title: Effects of long-term use Topiramate on fertility and growth parameter in adult male rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A case control study was conducted to assess the effects of long-term ingestion of Topiramate on fertility, body and reproductive organ weight and level of sex hormones in Sprague-Dawley male rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten adult male rats were exposed to Topiramate diets at a concentration of 100 mg /kg for 60 days. Another ten control male rats received vehicle (distilled water). After 24 hours of the last dose, animals were autopsied under light anesthesia. Several parameters including, body and reproductive organ weight, sperm count and motility, serum testosterone, FSH, levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, SGOT and SGPT were all measured. Assessment of pregnancies in females mixed with tested males was also measured. The results of histological, histometrical and biochemical profiles were compared to that of the control group, and the significance of these results was measured using student's ''t'' and Chi- square tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-term ingestion of Topiramate for 60 days caused a significant decrease in spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules of the testes. Sperm motility and density were also significantly reduced in cauda epididymides and testes of the treated group. The body weights and weight of reproductive organs (testes, epididymides, ventral prostate and seminal vesicle) were decreased considerably. Hormonal assay also showed significant decrease in testosterone levels. Testicular cell population dynamics also demonstrated a decrease in the number of both primary and secondary spermatocytes and spermatids in the treatment group. The number of female rats impregnated by male rats on long-term Topiramate diet had decreased. The number of implantations and the number of viable fetuses were also notably decreased in female rats impregnated by male rats ingested Topiramate. Histometry of reproductive organs confirmed these results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  these results confirm that the long-term Topiramate ingestion produces adverse effects on fertility and reproductive system in adult male rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otoom
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Batieneh
authors.forename: Zuheir
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Azhar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daoud
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects*; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011467:Prostate / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013737:Testis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077236:Topiramate
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases