title: Flow cytometric evaluation of bone marrow plasma cells using CD19, CD45, CD56, CD38, and CD138 and correlation with bone marrow infiltration ratio in multiple myeloma patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the co-expression of CD19, CD45, CD38, CD56, and CD138 molecules in plasma cells of bone marrow (BM) aspirates and their relation with BM infiltration, and treatment in patients with multiple myeloma by flow cytometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty BM aspirate samples were assessed from 40 patients at diagnosis and on follow-up at the Medical Oncology Department, Cukurova University, Balcali Hospital, Turkey, between 2002 and 2004. The mean age was 56.83 +/- 9.1 and male:female ratio was 2.6. All patients received at least 4 courses of VAD(vincristine, adriamycin, dexamethasone) regimens and 20 of them were also treated with high dose melphalan and peripheral autologous stem cell transplantation. The median follow-up period was 19.1 +/- 22.7 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using light microscopy the BM smears stained with hematoxylin and eosin from patients on follow up were classified into one of 3 categories, complete remission (CR) (<5%), partial remission (PR) (>5% and <30%), and extensive infiltration (EI) (>30%). According to infiltration ratio 23 were evaluated CR, 2 were PR and 15 were EI. The mean value of CD19 was 6.01 +/- 9.5%, CD56 = 9.9 +/- 6.8%, CD138 = 8.6 +/- 5.6%, CD45 = 84.2 +/- 22.3% and CD38 = 59.5 +/- 25.4%. The flow cytometric analyses revealed that only the mean value of CD38 and CD45 expression were significantly high. We correlated infiltration ratio with each parametric and found statistically significant relations. We also correlated independent variables with each other and found a relation between CD38 and CD19 (p=0.005). We also defined the groups whether treated with peripheral autologous transplantation or not and compared the independent variables between them, in which CD138 was statistically significant (p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest BM plasma cells expressed mainly by CD38 and CD45 may have a role in generation of BM plasma cells and that CD138 expression may be considered in follow-up for minimal residual disease after autologous transplantation in myeloma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Balcali Hospital, Yuregir 01330, Adana, Turkey. iokara@cu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Ismail O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: Berksoy
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Semra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paydas
authors.forename: Salih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cetiner
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase / Q000032:analysis; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000032:analysis; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000473:pathology; D010950:Plasma Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D053668:Syndecan-1; D053667:Syndecans
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D019002:CD56 Antigen; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; C508241:SDC1 protein, human; D053668:Syndecan-1; D053667:Syndecans; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1