title: Comparative study of FAST gradient echo MRI sequences: phantom study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a balanced steady state free precession sequence (b-SSFP) under a large range of conditions and to compare its performance with other types of gradient echo sequences for dynamic imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Balanced turbo field echo (b-TFE; Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands) was investigated in vitro at a range of T2/T1 along with T1-contrast enhanced turbo field echo (T1-TFE) and turbo field echo (TFE) so that a comparison could be made. Performance was quantified in terms of the initial slope of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) vs. 1/T1 curve (sensitivity) and the range of 1/T1 before signal saturation (contrast dynamic range [CDR]).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The b-TFE sequence was found to best perform, in terms of an optimal CDR, with a 90 degrees flip angle (FA), saturation preparation, and short inversion time. Using these parameters, the sensitivity was also higher than that of the TFE sequence and T1-TFE sequence under their respective optimal conditions. For detection of small changes in contrast agent concentration (0.0-0.1 mM), b-TFE was also found to be the sequence of choice, with optimized parameters as follows, 90 degrees FA, shortest TR/TE, and no magnetization preparation. The smallest matrices gave the highest signal sensitivity for all three sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CDR of b-TFE was much narrower than that of T1-TFE but could be widened under optimized conditions. The sensitivity of the b-TFE technique was the highest of the three sequences under all conditions tested.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, University Hospital of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Rosalind L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: Marko K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ivancevic
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozerke
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vallee
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA