title: Characterizing the effects of droplines on target acquisition performance on a 3-D perspective display.
abstract: The present study investigated the effects of droplines on target acquisition performance on a 3-D perspective display in which participants were required to move a cursor into a target cube as quickly as possible. Participants' performance and coordination strategies were characterized using both Fitts' law and acquisition patterns of the 3 viewer-centered target display dimensions (azimuth, elevation, and range). Participants' movement trajectories were recorded and used to determine movement times for acquisitions of the entire target and of each of its display dimensions. The goodness of fit of the data to a modified Fitts function varied widely among participants, and the presence of droplines did not have observable impacts on the goodness of fit. However, droplines helped participants navigate via straighter paths and particularly benefited range dimension acquisition. A general preference for visually overlapping the target with the cursor prior to capturing the target was found. Potential applications of this research include the design of interactive 3-D perspective displays in which fast and accurate selection and manipulation of content residing at multiple ranges may be a challenge.
authors.affiliation: San Jose State University Foundation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA. mliao@mail.arc.nasa.gov
authors.forename: Min-Ju
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Walter W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014584:User-Computer Interface