title: Overexpression of IRS2 in isolated pancreatic islets causes proliferation and protects human beta-cells from hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis.
abstract: Studies in vivo indicate that IRS2 plays an important role in maintaining functional beta-cell mass. To investigate if IRS2 autonomously affects beta-cells, we have studied proliferation, apoptosis, and beta-cell function in isolated rat and human islets after overexpression of IRS2 or IRS1. We found that beta-cell proliferation was significantly increased in rat islets overexpressing IRS2 while IRS1 was less effective. Moreover, proliferation of a beta-cell line, INS-1, was decreased after repression of Irs2 expression using RNA oligonucleotides. Overexpression of IRS2 in human islets significantly decreased apoptosis of beta-cells, induced by 33.3 mM D-glucose. However, IRS2 did not protect cultured rat islets against apoptosis in the presence of 0.5 mM palmitic acid. Overexpression of IRS2 in isolated rat islets significantly increased basal and D-glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as determined in perifusion experiments. Therefore, IRS2 is sufficient to induce proliferation in rat islets and to protect human beta-cells from D-glucose-induced apoptosis. In addition, IRS2 can improve beta-cell function. Our results indicate that IRS2 acts autonomously in beta-cells in maintenance and expansion of functional beta-cell mass in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohanty
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Spinas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maedler
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Zuellig
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Donath
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Trüb
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niessen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism*; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: C526292:IRS1 protein, human; C526297:IRS2 protein, human; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat; C526299:Irs2 protein, rat; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D005947:Glucose