title: Pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics and antirheumatic drugs in rheumatology.
abstract: Genomic medicine has raised many expectations with regard to individualized therapies. Drug response is a complex function of many genes interacting with environmental and behavioral factors. In addition, poor prescribing, interactions between drugs and an incomplete understanding of the metabolism of many drugs, which are administered simultaneously to treat concomitant morbidities, are leading causes of the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in chronic non-inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Symptomatic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as disease-modifying drugs, are complicated by drop-outs (poor patient compliance) in a large percentage of patients. Even though intensive and careful monitoring is always clearly advisable, preliminary data suggest that typing of genes controlling the effects, metabolism and response of drugs might be of clinical utility to define the 'at-risk' genotype.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Postgraduate School in Rheumatology, Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart-CIC, Via Moscati 31, 00168 Rome, Italy. gf.ferraccioli@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferraccioli
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Santis
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tolusso
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000639:trends*; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000639:trends*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors