title: Neuroimaging in human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with central nervous system (CNS) changes that may affect cerebral blood flow (CBF), metabolism, structure, and diffusion. Each of the available neuroimaging techniques offers unique insight into the neural mechanisms underlying HIV, as well as a potential means of monitoring disease progression and treatment response. The purpose of the article is to provide a review of experimental studies evaluating changes related to HIV with imaging techniques, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and perfusion MRI (pMRI).
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology CB #7025, 3114 Bioinformatics Building, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, USA.
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Weili
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: J Keith
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Hongyu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Yasheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Aylward
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon