title: Predictors of positive tuberculin skin test (TST) results after 2-step TST among health care workers in Manitoba, Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Baseline 2-step tuberculin skin testing (TST) is recommended for health care workers (HCWs) to identify cases of the "boosting phenomenon" (i.e., a negative initial TST result followed by a positive result) and to track the risk of acquiring occupational tuberculosis. However, the 2-step TST has been shown to be insufficient to identify all cases of the booster phenomenon in older adults and refugees. The objective of this study was to identify whether a history of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination and foreign birth--variables that are known to be associated with the booster phenomenon--remain predictors of a positive TST result in a group of HCWs documented to have negative 2-step TST results (i.e., 2 TSTs done 7-28 days apart with indurations <10 mm in diameter).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of an employee database in a tertiary care hospital in Winnipeg, Canada. The study population was comprised of 698 HCWs with negative 2-step TST results who underwent a TST 0-2 years after completion of the 2-step procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-six HCWs (6.6%) had a positive TST result 0-2 years after the 2-step test. In a multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for age, BCG vaccination, foreign birth, sex, and work setting, only history of BCG vaccination (odds ratio [OR], 8.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.04-17.4), foreign birth (OR, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.53-6.62), and high-risk work setting (OR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.44-5.95) were associated with a positive TST result.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even for HCWs with negative results of 2-step TST, foreign birth and history of BCG vaccination are associated with a positive result of a future TST. Some positive TST results in such HCWs are related to nonoccupational factors, including delayed boosting, rather than to conversion due to recent tuberculosis contact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. akraut@ms.umanitoba.ca
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kraut
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coodin
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Plessis
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McLean
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008350:Manitoba; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014374:Tuberculin Test / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*