title: Movement disorder emergencies.
abstract: Movement disorders may present acutely, and failure to recognize and exclude important differential diagnoses can result in significant morbidity or mortality. Unfortunately, much of the literature pertaining to this topic is scattered and not easily accessible. This review aims to address this deficit. Movement disorder emergencies are discussed according to their most likely mode of presentation. Diagnostic considerations and early management principles are reviewed, along with appropriate pathophysiology where relevant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kipps
authors.forename: Victor S C
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Padraic
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grattan-Smith
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: de Moore
authors.forename: John G L
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002389:Catatonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004421:Dystonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D004630:Emergencies; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008305:Malignant Hyperthermia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009127:Muscle Rigidity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009459:Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011818:Rabies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D020230:Serotonin Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D013742:Tetanus / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D014103:Torticollis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology