Novel markers of oxidative stress in actively progressive HIV dementia.
Oxidative stress leads to the production of reactive oxygen species that can attack lipid membranes resulting in cellular dysfunction and death. Cellular redox state is closely linked to ceramide, sphingomyelin, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) levels. We describe data showing increased levels of these oxidative stress markers in HIV encephalitis. In addition, actively progressing HIV dementia is associated with increases in HNE and ceramide, while inactive HIV dementia is associated with increases in sphingomyelin. These markers may be useful for distinguishing between different clinical phenotypes of HIV dementia.
Sacktor
Ned
N
Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. sacktor@jhmi.edu
Haughey
Norman
N
Cutler
Roy
R
Tamara
Anita
A
Turchan
Jadwiga
J
Pardo
Carlos
C
Vargas
Diana
D
Nath
Avindra
A
D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*
D015415:Biomarkers