title: Diagnostic conscious pain mapping using laparoscopy under local anaesthetic and sedation in general surgical patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients in whom extensive investigations have failed to identify the cause of abdominal pain present a challenge to surgeons. We present our initial experience of using laparoscopy under local anaesthetic and sedation in the diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients with chronic abdominal pain and multiple normal investigations underwent laparoscopy under local anaesthetic and sedation. By touching and grasping intra-abdominal viscera and peritoneum, an attempt was made to reproduce the patient's pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients were found to have pain arising from the gall bladder and subsequently underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with resolution of their symptoms. A third patient had a clinical presentation of chronic acalculous cholecystitis and a normal laparoscopy. She decided to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which cured her pain. Another patient had pain arising from the appendix, which resolved after an appendicectomy. Three patients had pelvic adhesions, which caused chronic abdominal pain. After adhesiolysis, one is pain free; the others declined surgery for adhesions and their pain resolved. Conscious pain mapping was negative in two patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopy can be carried out in the conscious patient, who is then usually able to collaborate with the surgeon in establishing the source of the pain experienced during conscious pain mapping. Long-term effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy has not yet been established.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery and Anaesthetics, Wexham Park Hospital, Slough, UK. matthew@tytherleigh3.fsnet.co.uk
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Tytherleigh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fell
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome