title: The amoebicidal aqueous extract from Castela texana possesses antigenotoxic and antimutagenic properties.
abstract: Due to long-term treatment toxicity and clinical resistance to drugs commonly used against E. histolytica, new drugs against amoebiasis are urgently needed. Castela texana ("chaparro amargo") is a shrub taken traditionally in teas and capsules of dry plant to treat intestinal amoebic infections. An aqueous extract was prepared and its mutagenic, genotoxic and cytotoxicity properties were evaluated in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. This extract was neither mutagenic when evaluated with the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA100 and TA102, nor genotoxic in unscheduled DNA synthesis in hepatocyte cultures, even at the highest concentrations tested. In fact, C. texana extract showed antimutagenic activity on S. typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the Ames test. Furthermore, it was capable of protecting liver cell cultures against unscheduled DNA synthesis induced by 2-acetylaminofluorene at a concentration of 6.77 microg/ml. A free-radical scavenging test was used in order to explore the antioxidant capacity of C. texana extract with S. typhimurium strain TA102 pretreated with norfloxacin, a free radical producer. This extract showed a free radical withdrawal effect. The effective chemoprotective activity of this extract could be due to the antioxidant capacity of the C. texana extract components. In this paper it is shown that the antiamoebic natural product, C. texana, is also antimutagenic and protects against induction of preneoplastic lesions in rat liver. These results justify further studies to extend it use to human beings.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Apartado postal 14-740. México D.F. 07000, México.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyes-López
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villa-Treviño
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arriaga-Alba
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alemán-Lazarini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Mendiola
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arias-Castro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fattel-Fazenda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de la Garza
mesh_terms: D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018890:Chemoprevention; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004249:DNA Damage; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004748:Entamoeba histolytica / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D029641:Simaroubaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010936:Plant Extracts; D004247:DNA; D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene