title: Cerebral blood flow effects of pain and acupuncture: a preliminary single-photon emission computed tomography imaging study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the cerebral blood flow changes associated with the analgesic effect of acupuncture in patients with chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven patients presenting with a chronic pain syndrome and 5 healthy controls were included. All single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans were acquired with a uniform protocol. The patient group was injected with the radioisotope hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) while experiencing their usual level of pain. A baseline scan was acquired approximately 20 minutes after administration of the HMPAO. The patient then underwent acupuncture therapy with needles placed in points specifically selected to relieve pain. When the pain improved, as determined by a 10-digit score for pain assessment, the patient was reinjected with HMPAO and imaged 20 minutes later for the acupuncture scan. The reference group also had a baseline and acupuncture scan, although the acupuncture itself was performed using a standardized set of needle points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The reference group participants were found to have significant increases in the thalamic and prefrontal cortex activity on the acupuncture scan compared to the baseline. The baseline scans of the pain patients showed significant asymmetric uptake in the thalami compared to controls. This asymmetry reversed or normalized after the acupuncture therapy. Significant correlations were observed between the change of activity in the prefrontal cortex and ipsilateral sensorimotor area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results from these cases show that HMPAO-SPECT is capable of detecting changes in cerebral blood flow associated with pain and that acupuncture analgesia is associated with changes in the activity of the frontal lobes, brain stem, and thalami.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, USA. newberg@rad.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Newberg
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lariccia
authors.forename: Bruce Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Farrar
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Abass
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alavi
mesh_terms: D015667:Acupuncture Analgesia; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D059408:Pain Management; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019690:Technetium Tc 99m Exametazime