title: The validity and reliability of the Perometer in evaluating human knee volume.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate knee swelling evaluation is important in monitoring the progress of a patient's condition and rehabilitation. Water volumetry is the current gold standard of volume assessment but can be time consuming and unsuitable for assessing patients with open wounds. No previous study has reported the potential use of an optoelectronic device in assessing knee volume.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate an optoelectronic device, the Perometer in knee volume assessment in uninjured subjects and compare it to the current gold standard of volume assessment - water displacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral knee measurements were measured in 20 uninjured individuals with both methods on two separate days using a one-way repeated measures design. A cylindrical object was also measured 10 times with both tools.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mathematically calculated volume of the cylinder was 1568 ml. The mean volume obtained by the Perometer was 1602 and 1620 ml by the volumeter. This represented an over-estimation of the true volume of 2.2% by the Perometer and 3.4% by the volumeter. A high correlation was found for repeated measures of knee volumes with both methods (r = 0.94, P<0.01). Limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated to assess the amount of agreement between the two methods and these ranged from -130 to 207 ml indicating a low degree of agreement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that the Perometer is as reliable as the knee volumeter in assessing knee volume. However, the wide LOA suggest the two methods should not be used interchangeably.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Biomedical Research, GKT School of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Street, London SE1 1UL, UK.
authors.forename: Ivy O W
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: Kate L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Markland
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Morrissey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001834:Body Water / Q000502:physiology*; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007717:Knee / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size / Q000502:physiology; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity