title: A rapid method of impregnating endotracheal tubes and urinary catheters with gendine: a novel antiseptic agent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the efficacy of gendine, a novel antiseptic, containing Gentian Violet and chlorhexidine, in coating different medical devices, including endotracheal tubes (ETT) and urinary catheters (UC).
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxicity of ETT and UC segments coated, through an instant dip method, with gendine. Using the modified Kirby-Bauer method, gendine-coated devices showed zones of inhibition of >/=15 mm against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida parapsilosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gendine-coated endotracheal tubes (GND-ETT) soaked in bronchoalveolar fluid (BAL) and incubated at 37 degrees C maintained a zone of inhibition of >/=15 mm against MRSA and P. aeruginosa for at least 3 weeks. Similarly, gendine-coated urinary catheters (GND-UC), soaked in urine, maintained a zone of inhibition of >/=15 mm against E. coli for 8 weeks. Using the minimum essential media elution method in mouse fibroblast cells, GND-ETT and GND-UC were found to be non-cytotoxic. Gendine-coated UC significantly reduced the amount of viable MRSA, E. coli or C. parapsilosis organisms adhering to their surfaces when compared with silver/hydrogel-coated urinary catheters or control uncoated catheters (P < 0.01). Similarly GND-ETT significantly reduced the adherence of the same organisms as well as P. aeruginosa when compared with control (P </= 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GND-ETT and GND-UC impregnated using an instantaneous dip method, were shown to have broad-spectrum activity, prolonged antimicrobial durability and high efficacy in inhibiting adherence of organisms commonly causing nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection. Furthermore, these coated devices were shown to be non-cytotoxic.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Gassan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chaiban
authors.forename: Hend
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: Issam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Raad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007739:L Cells; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D051379:Mice; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D004202:Disinfectants; D005840:Gentian Violet; D002710:Chlorhexidine