title: Rapid increase of bile salt secretion is associated with bile duct injury after human liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biliary strictures are a serious cause of morbidity after liver transplantation. We have studied the role of altered bile composition as a mechanism of bile duct injury after human liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 28 liver transplant recipients, bile samples were collected daily posttransplantation for determination of bile composition. Hepatic expression of bile transporters was studied before and after transplantation. Histopathological criteria as well as biliary concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) were used to quantify bile duct injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early after transplantation, bile salt secretion increased more rapidly than phospholipid secretion, resulting in high biliary bile salt/phospholipid ratio (BA/PL). In parallel with this, mRNA levels of the bile salt transporters NTCP and BSEP increased significantly after transplantation, whereas phospholipid translocator MDR3 mRNA levels remained unchanged. Bile duct injury correlated significantly with bile salt secretion and was associated with a high biliary BA/PL ratio.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bile salt secretion after human liver transplantation recovers more rapidly than phospholipid secretion. This results in cytotoxic bile formation and correlates with bile duct injury. These findings suggest that endogenous bile salts have a role in the pathogenesis of bile duct injury after liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Groningen, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Erwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Geuken
authors.forename: Dorien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Folkert
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blokzijl
authors.forename: Henri G D
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Leuvenink
authors.forename: Koert P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Paul M J G
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Peter L M
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Maarten J H
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Slooff
authors.forename: Annette S H
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gouw
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Porte
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000378:metabolism; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D029363:Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; D010743:Phospholipids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D027981:Symporters; C071908:sodium-bile acid cotransporter; C095122:multidrug resistance protein 3