title: Olfactory epithelial lesions induced by various cancer chemotherapeutic agents in mice.
abstract: In order to examine and compare the potential toxicity in the olfactory epithelium, the antitumor drug vincristine sulfate (VCR), vinblastine sulfate(VBL), vindesine sulfate (VDS), paclitaxel (PTX), mitomycin C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil, (5-FU) or cisplatin (CDDP) was intravenously injected once(designated as day 1) at an estimated 10% lethal dose (LD(10)) to male BALB/c mice. The animals were necropsied on days 2, 5 and 15, and nasal tissues were examined by light-microscopy, counting of epithelial cells positive for terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-digoxigenin nick-end labeling (TUNEL), immunohistochemical staining with keratin antibody, and electron microscopy. Further, to delineate the drug disposition in the target organ, whole-body radioluminography was performed 1 hour and 24 hours after treatment with the LD(10) of PTX or 5-FU. Of the antitumor drugs employed, only the antimicrotubule agents, VCR, VBL, VDS, and PTX, induced single cell death in the olfactory epithelium, especially sensory cells on day 2, atrophy of the olfactory epithelium on day 5, and myelin fragmentation in the trigeminal nerve on day 15. PTX induced the strongest changes among the 4 antimicrotubule agents. The cell death was confirmed to be apoptosis by TUNEL assay and electron microscopy, whereas the change in horizontal basal cells of the olfactory epithelium was shown not to be apoptosis by keratin staining. In quantitative radioluminography,radioactivity of PTX in the nasal tissues both 1 hour and 24 hours after administration was about 4- or 5-fold higher than those of 5-FU. These results suggest that tubulin-targeting antitumour drugs could induce apoptosis in the olfactory epithelial cells of mice and that high drug distribution may effect the onset of the olfactory lesions.
authors.affiliation: Drug Safety Research Laboratory, Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-16-13 Kitakasai, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan. kaikitrx@daiichipharma.co.jp
authors.forename: Kiyonori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Tetsuyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kajimura
authors.forename: Michiyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Ryoji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tateyama
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Furuhama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D001345:Autoradiography; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D009831:Olfactory Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000633:toxicity; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000633:toxicity; D014750:Vincristine / Q000633:toxicity; D014751:Vindesine / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016685:Mitomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D014747:Vinblastine; D007633:Keratins; D017239:Paclitaxel; D014751:Vindesine