title: Spatial compression and adaptation with the low vision telescope.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Geometrical analysis of monocular visual information specifying distance shows that a low vision telescope compresses optically specified distances by a factor about equal to its magnification. Using a group of eight visually healthy adults, we investigated the initial perceptual effect of putting on a 2x Galilean telescope and the adaptation produced by wearing the telescope.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viewing was monocular, and the environment was only visible through the telescope. Because the telescope reduced the field of view to 13 degrees , we also tested a different group of eight visually normal adults who wore a simple monocular tube that restricted the field of view to 13 degrees . We measured perceived distance in a corridor using a visually directed open-loop walking task with distances ranging from 4 to 8 m. For both groups, monocular distance perception was measured before putting on the viewing device (baseline), immediately after putting on the viewing device (preadaptation), after wearing the viewing device during a 30-minute period of visual-motor activities (postadaptation), and immediately after taking off the viewing device (aftereffect).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Comparing preadaptation with baseline measurements, the viewing devices produced a 15.4% initial compression of perceived distance on average. Comparing aftereffect with baseline measurements, the adaptation period produced a negative aftereffect that was 56.5% of the initial compression, thus showing substantial adaptation. The initial compression and the adaptation were highly significant effects, but neither effect was significantly different for the telescope group and the tube group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that free head movements in a structured environment can largely overcome the optically specified compression of distance produced by the 2x magnification of a low vision telescope, but there remains a significant initial compression of perceived distance that is produced by the restricted field of view. This compression can be substantially reduced by a short period of interaction with the environment.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York, State College of Optometry, New York, New York 10036, USA.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Sedgwick
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004215:Distance Perception; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D007909:Lenses; D009068:Movement; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D015349:Vision, Monocular