title: Cadmium-responsive thiols in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus.
abstract: Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the sustained metal tolerance of ectomycorrhizal fungi are largely unknown. Some of the main mechanisms involved in metal detoxification appear to involve the chelation of metal ions in the cytosol with thiol-containing compounds, such as glutathione, phytochelatins, or metallothioneins. We used an improved high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous measurement of thiol-containing compounds from cysteine and its derivatives (gamma-glutamylcysteine, glutathione) to higher-molecular-mass compounds (phytochelatins). We found that glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine contents increased when the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus was exposed to cadmium. An additional compound with a 3-kDa molecular mass, most probably related to a metallothionein, increased drastically in mycelia exposed to cadmium. The relative lack of phytochelatins and the presence of a putative metallothionein suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungi may use a different means to tolerate heavy metals, such as Cd, than do their plant hosts.
authors.affiliation: Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Henri Poincaré-Nancy I, Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Courbot
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diez
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ruotolo
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chalot
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leroy
mesh_terms: D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003470:Culture Media; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D008667:Metalloproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D038821:Mycorrhizae; D054811:Phytochelatins; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D008667:Metalloproteins; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D002104:Cadmium; D008668:Metallothionein; D054811:Phytochelatins; D005978:Glutathione