Contextual predictors of mental health service use among children open to child welfare.
BACKGROUND
Children involved with child welfare systems are at high risk for emotional and behavioral problems. Many children with identified mental health problems do not receive care, especially ethnic/minority children.


OBJECTIVE
To examine how patterns of specialty mental health service use among children involved with child welfare vary as a function of the degree of coordination between local child welfare and mental health agencies.


METHODS
Specialty mental health service use for 1 year after contact with child welfare was examined in a nationally representative cohort of children aged 2 to 14 years. Predictors of service use were modeled at the child/family and agency/county levels. Child- and agency-level data were collected between October 15, 1999, and April 30, 2001.


METHODS
Ninety-seven US counties.


METHODS
A total of 2823 child welfare cases (multiple informants) from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being and agency-level key informants from the participating counties.


METHODS
Specialty mental health service use during the year after contact with the child welfare system.


RESULTS
Only 28.3% of children received specialty mental health services during the year, although 42.4% had clinical-level Child Behavior Checklist scores. Out-of-home placement, age, and race/ethnicity were strong predictors of service use rates, even after controlling for Child Behavior Checklist scores. Increased coordination between local child welfare and mental health agencies was associated with stronger relationships between Child Behavior Checklist scores and service use and decreased differences in rates of service use between white and African American children.


CONCLUSIONS
Younger children and those remaining in their homes could benefit from increased specialty mental health services. They have disproportionately low rates of service use, despite high levels of need. Increases in interagency coordination may lead to more efficient allocation of service resources to children with the greatest need and to decreased racial/ethnic disparities.
Hurlburt
Michael S
MS
Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA. mhurlburt@casrc.org
Leslie
Laurel K
LK
Landsverk
John
J
Barth
Richard P
RP
Burns
Barbara J
BJ
Gibbons
Robert D
RD
Slymen
Donald J
DJ
Zhang
Jinjin
J
D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D002669:Child Welfare; D002670:Child, Abandoned / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D005260:Female; D005581:Foster Home Care; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011204:Poverty Areas; D011336:Probability; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data