title: Glycemic and insulinemic responses to protein supplements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of common servings of commercially marketed nutritional protein supplements on blood glucose and insulin responses were studied in 12 healthy men after ingestion of feedings that had varying carbohydrate and protein compositions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fasting subjects consumed a 50-gram glucose drink, a white bagel, peanuts, a protein bar, or a protein drink in a counterbalanced fashion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects rested in a supine position and were not disturbed while blood samples were drawn at rest and at 10-minute intervals during the ensuing 2 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The area under the curve for glucose was greater in the glucose drink group vs all treatment groups except the white bagel group ( P <.05). At 20 to 40 minutes, plasma glucose was elevated in the glucose drink group vs the peanuts group, the protein bar group, and the protein drink group ( P <.05). The glycemic response was greater in the glucose drink group vs the white bagel group at 30 minutes (8.1+/-0.5 vs 6.5+/-0.3 mmol/L, respectively) ( P <.05). The area under the curve for insulin was lower in the peanuts group vs all treatment groups ( P <.05). Insulin concentrations peaked at 40 minutes in the glucose drink group (285.5+/-18.3 pmol) and was similar in all but the peanuts group (130.5+/-14.3 pmol) ( P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A common serving of a commercially available protein supplement resulted in a marked insulin response with no glycemic response because of the lack of carbohydrate content. Inasmuch as many such supplements similar in composition are marketed on the bases of their nutritional energy benefits, these data underscore the need to educate consumers regarding appropriate fuel for exercise and nutritional supplement composition.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Research Center, Brigham Young University, 120-E Richards Building, Provo, UT 84602, USA. allen_parcell@byu.edu
authors.forename: Allen C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Parcell
authors.forename: Micah J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Drummond
authors.forename: E Daniel
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Christopherson
authors.forename: Garret L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Hoyt
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cherry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007328:Insulin