title: Effects of different cereal grains and ractopamine hydrochloride on performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality in late-finishing pigs.
abstract: Forty-eight barrows and forty-eight gilts (PIC 337 sires x PIC C22 dams) were evaluated to determine the effects of feeding ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) and different cereal grains on the carcass and fat quality in late finishing pigs. The study was carried out using four replicates with 24 animals in each replicate (four pigs per pen, six pens per replicate, two replicates per slaughter date, 12 pens per slaughter date). Treatments for the experiment included corn, wheat, and barley (early finisher period); and corn, corn + RAC, wheat, wheat + RAC, barley, and barley + RAC for the late finisher period. Ractopamine was fed at the level of 10 mg/kg (as-fed basis) of feed. Pigs were allotted to early finisher period treatments at approximately 45 kg BW. Pigs were then given late finisher period treatments at approximately 80 kg BW and fed for 28 d. The dietary digestible lysine level for all diets was maintained at 2.7 g/Mcal of ME. Pigs fed the wheat and corn diets during the late finisher period had a greater (P <0.05) G:F than those fed the barley diets. Pigs fed diets with RAC had lower (P <0.05) leaf fat weights, 10th-rib fat, last-rib fat, and belly firmness and had improved (P <0.05) dressing percents and loin muscle areas compared with those not receiving RAC. Pigs fed the wheat diets had a greater (P <0.05) dressing percent than those receiving the barley diets, but pigs fed the barley diets had a higher (P <0.05) Minolta L* for fat color than pigs fed wheat. Pigs fed diets containing RAC produced pork that was less tender (P <0.05) compared with pigs that did not receive RAC. Linoleic acid percent values were higher (P <0.05) for pigs fed diets with RAC than in those that did not. Feeding RAC improved G:F and lowered feed intake of pigs during the late finisher period (P <0.05). Feeding diets equal in lysine (2.7 g/Mcal of ME) but varying in ME, whether based on corn, wheat, or barley with or without RAC, had little to no effect on carcass, meat, or fat quality attributes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rincker
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Killefer
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: F K
authors.initials: FK
authors.lastname: McKeith
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary; D002523:Edible Grain / Q000502:physiology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D001467:Hordeum / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D007455:Iodine / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D005227:Fatty Acids; D010627:Phenethylamines; C060897:ractopamine; D007455:Iodine