title: Oligomerization triggers binding of a Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab pore-forming toxin to aminopeptidase N receptor leading to insertion into membrane microdomains.
abstract: Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxins, in contrast to other pore-forming toxins, bind two putative receptor molecules, aminopeptidase N (APN) and cadherin-like proteins. Here we show that Cry1Ab toxin binding to these two receptors depends on the toxins' oligomeric structure. Toxin monomeric structure binds to Bt-R1, a cadherin-like protein, that induces proteolytic processing and oligomerization of the toxin (Gomez, I., Sanchez, J., Miranda, R., Bravo A., Soberon, M., FEBS Lett. (2002) 513, 242-246), while the oligomeric structure binds APN, which drives the toxin into the detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) microdomains causing pore formation. Cleavage of APN by phospholipase C prevented the location of Cry1Ab oligomer and Bt-R1 in the DRM microdomains and also attenuates toxin insertion into membranes despite the presence of Bt-R1. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that initial Cry1Ab toxin binding to Bt-R1 is followed by binding to APN. Also, immunoprecipitation of Cry1Ab toxin-binding proteins using pure oligomeric or monomeric structures showed that APN was more efficiently detected in samples immunoprecipitated with the oligomeric structure, while Bt-R1 was preferentially detected in samples immunoprecipitated with the monomeric Cry1Ab. These data agrees with the 200-fold higher apparent affinity of the oligomer than that of the monomer to an APN enriched protein extract. Our data suggest that the two receptors interact sequentially with different structural species of the toxin leading to its efficient membrane insertion.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca 62250, Morelos, México. bravo@ibt.unam.mx
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conde
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz-Garay
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhuang
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soberón
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018826:CD13 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D015820:Cadherins; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D019281:Dimerization; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D018402:Manduca; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015820:Cadherins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis; D018826:CD13 Antigens