Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in brain tumor diagnosis.
The current state of standard tumor diagnostics using contrast-enhanced MRI and biopsy is assessed in this review, and the progress of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) over the last 15 years is discussed. We summarize MRS basics and describe a typical magnetic resonance session for noninvasive routine tumor diagnostics at 1.5 T, including two-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). The results that can be obtained from such procedures are illustrated with clinical examples. Attention is turned to cutting-edge methodologic and clinical research at 3 T, with examples using high-resolution or very short echo-time three-dimensional MRSI. The current status and limitations in proton MRSI are discussed, and we look to the potential of faster data collection and even higher field strength.
Gruber
Stephen
S
Magnetic Resonance Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
Stadlbauer
Andreas
A
Mlynarik
Vladimir
V
Gatterbauer
Brigitte
B
Roessler
Karl
K
Moser
Ewald
E
D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D011522:Protons; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D011522:Protons