title: Lipopolysaccharide transport to the bacterial outer membrane in spheroplasts.
abstract: The mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) transport in Gram-negative bacteria from the inner membrane to the outer membrane is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the possibility that LPS transport proceeds via a soluble intermediate associated with a periplasmic chaperone analogous to the Lol-dependent transport mechanism of lipoproteins. Whereas newly synthesized lipoproteins could be released from spheroplasts of Escherichia coli upon addition of a periplasmic extract containing LolA, de novo synthesized LPS was not released. We demonstrate that LPS synthesized de novo in spheroplasts co-fractionated with the outer membranes and that this co-fractionation was dependent on the presence in the spheroplasts of a functional MsbA protein, the protein responsible for the flip-flop of LPS across the inner membrane. The outer membrane localization of the LPS was confirmed by its modification by the outer membrane enzyme CrcA (PagP). We conclude that a substantial amount of LPS was translocated to the outer membrane in spheroplasts, suggesting that transport proceeds via contact sites between the two membranes. In contrast to LPS, de novo synthesized phospholipids were not transported to the outer membrane in spheroplasts. Apparently, LPS and phospholipids have different requirements for their transport to the outer membrane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tefsen
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Geurtsen
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Beckers
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tommassen
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: de Cock
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000737:chemistry; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D001665:Binding Sites; D001692:Biological Transport; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000737:chemistry; D019897:Periplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D013104:Spheroplasts / Q000378:metabolism; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008074:Lipoproteins; C079726:MsbA protein, Bacteria; D010743:Phospholipids; D013395:Sucrose; D000217:Acyltransferases; C468520:PagP protein, E coli; C493166:CRCK1 protein, Arabidopsis; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases