title: Randomized clinical surgical trials: are they really necessary?
authors.affiliation: Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery and the Houston VAMC, Houston, Texas, USA. kitani@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Kamal M F
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Itani
authors.forename: Laurence B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: McCullough
mesh_terms: D026690:Ethics, Clinical; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative