title: Effect of 'PC Game Room' use and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure on plasma testosterone concentrations in young male Koreans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  'PC Game Rooms' were first popularized in Korea, although the concept is now becoming popular worldwide. PC Game Rooms provide users with high-performance PC connected to the high-speed internet, and access to computer games. However, PC Game Room users are exposed to various hazardous agents such as cigarette smoke in a confined environment, and thus it is likely that excessive PC Game Room use involves abnormal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) as well as being associated with disturbed sleep or circadian rhythm.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cross-sectional study, the exposure to PAH was evaluated by measuring urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2-naphthol. The correlations between PC Game Room use and PAH exposure and plasma testosterone and LH levels were analysed in 208 young male Koreans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary 1-OHP concentrations increased (P = 0.0001) and plasma testosterone levels decreased (P = 0.0153) significantly with increased duration of PC Game Room use. Correlation analysis showed that plasma testosterone concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with urinary 1-OHP (r = -0.22, P = 0.0012) and 2-naphthol (r = -0.15, P = 0.0308) concentrations. Moreover, these associations persisted after adjusting for other independent variables. However, the duration of PC Game Room use itself was not found to be an independent significant determinant of plasma testosterone level. Rather, PC Game Room use increased PAH exposure, which decreased plasma testosterone level. The younger age group (15-19 years) showed a more prominent decrease in plasma testosterone concentrations with increasing duration of PC Game Room use than the older age group (20-24 years) (r2 = 0.355, P = 0.0301 versus r2 = 0.213, P = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results imply that the excessive use of PC Game Rooms is related to an adverse impact on sex hormonal status in young male Koreans via PAH exposure. This effect was more prominent in the younger age group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Heon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Seung-Yup
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Seok Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sung-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Koong
authors.forename: Yong-Dae
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chul-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000097:blood; D044466:Asian People; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009284:Naphthols / Q000652:urine; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000378:metabolism; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D018910:Video Games / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D009284:Naphthols; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011721:Pyrenes; D013739:Testosterone; C033146:1-hydroxypyrene; C028405:2-naphthol