title: Small diameter H-graft porta-caval shunt performed at different stages of liver disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Partial porto-systemic shunts have been popularized because of reported low rate of mortality and morbidity (especially encephalopathy, liver failure and occlusion). To further investigate these assumptions, we retrospectively reviewed the results of partial porta-caval shunts performed at different stages of liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine cirrhotic patients underwent a partial porta-caval shunt with a ringed polytetrafluoroethylene interposition prosthesis of 8-mm (20 patients) or 10-mm (9 patients) in diameter. Pre and post-shunt porta-caval pressure was measured in all patients. Twelve patients (41.4%) belonged to Child A, 11 Child B (37.9%), and 6 Child C (20.7%). Eleven patients (37.9%) suffered from hepatic encephalopathy preoperatively. Twelve patients (41%) were operated on in emergency/urgency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Porta-caval pressure gradient, reduced significantly using either 8- or 10-mm prosthesis. The overall early mortality and morbidity were 13.8% and 48% respectively. The early mortality and morbidity were different between patients of Child A and B when compared to those of Child C (0 vs 66.6% and 34.8% vs 66.6% respectively). No patient re-bled early from varices. The overall late mortality and morbidity were 40% and 64% respectively. Shunt thrombosis and stenosis took place in 16% and 8% of the two groups of patients respectively; variceal re-bleeding occurred in 4 patients (16%). Encephalopathy occurred postoperatively in 5 patients (20%), acute in 3 patients (12%), and chronic in 2 (8%). The actuarial survival rate at 3 and 5 years was 92% and 75% for patients of Child A, 70% and 60% for patients of Child B, and 0% for patients of Child C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that partial porta-caval shunt with a small diameter interposition H-graft is an effective procedure for the treatment of variceal bleeding, as well as for the prevention of re-bleeding in patients of Child A and those of Child B, as an elective or emergency/urgency procedure, with a low rate of complications and encephalopathy. This technique could be used safely in patients with good liver function but they should be monitored closely because of the risk of shunt occlusion.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica-Unità di Chirurgia, Viale Morgagni, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 85-50134-Firenze, Italy. giacomo.batignani@unifi.it
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Batignani
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vizzutti
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rega
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuckermann
authors.forename: Geri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fratini
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinzani
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tonelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D011167:Portacaval Shunt, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology