title: Maternal/female caregiver influences on adolescent indoor tanning.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify aspects of maternal/female caregiver (MFC) influences on adolescents' indoor tanning, including modeling, cognitions (MFC knowledge and attitudes about indoor tanning), and gatekeeping/monitoring (MFC permissiveness and concern) of indoor tanning.
  
  
  METHODS
  A telephone survey of adolescents aged 14-17 years and their female parent/caregiver in Minnesota and Massachusetts was conducted in 2000-2001 (n = 1284 matched pairs). Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for relationships between measures of MFC influence and teens' indoor tanning practices, adjusting for demographic and sun sensitivity differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Separately, each of the five MFC influence variables was significantly associated with adolescents' indoor tanning practices. In a multivariate model, significant independent contributors were parents' behavior, parents' concern about their children's indoor tanning practices, and MFC permissiveness of teen indoor tanning. Using a combined summed scale of the 5 influence factors, there was a monotonically increasing likelihood of tanning with each incremental scale increase: (in comparison to none, 1 factor aOR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.3, 12.8; any 2 factors aOR = 8.3, 95% CI: 2.8, 24.6; any 3 factors aOR = 14.3, 95% CI = 4.9, 41.8; any 4 factors aOR = 30.5, 95% CI: 10.3, 90.3; all 5 factors aOR = 66.0, 95% CI: 20.0, 217.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mothers/female caregivers may be a powerful influence on their teenagers' indoor tanning use, and are an important target for future health promotion efforts to discourage youth indoor tanning.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. jstryker@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Jo Ellen
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Stryker
authors.forename: Deann
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lazovich
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Emmons
authors.forename: Glorian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: Marie-France
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Demierre
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001505:Beauty Culture; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000528:radiation effects; D013471:Sunburn / Q000517:prevention & control; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013689:Telephone; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*