title: Transcriptional abnormality of the hsMAD2 mitotic checkpoint gene is a potential link to hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
abstract: MAD2 is localized to kinetochores of unaligned chromosomes, where it inactivates the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, thus contributing to the production of a diffusible anaphase inhibitory signal. Disruption of MAD2 expression leads to defects in the mitotic checkpoint, chromosome missegregation, and tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism by which deregulation and/or abnormality of hsMAD2 expression remains to be elucidated. Here, we clone and analyze a approximately 0.5 kb fragment upstream of hsMAD2 and show that this fragment acts as a strong promoter. Transcriptional dysfunction of hsMAD2 is frequently observed in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and down-regulation of hsMAD2 protein expression is correlated with transcriptional silencing of the hsMAD2 promoter by hypermethylation. These results imply a relationship between transcriptional abnormality of this mitotic checkpoint gene and mitotic abnormality in human cancers.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 411-764, Gyeonggi, Korea.
authors.forename: Sook-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Hyun-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: So-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Geun-Hyoung
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Bok-Im
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Kwan-Hyuck
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Chang-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Woo
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D008938:Mitosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C577697:MAD2L1 protein, human; D064246:Mad2 Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins