title: Bis(ethyl)norspermine potentiates the apoptotic activity of the pure antiestrogen ICI 182780 in breast cancer cells.
abstract: We studied the effects of ICI 182780 and bis(ethyl)norspermine (BE-3-3-3) on cell growth and apoptosis of estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Combination treatment with 100 nM ICI 182780 and 5 microM BE-3-3-3 for 6 days inhibited cell growth by 74.3+/-8.4% in MCF-7 cells, compared to that of 25.4+/-5.8 and 45.8+/-12.2%, respectively, when ICI 182780 and BE-3-3-3 were used as single agents. Treatment with 100 nM ICI 182780 and 5 microM BE-3-3-3 as single agents resulted in 9.1+/-1.0% and 35.1+/-4.5% apoptosis, respectively, as measured by APO-BRDU assay. When ICI 182780 and BE-3-3-3 were used in combination, the percentage of apoptosis was 60.6+/-3.8%. Improved efficacy of ICI 182780 and BE-3-3-3 combination on growth inhibition was observed for T-47D cells also. Western blot analysis showed that combinations of ICI 182780 and BE-3-3-3 caused down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL proteins and increased the level of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein. Combination treatment also increased caspase-8 activation. Analysis of polyamine levels 48 h after combination treatment showed that spermidine and spermine levels were down regulated significantly. These studies indicate a potentially effective combination strategy for breast cancer treatment. Our results also link the down-regulation of polyamine pathway to apoptotic cell death and regulation of mediators of cell death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
authors.forename: Srivani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balabhadrapathruni
authors.forename: Latha M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Santhakumaran
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shirahata
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Thresia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053181:Caspase 8; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D006801:Humans; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D013096:Spermine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D011073:Polyamines; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C059685:N(1),N(11)-diethylnorspermine; D000077267:Fulvestrant; D013096:Spermine; D004958:Estradiol; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D020169:Caspases