title: [Long-term results of interventional treatment of large unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): significant survival benefit from combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) compared to TACE monotherapy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A retrospective analysis of long-term efficacy of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) and TACE monotherapy was conducted in patients with large, non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with large, unresectable HCC lesions underwent selective TACE. Liver cirrhosis was present in 42 patients, due to alcohol abuse (n = 22) and viral infection (n = 17). In three patients, the underlying cause for liver cirrhosis remained unclear. Child A cirrhosis was found in 22 and Child B cirrhosis in 20 patients. Repeated and combined TACE and PEI were performed in 22 patients and repeated TACE monotherapy was performed in 28 patients. Survival and complication rates were determined and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 6-,12-, 24- and 36-month survival rates were 61 %, 21 %, 4 %, and 4 % for TACE monotherapy and 77 %, 55 %, 39 % and 22 % for combined TACE and PEI (Kaplan-Meier method). The kind of treatment significantly affected the survival rate (p = 0.002 log-rank test). Severe side effects were present in two patients of the monotherapy group and in three patients of the combination therapy group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of TACE and PEI is an effective and safe method in the palliative treatment of large HCC that has the potential of improving long term survival compared to TACE monotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Radiologische Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Abteilung Radiodiagnostik, Heidelberg. andreas_lubienski@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lubienski
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bitsch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schemmer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grenacher
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Düx
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Kauffmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000431:Ethanol