title: Specific sequence configurations of HIV-1 LTR G/C box array result in altered recruitment of Sp isoforms and correlate with disease progression.
abstract: Basal and activated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) activity, and in return, viral replication is partly dependent on interactions of the G/C box array with the Sp family of transcription factors. Analysis of LTR Sp binding site sequence variants revealed a C-to-T change at position 5 within Sp site III that increased in frequency and a 5T mutation within Sp site II, which decreased in frequency during the course of HIV disease. These results suggest LTR Sp binding site sequence variants may prove useful as viral molecular markers indicative of progressive HIV-1-induced disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nonnemacher
authors.forename: Bryan P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Irish
authors.forename: Yujie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mauger
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wigdahl
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence / Q000502:physiology; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016384:Consensus Sequence / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay / Q000379:methods; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000235:genetics*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor