title: Novel markers of oxidative stress in actively progressive HIV dementia.
abstract: Oxidative stress leads to the production of reactive oxygen species that can attack lipid membranes resulting in cellular dysfunction and death. Cellular redox state is closely linked to ceramide, sphingomyelin, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) levels. We describe data showing increased levels of these oxidative stress markers in HIV encephalitis. In addition, actively progressing HIV dementia is associated with increases in HNE and ceramide, while inactive HIV dementia is associated with increases in sphingomyelin. These markers may be useful for distinguishing between different clinical phenotypes of HIV dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. sacktor@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Ned
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sacktor
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Haughey
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cutler
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamara
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turchan
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pardo
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Avindra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nath
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers