title: Conversion of cyclosporine A prodrugs in human tears vs rabbits tears.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate and mechanism of conversion of two water-soluble prodrugs of cyclosporine A (CsA) intended for topical delivery to the eye. The new molecules were designed according to the double prodrug concept: a solubilizing moiety was grafted onto CsA via an ester function, which could be hydrolysed via a two-step process (enzymatic and chemical). Prodrug solutions were prepared extemporaneously in an isotonic and neutral aqueous medium compatible with ophthalmic use. The rates of conversion into the parent molecule were determined by incubating the prodrugs in fresh rabbit or human tears or in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.4. Both prodrugs were converted into CsA within the first minute in the presence of rabbit tears with rate constants of k=5.9x10(-3)min(-1) and k=3.8x10(-3)min(-1), respectively, for UNIL088 and UNIL089, whereas chemical conversion in PBS was negligible (k=0.5x10(-3)min(-1) for both molecules). Incubation of UNIL088 in human tears showed a significantly high conversion rate. It is concluded that the developed double prodrugs underwent a bioconversion in physiological media and thus represent promising candidates for topical delivery of CsA to the eye.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lallemand
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Felt-Baeyens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rudaz
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hubler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wenger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mutter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Besseghir
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gurny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011817:Rabbits; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011355:Prodrugs; D016572:Cyclosporine