title: [Strabismus surgery in Grave's disease--dose-effect relationships and functional results].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Strabismus in thyroid ophthalmopathy is based on a loss of the contractility and distensibility of the external ocular muscles. Different therapeutic approaches are available, such as recession after pre-. or intraoperative measurement, adjustable sutures, antagonist resection, or contralateral synergist faden-operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  26 patients with strabismus in thyroid ophthalmopathy were operated between 2000 and 2003. All patients were examined preoperatively, then 1 day and 3 - 6 months (maximum 36 months) postoperatively. Before proceeding with surgery, we waited at least 6 months after stabilization of ocular alignment and normalization of thyroid chemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative vertical deviation was 10-44 PD (mean 22), 3 months postoperatively it was 2-10 PD (mean 1.5). Recession of the fibrotic muscle leads to reproducible results: 3.98 +/- 0.52 PD vertical deviation/mm for the inferior rectus. In the case of a large preoperative deviation a correction should be expected, which might not be sufficient in the first few days or weeks; a second operation should not be carried out before 3 months. 7 patients were operated twice, 1 patient need three operations. 4 patients (preop. 0) achieved no double vision at all; 15 patients (preop. 1) had no double vision in the primary and reading positions; 3 patients (preop. 0) had no double vision with a maximum of 5 PD; 1 patient (preop. 7) had double vision in the primary or reading position even with prisms; and 2 patients (preop. 17) had double vision in every position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We advocate that recession of the restricted inferior or internal rectus muscle is precise, safe and effective in patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy. The recessed muscle should be fixed directly at the sclera to avoid late over-correction through a slipped muscle. The success rate in terms of binocular single vision was 76 % and 88 % with prisms added.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsaugenklinik Rostock, Rostock. michael.schittkowski@med.uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schittkowski
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fichter
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guthoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013285:Strabismus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids