title: Physiological responses to fitness activities: a comparison between land-based and water aerobics exercise.
abstract: This study compared the heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (BL) responses in young healthy women performing the same routine of aerobics exercise in 3 different conditions: on land, in shallow water (0.8 m), and in deep water (1.4 m). The average age and body mass index (BMI) of the group were 27.4 years and 22.6 kg.m(-2), respectively. The highest HR and BL values were reached during land aerobics (median HR values were 138.0 and 161.5 b.min(-1), and lactate values were 3.10 and 5.65 mmol.L(-1) at slow and at faster pace, respectively). These parameters were progressively reduced going from shallow water (121.5 and 154.0 b.min(-1), 1.75 and 3.15 mmol.L(-1)) to deep water (97.5 and 113.5 b.min(-1), 1.70 and 1.75 mmol.L(-1)). The HR measured as percentage of maximum HR varied from 48.43% to 77.53% depending on the water depth and the pace. These data indicate that exercise in water significantly reduces HR and BL production compared with the same exercise performed on land.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Ricerca sull'Attività Motoria-Facoltà di Scienze Motorie, Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy. pierobenelli@uniurb.it
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Benelli
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ditroilo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Vito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water; D019344:Lactic Acid