title: Molecular pathology of low malignant bladder transitional cell carcinoma: a current perspective.
abstract: Bladder transitional cell carcinoma (BTCC) actually has two phenotypes: low malignant and aggressive. Most previous molecular and cytogenetic analyses of bladder cancer were focused on aggressive BTCC. Little is known about the events that lead to the development of low malignant BTCC. This review mainly introduces the concept of two types of bladder tumors and then focuses on the molecular pathology of low malignant BTCC in particular. It is hoped that further understanding of the molecular pathology of low malignant BTCC may provide novel therapies and many other clinical benefits in patients with this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urologic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, HeXi District, TianJin, China. peterrock2000@126.com
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D006801:Humans; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; C496365:FGFR3 protein, human; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051498:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3; D018631:ras Proteins