The role of the state in the social inclusion of complementary and alternative medical occupations.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the views of government spokespersons regarding the efforts of five complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) groups (chiropractic, traditional Chinese medicine/acupuncture, naturopathy, homeopathy and Reiki) to take their place in the formal health care system.


METHODS
In this small scale, exploratory study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 10 key government officials at the federal (5), provincial (4) and municipal (1) levels. We used qualitative techniques such as constant comparison to describe and explain their responses to three main questions: (1) What should be the role of the state in the professionalization of CAM? (2) Is there a legitimate place for CAM groups in the formal health care system? and (3) Should CAM services be integrated with conventional medical care?


METHODS
Ontario, Canada.


RESULTS
The findings identify a fundamental tension between the various levels of government. Their mandate to protect the public comes into conflict with the obligation to respond to consumer pressure for CAM. Safety, efficacy and cost-containment were the chief explanations given for the government's slowness to catch up to consumers. They also mentioned fears of rising health care costs and the lack of cohesion among and between CAM groups as barriers to legitimacy and integration.


CONCLUSIONS
Realizing the professional aspirations of CAM practitioners will depend on the outcome of a political contest between the public, the state and the established health care professions.
Kelner
Merrijoy
M
Institute for Human Development, Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, 222 College Street, Suite 106, Toronto, Canada M5T 3J1. merrijoy.kelner@utoronto.ca
Wellman
Beverly
B
Boon
Heather
H
Welsh
Sandy
S
D002170:Canada; D003256:Community Participation; D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000191:economics; D003363:Cost Control; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration; D006076:Government; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans