title: Mycophenolic acid inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-induced reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is the major pathologic feature associated with chronic allograft nephropathy, and mycophenolic acid (MPA) inhibits VSMC proliferation. Since the role of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH)-dependent de novo guanosine synthesis is limited in VSMCs, we examined the effects of MPA on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced cellular ROS and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation in VSMCs. Primary cultured rat VSMCs were stimulated with PDGF-BB in the presence or absence of MPA. Cell proliferation was assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation, ROS by flow cytometry and MAPK activation by Western blot analysis. PDGF increased cell proliferation, cellular ROS and extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation by 3.4-, 1.6-, 3.3- and 3.9-fold, respectively. MPA at above 1 muM inhibited PDGF-induced cellular ROS and ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation, as well as proliferation. Structurally different anti-oxidants and inhibitor of ERK or p38 MAPK blocked PDGF-induced proliferation. Anti-oxidants also inhibited ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. Exogenous guanosine partially recovered the inhibitory effect of MPA on VSMC proliferation. These results suggest that MPA may inhibit PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation partially through inhibiting cellular ROS, and subsequent ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation in addition to inhibiting IMPDH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jehyun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hunjoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Jiyeon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Myoung Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hae Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyu Ha
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Kiil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yu Seun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D006151:Guanosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D006151:Guanosine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D013936:Thymidine