title: Applicability of an in vitro digestion model in assessing the bioaccessibility of mycotoxins from food.
abstract: Food is considered a major route of exposure to many contaminants. Only the fraction of the contaminant that is released from the food (bioaccessibility) and is bioavailable can exert toxic effects. Insufficient knowledge on the bioavailability may hamper an accurate risk assessment of ingested contaminants in humans. This paper describes the applicability of an in vitro digestion model allowing for measurement of the bioaccessibility of ingested mycotoxins from food as an indicator of oral bioavailability. Bioaccessibility of aflatoxin B(1) from peanut slurry and ochratoxin A from buckwheat was high, 94% and 100%, respectively, and could be determined reproducibly. With the in vitro digestion model, the bioaccessibilities of aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A in the presence of four different absorption modulators were in five out of six situations in accordance with the in vivo effects in humans and animals. By determining the effect of chlorophyllin on the transport of aflatoxin B(1) across the intestinal Caco-2 cells, also the sixth combination was in agreement with data in humans. Hence, the in vitro digestion model, combined with Caco-2 cells, is a powerful experimental tool, which can aid to a more accurate risk assessment of ingested contaminants.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Substances and Integrated Risk Assessment, P.O. Box 1, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Carolien H M
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Versantvoort
authors.forename: Agnes G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Oomen
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van de Kamp
authors.forename: Cathy J M
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Rompelberg
authors.forename: Adriënne J A M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sips
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D010367:Arachis / Q000737:chemistry; D001682:Biological Availability; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D002735:Chlorophyllides / Q000494:pharmacology; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects; D019612:Fagopyrum / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D008954:Models, Biological; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D002735:Chlorophyllides; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D016604:Aflatoxin B1; C007020:chlorophyllin