Attenuation of inflammation with short-term dietary intervention is associated with a reduction of arterial stiffness in subjects with hypercholesterolaemia.
BACKGROUND
Increased arterial stiffness has been found in patients with chronic high-grade inflammatory diseases. Whether mitigation of low-grade systemic inflammation, through a low-cholesterol/low-saturated fat diet, may have a role in improving arterial stiffness is still untested.


METHODS
We investigated whether variations in blood lipids and plasma C-reactive protein induced by low-cholesterol/low-saturated fat diet are associated with variations in large-artery stiffness in hypercholesterolaemia.


METHODS
Thirty-five patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia and 15 normal control subjects were recruited for the study. Hypercholesterolaemic patients followed an 8-week low-cholesterol/low-saturated fat diet (30% total fat, 5% saturated fat, cholesterol <200 mg/daily). Anthropometric characteristics, blood lipids, plasma C-reactive protein and arterial stiffness were measured at baseline and after the diet.


RESULTS
Arterial stiffness and C-reactive protein levels were higher in hypercholesterolaemic patients than in controls. Significant reductions in body weight (2 kg, 3%), plasma total cholesterol (13.4 mg/dl, 5.3%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (11.2 mg/dl, 6.4%), C-reactive protein (0.7 mg/l, 39%) and arterial stiffness (from 8.9+/-2.0 to 8.1+/-1.9 m/s, 11%) were achieved among hypercholesterolaemic patients after the 8-week diet (P<0.05 for all). Bivariate correlations and multivariate analysis showed reduction in arterial stiffness after short-term diet to be associated with reduction of plasma C-reactive protein levels (r=0.59, beta=0.38, P<0.05 for both).


CONCLUSIONS
Short-term low-cholesterol/low-saturated fat diet in hypercholesterolaemia may be effective in improving large artery stiffness, likely through the mitigation of low-grade systemic inflammation.
Pirro
Matteo
M
Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy. mpirro@unipg.it
Schillaci
Giuseppe
G
Savarese
Gianluca
G
Gemelli
Fabio
F
Mannarino
Massimo Raffaele
MR
Siepi
Donatella
D
Bagaglia
Francesco
F
Mannarino
Elmo
E
D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000502:physiology*
D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol