title: Mitral annular motion as a surrogate for left ventricular ejection fraction: real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the accuracy of mitral annular motion assessed by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) as a surrogate for determination of the left ventricular function in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven patients with a variety of cardiac pathologies underwent both RT3DE and MRI exams. After 3D data sets were transferred to a PC with a custom-made program, nine consecutive rotational apical plane images (20 degrees apart) were displayed. The two mitral leaflet insertion points were manually identified in each plane. The geometry of the mitral annulus was reconstructed from a total of 18 coordinates (x, y, z), and the changes in mitral annular area and mitral annular motion along the apical long axis were calculated. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) determined by MRI was 41+/-18%, and 24 patients had LVEF<50%. Mitral annular motion (y) obtained by RT3DE was 11+/-5 mm and correlated moderately well with LVEF (x) measured by MRI (r=0.84, y=0.25x+0.43, p<0.0001). The mitral annular motion<12 mm was a good threshold for detecting LVEF<50% with 96% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and 91% accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mitral annular motion determined by RT3DE correlated moderately well with LVEF; and systolic motion, <12 mm, accurately detected LV dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Jian Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujino
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Saracino
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Neil L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Zoran B
authors.initials: ZB
authors.lastname: Popović
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Agler
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left