title: The volume-quality relationship of mental health care: does practice make perfect?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An extensive literature has demonstrated a relationship between hospital volume and outcomes for surgical care and other medical procedures. The authors examined whether an analogous association exists between the volume of mental health delivery and the quality of mental health care.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used data for the 384 health maintenance organizations participating in the Health Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS), covering 73 million enrollees nationwide. Analyses examined the association between three measures of mental health volume (total annual ambulatory visits, inpatient discharges, and inpatient days) and the five HEDIS measures of mental health performance (two measures of follow-up after psychiatric hospitalization and three measures of outpatient antidepressant management), with adjustment for plan and enrollee characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plans in the lowest quartile of outpatient and inpatient mental health volume had an 8.45 (95% CI [confidence interval]=4.97-14.37) to 21.09 (95% CI=11.32-39.28) times increase in odds of poor 7- and 30-day follow-up after discharge from inpatient psychiatric hospitalization. Low-volume plans had a 3.49 (95% CI=2.15-5.67) to 5.42 (95% CI=3.21-9.15) times increase in odds of poor performance on the acute, continuation, and provider measures of antidepressant treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The large and consistent association between mental health volume and performance suggests parallels with the medical and surgical literature. As with that previous literature, further work is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying this association and the potential implications for using volume as a criterion in plan choice.
authors.affiliation: Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd., NE, Rm. 606, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. bdruss@emory.edu
authors.forename: Benjamin G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Druss
authors.forename: Carolyn Levinson
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Harold Alan
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pincus
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States