title: Infectious molecular clone of a recently transmitted pediatric human immunodeficiency virus clade C isolate from Africa: evidence of intraclade recombination.
abstract: Although human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade C continues to dominate the pandemic, only two infectious clade C proviral DNA clones have been described (N. Mochizuki, N. Otsuka, K. Matsuo, T. Shiino, A. Kojima, T. Kurata, K. Sakai, N. Yamamoto, S. Isomura, T. N. Dhole, Y. Takebe, M. Matsuda, and M. Tatsumi, AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 15:1321-1324, 1999; T. Ndung'u, B. Renjifo, and M. Essex, J. Virol. 75:4964-4972, 2001). We have generated an infectious molecular clone of a pediatric clade C strain, HIV1084i, which was isolated from a Zambian infant infected either intrapartum or through breastfeeding. HIV1084i is an R5, non-syncytium-inducing isolate that bears all known clade C signatures; gag, pol, and env consistently mapped within clade C. Interestingly, gag resembled Asian isolates, whereas pol and env resembled African isolates, indicating that HIV1084i probably arose from an intraclade recombination. As a recently transmitted clade C strain, HIV1084i will be a useful vaccine development tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer, Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney St., Boston, MA 02115-6084, USA.
authors.forename: Ricky D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Grisson
authors.forename: Agnès-Laurence
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Chenine
authors.forename: Lan-Yu
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Ganapati J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Chipepo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kankasa
authors.forename: Ruth M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ruprecht
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D015024:Zambia