title: Pituitary-ovarian function following the standard levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive dose or a single 0.75-mg dose given on the days preceding ovulation.
abstract: We assessed to what extent the standard dose of levonorgestrel (LNG), used for emergency contraception, or a single dose (half dose), given in the follicular phase, affects the ovulatory process during the ensuing 5-day period. Fifty-eight women were divided into three groups according to timing of treatment. Each woman contributed with three treatment cycles separated by resting cycles. All received placebo in one cycle, and standard or single dose in two other cycles, in a randomized order. The diameter of the dominant follicle determined the time of treatment. Each woman had the same diameter assigned for all her treatments. Diameters were grouped into 33 categories: 12-14, 15-17 or 18-20 mm. Follicular rupture failed to occur during the 5-day period in 44%, 50% and 36% of cycles with the standard, half dose and placebo, respectively. Ovulatory dysfunction, characterized by follicular rupture associated with absent, blunted or mistimed gonadotropin surge, occurred in 35%, 36% and 5% of standard, single dose or placebo cycles, respectively. In conclusion, LNG can disrupt the ovulatory process in 93% of cycles treated when the diameter of the dominant follicle is between 12 and 17 mm. It is highly probable that this mode of action fully accounts for the contraceptive efficacy as well as the failure rate of this method. The present data suggest that half the dose may be as effective as the standard dose.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Chileno de Medicina Reproductiva, J. V. Lastarria 29, Department 101, Santiago, Chile. hbcroxatto@icmer.org
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Croxatto
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brache
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pavez
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cochon
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Forcelledo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Massai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faundes
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Salvatierra
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002677:Chile; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003283:Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004293:Dominican Republic; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D003283:Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone