title: Effects of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor on cough response in guinea pigs sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is currently considerable interest in the potential value of selective inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 in the treatment of asthma. However, whether they influence eosinophilic airway inflammation-associated cough remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor SB207499 on cough response and airway inflammation in guinea pigs sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty sensitized guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups: control (n = 10), challenge (n = 10), SB207499 (n = 10) and aminophylline (n = 10), then challenged with aerosol of 1% ovalbumin or saline. Two hours later, animals were intraperitoneally injected with either saline, 25 mg/kg of SB207499 or aminophylline. At the 24th hour, the injection was repeated with 2.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg SB207499 or aminophylline, then cough response to inhaled capsaicin and airway responsiveness to methacholine inducing a 150% of the peak airway pressure to the baseline (PC150) was measured. Finally, total cell number and differentials in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cough frequency per 3 minutes and PC150 in the challenge group were (22 +/- 4) times/3 minutes and (198 +/- 54) microg/ml, which were significantly different from (6 +/- 2) times/3 minutes and (691 +/- 81) microg/ml in the control group (P < 0.05, respectively). The injection of 25 mg/kg SB207499 significantly inhibited the increased cough response and airway hyperresponsiveness, the cough frequency and PC150 in guinea pigs were (13 +/- 2) times/3 minutes and (680 +/- 81) microg/ml (P < 0.05), which differed significantly from (18 +/- 2) times/3 minutes and (400 +/- 86) microg/ml after the administration of the same dose of aminophylline (P < 0.05). The inhibition of SB207499 on cough response was dose-dependent. Similarly, SB207499 decreased the total cell number and percentage of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to (2.1 +/- 0.5) x 10(6)/ml and (20 +/- 5)% respectively, which were significantly different from (3.2 +/- 0.5) x 10(6)/ml and (29 +/- 5)% in the aminophylline group (P < 0.05, respectively) or (4.2 +/- 0.7) x 10(6)/ml and (35 +/- 4)% in the challenge group (P < 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor may be more useful than aminophylline for cough associated with eosinophilic airway inflammation via inhibiting airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China. LcJh@sh163.net
authors.forename: Han-Jing
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Zhong-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Wei-Li
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Rui-Lin
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D003371:Cough / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000096:biosynthesis; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology*; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D009570:Nitriles; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; C433247:Cilomilast; D010047:Ovalbumin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4