title: Snail regulates p21(WAF/CIP1) expression in cooperation with E2A and Twist.
abstract: Snail, a zinc-finger transcriptional repressor, is essential for mesoderm and neural crest cell formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors E2A and Twist have been linked with Snail during embryonic development. In this study, we examined the role of Snail in cellular differentiation through regulation of p21(WAF/CIP1) expression. A reporter assay with the p21 promoter demonstrated that Snail inhibited expression of p21 induced by E2A. Co-expression of Snail with Twist showed additive inhibitory effects. Deletion mutants of the p21 promoter revealed that sequences between -270 and -264, which formed a complex with unidentified nuclear factor(s), were critical for E2A and Snail function. The E2A-dependent expression of the endogenous p21 gene was also inhibited by Snail.
authors.affiliation: Human Gene Sciences Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Funato
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higashihori
authors.forename: Yuiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gridley
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C407909:TCF3 protein, human; C103173:TWIST1 protein, human