title: Contribution of known endocrine disrupting substances to the estrogenic activity in Tama River water samples from Japan using instrumental analysis and in vitro reporter gene assay.
abstract: To quantitatively characterize the substances contributing to estrogenic activity in river water, in vitro bioassay using MVLN cells and instrumental analysis using liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC/MS) or liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS) were applied to river water extracts taken from various locations in the Tama River, Japan. Tama River water samples were extracted using solid phase extraction and the crude extracts were fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into 10 fractions. The sixth fraction contained nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP) at concentrations in the range of 51.6-147 and 6.9-81.9 ng/L, respectively (concentrations corresponding to the original sample volumes). No estrogenic activity, expressed as 17beta-estradiol equivalents (E2-EQ(B)), however, was observed in this fraction (<0.6 ng-E2eq/L). Instrumentally determined estrogenic activity (E2-EQ(C)), which is the concentrations of NP and OP multiplied by their corresponding relative potency, was below the detection limit of the MVLN cell bioassay. Estrogenic activities were detected only in HPLC fraction nos. 7, 8 and 9. Estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and bisphenol A (BPA) were detected in these fractions. Estriol (E3) and ethynylestradiol (EE2) were not detected (<0.2 ng/L) in these fractions. The calculated E2-EQ(C) for BPA was below the detection limit of bioassay. The E2-EQ(C) for E1 and E2 were on the same order as the estrogenic activity determined by the bioassay (E2-EQ(B)). The ratios of E2-EQ(C) and E2-EQ(B) for E1 and E2 in the three factions collectively (nos. 7-9) were 0.49-0.97 and 0.29-1.12, respectively. Above results indicated that the major causal substances to the estrogenic activity in the Tama River were E1 and E2.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan. d01td002@ynu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Furuichi
authors.forename: Kurunthachalam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Giesy
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masunaga
mesh_terms: D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004703:Endocrine System / Q000187:drug effects*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D045483:Rivers; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical