title: Identification of androgen receptors in the motoneurons of the external urethral sphincter in the spinal cord of female rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In women, aging is associated with profound hormonal changes. Menopause has been implicated in the etiology of urinary tract complaints including incontinence, urgency and recurrent urinary tract infections. However, the use of hormone replacement therapy for these conditions has given conflicting and disappointing results. The role of androgen changes on urinary continence in perimenopausal women has not been studied. We studied the presence of androgen receptors in pudendal motoneurons controlling the external urethral sphincter of female rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combination of retrograde labeling of pudendal motoneurons from the external urethral sphincter and immunohistochemistry for the N-terminal portion of androgen receptors on spinal cord sections was performed in adult female rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Androgen receptors were identified in the nuclei of the ventral horn of the L5-L6 spinal cord. Pudendal motoneurons, retrogradely labeled from the external urethral sphincter, were identified in the dorsolateral nucleus of the ventral horn at the same levels. Confocal microscopy demonstrated the presence of nuclear and cytoplasmic androgen receptors in the cell bodies of these retrogradely labeled pudendal motoneurons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated the presence of androgen receptors in the cell bodies of retrogradely labeled pudendal motoneurons controlling the urethral sphincter of female rats suggesting a role of androgens in the neuromodulation of urethral sphincter function at the spinal level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Bicêtre Hospital AP-HP, Paris-Sud University School of Medicine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanchet
authors.forename: El-Djouher
authors.initials: el-D
authors.lastname: Yaici
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cayzergues
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jardin
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Droupy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000737:chemistry*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000032:analysis*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000737:chemistry*; D014521:Urethra / Q000294:innervation*
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen