title: A biochemically defined system for mammalian nonhomologous DNA end joining.
abstract: Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) is a major pathway in multicellular eukaryotes for repairing double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs). Here, the NHEJ reactions have been reconstituted in vitro by using purified Ku, DNA-PK(cs), Artemis, and XRCC4:DNA ligase IV proteins to join incompatible ends to yield diverse junctions. Purified DNA polymerase (pol) X family members (pol mu, pol lambda, and TdT, but not pol beta) contribute to junctional additions in ways that are consistent with corresponding data from genetic knockout mice. The pol lambda and pol mu contributions require their BRCT domains and are both physically and functionally dependent on Ku. This indicates a specific biochemical function for Ku in NHEJ at incompatible DNA ends. The XRCC4:DNA ligase IV complex is able to ligate one strand that has only minimal base pairing with the antiparallel strand. This important aspect of the ligation leads to an iterative strand-processing model for the steps of NHEJ.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Room 5428, Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School, of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, MC9176, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Yunmei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Haihui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Brigette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tippin
authors.forename: Myron F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koiwai
authors.forename: Chih-Lin
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lieber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D034961:Antigens, Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004720:Endonucleases; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
chemical_list: D034961:Antigens, Nuclear; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; C101467:XRCC4 protein, human; D004247:DNA; D051747:DNA-Activated Protein Kinase; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C109534:DNA polymerase X; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D004720:Endonucleases; C473337:Dclre1c protein, mouse; C000606509:Xrcc6 protein, human; C000606510:Xrcc6 protein, mouse; D000072200:Ku Autoantigen