title: Regulation of behavioral maturation by a primer pheromone produced by adult worker honey bees.
abstract: Previous research showed that the presence of older workers causes a delayed onset of foraging in younger individuals in honey bee colonies, but a specific worker inhibitory factor had not yet been identified. Here, we report on the identification of a substance produced by adult forager honey bees, ethyl oleate, that acts as a chemical inhibitory factor to delay age at onset of foraging. Ethyl oleate is synthesized de novo and is present in highest concentrations in the bee's crop. These results suggest that worker behavioral maturation is modulated via trophallaxis, a form of food exchange that also serves as a prominent communication channel in insect societies. Our findings provide critical validation for a model of self-organization explaining how bees are able to respond to fragmentary information with actions that are appropriate to the state of the whole colony.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire Biologie et Protection de l'Abeille, Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse Ecologie des Invertébrés, Site Agroparc, Domaine Saint-Paul, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leoncini
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Le Conte
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Costagliola
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Plettner
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: Mianwei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bécard
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crauser
authors.forename: Keith N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Slessor
authors.forename: Gene E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010675:Pheromones / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009829:Oleic Acids; D010675:Pheromones; C033180:ethyl oleate