title: Preservation of neurological functions by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in conscious rats following delayed hemorrhagic shock.
abstract: Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) as result of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. Our aim was to study the effects of NOS inhibitors, aminoguanidine (AG) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), on survival rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), temporal evolution of infarct volume, nitric oxide (NO) production and neurological deficit in a model of delayed hemorrhagic shock (DHS) in conscious rats. Our results showed that the NOS inhibitors significantly improved survival rate, MABP, and attenuated brain NO overproduction 24, 48 h and 72 h after DHS. AG reduced brain infarct volume and improved the neurological performance evaluated by the rotameric and grip strength tests while L-NAME did not show protective effect in rats following DHS. These findings suggest that NO formation via iNOS activation may contribute to organ damage and that the selective iNOS inhibitor, AG, may be of interest as a therapeutic agent for neurological recovery following DHS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore.
authors.forename: Md
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shirhan
authors.forename: Shabbir M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Moochhala
authors.forename: Kerwin Low
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Siew Yang
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sng
authors.forename: Kian Chye
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006146:Guanidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009420:Nervous System / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D009573:Nitrites; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C009591:triphenyltetrazolium; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C004479:pimagedine; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester