title: Sex determination by discriminant analysis: an evaluation of the reliability of patella measurements.
abstract: Recently, a method which estimates the sex of unknown skeletal remains by discriminant function analysis of the patella has received much recognition. With seven simple measurements and a sexing accuracy of almost 84% this morphometric approach would be very suitable both in the forensic and anthropological context. In order to put this method to the test, 52 unfractured and non-pathological left and right patellae (26 males, 26 females) from a prehistoric skeletal sample were analyzed. In addition, 30 patellae were randomly selected which were not part of the original reference series. The first 15 (4 males, 11 females) had the same sample origin as the 30 target specimen but were of mediocre preservational state. The second 15 belonged to an archaeological sample of different provenience (8 males, 7 females). The results of the current study indicate that the morphometric assessment of this sesamoid is indeed well-suited as the results of the previous study could be duplicated, when sample size was not taken into consideration (85%). However, when the issue of small sample size was systematically addressed via a jack-knife procedure or the calculation of Delta-value, the resultant accuracies dropped to 78 and 74%, respectively. It is suggested that two confounding factors--age and sex of the individual--may be held accountable. There are slight, whilst not statistically significant tendencies to misclassify female and older specimen.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55099 Mainz, Germany. kemkes@mail.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kemkes-Grottenthaler
mesh_terms: D000886:Anthropometry; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010329:Patella / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012727:Sex Characteristics