title: Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the fungicide fenarimol.
abstract: To develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the fungicide fenarimol, two synthesized haptens, haptens-1 and -2, and the purchased 4,4'-DDA were conjugated to carrier proteins (BSA, KLH, and OVA). Polyclonal antibodies raised against hapten-1,2-KLH conjugates in rabbits and the coating antigens of hapten-1,2-BSA conjugates, hapten-2-OVA conjugate, and 4,4'-DDA-BSA conjugate were screened and selected for the homologous and/or heterologous ELISA formats. Two competitive indirect ELISAs were selected: assays I and II. The optimized ciELISAs of assays I and II showed average IC(50) values of fenarimol of 5.4 and 9.4 ng/mL, detection ranges of 1.1-25.9 and 1.1-82.7 ng/mL, and lowest detection limits of 0.3 and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivities with several structurally related compounds indicated the importance of the steric fitness in the antigen-antibody interaction. Recoveries of fenarimol from apple and pear samples spiked with the analyte by assay I were in the range of 93-113% by simple extraction, concentration, and dilution. This assay could be a convenient and supplemental analytical tool for monitoring fenarimol residues in environmental and agricultural samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea. jklee@cbnu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Jae Koo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sun Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eun Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Yun Jung
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kee Sung
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kyung
mesh_terms: D000918:Antibody Specificity; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000032:analysis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D011743:Pyrimidines; C033789:fenarimol