title: Chest pain in patients with cardiac and noncardiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe factors influencing chest pain expression in patients with cardiac or noncardiac disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a case presentation and review of literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Causes of chest pain are diverse. Psychologic factors influence chest pain expression commonly in patients with or without cardiac disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physicians and other therapists must be aware of psychologic influences on chest pain expression to provide optimal treatment to their patients.
authors.affiliation: University of Florida and the Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, P.O. Box 100181, Gainesville, FL 100181-0181, USA. shepsds@medicine.ufl.edu
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Sheps
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Creed
authors.forename: Ray E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Clouse
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D017288:Pain Threshold; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors