title: Effect of proteoglycan depletion on T2 mapping in rat patellar cartilage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate experimentally the sensitivity of T2 mapping with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 8.5 T in depicting variations in proteoglycan content and concurrent extracellular matrix of rat patellar cartilage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed in 36 immature (age, 5 weeks) and 36 mature (age, 10 weeks) Wistar rats. Maintenance and care of the rats were conducted in accordance with National Institutes of Health guidelines. Fifty-six rats underwent T2 mapping in 28 right patellae degraded with hyaluronidase for 1 and 6 hours and in 28 undegraded age-matched patellae that served as controls. After MR mapping, the rats were sacrificed, and the patellae were studied histologically to evaluate proteoglycan and collagen content and collagen network organization in cartilage. Biochemical analysis was performed in 88 patellae to quantify sulfated glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline content. Effects of age and/or degree of degradation were evaluated after rank transformation of continuous data by using rank analysis of variance (ANOVA). Associations between continuous variables were assessed with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results of histologic analysis showed proteoglycan loss after hyaluronidase degradation without alteration of collagen network. No significant variation in hydroxyproline sulfate content was observed with depletion of proteoglycan. Proteoglycan losses of 19% and 13%, found after 1-hour degradation in immature and mature groups, respectively, were associated with significantly increased global T2 values (ANOVA, P < .001). Six-hour degradation resulted in more severe proteoglycan losses of 45% and 53% in immature and mature groups, respectively, inducing significant increases in global T2 values in immature and mature groups (ANOVA, P < .001). Variations in T2 values between superficial and deep cartilage zones were not affected by proteoglycan depletion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In rat patellar cartilage, T2 mapping permits detection of slight or severe proteoglycan depletion and concurrent changes of extracellular matrix when age-matched samples are compared.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires (UMR 7561), CNRS-Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I, Faculté de Médecine, BP 184, Avenue de la Forêt de Haye, F 54505 Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France.
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watrin-Pinzano
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ruaud
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Olivier
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Grossin
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gonord
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Netter
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guillot
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gillet
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Loeuille
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000737:chemistry; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010329:Patella; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D011509:Proteoglycans; D003094:Collagen