title: Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite and calcium sulphate as biodegradable composite carrier material for local delivery of antibiotics in bone infections.
abstract: The use of polymethylmetacrylate beads for local delivery of antibiotics requires a second surgical procedure for their removal and resorbable calcium sulphate exhibits cytotoxic effects. In this work, a bioresorbable composite of calcium sulphate and nanoparticulate hydroxyapatite (PerOssal was studied regarding its antibiotic release properties and biocompatibility. Material characteristics of plain PerOssal and pure calcium sulphate pellets were studied using scanning and electron microscopy and X-ray methods. Pellets were soaked with gentamicin and vancomycin, respectively. Release properties of both antibiotics from both materials were investigated over 10 days. Quantitative and qualitative cytotoxic assays were performed for biocompatibility testing. Specific surface was 106 m(2)/g for PerOssal and 2.2 m(2)/g for pure calcium sulphate. Almost complete elution of gentamicin was found for both carrier materials (94.7% for PerOssal vs. 95.8% for calcium sulphate) within 10 days, whereas vancomycin release was higher for PerOssal (96.3% vs. 74.8%). PerOssal showed higher initial and lower release after approximately 5 days compared to calcium sulphate. No significant in vitro cytotoxic differences were found between PerOssal and nontoxic cell culture medium. Calcium sulphate showed cytotoxic effects in two out of four tests. PerOssal exhibits excellent properties regarding resorption, biocompatibility, and antibiotic release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital, Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-University, Marienburgstrasse 2, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. m.rauschmann@friedrichsheim.de
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rauschmann
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Wichelhaus
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stirnal
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dingeldein
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zichner
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schnettler
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Alt
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects*; D004058:Diffusion; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry*; D004343:Drug Implants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D017886:Durapatite / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010000:Osteitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004343:Drug Implants; D005839:Gentamicins; D011208:Powders; D014640:Vancomycin; D017886:Durapatite; D002133:Calcium Sulfate