title: Frequency and effects of intratendinous and peritendinous calcifications after open Achilles tendon repair.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although calcification of the Achilles tendon has been described by several authors, a detailed evaluation of its frequency and effects on clinical outcome has not been reported. The purposes of this work were to determine the frequency of calcifications in the Achilles tendon after open repair and their effects on clinical outcomes and to identify possible risk factors for postoperative calcification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients with open Achilles tendon repair were evaluated at an average followup of 19 months. Evaluation included a self-assessment questionnaire concerning treatment outcomes, clinical examination, and radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient had calcifications in the Achilles tendon area before surgery. Postoperatively, intratendinous or peritendinous calcifications, ranging in size from 3 mm to 37 mm, were found in 10 (28%) of the 36 patients. The development of calcifications was associated with chronic swelling, decreased range of motion of the ankle joint, and increase pain, especially with calcifications larger than 10 mm. No association was found between the development of calcifications and the surgical technique, suture materials, time from injury to surgery, or postoperative management, and no risk factors could be identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcifications of the Achilles tendon appear to be frequent after open tendon repair and to have a negative effect on clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Surgery, Justus Liebig University, Rudolf Buchheim Strasse 7, Giessen D-35385, Germany. Ralf.Kraus@chiru.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Jens-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stahl
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Theodorus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pavlidis
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alt
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Horas
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schnettler
mesh_terms: D000125:Achilles Tendon / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012421:Rupture; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*