title: Fryns syndrome with Hirschsprung disease: support for possible neural crest involvement.
abstract: Fryns syndrome is an autosomal recessive multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome characterized by coarse face, distal limb hypoplasia, and diaphragmatic anomalies. We describe a newborn girl with Fryns syndrome and Hirschsprung disease, an association that has been reported in five previous cases. These patients support the hypothesis that the neural crest plays a role in the pathogenesis of Fryns syndrome. Clinically asymptomatic or subtle anomalies that are in the spectrum of neural crest maldevelopment should be sought in all patients with Fryns syndrome including stillbirths, neonatal deaths, as well as long-term survivors. We suspect that the clinical observation about Hirschsprung disease and Fryns syndrome may provide insight into its molecular mechanisms and candidate genes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02130, USA. Fowzan.Alkuraya@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Fowzan S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Alkuraya
authors.forename: Angela E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mira B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Irons
authors.forename: Virginia E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Kimonis
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000473:pathology*; D007621:Karyotyping; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000473:pathology*; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000473:pathology; D013577:Syndrome