title: Flow cytometric analysis of DNA indices, expression of p53 and multidrug resistance genes in multiple myeloma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a quantitative analysis of DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction % (SPF%), p53 and multidrug resistance (MDR) gene expression as independent prognostic parameters and to compare these parameters with stage of the disease in multiple myeloma (MM) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Peripheral blood bone marrow samples were analyzed for DNA ploidy and SPF% using a FACScan flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson). Detection of p53 and MDR gene expression was done using immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aneuploidy was found in 5/48 (10.42%) total myeloma patients, all of whom revealed hyperdiploidy. High SPF% was noted in 18/37 (48.65%) newly diagnosed MM patients and 5/11 (45.45%) follow-up cases of myeloma. p53 Gene product was noted in 8/48 (16.66%) myeloma patients, 6 newly diagnosed and 2 on follow-up. MDR gene expression was detected in 4/27 (10.81%) newly diagnosed patients and in 1/11 (9.09%)follow-up patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All myeloma patients with aneuploidy revealed hyperdiploidy. The majority of cases with high SPF% were at advanced stages, indicating the prognostic significance of SPF%. Although, there was no statistical significance of DNA ploidy, SPF%, p53 and MDR gene product expression, they are important prognostic parameters. Our results can provide baseline data for comparison with future studies since these parameters have not been reported earlier from the Indian subcontinent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: Vijay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Varma
authors.forename: Harpreet
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vohra
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: Suresh Chandra
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Sharma
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000032:analysis*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D016196:S Phase; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D004247:DNA