title: Clonidine poisoning in children: a recent experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify cases of clonidine poisoning presenting to a tertiary paediatric hospital and to investigate trends in presentation, outcome and prevention. Furthermore, any public health implications of the use of clonidine in children are to be explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of clonidine poisoning presenting to Royal Children's Hospital were reviewed over the period from 1997 to 2001 (inclusive), with significant data obtained from coded medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four cases of clonidine poisoning were identified over the 5-year period. Nine patients ingested their own medication, which was prescribed for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Clonidine was prescribed for a child in 16 cases (67%). Impaired conscious state and bradycardia were the most common presenting features. Activated charcoal was given in 14 cases and volume expansion in six. There were 12 children (50%) who required admission to intensive care for monitoring, including three who received mechanical ventilation. The average length of stay was 25.7 h with no long-term complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the largest series of clonidine poisoning in children recorded in Australia, with morbidity considerable. Emphasis needs to be placed on educating parents of clonidine's dangers in overdose to their own children as well as others.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Cranswick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics / Q000506:poisoning; D001315:Australia; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003000:Clonidine / Q000506:poisoning*; D003128:Coma / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011041:Poisoning / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D003000:Clonidine