title: [Use of cigarettes, alcohol and drugs by adolescents--a questionnaire survey among 9th grade students].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For the planning of further substance abuse prevention programs it is necessary to obtain data about the patterns of region-specific substance use in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2002 a questionnaire survey on substance use among the 9 (th) graders of all school types in the city and in the county of Regensburg was carried out (mean age 15,3 years, N = 1580).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first substance ever used by adolescents are cigarettes, starting at an average age of 12.2 years. 30 % of the students are current daily smokers with 43 % fulfilling criteria of nicotine dependence. When used several times per week 53 % regard the use of spirits being very dangerous, whereas the same rate considers the danger of drinking wine or beer at the same frequency being rather small. The level of information about institutions offering help for substance abuse and dependence problems is being considered as poor or zero by 67 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The primary prevention of smoking as early as possible should be a priority of school-based prevention programs. The study also reveals a deficit of information on substances and institutions offering help for substance abuse and dependence problems which should be faced in school lessons.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum Stadt Hanau. birgit_kraus@klinikum-stadt-hanau.de
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wodarz
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuchlmaier
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kliegel
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Binder
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs