title: Management of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in end-of-life care.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) can prevent premature death from an arrhythmia but may also prolong the dying process and make it more distressing.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the frequency, timing, and correlates of discussions about deactivating ICDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Telephone survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Next of kin of patients with ICDs who died of any cause. Of 136 next of kin contacted, 100 (74%) participated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of discussions about deactivating ICDs and timing of last shock from ICD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Next of kin reported that clinicians discussed deactivating the ICD in only 27 of the 100 cases. Most discussions occurred in the last few days of life. Family members reported that 8 patients received a shock from their ICD in the minutes before death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This retrospective survey relied on the reports of next of kin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Next of kin reported that clinicians discussed deactivating ICDs with few patients. Individuals who choose to receive this device should have the opportunity to choose to discontinue it as death approaches.
authors.affiliation: Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. nathan.goldstein@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Nathan E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lampert
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lynn
authors.forename: Harlan M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Krumholz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D030881:Disclosure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013727:Terminal Care; D028761:Withholding Treatment