title: A clock gene, period, plays a key role in long-term memory formation in Drosophila.
abstract: The cAMP-responsive transcription factor, CREB, is required for formation of long-term memory (LTM) in Drosophila melanogaster and regulates transcription of a circadian clock gene, period (per). Involvement of CREB both in LTM and circadian rhythm raises the possibility that per also plays a role in LTM. Assaying the experience-dependent courtship inhibition in male flies as a measure for LTM, we show here that per mutants are defective in LTM formation. This defect was rescued by induction of a wild-type per transgene in a per-null mutant, and overexpression of per enhanced LTM formation in the wild-type background. Furthermore, we found that synaptic transmission through per-expressing cells is most likely to be required during retrieval of LTM. In contrast, mutations in other clock genes (timeless, dClock, and cycle) did not affect LTM formation. Thus, independent of the core oscillator of circadian clock, per plays a key role in LTM formation.
authors.affiliation: Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan. takaomi-sakai@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Takaomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamoto
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kidokoro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D034281:Dynamins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015870:Gene Expression; D017344:Genes, Insect; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators
chemical_list: C102181:CrebB protein, Drosophila; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C539040:PER protein, Drosophila; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D034281:Dynamins; C439628:shi protein, Drosophila