title: Salvage chemotherapy with mitomycin, docetaxel, and irinotecan (MDI regimen) in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: a phase I and II trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluates the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and activity of mitomycin, docetaxel, and irinotecan (MDI) regimen on metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, previously treated with gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with less than 76 years, Karnofsky performance status > or = 60, and adequate bone marrow, kidney, and liver function were eligible for this trial. Treatment consisted of mitomycin 6 mg/m2 day 1, docetaxel and irinotecan on days 2 and 8 with escalating doses, every 4 weeks. Dose levels were level 1:30 and 70 mg/m2; level 2:30 and 100 mg/m2; level 3:30 and 85 mg/m2; and level 4:35 and 85 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as grade 4 neutropenia > 7 days, febrile neutropenia, grade 4 thrombocytopenia, nausea and vomiting, or diarrhea, grade > or = 3 nonhematological toxicity, or failure to recover to grade < or = 1 toxicity by day 43, occurring during the first cycle of chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between September 2001 and October 2002, 15 eligible patients, three of whom had been previously treated with two lines of chemotherapy, received 33 cycles of MDI. Toxicity consisted of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia in 23% of cycles, fatigue, diarrhea, and vomiting in 10% of cycles, and one toxic death. DLT was observed in 2 of 6 level 2 patients (one toxic death and one grade 3 fatigue), and 2 of 3 level 4 patients (one neutropenic fever and one grade 3 fatigue). Thirteen patients were assessable for response. No objective response was observed among patients treated with MTD or higher doses. Three patients had stable disease; all other patients had progressive disease. The median time to tumor progression and median survival was 1.7 and 6.1 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MTD was mitomycin 6 mg/m2 day one, and docetaxel 30 and irinotecan 85 mg/m2 days 2 and 8. This regimen is inactive in metastatic pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiochemotherapy, San Raffaele H. Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. reni.michele@hsr.it
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reni
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Panucci
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Passoni
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonetto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nicoletti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ronzoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zerbi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Staudacher
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Carlo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villa
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D016685:Mitomycin; D000077146:Irinotecan; D002166:Camptothecin