Advanced glycation and endothelial functions: a link towards vascular complications in diabetes.
The formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), also called the Maillard reaction, occurs ubiquitously and irreversibly in patients with diabetes mellitus, and its consequences are especially relevant to vascular dysfunctions. The interaction of AGEs with their receptors (RAGE) has been implicated in the development of vascular complications. This interaction elicits remarkable vascular cell changes analogous to those observed in diabetes mellitus, including angiogenic and thrombogenic responses of endothelial cells, increased oxidative stress, and functional alterations in vascular tone control. This review focuses on AGEs formation, the interaction with their specific receptors and how the triggered intracellular events determine functional alterations of vascular endothelium. Finally, some potential pharmacological approaches undertaken to circumvent the deleterious effects of AGEs are also discussed.
Rojas
Armando
A
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
Morales
Miguel A
MA
D000818:Animals; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*
D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic