title: Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and streptozocin in the treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of systemic chemotherapy in the management of pancreatic endocrine carcinoma (islet cell carcinoma; PEC) is an area of considerable controversy. Response rates ranging from 6% to 69% have been reported for streptozocin-based chemotherapy. We retrospectively studied 84 patients with locally advanced or metastatic PEC who had been treated with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and streptozocin (FAS) to determine the objective response rate, duration of progression-free survival (PFS), and duration of overall survival (OS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible patients had histologic or cytologic confirmation of their tumor and measurable disease on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Response to treatment was evaluated in this study using the new international criteria proposed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one of the patients were male and 23 were female, with a median age of 54 years (range, 24 to 78 years). The response rate (RR) to FAS was 39%, with a median response duration of 9.3 months. The 2-year PFS rate was 41%, and the 2-year OS rate was 74%. The extent of liver metastatic disease correlated with a worse PFS (P = .01 by log-rank test) and a worse OS (P < .0001 by log-rank test). Analyses showed that metastatic replacement of more than 75% of the liver and prior chemotherapy were independently associated with inferior PFS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with locally advanced or metastatic PEC who are treated with FAS may have a reasonable RR, and responders may experience longer PFS and OS. The volume of metastases in the liver is the most important predictor of outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kouvaraki
authors.forename: Jaffer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ajani
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoff
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lozano
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018273:Carcinoma, Islet Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D020551:Pulse Therapy, Drug; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013311:Streptozocin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D005472:Fluorouracil