title: Observation of magnetoreceptive behavior in a multicellular magnetotactic prokaryote in higher than geomagnetic fields.
abstract: The magnetotactic multicellular prokaryote (MMP), a motile aggregate of bacterial cells, is known to exhibit an unusual "ping-pong" motility in magnetic fields greater than the earth's field. This motility is characterized by rapid excursions, opposite the direction of an applied magnetic field, and slower returns along the direction of the magnetic field. We have carried out detailed observations of the time and spatial dependence of the ping-pong motility and find 1), the outward and return excursions exhibit a uniform deceleration and acceleration, respectively; 2), the probability per unit time of an MMP undergoing a ping-pong excursion increases monotonically with the field strength; and 3), the outward excursions exhibit a very unusual distance distribution which is dependent on the magnetic field strength. At any given field strength, a characteristic distance is observed, below which very few excursions occur. Beyond this distance, there is a rapid increase in the number of excursions with an exponentially decaying distribution. These observations cannot be explained by conventional magnetotaxis, i.e., a physical directing torque on the organism, and suggest a magnetoreceptive capability of the MMP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Canter
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mahler
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tornheim
mesh_terms: D001417:Background Radiation; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds