title: Antibody repertoire development in fetal and neonatal pigs. VII. Characterization of the preimmune kappa light chain repertoire.
abstract: Combinatorial diversity is highly restricted in the preimmune porcine H chain repertoire compared with that in humans and mice. This raised the question of whether similar restriction characterized the preimmune L chain repertoire. In this study we present evidence that >90% of all expressed Vkappa genes in the porcine preimmune repertoire belong to three subfamilies of Vkappa genes that share 87% sequence similarity with human IGKV2. This porcine Vkappa family also shares sequence similarity with some, but not all, Vkappa genes from sheep. Hybridization with sperm DNA and sequence analyses of polynucleotides from overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome clones suggest swine possess approximately 60 IGVK2 genes. The latter method also revealed that certain IGKV2 subfamilies are not expressed in the preimmune repertoire. Six members of an IGVK1 family were also expressed as part of the preimmune repertoire, and these shared 87% sequence similarity with human IGVK1. Five Jkappa segments, complete with recombination signal sequences and separated by approximately 300 nt, were identified approximately 3 kb upstream of a single Ckappa. Surprisingly, Jkappa2 accounted for >90% of all framework region 4 sequences in the preimmune repertoire. These findings show that swine use approximately 10 IGVK2 genes from three of six subfamilies and preferentially one Jkappa segment to generate their preimmune kappa repertoire. These studies, like those of porcine Ig constant regions and MHC genes, also indicate unexpected high sequence similarity with their human counterparts despite differences in phylogeny and the mechanism of repertoire diversification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Interdisciplinary Immunology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. john-butler@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wertz
authors.forename: Jishan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Huang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chardon
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Piumi
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000916:Antibody Diversity / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; D003001:Cloning, Molecular / Q000379:methods; D047109:Fetal Development / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000276:immunology*; D015328:Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain; D005807:Genes, Overlapping; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D007144:Immunoglobulin J-Chains / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000276:immunology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013552:Swine; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D007144:Immunoglobulin J-Chains; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains