title: Effect of pimecrolimus cream 1% on the long-term course of pediatric atopic dermatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This report investigates the effect of pimecrolimus cream 1% (Elidel, Novartis pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland), a nonsteroid, cell-selective, cytokine inhibitor on the course of atopic dermatitis (AD), as assessed by changes in body surface involvement and pattern of drug use over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 961 patients in two 1-year double-blind, multicenter, pediatric studies of similar design were analyzed: 250 infants (aged 3-23 months) were randomized 4 : 1 and 711 children (aged 2-17 years) were randomized 2 : 1 to receive pimecrolimus cream 1% or vehicle, respectively. Emollients were used by all patients to alleviate dry skin and, at the first signs or symptoms of AD, pimecrolimus or vehicle was applied twice daily to prevent progression to flares. If flares occurred in either group, moderately potent topical corticosteroids were mandated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pimecrolimus was applied for 68.4% (infants) and 53.8% (children) of study days, and frequency of use of pimecrolimus decreased over time, reflecting improvement in disease control. The mean total body surface area affected decreased continuously over time. Significantly more patients in the pimecrolimus than control groups were maintained without corticosteroid therapy (infants: 63.7% vs. 34.8%, P < 0.001; children: 57.4% vs. 31.6%, P < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The need for pimecrolimus therapy decreases over time as the patients' disease improves. Hence, once long-term management of AD with pimecrolimus is established, the burden of disease for both the patient and the caregiver decreases significantly and disease-free periods become more frequent.
authors.affiliation: Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, Canada.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papp
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Staab
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Lluis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ortonne
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Molloy
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barbier
authors.forename: Carle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Paul
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001830:Body Surface Area; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009824:Ointments; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D009824:Ointments; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; C117268:pimecrolimus; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D016559:Tacrolimus