title: Ameliorating pain in nursing homes: a collaborative quality-improvement project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate a multifaceted intervention to improve pain-management processes of care and outcomes in nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quasi-experimental, pretest/posttest.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nursing homes in Rhode Island.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one facilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  This project used a multifaceted collaborative intervention involving audit and feedback of pain management, education, training, coaching using rapid-cycle quality-improvement techniques, and inter-nursing home collaboration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pain-management processes of care and outcomes, measured using chart review and the Minimum Data Set.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 21 facilities, 17 completed the project. Postintervention, nursing homes increased the use of appropriate pain assessments (3.9% vs 43.8%, P<.001), pain intensity scales (15.6% vs 73.9%, P<.001), and nonpharmacological treatments (40.5% vs 81.9%, P<.001). Prescriptions of World Health Organization Step II or Step III pain medications for residents with daily moderate or severe pain showed trends towards improvement (40.8% vs 50.6%, P=.057), but prescription of any pain medication (93.3% vs 94.6%, P=.710), change in pain medication (29.0% vs 30.1%, P=.386), and prescription of pain medications on a regularly scheduled basis (67.9% vs 69.5%, P=.370) did not. There was a 41.1% reduction in prevalence of pain (12.2% vs 7.2%, P=.032) between the pre- and postintervention time periods in the nursing homes that completed the project, whereas all the other facilities in Rhode Island (n=72) had only a 12.1% reduction (12.7% vs 11.2%, P=.286) during the same period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multifaceted intervention improved pain-management process and outcome measures in nursing homes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA. RBaier@riqio.sdps.org
authors.forename: Rosa R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Baier
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gifford
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Patry
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rochon
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DeSilva
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Teno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000592:standards*; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012237:Rhode Island