title: Constituents in Easter lily flowers with medicinal activity.
abstract: Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum) flowers have been used in traditional medicine for alleviating many ailments. However, the chemical basis of its bioactivity has not been investigated. We have determined bioactive components in Easter lily flowers using lipid peroxidation and cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitory assays and found to be kaempferol (1), kaempferol glycosides (2, 3, 4, 8, 9 and 10), quercetin glycosides (5, 6 and 7), a regaloside (11), a chalcone (12) and a fatty acid fraction (13). The structures of compounds were determined by NMR, IR, UV/VIS and mass spectroscopic studies. Compound 1 showed the highest COX-1 inhibition (94.1%) followed by 3, 8 and 12 with 38.7, 30.8 and 32.4%, respectively. Only compound 1 inhibited COX-2 enzyme by 36.9% at 80 ppm. In lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay, kaempferol showed 37 and 100 % inhibitions at 1 and 10 ppm, respectively. At 10 ppm, more than 20% inhibition was observed for compounds 4, 7, 10, 11 and 12 and 53% for compound 3. The compounds reported in here are isolated for the first time from Easter lily flowers including novel compounds 10, 11 and 12. Our results suggest that kaempferol and quercetin flavonoids contributed to the anecdotal medicinal properties of Easter lily flowers.
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals, Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Jayaraj A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rumbeiha
authors.forename: Muraleedharan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006586:Hexanes; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D027762:Lilium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D000432:Methanol; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011058:Pollen / Q000737:chemistry; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D012997:Solvents; D016339:Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D005227:Fatty Acids; D006586:Hexanes; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D000432:Methanol