title: Gender differences in healthcare utilization and medical indicators among patients with diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe differences in healthcare utilization and health indicators of patients with diabetes, according to gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-based outcome study conducted on 21,277 diabetic patients between the ages of 45 and 64 years who are members of the second largest health maintenance organization in Israel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on healthcare utilization (process indicators) and health problems (outcome indicators) were obtained from computerized medical records that are stored routinely by the organization. The study period was the year 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly (P < 0.05) lower healthcare utilization was observed in men compared with women for all indicators examined (number of visits to physicians and the performance of urine, lipids and creatinine tests). Nonetheless, men showed better health outcomes (lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, HbA1c).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women who suffer from diabetes use more healthcare services and have a higher morbidity rate compared with men. Future research should seek to identify the factors contributing to this observation, which can potentially make an important contribution to the development of disease management strategies that target diabetic women.
authors.affiliation: Medical Division, Maccabi Healthcare Services, 27 HaMered Street, Tel Aviv 68125, Israel.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shalev
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chodick
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Heymann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kokia
mesh_terms: D003920:Diabetes Mellitus; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D012737:Sex Factors