title: The impact of diagnostic error on testing genetic association in case-control studies.
abstract: In case-control studies, subjects in the case group may be recruited from suspected patients who are diagnosed positively with disease. While many statistical methods have been developed for measurement error or misclassification of exposure variables in epidemiological studies, no studies have been reported on the effect of errors in diagnosing disease on testing genetic association in case-control studies. We study the impact of using the original Cochran-Armitage trend test assuming no diagnostic error when, in fact, cases and controls may be clinically diagnosed by an imperfect gold standard or a reference test. The type I error, sample size and asymptotic power of trend tests are examined under a family of genetic models in the presence of diagnostic error. The empirical powers of the trend tests are also compared by simulation studies under various genetic models.
authors.affiliation: Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. zhengg@nhlbi.nih.gov
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity