title: A group intervention which assists patients with dual diagnosis reduce their drug use: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a well-recognized association between substance use and psychotic disorders, sometimes described as 'dual diagnosis'. The use of substances by people with psychosis has a negative impact in terms of symptoms, longitudinal course of illness and psychosocial adjustment. There are few validated treatments for such individuals, and those that do exist are usually impracticable in routine clinical settings. The present study employs a randomized controlled experimental design to examine the effectiveness of a manualized group-based intervention in helping patients with dual diagnosis reduce their substance use.
  
  
  METHODS
  The active intervention consisted of weekly 90-min sessions over 6 weeks. The manualized intervention was tailored to participants' stage of change and motivations for drug use. The control condition was a single educational session.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-three subjects participated, of whom 58 (92%) completed a 3-month follow-up assessment of psychopathology, medication and substance use. Significant reductions in favour of the treatment condition were observed for psychopathology, chlorpromazine equivalent dose of antipsychotics, alcohol and illicit substance use, severity of dependence and hospitalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to reduce substance use in individuals with psychotic disorders, using a targeted group-based approach. This has important implications for clinicians who wish to improve the long-term outcome of their patients.
authors.affiliation: Alma Street Centre, Fremantle Hospital and Health Service, Fremantle, WA 6160, Australia.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kisely
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Castle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome