title: Longitudinal risk of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, HSV type 2, and cytomegalovirus infections among young adolescent girls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cross-sectional seroprevalence studies indicate that infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are common. However, data on the rates of acquisition of these infections are limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 3-year longitudinal study of HSV-1, HSV-2, and CMV seroprevalence was conducted in a cohort of 174 adolescent girls (age at enrollment, 12-15 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At study entry, 41% of the girls reported a history of sexual activity, and by the end of the study, 73% reported a history of sexual activity. At enrollment, 71% of all participants were seropositive for CMV, 44% were seropositive for HSV-1, and 7% were seropositive for HSV-2. By the end of the study, 81% of the girls were seropositive for CMV, 49% were seropositive for HSV-1, and 14% were seropositive for HSV-2. Among girls with a history of sexual activity, 15.5% were HSV-2 seropositive at the beginning of the study, and 18.9% were HSV-2 seropositive at the end of the study. The attack rates, based on the number of cases per 100 person-years, were 13.8 for CMV infection and 3.2 for HSV-1 infection (among all girls) and 4.4 for HSV-2 infection (among girls with a history of sexual activity). Participants with preexisting HSV-1 antibodies were associated with a significantly lower attack rate for HSV-2 infection. A generalized estimating equation model indicated that participants with a longer history of sexual activity and those who had more sexually transmitted diseases during the 6-month periods before the study visits were more likely to be HSV-2 seropositive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This longitudinal study of adolescent girls found high baseline CMV and HSV-1 seroprevalence rates and substantial attack rates for all 3 pathogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. l.stanberry@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Lawrence R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Stanberry
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Succop
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Biro
authors.forename: Rhoda Ashley
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Bernstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006558:Herpes Genitalis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human; D018258:Herpesvirus 2, Human; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014505:Urban Population