title: Defining and improving response to treatment in patients with bipolar disorder.
abstract: Functional outcomes are more meaningful measures of response to treatment for bipolar disorder than are scores on various psychiatric rating scales (all of which have limitations) used to gauge improvement in symptoms. With the former approach, patients are considered to be in remission if they achieve normal or near-normal levels of functioning in occupational, family, and social settings. Sleep patterns are reliable indicators of whether a patient with bipolar disorder is likely to relapse or sustain remission in the near term. Regularly scheduled nightly sleep periods may help prevent rapid cycling in patients with mania, while perturbations in circadian rhythms may be early markers of impending relapse. Medications used to attain response and/or remission in maintenance therapy include lithium and valproate. The choice of mood stabilizer depends on the patient's symptoms, prior response to a mood stabilizer, and tolerance of the drug. For patients requiring additional therapy, combination regimens with mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics appear effective. Psychoeducation for patients and families and interpersonal psychotherapy also can help prolong remission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA. paul.keck@uc.edu
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Keck
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005192:Family Health; D005196:Family Therapy; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D008094:Lithium