title: Two years of smoking cessation does not reduce arterial wall thickness and stiffness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking cessation rapidly reduces cardiovascular risk. The pathophysiological mechanisms involved are still being debated. We measured structural and functional arterial wall properties of the femoral and carotid arteries after smoking cessation to investigate their possible role in cardiovascular risk reduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 127 smokers, 33 proved to stop smoking for two years. They were compared with 50 nonsmokers and 55 persistent smokers in a prospective study. Cross-sectional compliance and distensibility coefficients as well as intima-media thickness of both carotid arteries and of the right common femoral artery were measured ultrasonographically at baseline and 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after smoking cessation. The nonsmoking and persistent smokers group were measured twice at an interval of 24 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persistent smoking and two years of smoking cessation did not affect cross-sectional compliance and distensibility coefficients. Although at baseline intimal-medial layers were thicker in smokers, the change over time in intima-media thickness did not differ significantly between all three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two years of smoking cessation was not accompanied by a slower progression or a regression in intima-media thickness nor by an improved cross-sectional compliance or distensiblity coefficient. Nevertheless, smoking cessation should be recommended as it reduces cardiovascular risk rapidly after smoking cessation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre, St Radboud, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands. f.vandenberkmortel@onco.umcn.nl
authors.forename: F W P J
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: van den Berkmortel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wollersheim
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Langen
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Smilde
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: den Arend
authors.forename: Th
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography