title: Family communication about positive BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic test results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The identification of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic mutation can provide important health information to individuals who receive this result, but it can also provide crucial cancer risk information to family members. Most of the research on communication of genetic test results has focused on first degree relatives. The purpose of this retrospective study was to examine the process of communicating a positive BRCA1 or BRCA2 genetic test result to male and female first, second, and third degree relatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 38 female mutation carriers who responded to a written survey assessing the number and relationship of relatives informed, methods used to inform relatives, topics discussed, and motivations and barriers for communication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 59% (470/803) of first, second, and third degree relatives were informed. The proportion of informed parents, siblings, and offspring was nearly twice that of more distant relatives including nieces, nephews, aunts, uncles, grandchildren, and cousins (88% versus 45%; P = 0.02). The method of communication differed by the gender of the relative, as did some of the topics discussed. The most important reasons for discussing the genetic test results were (1) to inform the relatives of their risk, (2) to suggest that they be tested, and (3) to fulfill a perceived duty to inform. The major barrier to communication was little contact and/or emotionally distant relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female mutation carriers act on a perceived duty to inform close relatives of their positive test result; however, there is a need for genetic counseling strategies that address communication with more distant relatives.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Cancer Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Bobbi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McGivern
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Geoffrey G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Yager
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Baumiller
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hafertepen
authors.forename: Howard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Saal
mesh_terms: D003142:Communication; D003144:Communication Barriers; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D028681:Moral Obligations; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires