title: Gender: a major determinant of brain response to nicotine.
abstract: Biological factors responsible for nicotine initiation and dependence are largely unknown. Men and women smoke differently, and may smoke for different reasons. Brain metabolic response to nicotine may explain gender differences in nicotine use. We used FDG-PET to measure brain metabolic response on placebo and following nicotine administered by patch in 42 females and 77 males (smokers and non-smokers) while performing a Continuous Performance Task (CPT) or the Bushman Competition and Retaliation Task (CRT). Nicotine administration affected brain metabolism much differently in males and females, and these differences were dependent on task and smoking history. In the placebo condition female smokers performing the CPT and female non-smokers performing the CRT consistently had higher brain metabolism than males, especially in the entire prefrontal system and the mid and anterior temporal lobe, language cortices, and related subcortical systems. The overall effect of nicotine was to decrease these gender differences in brain metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, BIRN-RP, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3960, USA.
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Keator
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mbogori
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Potkin
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects*; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000187:drug effects; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000378:metabolism*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D009538:Nicotine