title: Simvastatin blunts the increase of circulating adhesion molecules after coronary artery bypass surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial dysfunction has been shown to be a critical early component of organ injury after myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Circulating levels of adhesion molecules have been regarded as a valid index of endothelial activation. Recent reports suggest that statins, widely used in the control of hypercholesterolemia, exert a protective effect on the endothelium reflected by a reduced level of circulating adhesion molecules. In this study, the effects of preoperative simvastatin treatment, at doses equivalent to those used orally for cholesterol control, were studied on plasma levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and ELAM-1.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen patients taking simvastatin with good control of cholesterol levels, 15 patients not responsive to the simvastatin treatment, and 15 normocholesterolemic patients (control) undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma levels of VACM-1, ICAM-1, and ELAM-1 were evaluated at baseline; during cardiopulmonary bypass; and 6 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours postoperatively. In the late postoperative samples, the plasma levels of ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 were lower in both simvastatin-treated patients compared with the control patients. No significant difference was found between the patients responsive to statin and those not responsive. Finally, no significant difference was found for VCAM-1 plasma levels between the control group and the 2 treatment groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pretreatment with simvastatin significantly reduces the increase of ICAM-1 and ELAM-1 after coronary artery bypass surgery, by a mechanism that seems not related to its efficacy in lowering cholesterol levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University Campus BioMedico of Rome, Rome, Italy. m.chello@unicampus.it
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chello
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carassiti
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agrò
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mastroroberto
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pugliese
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Colonna
authors.forename: Elvio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Covino
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood* / Q000187:drug effects*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019821:Simvastatin