title: Quantitative PCR for the measurement of circulating proviral load in HIV-infected individuals.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  PCR has been applied extensively as a tool for the detection of HIV. We have previously developed a semi-quantitative microtiter plate assay for the specific detection of HIV PCR products.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop and evaluate a novel quantitative assay for the measurement of circulating proviral load in HIV-infected individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 70 consecutive, unselected HIV-infected patients, divided into 3 groups, according to their CD4 cell count: greater than 500 cells/microl (10 subjects); 200-500 cells/microl (31 subjects); less than 200 cells/microl (29 subjects). Peripheral blood mononuclear cell lysates were amplified, and a portion of the product was added to streptavidin-coated wells with a biotinylated capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-linked reporter probe, complementary to separate regions of the amplified product. Following incubation, readings were taken with an automated plate reader. Products were quantitated by interpolation into a standard curve of serial dilutions of an HIV-containing plasmid, included in each assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HIV sequences were detected in all 70 clinical samples. Within each patient category, a wide range of proviral loads were observed. However, proviral load/10(6) CD4 cells was associated with disease progression when the patient groups were considered (up to 9.6% infected cells in subjects with CD4 cell counts below 200/microl).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This quantitative PCR assay will allow the measurement of proviral load in clinical samples. It may be useful in the managment of HIV-infected individuals and the evaluation of the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Ottawa General Hospital, University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa AIDS Research Group, Ottawa, Ont, K1H8L6, Canada.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Conway
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cameron