title: Atypical language cortex in the left temporal lobe: relationship to bilateral language.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) is widely used in the preoperative evaluation for epilepsy surgery to lateralize language dominance and memory functions. However, language mapping has most often been accomplished with cortical brain stimulation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine left temporal lobe language cortex representation using this technique in patients with bilateral language (BL) as compared with patients with left language dominance (LD).
  
  
  METHODS
  The language maps of each patient were reviewed retrospectively. Group I consisted of 10 patients with BL and Group II consisted of 10 matched control patients with LD. Each stimulation trial included a brief assessment of confrontation naming, automatic speech, reading, repetition, and comprehension. Clusters of errors that included comprehension, repetition, and naming defined primary temporal lobe language areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mapping revealed two distinct language areas in 60% of patients in Group I and 10% in Group II (p = 0.019). In Group I, two patients had both language areas in the same gyrus (either the superior or the middle temporal gyrus), whereas two showed one language area each in the superior and middle temporal gyri and the remaining two had one in the superior temporal gyrus and the other intermixed between the superior and middle temporal gyri. In Group II, both language areas were intermixed between the superior and middle temporal gyri.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral language (BL) representation in the intracarotid amobarbital procedure is frequently associated with more than one noncontiguous language area in the left temporal lobe. A careful search for multiple language areas, particularly in patients with BL, is prudent prior to surgical resection.
authors.affiliation: Minnesota Epilepsy Group, 310 Smith Ave. N., Suite 300, St. Paul, MN 55102-2383, USA. drrjabbour@hotmail.com
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jabbour
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Penovich
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Risse
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kispert
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gates
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000654:Amobarbital / Q000008:administration & dosage; D038481:Anterior Temporal Lobectomy; D001931:Brain Mapping; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D007802:Language; D007807:Language Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000654:Amobarbital