title: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, with radiation-induced GH deficiency, exhibit hyperleptinaemia and impaired insulin sensitivity, unaffected by 12 months of GH treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) often exhibit GH deficiency (GHD), due to prophylactic cranial radiotherapy (CRT). It is not known whether the observed risk for adiposity in these patients is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and whether the insulin sensitivity is affected by GH replacement therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with GHD (median age 29 years), previously given prophylactic CRT for ALL, and 11 sex-, age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls were investigated with bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and analysis of serum leptin, serum free fatty acids (FFA) and serum insulin. Insulin sensitivity was measured by a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique (IS-clamp). Moreover, the effects of 12 months of individually titrated GH treatment (median dose 0.5 mg/day) on these parameters were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the patients had lower fat free mass (FFM) (P = 0.003), higher percentage fat mass (FM) (P = 0.05), serum insulin (P = 0.02) and serum leptin/kg FM (P = 0.01) than controls. The patients had a tendency towards impaired IS-clamp (P = 0.06), which disappeared after correction for body composition (IS-clamp/kg FFM; P > 0.5). In the patients, time since CRT was positively correlated with percentage FM (r = 0.70, P = 0.02), and there was an independent negative association between serum FFA and IS-clamp (P = 0.05). Twelve months of GH treatment increased serum IGF-I (P = 0.003) and FFM (P = 0.02) and decreased percentage FM (P = 0.03), but no significant changes were seen in serum leptin/kg FM, serum FFA, FFA-clamp, serum insulin or IS-clamp (all, P > or = 0.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young adult survivors of childhood ALL with GHD had increased fat mass, hyperleptinaemia and impaired insulin sensitivity, which could be a consequence of radiation-induced impairment of GH secretion or mediated by other hypothalamic dysfunctions, such as leptin resistance or other unknown factors, affected by CRT. Twelve months of individualized GH replacement therapy led to positive effects on body composition, but the hyperleptinaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and the impaired insulin sensitivity remained unchanged.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bülow
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahrén
authors.forename: Ann-Sofie
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Eva Marie
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Erfurth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D017741:Survivors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005947:Glucose