title: Prostaglandin FP agonists alter metalloproteinase gene expression in sclera.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to determine whether exposure of the sclera to prostaglandin (PG)F(2alpha) or to the PGF(2alpha) analogue latanoprost acid alters mRNA for matrix metalloproteinases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen human eye bank eyes were studied. Circular pieces of sclera were either immediately preserved in a stabilization reagent or cultured in low-serum DMEM/F-12 medium. The cultures were treated for 24 hours with medium supplemented with PGF(2a), latanoprost acid, or vehicle. Total RNA was then isolated, and the expression of mRNA for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -3, -8, -9, -10, and -12 were determined by real-time PCR. All results were normalized according to the GAPDH mRNA in each sample. Altered mRNA expression after PG treatments also was evaluated with microarrays containing 19 MMP genes and 4 tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real-time PCR results showed that 24 hours of exposure to 100 nM PGF(2alpha) significantly increased mRNA for MMP-1 and -9 (P < 0.06 Wilcoxon test) and that exposure to 100 nM latanoprost acid significantly increased mRNA for MMP-9 (P < 0.06 Wilcoxon test). Array analysis demonstrated increases of MMP-3 and -10 mRNA after exposure to 100 nM latanoprost and further increases after exposure to 200 nM latanoprost. The array results also showed that latanoprost induced dose-dependent increases in the expression of TIMP-1, -2, and -3 mRNA in the scleral cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGF(2alpha) and latanoprost acid induce coordinated alterations of MMP gene transcription in scleral organ cultures. These results indicate that PGs can directly trigger MMP gene transcription changes within the sclera. These changes support a role for increased MMPs in the enhancement of uveoscleral outflow that occurs after topical treatment with latanoprost.
authors.affiliation: Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 9209-0946, USA. weinreb@eyecenter.ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Weinreb
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchenko
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marchenko
authors.forename: Mila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angert
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strongin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003199:Computer Systems; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D000077338:Latanoprost; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012590:Sclera / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D011461:Prostaglandins F, Synthetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D000077338:Latanoprost; D015237:Dinoprost; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases