title: Assessment of longitudinal changes in HIV-specific effector activity in subjects undergoing untreated primary HIV infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the failure of HIV-specific cell-mediated immune responses to clear the virus, these cells play a critical role in the control of viral replication throughout HIV infection.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the natural evolution of the HIV-specific immune response in HIV primary infection (PI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Untreated individuals, recruited in HIV PI, were monitored for the evolution of HIV-specific immune responses starting in early HIV disease. Longitudinal analysis of changes in the magnitude and breadth of HIV-specific responses to a panel of MHC class I-restricted peptides was performed using the quantitative interferon-gamma ELISPOT assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although immune responses were detected in all individuals at all times tested, the pattern of the immune responses differed significantly from that seen in subjects treated in PI. Untreated PI subjects exhibited dramatic changes with time in the frequency of individual HIV peptide-specific T-cell responses. In contrast HIV-specific immunity was stable in subjects treated in early PI or decreased in intensity and breadth in individuals treated later in PI. In untreated subjects the overall magnitude of HIV-specific reactivity persisted over at least 12 months whereas the number of peptides recognized declined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that a significant relationship existed between the magnitude of the HIV-specific response and viral load, it is likely that these effector cell expansions and contractions are driven by changes in antigen load.
authors.affiliation: McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Galit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.forename: Christos Micheal
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Tsoukas
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rouleau
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Côté
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Routy
authors.forename: Rafik-Pierre
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Sékaly
authors.forename: Nicole Flore
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Bernard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D007371:Interferon-gamma