title: Anxiety and depression in children with epilepsy and their mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with epilepsy have high rates of depression and anxiety. The majority of studies concentrate on the children with epilepsy, but the emotional impact of epilepsy on family members is of clinical concern. In this cross-sectional study we aimed to examine the association between epilepsy in childhood and adolescence, and anxiety and depression in these patients and their mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 35 children and adolescents with seizures (age range, 7-19 years), 35 gender-matched healthy controls (age range, 8-17) who did not have any chronic medical illness, and mothers of these individuals (n=70) in a cross-sectional analysis. We administered the Kovac Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIc) to the children. We administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to the mothers of these children. Pearson correlations were used to analyze dependence between variables, and Student's t test was used to compare mean values between test scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with epilepsy had higher CDI scores (mean+/-SD, 12.48+/-6.35) than controls (9.31+/-5.11) (P<0.05), whereas the STAIc scores did not differ between cases (34.03+/-8.29) and controls (35.20+/-6.23) (P<0.05). Mothers of children with epilepsy did not have more depression or anxiety symptoms than mothers of children without epilepsy as measured by BDI and STAI scores (P>0.05). There was no correlation between mothers' scores and patients' or controls' scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support findings from previous studies that children and adolescents with epilepsy have a higher frequency of depressive but not anxiety symptoms than the general population of healthy children and that this is independent of their mothers' symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baki
authors.forename: Ayten
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Erdogan
authors.forename: Orhun
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kantarci
authors.forename: Gul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Akisik
authors.forename: Levant
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kayaalp
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yalcinkaya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011584:Psychology