title: Interferon beta-1b in secondary progressive MS: a combined analysis of the two trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A European (EU) and a North American (NA) placebo-controlled study with interferon beta-1b (IFNB-1b) in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) showed divergent results with regard to their primary outcome of sustained Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression, while effects were similar on relapse and MRI-related endpoints. Reasons for this discrepancy were explored in the combined dataset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline characteristics and variability in EDSS assessments were compared. Retrospective combined analyses for time to confirmed progression were performed to assess treatment effects overall and in subgroups defined by pre-study disease activity criteria and other key baseline variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The variance of EDSS measurements was 6.5% higher in the NA-SPMS study. The EU study included patients in an earlier phase of SPMS and with more active disease both pre-study (relapses, MRI) as well as on study (EDSS, relapses, and MRI variables as assessed in the placebo groups). The pooled analysis showed an overall risk reduction by about 20% in patients treated with 8 MIU (250 mcg) IFNB-1b for EDSS progression confirmed at 6 months (p = 0.008). Risk reduction by 30% to 40% was found for patients with at least one relapse or change in EDSS by >1 in the 2 years prior to study entry. No other consistent across-studies relation of clinical and MRI variables at baseline to potential treatment response was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although post hoc, this combined analysis of the two large studies with IFNB-1b in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis suggests that both pronounced disability progression and continuing relapse activity might help in identifying those patients in the secondary progressive phase of the disease who are more likely to benefit from treatment.
authors.affiliation: Outpatient Clinic Neurology-Neurosurgery, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland. lkappos@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kappos
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weinshenker
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pozzilli
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dahlke
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McFarland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods; D018579:Patient Selection; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta