title: Reduced sympathetic responsiveness as well as plasma and tissue noradrenaline concentration in growth hormone transgenic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acromegaly [overproduction of growth hormone (GH)] and GH deficiency have both been associated with alterations in autonomic nervous system function. The aim of this study was to investigate autonomic nervous system influence on heart rate (HR) in transgenic mice overexpressing bovine GH (bGH).
  
  
  METHODS
  HR and HR variability (HRV) were measured in conscious young (8-13 weeks) and old (5-6 months) female bGH and control mice using telemetry. HR control was studied using antagonists and an agonist of adrenergic and muscarinic receptors. Noradrenaline was measured in plasma, heart and kidney using high performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average 24 h resting HR did not differ between bGH and control mice. After saline injection and after muscarinic blockade with methylscopolamine HR increase was blunted (in old) or absent (in young) bGH mice compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Phenylephrine caused a baroreflex mediated decrease in HR from around 550 to 300-350 beats min(-1), not different between bGH and control mice. Time- and frequency-domain measures of HRV were reduced in old bGH compared with control mice (P < 0.05). Noradrenaline concentrations were reduced by 25-49% in plasma and tissue of bGH compared with control mice (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study suggests reduced autonomic modulation of HR in bGH transgenic mice. Thus, GH appears to have marked effects on autonomic tone, reducing sympathetic nervous system function possibly via reduced noradrenaline stores.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barlind
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Skøtt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mobini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bergström
mesh_terms: D000172:Acromegaly / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D005260:Female; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013686:Telemetry
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone; D012083:Renin; D009638:Norepinephrine