title: Brief communication: Sleep curtailment in healthy young men is associated with decreased leptin levels, elevated ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Total sleep deprivation in rodents and in humans has been associated with hyperphagia. Over the past 40 years, self-reported sleep duration in the United States has decreased by almost 2 hours.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether partial sleep curtailment, an increasingly prevalent behavior, alters appetite regulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, 2-period, 2-condition crossover clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
  
  
  METHODS
  12 healthy men (mean age [+/-SD], 22 +/- 2 years; mean body mass index [+/-SD], 23.6 +/- 2.0 kg/m2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Daytime profiles of plasma leptin and ghrelin levels and subjective ratings of hunger and appetite.
  
  
  METHODS
  2 days of sleep restriction and 2 days of sleep extension under controlled conditions of caloric intake and physical activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep restriction was associated with average reductions in the anorexigenic hormone leptin (decrease, 18%; P = 0.04), elevations in the orexigenic factor ghrelin (increase, 28%; P < 0.04), and increased hunger (increase, 24%; P < 0.01) and appetite (increase, 23%; P = 0.01), especially for calorie-dense foods with high carbohydrate content (increase, 33% to 45%; P = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study included only 12 young men and did not measure energy expenditure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short sleep duration in young, healthy men is associated with decreased leptin levels, increased ghrelin levels, and increased hunger and appetite.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spiegel
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tasali
authors.forename: Plamen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Penev
authors.forename: Eve
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Cauter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D054439:Ghrelin; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000502:physiology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D020738:Leptin; D036361:Peptide Hormones