title: Anthropometry, metabolic control, and thyroid autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes with celiac disease: A multicenter survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of celiac disease (CD) on growth and metabolic control in a nationwide cohort of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from 19,796 pediatric patients with T1D in the German pediatric multicenter DPV-database for occurrence of CD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD-specific antibodies were present in 1326 patients (6.7%). The diagnosis was confirmed in 127 patients (0.6%) by small-bowel biopsy. Female subjects were significantly more predisposed to have T1D and CD. The CD-affected patients in our cohort were significantly younger at diabetes onset. Furthermore, they had significantly lower height-SDS at onset (-0.49 vs -0.06, P < .05), a difference that increased during the course of the disease (-0.80 vs -0.26 after 9 years of diabetes, P < .05). In addition, body mass index-SDS significantly differed between the groups (0.22 vs 0.47, P < .05). Evidence for thyroid disease was more commonly observed in the T1D with CD group (6.3% vs 2.3%, P < .05). HbA1c values were lower in the patients with T1D and CD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CD-positive patients were characterized by earlier onset of diabetes and decreased growth and weight gain. These findings emphasize the clinical relevance of celiac disease in patients with autoimmune diabetes.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany. S.Kaspers@gmx.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaspers
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kordonouri
authors.forename: Edith
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grabert
authors.forename: Berthold P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Hauffa
authors.forename: Reinhard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Holl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000886:Anthropometry; D000906:Antibodies / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006128:Growth; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies