title: Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus in early stage after heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of tacrolimus (Tac) within the first week after heart transplantation (HT) in adults. Our objective was to investigate the PK profiles of Tac in early after HT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three adult HT patients received Tac as primary immunosuppression. Tac was administered orally at a starting dosage of 0.10 mg/kg/d. The Tac dosages were adjusted to a target range of 10 to 20 ng/mL during the first 1 month after HT. The PK profiles were analyzed immediately after the first dose (PK1; n = 14), at day 3 (PK2; n = 10), and at day 7 (PK3; n = 8) to assess the relationships between PK parameters and acute rejection rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correlation between Tac trough levels and Tac-AUCs were r = .95 PK1; r = .82, PK2; and r = .88, PK3. When AUC(0-12h) was controlled in the range from 150 to 300 ng x h/mL (10 to 20 ng/mL trough levels), 17 of 18 patients (94.4%) did not show evidence of significant rejection (72.2% grade 0, 16.7% 1A, and 5.5% grade 1B). One patient displayed a grade 2 biopsy score (5.5%). Mean AUC(0-12h) values of Tac were significantly lower among patients who experienced acute rejection than those who remained rejection-free (89 vs 217 ng x h/mL, P = .023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The initial trough levels are good indicators of systemic exposure. To reduce the risk of rejection and renal toxicity, the trough levels should be controlled in range from 10 to 20 ng/mL in early stage after HT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Center of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China. adwen@fmmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Aidong
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhenjie
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shanqi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Liping
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016903:Drug Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus