title: Correlation analysis between anticonvulsant ED50 values of antiepileptic drugs in mice and rats and their therapeutic doses and plasma levels.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although there are several animal models of epilepsy, the extrapolation of antiepileptic drug (AEDs) performance to epileptic patients from anticonvulsant activity results in animals is not straightforward. Consequently, the aim of this work was to perform a correlation analysis between therapeutic daily doses (D) and average steady-state plasma concentrations (Css,av) of AEDs and their activity in common anticonvulsant animal models.
  
  
  METHODS
  AED activity in anticonvulsant animal models was expressed as maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test ED50 values in mice and rats and ED50 values in audiogenic seizure-susceptible mice (AGS ED50). Data were examined, by use of linear and logarithmic approaches, for an association between Css,av (mg/L or micromol/L) and D (mg or mmol) for each AED in epileptic patients as the dependent variable (Y) and its MES ED50 in mice and rats and AGS ED50 in mice (mg/kg or micromol/kg) as the independent variable (X).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Linear correlation analyses between Css,av (mg/L) and ED50 (mg/kg) for 11 AEDs gave the following correlation coefficients (R2): 0.68 (mice, MES); 0.73 (rat, MES); 0.64 (AGS). Switching the units from milligrams to micromoles improved the correlation significantly and gave the following R2 values: 0.88 (mice, MES); 0.90 (rat, MES); 0.76 (AGS). The linear correlation between Css,av and ED50 was better than that between D and ED50.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this analysis suggest that the relationship between Css,av and ED50 is useful in predicting target concentration ranges in humans. The Y intercepts of the Css,av-versus-ED50 and D-versus- ED50 plots were similar in all three animal models and ranged between 12 and 17 mg/L and between 570 and 890 mg, respectively, indicating that for all AEDs analyzed except valproic acid and ethosuximide, the therapeutic plasma concentration is in the range 10-20 mg/L.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. bialer@md.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Meir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bialer
authors.forename: Roy E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Twyman
authors.forename: H Steve
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D016014:Linear Models; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants