title: Microsatellite distribution and indication for locoregional therapy in small hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrahepatic disease recurrence is observed frequently after locoregional therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the indication for locoregional therapy is still unclear. To clarify the indication for locoregional therapy for small HCC tumors, the authors measured the distance of microsatellites from the main tumor and analyzed the relation between this distance and clinicopathologic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors retrospectively analyzed 100 patients with small HCC tumors (</= 5 cm in dimension) treated by curative hepatectomy. A microsatellite was defined as invasion into the portal vein or intrahepatic metastasis, and the distance from the main tumor to the most distant microsatellite was determined under light microscopy. The current study investigated the relation between microsatellite distance (0 mm if none present, </= 5 mm, and > 5 mm) and clinicopathologic factors, as well as overall and disease-free survival rates after hepatectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 100 patients, 46 had microsatellites with a mean distance of 9.9 mm (median, 5.0 mm). Of the clinicopathologic factors investigated, tumor grade and preoperative alpha-fetoprotein level significantly correlated with the presence of a microsatellite. Tumor size and distance to the microsatellite were significantly correlated. All but 1 tumor associated with a microsatellite distance > 5 mm was a high-grade tumor > 25 mm in greatest dimension. The overall survival rate of patients with a microsatellite distance of > 5 mm was lower than that of patients with a microsatellite distance < 5 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Locoregional therapy, including limited resection and ablation therapies, was appropriate for patients with low-grade HCC tumors or with tumors < 25 mm in diameter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan. sasakia@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwashita
authors.forename: Seitaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor