title: [Usefulness of conscious sedation with midazoram during transesophageal echocardiographic examination].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although transesophageal echocardiography is useful to identify various cardiovascular diseases, the semi-invasive nature of the examination hampers its routine application. We investigated whether conscious sedation using a low dose of intravenous midazoram was safe and useful during the examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  We asked 55 consecutive patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography (44 with midazoram, mean age 59 +/- 16 years, and 11 without midazoram, mean age 62 +/- 8 years) and the examiners about the effects of midazoram using a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean dose of midazoram was 2.2 mg (range 1-3.5 mg). All examinations were done without any adverse events. Eighty-two percent of the patients with midazoram considered the examination under conscious sedation tolerable, whereas 91% without midazoram felt it untolerable. Most examiners felt manipulation of the echo probe was easier in patients with midazoram than in those without (69% vs 27%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Conscious sedation with a low dose of intravenous midazoram facilitated and increased patient tolerance during transesophageal echocardiographic examination.
authors.affiliation: Echocardiography Laboratory, National Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakatani
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimura
authors.forename: Izuru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakasone
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Jiyoong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitakaze
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyatake
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D008874:Midazolam