title: When the stress of your environment makes you go HOG wild.
abstract: When exposed to increased dissolved solute in their environment (hyperosmotic stress), all eukaryotic cells respond by rapidly activating a conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, known in budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway. Intensive genetic and biochemical analysis in this organism has revealed the presumptive osmosensors, downstream signaling components, and metabolic and transcriptional changes that allow cells to cope with this stressful condition. These findings have had direct application to understanding stress sensing and control of transcription by stress-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases in mammalian cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3202, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Westfall
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ballon
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thorner
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism*; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C076360:MSB2 protein, S cerevisiae; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C459787:SHO1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D011494:Protein Kinases; C088589:HOG1 protein, S cerevisiae; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; C089356:PBS2 protein, S cerevisiae; C083749:SLN1 protein, S cerevisiae; D005990:Glycerol