title: Invasive chronic inflammatory monocyte phenotype in subjects with high HIV-1 viral load.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected monocytes trafficking into the central nervous system are a risk factor for HIV-1-associated dementia. We performed global gene expression analysis on CD14+ monocytes isolated from HIV-1-infected individuals and controls to identify HIV-1-related changes in monocyte phenotype. Monocytes from subjects with high viral load (HVL) had a significant increase in monocytes expressing CD16, CCR5, and MCP-1. There was also an increase in sialoadhesin, a macrophage marker of chronic inflammation. Expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha was unchanged in individuals with HIV-1 compared to control CD14+ monocytes. Differential gene expression identified by DNA microarray analysis was confirmed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while increased protein expression was characterized by immunofluorescence. We concluded that there is a circulating CD14+ macrophage hybrid phenotype in subjects with HVL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. lynnp@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pulliam
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rempel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000821:virology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D019562:Viral Load / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C111835:CCL2 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016207:Cytokines; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D017452:Receptors, IgG