title: Coastal pollution hazards in southern California observed by SAR imagery: stormwater plumes, wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps.
abstract: Stormwater runoff plumes, municipal wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps are important pollution hazards for the heavily populated Southern California Bight (SCB). Due to their small size, dynamic and episodic nature, these hazards are difficult to sample adequately using traditional in situ oceanographic methods. Complex coastal circulation and persistent cloud cover can further complicate detection and monitoring of these hazards. We use imagery from space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), complemented by field measurements, to examine these hazards in the SCB. The hazards are detectable in SAR imagery because they deposit surfactants on the sea surface, smoothing capillary and small gravity waves to produce areas of reduced backscatter compared with the surrounding ocean. We suggest that high-resolution SAR, which obtains useful data regardless of darkness or cloud cover, could be an important observational tool for assessment and monitoring of coastal marine pollution hazards in the SCB and other urbanized coastal regions.
authors.affiliation: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 300-323, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8001, USA. pmd@pacific.jpl.nasa.gov
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Digiacomo
authors.forename: Libe
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Washburn
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: Burton H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D002140:California; D002980:Climate; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D009791:Oceanography / Q000379:methods*; D011825:Radar; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014872:Water Movements; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014873:Water Pollutants