title: MR relaxometry and 1H MR spectroscopy for the determination of iron and metabolite concentrations in PKAN patients.
abstract: The influence of iron deposits on T2 values and the content of metabolites in the brain of three patients with DNA proved pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN, formerly Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome) was studied. An eye-of-the-tiger sign, a typical MR finding for PKAN, was observed in two patients with the same mutation. A hypointensive lesion in a whole globus pallidus was observed in the third patient with the additional mutation. T2 values in the globus pallidus of the patients were about 40% shorter than in controls (71/48 ms in controls vs. patients), which corresponds to the increase of Fe concentration based on the ferritin basis from 17 mg for controls to 48 mg (100 g wet brain weight) in PKAN patients. 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS) has mainly been used to describe neuronal damage represented by decreased NAA (6.4 mmol vs. 9 mmol) and Cr/PCr (7.0 mmol vs. 9.8 mmol) concentrations in the basal ganglia region of the patient group to controls; MRS is much more case-sensitive and describes individual development of the disease as demonstrated in the difference between the spectra of typical PKAN patients (1, 2), and the patient (3) with atypical PKAN development. Any significant changes of metabolite concentration with the exception glutamine, glutamate and GABA were found in the white matter.
authors.affiliation: MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic. miha@medicon.cz
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hájek
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adamovicová
authors.forename: Vít
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Herynek
authors.forename: Antonín
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skoch
authors.forename: Filip
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jírů
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krepelová
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dezortová
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D006211:Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D007501:Iron