title: Low dose methotrexate in the first trimester of pregnancy: results of a French collaborative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the risk of major malformations in pregnant women with chronic inflammatory disorders treated with low dose methotrexate (MTX) during the first trimester of pregnancy. Secondary outcomes included the rate of miscarriage, birth weight, and gestational age at delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the French network of 31 pharmacovigilance centers and 2 teratology information services were analyzed. The outcome of pregnancy was prospectively assessed in women exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy. Data on maternal history and drug exposure were collected at the initial inquiry, and on the outcome of pregnancy at followup.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight cases were available for analysis. MTX exposure ended before 8 weeks of gestation in 26 patients. Miscarriages occurred in 4 patients and 5 had elective termination of pregnancy. There were 19 live births, among whom 3 were premature. Birth weights in full-term children were within the expected range. One child exposed until 8.5 weeks of gestation had only minor anomalies (metatarsus varus and eyelid angioma).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although no definitive conclusion can be drawn, our results and the analysis of the literature support the conclusion that no strong teratogenic risk is associated with low dose MTX provided that the drug is discontinued as early as possible in pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Centre Antipoison, Centre de Pharmacovigilance, 162 Avenue Lacassagne, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lewden
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vial
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elefant
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nelva
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carlier
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Descotes
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000139:chemically induced; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D008727:Methotrexate