title: Epidemiology of lower limb fractures in general practice in the United Kingdom.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incidence of lower limb fractures in the United Kingdom and assess the relative importance of various risk factors for lower limb fractures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort analysis and matched case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  General practices contributing information to the General Practice Research Database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Individuals registered with these general practices who were at risk for a first time lower limb fracture from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age, sex, and fracture site specific incidence rates; relative risks and population attributable risks for various medical risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the risk of lower limb fracture was 17% higher in women then in men. Within age groups, men and women had generally similar proportions of fractures at specific sites in the lower limb. Among the risk factors evaluated, road collisions were associated with the highest relative risk for lower limb fracture, but only accounted for 3.1% or less of the population attributable risk for specific fracture types in any age group. The relative risk for lower limb fracture associated with a diagnosis of dementia was 2.3 (95% confidence interval 2.0 to 2.6), while relative risk estimates for other medical diagnoses were less than 2. Fracture risk was increased among current users of corticosteroids, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and hypnotic/sedatives, but the population attributable risks for each of these drug classes within fracture and age specific strata were only 3.0% or less.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many risk factors for lower limb fracture have been identified, but population attributable risk estimates for various risk factors are small. These findings suggest that multifactorial prevention programs are needed to decrease the incidence of lower limb fractures in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, Boston University School of Medicine, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, USA. jkaye@bu.edu
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kaye
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jick
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology