title: Hospital factors associated with splenectomy for splenic injury: a national perspective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of patients with splenic injury has shifted from routine splenectomy to attempts at splenic salvage. Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS), we assessed the patterns of care for splenic trauma. We hypothesized that the processes of care in urban and rural hospitals would differ.
  
  
  METHODS
  Generalized estimating equations were used to identify predictor variables associated with laparotomy and splenectomy from a national, population-based sample of inpatients (HCUP-NIS). Fourteen thousand nine hundred one patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification discharge diagnosis code of 865 were selected from the 1998 to 2000 HCUP-NIS data. Exclusion criteria included age greater than 80 years. Analyses were compared using all patients and excluding patients who died during the first 2 hospital days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight thousand five hundred fifty-three patients were treated in urban teaching hospitals. Forty percent underwent a laparotomy and 28% underwent a splenectomy at that time. Another 4,461 patients were cared for in urban nonteaching hospitals. Of these, 46% had a laparotomy and 35% underwent a splenectomy. The remaining 1,887 patients were seen in rural hospitals. Forty-six percent had a laparotomy and 36% had a splenectomy. Patients in urban teaching hospitals had lower risk-adjusted odds of splenectomy in multivariate models controlling for confounders including overall injury severity. Overall splenic salvage increased from 1998 to 2000, primarily because of increased salvage rates among urban teaching hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The management of patients with splenic injury differs among urban teaching, urban nonteaching, and rural hospitals. Surgeons at urban teaching hospitals appear more willing to attempt splenic salvage by means of nonoperative management.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas. USA.
authors.forename: S Rob
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Newgard
authors.forename: Jerris R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hedges
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mullins
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006761:Hospitals / Q000145:classification* / Q000592:standards; D006780:Hospitals, Rural / Q000592:standards; D006785:Hospitals, University / Q000592:standards; D006786:Hospitals, Urban / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013154:Spleen / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D013156:Splenectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology