title: Evaluation of transcatheter arterial embolization prior to percutaneous tumor ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) may reduce the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence when performed before percutaneous tumor ablation (PTA), either percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). We conducted a randomized, controlled trial comparing the use of TAE combined with percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (TAE/PEIT) to the use of PEIT only to assess the effects on HCC recurrence and survival. We continued the study after the introduction of RFA and compared TAE combined with RFA (TAE/RFA) with RFA only.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March 1997 and April 2001, 42 HCC patients were enrolled who satisfied the following inclusion criteria: (1) uninodular HCC as determined by angiography under computed tomography, (2) arterial hypervascularity, and (3) no prior history of HCC treatment. Twenty-two patients were treated with TAE/PTA (PEIT, 12; RFA, 10) and 20 patients with PTA only (PEIT, 14; RFA, 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were four cases of local recurrence in the PTA-only group and none in the TAE/PTA group (P=0.043). The four patients with local recurrence were treated with PEIT. None of the patients treated with RFA showed local recurrence. The effect of TAE on overall recurrence was not significant (P=0.4179). In the multivariate analysis, prior TAE was not significant for survival (P=0.514).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TAE has a limited use in suppressing local recurrence when performed before PEIT but not before RFA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. aka8@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
authors.forename: Haruhiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Shuntaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Obi
authors.forename: Shinpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujishima
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamamura
authors.forename: Takuma
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Teratani
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiina
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omata
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol