title: [Effect of laparoscopic trocar model on the quality of the movement: experimental study of friction].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To keep the pneumoperitoneum and the tightness of the abdominal and pelvic cavity during a laparoscopy, the sheaths of trocar are provided with a device (valvule, membranes etc.) inducing a friction during the handling of the instrument. The objective of this article is to analyse friction from different types of trocar's port.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present here the experimental results obtained during a testing bench of three different trocar sheaths. The mechanism of tightness of the first trocar sheath is made of a fine membrane associated to a valve, of a thick membrane for the second trocar sheath, whereas the third trocar sheath is made of two membranes, a fine and a thick, associated to a valve. After reporting the experimental device and the analytic model adopted to describe the relationship between the measured physical parameters, we lay out our results. The identification of parameters of this model makes it possible to objectively compare the three trocars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results revealed that, under experimental conditions, the amplitude of friction was significantly lower with trocar's port provided with a valve and a fine membrane than with both other ports (fivefold weaker).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We evoke the importance of the possible disruption brought by these frictions while referring these values to those of other measurements concerning interactions between instrument and organs. These different behaviours of the material could have some consequences in choosing the tools for the performance of precise gestures.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de biophysique (UPRES EA 1049), institut de technologie médicale, CHRU de Lille, 59037, Lille, France. g.picod@caramail.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Picod
authors.forename: A-C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Jambon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vinatier
mesh_terms: D010535:Laparoscopy; D013525:Surgical Instruments