title: Separation and determination of synthetic impurities of difloxacin by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
abstract: A simple and rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for separation and determination of process-related impurities of difloxacin (DFL) was developed. The separation was achieved on a reversed-phase C(18) column using methanol-water-acetic acid (78:21.9:0.1, v/v/v) as a mobile solvent at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min at 28 degrees C using UV detection at 230 nm. It was linear over a range of 0.03 x 10(-6) to 1.60 x 10(-6)g for process related impurities and 0.05 x 10(-6) to 2.40 x 10(-6)g for difloxacin. The detection limits were 0.009 x 10(-6) to 0.024 x 10(-6)g for all the compounds examined. The recoveries were found to be in the range of 97.6-102.0% for impurities as well as difloxacin. The precision and robustness of the method were evaluated. It was used for not only quality assurance, but also monitoring the synthetic reactions involved in the process development work of difloxacin. The method was found to be specific, precise and reliable for the determination of unreacted levels of raw materials, intermediates in the reaction mixtures and the finished products of difloxacin.
authors.affiliation: Analytical Chemistry Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad-500007, India. rnro55@yahoo.com
authors.forename: R Nageswara
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nagaraju
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D004340:Drug Contamination; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000138:chemical synthesis*
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; C047225:difloxacin