title: Clonal B cell populations in a minority of patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is a risk factor for thyroid lymphoma, and clonal B cell populations in HT support this link. The literature on B cell clonality in HT is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify clonal B cell populations in HT and to assess their usefulness in differentiating HT from mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and predicting future development of lymphoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  DNA from formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded blocks of thyroid specimens from 10 patients with HT and two thyroid MALT lymphomas was analysed for B cell clonality by seminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using FRIII/LJH and FRIII/VLJH primers to amplify the IgH gene VDJ region. In one case, PCR products were sequenced. Immunohistochemistry was performed by labelled streptavidin-biotin technique using antibodies to: CD45, CD45RO, CD3, CD20, and cytokeratin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histopathological and clinical findings were characteristic of HT. Clonal bands were seen in three and a polyclonal smear pattern was seen in seven cases. The clonal bands in HT were associated with a background smear, and could not be reproduced from other blocks from the same case or from deeper sections of the same block. The clonal bands in thyroid lymphomas were not associated with a background smear and were reproducible. None of the patients with clonal B cells has developed malignant lymphoma during a follow up of 10-13 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  B cell clonal bands in HT have different features from those in lymphoma (non-pure and non-reproducible) and do not predict future development of lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Royal University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W8, Canada. Saxena@sask.usask.ca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Alport
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Moshynska
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kanthan
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Boctor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000235:genetics; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D018442:Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000473:pathology; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D007136:Immunoglobulins