title: Kinetochore-driven formation of kinetochore fibers contributes to spindle assembly during animal mitosis.
abstract: It is now clear that a centrosome-independent pathway for mitotic spindle assembly exists even in cells that normally possess centrosomes. The question remains, however, whether this pathway only activates when centrosome activity is compromised, or whether it contributes to spindle morphogenesis during a normal mitosis. Here, we show that many of the kinetochore fibers (K-fibers) in centrosomal Drosophila S2 cells are formed by the kinetochores. Initially, kinetochore-formed K-fibers are not oriented toward a spindle pole but, as they grow, their minus ends are captured by astral microtubules (MTs) and transported poleward through a dynein-dependent mechanism. This poleward transport results in chromosome bi-orientation and congression. Furthermore, when individual K-fibers are severed by laser microsurgery, they regrow from the kinetochore outward via MT plus-end polymerization at the kinetochore. Thus, even in the presence of centrosomes, the formation of some K-fibers is initiated by the kinetochores. However, centrosomes facilitate the proper orientation of K-fibers toward spindle poles by integrating them into a common spindle.
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201, USA.
authors.forename: Helder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maiato
authors.forename: Conly L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Rieder
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khodjakov
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000502:physiology; D018385:Centrosome / Q000378:metabolism*; D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000235:genetics; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D004398:Dyneins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; D004398:Dyneins