title: Postcranial skeleton of Shinisaurus crocodilurus (Squamata: Anguimorpha).
abstract: The postcranial skeleton is poorly known for Shinisaurus crocodilurus, the Chinese crocodile lizard. Discrepancies exist between published accounts of Shinisaurus; moreover, comparisons with complete specimens show important differences from the published descriptions. Contrary to some publications, the axial skeleton variably consists of 26 or 27 presacral vertebrae, including eight cervical vertebrae. Humeral entepicondylar and ectepicondylar foramina are present, as are an epipubis and hypoischium, and the post-tubercular portion of the pubis is subequal in length to the proximal portion. Sesamoids are present in the knee, elbow, and between the penultimate phalanges and unguals. A cartilaginous strut joins the clavicles and interclavicle. Comparative investigation of extant anguimorphs add context to these observations and support the conclusion that Mosasauroidea possessed eight or more (rather than seven) cervical vertebrae. Overall, the postcranium of Shinisaurus is relatively unspecialized for Anguimorpha, although it may be diagnosed accurately by a combination of character states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. jlconrad@uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Jack L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Conrad
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050281:Bones of Lower Extremity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001133:Bones of Upper Extremity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002968:Clavicle / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005360:Fibula / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006811:Humerus / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008116:Lizards / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000145:classification; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D011884:Radius / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012447:Sacrum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012716:Sesamoid Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013977:Tibia / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014457:Ulna / Q000033:anatomy & histology