title: [Secondary Raynaud's syndrome: skin blood flow decrease between the ischemic episodes and prolongation of the vasoconstriction during the respiratory maneuvers].
abstract: The Raynaud's syndrome is an episodic skin ischemia manifested by pallor, cyanosis and erythema of the fingers in response to cold or emotional stress. The exact pathophysiology is unknown but it has been hypothetised that may be due to an autonomic alteration in the sympathetic innervation of skin blood vessels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the changes of heart rate and skin blood flow (SBF) in healthy subjects and in patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome during different respiratory maneuvers: 1. spontaneous respiration; 2. rhythmic respirations (RR), 3. sudden inspirations (SI), and 4. Valsalva maneuver (VM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 22 healthy subjects and 22 patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome. The variables measured were: 1) RR intervals; 2) amplitudes of SBF; 3) percentage of decrease of SBF; 4) latency of the maximum decrease of SBF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome the SBF was decreased basally during spontaneous rations and during all respiratory maneuvers (p < 0.001). The mean latency of recovery of the SBF was prolonged during sudden deep inspiration. The patients with Raynaud also had significant basal tachycardia at rest (p < 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The basal skin blood flow during spontaneous respirations and in asymptomatic periods is decreased in patients with Raynaud's syndrome; this may be related to endothelial arterioral damage. The SBF was also significantly decreased dynamically during sudden inspirations (SI), rhythmic breathing (RR) and Valsalva maneuver (VM). This dynamic change suggests sympathetic hyperactivity.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán". gonieva@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ortiz-Nieva
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Estañol
authors.forename: José Francisco
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Téllez-Zenteno
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: García-Villa
authors.forename: Vinicio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Corona-Marco
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Padilla-Rubio
authors.forename: Mario Humberto
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cardiel-Ríos
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: García-Ramos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012119:Respiration; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply*; D013997:Time Factors; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver; D014661:Vasoconstriction