title: Risk of deep vein thrombosis: interaction between oral contraceptives and high factor VIII levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High levels of factor VIII are a common risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible interaction between the presence of high factor VIII levels and oral contraceptive (OC) use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Factor VIII levels were measured by a chromogenic assay in 174 women who suffered from VTE in reproductive age and in 484 healthy women. Subjects carrying thrombophilic alterations were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor VIII levels were stratified into quartiles. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of VTE in subjects with factor VIII levels in the upper quartile (>1.95 IU/mL) was 7.45 (95%CI: 3.80-14.6). Among the 174 patients, 85 had experienced VTE during OC use. The 179 healthy women who had used OC for at least 6 months in the two years before presentation but had stopped OC at least 3 months before the blood sampling were considered as OC users. The risk of VTE among OC users with factor VIII levels in the upper quartile was increased about 13-fold (OR: 13.0, 95% CI: 4.92-34.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results showed that there is an increased risk of VTE due to oral contraceptive use in women with elevated factor VIII and, as has been previously described for factor V Leiden and G20210A prothrombin mutations, the raised level of the coagulation factor and oral contraceptive use seem to have a synergistic effect.
authors.affiliation: Dept. Angiology & Blood Coagulation Marino Golinelli, University Hospital S. Orsola-Malpighi, via Massarenti, 9 40138 Bologna, Italy. legnani@orsola-malpighi.med.unibo.it
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Legnani
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cini
authors.forename: Benilde
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cosmi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poggi
authors.forename: Ottavio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Boggian
authors.forename: Gualtiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palareti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D005169:Factor VIII