title: Additional repression of activity-dependent c-fos and BDNF mRNA expression by lipophilic compounds accompanying a decrease in Ca2+ influx into neurons.
abstract: Recently, it has been proposed that a variety of environmental disruptors (EDs) disturb the neonatal development of the brain in mammals because of their lipophilic characteristics. Therefore, the synergism of these lipophilic compounds is important when evaluating the risk from EDs. In mouse cerebellar granule cells (CGCs), the activity-dependent expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is activated through an influx of calcium ions (Ca2+) into CGCs caused by membrane depolarization, which is involved in the activity-dependent development of not only the cerebellum but also other regions of the brain after birth. In our previous study, we reported that permethrin and some other pyrethroid insecticides, which are suspected of being EDs, repressed the induction of c-fos and BDNF mRNA expression, accompanying a reduction of Ca2+ influx at doses non-toxic to CGCs. In the present study, we investigated whether other lipophilic compounds influenced the Ca2+ signal-induced expression of both genes as permethrin did and, if so, whether these effects were synergistic or additional. Pretreatment with p,p'-DDT, diethylstilbestrol (DES) or bisphenol A dose-dependently repressed the induction of both genes as well as the increase in the uptake of Ca2+ by CGCs. Simultaneous exposure of CGCs with permethrin, p,p'-DDT and DES, in addition, revealed an additional repression on the induction of the genes and the Ca2+ uptake. These results suggest that toxic effects of EDs might, at least additionally, occur in the brain even if the concentration of each compound is lower than the effective dose for humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurashina
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawahira
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omoteno
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology; D003634:DDT / Q000494:pharmacology; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000494:pharmacology; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D026023:Permethrin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D002118:Calcium; D003634:DDT; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D004054:Diethylstilbestrol; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D007306:Insecticides; D008055:Lipids; D026023:Permethrin; D010636:Phenols; D011188:Potassium; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds