title: Activation of the cGMP pathway in dopaminergic structures reduces cocaine-induced EGR-1 expression and locomotor activity.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) and the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) exert their action on brain via the cGMP signaling pathway. NO, by activating soluble guanylyl cyclase, and CNP, by stimulating membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase, cause intracellular increases of cGMP, activating cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs). We show here that injection of CNP into the rat ventral tegmental area strongly reduced cocaine-induced egr-1 expression in the nucleus accumbens in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of CNP was reversed by the previous injection of a selective PKG inhibitor, KT5823. Activation of PKG by 8-bromo-cGMP reduced, like CNP, cocaine-induced gene transcription in dopaminergic structures. To confirm the involvement of PKG, this was overexpressed in either the mesencephalon or the caudate-putamen. Using the polyethyleneimine delivery system, an active protein was expressed by injecting a plasmid vector containing the human PKG-Ialpha cDNA. PKG was overexpressed in dopaminergic and GABAergic neurons when the plasmid was injected in the ventral tegmental area, whereas overexpression was observed in medium spiny GABAergic neurons and in both cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons when the PKG vector was injected into the caudate-putamen. Activation of the overexpressed PKG reduced cocaine-induced egr-1 expression in dopaminergic structures and affected behavior (i.e., locomotor activity). These effects were again reversed by previous injection of the selective PKG inhibitor. The current data suggest that NO and the neuropeptide CNP are potential regulators of cocaine-related effects on behavior.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 575, Centre de Neurochimie, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jouvert
authors.forename: Marie-Odile
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Revel
authors.forename: Anelise
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazaris
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aunis
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Langley
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zwiller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000502:physiology; D062965:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D002227:Carbazoles; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; C486110:Egr1 protein, rat; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D007211:Indoles; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C073601:KT 5823; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; D062965:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C569718:PRKG1 protein, human; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D003042:Cocaine; D004298:Dopamine