title: Feasibility study: real-time 3-D ultrasound imaging of the brain.
abstract: We tested the feasibility of real-time, 3-D ultrasound (US) imaging in the brain. The 3-D scanner uses a matrix phased-array transducer of 512 transmit channels and 256 receive channels operating at 2.5 MHz with a 15-mm diameter footprint. The real-time system scans a 65 degrees pyramid, producing up to 30 volumetric scans per second, and features up to five image planes as well as 3-D rendering, 3-D pulsed-wave and color Doppler. In a human subject, the real-time 3-D scans produced simultaneous transcranial horizontal (axial), coronal and sagittal image planes and real-time volume-rendered images of the gross anatomy of the brain. In a transcranial sheep model, we obtained real-time 3-D color flow Doppler scans and perfusion images using bolus injection of contrast agents into the internal carotid artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. stephen.w.smkith@duke.edu
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kengyeh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Salim F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Idriss
authors.forename: Nikolas M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ivancevich
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: Patrick D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012756:Sheep; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011134:Polysaccharides; C059891:SHU 508