On the mechanisms of the protective effect of infections on type 1 diabetes.
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) shows a worrying tendency for a steady increase in Western countries. Along the line of the hygiene hypothesis, evidence accumulates to suggest that this increase is explained by the decrease of infections due to improved hygiene and medical care. This article presents a review of epidemiological data and of the main putative underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Feillet
Hélène
H
Necker Hospital, INSERM U580, 161 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France.
Bach
Jean-François
JF
D000818:Animals; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000378:metabolism; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
D001324:Autoantigens; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors