title: Inflammation, insulin, and endothelial function in overweight children and adolescents: the role of exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess subclinical inflammation, fasting insulin, and endothelial function before and after exercise in overweight children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five children (body mass index [BMI] >85th percentile) were assessed for brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitroglycerin-induced dilation, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipids, glucose, insulin, oral glucose tolerance, body composition, aerobic fitness (peak oxygen uptake [VO 2 peak]), and blood pressure. Twenty of these persons were equally and randomly assigned to either 8 weeks of stationary cycling or to a non-exercising control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A baseline correlation was found between CRP and fasting insulin (r = 0.62; P < .001), which remained significant after adjusting for baseline variables (r = 0.53; P < .05). After 8 weeks, significant improvements were observed in the exercise group compared with the control group for VO 2 peak (exercise group = 21.8 +/- 2.1 to 23.2 +/- 1.5 mL/kg/minute vs control group = 23.4 +/- 1.6 to 20.9 +/- 2.2 mL/kg/minute; P < .05), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (exercise group = 1.02 +/- 0.03 to 1.10 +/- 0.04 mmol/L vs control group = 1.08 +/- 0.07 to 0.99 +/- 0.09 mmol/L; P < .05), and FMD area under the curve (AUC) (exercise group = 746 +/- 66 to 919 +/- 94 %*sec vs control group = 731 +/- 102 to 515 +/- 73 %*sec; P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In overweight children and adolescents, CRP is independently associated with fasting insulin. Eight weeks of aerobic exercise improves fitness, HDL cholesterol, and endothelial function in this group.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and St Paul Heart Clinic, St Paul, Minnesota, USA. akelly@stphc.com
authors.forename: Aaron S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Rachel J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wetzsteon
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinberger
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bank
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Dengel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol; D005996:Nitroglycerin