title: DNA typing of bone specimens--the potential use of the profiler test as a tool for bone identification.
abstract: Twenty-six bone DNA identification cases are described. The postmortem periods of the studied remains ranged from three days to over 30 years, and the locations where the remains were found varied resulting in a variety of postmortem conditions. Nuclear DNA typing using an AmpFLSTR Profiler kit and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) typing of hypervariable regions 1 and 2 (HV1 and HV2) in a control region were performed both with decalcified and non-treated bone powder samples. Decalcification was shown to improve the success of DNA typing. The nucleotide sequences of the HV1 and HV2 regions were successfully determined in all cases examined. Nuclear DNA typing was very successful, more than half of the loci were typed during multiple amplifications (10 loci in one reaction) in 23 cases. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibition was observed in five cases including three samples that were found buried in soil. This inhibitory effect was identified as the result of unbalanced multiple PCR during the profiler test. These results revealed that DNA typing targeting nuclear DNA is a potentially powerful tool for bone identification.
authors.affiliation: First Forensic Science Division, National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan. imaizumi@nrips.go.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Kasumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Senju
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Mineo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting / Q000379:methods*; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000032:analysis*; D005333:Fetus; D018732:Forensic Anthropology; D005553:Forensic Dentistry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014070:Tooth / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial