The ethylene signaling pathway.
Plants use a structurally very simple gas molecule, the hydrocarbon ethylene, to modulate various developmental programs and coordinate responses to a multitude of external stress factors. How this simple molecule generates such a diverse array of effects has been the subject of intense research for the past two decades. A fascinating signaling pathway, with classical as well as novel plant-specific signaling elements, is emerging from these studies. We describe the four main modules that constitute this signaling pathway: a phosphotransfer relay, an EIN2-based unit, a ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation component, and a transcriptional cascade. The canonical and Arabidopsis ethylene signaling pathways in the Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment Connections Maps provide a complete panoramic view of these signaling events in plants.
Alonso
Jose M
JM
Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. jmalonso@unity.ncsu.edu
Stepanova
Anna N
AN
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C119963:EIN2 protein, Arabidopsis; C106987:EIN3 protein, Arabidopsis; D005030:Ethylenes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014157:Transcription Factors; C083750:ethylene receptors, plant; C093680:ethylene-responsive element binding protein; C036216:ethylene; D044843:SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases