title: A novel needle-based miniature x-ray generating system.
abstract: The basic concept, design and performance of a novel needle-based x-ray system for medical applications are reported. The main principle of the system is based on a two-stage production of x-rays. The system comprises a conventional x-ray tube with an Ag anode, any known type of conditioning optics and a 2.2 mm diameter hollow needle with an interchangeable Mo target. The target can be moved along the needle axis and rotated around the needle axis. The needle x-ray device allows for adjustment in energy and flux intensity of the x-rays emitted by the target. The depth dependence of the intensity, dose rate as well as spatial and energy distribution of the radiation emitted by the target have been experimentally measured. The depth dose rate results have been compared with theoretical calculations using a Monte Carlo simulation of the x-ray production process. These studies have experimentally confirmed that the concept of this x-ray system is correct. Further improvement of the device can increase the dose rate up to the levels required for clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Advanced X-Ray Technology, Inc., 322 North Old Woodward Avenue, Birmingham, MI 48009, USA.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gutman
authors.forename: Evgueni
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sozontov
authors.forename: Emil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strumban
authors.forename: Fang-Fang
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Sung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D008904:Miniaturization / Q000379:methods; D009339:Needles; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D014964:X-Ray Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014965:X-Rays