title: The value of transvaginal ultrasonography in the prediction of endometrial pathologies in asymptomatic postmenopausal breast cancer tamoxifen-treated patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is no established ultrasonographic endometrial cutoff value for the diagnosis of endometrial pathologies in asymptomatic postmenopausal tamoxifen (TAM)-treated patients. We attempted to seek the most accurate cutoff value.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple ultrasonographic cutoff points were evaluated by logistic regression analysis based on 279 patients who had transvaginal ultrasonographic examinations followed by endometrial histopathological analysis. Performance characteristics were calculated with correlation to the endometrial histological findings. We also calculated how many endometrial pathologies could have been left undiagnosed and the number of endometrial samplings, with different cutoff values, which could have been avoided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a gradual increase in specificity and a gradual decrease in sensitivity of the ultrasonographic studies with the increase of endometrial thickness. More overall and more various endometrial pathologies were identified with the increase in cutoff values. The best cutoff value appeared to be 15 mm (sensitivity 37.9%, specificity 87.2%, positive predictive value 63.0%, and negative predictive value 70.2%). However, by avoiding performance endometrial sampling up to this cutoff value, 62.2% endometrial pathologies including 48 endometrial polyps, one case of endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, and one case of endometrial cancer may have been left undiagnosed. At the same time, endometrial sampling in 78.5% of cases may have been avoided.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In asymptomatic postmenopausal breast cancer tamoxifen-treated patients, the use of wider ultrasonographic endometrial cutoff values could be associated not only with the performance of fewer endometrial samplings, but also with a higher possibility of endometrial pathologies, including endometrial cancers, being left undiagnosed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Meir Hospital-Sapir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba 44281, Israel.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Markovitch
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tepper
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shapira
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aviram
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017698:Postmenopause; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen