title: Ketogenic diet fed rats have low levels of S100B in cerebrospinal fluid.
abstract: Ketogenic diets have been used to treat seizure disorders of children resistant to conventional anti-epileptic drug treatment. The mechanism of action of this diet, however, is unknown. Gliosis is a very common characteristic in tissues associated with epileptogenesis and glial cytokines may be involved in the pathology of seizure disorders. We investigate herein, whether ketogenic diet fed rats demonstrate changes in the immunocontent of S100B, an astrocyte-derived cytokine elevated in the temporal lobe of refractory epilepsy. Lower levels of S100B were observed in cerebrospinal fluid with no significant changes in S100B and GFAP content in brain tissue. Ketogenic fed rats presented a lower seizure severity induced by pentylenetetrazole and no change in cerebrospinal fluid S100B after pentylenetetrazole administration. These results support the concept that the ketogenic diet is neuroprotective in seizure disorders. Since S100B has an extracellular activity in neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity, it would be reasonable to conceive that a decrease in the S100B could be involved in the mechanism of action of the ketogenic diet. However, it is not possible to establish a direct link between reduced CSF S100B and decreased severity of PTZ-induced attacks at present moment. Regardless of this, CSF S100B could be proposed as an index of efficacy of ketogenic diet for seizure disorders.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Denize R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Diogo L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Letícia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tramontina
authors.forename: Luis V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Portela
authors.forename: Susana T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Wofchuk
authors.forename: Marcos L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Carlos-Alberto
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D003292:Convulsants; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D005526:Food, Formulated; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005911:Gliosis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D007657:Ketone Bodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003292:Convulsants; D005904:Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein; D007657:Ketone Bodies; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; C579158:S100b protein, rat; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole