Functions of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cell signaling during development.
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are cell-surface and extracellular matrix macromolecules that are composed of a core protein decorated with covalently linked glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. In vitro studies have demonstrated the roles of these molecules in many cellular functions, and recent in vivo studies have begun to clarify their essential functions in development. In particular, HSPGs play crucial roles in regulating key developmental signaling pathways, such as the Wnt, Hedgehog, transforming growth factor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor pathways. This review highlights recent findings regarding the functions of HSPGs in these signaling pathways during development.
Lin
Xinhua
X
Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. linyby@chmcc.org
D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000254:growth & development*; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins
D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors