title: Dietary supplementation with apple juice concentrate alleviates the compensatory increase in glutathione synthase transcription and activity that accompanies dietary- and genetically-induced oxidative stress.
abstract: Increased oxidative stress, which can arise from dietary, environmental and/or genetic sources, contributes to the decline in cognitive performance during normal aging and in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. Supplementation with fruits and vegetables that are high in antioxidant potential can compensate for dietary and/or genetic deficiencies that promote increased oxidative stress. We have recently demonstrated that apple juice concentrate (AJC) prevents the increase in oxidative damage to brain tissue and decline in cognitive performance observed when transgenic mice lacking apolipoprotein E (ApoE-/-) are maintained on a vitamin-deficient diet and challenged with excess iron (included in the diet as a pro-oxidant). However, the mechanism by which AJC provided neuroprotection was not conclusively determined. Herein, we demonstrate that supplementation with AJC also prevents the compensatory increases in glutathione synthase transcription and activity that otherwise accompany maintenance of ApoE-/- mice on this vitamin-free diet in the presence of iron. Inclusion of the equivalent composition and concentration of sugars of AJC did not prevent these increases. These findings provide further evidence that the antioxidant potential of AJC can compensate for dietary and genetic deficiencies that otherwise promote neurodegeneration.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cellular Neurobiology and Neurodegeneration Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tchantchou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Shea
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency; D001628:Beverages; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D005981:Glutathione Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D027845:Malus; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D005981:Glutathione Synthase