title: Effects of different nicotine replacement therapies on postcessation psychological responses.
abstract: Transdermal nicotine patch (TN) and nicotine nasal spray (NS) are both efficacious forms of smoking cessation treatment, but have different pharmacokinetic properties and modes of action. To understand better psychological responses to treatment, we investigated the effects of TN versus NS on positive affect, negative affect, and withdrawal symptoms during treatment. Participants were randomly assigned to receive TN (n=172) or NS (n=163) plus seven sessions of behavioral counseling, and completed self-report questionnaires at pretreatment and during treatment. TN participants, but not NS participants, reported significant increases in positive affect during treatment. Increases in negative affect and withdrawal were observed, independent of treatment. Only changes in negative affect predicted relapse by the end of the treatment phase. These findings indicate that, although TN may enhance positive affect for smokers in treatment compared with NS, only changes in negative affect predict treatment outcome.
authors.affiliation: Tobacco Use Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite 4100, Philadelphia, PA 19140-3309, USA. strasse3@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Strasser
authors.forename: Vyga
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jepson
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: Wallace B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Pickworth
authors.forename: E Paul
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Wileyto
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rukstalis
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Audrain-McGovern
authors.forename: Caryn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lerman
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine