title: [The effectiveness of stimulants of retard forms in children and adolescents with ADHD--a systematic overview].
abstract: Stimulants are the matter of choice to treat attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) pharmacologically. The period of effectiveness of immediate release stimulants is, however, often not satisfying. Currently a variety of retarded forms of methylphenidate and also amphetamine were developed in order to minimize the problems involved in a daily dose. This paper presents the clinical studies on effectiveness, period of effectiveness and the profile of side effects of different forms of stimulants. In the clinical practice the new retard products are effective alternatives. There is an advantage in giving this drug in a once daily single dose. At the same time, the side effects that are caused by an extended period of being effective have to be studied in detail. A more exact adaptation to the requirements of daily obligations and needs of children and adolescents is difficult to realize. Future research is supposed to test schemes of titration including immediate and sustained released stimulants.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik for Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters am Klinikum der Universität zu Köln.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sevecke
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Döpfner
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lehmkuhl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000662:Amphetamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006801:Humans; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008774:Methylphenidate