title: [Treatment of eyelid retraction in Grave's disease by recession of the levator complex].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The chronic stage in Grave's orbitopathy is characterised by fibrotic changes within the orbital soft tissues, especially the extraocular muscles. Retraction of the eyelids is a common clinical feature of this phenomenon. To solve this problem several techniques for lengthening the upper eyelid have been described with variable rates of success. In this report we describe our modified Harvey's technique for the correction of upper eyelid retraction which includes a complete recession of the Muller's muscle/levator complex from the tarsal plate without the interposition of a spacer. Finally only the skin and the superficial orbicularis muscle are sutured. We also report about our results with this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 patients (1 male, 7 female) with lid retraction in Grave's ophthalmopathy were recorded who had undergone the modified lengthening technique by an external approach between 2001 and 2004. Four patients underwent a bilateral procedure and 1 patient showed a significant under-correction, necessitating reoperation. So a total of 13 procedures were included in this follow-up study. Beside the common ophthalmological examination, special interest was put in the difference of the two eyelid apertures in primary position pre- and postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within a follow-up period of at least 3 months we recorded an averaged lengthening of the upper eyelid of 3.1 mm. The difference of the two eyelid apertures in primary position improved from 2.2 mm preoperatively to 1.0 mm postoperatively. Only 1 patient needed reoperation because of a significant under-correction. There were no late over-corrections observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modified Harvey's technique to lengthen the upper eyelid is a safe and effective method to reduce upper eyelid retraction in Grave's disease. An eventually required orbital decompression or extraocular muscle surgery has to be done before the lid surgery.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Augenklinik Rostock, Rostock. nicole.fichter@med.uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fichter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schittkowski
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Guthoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome