title: The role of transforming growth factor alpha formulation on aspirin-induced ulcer healing and oxidant stress in the gastric mucosa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transforming growth factor (TGF) alpha accelerates wound healing, especially in gastric ulcers. Transforming growth factor alpha can be affected by acid and pepsin in the gastric juice. Oxidative stress also plays a role in the formation of gastric lesions. This study was designed (1) to investigate the effects of microemulsion dosage form on the healing of gastric ulcers, and (2) to determine the relationship between oxidative mechanisms and TGF-alpha during ulcer healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric ulcers were induced in Wistar rats (male, 200 +/- 25 g), by 150 mg/kg acidified aspirin application. The animals were divided into five groups consisting of 7-11 animals. The rats were killed after ulcer induction with aspirin (acute ulcer), or 2 days after ulcer induction (chronic ulcer), or after the daily application of microemulsion and TGF-alpha for 2 days. The ulcer area was measured planimetrically. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, glutathione, and gastric mucus levels of tissues were measured by spectrophotometric methods. The total nitric oxide level was measured by a VCl3/Griess assay. Statistical comparisons were made by an analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney U-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ulcer area and malondialdehyde level of gastric tissue both decreased and the glutathione level increased to intact gastric tissue levels, while the mucus and total nitric oxide levels increased significantly after the application of intragastric TGF-alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that TGF-alpha accelerates the healing process after aspirin-induced gastric injury, and a relationship was observed between this application and the oxidative reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
authors.forename: Bilge
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gönül
authors.forename: K Gonca
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Akbulut
authors.forename: Ciğdem
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Gülay
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yetkin
authors.forename: Nevin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Celebi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000473:pathology*; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016211:Transforming Growth Factor alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D001241:Aspirin