title: Near-infrared imaging of the human breast: complementing hemoglobin concentration maps with oxygenation images.
abstract: We have previously reported a comparison between edge-corrected near-infrared optical mammograms and those that have undergone a further image-processing step based on a spatial second derivative. In this work, we go a step further by combining the second-derivative images from four wavelengths (690, 750, 788, and 856 nm) to obtain oxygenation-index images. While the spatial second derivative improves contrast and allows for visibility of fine structures in the images, thereby improving the sensitivity to tumor detection, additional information is needed to avoid false-positive results. The oxygenation-index images are introduced to address this issue. Oxygenation information may help discriminate benign from malignant breast lesions, thereby effectively complementing single-wavelength optical mammograms that display optically dense regions within the breast with high sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heffer
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pera
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: Horst
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Siebold
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fantini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D001940:Breast / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D041622:Tomography, Optical / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen