title: Prevention of peritransplantation viridans streptococcal bacteremia with early vancomycin administration: a single-center observational cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Viridans streptococcal bacteremia (VSB) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is associated with substantial mortality. Prevention of this serious complication is therefore a high priority. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of early vancomycin administration on rates and outcomes of VSB.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the effect of early vancomycin on the incidence of VSB in a cohort of 430 consecutive HSCTs performed during the period of 1 January 1998 to 30 September 2002. The primary end point was time to diagnosis of VSB. Early vancomycin was defined as >or=2 doses of vancomycin between days -7 through +7 after HSCT or diagnosis of VSB, whichever occurred first. Risk factors for VSB were identified in univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of VSB in the cohort was 7.4%. The incidence of VSB in patients who did not receive early vancomycin was 24.8%, compared with 0.3% in patients who did (P<.001). Additional risk factors were female sex, conditioning with total body irradiation, and diagnosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The attributable mortality rate for VSB in our cohort was 21%. Early vancomycin was associated with decreased VSB (hazard ratio, 0.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.003-0.19) after controlling for age, sex, underlying disease, and transplantation variables. The benefits of vancomycin prophylaxis for the prevention of VSB and associated mortality need to be evaluated in a prospective clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jaffe
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jakubowski
authors.forename: Kent
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sepkowitz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sebti
authors.forename: Timothy E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kiehn
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pamer
authors.forename: Genovefa A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Papanicolaou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013997:Time Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D034363:Viridans Streptococci
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin