title: Ingestion of casein and whey proteins result in muscle anabolism after resistance exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Determination of the anabolic response to exercise and nutrition is important for individuals who may benefit from increased muscle mass. Intake of free amino acids after resistance exercise stimulates net muscle protein synthesis. The response of muscle protein balance to intact protein ingestion after exercise has not been studied. This study was designed to examine the acute response of muscle protein balance to ingestion of two different intact proteins after resistance exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Each group consumed one of three drinks: placebo (PL; N = 7), 20 g of casein (CS; N = 7), or whey proteins (WH; N = 9). Volunteers consumed the drink 1 h after the conclusion of a leg extension exercise bout. Leucine and phenylalanine concentrations were measured in femoral arteriovenous samples to determine balance across the leg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arterial amino acid concentrations were elevated by protein ingestion, but the pattern of appearance was different for CS and WH. Net amino acid balance switched from negative to positive after ingestion of both proteins. Peak leucine net balance over time was greater for WH (347 +/- 50 nmol.min(-1).100 mL(-1) leg) than CS (133 +/- 45 nmol.min(-1).100 mL(-1) leg), but peak phenylalanine balance was similar for CS and WH. Ingestion of both CS and WH stimulated a significantly larger net phenylalanine uptake after resistance exercise, compared with the PL (PL -5 +/- 15 mg, CS 84 +/- 10 mg, WH 62 +/- 18 mg). Amino acid uptake relative to amount ingested was similar for both CS and WH (approximately 10-15%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute ingestion of both WH and CS after exercise resulted in similar increases in muscle protein net balance, resulting in net muscle protein synthesis despite different patterns of blood amino acid responses.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children and Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA. ktipton@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Kevin D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Tipton
authors.forename: Tabatha A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Melanie G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cree
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Arthur P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D002364:Caseins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology; D007930:Leucine / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000032:analysis; D010919:Placebos; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D010919:Placebos; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D010649:Phenylalanine; D007930:Leucine