title: Fluorescent imaging of acute mercuric chloride exposure on cultured human kidney tubular epithelial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imaging of intracellular mercuric ion is necessary for mechanism of renal toxicity of exposure to HgCl2. The distribution of Hg2+ inside a living cell, however, is still invisible due to the lack of high selective and sensitive fluorescent molecular probe for Hg2+.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new fluorescent probe, EPNP, was applied to the cultured cells of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HKC) in the presence of HgCl2 and some other bivalent ions. The relative fluorescence intensity of EPNP was measured and fluorescence images were taken by laser scanning confocal microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed it led to an Hg2+ concentration- and time-dependent increase in fluorescence intensity, and responded weakly for some other heavy and transition metal ions. It could be seen during acute exposure on HKC cells, Hg2+ locate perinuclear, and on nuclear membrane, which was beyond what one knew before.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPNP is a real-time and on-line probe for imaging Hg2+ in a living cell due to its high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg2+ and slow bleaching/fading. Both the probe and the new results about the distribution of intracellular Hg2+ may be helpful for relevant biologic research.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
authors.forename: Zhichao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiangfeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xuhong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Fengyu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology*; D008627:Mercuric Chloride / Q000633:toxicity*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008627:Mercuric Chloride