class II transposable element, Herves, from the mosquito An. gambiae. Herves is a member of a distinct subfamily of hAT elements that includes the hopper-we element from Bactrocera dorsalis and B. cucurbitae. Herves was transpositionally active in mobility assays performed in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells and developing embryos and was used as a germ-line transformation vector in D. melanogaster. Herves displays an altered target-site preference from the distantly related hAT elements, Hermes and hobo. Herves is also present in An. arabiensis and An. merus with copy numbers similar to that found in An. gambiae. Preliminary data from an East African population are consistent with the element being transpositionally active in mosquitoes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0314, USA.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arensburger
authors.forename: Yu-Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jamison
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orsetti
authors.forename: Channa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aluvihare
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: O'Brochta
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Atkinson
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D018628:Gene Dosage; D017344:Genes, Insect; D016678:Genome; D008288:Malaria / Q000635:transmission*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010802:Phylogeny; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements