title: Cell and tissue specific expression of human Krüppel-like transcription factors in human ocular surface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The ocular surface, composed of the conjunctiva and the cornea, is essential for vision. Its integrity depends on numerous molecular and cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion, and extracellular matrix homeostasis, whose deregulation can induce ophthalmological pathologies. The Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLFs) family is made up of 15 C2H2 zinc-finger proteins involved in vertebrate development and able to control cell proliferation, growth, and differentiation. In order to better define their respective roles in the human ocular surface, we decided to determine their pattern of expression in ocular tissues. We then focused on the expression of KLF4 and some of its target genes to establish KLF4's biological activities in human ocular surface.
  
  
  METHODS
  Firstly, total mRNA was extracted from human total cornea, conjunctiva, corneal epithelial cells (primary culture and established cell line), corneal keratocytes (primary culture), corneal endothelial cells (established cell line), and conjunctival epithelial cells (established cell line) and submitted to RT-PCR experiments in order to determine the expression patterns of the different KLFs. Secondly, KLF4 protein localization was visualized by immunofluorescence assays at tissue and cell levels. Finally, KLF4 target genes (endoglin, ornithine decarboxylase) mRNA expression levels were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, after KLF4 transient transfection in human corneal epithelium (HCE) cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected the presence of twelve transcripts of KLFs in the cornea (KLF2, KLF3, KLF4, KLF5, KLF6, KLF7, KLF8, KLF10, KLF11, KLF12, KLF13, and KLF16) and eight in the conjunctiva (KLF2, KLF3, KLF4, KLF6, KLF7, KLF10, KLF11, and KLF12). Under our conditions, the transcripts encoding KLF1 and KLF9 were never detected. Specific expression patterns of each KLF were also determined for the major cellular components of the human cornea and conjunctiva. KLF4 immunolocalization assays indicated its presence in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of conjunctival and corneal cells. KLF4 transient overexpression in HCE cells down regulated both endoglin and ODC mRNA levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time, we established the presence of a KLF network in the human ocular surface and illustrated the conservation of KLF4's biological properties in a corneal derived epithelial cell line.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, CHU, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiambaretta
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Graeve
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turet
authors.forename: Geoffroy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marceau
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gain
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dastugue
authors.forename: Daniéle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rigal
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sapin
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D002460:Cell Line; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071063:Endoglin; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000378:metabolism; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016335:Zinc Fingers / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase