title: Evaluation of cartilage repair tissue after biomaterial implantation in rat patella by using T2 mapping.
abstract: To evaluate the ability of MR T2 mapping (8.5 T) to characterize ex vivo longitudinally, morphologically and quantitatively, alginate-based tissue engineering in a rat model of patellar cartilage chondral focal defect. Calibrated rat patellar cartilage defects (1.3 mm) were created at day 0 (D0) and alginate sponge with (Sp/C+) or without (Sp/C-) autologous chondrocytes were implanted. Animals were sacrificed sequentially at D20, D40 and D60 after surgery and dissected patellae underwent MRI exploration (8.5 T). T2 values were calculated from eight SE images by using nonlinear least-squares curve fitting on a pixel-by-pixel basis (constant repetition time of 1.5 s, eight different echo times: 5.5, 7.5, 10.5, 12.5, 15.0, 20.0, 25.0 and 30.0 ms). On the T2 map, acquired in a transversal plane through the repair zone, global T2 values and zonal variation of T2 values of repair tissue were evaluated versus control group and compared with macroscopic score and histological studies (toluidine blue, sirius red and hematoxylin-eosin). "Partial", "total" and "hypertrophic" repair patterns were identified. At D40 and D60, Sp/C+ group was characterized by a higher proportion of "total" repair in comparison to Sp/C- group. At D60, the proportion of "hypertrophic" repair was two fold in Sp/C- group versus Sp/C+ group. As confirmed morphologically and histologically, the T2 map also permitted the distinction of three types of repair tissue: "total", "partial" and "hypertrophic". "Total" repair tissue was characterized by high T2 values versus normal cartilage (p<0.05). Zonal variation, reflecting the collagen network organization, appeared only at D60 for Sp/C+ group (p<0.05). "Hypertrophic" tissue, mainly observed at D60, presented high T2 global values without zonal variation with cartilage depth. These results confirm the potency of the MR T2 map (8.5 T) to characterize macroscopically and microscopically the patterns of the scaffold guided-tissue repair of a focal chondral lesion in the rat patella ("total", "partial" and "hypertrophic"). On T2 map, three parameters (i.e. MRI macroscopic pattern, T2 global values and zonal variation of T2 values) permit to characterize chondral repair tissue, as a virtual biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, UMR 7561 CNRS--Nancy I "Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires" Faculté de Médecine, BP 184, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, F54505, Vandoeuvre-les-nancy, France.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watrin-Pinzano
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ruaud
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonord
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grossin
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bettembourg-Brault
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gillet
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Payan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guillot
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Netter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loeuille
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000254:growth & development / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000637:transplantation*; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D017847:Patellar Ligament / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012038:Regeneration; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*