title: Neurofeedback with anxiety and affective disorders.
abstract: A robust body of neurophysiologic research is reviewed on functional brain abnormalities associated with depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. A review of more recent research finds that pharmacologic treatment may not be as effective as previously believed. A more recent neuroscience technology, electroencephalographic (EEG) biofeedback (neurofeedback), seems to hold promise as a methodology for retraining abnormal brain wave patterns. It has been associated with minimal side effects and is less invasive than other methods for addressing biologic brain disorders. Literature is reviewed on the use of neurofeedback with anxiety disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and with depression. Case examples are provided.
authors.affiliation: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah School of Medicine, PM&R 30 No 1900 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2119, USA. D.C.Hammond@m.cc.utah.edu
authors.forename: D Corydon
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hammond
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000628:therapy