The problem of amino acid complementarity and antisense peptides.
The review presents three hypotheses concerning the amino acid complementarity: 1) the Mekler-Blalock antisense hypothesis; 2) the Root-Bernstein approach based on stereochemical complementarity of amino acids and anti-amino acids coded by anticodons read in parallel with the coding DNA strand; 3) Siemion hypothesis resulting from the periodicity of the genetic code. The current state of knowledge as well as the results of the implementations of these hypotheses are compared. A special attention is given to Root-Bernstein and Siemion hypotheses, which differ in only few points of the complementarity prediction. We describe methods of investigation of peptide-antipeptide pairing, including circular dichroism, mass spectrometry, affinity chromatography and other techniques. The biological applications of complementarity principle are considered, such as search for bioeffector-bioreceptor interaction systems, the influence of peptide-antipeptide pairing on the activity of peptide hormones, and the application of antipeptides in immunochemistry. The possible role of amino acid-anti-amino acid interactions in the formation of the spatial structures of peptides, proteins and protein complexes is discussed. Such problems as the pairing preferences of protein-protein interfaces, the role of the pairing in the creation of disulfide bonds and the possible appearance of such interactions in beta-structure are also examined. The main intention of the paper is to bring the complementarity problem to the attention of the scientific community, as a possible tool in proteomics, molecular design and molecular recognition.
Siemion
Ignacy Z
IZ
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland. siemion@wchuwr.chem. uni.wroc.pl
Cebrat
Marek
M
Kluczyk
Alicja
A
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary
D000596:Amino Acids; D010455:Peptides