title: The treatment of chronic anal fissure with botulinum toxin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of botulinum toxin for the treatment of uncomplicated dorsal chronic idiopathic anal fissure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients who reported post defecatory anal pain since two months or more were given a total of 20U botulinum toxin in the anal sphincter apparatus on both sides as well as below the anal fissure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven patients received a second session of 25U botulinum toxin injection. Thirty-five patients (78%) presented completely healed anal fissure, while ten needed lateral internal sphincterotomy. All patients were followed up for 8-36 months. Two patients relapsed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local injection of botulinum toxin is a new and safe treatment; however, two sessions of injections are necessary to be effective and long-term follow-up to assess the recurrence rate of fissure is needed to evaluate further this method of treatment. Partial internal lateral sphincterotomy is no more the treatment of choice for chronic anal fissure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Ioannina Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Godevenos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pikoulis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pavlakis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stathoulopoulos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gavrielatou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leppäniemi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A