title: Efficacy of argon plasma coagulation in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various methods of endoscopic hemostasis have been described. However, few reports have investigated the efficacy of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of APC in various types of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study was designed as a prospective and observational study. A total of 254 consecutive patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (excluding variceal bleeding) were primarily treated using APC. If it was difficult to achieve complete hemostasis with APC alone, injection of a hypertonic saline-epinephrine solution and clipping were carried out. The initial hemostasis rate, rate of recurrent bleeding after APC, permanent hemostasis rate, and mean procedure time were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial hemostasis with APC alone was achieved in 193 of the 254 patients (75.9 %). With the assistance of other methods as well, initial hemostasis was achieved in 253 patients (99.6 %). Among the 193 patients treated with APC alone, recurrent bleeding was observed in 11 cases (11 of 193, 5.7 %). With one exception, these cases of recurrent bleeding were controlled with APC alone again; permanent hemostasis was thus ultimately achieved with APC alone in 192 of the 254 patients (75.5 %). The mean procedure time was 8 min. No complications (such as perforation) were observed with the APC treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that APC is a safe, quick, and effective method of treating various types of nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding and that it can be a powerful tool for endoscopic hemostasis.
authors.affiliation: Center for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Kyoto Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. kanai@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019370:Observation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D041742:Upper Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000601:surgery*