title: Contralateral breast cancer and thromboembolic events in African American women treated with tamoxifen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information about breast cancer treatment and prevention in African American women is scant, and recommendations for therapy from clinical trials for breast cancer are based primarily on data obtained from white women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the effects of tamoxifen on risk of contralateral breast cancer and thromboembolic events in African American women and white women with a history of primary breast cancer. Data from 13 National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project clinical trials were pooled for analyses of time to contralateral breast cancer as a first event (eight trials and 10,619 patients) and of time to any thromboembolic phenomenon as a first event (all 13 trials and 20,878 patients). Risk factors for contralateral breast cancer and thromboembolic events among all women were determined using univariate proportional hazards models. (For each racial group, the rate of events associated with tamoxifen use was calculated as the ratio of the incidence rate with tamoxifen to that without tamoxifen.) Proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and risk ratios. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk factors for contralateral breast cancer were body mass index (BMI) and lymph node positivity; those for thromboembolic events were BMI and age. In women of both ethnicities with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, those who took tamoxifen experienced a similar reduction in contralateral breast cancer (risk ratio for African American women = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.46 to 1.17, n = 690; risk ratio for white women = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.59 to 0.98, n = 9929; P = .92). Tamoxifen was also associated with an increase in thromboembolic events. The relative risk for thromboembolic events was higher in both African American and white women treated with tamoxifen and chemotherapy than in those who were treated with tamoxifen alone (risk ratio for African American women = 10.70, 95% CI = 5.94 to 19.28 versus 2.16, 95% CI = 1.26 to 3.71; n = 1842; risk ratio for white women = 15.49, 95% CI = 9.53 to 25.17 versus 3.13, 95% CI = 2.04 to 4.79, n = 19,036), and this effect was similar between the races (P = .10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  African American and white women appear to have the same risks of contralateral breast cancer and thromboembolic events in response to tamoxifen treatment.
authors.affiliation: CORE Investigators National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6130 Executive Blvd., EPN 2014, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. wm57h@nih.gov
authors.forename: Worta
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McCaskill-Stevens
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mamounas
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garvey
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: D Lawrence
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Wickerham
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen