title: A period of transient viremia and occult infection precedes persistent viremia and antiviral immune responses during multiple low-dose intravaginal simian immunodeficiency virus inoculations.
abstract: In rhesus macaques, classic systemic infection, characterized by persistent viremia and seroconversion, occurred after multiple low-dose (10(3) 50% tissue culture infective doses) intravaginal (IVAG) inoculations with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain SIVmac251. Monkeys developed classic SIV infections after a variable number of low-dose IVAG exposures to SIVmac251. Once established, the systemic infection was identical to SIV infection following high-dose IVAG SIV inoculation. However, occult systemic infection characterized by transient cell-associated or cell-free viremia consistently occurred early in the series of multiple vaginal SIV exposures. Further, antiviral cellular immune responses were present prior to the establishment of a classic systemic infection in the low-dose vaginal SIV transmission model.
authors.affiliation: California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Zhong-Min
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abel
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rourke
authors.forename: Yichuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014621:Vagina / Q000821:virology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000821:virology