title: Activity of spinosad on stored-tobacco insects and persistence on cured tobacco stripst.
abstract: Every year raw tobacco and manufactured tobacco products are lost to two major storage pests, the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F) and the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella (Hiibner). Post-harvest management of both insects is achieved through sanitation, insect monitoring and fumigation with phosphine. However, insect resistance to phosphine and control failures have been reported, and fumigants are under constant regulatory pressure. Here we report the evaluation of spinosad, a bioinsecticide derived from the fermentation of the soil micro-organism Saccharopolyspora spinosa Mertz & Yao. Spinosad was first registered in 1997 and is now widely used as a field pest control agent on many crops, including tobacco. The insecticidal activity of the fermentation product (technical spinosad, TS) was measured by diet incorporation assays against L serricorne and E elutella larvae. Mortality levels were determined on newly hatched larvae and over the whole insect life cycle. For both species, no emergence of adult insects was observed in cured tobacco sprayed with 50mg TS kg(-1) and inoculated with eggs or newly hatched larvae. These results indicated that spinosad has potential for the control of both species in stored tobacco, since 100% control of both pests could be achieved at 50 mg TS kg(-1), and with almost full control (90-95%) at 10 mg kg(-1). We also monitored the stability of the product on cured tobacco. The original concentration of the main active component of TS, spinosyn A, did not change significantly over 18 months, indicating no loss of spinosad during a typical leaf storage period of time. Bioassays against larvae confirmed that the bioinsecticidal activity of spinosad was retained.
authors.affiliation: Philip Morris International R&D, c/o Philip Morris Products SA, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Michel.Blanc@pmintl.com
authors.forename: Michel P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Panighini
authors.forename: Ferruccio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gadani
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000187:drug effects*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007305:Insecticide Resistance; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008018:Life Cycle Stages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009036:Moths / Q000187:drug effects*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007306:Insecticides; D018942:Macrolides; C415329:spinosad