title: Patient-centered instructions for medications prescribed for the treatment of heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic heart failure (CHF) is associated with reduced functional capacity and quality of life, particularly among older adults. Complex medication regimens for CHF challenge older patients' ability to adhere to them, in part because of age-related cognitive decline and poor communication about medications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This article describes patient-centered instructions for taking CHF medications that were developed as part of a multifaceted pharmacy-based intervention to improve medication adherence and health-related outcomes among older adults with CHF. The findings of 3 initial validation studies investigating patients' reactions to the instructions are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients' responses to the instructions were measured using focus group (study 1) and questionnaire (studies 2 and 3) techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, older adults with CHF in the 3 studies preferred the patient-centered instructions to the standard pharmacy instructions (93.8% in study 1, 65.0% in study 2). In addition, participants' preferences depended on their medication-related goals. A preference for patient-centered instructions reflected a focus on ease of understanding (as supported by the use of large type size, icons, and patient-centered organization), whereas a preference for the standard pharmacy instructions reflected a focus on the amount of information provided about drug interactions (studies 2 and 3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the 3 validation studies, older adults with CHF tended to prefer the patient-centered instructions to the standard pharmacy instructions, although the results were not statistically significant in study 2. This suggests that the use of such instructions may improve patients' medication knowledge and their adherence to treatment regimens.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Aviation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Deer
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McGuire
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004348:Drug Labeling; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D018802:Patient-Centered Care / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents