title: Interleukin-2 therapy restores CD8 cell non-cytotoxic anti-HIV responses in primary infection subjects receiving HAART.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy on immunologic and virologic responses in subjects with acute or recent HIV infection already receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of IL-2 therapy on immunologic and virologic responses was studied in 21 acutely infected individuals who had been receiving HAART for 48 weeks following acute or recent HIV infection. Nine subjects receiving no therapy served as controls. Viral loads, as well as CD4 and CD8 cell counts were monitored and the CD8 cell non-cytotoxic anti-HIV response (CNAR) was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-2 therapy led to significant increases in CD4 cell numbers (P = 0.005) that were maintained for 6 months after discontinuation of the IL-2 treatment. No effect of IL-2 was observed on viral loads or the CD8 cell numbers as compared to subjects receiving HAART alone. CNAR activity was restored among subjects receiving HAART and IL-2 whereas CNAR declined among those receiving HAART alone and in untreated infected subjects. The percentage of HAART subjects with CD8 cells showing at least 50% suppression of HIV replication increased significantly following IL-2 therapy (P = 0.02) and persisted for 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In primary HIV infection administering IL-2 concomitant with HAART following 1 year of treatment with HAART gives a significant increase in CD4 cells and a previously unrecognized beneficial effect on the CD8 cell non-cytotoxic anti-HIV response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1270, USA.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martinez-Mariño
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shiboski
authors.forename: Frederick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: James O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Jay A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2