title: Specific oral contraceptive use and venous thromboembolism resulting in hospital admission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with anti-androgen oral contraceptives containing cyproterone acetate and ethinyloestradiol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of the frequency of specific oral contraceptive use in patients aged 15 to 55 years discharged from hospital with radiologically confirmed deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) with the expected frequency of use derived from national prescription data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ratio of observed frequency of specific oral contraceptive use in patients with VTE versus expected frequency of use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rank order for observed versus expected use was anti-androgen > third-generation, > second-generation, > progestogen-only oral contraceptive agents with ratios of 1.93, 1.36, 0.70, and 0.39, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The risk of VTE resulting in hospital admission associated with anti-androgen oral contraceptive use is at least as high as with third generation use.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand.
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heuser
authors.forename: Katrina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tonga
authors.forename: Raewyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weatherall
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beasley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate / Q000009:adverse effects; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011372:Progestins / Q000009:adverse effects; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D011372:Progestins; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate