title: Aprotinin decreases the incidence of cognitive deficit following CABG and cardiopulmonary bypass: a pilot randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cognitive deficit after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) has a high prevalence and is persistent. Meta-analysis of clinical trials demonstrates a decreased incidence of stroke after CABG when aprotinin is administrated perioperatively. We hypothesized that aprotinin administration would decrease the incidence of cognitive deficit after CABG.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six ASA III-IV patients undergoing elective CABG were included in a prospective, randomized, single-blinded pilot study. Eighteen patients received aprotinin 2 x 10(6) KIU (loading dose), 2 x 10(6) KIU (added to circuit prime) and a continuous infusion of 5 x 10(5) KIU.hr(-1). A battery of cognitive tests was administered to patients and spouses (n = 18) the day before surgery, four days and six weeks postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four days postoperatively new cognitive deficit (defined by a change in one or more cognitive domains using the Reliable Change Index method) was present in ten (58%) patients in the aprotinin group compared to 17 (94%) in the placebo group [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10-0.62, P = 0.005); (P = 0.01)]. Six weeks postoperatively, four (23%) patients in the aprotinin group had cognitive deficit compared to ten (55%) in the placebo group (95% CI 0.80-0.16, P = 0.005); (P = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this prospective pilot study, the incidence of cognitive deficit after CABG and cardiopulmonary bypass is decreased by the administration of high-dose aprotinin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Wilton Road, Cork, Ireland. dharmon@indigo.ie
authors.forename: Dominic C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: Kamran G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Ghori
authors.forename: Nicholas P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Eustace
authors.forename: Sheila J F
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Callaghan
authors.forename: Aonghus P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Shorten
mesh_terms: D007611:Aprotinin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D007611:Aprotinin