title: Allelic imbalances in endometrial stromal neoplasms: frequent genetic alterations in the nontumorous normal-appearing endometrial and myometrial tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) is among the rarest primary malignant tumors of the uterus. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MIS) in different tissue components of ESS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using PCR, we examined DNA extracts from microdissected tissues of 27 uterus samples containing malignant stromal cells of ESS (20 low grade and 3 high grade sarcomas), benign tumor cells of endometrial stromal nodules (ESN, 4 cases) as well as tumor-free myometrial and endometrial tissues close to and distant from the tumors. Normal cervical tissues (epithelial cells, stroma cells) were also microdissected and analyzed. Fifteen polymorphic DNA markers (chromosomes 2p, 3p, 5q, 10q, 11q, 13q, and 17p) were tested to identify possible genetic alterations. Samples from 10 women with prolapsed uteri without any histopathologic abnormalities were also selected as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While no genetic alterations could be identified in 12 (44.5%) ESS cases, 15 (55.5%) revealed LOH with at least one polymorphic DNA marker. LOH were found in 3 (100%) high-grade sarcomas, 10 (50%) low-grade ESS, and 2 (50%) benign ESN. Although LOH was found more often in the neoplastic stromal cells, several cases showed concurrent and independent LOH in the tumor-free myometrial or endometrial tissues either close to or distant from the tumors. The most common genetic abnormality (LOH) was observed at PTEN, a tumor suppressor gene located on chromosome 10q. No tumor was associated with microsatellite instability (MSI). The control group without any histologic abnormalities did not show LOH or MSI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequent occurrence of LOH and the lack of MSI suggest that loss of function(s) of tumor suppressor genes and not mismatch repair deficiency plays a key role in the pathogenesis of endometrial stromal neoplasms. The concurrent and independent occurrence of LOH in the stromal tumor cells and the tumor-free and normal-appearing myometrial and endometrial tissues strongly support the concept of genetic alterations in microenvironmental tissues and the interaction(s) between different tissue components in the development and progression of endometrial stromal neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, A-8036 Graz, Austria. farid.moinfar@uni-graz.at
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moinfar
authors.forename: Marie-Luise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kremser
authors.forename: Yan Gao
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Man
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zatloukal
authors.forename: Fattaneh A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Tavassoli
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Denk
mesh_terms: D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D009215:Myometrium / Q000502:physiology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D018203:Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human