title: [Niches of dominant grub populations in different athletic areas of golf course].
abstract: The study on the temporal niche, spatial niche and spatial distribution of dominant grub populations in different athletic areas of golf courses in subtropics showed that except the lower temporal niche breadths of individual grubs in greens III and IV, the dominant grub populations in 4 areas of fairways and greens all had a >0.9 temporal niche breadth. The temporal niche breadth of 4 grub species in fairway highland and greens I and II was the highest, and that in rough highland and green IV was the lowest. For the grub species except Holotrichi-avata, the one-sided low vertical spatial niche breadth was 0.2-0.7. The temporal niche overlap in fairways and greens of 4 grub species was above 0.8, and the spatial niche overlap of great majority grub species was about 0.1-0.6. The spatial niche overlap between Anomala corpulenta and Anomala cupripes in fairways was the highest (>0.8), and that between Anomala corpulenta and Anomala cupripes and between Holotrichi asauteri and Holotrichi-avata in greens was the highest (>0.8). 4 grub species in fairways and greens mainly activated in 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil layers, a few grubs in 10-15 cm soil layer of fairway, and 4 grub species almost could not activate and feed in 10-15 cm soil layer of green.
authors.affiliation: Golf College, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
authors.forename: Zongren
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiangqian
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000254:growth & development*; D017753:Ecosystem; D006055:Golf; D006109:Poaceae; D011156:Population Density; D011235:Predatory Behavior