title: Effects of cortisol on cardiac myocytes and on expression of cardiac genes in fetal sheep.
abstract: In 17 fetal sheep aged 129 days, the effects of large-dose infusions of cortisol (72.1 mg/day for 2-3 days) on proliferation, binucleation, and hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes, cardiac expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin receptor subtypes 1 and 2, Glut-1, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, proteins of the MAPK pathways and calcineurin were studied. Cortisol levels were 8.7 +/- 2.3 nM (SE) in 8 control and 1,028 +/- 189 nM in 9 treated fetuses (P < 0.001). Cortisol had no effect on myocyte binucleation. Left ventricular free wall (LVFW) uni- and binucleated myocytes were larger in cortisol-treated fetuses (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Cortisol-treated fetuses had higher right ventricular free wall (RVFW) and LVFW angiotensinogen (Aogen) mRNA levels (treated: 2.30 +/- 0.37, n = 8 and 2.05 +/- 0.45, n = 7 vs. control: 0.94 +/- 0.12, n = 8 and 0.67 +/- 0.09, n = 7, P < 0.02). Levels of the glucose transporter Glut-1 mRNA were lower in the LVFW of treated fetuses (0.83 +/- 0.23 vs. 1.47 +/- 0.30 in control, P < 0.05, n = 7, 8). The higher the cortisol level, the greater the Aogen mRNA level (RVFW, r = 0.61, P < 0.01, n = 16; LVFW, r = 0.83, P < 0.0003, n = 14). There were no other changes in mRNA levels nor in levels of extracellular kinase, JNK, p38, their phosphorylated forms, and calcineurin. Thus high levels of cortisol such as occur after birth do not affect fetal cardiac myocyte binucleation or number but are associated with higher levels of ventricular Aogen mRNA, lower levels of Glut-1 mRNA, and hypertrophy of LVFW myocytes. These effects could impact on postnatal cardiac development.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. E.Lumbers@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Lumbers
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Boyce
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Joulianos
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumarasamy
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barner
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Segar
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Burrell
mesh_terms: D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D047109:Fetal Development; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005333:Fetus; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006984:Hypertrophy; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D006854:Hydrocortisone