title: Relationship of carotid intima-media thickness, pulse wave velocity, and ankle brachial index to the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and the ankle brachial index (ABI) are widely used noninvasive modalities for evaluating atherosclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of carotid IMT, PWV, and ABI with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), expressed as the Gensini score, and the presence of coronary risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 205 consecutive patients (mean age 65 +/- 12 years) who were clinically suspected of having CAD and were scheduled to undergo coronary angiography. Carotid intima-media thickness, brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV), and ABI were measured in all subjects before they underwent coronary angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 205 patients, 124 patients were diagnosed as having CAD based on the presence of >50% stenosis in a major coronary artery; the remaining 81 patients did not have CAD. A relatively good correlation was obtained between carotid IMT and the Gensini score (R = 0.411, p < 0.0001), whereas baPWV correlated only weakly with the Gensini score (R = 0.203, p = 0.0035), and ABI did not correlate with it. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the Gensini score correlated significantly and independently with age, male gender, and carotid IMT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the three noninvasive methods, carotid IMT may be more useful for determining coronary artery atherosclerosis than baPWV or ABI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Course of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki City, Japan. Yoshi226@aol.com
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsushima
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Genji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: Katsusuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000842:Ankle / Q000473:pathology; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology*