title: [Intraoperative endosonographic guided resection of tongue carcinoma].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exact estimation of a tumor's size and the definition of adequate resection margins in carcinomas of the tongue are often difficult because of the tumor's extension and deep infiltration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have developed a method that allows intraoperative visualisation and marking of tumor margins. Intra-operative endosonography was performed on nine patients with carcinomas of the tongue using a 8-12 MHz linear array transducer. The oral cavity was flooded with normal saline solution and the transducer was immersed therein. This allowed scanning in a non-contact mode. The tumor margins were marked with a surgical suture under endosonographic monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the nine patients studied, the histological margins corresponded to the sonographic margins. The sonographic marking proved to be useful during the resection of the tumor and histological safety margins were respected in each case.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This non-invasive procedure provides a quick and reliable orientation during the resection of tongue carcinoma, and a more precise and individual definition of resection margins is possible. Intraoperative non-contact use of endosonography is a promising method.
authors.affiliation: Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Klinik, Universität Heidelberg. Matthias.Helbig@kgu.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Helbig
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Helmke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flechtenmacher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hansmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: A-J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tasman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014059:Tongue / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*