title: A method to create reference maps for evaluation of ultrasound images of carotid atherosclerotic plaque.
abstract: Ten formalin-fixed atherosclerotic carotid plaques removed by endarterectomy were molded into rectangular agar blocks containing fiducial markers on the top surface. Plaque and fiducial markers were imaged with 3-D multiangle ultrasound (US) spatial compounding as well as planar X ray. Subsequently, the blocks were decalcified, sliced, photographed and analyzed histologically. This gave a total of 123 slices. The plaque regions of the photographs were outlined and the outline adjusted to partly compensate for occasional displacement during slicing. Inside this outline, the material constitutions were found by incorporating the histologic information. From this set, slices with 1. too much tissue displacement due to cutting or 2. lack of identification of calcification as found by x ray, were removed. This resulted in 53 reference maps. The material types identified covered soft tissues, fibrous tissue, calcified tissue and unidentified tissues. The 53 reference maps can be used for direct automated quantitative comparison with US images.
authors.affiliation: Center for Arteriosclerosis Detection with Ultrasound (CADUS), Ørsted.DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark. jw@oersted.dtu.dk
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wilhjelm
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gammelmark
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sahl
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Martinsen
authors.forename: J U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Jespersen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Fredfeldt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sillesen
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D010781:Photography / Q000379:methods; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography