title: Human metapneumovirus as a major cause of human respiratory tract disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly identified paramyxovirus that appears to be one of the most significant and common viral infections in humans. The virus, first isolated in 2001, is a clear cause of lower respiratory tract disease in both the very young and the frail elderly. The virus causes acute wheezing in children or, less commonly, croup or pneumonia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Molecular epidemiology studies have shown that field strains exhibit sufficient sequence diversity to designate 2 subgroups of circulating viruses. Small animal and nonhuman primate models of infection have been described, which will allow studies of pathogenesis and immunity. Recombinant viruses have already been generated by several groups using reverse genetics, which facilitates the study of the biology of the virus and the generation of live attenuated vaccine candidates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ongoing research promises to elucidate the molecular basis for pathogenesis and immunity of human metapneumovirus infections and to pave the way for rapid vaccine development.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. james.crowe@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Crowe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012698:Serologic Tests; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines