title: Loss of neural cell adhesion molecule induces tumor metastasis by up-regulating lymphangiogenesis.
abstract: Reduced expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) has been implicated in the progression to tumor malignancy in cancer patients. Previously, we have shown that the loss of NCAM function causes the formation of lymph node metastasis in a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic beta cell carcinogenesis (Rip1Tag2). Here we show that tumors of NCAM-deficient Rip1Tag2 transgenic mice exhibit up-regulated expression of the lymphangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and -D (17% in wild-type versus 60% in NCAM-deficient Rip1Tag2 mice) and, with it, increased lymphangiogenesis (0% in wild-type versus 19% in NCAM-deficient Rip1Tag2 mice). Repression of VEGF-C and -D function by adenoviral expression of a soluble form of their cognate receptor, VEGF receptor-3, results in reduced tumor lymphangiogenesis (56% versus 28% in control versus treated mice) and lymph node metastasis (36% versus 8% in control versus treated mice). The results indicate that the loss of NCAM function causes lymph node metastasis via VEGF-C- and VEGF-D-mediated lymphangiogenesis. These results also establish Rip1Tag2;NCAM-deficient mice as a unique model for stochastic, endogenous tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in immunocompetent mice.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Department of Clinical-Biological Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ivana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Crnic
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strittmatter
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Cavallaro
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kopfstein
authors.forename: Lotta
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jussila
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alitalo
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Christofori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000473:pathology*; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis / Q000502:physiology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000172:deficiency*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000096:biosynthesis; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D042643:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D