title: Long-term survival of dialysis patients with bacterial endocarditis in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of bacterial endocarditis is much greater in long-term dialysis patients compared with the general population, and chronic kidney disease has been postulated as an independent host-related risk factor. Limited data are available on the long-term survival of dialysis patients with endocarditis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dialysis patients hospitalized for bacterial endocarditis between 1977 and 2000 were studied retrospectively using data from the US Renal Data System database. Long-term survival was estimated by means of the life-table method. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify the impact of demographic characteristics and comorbidity on outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 13,130 dialysis patients with bacterial endocarditis were identified. The in-hospital mortality rate for the entire cohort was 23.5%. Survival rates at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years were 45.9%, 33.3%, 24.3%, and 14.7% for patients hospitalized between 1977 and 1991 and 41.0%, 29.1%, 20.6%, and 10.9% for those hospitalized between 1992 and 1996, respectively. Survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 38.4%, 25.3%, and 18.3% for patients hospitalized between 1997 and 2000, respectively. The most powerful independent predictors of all-cause death were age, diabetes as cause of end-stage renal disease, and cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack as a comorbid condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dialysis patients with bacterial endocarditis have poor long-term survival, even in the current treatment era, with survival rates changing little in the past 2 decades. Additional studies are needed to identify risk-reduction measures and develop additional treatment strategies for dialysis patients with endocarditis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Gautam R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Shroff
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: Jennie Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Allan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013995:Time; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology