title: Very low birthweight in African American infants: the role of maternal exposure to interpersonal racial discrimination.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined whether African American women's lifetime exposure to interpersonal racial discrimination is associated with pregnancy outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a case-control study among 104 African American women who delivered very low birthweight (<1500 g) preterm (<37 weeks) infants and 208 African American women who delivered non-low-birthweight (>2500 g) term infants in Chicago, Ill.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio of very low birthweight infants for maternal lifetime exposure to interpersonal racism in 3 or more domains equaled 3.2 (95% confidence intervals=1.5, 6.6) and 2.6 (1.2, 5.3), respectively. This association tended to persist across maternal sociodemographic, biomedical, and behavioral characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lifelong accumulated experiences of racial discrimination by African American women constitute an independent risk factor for preterm delivery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. jcollins@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Arden
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Handler
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D011247:Pregnancy; D011287:Prejudice; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors