title: Anterior stabilization of the upper thoracic spine via an "interaortocaval subinnominate window": case report and description of operative technique.
abstract: Because of the limitations imposed by the thoracic cage and the paravertebral structures, anterior access to T3 remains a challenge, particularly for the application of anterior fixation devices. Specifically, the appropriate trajectory for the correct placement of T3 screws requires significant caudal access; this may necessitate the addition of a high-level thoracotomy to the traditional combined neck exposure/sternotomy approach to the cervicothoracic junction (ie, the "trap door" exposure). The authors describe a technique for the placement of the T3 screws of a T1-T3 spinal titanium alloy plate via an "interaortocaval subinnominate window" in a patient who underwent a T2 vertebrectomy and polymethylmethacrylate reconstruction. The case history, imaging studies, illustrations, and intraoperative photographs are presented. This novel technique allows for the optimal placement of anterior fixation devices in the upper thoracic spine without the need to extend the caudal exposure with an anterolateral thoracotomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Zvi R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Daryl R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Fourney
authors.forename: Ziya L
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Gokaslan
authors.forename: Garrett L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Laurence D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Rhines
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta; D001860:Bone Plates; D001863:Bone Screws; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior