title: Statistical evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of methods used to determine the progression of visual field defects in glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate trend-type analyses to judge the progression of visual field damage (VFD) of glaucoma in terms of ratios of making judgments of progression and specificity, and to report a new method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of visual field (VF) results of actual glaucoma cases and those simulated by computer, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of performance of methods to judge the progression of VFD.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred five eyes of 105 open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with progressing VFD and 355 eyes of 355 clinically stable OAG patients for VF simulation from 4 university-based referral practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methods using regression analysis of total deviation (TD), mean deviation (MD), mean TD of a sectored VF, and original scoring used in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS) were compared. A VF test was repeated twice in a short period on the 355 stable OAG eyes, and test-retest fluctuation, including variance at each test point and covariance between 2 test points, was calculated to simulate stable glaucomatous VF series by computer. The sensitivity of each method was calculated with 105 progressing VF series, and specificity was calculated with 10,000 simulated stable glaucomatous VF series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensitivity (ratios of making judgments of progression), specificity, and diagnostic power.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methods using the TD slope on one test location showed a sensitivity of 0.848 to 1.000, with a specificity of 0.105 to 0.721, and on 2 adjacent test locations showed a sensitivity of 0.848, with a specificity of 0.722. A significant negative MD slope with P<0.05 showed a sensitivity of 0.524, with a specificity of 0.945. The method using a sectored VF showed a sensitivity of 0.695, with a high specificity of 0.946. The AGIS method showed a sensitivity of 0.305 to 0.467, with a very high specificity of 0.999 to 1.000. The method using previously reported mathematically sectored VFs showed a sensitivity of 0.790, with a specificity of 0.900, and higher diagnostic power (1.69) than the others in this study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of the methods using the TD slope were characterized by high sensitivity, the AGIS method had a very high specificity, and those using VF sectors had reasonable sensitivity and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mayama
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araie
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitazawa
authors.forename: Motohiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirakashi
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukamoto
authors.forename: Hiromu K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014794:Visual Fields