title: Long-term follow-up of indocyanine green-assisted peeling of the retinal internal limiting membrane during vitrectomy surgery for idiopathic macular hole repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted retinal internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling during macular hole repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, interventional, noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twenty-one eyes of 114 patients with stage 2, 3, or 4 idiopathic macular holes that underwent ICG-assisted macular hole repair during the period of August 1999 to January 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  All eyes underwent a pars plana vitrectomy, including peeling of the posterior cortical hyaloid when necessary. Indocyanine green dye (0.5%) was instilled over the macula, and after removal of the ICG, the retinal ILM was peeled. Medium- to long-acting gas tamponade was used in all cases, and all patients were asked to position themselves facedown for 1 to 2 weeks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term postoperative anatomic results, visual acuity (VA), and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were observed postoperatively for an average of 26 months (range, 12-53). Anatomic closure of the macular hole was achieved in 118 eyes (98%) with a single surgery. Reoperation was successful at closing 2 of the 3 macular holes that did not close initially. One macular hole reopened 16 months after the original surgery, and the patient has not yet undergone further surgery. Visual acuity improved by > or =2 lines in 116 eyes (96%). Mean visual improvement after surgery was 6 lines (range, 0-14), and 96 eyes (79%) achieved a final VA of 20/50 or better. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications attributed to the use of ICG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term follow-up of patients who underwent ICG-assisted ILM peeling for idiopathic macular hole repair demonstrates excellent anatomic and visual results.
authors.affiliation: Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio 45242 , USA.
authors.forename: Andrea P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Da Mata
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Burk
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Riemann
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: M árcio Bittar
authors.initials: Má
authors.lastname: Nehemy
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Augsburger
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008875:Middle Aged; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green