title: Effects of estrous synchronization on response to nitric oxide donors, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, and endothelin-1 in vitro.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of nitric oxide (NO) donors, endothelin-(ET-1), and NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors on bovine luteal function in vitro. In experiment 1, estrus in Brahman cows was synchronized with Synchro-Mate-B (SMB) and day-13-14 corpora luteal slices were weighed, diced and incubated in vitro. Treatments (100 ng/ml) were: vehicle, N[see symbol in text]-nitro-L-arginine-L-methyl ester (L-NAME), N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA), diethylenetriamine (DETA), DETA-NONOate, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or ET-1. In experiment 2, estrus was synchronized with Lutalyse, a Controlled Intravaginal Progesterone Releasing Device (CIDR), or cows were not synchronized. Corpora lutea were collected, weighed, and luteal slices were weighed, diced and incubated in vitro with treatments. Treatments (100ng/ml) were: vehicle, L- NAME, L-NMMA, DETA, DETA-NONOate, sodium nitroprusside, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) or endothelin-1. Tissues were incubated in M- 199 for 1 h without treatments and for 4 and 8 h in both experiments with treatments in both experiments. Media were analyzed for progesterone, prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha (PGE2, PGF2alpha) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Hormone data in experiments 1 and 2 were analyzed by 2 x 7 and 3 x 2 x 8 factorial design for analysis of variance (ANOVA), respectively. Luteal weights in experiment 2 were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA. Concentrations of progesterone in media were similar (P > or = 0.05) among treatments within experiments. Concentrations of PGE2 in media in experiment 1 were undetectable in 90 and 57% of the samples at 4 and 8 h, respectively. PGF2alpha increased (P < or = 0.05) with time, but did not differ (P > or = 0.05) among treatments. Secretion of PGF2alpha was not affected by treatments (P > or = 0.05). In experiment 2, luteal weights of the induced estrous cycle were decreased (P < or = 0.05) by Lutalyse. Concentrations of PGE2 and PGF2alpha increased (P < or = 0.05) with time in control of all three synchronization regimens. DETA-NONOate, SNAP, sodium nitroprusside (NO donors) and ET-1 increased (P < or = 0.05) PGE2 except in the CIDR synchronized group (P > or = 0.05). No treatment increased (P > or = 0.05) PGF2alpha in any synchronization regimen. It is concluded that either SMB containing norgestomet or a CIDR containing progesterone alters luteal secretion of PGE2, Lutalyse lowers luteal weights in the induced estrous cycle, and NO or ET-1 given alone are not luteolytic agents. It is suggested that NO and ET-1 could have indirect antiluteolytic/luteotropic effects via increasing PGE2 secretion by luteal tissue rather than being luteolytic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. weems@hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Weems
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Randel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tatman
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Neuendorff
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Weems
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004971:Estrus; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase