title: The enzymes of oxalate metabolism: unexpected structures and mechanisms.
abstract: Oxalate degrading enzymes have a number of potential applications, including medical diagnosis and treatments for hyperoxaluria and other oxalate-related diseases, the production of transgenic plants for human consumption, and bioremediation of the environment. This review seeks to provide a brief overview of current knowledge regarding the major classes of enzymes and related proteins that are employed in plants, fungi, and bacteria to convert oxalate into CO(2) and/or formate. Not only do these enzymes employ intriguing chemical strategies for cleaving the chemically unreactive C-C bond in oxalate, but they also offer the prospect of providing new insights into the molecular processes that underpin the evolution of biological catalysts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA.
authors.forename: Drazenka
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Svedruzić
authors.forename: Stefán
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jónsson
authors.forename: Cory G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: Laurie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ricagno
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lindqvist
authors.forename: Nigel G J
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Richards
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002384:Catalysis; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D019281:Dimerization; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004798:Enzymes / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008961:Models, Structural; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010070:Oxalates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D010070:Oxalates; D014867:Water; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C020598:oxalate oxidase; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; C021915:oxalate decarboxylase