title: N-acetylation and ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of p21(Cip1).
abstract: Expression of the CDK inhibitor p21(Cip1) is tightly regulated by signals that control cell division. p21 is an unstable protein that is degraded by the proteasome; however, the pathway that leads to proteasomal degradation of p21 has proven to be enigmatic. An important issue is whether proteasomal degradation of p21 occurs independently of ubiquitylation or, alternatively, whether ubiquitylation on its N terminus is crucial. We resolve this uncertainty by showing that endogenous cellular p21 is completely acetylated at its amino terminus and is therefore not a substrate for N-ubiquitylation. We further show that inactivation of essential components of the ubiquitylation machinery does not directly impact endogenous p21 degradation. Our results underscore the importance of N-acetylation in restricting N-ubiquitylation and show, in particular, that ubiquitylation of endogenous p21 either at internal lysines or on the N terminus is unlikely to control its degradation by the proteasome.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98029, USA.
authors.forename: Xueyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bloecher
authors.forename: Ruedi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aebersold
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Clurman
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008239:Lysine / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D044786:S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D003513:Cycloheximide; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D008239:Lysine