title: Thyroid status, disability and cognitive function, and survival in old age.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the equivocal outcomes of randomized controlled trials, general clinical opinion favors screening and treatment of elderly individuals with subclinical thyroid disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether subclinical thyroid dysfunction should be treated in old age and the long-term impact of thyroid dysfunction on performance and survival in old age.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, observational, population-based follow-up study within the Leiden 85-Plus Study of 87% of a 2-year birth cohort (1912-1914) in the municipality of Leiden, the Netherlands. A total of 599 participants were followed up from age 85 years through age 89 years (mean [SD] follow-up, 3.7 [1.4] years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Complete thyroid status at baseline; disability in daily life, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and mortality from age 85 years through 89 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma levels of thyrotropin and free thyroxine were not associated with disability in daily life, depressive symptoms, and cognitive impairment at baseline or during follow-up. Increasing levels of thyrotropin were associated with a lower mortality rate that remained after adjustments were made for baseline disability and health status. The hazard ratio (HR) for mortality per SD increase of 2.71 mIU/L of thyrotropin was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63-0.94; P = .009). The HR for mortality per SD increase of 0.21 ng/dL (2.67 pmol/L) of free thyroxine increased 1.16-fold (95% CI, 1.04-1.30; P = .009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the general population of the oldest old, elderly individuals with abnormally high levels of thyrotropin do not experience adverse effects and may have a prolonged life span. However, evidence for not treating elderly individuals can only come from a well-designed, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of General Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. jgussekloo@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Jacobijn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gussekloo
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Exel
authors.forename: Anton J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: de Craen
authors.forename: Arend E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Meinders
authors.forename: Marijke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frölich
authors.forename: Rudi G J
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Westendorp
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine