title: Exhaled nitric oxide in relation to the clinical features of childhood asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) has been shown to be a noninvasive marker of eosinophilic inflammation in asthmatic children. Few studies have evaluated the relationship between ENO levels and the clinical features of children with asthma. The aim of this study was to examine children attending a routine asthma clinic and evaluate the relationship between ENO levels and clinical parameters including decision making.
  
  
  METHODS
  Asthmatic children (n= 133, aged 5 to 14 years) attending a hospital asthma clinic were studied. ENO levels were measured and compared between subgroups of subjects according to recent symptoms, asthma control and treatment, and the clinician's decision (blinded to ENO levels) regarding further management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ENO levels (median [IQR] ppb) were significantly elevated in children who had recent symptoms compared to those without recent symptoms (14.6 [6.5 to 45.3] vs. 6.0 [3.2 to 17.4], difference between medians 8.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.8 to 13.9, p=0.004). ENO levels differed significantly between the controlled and uncontrolled subgroups (8.5 [4.2 to 26.4] vs. 26.4 [5.0 to 62.0], difference between medians 17.9, 95% CI 0.1 to 22.8, p=0.03) and between the three treatment decision subgroups (up, down, or unchanged; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ENO levels are strongly related to the clinical features of childhood asthma and the clinical decision making process. To fully evaluate the role of ENO in the clinical management of asthma, this "proof of concept" study paves the way for prospective randomized trials of the inclusion of ENO levels in the decision making process in childhood asthma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Warke
authors.forename: Vivienne
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mairs
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fitch
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: McGovern
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ennis
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D045853:Exhalation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D009569:Nitric Oxide