title: Sleep disturbances among HIV-positive adults: the role of pain, stress, and social support.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Investigate the relationships between pain, stress, social support, and sleep disturbance among a diverse sample of HIV-positive adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (N = 146) completed self-report measures on pain, stress, social support, and sleep disturbance. CD4 T-cell count was obtained from medical records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Greater pain and stress were associated with greater sleep disturbance. Greater assistance from friends was associated with greater sleep disturbance, whereas greater understanding from friends regarding participants' HIV-related stress was associated with less sleep disturbance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As expected, pain was significantly associated with sleep disturbance. Additionally, psychosocial variables were strongly associated with sleep. The type of support from friends differentiated whether the support was positively or negatively associated with sleep problems. Social support, depending on the type, may not always be helpful for adults living with HIV/AIDS. Future studies need to examine factors that may mediate the relationship between psychosocial constructs and healthy sleep.
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychological Health, Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203-1280, USA. vosvick@unt.edu
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vosvick
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gore-Felton
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ashton
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fluery
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Israelski
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications*; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D011788:Quality of Life; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological