title: Methodological lessons from a cohort study of high risk women in Tanzania.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development, characteristics, and follow up of a high risk cohort of women in Tanzania. Differences in social background and sexual behaviour of women working in traditional and modern alcohol selling workplaces are shown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from questionnaires four months before the enrollment of the cohort, at enrollment, and at 32 months were compared. Key informant interviews, social mapping exercises, and focus group discussions were held before the start of the cohort.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of organised prostitution, two different groups of women with high risk exposure were identified during the baseline survey: female workers in modern alcohol selling places such as bars, guesthouses, and restaurants (barmaids) and in traditional places (local brew sellers). Overall, the population had a mean age of 27.7 years with barmaids tending to be younger (24.3 years) than local brew sellers (34.2 years). The main duration of stay in the current workplace was 2.1 years (barmaids 0.9 years; local brew sellers 4.1 years). Barmaids were more likely to have paying casual sex partners than local brew sellers and used condoms more regularly. Local brew sellers tend to be more stable with only 10% lost to follow up after 32 months compared with 24.4% of the bar workers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary work revealed major differences in characteristics and behaviour between women working in modern and traditional alcohol selling outlets. Thorough preparation of the study, close monitoring of the cohort, and provision of selected benefits resulted in high retention rates over a 32 month project in a highly mobile population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University of Munich, Germany. Oliver.Hoffmann@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zaba
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanga
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maboko
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mmbando
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: von Sonnenburg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoelscher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011633:Public Facilities; D012147:Restaurants; D012747:Sexual Partners; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013636:Tanzania / Q000453:epidemiology; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*