title: Endogenous interleukin-6 enhances the renal injury, dysfunction, and inflammation caused by ischemia/reperfusion.
abstract: Here, we investigate the effects of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) on the degree of renal injury, dysfunction, and inflammation in interleukin (IL)-6 knockout (IL-6(-/-)) mice and mice administered a monoclonal antibody against IL-6. IL-6(-/-) mice were subjected to bilateral renal artery occlusion (30 min) and reperfusion (24 h). At the end of experiments, indicators and markers of renal dysfunction, injury, and inflammation were measured. Kidneys were used for histological evaluation of renal injury. Renal expression of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin, as well as nitration of proteins in the kidney, were determined using immunohistochemistry. In addition, wild-type mice were pretreated (24 and 1 h before ischemia) with an IL-6 antibody to mimic the effects that would be seen in IL-6(-/-) mice. IL-6(-/-) mice and wild-type mice administered the IL-6 antibody demonstrated significantly reduced plasma urea and creatinine levels, indicating reduction of renal dysfunction caused by I/R. Neutrophil infiltration was also significantly reduced in IL-6(-/-) mice and wild-type mice administered the IL-6 antibody subjected to renal I/R. Proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1beta) in renal tissues were significantly attenuated in IL-6(-/-) mice to levels seen in wild-type mice. IL-6(-/-) mice demonstrated reduced histological evidence of tubular injury and markedly reduced immunohistochemical evidence of ICAM-1, P-selectin, and nitrotyrosine when subjected to renal I/R. We propose that endogenous IL-6 enhances the degree of renal injury, dysfunction, and inflammation caused by I/R of the kidney by promoting the expression of adhesion molecules and subsequent oxidative and nitrosative stress.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Experimental Medicine, Nephrology, and Critical Care, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
authors.forename: Nimesh S A
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Prabal K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Paola
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzon
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Britti
authors.forename: Angelina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Sarro
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuzzocrea
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thiemermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009393:Nephritis / Q000473:pathology*; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000032:analysis; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D019007:P-Selectin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D003404:Creatinine