title: Antibacterial resistance worldwide: causes, challenges and responses.
abstract: The optimism of the early period of antimicrobial discovery has been tempered by the emergence of bacterial strains with resistance to these therapeutics. Today, clinically important bacteria are characterized not only by single drug resistance but also by multiple antibiotic resistance--the legacy of past decades of antimicrobial use and misuse. Drug resistance presents an ever-increasing global public health threat that involves all major microbial pathogens and antimicrobial drugs.
authors.affiliation: Center for Adaptation Genetics and Drug Resistance, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Stuart B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Bonnie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011634:Public Health
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents