title: Vaccines against cholera, typhoid fever and shigellosis for developing countries.
abstract: Enteric diseases, such as cholera, typhoid fever and shigellosis, still produce a significant burden, especially among the poor in countries where these illnesses are endemic. Older-generation, parenteral, whole-cell vaccines against cholera and typhoid fever were abandoned in many countries as public health tools because of problems with insufficient protection and/or inadequate safety profiles. Modern-generation licensed vaccines are available for cholera and typhoid fever, but are not widely used by those in greatest need. A number of experimental candidates exist for all three diseases. Future research should focus on generating the evidence necessary to obtain a consensus on the deployment of existing vaccines against cholera and typhoid fever, and on clinical evaluation of pipeline vaccine candidates against all three diseases.
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul National University Research Park, San 4-8 Bongcheon-7-dong, Kwanak-Ku, Seoul, Korea 151-818. camilo_acosta2003@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.forename: J  L
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deen
authors.forename: R  L
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: von Seidlein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carbis
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002771:Cholera / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022121:Cholera Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004405:Dysentery, Bacillary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000379:methods; D022281:Shigella Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D022281:Shigella Vaccines