title: 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is down-regulated in colorectal cancer.
abstract: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) can stimulate tumor progression by modulating several proneoplastic pathways, including proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Although steady-state tissue levels of PGE2 stem from relative rates of biosynthesis and breakdown, most reports examining PGE2 have focused solely on the cyclooxygenase-dependent formation of this bioactive lipid. Enzymatic degradation of PGE2 involves the NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). The present study examined a range of normal tissues in the human and mouse and found high levels of 15-PGDH in the large intestine. By contrast, the expression of 15-PGDH is decreased in several colorectal carcinoma cell lines and in other human malignancies such as breast and lung carcinomas. Consistent with these findings, we observe diminished 15-Pgdh expression in ApcMin+/- mouse adenomas. Enzymatic activity of 15-PGDH correlates with expression levels and the genetic disruption of 15-Pgdh completely blocks production of the urinary PGE2 metabolite. Finally, 15-PGDH expression and activity are significantly down-regulated in human colorectal carcinomas relative to matched normal tissue. In summary, these results suggest a novel tumor suppressive role for 15-PGDH due to loss of expression during colorectal tumor progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6838, USA.
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Backlund
authors.forename: Jason R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Vijaykumar R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Holla
authors.forename: F Gregory
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Hsin-Hsiung
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Erik S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Musiek
authors.forename: Ginger L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Milne
authors.forename: Sharada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katkuri
authors.forename: Raymond N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: DuBois
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003106:Colon / Q000201:enzymology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; C035859:15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone