title: Enhancement of insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake in patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with rosiglitazone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activators have recently been identified as regulators of cellular proliferation, inflammatory responses and lipid and glucose metabolism. These agents prevent coronary arteriosclerosis and improve left ventricular remodelling and function in heart failure after myocardial infarction. Improvement in myocardial metabolic state may be one of the mechanisms behind these findings. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on myocardial glucose uptake in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Placebo and metformin were used as control treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients were randomized to treatment with rosiglitazone (4 mg b.i.d.), metformin (1 g b.i.d.) or placebo in a 26-week double-blinded trial. Myocardial glucose uptake was measured using [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) during euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia before and after the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rosiglitazone increased insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake by 38% (from 38.7 +/- 3.4 to 53.3 +/- 3.6 micromol 100 g(-1) min(-1), P = 0.004) and whole body glucose uptake by 36% (P = 0.01), while metformin treatment had no significant effect on myocardial (40.5 +/- 3.5 vs. 36.6 +/- 5.2, NS) or whole body glucose uptake. Myocardial work as determined by the rate-pressure-product was similar between the groups. Neither treatment had any significant effect on fasting serum free fatty acids (FFA) but the FFA levels during hyperinsulinaemia were more suppressed in the rosiglitazone group (-47%, P = 0.02). Myocardial glucose uptake correlated inversely to FFA concentrations both before (r =-0.54, P = 0.002) and after (r = -0.43, P = 0.01) the treatment period in the pooled data. Furthermore, the increase in myocardial glucose uptake correlated inversely with interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations (r = -0.58, P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the improvement in whole body insulin sensitivity, rosiglitazone treatment enhances insulin stimulated myocardial glucose uptake in patients with Type 2 diabetes, most probably due to its suppression of the serum FFAs.
authors.affiliation: Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hällsten
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lönnqvist
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Janatuinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turiceanu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rönnemaa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehtimäki
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knuuti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuutila
mesh_terms: D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D008687:Metformin; D005947:Glucose