title: Pharmacological attenuation of apoptosis in reoxygenated endothelial cells.
abstract: BRX-235 (Iroxanadine), a novel drug developed by Biorex (Hungary), was previously characterized as a vasculoprotector against atherosclerosis, an activator of p38 kinase, and an enhancer of stress-responsive heat shock protein (Hsp) expression. The present data demonstrate that BRX-235 may improve survival of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) following ischemia/reperfusion stress. ECs cultured from human umbilical veins were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation to mimic ischemia/reperfusion. Caspase activation and apoptosis were monitored in the reoxygenated cells. Addition of BRX-235 (0.1-1 microM) to culture medium prior to hypoxia or at start of reoxygenation significantly reduced the caspase-dependent apoptosis. The cytoprotection conferred by the pre-hypoxic drug administration was sensitive to quercetin and seems to be based on enhanced Hsp accumulation in stressed ECs. In the case of post-hypoxic drug administration, the cytoprotection was strongly inhibited by SB202190 and SB203580 and appears to be associated with enhanced p38 kinase activation in reoxygenated ECs.
authors.affiliation: Medical Radiology Research Center, 4 Korolev Street, Obninsk 249036, Russia. aekabakov@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kabakov
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Budagova
authors.forename: Y V
authors.initials: YV
authors.lastname: Malyutina
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Latchman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Csermely
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010078:Oxazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; C057725:HSPB1 protein, human; D000076249:Heat Shock Transcription Factors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010078:Oxazines; D010880:Piperidines; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D014157:Transcription Factors; C469852:iroxanadine; D011794:Quercetin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D010100:Oxygen