title: Topiramate is an insulin-sensitizing compound in vivo with direct effects on adipocytes in female ZDF rats.
abstract: We have studied the in vivo and in vitro effects of Topiramate (TPM) in female Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. After weight matching, drug treatment had a marked effect to lower fasting glucose levels of relatively normoglycemic animals as well as during an oral glucose tolerance test. The glucose clamp studies revealed a approximately 30% increased glucose disposal, increased hepatic glucose output (HGO) suppression from approximately 30 to 60%, and an increased free fatty acid suppression from 40 to 75%. Therefore, TPM treatment led to enhanced insulin sensitivity at the level of tissue glucose disposal (increased ISGDR), liver (increased inhibition of HGO), and adipose tissue (enhanced suppression of lipolysis). When soleus muscle strips of control or TPM-treated ZDF rats were studied ex vivo, insulin-stimulated glucose transport was not enhanced in the drug-treated animals. In contrast, when isolated adipocytes were studied ex vivo, a marked increase (+55%) in insulin-stimulated glucose transport was observed. In vitro treatment of muscle strips and rat adipocytes showed no effect on glucose transport in muscle with a 40% increase in insulin-stimulated adipocyte glucose transport. In conclusion, 1) TPM treatment leads to a decrease in plasma glucose and increased in vivo insulin sensitivity; 2) insulin sensitization was observed in adipocytes, but not muscle, when tissues were studied ex vivo or in vitro; and 3) TPM directly enhances insulin action in insulin-resistant adipose cells in vitro. Thus the in vivo effects of TPM treatment appear to be exerted through adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA. wilkesjason@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wilkes
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Melville
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: Keith T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Demarest
authors.forename: Jerrold M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Olefsky
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D052242:Adiponectin; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010053:Ovary / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D000077236:Topiramate
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose; D003847:Deoxyglucose; D005947:Glucose