title: Right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit reduces interim mortality after stage 1 Norwood for hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite significant improvement in survival after stage 1 Norwood, interim mortality before the second-stage operation remains significant. On the basis of reports of improved circulatory stability associated with the use of a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit, the difference between two physiologically different sources of pulmonary blood flow on interim mortality was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collection of 96 consecutive hospital survivors after stage 1 Norwood surgery was undertaken. The source of pulmonary blood flow was a modified right Blalock-Taussig shunt in 46 (BTS) and a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit in 50 patients. The same follow-up protocol was used in both groups. Data analysis was performed to identify variables associated with interim mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of patient-related and procedure-related variables revealed no differences in age, weight, diagnosis, presence of aortic atresia, lowest perioperative pH, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, circulatory arrest, length of mechanical ventilation, or hospital stay at the time of stage 1 Norwood between groups. Respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure were the only differences detected between groups at the time of discharge. Interim mortality was higher in the Blalock-Taussig shunt group. Statistical analysis identified aortic atresia, a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, and the presence of perioperative dysrhythmias to be associated with interim mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt decreases the incidence of interim mortality among hospital survivors after stage 1 Norwood for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Aortic atresia, the use of a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, and perioperative dysrhythmias are independently associated with a higher mortality before superior cavopulmonary connection.
authors.affiliation: Nemours Cardiac Center, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA. cpizarro@nemours.org
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pizarro
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mroczek
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malec
authors.forename: William I
authors.initials: WI
authors.lastname: Norwood
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta / Q000601:surgery*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome