title: Reorganization of language-specific cortex in patients with lesions or mesial temporal epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine brain activation profiles for receptive language function, using magnetoencephalography (MEG), in patients with left hemisphere space-occupying lesions and patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and to evaluate whether cross- and intrahemispheric plasticity for language varied as a function of lesion type or location.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one patients with MTS and 23 lesional patients underwent preoperative language mapping while performing a word recognition task. The anatomic location of late activity sources was determined by co-registering MEG coordinates onto structural MRI scans. A language laterality index was calculated based on the number of activity sources in each hemisphere. The location of language-specific activity was examined in relation to its proximity or overlap with Wernicke's area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A higher incidence of atypical language lateralization was noted among patients with MTS than lesional patients (43 vs 13%). The majority of MTS patients with early seizure onset (before age 5) showed atypical language lateralization. In contrast, the precise location of receptive language-specific cortex within the dominant hemisphere was found to be atypical (outside of Wernicke's area) in 30% of lesional patients and only 14% of MTS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an increased probability of a partial or total displacement of key components of the brain mechanism responsible for receptive language function to the nondominant hemisphere in mesial temporal sclerosis patients. Early onset of seizures is strongly associated with atypical language lateralization. Lesions in the dominant hemisphere tend to result in an intrahemispheric reorganization of linguistic function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Vivian L. Smith Center for Neurologic Research, University of Texas Medical Center at Houston, 1333 Moursund St., H 114, Houston, TX 77030, USA. epataraia1@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pataraia
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Simos
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Billingsley-Marshall
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: McGregor
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Breier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarkari
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Papanicolaou
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D038481:Anterior Temporal Lobectomy; D001284:Atrophy; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007807:Language Tests; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity; D046709:Pattern Recognition, Physiological; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*