title: Roles of the intracellular regions of angiotensin II receptor AT2 in mediating reduction of intracellular cGMP levels.
abstract: We have shown previously that the angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor AT2 reduces the intracellular levels of cGMP in Xenopus oocytes when activated by ligand binding, and the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the AT2 acts as a negative regulator of this function. Here we report the effects of mutations in the 2nd and 3rd intracellular loops of AT2 on AT2-mediated cGMP reduction. Mutating the highly conserved DRY motif (D141G-R142G-Y143A) of the 2nd ICL implicated in activating G(alpha) subunit of trimeric G-proteins did not affect AT2-mediated cGMP reduction. Moreover, anti-Gialpha antibody or phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX did not inhibit AT2-mediated cGMP reduction, suggesting that Gialpha activation and subsequent phosphodiesterase activation are not involved in this function. In contrast, mutations T250R-R251N and L255F-K256R located in the C-terminus of the 3rd ICL of AT2 retained ligand-binding properties of the wild-type AT2, and its ability to interact with the ErbB3 in yeast two-hybrid assay, but abolished AT2-mediated cGMP reduction. Similarities in the roles of ICLs of AT2 in AT2-mediated cGMP reduction in oocytes, and AT2-mediated SHP1 activation in COS-7 cells, (need of 3rd ICL for both functions and lack of involvement of DRY motif), suggest that the cascade of events in these two signaling mechanisms could be similar, and that an oocyte-specific SHP1-like protein may be involved in AT2-mediated cGMP reduction in these cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pulakat
authors.forename: Simi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knowle
authors.forename: Nara
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gavini
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3 / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D044385:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; D044139:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D006152:Cyclic GMP