title: Direct in vivo effects of leptin on ovarian steroidogenesis in sheep.
abstract: Leptin, the metabolic fat hormone, has been shown to have effects on reproduction in mice and to modulate steroid production by cultured ovarian somatic cells in a number of species. However, a direct role of leptin on normal ovarian function in vivo has not been shown. In this paper the effect of passive immunisation against leptin (experiment 1; 20 ml antiserum or non-immune plasma i.v.; n = 6/treatment) and direct ovarian infusion of leptin (experiment 2; 0, 2 or 20 mug recombinant ovine leptin; n = 4/treatment) during the early follicular phase was investigated in sheep with ovarian autotransplants, which allow recovery of ovarian venous blood and regular non-invasive scanning of the ovary. Passive immunisation against leptin resulted in an acute increase (P < 0.05) in ovarian oestradiol secretion but had no effect on gonadotrophin concentrations, ovulation or subsequent luteal function. Conversely, direct ovarian arterial infusion of the low dose of leptin resulted in an acute decline (P < 0.05) in ovarian oestradiol secretion whereas the high dose, which resulted in supra-physiological leptin concentrations, had no effect on oestradiol production compared with the controls. Neither dose of leptin had any effect on gonadotrophin concentrations or ovulation but both doses resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in progesterone concentrations over the subsequent luteal phase. In conclusion, together these data provide strong in vivo evidence that leptin can modulate ovarian steroidogenesis directly and acutely in ruminants and suggest that leptin is an alternate regulatory system whereby nutritional status can regulate reproductive activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Human Development, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK. Nigel.Kendall@Nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scaramuzzi
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003338:Corpus Luteum / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D005498:Follicular Phase; D006065:Gonadotropins, Pituitary / Q000097:blood*; D007106:Immune Sera / Q000494:pharmacology; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D020738:Leptin / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D006065:Gonadotropins, Pituitary; D007106:Immune Sera; D020738:Leptin; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone