title: Detection of somatization and depression in primary care in Saudi Arabia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies have shown a high worldwide prevalence of mental disorders in primary care. Many patients present with unexplained physical symptoms rather than psychological complaints, resulting in an excess number of costly clinical investigations. This study investigates the ability of primary care physicians to correctly detect and diagnose somatization and depression in Saudi Arabian patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all 431 primary care patients in Riyadh Saudi Arabia were screened for somatization and depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ). Primary care physicians independently assessed these same patients while blinded to the results of the PHQ. Agreement between physician observations and the screening instrument was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the PHQ as the standard of comparison for measuring the detection rates of Saudi physicians, the agreement between and the PHQ and physician assessments was kappa = 0.40 for depression (0.45 females, 0.31 males) and kappa = 0.27 for somatization (0.36 females, 0.12 males). Physicians assessed higher rates of somatization than indicated by the screening instrument and demonstrated poor diagnostic agreement on somatization and depression, particularly for male patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saudi primary care physicians have awareness of psychiatric disorders, but their diagnostic skills are poor for somatization and depression. Psychiatric training should be supported in the continuing education of primary care physicians and patients should be encouraged to report psychological complaints to family physicians. A simple screening instrument for identifying mental disorders in developing countries is a valuable tool for assessment in primary care.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13210 Bruce B. Downs Boulevard, Tampa, FL 33612-3805, USA. sbecker1@hsc.usf.edu
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires