Multiparametric and multinuclear magnetic resonance imaging of human breast cancer: current applications.
The exploration of novel imaging methods that have the potential to improve specificity for the identification of malignancy is still critically needed in breast imaging. Changes in physiologic alterations of soft tissue water associated with breast cancer can be visualized by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. However, it is unlikely that a single MR parameter can characterize the complexity of breast tissue. Techniques such as multiparametric MR imaging, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRSI) imaging, and 23Na sodium MR imaging when used in combination provide a comprehensive data set with potentially more power to diagnose breast disease than any single measure alone. A combination of MR, MRSI, and 23Na sodium MR parameters may be examined in a single MR imaging examination, potentially resulting in improved specificity for radiologic evaluation of malignancy.
Jacobs
Michael A
MA
The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. mikej@mri.jhu.edu
Ouwerkerk
Ronald
R
Wolff
Antonio C
AC
Stearns
Vered
V
Bottomley
Paul A
PA
Barker
Peter B
PB
Argani
Pedram
P
Khouri
Nagi
N
Davidson
Nancy E
NE
Bhujwalla
Zaver M
ZM
Bluemke
David A
DA
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011522:Protons; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology
D011522:Protons; D012964:Sodium