title: Gene polymorphisms of the mu opioid receptor in methamphetamine abusers.
abstract: In drug addiction, the opioid system is thought to mediate motivational effects through dopamine-independent mechanisms. We have investigated associations of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM) variations with methamphetamine (MAP) dependence/psychosis. The allelic frequency of A118G (Asn40Asp) in exon 1 of ORPM was 45.3% in our control subjects, but only 7.5-25.8% in the Caucasian or African-American population of previous studies. We have identified several novel polymorphisms in intron 1 and the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of OPRM. Polymorphisms in the functionally relevant 5' regulatory region of OPRM were different in our Japanese population from Caucasian or African-American populations. No significant differences between controls and MAP abusers were found in either genotype or allele frequency at any single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or (AC)n dinucleotide repeat in intron 1. A subdivision of our MAP group revealed that A118G of OPRM shows a significant association with MAP psychosis having latency less than three years. Further analysis should be capable of identifying associations between the OPRM variations and MAP dependence/psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Psychiatry, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Japan.
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ujike
authors.forename: Yoshimoto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: Mutsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harano
authors.forename: Tokutaro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komiyama
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyo
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sora
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008694:Methamphetamine; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017450:Receptors, Opioid, mu; D008694:Methamphetamine