title: Disinfection kinetics of pathogens in physicochemical sludge treated with ammonia.
abstract: Ammonia is a disinfectant which can diffuse through the membrane of highly resistant structures like helminth ova. Thus, it can be considered an alternative disinfectant of wastewater sludge with high pathogenic content. In this study, the kinetic parameters of the Hom model were used to describe the inactivation with ammonia of faecal coliforms, Salmonella spp. and viable helminth ova. These were obtained in processes considering the addition of ammonia alone as well as for ammonia combined with an increase in temperature. The sludge was sampled from a municipal wastewater treatment plant using an APT (Advanced Primary Treatment) or CEP (Chemical Enhanced Primary) process. With 20% w/w of ammonia, 7 logs of faecal coliforms, 6 logs of Salmonella spp., and 83% of viable helminth ova were reduced in 2 hours contact time. To eliminate 100% of the helminth ova from samples having 88-132 ova/g TS it was needed to combine 20% of ammonia with 50 degrees C. The analysis of parameters k, n and m indicate higher resistance to inactivation of helminth ova compared to bacteria and a better performance of the ammonia process than lime stabilization to inactivate microorganisms. In addition, ammonia increased the agricultural value of the biosolids produced.
authors.affiliation: Orizaba Institute of Technology (ITO), 852 Tecnológico, Zapata 94320, Orizaba, Mexico. jmendez@itorizaba.edu.mx
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jimenez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maya
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects*; D006376:Helminths / Q000187:drug effects*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D008800:Mexico; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010063:Ovum / Q000187:drug effects; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects*; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D000641:Ammonia