title: Primary stenting of subclavian and innominate artery occlusive disease: a single center's experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review immediate and midterm results of primary stenting for innominate and subclavian artery occlusive lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective data were collected from 48 consecutive symptomatic patients (27 men and 21 women, median age 64 years) having 49 subclavian and innominate artery lesions treated with stenting. Of the patients 52% had concomitant ischemic heart disease, and 30% had carotid and/or vertebral artery disease. Indication for treatment was vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) in 16.6% of the patients; upper limb ischemia (ULI) in 31.3%; VBI and ULI in 12.5%; transient ischemic attack in 16.7%; angina in 12.5% before or after left internal mammary artery-to-coronary artery bypass grafting; and leg claudication in 10.4% before or after axillofemoral bypass grafting. Balloon-expandable stents were used in 44 lesions and self-expandable stents in 5 lesions. In total, 53 stents were placed in 48 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was 96%, and clinical success 94%. We encountered four complications (two puncture site hematomas, one distal hand embolization and one transient cerebral ischemia). Two patients died within 30 days from other causes, and seven patients were lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up time was 16.7 months (range 0.3 to 68.2). Five patients had recurrent lesions treated by surgical (n = 2) or endovascular (n = 3) means. Cumulative primary patency rate was 91.7% and 77% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. Cumulative secondary patency rate was 96.5% and 91.7% at 12 and 24 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stenting of subclavian and innominate artery lesions resulted in immediate resolution of patients' symptoms with durable midterm effect and few complications in a larger patient group with serious comorbid conditions.
authors.affiliation: Dotter Interventional Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Park Rd., L342, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098, USA. platanos@hol.gr
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Brountzos
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Binkert
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Panagiotou
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000379:methods; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000098:blood supply; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000502:physiology; D014715:Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy