title: Infection with concurrent multiple hepatitis C virus genotypes is associated with faster HIV disease progression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the importance of hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotype in HIV disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted among 126 HIV/HCV co-infected drug users with a known interval of HIV seroconversion whose HCV genotype was known early in HIV infection. Both clinical progression (to AIDS) and immunological progression (to a CD4+ T-cell count of 200 x 10(6) cells/l) by HCV genotype were studied using Cox proportional hazards analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median duration of follow-up was 7.3 years [interquartile range (IQR), 4.6-10.1 years]. The majority of the HCV infections concerned genotype 1 and genotype 3; The distribution was: HCV type 1: 48%, HCV type 3: 34%, HCV type 4: 13%, multiple HCV types: 5%. Concurrent multiple infections consisted of HCV genotypes 1b+3a, 1b+4 and 3a+4. HCV genotype 1 and multiple HCV genotype infections were associated with faster immunological progression [hazard ratio (HR), 2.02; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-3.92 and HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 0.95-7.90, respectively]. Multiple HCV genotype infection was also associated with faster clinical progression (HR, 3.36; 95% CI, 0.82-13.79). These hazard ratios increased further and were all significant when analyses were limited to data in the pre-HAART era (HR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.51-10.20; HR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.04-18.40 and HR, 6.54; 95% CI, 1.39-30.76, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV disease progression differs by HCV genotype and is especially faster in individuals whose HCV infection involves more than one HCV genotype. The effect of HCV genotype on HIV progression was greater in the pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, suggesting that the effectiveness of HAART may diminish the effect of HCV genotype on HIV disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Municipal Health Service, Cluster Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. LiselottevanAsten@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van Asten
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prins
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology