title: Interleukin-12 was not involved in promotion of T helper cell differentiation induced by theophylline.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of theophylline on the naive T cell differentiation and the probable role of interleukin-12 (IL-12).
  
  
  METHODS
  Naive cord blood T cells were treated with theophylline 10 mg/L for 3 d after stimulation with PHA 100 mg/L. Differentiation of T cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Theophylline 10 mg/L and IL-12-mAb 0.025 mg/L were added in cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) cultures primed with LPS 1 mg/L to detect the levels of IL-12 and IL-12P40. The whole blood cultures were obtained from twelve health volunteers with or without administration of theophylline (200 mg). Cytokines were measured by enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Theophylline promoted T helper 1 (Th1) cells differentiation from naive T cells (21.9 %+/-10.3 % vs 9.4 %+/-5.6 %, P<0.05), but had no significant effect on Th2 deviation. But theophylline inhibited the production of IL-12 and IL-12P40 by CBMC in vitro (28+/-6 ng/L vs 57+/-14 ng/L and 88+/-34 ng/L vs 214+/-82 ng/L, P<0.01) and reduced IL-12 and IL-12P40 levels in whole blood cultures from healthy subjects (19+/-11 ng/L vs 31+/-15 ng/L and 92+/-13 ng/L vs 196+/-49 ng/L, P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Theophylline promoted the differentiation of Th1 cells. IL-12 seemed not to be involved in this process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Disease, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China. WLSCC@public.wh.hb.cn
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Han-xiang
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Nie
authors.forename: Su-ping
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000097:blood; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000166:cytology; D013806:Theophylline / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D053762:Interleukin-12 Subunit p40; D021122:Protein Subunits; D018664:Interleukin-12; D013806:Theophylline