The Contegra conduit in the right ventricular outflow tract induces supravalvular stenosis.
OBJECTIVE
We sought to evaluate the incidence and nature of pulmonary stenosis after implantation of the bovine jugular vein graft (Contegra; Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, Minn) in the right ventricular outflow tract.


METHODS
Between May 2000 and September 2002, 58 Contegra conduits (8-22 mm) were implanted during primary (n = 27) or redo operations (n = 31) in 57 patients, with ages ranging from 2 days to 48 years (mean, 9 years). Indications were truncus arteriosus (n = 16), tetralogy of Fallot (n = 28), pulmonary replacement in the Ross operation (n = 10), and Rastelli-type repair for double-outlet right ventricle (n = 4). Echocardiography was prospectively performed by a fixed team of investigators during follow-up (mean, 22.7 +/- 10 months). A peak gradient of greater than 50 mm Hg was considered severe stenosis.


RESULTS
Two patients died from Staphylococcus aureus -induced septicemia and enterococcal endocarditis after 12 days and 12 weeks, respectively. One patient died of heart failure caused by endocardial fibroelastosis after 1 year. Freedom from severe stenosis at the distal anastomosis was 91% +/- 3% at 3 months, 68% +/- 6% at 12 months, and 49% +/- 8% at 24 months. The risk of development of stenosis does not change over time. Younger age and its derivatives (graft size and indication) are significantly related to the occurrence of severe stenosis ( P < .0001). Seventeen (29%) conduits required an endovascular intervention (balloon dilatation or stent). Seven (12%) conduits were explanted (endocarditis, 2; stenosis, 5). Histologic analysis of the explanted conduits showed excessive proliferation of neointima at the level of the distal anastomosis. Valve regurgitation was observed in 9 (16%) conduits and was always secondary to dilatation in the presence of severe distal stenosis.


CONCLUSIONS
The Contegra conduit induces a neointimal proliferation at the level of the pulmonary anastomosis. This leads to a high incidence of severe stenosis at intermediate-term follow-up.
Meyns
Bart
B
Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Bart.Meyns@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
Van Garsse
Leen
L
Boshoff
Derize
D
Eyskens
Benedicte
B
Mertens
Luc
L
Gewillig
Marc
M
Fieuws
Steffen
S
Verbeken
Erik
E
Daenen
Willem
W
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D021921:Aortic Stenosis, Supravalvular / Q000209:etiology*; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis / Q000009:adverse effects; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000473:pathology; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000601:surgery; D014338:Truncus Arteriosus / Q000601:surgery; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology