title: Adenosine and cAMP are potent inhibitors of the NF-kappa B pathway downstream of immunoreceptors.
abstract: Anergic B lymphocytes exert compromised signal transduction towards the activation of NF-kappa B in response to B cell antigen receptor (BCR) triggering, whereas activation of the ERK pathway appears normal. How this differential down-regulation of the NF-kappa B pathway is regulated remains still elusive. Here, we demonstrate that stimuli known to enhance 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) are capable of selectively suppressing the activation both of NF-kappa B downstream of the BCR and Toll-like receptor 4 in splenic B lymphocytes and of the high-affinity receptor for IgE in BM-derived mast cells. This suppression is accomplished by blocking phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kappa B. A cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor reverses this suppressive effect, indicating that PKA is a downstream effector of cAMP in this process. Importantly, not only drugs that artificially elevate intracellular cAMP levels, but also the nucleoside adenosine, which is known to be a mediator of cellular distress, inhibit the NF-kappa B pathway. This suggests that adenosine-mediated signals represent an important step in the molecular decision process controlling inflammation versus anergic immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute for Biology III, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg and Max Planck Institute for Immunobiology, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minguet
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rosenkranz
authors.forename: Wolfgang W A
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Schamel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reth
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brummer
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; D000241:Adenosine; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D000099192:CD69 Antigens; C485701:Fcgr1 protein, mouse; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse