title: A methodology using subjective and objective measures to compare plaque inhibition by toothpastes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Plaque scoring usually employs subjective indices. The aim was to compare plaque inhibition of three toothpastes using two objective and one subjective measures of plaque.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formulations were: (1) an experimental anti-plaque paste (test); (2) an experimental paste (minus active or negative control); and (3) a proprietary anti-plaque toothpaste product (positive control). The study was a blind, randomised crossover design using a 4-day, no tooth brushing, plaque regrowth model and involving 22 healthy subjects. After baseline plaque removal, subjects rinsed twice a day with slurries of the allocated paste. On day 5, plaque was scored by index, wet weight and optical density of extracted disclosing solution from the plaque (stain intensity).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All data showed the same pattern. There were highly significant subject and treatment effects but not period effects. The positive control was highly significantly more effective in plaque control than the test and minus active experimental formulations, which in turn were not significantly different from each other. There were strong and significant correlations between pairs of scoring methods particularly wet weight and stain intensity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of objective methods of plaque alongside conventional subjective indices provided convincing evidence for increased discriminatory power in a study comparing plaque inhibition by toothpastes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Dentistry, Bristol Dental Hospital and School, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Claydon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Labello
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000517:prevention & control; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D014100:Toothpastes; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate