title: Creatinine levels among Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although Latinos constitute the largest and fastest growing minority group in the United States, little is known about the prevalence of renal disease among different Latino subgroups.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) to compare serum creatinine measurements among Mexican Americans, mainland Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans. We compared estimated creatinine clearance across Latino subgroups adjusted for demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics (including known predictors of chronic kidney disease) using survey logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cuban Americans had higher mean serum creatinine levels than the other groups across both gender and age categories. In multivariable analysis, Puerto Ricans [odds ratio (OR) 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16 to 2.60] and Cuban Americans (OR 4.59, CI 2.53 to 8.31) were more likely than the referent category of Mexican Americans to have an estimated creatinine clearance < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum creatinine levels differ substantially among Latino subgroups, suggesting national origin needs to be taken into consideration in studies of renal disease in Latinos. In addition, our findings highlight the need for more contemporary studies directly comparing both incidence rates of end-stage renal disease and measured renal function among Latino subgroups, perhaps leading to subgroup-specific prediction equations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA. rudy@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Rudolph A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: German T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: O'Hare
authors.forename: David V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Glidden
authors.forename: Eliseo J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Pérez-Stable
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology*; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine