title: Anti-carcinogenic and anti-metastatic properties of indole-3-carbinol in prostate cancer.
abstract: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a compound present as glucobracissin in cruciferous vegetables has anticancer activities which is in line with some of the epidemiological evidence that suggests a beneficial effect of consumption of cruciferous vegetables on cancer incidence and progression. The precise target of indole-3-carbinol has not been determined. We examined the effect of I3C on prostate cancer in a well-defined R3327 model using Copenhagen rats and the transplantable cell line, MAT-LyLu. This cell line derived from a tumor in Copenhagen rats is androgen independent and metastasizes to the lung and lymph nodes. Tumors were induced in Copenhagen rats by injecting MAT-LyLu subcutaneously and the animals treated with I3C that was administered either intraperitoneally or intravenously, in order to achieve maximal systemic exposure. This was a departure from the traditional chemopreventive route of indole-3-carbinol where the compound was incorporated in the diet. Our results indicate that I3C inhibited the incidence, growth and metastases of MAT-LyLu cells and both i.p. and i.v. injections of I3C were equally effective. Statistical analysis (Kaplan-Meier curves) clearly indicates a tumor-free and overall survival benefit as a result of treatment with I3C. These studies show for the first time that I3C in an injectible form has anti-prostate cancer activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: V P S
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Garikapaty
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Ashok
authors.forename: Y G
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mittelman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iatropoulos
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Tiwari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D007211:Indoles; C016517:indole-3-carbinol