title: Appropriateness of invasive cardiovascular interventions in German hospitals (2000-2001): an evaluation using the RAND appropriateness criteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Germany has the highest per capita rate of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasties (PTCAs) in Europe and the third highest per capita rate of heart surgeries requiring a heart-lung machine. The goal of this study was to evaluate the appropriateness of PTCA, coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in German hospitals using RAND appropriateness criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study in 121 randomly selected German hospitals (52 % of all hospitals contacted) was performed from December 2000 to August 2001. A total of 361 patients were enrolled providing information on the appropriateness of 128 PTCAs, 92 CABGs, and 141 CEAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inappropriateness rates were 2 % (95 % CI 0 - 5 %), 4 % (95 % CI 1 - 9 %), and 3 % (95 % CI 1 - 7 %) for PTCA, CABG, and CEA, respectively. The overall rate of uncertain procedures was 42 % (95 % CI 36 - 47 %). Only 38 % (95 % CI 32 - 45 %) of patients who received a coronary intervention had had a pre-interventional stress test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study yielded little overt overuse in the performance of PTCAs, CABGs, and CEAs, but potentially large underuse of stress tests. Despite a high per capita rate of invasive cardiovascular interventions in Germany, the rate of inappropriate procedures was not larger than in other countries.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gandjour
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lauterbach
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016894:Endarterectomy, Carotid; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006761:Hospitals / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity