title: In vitro studies on controlled-release cellulose acetate films for local delivery of chlorhexidine, indomethacin, and meloxicam.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Delivery of medications into periodontal pockets to suppress or eradicate the pathogenic microbiota or modulate the inflammatory response, thereby limiting periodontal tissue destruction, has attracted significant interest with the purpose of effective periodontal treatment. However, no study has previously attempted to develop a controlled-release formulation of anti-inflammatory agents to be used in the field of periodontology. The aim of the present study was to examine the in vitro release profile of chlorhexidine gluconate, indomethacin, and meloxicam from cellulose acetate films.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cellulose acetate films containing chlorhexidine gluconate, indomethacin, and meloxicam were prepared and cut in a form to fit to the periodontal pocket anatomy. The release of active agents was studied in 10 ml artificial saliva at 37 degrees C. Apparatus Vibrax was used at 150 r.p.m. Determinations were carried out spectrophotometrically and the release profiles were plotted as a function of time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The formulations showed two different release patterns for a total observation period of approximately 120 h. When the formulations of the three active agents were compared, the release patterns of meloxicam and chlorhexidine gluconate were found to be similar, while the indomethacin-containing formulation exhibited the fastest release rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As a conclusion, cellulose acetate may be a suitable inert material for obtaining a prolonged local release of various anti-inflammatory agents like meloxicam. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required before starting clinical applications of these controlled-release formulations of anti-inflammatory agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Emel Oykü
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: Nurcan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buduneli
authors.forename: Evren
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Atlihan
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kirilmaz
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002482:Cellulose; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077239:Meloxicam; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D013843:Thiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004337:Drug Carriers; D013843:Thiazines; D013844:Thiazoles; D002482:Cellulose; C010882:chlorhexidine gluconate; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D000077239:Meloxicam; D007213:Indomethacin