title: Effects of genetic background on cardiovascular anomalies in the Ts16 mouse.
abstract: To investigate the genetic contribution to phenotypic variability in aneuploidy, we generated mice with trisomy 16 (Ts16) by mating [Rb(6.16)24Lub x Rb(16.17)7Bnr]F1 males with females from four inbred strains, BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, and DBA/2J. Among the four Ts16 strains that were generated, there were no significant differences in survival, weight, or length relative to euploid control littermates at either embryonic day (E) 14.5 or E17.5. All Ts16 fetuses at E14.5 had edema that ranged from mild to severe, increased amniotic fluid volume, and a thickened neck. At E17.5, Ts16 fetuses exhibited two distinct phenotypes, one with an edematous morphology and the other runt-like. None of these gross morphological abnormalities was strain-specific either in occurrence or frequency. At E10.5, there were pharyngeal arch artery (PAA) anomalies in all Ts16 embryos on the C3H/HeJ background, but none in trisomics on the other three backgrounds. However, at E17.5, there was in addition to ventricular and atrioventricular septal defects, a high frequency of aortic arch defects in Ts16 fetuses, irrespective of genetic background. Taken together, these findings indicate that there are at least two mechanistic responses to the presence of three copies of mouse chromosome 16 in the modeling of the cardiovascular system: one, development of PAA defects, is strongly influenced by genetic background; but the second, development of aortic arch anomalies in the absence of preexisting PAA anomalies, is not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA. avillar@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Blank
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kozy
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Ursell
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities; D001934:Branchial Region / Q000098:blood supply; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000196:embryology; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004487:Edema / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D010641:Phenotype; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014314:Trisomy