title: Distribution of antibiotic MICs for Helicobacter pylori strains over a 16-year period in patients from Seoul, South Korea.
abstract: Recently, the development of antibiotic resistance emerged as a significant clinical problem in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. We investigated the MICs of antibiotics for 135 H. pylori isolates from adults in Seoul, South Korea, over the past 16 years. The MICs of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin increased from 1987 to 2003. Rates of primary resistance to clarithromycin increased from 2.8% in 1994 to 13.8% in 2003. The A2144G mutation was frequently observed in the 23S rRNA gene in clarithromycin-resistant isolates. The increase in resistance to clarithromycin seems to result in a decrease in eradication efficacy for H. pylori. These results suggest that the MICs of several antibiotics for H. pylori have increased over the past 16 years in Seoul.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Mogg
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joo Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Chae
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Nayoung
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Jeon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In Sung
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S; D008795:Metronidazole; D017291:Clarithromycin