title: A closed perfusion system with heparin coating and centrifugal pump improves cardiopulmonary bypass biocompatibility in elderly patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiopulmonary bypass induces a systemic inflammatory and hemostatic activation, which may contribute to postoperative complications. Our aim was to compare the inflammatory response, coagulation, and fibrinolytic activation between two different perfusion systems: one theoretically more biocompatible with a closed-circuit, complete heparin coating, and a centrifugal pump, and one conventional system with uncoated circuit, roller pump, and a hard-shell venous reservoir.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one elderly patients (mean age, 73 +/- 1 years, 66% men) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting or aortic valve replacement were included in a prospective, randomized study. Plasma concentrations of complement factors (C3a, C4d, Bb, and sC5b-9), proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8), granulocyte degradation products (polymorphonuclear elastase), and markers of coagulation (thrombin-antithrombin) and fibrinolysis (D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator antigen and tissue plasminogen activator-plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex) were measured preoperatively, at bypass during rewarming (35 degrees C), 60 minutes after bypass, and on day 1 after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentrations of C3a (-39%; p = 0.008), Bb (-38%; p < 0.001), sC5b-9 (-70%; p < 0.001), interleukin-8 (-60%; p = 0.009), polymorphonuclear-elastase (-55%; p < 0.003), and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (-51%; p = 0.012) were all significantly lower in the biocompatible group during rewarming. Sixty minutes after bypass, the mean concentrations of sC5b-9 (-39%; p = 0.006) and polymorphonuclear-elastase (-55%; p < 0.001) were lower in the biocompatible group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that a closed perfusion system with a heparin-coated circuit and a centrifugal pump may improve cardiopulmonary bypass biocompatibility in elderly cardiac surgery patients in comparison with a conventional system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lindholm
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Westerberg
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ekroth
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeppsson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D003167:Complement Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D010477:Perfusion / Q000295:instrumentation; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016207:Cytokines; D006493:Heparin