title: Co-stimulation of human breast cancer cells with transforming growth factor-beta and tenascin-C enhances matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and cancer cell invasion.
abstract: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), tenascin-C (TN-C) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been demonstrated independently to be associated with disease progression and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. The present study explored effects of TGF-beta and TN-C on MMP-9 expression and cancer invasion. An experimental study was designed to analyse MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, known for their high invasiveness, after stimulation with TGF-beta1 and/or TN-C. TGF-beta1 stimulated TN-C expression in the cells. Co-stimulation of MDA-MB-231 cells with TN-C and TGF-beta increased MMP-9 expression at both the gene (28-fold) and the protein levels. The in vitro invasion also increased (4-fold). GM6001 inhibited the invasion induced by the co-stimulation. The combined effect of TN-C and TGF-beta resulted in enhanced MMP-9 expression and cancer invasion in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Kalembeyi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ilunga
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishiura
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inada
authors.forename: Amro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Karef
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imanaka-Yoshida
authors.forename: Teruyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakakura
authors.forename: Toshimichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000032:analysis*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D019063:Tenascin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019063:Tenascin; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9