title: Tolerance develops in spinal cord, but not in brain with chronic [Dmt1]DALDA treatment.
abstract: Previously, we reported that H-2',6'-dimethyltyrosine [Dmt(1)]-d-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH(2) (DALDA), an analogue of the naturally occurring opioid peptide dermorphin, is a highly potent and selective mu receptor agonist with low cross-tolerance to morphine. In the present study, we investigated the effect of treating mice chronically with [Dmt(1)]DALDA. The AD(50) of [Dmt(1)]DALDA (s.c.) increased eight-fold in animals given this drug chronically; in contrast, the AD(50) increased two-fold in mice chronically treated with morphine. The AD(50) of morphine (s.c.) in these [Dmt(1)]DALDA-treated animals was increased more than 120 times, while that of the more selective mu agonist [d-Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO) given intrathecally was increased more than 240 times. However, the AD(50) of DAMGO given intracerebroventricularly was essentially the same in animals treated chronically with [Dmt(1)]DALDA as in naive animals. The dose of naloxone required to precipitate withdrawal in [Dmt(1)]DALDA-treated animals was 20 times lower than that in morphine-tolerant animals. Using real-time quantitative PCR, we found that expression of the mu opioid receptor, delta opioid receptor, preproenkephalin and preprodynorphin genes was upregulated in the brain by [Dmt(1)]DALDA treatment. No significant changes in expression of opioid receptor or opioid peptide genes were detected in the spinal cord of [Dmt(1)]DALDA-treated mice, nor in the brain or spinal cord of morphine-treated mice. We conclude that a high degree of tolerance to [Dmt(1)]DALDA develops in the spinal cord but not brain, and cannot be accounted for by changes in expression of opioid receptors or opioid peptides in these tissues.
authors.affiliation: California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 2330 Clay Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ben
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)- / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides; D020875:Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; C063076:tyrosyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-lysinamide; C076121:2',6'-dimethyltyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine