title: Is there a role of visual cortex in spatial hearing?
abstract: The integration of auditory and visual spatial information is an important prerequisite for accurate orientation in the environment. However, while visual spatial information is based on retinal coordinates, the auditory system receives information on sound location in relation to the head. Thus, any deviation of the eyes from a central position results in a divergence between the retinal visual and the head-centred auditory coordinates. It has been suggested that this divergence is compensated for by a neural coordinate transformation, using a signal of eye-in-head position. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated which cortical areas of the human brain participate in such auditory-visual coordinate transformations. Sounds were produced with different interaural level differences, leading to left, right or central intracranial percepts, while subjects directed their gaze to visual targets presented to the left, to the right or straight ahead. When gaze was to the left or right, we found the primary visual cortex (V1/V2) activated in both hemispheres. The occipital activation did not occur with sound lateralization per se, but was found exclusively in combination with eccentric eye positions. This result suggests a relation of neural processing in the visual cortex and the transformation of auditory spatial coordinates responsible for maintaining the perceptual alignment of audition and vision with changes in gaze direction.
authors.affiliation: Section Neuropsychology, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lewald
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grodd
authors.forename: Hans-Otto
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Karnath
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006309:Hearing / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D013017:Sound Localization / Q000502:physiology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen