title: Abstinence incentive effects in a short-term outpatient detoxification program.
abstract: Despite being widely available, outpatient detoxification has limited efficacy as a stand-alone treatment. This study examined whether abstinence-contingent incentives would improve outcomes for patients entering outpatient opiate detoxification. Participants (N = 211) received a 100 US dollars voucher on the last day of detoxification either contingent on opiate and cocaine abstinence or noncontingently. Urine samples were collected at intake, on Wednesday, Friday (the last day of detoxification), and the following Monday. Among contingent-voucher participants, 31% were drug-free on Friday compared with 18% of noncontingent controls (Z = 2.4, p < .05). Few (12-13%) participants tested negative on Monday. Results support the ability of vouchers to produce modest improvements in abstinence initiation rates during brief detoxification but suggest that additional interventions are needed to sustain improvements.
authors.affiliation: Cornerstone Treatment Research Clinic, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ekatz@frisrc.org
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chutuape
authors.forename: Hendree
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jasinski
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fingerhood
authors.forename: Maxine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stitzer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*