title: [Prenatal hydronephrosis: incidence, management and final diagnoses in 2003].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prenatal diagnosis of renal pyelectasis usually involves postnatal studies to determine whether treatment is necessary or not.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of fetal pyelectasis in our environment, to review our postnatal management protocol, and to review definitive diagnoses.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of newborns with a prenatal diagnosis of pyelectasis. The variables recorded included prenatal ultrasound examinations, gestational age, sex, anthropometric data, postnatal study (ultrasound, cystography, isotopic renogram) and indication for antibiotic prophylaxis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 21 newborns (nine boys and 12 girls). Pyelectasia were located in the right kidney in 10 patients, on the left in seven and were bilateral in four. Antibiotic prophylaxis was administered at birth in seven neonates. Postnatal ultrasound was performed at 17.19 +/- 12.7 days of life and revealed no abnormalities in seven patients, hydronephrosis grade I-II in nine, hydronephrosis grade III in three and suspected double excretion system in two. Cystourethrography and isotopic renogram were performed in six neonates. The definitive diagnoses in the 21 patients were: no abnormalities in 10, non-complicated renal dilatation in seven, double excretion system in two, vesicoureteral reflux grade IV in one and pyeloureteral stenosis in one. None of these newborns had urinary tract infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of prenatal pyelectasis in our hospital is 2 %. Most pyelectasia resolve spontaneously in the first year of life and invasive investigations are not required. Adequate monitoring of these children can avoid urinary tract infections and their sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Martorell, Barcelona, Spain. emayl@vodafone.es
authors.forename: María E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: May Llanas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreira Echeverría
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: García Boente
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Comesías González
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Filloy Lavía
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hernández Sánchez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez de la Cruz
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008297:Male; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014564:Urogenital Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014567:Urography; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000209:etiology