title: Reaching stability in community-acquired pneumonia: the effects of the severity of disease, treatment, and the characteristics of patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The natural history of the resolution of infectious parameters in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is not completely known. The aim of our study was to identify those factors related to host characteristics, the severity of pneumonia, and treatment that influence clinical stability.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, multicenter, observational study, we observed 1424 patients with CAP who were admitted to 15 Spanish hospitals. The main outcome variable was the number of days needed to reach clinical stability (defined as a temperature of <or=37.2 degrees C, a heart rate of <or=100 beats/min, a respiratory rate of <or=24 breaths/min, systolic blood pressure of >or=90 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation >or=90% or arterial oxygen partial pressure of >or=60 mm Hg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median time to stability was 4 days. A Cox proportional hazard model identified 6 independent variables recorded during the first 24 h after hospital admission related to the time needed to reach stability: dyspnea (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76), confusion (HR, 0.66), pleural effusion (HR, 0.67), multilobed CAP (HR, 0.72), high pneumonia severity index (HR, 0.73), and adherence to the Spanish guidelines for treatment of CAP (HR, 1.22). A second Cox model was performed that included complications and response to treatment. This model identified the following 10 independent variables: chronic bronchitis (HR, 0.81), dyspnea (HR, 0.79), confusion (HR, 0.61), multilobed CAP (HR, 0.84), initial severity of disease (HR, 0.73), treatment failure (HR, 0.31), cardiac complications (HR, 0.66), respiratory complications (HR, 0.77), empyema (HR, 0.57), and admission to the intensive care unit (HR, 0.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some characteristics of CAP are useful at the time of hospital admission to identify patients who will need a longer hospital stay to reach clinical stability. Empirical treatment that follows guidelines is associated with earlier clinical stability. Complications and treatment failure delay clinical stability.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain. rmenend@separ.es
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Menéndez
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez de Castro
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zalacaín
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aspa
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Martín Villasclaras
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Borderías
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Benítez Moya
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Manzano
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blanquer
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Puzo
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Gascón
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallardo
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Molinos
mesh_terms: D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index