title: Detection of gyrA and parC mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae by use of oligonucleotide biochip technology.
abstract: An oligonucleotide biochip that specifically detects point mutations in the gyrA and parC genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was designed and subsequently evaluated with 87 untreated clinical specimens. The susceptibilities of the N. gonorrhoeae strains were tested to determine the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant strains in Anhui Province, People's Republic of China. Conventional DNA sequencing was also performed to identify mutations in gyrA and parC and to confirm the biochip data. The study demonstrates that all of the point mutations in the gyrA and parC genes of N. gonorrhoeae were easily discriminated by use of the oligonucleotide biochip. Fifteen different alteration patterns involved in the formation of ciprofloxacin resistance were identified by the biochip assay. Double mutations in both Ser91 and Asp95 of the GyrA protein were seen in all nonsensitive isolates. Double mutations in Ser91 and Asp95 of GyrA plus mutation of Glu91 or Ser87 of the ParC protein lead to significant high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin in N. gonorrhoeae isolates. The results obtained by use of the oligonucleotide biochip were identical to those obtained by use of DNA sequencing. In conclusion, the oligonucleotide biochip technology has potential utility for the rapid and reliable identification of point mutations in the drug resistance genes of N. gonorrhoeae.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wenming
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Huimin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Jianlong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yujun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Shumei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wenhui
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002681:China; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics*; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D017354:Point Mutation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase