title: Costs of managing urinary and faecal incontinence in a sub-acute care facility: a "bottom-up" approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure accurately the direct costs of managing urinary and faecal incontinence in the sub-acute care setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study was undertaken in two sub-acute care units in a metropolitan hospital. A consecutive series of 29 consecutive patients with urinary and/or faecal incontinence, who were in-patients in a geriatric rehabilitation or sub-acute neurologic unit underwent routine timed voiding protocol, as per usual care. Face-to-face bedside recordings of all incontinence care, with detailed cost analysis, were undertaken.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 3,621 occasions of continence care were costed. The median time per 24 hr spent caring for incontinence per patient was 109 min (interquartile range 88-140). Isolated urinary incontinence episodes occurred in 28 patients (96.5%), mixed urinary/faecal incontinence episodes observed in 79.3%, and episodes of pure faecal incontinence were seen in 62%. The median costs of incontinence care in the sub-acute setting was $49AU per 24 hr, the major share ($41) spent on staff wages. The incontinence tasks of toileting assistance, pad changes, bed changes and catheter care were spread evenly across the three 8 hr shifts of duty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As our population demographics include an increasingly greater portion of the elderly, for whom long term institutional care is becoming relatively more scarce, provision of care in the sub-acute unit that may allow rehabilitation and return to home warrants scrutiny. This is the first study that delineates the costs of managing urinary and faecal incontinence in the sub-acute care setting. Such costs are substantial and place a heavy burden upon night-time carers.
authors.affiliation: The Pelvic Floor Unit, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Alastair R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Maria Theresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lapsley
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonski
authors.forename: Kate H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001512:Bedding and Linens / Q000191:economics; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000191:economics* / Q000451:nursing; D005851:Geriatric Nursing / Q000191:economics; D017048:Health Care Costs; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D016496:Incontinence Pads / Q000191:economics; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers / Q000191:economics; D019467:Subacute Care / Q000191:economics*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000191:economics* / Q000451:nursing