title: Increased insulin-like growth factor I receptor expression and signaling are components of androgen-independent progression in a lineage-derived prostate cancer progression model.
abstract: Apoptosis and inhibition of mitosis are primary mechanisms mediating androgen ablation therapy-induced regression of prostate cancer (PCa). However, PCa readily becomes androgen independent, leading to fatal disease. Up-regulated growth and survival signaling is implicated in development of resistance to androgen ablation therapy. We are testing the hypothesis that insulin-like growth factor (IGF) responsiveness is required for androgen-independent (AI) progression. Using the LNCaP human PCa progression model, we have determined that IGF-I-mediated protection from apoptotic stress and enhanced mitotic activity is androgen dependent in LNCaP cells but is androgen independent in lineage-derived C4-2 cells. Both cell lines exhibit androgen-responsive patterns of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression, activation, and signaling to insulin receptor substrate-2 and AKT. However, C4-2 cells express higher levels of IGF-IR mRNA and protein and exhibit enhanced IGF-I-mediated phosphorylation and downstream signaling under androgen-deprived conditions. In comparisons of naive and AI metastatic human PCa specimens, we have confirmed that IGF-IR levels are elevated in advanced disease. Together with our LNCaP/C4-2 AI progression model data, these results indicate that increased IGF-IR expression is associated with AI antiapoptotic and promitotic IGF signaling in PCa disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Prostate Center at Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Krueckl
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sikes
authors.forename: N Magnus
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Edlund
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hurtado-Coll
authors.forename: Ladan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fazli
authors.forename: Martin E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gleave
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Cox
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1