title: Investigating four 'myths' surrounding dysphagia in patients with metastatic esophageal cancer. A multi-institutional study from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group.
abstract: Eighty-five to 95% of esophageal cancer patients suffer dysphagia. Yet, few studies have focused on this symptom, and four 'myths' persist: (i) dysphagia cannot be measured; (ii) chemotherapy cannot palliate it; (iii) dysphagia predicts a poor prognosis; (iv) dysphagia is associated with a frustratingly insatiable appetite. Forty-four patients with metastatic esophageal cancer participated in this quality of life/translational component of a previously reported clinical trial. All were monitored for chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity and completed questionnaires on dysphagia and appetite at baseline and every 6 weeks. The appetite hormones, leptin and neuropeptide y, were also assessed. Forty-five per cent of patients could easily swallow solid foods; all others had varying dysphagia, thus enabling exploration of these four 'myths.' First, a single-item visual analog scale (Swallowing Scale), demonstrated excellent agreement with a previously validated questionnaire (81% at baseline), thus reminding us that dysphagia is measurable. Second, chemotherapy was associated with a trend towards improved dysphagia (P = 0.059). Third, dysphagia did not predict tumor response or survival. Fourth, dysphagia was not associated with appetite, leptin or neuropeptide y. This study helps to dispel these four 'myths' and underscores the need for further quality of life research on dysphagia.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Jatoi.aminah@mayo.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jatoi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klee
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Morton
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kardinal
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mailliard
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000097:blood; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin; D009478:Neuropeptide Y