Hyperpolarized xenon in NMR and MRI.
Hyperpolarized gases have found a steadily increasing range of applications in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and NMR imaging (MRI). They can be regarded as a new class of MR contrast agent or as a way of greatly enhancing the temporal resolution of the measurement of processes relevant to areas as diverse as materials science and biomedicine. We concentrate on the properties and applications of hyperpolarized xenon. This review discusses the physics of producing hyperpolarization, the NMR-relevant properties of 129Xe, specific MRI methods for hyperpolarized gases, applications of xenon to biology and medicine, polarization transfer to other nuclear species and low-field imaging.
Oros
Ana-Maria
AM
Institute of Medicine, Research Centre Jiilich, 52425 Jülich, Germany. a.m.oros-peusquens@fz-juelich.de
Shah
N Jon
NJ
D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood*; D014979:Xenon Isotopes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects
D003287:Contrast Media; D014979:Xenon Isotopes; D010100:Oxygen