title: Cerebral and cerebellar sensorimotor plasticity following motor imagery-based mental practice of a sequential movement.
abstract: Motor behavior and sensorimotor activation of the cerebrum and cerebellum were measured before and after motor imagery-based mental practice (MP) and physical practice (PP) of a sequential motor task. Two-button-press sequences (A, B) were performed outside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner and at 2 Hz inside the scanner during a pretest. Participants (n = 39) completed PP, MP, or no practice (NP) of Sequence A for 1 week and were posttested. Sequence A performance improved 121%, 86%, and 4% for the PP, MP, and NP groups, respectively (p < 0.05), while Sequence B improved 56%, 40%, and 38% (p > 0.05). PP improvements were accompanied by increased striatal and decreased cerebellar activation, while MP improvements were accompanied by increased cerebellar, premotor, and striatal activation. The efficacy of MP for activating cerebral and cerebellar sensorimotor networks suggests that MP might be an effective substitute or complement to PP to activate compensatory networks for motor rehabilitation.
authors.affiliation: Neuromotor Rehabilitation Research Laboratory and Neuroimaging Research Laboratory, Department of Veterans Affairs Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA. mlacourse@csulb.edu
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lacourse
authors.forename: Jessica A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Randolph-Orr
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schandler
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019018:Imagery, Psychotherapy; D007092:Imagination; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D011597:Psychomotor Performance