title: Metoclopramide attenuates iminodipropionitrile-induced oxidative stress and neurobehavioral toxicity in rats.
abstract: Metoclopramide (MET) has long been used as a neuroleptic and antiemetic drug in clinical practice. Motor impairment and dyskinesia have been reported in some patients following chronic treatment with MET. Occasionally, the adverse symptoms may appear even after acute exposure to MET in more susceptible population (such as elderly individual) or due to concomitant exposure to MET and certain neurotoxins. Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN), a prototype nitrile toxin, has been shown to produce dyskinetic syndrome in rodents. This study reports the effect of concomitant exposure of rats to MET and IDPN on behavioral abnormalities in rats namely excitation, circling and chorea (ECC) syndrome. Four groups of female Wistar rats (aged 3 months) were given MET (0, 10, 40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p., for 11 days) 30 min before IDPN (100 mg/kg, i.p. for 8 days). Two additional groups of rats were treated with either saline (control group) or 80 mg/kg of MET (drug alone group). The animals were observed for neurobehavioral abnormalities including dyskinetic head movement, circling, tail hanging, air righting reflex and contact inhibition of righting reflex. Horizontal and vertical locomotor activities and fore limbs grip strength were also measured. On day 12, the animals were sacrificed and brains were collected for biochemical analysis. MET significantly and dose-dependently protected the animals against IDPN-induced ECC syndrome, motor impairment and deficiency in grip strength. MET also protected the animals against IDPN-induced oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Research Group, Armed Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 7897 (W-912), Riyadh 11159, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Haseeb
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ahmad Khan
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Deeb
authors.forename: Khalaf
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Al Moutaery
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tariq
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009570:Nitriles / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D008787:Metoclopramide