title: S-values calculated from a tomographic head/brain model for brain imaging.
abstract: A tomographic head/brain model was developed from the Visible Human images and used to calculate S-values for brain imaging procedures. This model contains 15 segmented sub-regions including caudate nucleus, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, corpus callosum, eyes, lateral ventricles, lenses, lentiform nucleus, optic chiasma, optic nerve, pons and middle cerebellar peduncle, skull CSF, thalamus and thyroid. S-values for C-11, O-15, F-18, Tc-99m and I-123 have been calculated using this model and a Monte Carlo code, EGS4. Comparison of the calculated S-values with those calculated from the MIRD (1999) stylized head/brain model shows significant differences. In many cases, the stylized head/brain model resulted in smaller S-values (as much as 88%), suggesting that the doses to a specific patient similar to the Visible Man could have been underestimated using the existing clinical dosimetry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan. chaot@mail.cgu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Tsi-Chian
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: X George
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006257:Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011859:Radiography; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D053443:Visible Human Projects