title: Botulinum toxin testing in animals: the questions remain unanswered.
abstract: Questions are raised concerning the testing of botulinum toxin in animals, and the British Government's answers to Parliamentary Questions on this issue are reviewed, with an emphasis on the potential for reducing, refining and replacing the animal tests, which can involve substantial severity, and on the responsibility of the Home Office so see that the Three Rs approach is fully applied in this specific case.
authors.affiliation: The Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experimentrs (FRAME), Russell and Burch House, 96-98 North Sherwood Street, Nottingham NG1 4EE, UK.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balls
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000145:classification / Q000633:toxicity*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D011057:Politics; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D001905:Botulinum Toxins