title: Local analgesia in laparoscopy: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether local infiltration of bupivacaine reduces postoperative pain at trocar sites during gynecologic laparoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, using patients as their own controls. For each patient, 2 opposite trocar sites were infiltrated. One site was randomly chosen to receive 0.5% bupivacaine, and the other received 0.9% saline. In addition, patients were randomized into 2 cohorts to receive either preincision or postsurgical infiltration. Surgeons, patients, and interviewers were blinded toward the exposure. Postoperative pain was evaluated at 1 hour, 4 hours, and 24 hours after surgery using a 100-mm visual analog scale. Patients rated their pain at each of the infiltrated trocar sites. A 20-mm difference between pain scores was considered clinically significant. A paired t test was used for analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infiltration of bupivacaine at completion of surgery resulted in significantly decreased pain at 1 hour postoperatively (mean pain score 25.8 versus 48.6, P = .02). Mean pain scores at 4 hours and 24 hours were decreased, but not statistically different. Patients receiving bupivacaine before surgery did not have a statistically significant decrease in pain scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infiltration of bupivacaine at completion of gynecologic laparoscopic surgery decreases pain at trocar sites in the immediate postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. jonival@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jon I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Einarsson
authors.forename: Judy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orav
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine