title: Healing of oral lichenoid lesions after replacing amalgam restorations: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to systematically review the literature related to oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) and amalgam restorations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort and case-controlled studies (no randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials available) were reviewed with respect to inclusion criteria and data on patients with OLLs, treatment interventions, and the measurement of outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen cohort and 5 case-controlled trials met the criteria. The study population consisted of 1158 patients (27% male and 73% female; age range, 23-79 years). From 16% to 91% of patients had positive patch test results for at least 1 mercury compound. Of 1158 patients, 636 had to have their restorations replaced. The follow-up period ranged from 2 months to 9 1/2 years. Complete healing ranged from 37.5% to 100%. The greatest improvements were seen in lesions in close contact with amalgam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protocols must be standardized to obtain valid results. The replacement of amalgam restorations can result in the resolution or improvement of OLLs. Patch testing seems to be of limited value. The topographic relationship between an OLL and an amalgam restoration is a useful--but not conclusive--marker.
authors.affiliation: University Dental Hospital of Manchester, England, UK.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Brunton
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Glenny
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Duxbury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003723:Dental Amalgam / Q000009:adverse effects; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017676:Lichen Planus, Oral / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D017512:Lichenoid Eruptions / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D017669:Mercury Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D010328:Patch Tests; D019233:Retreatment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017669:Mercury Compounds; D003723:Dental Amalgam