title: [A case-control study on the risk factors of central nervous system congenital malformations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the risk factors in the development of central nervous system (CNS) congenital malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A hospital-based 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted. Each case was matched with two normal controls on sex and residential area, date of birth, within half a year. By means of simple and multivariable conditional logistic regression, 48 factors were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maternal exposure to pesticide or having cold with fever, family history of positive congenital malformations, preference eating pickled vegetables, negative life events, large consumption of meat, eggs, beans and milk during pregnancy and paternal exposure to poisonous chemicals were significantly associated with CNS congenital malformations, with odds ratios 16.471, 12.621, 10.246, 7.274, 3.730, 0.229, 5.616, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal exposure to pesticides, cold with fever, positive congenital malformations family history, preference of eating pickled vegetables, negative life events during pregnancy, and paternal exposure to poisonous chemicals were the key risk factors contributing to CNS congenital malformations, while maternal exposure to big consumption of meat, eggs, beans and milk during pregnancy was protective factors that reducing CNS congenital malformations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, University of Shandong, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Li-jie
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Zhong-tang
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bao-fa
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Feng-rong
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Hao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009421:Nervous System Malformations / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D018812:Paternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors