title: autoregulatory role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) on Lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular inducible NO synthase expression and function.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is responsible for sepsis-induced hypotension and plays a major contributory role in the ensuing multiorgan failure. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of endothelial NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS expression, in isolated rat aortic rings. Exposure to LPS (1 mug/ml, 5 h) resulted in a reversal of phenylephrine precontracted tone in aortic rings (70.7 +/- 3.2%). This relaxation was associated with iNOS expression and NF-kappaB activation. Positive immunoreactivity for iNOS protein was localized in medial and adventitial layers of LPS-treated aortic rings. Removal of the endothelium rendered aortic rings resistant to LPS-induced relaxation (8.9 +/- 4.5%). Western blotting of these rings demonstrated an absence of iNOS expression. However, treatment of endothelium-denuded rings with the NO donor, diethylamine-NONOate (0.1 mum), restored LPS-induced relaxation (61.6 +/- 6.6%) and iNOS expression to levels comparable with arteries with intact endothelium. Blockade of endothelial NOS (eNOS) activation using geldanamycin and radicicol, inhibitors of heat shock protein 90, in endothelium-intact arteries suppressed both LPS-induced relaxation and LPS-induced iNOS expression (9.0 +/- 8.0% and 2.0 +/- 6.2%, respectively). Moreover, LPS treatment (12.5 mg/kg, intravenous, 15 h) of wild-type mice resulted in profound elevation of plasma [NO(x)] measurements that were reduced by approximately 50% in eNOS knock-out animals. Furthermore, LPS-induced changes in vascular reactivity and iNOS expression evident in wild-type tissues were profoundly suppressed in tissues taken from eNOS knockout animals. Together, these data suggest that eNOS-derived NO, in part via activation of NF-kappaB, regulates iNOS-induction by LPS. This study provides the first demonstration of a proinflammatory role of vascular eNOS in sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Phuong A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.forename: Bhavini
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lad
authors.forename: James A P
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tomlinson
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Amrita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat