title: Overexpression of estrogen receptor-alpha in the endometrial carcinoma cell line Ishikawa: inhibition of growth and angiogenic factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A high level of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) is believed to be favorable in the prognosis and treatment of endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer. High levels of ER-alpha have been shown to inhibit the growth and invasive, metastatic potential of breast cancer cell lines. To bring about these inhibitory effects, ER-alpha probably acts through other cellular factors involved in the regulation of cell growth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of high levels ER-alpha in growth inhibition of endometrial cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  A human ER-alpha cDNA was stably overexpressed in an endometrial cancer cell line, namely, Ishikawa. ER-alpha-overexpressing, parent, and control Ishikawa cells were grown in vitro and their growth rates were compared by cell count. ER-alpha-overexpressing and parent Ishikawa cells were also grown in vitro as tumors in a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, and tumor growth and angiogenesis was measured. Finally, levels of angiogenesis-modulating factors, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were examined in relation to ER overexpression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The growth of Ishikawa cells was found inhibited in culture as well as in the CAM model. Angiogenesis of CAM tumors was also found inhibited in ER-overexpressing cells. Angiogenic factor VEGF was inhibited whereas the activity of NOS was found elevated following ER overexpression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our work on the Ishikawa cell line indicates that high levels of ER-alpha in endometrial cancer may inhibit cancer growth by modulating angiogenic factors, thereby limiting the blood supply to the growing tumor. Our results support the earlier data from other groups that have shown a positive correlation between high ER content and better prognosis of endometrial cancers.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA. syed.ali@aku.edu
authors.forename: Syed Hamid
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Shaker
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.forename: Paresh
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dandona
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000098:blood supply; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase