title: Calcium channel blockers and risk of AD: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between use of calcium channel blockers (CCB), dihydropyridine (DHP) or nondihydropyridine (nonDHP) type CCB and risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or mortality. There is evidence suggesting that calcium plays a key role in changes in the brain leading to AD. Previous reports suggest a possible role for CCB in the treatment of AD. However, there are some indications that CCB increase mortality in patients with cardiac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 1092 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) older than 60 years of age. Data on CCB use was collected prospectively for up to 19 years. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and confidence intervals (CI) of AD and mortality associated with use of CCB or use of only DHP or nonDHP-CCB. Analyses were adjusted for gender, education, smoking, blood pressure and history of heart problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Use of DHP-CCB was not associated with a significantly reduced risk of AD compared to non-users, although the estimate of the RR was low with DHP-CCB (RR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.07-1.25, P = 0.10). Use of nonDHP-CCB was not associated with reduced risk of AD and the estimate of the RR risk was close to one (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.37-1.83, P = 0.63). In addition, there was no increase in mortality among users of DHP-CCB (RR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.32-1.29, P = 0.21) or nonDHP-CCB (RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.65-1.87, P = 0.72).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Users of DHP-CCB and nonDHP-CCB in this study did not have a significantly reduced risk of AD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 5505 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. syasar@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yasar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corrada
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brookmeyer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kawas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D015142:Baltimore / Q000453:epidemiology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers