title: Classification of dyspepsia and response to treatment with proton-pump inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lacking an objective 'gold standard' for diagnosing dyspepsia, several symptom-based classifications have been suggested.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess if response to proton-pump inhibitor treatment could provide useful information for current or future dyspepsia classification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Post hoc analyses of 829 patients treated with omeprazole or placebo in a randomized-controlled trial. The 'true' response to omeprazole (trial response minus placebo response) was assessed according to different classifications of dyspepsia and different symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms described with the words 'burning' or 'sour' and patients with reflux-like dyspepsia demonstrated high response to omeprazole treatment, whereas patients with abdominal pain or ulcer-like dyspepsia responded unpredictably to omeprazole. The response to omeprazole in patients with epigastic pain was related to the pattern of other dyspeptic symptoms. Patients with heartburn or regurgitation overlapped extensively with patients with epigastric pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated significant problems in the current classification of dyspepsia: 'the most bothersome symptom' was not independently related to the omeprazole effect and, in patients with abdominal pain, the response to omeprazole was dependent on the presence or absence of other dyspeptic symptoms. The overlap of symptoms indicates that heartburn and regurgitation should be recognized as symptoms of dyspepsia in primary care.
authors.affiliation: General Practice, Klampenborg, Denmark. villy@strandvang.dk
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meineche-Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D009853:Omeprazole