title: In vivo platelet redistribution and acute transient thrombocytopenia after eptifibatide injection in baboons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occurrence of thrombocytopenia has been reported during clinical eptifibatide (Integrilin) therapy, but the exact mechanism is not yet established to explain the varied duration and severity of thrombocytopenia associated with glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors. We assessed the redistribution of platelets in juvenile baboons during acute transient thrombocytopenia that was observed after eptifibatide injection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eptifibatide was administered intravenously to eight baboons by infusion at 20 microg/kg/min or a bolus injection of 10 mg. Platelet distribution was measured with a gamma scintillation camera using 111In-labeled autologous platelets. Platelet function and GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibition were evaluated using the Plateletworks system. The effects of pretreatment with abciximab (0.4 mg/kg) or human immunoglobulin concentrate (0.75 g/kg) were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eptifibatide, administered as an infusion or a bolus, caused transient thrombocytopenia with uptake of platelets predominantly by the liver. The recovery of platelet aggregation was associated with the re-entry of platelets from the liver into the systemic circulation. Pretreatment with either abciximab (0.4 mg/kg) or human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, 0.75 g/kg) attenuated eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia and the hepatic uptake of radiolabeled platelets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute thrombocytopenia after eptifibatide injection was caused by the transient redistribution of platelets to the liver. Attenuation of the decrease in platelet count and hepatic sequestration by abciximab and IVIG suggests that thrombocytopenia may have been caused by ligand-induced binding site antigen induction and recognition by the reticuloendothelial system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Rd., NE, 3B South EUH, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. ktanaka@emory.edu
authors.forename: Kenichi A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Katori
authors.forename: Andrew B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kotze
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Marzec
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D001775:Blood Circulation; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D000077542:Eptifibatide; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D008099:Liver; D010215:Papio; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010979:Platelet Function Tests; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011292:Premedication; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; D010455:Peptides; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D000077542:Eptifibatide; D000077284:Abciximab