title: Family history of primary movement disorders as a predictor for neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A genetic susceptibility to extrapyramidal symptoms caused by treatment with neuroleptic medication has been suggested.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify predictor variables for neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms, particularly considering family history of primary movement disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 100 in-patients receiving a stable neuroleptic medication with regard to occurrence of extrapyramidal symptoms, drug history and detailed family history of primary movement disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Step-wise logistic regression analysis revealed that a positive family history was a significant predictor for lifetime prevalence of extrapyramidal symptoms, including reported and currently observed symptoms. The duration of exposure to neuroleptic medication and age were further predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings underline the notion of genetic susceptibility for secondary extrapyramidal symptoms and suggest possible shared genetic factors in primary and secondary movement disorders as well as psychotic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Germany. lencer.r@psychiatry.uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Rebekka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lencer
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eismann
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasten
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kabakci
authors.forename: Verena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Geithe
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D009459:Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D015995:Prevalence; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents