title: Intestinal surgical resection disrupts electrical rhythmicity, neural responses, and interstitial cell networks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical manipulations of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including intestinal resection and anastomosis, lead to motility disorders including a decrease in phasic and segmental contractions. The aims of the present investigation were to determine mechanisms underlying the loss of motility in a murine model of intestinal resection and to follow-up the recovery of intestinal motility after surgical manipulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Segments of ileum were removed from mice and the intestines were reconstructed. After surgery, the structure and activity of the ileal muscles, 0-5 cm oral and aboral to the site of resection, were examined at 5 and 24 hours with intracellular microelectrode recordings, isometric force measurements, Kit-like immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hours after surgery there was loss of electrical slow waves and phasic contractions in muscles near the site of resection. This defect decreased as a function of distance above and below the resection. Tissues in the affected region were poorly responsive to carbachol and transmural nerve stimulation. Kit-like immunohistochemistry revealed disruption in interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) networks at the level of the myenteric and deep muscular plexuses. Lesions in ICCs decreased with distance from the site of resection. Slow waves and mechanical activity recovered at the site of anastomosis 24 hours after surgery and recovered more rapidly when tissues were incubated in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, L-N6 -(1-Iminoethyl) lysine hydrochloride (L-NIL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of intestinal motility after surgery is associated with acute disruption of ICC networks, slow waves, and phasic contractions. This activity partially recovered within 24 hours after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroe
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanagida
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanase
authors.forename: Kenton M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D007082:Ileum / Q000166:cytology / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases