title: Oral immunization of mice with Japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein synthesized in Escherichia coli induces anti-viral antibodies.
abstract: In order to evaluate the possibility of developing an oral vaccine against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), mice were fed with recombinant JEV envelope (E) protein synthesized in Escherichia coli. The protein was administered orally to mice with or without an immunostimulatory cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motif containing synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) as an adjuvant. The immunized mice made high-titered anti-E and anti-JEV antibodies. Mice immunized with JEV E protein along with the ODN adjuvant produced higher antibody titers and these were predominantly IgG2a type. These antibodies, however, failed to neutralize JEV activity in vitro, and the immunization did not protect the mice against lethal JEV challenge. Splenocytes from the immunized mice secreted large amounts of interferon (IFN)-gamma and showed proliferation in the presence of JEV E protein. Our results indicate that JEV E protein delivered orally to mice together with ODN generated both humoral and cellular immune responses to JEV, and these were of the Th1 type.
authors.affiliation: Virology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, JNU Complex, New Delhi 110 067, India.
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rauthan
authors.forename: Rupinderjeet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaur
authors.forename: Mohan Babu
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Appaiahgari
authors.forename: Sudhanshu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vrati
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D004664:Encephalitis Virus, Japanese / Q000276:immunology*; D004672:Encephalitis, Japanese / Q000517:prevention & control; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014611:Vaccination; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C080628:glycoprotein E, Japanese encephalitis virus; D007371:Interferon-gamma