title: Fixed precision sampling plans for white apple leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) on apple.
abstract: Constant precision sampling plans for the white apple leafhopper, Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee, were developed so that it could be used as an indicator species for system stability as new integrated pest management programs without broad-spectrum pesticides are developed. Taylor's power law was used to model the relationship between the mean and the variance, and Green's constant precision sequential sample equation was used to develop sampling plans. Bootstrap simulations of the sampling plans showed greater precision (D = 0.25) than the desired precision (Do = 0.3), particularly at low mean population densities. We found that by adjusting the Do value in Green's equation to 0.4, we were able to reduce the average sample number by 25% and provided an average D = 0.31. The sampling plan described allows T. pomaria to be used as reasonable indicator species of agroecosystem stability in Washington apple orchards.
authors.affiliation: Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, 1100 N. Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA 98801, USA.
authors.forename: Elizabeth H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Beers
authors.forename: Vincent P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000502:physiology*; D007300:Insect Control; D027845:Malus / Q000469:parasitology*; D011156:Population Density