title: Postprandial lipoprotein changes in patients taking antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dyslipidemia is common among patients receiving antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to determine whether postprandial lipemia contributes to the dyslipidemia observed in HIV-positive patients taking antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A standardized fat load was administered to 65 subjects (group 1 35 HIV-positive subjects receiving protease inhibitors [PIs]; group 2 20 HIV-positive subjects not receiving PIs; group 3 10 HIV-negative controls). Serum triglycerides, retinyl palmitate, and lipoproteins were measured using enzymatic and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Compared with HIV-negative controls, peak postprandial retinyl palmitate and large very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels occurred later in both HIV-positive groups, and a delayed decrease in serum triglycerides was observed. However, postprandial areas under the curve (AUCs) for triglycerides, retinyl palmitate, chylomicrons, and large VLDL were similar. Postprandial AUCs for intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs) and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) were higher in group 1 than groups 2 and 3 (all P<0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postprandial clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins is delayed in HIV-positive individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy. Compared with HIV-positive individuals not on PIs, those taking PIs do not have increased postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins but do have increased postprandial IDLs and LDLs. An oral fat load was administered to 55 HIV-positive and 10 HIV-negative individuals. Postprandial clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins was delayed in HIV-positive individuals. Compared with HIV-positive subjects not on PIs, those taking PIs do not have increased postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins but do have increased postprandial intermediate-density and low-density lipoproteins.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Medical School, 600 Highland Ave, G7/341 CSC (MC 3248) Madison, WI 53792, USA. jhs@medicine.wisc.edu
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Merwood
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Bellehumeur
authors.forename: Patrick E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Wiebe
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sosman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000097:blood; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004224:Diterpenes; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002914:Chylomicrons; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004224:Diterpenes; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D008074:Lipoproteins; D053419:Lipoproteins, IDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D000084562:Retinyl Esters; D014280:Triglycerides; D014801:Vitamin A; C014794:retinol palmitate