title: Dynamic in situ electrochemical neutron reflectivity measurements.
abstract: We report the first dynamic in situ electrochemical neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements on electroactive films. By using a boxcar integration strategy within a cyclic voltammetric experiment, it is possible to acquire neutron reflectivity data associated with narrow, defined windows of potential. Accumulation of data from repetitive cycles allows one to build up potential- (time-) resolved profiles. The effective time resolution is now on the order of seconds, as compared to ca. 1 h using conventional methodology, making in situ NR a practical technique for dynamic electrochemical studies. Illustrative data for polyvinylferrocene films reveal hysteresis in (de)swelling, incomplete desolvation upon reduction, and transient salt retention, all of which respond to time-scale variations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electronics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, Scotland, U.K.
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cubitt
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dalgliesh
authors.forename: Nikolaj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gadegaard
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glidle
authors.forename: A Robert
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hillman
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mortimer
authors.forename: Karl S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ryder
authors.forename: Emma L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Smith