title: Treatment of long-term intravascular catheter-related bacteraemia with antibiotic lock: randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The use of an antibiotic lock (AB-lock) for the treatment of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) has been suggested, but randomized trials have never been performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, blinded, multicentre trial was set up to compare an AB-lock-containing vancomycin for Gram-positive or ceftazidime for Gram-negative bacteria-with placebo, in addition to parenteral AB therapy. We included only CRBSI from a long-term intravascular device (LTID) whether tunnelled or totally implanted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 30 months, 174 patients with an LTID and bacteraemia were evaluated, of whom 85 had a CRBSI. Forty-six patients were included. Frequent reasons for exclusion were: catheter not vacant for >8-12 h/day for the AB-lock (n =10); yeast infection or mixed Gram-positive/negative infections (n =13); catheter removal preferred by the treating physician (n =7); and CRBSI <14 days after insertion or pocket/tunnel infection (n =10). Forty-four patients met the criteria for modified intention-to-treat analysis. The primary endpoint was failure to cure the CRBSI or relapse with the same strain. On study day 180 by Kaplan-Meier analysis, this occurred in 33% (seven of 21) in the AB-lock arm and in 57% (13 of 23) in the placebo arm (hazard ratio 0.55, P =0.10). A relapse with the same strain occurred in 9/23 with the placebo and 3/21 with the AB-lock (P =0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future studies should take into account the barriers to the use of AB-lock observed in this study. Most importantly, shorter lock dwell times and broader spectrum locks (e.g. antiseptic) should be investigated to target a larger patient population.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. b.rijnders@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Bart J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Rijnders
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Wijngaerden
authors.forename: Stefaan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Vandecasteele
authors.forename: Marguerite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stas
authors.forename: Willy E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Peetermans
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin; D002442:Ceftazidime