title: Prevalence and incidence of androgen deficiency in middle-aged and older men: estimates from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study.
abstract: Little is known about the descriptive epidemiology of androgen deficiency. In this study, we sought to address this issue by providing estimates of the crude and age-specific prevalence and incidence rates of androgen deficiency in a randomly sampled population-based cohort of middle-aged and older men. Data on androgen deficiency (defined using both signs/symptoms plus total and calculated free testosterone) were available for n = 1691 (baseline) and n = 1087 (follow-up) men from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Crude and age-specific prevalence and incidence rates were calculated. Based on these estimates, projections for the number of cases of androgen deficiency in the 40- to 69-yr-old U.S. male population were computed. Estimates of the crude prevalence of androgen deficiency at baseline and follow-up were 6.0 and 12.3%, respectively. Prevalence increased significantly with age. From baseline age-specific prevalence data, it is estimated that there are approximately 2.4 million 40- to 69-yr-old U.S. males with androgen deficiency. The crude incidence rate of androgen deficiency was 12.3 per 1,000 person-years, and the rate increased significantly (P < 0.0001) with age. Based on these incidence data, we can expect approximately 481,000 new cases of androgen deficiency per year in U.S. men 40-69 yr old.
authors.affiliation: New England Research Institutes, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, USA.
authors.forename: Andre B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
authors.forename: Donald J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Longcope
authors.forename: Alvin M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: McKinlay
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013739:Testosterone