title: [Effect of development and aging on the modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in normal subjects].
abstract: The Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) is applied to various types of neurological disorders. Since WCST requires the examinee's sustained efforts, it is not readily applicable to children with developmental disorders. In order to overcome this weakness, Keio version WCST (KWCST) was developed by reducing the number of cards from 128 to 48 and presenting them in two steps separated by a short pause. During which a brief instruction was given. This study was performed to clarify the changes with age in indices of KWCST and to obtain the normative value. Three hundred thirty five normal subjects, ranging from 5 to 82 years of age were examined. A simple regression analysis showed a significant age-related changes. Subjects between the middle thirties and the middle forties showed the best score in such indices as the categories achieved, perseverative errors of Nelson, difficulties of maintaining set, numbers of response cards until the first category achieved, and total errors. Most of the scores were improved in the second step across the all age groups, which might have resulted from learning during the first step and the instruction provided before the second step. KWCST can be performed briefly, and is suitable for cases with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and pervasive developmental disorder.
authors.affiliation: The Joint of Graduate School in Science of School Education, Hyogo University of Teacher Education, Kato-gun, Hyogo.
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kado
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Kiyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abiru
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002659:Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / Q000175:diagnosis; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis