title: Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In vivo studies were conducted to quantify the effectiveness of low-level direct electric current for different amounts of electrical charge and the survival rate in fibrosarcoma Sa-37 and Ehrlich tumors, also the effect of direct electric in Ehrlich tumor was evaluate through the measurements of tumor volume and the peritumoral and tumoral findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c male mice, 7-8 week old and 20-22 g weight were used. Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 cell lines, growing in BALB/c mice. Solid and subcutaneous Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors, located dorsolaterally in animals, were initiated by the inoculation of 5 x 10(6) and 1 x 10(5) viable tumor cells, respectively. For each type of tumor four groups (one control group and three treated groups) consisting of 10 mice randomly divided were formed. When the tumors reached approximately 0.5 cm3, four platinum electrodes were inserted into their bases. The electric charge delivered to the tumors was varied in the range of 5.5 to 110 C/cm3 for a constant time of 45 minutes. An additional experiment was performed in BALB/c male mice bearing Ehrlich tumor to examine from a histolological point of view the effects of direct electric current. A control group and a treated group with 77 C/cm3 (27.0 C in 0.35 cm3) and 10 mA for 45 min were formed. In this experiment when the tumor volumes reached 0.35 cm3, two anodes and two cathodes were inserted into the base perpendicular to the tumor long axis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant tumor growth delay and survival rate were achieved after electrotherapy and both were dependent on direct electric current intensity, being more marked in fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumor. Complete regressions for fibrosarcoma Sa-37 and Ehrlich tumors were observed for electrical charges of 80 and 92 C/cm3, respectively. Histopathological and peritumoral findings in Ehrlich tumor revealed in the treated group marked tumor necrosis, vascular congestion, peritumoral neutrophil infiltration, an acute inflammatory response, and a moderate peritumoral monocyte infiltration. The morphologic pattern of necrotic cell mass after direct electric current treatment is the coagulative necrosis. These findings were not observed in any of the untreated tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data presented indicate that electrotherapy with low-level DEC is feasible and effective in the treatment of the Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors. Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of these tumors to direct electric current and survival rates of the mice depended on both the amount of electrical charge and the type of tumor. Also the complete regression of each type of tumor is obtained for a threshold amount of electrical charge.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Bioelectricidad, Departamento de Bioingeniería y Equipos, Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90400, Cuba. camue@cnea.uo.edu.cu
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ciria
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Quevedo
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Cabrales
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bruzón
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Flores
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002286:Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004867:Equipment Design; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011897:Random Allocation; D015996:Survival Rate