Desensitization to gonadotropic hormones: a model system for the regulation of a G-protein-coupled receptor with 7-transmembrane spanning regions.
Gonadotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone exert their effect via activation of G-coupled receptors, which activate the hormone sensitive adenylyl cyclase, protein kinase A, and cyclic AMP responsive elements. This activation leads to specific de novo synthesis of steroidogenic factors and steroidogenic enzymes. In normal cells and following activation of this signaling pathway, desensitization period will be followed. This down-regulation, which was studied in detail for the last three decays, was found to take place at various steps of these signal transduction pathways as well as at different kinetics. A common and diverse feature of the mechanism of desensitization in other G-coupled-7-transmembrane receptor system is also discussed.
Hirsh
Liron
L
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Ben-Ami
Ido
I
Freimann
Sarit
S
Dantes
Ada
A
Tajima
Kimihisa
K
Kotsuji
Fumikazu
F
Amsterdam
Abraham
A
D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
D006062:Gonadotropins; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases