title: Recurrent mitral regurgitation after annuloplasty for functional ischemic mitral regurgitation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to characterize the temporal return of mitral regurgitation after annuloplasty for functional ischemic mitral regurgitation; to identify its predictors, particularly with respect to annuloplasty type; and to determine whether annuloplasty type influences survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 1985 through November 2002, 585 patients underwent annuloplasty alone for repair of functional ischemic mitral regurgitation, generally with concomitant coronary revascularization (95%). A flexible band (Cosgrove) was used in 68%, a rigid ring (Carpentier) in 21%, and bovine pericardial annuloplasty (Peri-Guard) in 11%. Six hundred seventy-eight postoperative echocardiograms were available in 422 patients to assess the time course of postoperative mitral regurgitation and its correlates. Most echocardiograms were performed early after the operation (median, 8 days); 17% were performed at 1 year or beyond.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first 6 months after repair, the proportion of patients with 0 or 1+ mitral regurgitation decreased from 71% to 41%, whereas the proportion with 3+ or 4+ regurgitation increased from 13% to 28% ( P < .0001); the regurgitation grade was stable thereafter. The temporal pattern of development of 3+ or 4+ regurgitation was similar for Cosgrove bands and Carpentier rings (25%) but substantially worse for Peri-Guard annuloplasties (66%). Small annuloplasty size did not influence postoperative regurgitation grade ( P = .2), although Cosgrove bands were used in most patients receiving 26- and 28-mm annuloplasties. Freedom from reoperation was 97% at 5 years. Annuloplasty type was not associated with survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although initial mitral valve replacement would eliminate the risk of postoperative mitral regurgitation, this strategy has been associated with reduced survival. Therefore the development of additional techniques is necessary to achieve more secure repair of functional ischemic mitral regurgitation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Edwin C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: A Marc
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gillinov
authors.forename: Eugene H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Blackstone
authors.forename: Jeevanantham
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajeswaran
authors.forename: Gideon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Najam
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: Joseph F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Sabik
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Lytle
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Delos M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors