title: The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin modulates gene expression and represses the extracellular matrix protein laminin gamma1 in human glioblastoma cells.
abstract: The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is associated with more aggressive gliomas and poor survival. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit COX activity and have antitumorigenic properties. In this report, our initial aim was to determine if indomethacin would alter gene expression as measured by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Three up-regulated and four down-regulated genes by indomethacin treatment were identified. Laminin gamma1, an extracellular matrix molecule, was the most significantly repressed gene. The repression of laminin gamma1 by indomethacin was confirmed by Northern and Western blot analyses and occurred in a concentration- and time-dependent manner at the protein level. Among several NSAIDs tested, only sulindac sulfide and indomethacin suppressed laminin gamma1 protein expression, and this repression was observed in both COX-expressing and -deficient cell lines, suggesting that laminin gamma1 repression by COX inhibitors was independent of COX. Indomethacin, at a concentration that represses laminin gamma1, inhibited glioblastoma cell invasion that was partially restored with additional human laminin protein containing gamma1 chain. The repression of laminin gamma1 by NSAIDs may be related to attenuation of invasion of brain tumors. These findings are important in understanding the chemopreventive activity of some NSAIDs and could be relevant for designing therapeutic strategies against glioblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Frank G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Bottone
authors.forename: Seijiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taniura
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kamitani
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Eling
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003720:Densitometry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D007797:Laminin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013467:Sulindac / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007797:Laminin; D011720:Pyrazoles; C115461:SC 560; C089141:laminin gamma 1; C090859:1-((4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-5-(4-fluorophenyl)pyrazole; D013467:Sulindac; D005047:Etoposide; C025462:sulindac sulfide; D007213:Indomethacin