title: Urinary eicosanoid and tyrosine derivative concentrations in patients with vasculitides.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vasculitides are classified on the basis of the type of cell involved, namely, eosinophilic vasculitides such as Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) and noneosinophilic vasculitides. However, knowledge on inflammatory mediators and oxidative tissue damage associated with vasculitides is insufficient.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We measured the urinary concentrations of inflammatory mediators and tyrosine derivatives to assess biomarkers associated with the pathophysiology of vasculitides.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine was collected from 9 patients with CSS during acute exacerbation and during clinical remission, 24 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in stable condition, and 8 patients with vasculitis diseases (VDs) during acute exacerbation. Leukotriene E 4 (LTE 4 ), 9alpha,11beta prostaglandin F 2 , and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) concentrations were determined by enzyme immunoassay. 3-Bromotyrosine (BrY) and 3-chlorotyrosine (ClY) concentrations were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The urinary LTE 4 , EDN, BrY, and ClY concentrations were significantly higher in the patients with CSS during acute exacerbation than in healthy control subjects and, except for urinary ClY concentration, significantly decreased during clinical remission. The urinary EDN and BrY concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CSS during acute exacerbation than in patients with VD during acute exacerbation. Only urinary LTE 4 concentration was significantly different between the patients with rheumatoid arthritis in stable condition and the patients with VD during acute exacerbation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative tissue damage caused by eosinophil peroxidase is a pathophysiological characteristic of eosinophil-associated diseases such as CSS. Urinary LTE 4 concentration may reflect a pathophysiological event involved in eosinophilic and noneosinophilic vasculitides. Cysteinyl-leukotriene pathways are potential therapeutic targets for small-vessel vasculitides.
authors.affiliation: National Sagamihara Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. Noritaka.Higashi@imm.ki.se
authors.forename: Noritaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Haruhisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turikisawa
authors.forename: Ai
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higashi
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tohma
authors.forename: Kimiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arimura
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015267:Churg-Strauss Syndrome / Q000652:urine; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000652:urine*; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017999:Leukotriene E4 / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015777:Eicosanoids; C475724:bromotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D017999:Leukotriene E4; D047208:Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin; C087259:3-chlorotyrosine