title: Prophylactic ibuprofen versus placebo in very premature infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patent ductus arteriosus is a common complication of prematurity that frequently requires surgical or medical treatment. The benefit of prophylactic treatment by indometacin, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, remains uncertain compared with curative treatment. This benefit could be improved with ibuprofen, another cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor with fewer adverse effects than indometacin on renal, mesenteric, and cerebral perfusion. We aimed to compare prophylactic and curative ibuprofen in the treatment of this abnormality in very premature infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  We did a randomised controlled trial in infants younger than 28 weeks of gestation, who were randomly assigned to receive either three doses of ibuprofen or placebo within 6 h of birth. After day 3, symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus was treated first by open curative ibuprofen, then back-up indometacin, surgery, or both. The primary endpoint was need for surgical ligation. Analysis was per protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study was stopped prematurely after 135 enrollments because of three cases of severe pulmonary hypertension in the prophylactic group. 65 infants received prophylactic ibuprofen, and 66 received placebo. Prophylaxis reduced the need for surgical ligation from six (9%) to zero (p=0.03), and decreased the rate of severe intraventricular haemorrhage from 15 (23%) to seven (11%) (p=0.10). However, survival was not improved (47 [71%] placebo vs 47 [72%] treatment, p=1.00), because of high frequency of adverse respiratory, renal, and digestive events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In premature infants, prophylactic ibuprofen reduces the need for surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus, but does not reduce mortality or morbidity. Therefore, it should not be preferred to early curative ibuprofen.
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique et Néonatale, Hôpital de la Mère et de l'Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, Quai Moncousu, 44000 Nantes, France. veronique.gournay@chu-nantes.fr
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gournay
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Roze
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuster
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daoud
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cambonie
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hascoet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chamboux
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fichtner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Savagner
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gouyon
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Flurin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thiriez
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008297:Male; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007052:Ibuprofen