title: [The importance of laryngological and phoniatric evaluation at the early stage of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].
abstract: The bulbar symptoms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) include difficulty with the management of swallowing, saliva production, aspiration of secretion to the air ways and problems with spoken communication. These symptoms originate from the malfunction of the face muscles and pharynx sphincters. Patients with early symptoms of bulbar ALS are often referred to the otolaryngologist for the evaluation and management of dysphagia and dysarthria. The bulbar onset of ALS with hypernasality, articulation defects and voice harshness make the otolaryngologists the primary diagnostician for these signs. Careful examination of the speech quality and morphology as well as the function of vocal cords should be undertaken. Once the diagnosis of ALS is made, the otolaryngologist's involvement in medical treatment is necessary at different stages of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Klinika Laryngologii, Collegium Medicum, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Kraków, Poland. jtomik@poczta.fm
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tomik
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tomik
mesh_terms: D000690:Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007821:Laryngeal Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*