title: Selective retinoic acid receptor ligands for rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Retinoids, modulators of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), have been studied for over 20 years as potential therapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Early successes at the in vitro and in vivo levels were overshadowed by disappointing clinical trials that yielded poor efficacy and unacceptable side effects. A greater understanding of retinoid biology has led to the development of many synthetic retinoids that selectively modulate the RAR isotypes. RAR selective retinoids have a high potential for improved pharmacology with reduced toxicity, thereby renewing interest for the use of retinoids in RA.
authors.affiliation: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Route 206 and Provinceline Road, E1355 Mail Stop 13-08, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA. blake.beehler@bms.com
authors.forename: Blake C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Beehler
authors.forename: Constance E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Brinckerhoff
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects*; D012176:Retinoids / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012176:Retinoids