Rapid, membrane-initiated actions of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D: what are they and what do they mean?
Vitamin D is a conditionally required nutrient traditionally thought to influence physiology as the metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)(2) D] by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and stimulating the transcription of genes through direct VDR-DNA interactions. However, over the past 15 y research has demonstrated that 1,25(OH)(2) D, as well as other steroid hormones, can rapidly stimulate ion fluxes and activate protein kinases by transcription-independent mechanisms. This review summarizes recent research on the rapid actions of 1,25(OH)(2) D and identifies questions that remain to be answered in this area.
Fleet
James C
JC
Department of Foods and Nutrition and the Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
D000818:Animals; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D011494:Protein Kinases; D002117:Calcitriol