title: Association of DC-SIGN promoter polymorphism with increased risk for parenteral, but not mucosal, acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
abstract: There is considerable debate about the fundamental mechanisms that underlie and restrict acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. In light of recent studies demonstrating the ability of C type lectins to facilitate infection with HIV-1, we explored the potential relationship between polymorphisms in the DC-SIGN promoter and risk for acquisition of HIV-1 according to route of infection. Using samples obtained from 1,611 European-American participants at risk for parenteral (n = 713) or mucosal (n = 898) infection, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the DC-SIGN promoter using single-strand conformation polymorphism. Individuals at risk for parenterally acquired infection who had -336C were more susceptible to infection than were persons with -336T (odds ratio = 1.87, P = 0.001). This association was not observed in those at risk for mucosally acquired infection. A potential role for DC-SIGN specific to systemic acquisition and dissemination of infection is suggested.
authors.affiliation: Basic Research Program, SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Maureen P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lederman
authors.forename: Holli B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Hutcheson
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Goedert
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: van Kooyk
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Detels
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buchbinder
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoots
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrington
mesh_terms: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics*; D009092:Mucous Membrane; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000099215:DC-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin