title: Male genital hygiene beliefs and practices in Nairobi, Kenya.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Attitudes and practices concerning genital hygiene may influence topical microbicide use by men. This study examines knowledge and behaviours related to hygiene, genital hygiene, circumcision and hygiene, and to genital hygiene before and after sex among men in Nairobi, Kenya.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted 463 interviews of men recruited by respondent driven sampling techniques and 10 focus group discussions with a subsample of 100 volunteers from this group. Men were asked individual quantitative survey and qualitative group discussion questions about general hygiene behaviours, genital hygiene, and the temporal relation of genital hygiene behaviours to sexual encounters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bathing once daily was associated with education, income, and inside tap water. Genital washing aside from regular bathing and washing before sex ever were negatively associated with bathroom crowding. Genital hygiene before the most recent sexual encounter was uncommon and negatively associated with HIV risk perception, bathroom crowding, and ethnicity. Men believed genital hygiene before sex would arouse suspicions of infidelity or cool sexual ardour. Genital hygiene after sex was associated with education, religion, and having inside tap water. Genital hygiene after the most recent sexual encounter was associated with age, income, and with men having at least one child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Genital hygiene behaviours were associated with resource access factors and group discussions suggest that they are modulated by interactions in sexual partnerships. Topical microbicides may improve hygiene before and after sex.
authors.affiliation: Program for Appropriate Technology and Health (PATH), University of Washington Center for AIDS and STDs, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. worthy@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bukusi
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Shell-Duncan
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002944:Circumcision, Male; D004522:Educational Status; D005837:Genitalia, Male; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006920:Hygiene; D007182:Income; D007630:Kenya; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D014881:Water Supply