title: Inactivation of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in red cell concentrates using INACTINE PEN110 chemistry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The risk of transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections as a result of the presence of bacteria in blood is one of the major concerns in transfusion medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether bacteria inoculated into red blood cell concentrates can be inactivated by the INACTINE PEN110 pathogen-reduction process. Four bacterial species were chosen for the study: anaerobic Gram-positive Clostridium perfringens and Propionibacterium acnes, known to be transfusion-transmitted; and two Gram-negative species, Acinetobacter johnsonii and Acinetobacter lwoffii, recently reported to be a common cause of transfusion-associated infections in Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Identical units of leucoreduced red cell concentrates were inoculated with A. johnsonii, A. lwoffii, C. perfringens, or P. acnes. The 4 degrees C control units were put on storage immediately after receiving the spike. The test units were subjected to PEN110 treatment and then stored. The bacterial titre in all units was monitored during a 6-week storage period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PEN110 inactivation of all tested bacterial strains was time- and titre-dependent. For A. johnsonii and A. lwoffii, no viable bacteria were detected in the units spiked with up to 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml and treated with PEN110. For red cell units spiked with 10(4)-10(5) CFU/ml of C. perfringens and P. acnes, no viable bacteria were detected in the units treated with PEN110. In control units, there was a gradual decrease in A. johnsonii, A. lwoffii and C. perfringens titres during cold storage, while P. acnes titres remained stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PEN110 pathogen-reduction process was demonstrated to inactivate high titres of A. johnsonii, A. lwoffii, C. perfringens and P. acnes in red cell concentrates.
authors.affiliation: V. I. Technologies, Inc., Watertown, MA 02472, USA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zavizion
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serebryanik
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alford
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Purmal
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000187:drug effects; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D003016:Clostridium perfringens / Q000187:drug effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D011073:Polyamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000187:drug effects; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: C451719:PEN 110; D011073:Polyamines