title: Annular pancreas in children: a recent decade's experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Annular pancreas is a recognized cause of duodenal obstruction in children. The authors sought to characterize the clinical, radiologic, and prognostic findings in this disorder through a 10-year review of all patients with annular pancreas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of all annular pancreas cases identified between 1993 and 2002 at 2 tertiary pediatric surgical centers was completed. Factors analyzed included patient demographics, presenting symptoms, associated anomalies, radiologic findings, operation performed, postoperative outcomes, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients were identified. Four patients (25%) were premature. Twelve patients (75%) presented during the first week of life and the remainder within the first year. All patients presented with vomiting, which was nonbilious in 15 (94%). Five patients (31 %) had chromosomal anomalies, and 6 (38%) had other major congenital malformations. Eleven patients (69%) presented with partial duodenal obstruction. Operations performed were duodenoduodenostomy in 14 (88%), duodenojejunostomy in 1 (6%), and Ladd's procedure in 1 (6%). Enteral feedings were started, and full enteral feeding was achieved at an average of 8.4 days and 15.9 days after operation, respectively. All patients survived and were discharged after an average hospitalization of 24.0 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with annular pancreas have preampullary duodenal obstruction, which is more commonly partial. Duodenoduodenostomy is the appropriate treatment. Prognosis is excellent, despite the frequent association with chromosomal anomalies and major congenital malformations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of California, Irvine Medical Center, Orange, CA 92868-3298, USA.
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emil
authors.forename: Yale
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Podnos
authors.forename: Nam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nguyen
mesh_terms: D004380:Duodenal Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010179:Pancreas / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies