title: Improving risk disclosure during the consent process.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide guidance about the risks which should be disclosed to patients and documented during the consent process.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Delphi Consensus Technique was used to decide what constitutes mandatory risk disclosure for three index procedures. Documentation of risk on consent forms was audited and compared to these locally agreed standards. A four stage strategy for change was undertaken following which practice was reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean mandatory risk documentation rose from 61.2% (95% CI: 58.1-64.4) pre-intervention, to 78.1% (95% CI: 72.6-83.6) post-intervention (ccc2; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although we demonstrated some benefit from this simple approach, the need for pragmatic means of achieving and sustaining complete discussion and documentation of risks across all surgical interventions based on universally accepted standards remains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK.
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Finlay
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008485:Medical Audit; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000592:standards*