title: Dynamic upper airway soft-tissue and caliber changes in healthy subjects and snoring patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The oropharyngeal airways are smaller in those who snore than in those who do not. We sought to determine which soft-tissue component surrounding the airways contributes to upper airway narrowing in those who snore.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten control subjects and 19 snoring patients underwent CT, with 2-mm-thick axial sections obtained every 0.6 seconds during the respiration cycle at the same oropharyngeal level. We selected two sections with the widest and narrowest parts of the oropharyngeal airway to measure the anteroposterior and lateral dimensions of the airway and the thickness of the bilateral parapharyngeal fat pads, pterygoid muscles, and parapharyngeal walls. Mean values were calculated for each phase. For each subject, differences were calculated by subtracting the values in narrowest phase from those in the widest phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Changes in airway dimension (P < .05) and lateral parapharyngeal wall thickness (P < .01) were significantly different between snorers and control subjects. Changes in parapharyngeal wall thickness and transverse oropharyngeal airway diameter changes were significantly related (P < .01) in those who snored but not in control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Airway narrowing predominantly occurs in the lateral dimension in people who snore. Changes in the lateral pharyngeal wall are more important than the parapharyngeal fat pads in airway calibration. Narrowing of the upper airway area at the end of the expirium and the beginning of the inspirium is thought to be the cause of snoring and due to augmented muscle mass and prolonged laxity rather than inadequate activation of the pharyngeal dilating muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine, 55139 Samsun, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akan
authors.forename: Tolga
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aksöz
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Belet
authors.forename: Teoman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sesen
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009960:Oropharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D012119:Respiration; D012913:Snoring / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed