title: Use of mix of clay/solid waste from steel works for civil construction materials.
abstract: The present study focuses on the use of solid waste generated by the steel works in Brazil for manufacturing clay-based structural products. The waste sample was characterized regarding chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, particle size, morphology, specific surface and plastic properties. The waste was added in gradual proportions to a kaolinitic clay from zero up to 3 wt.%. Ceramic bodies were formed by vacuum extrusion and fired at 950 degrees C. The physical-mechanical properties (linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density and flexural strength) of the resulting clay/solid waste mixtures were determined. In addition, leaching tests were performed according Brazilian Standards as well as a preliminary analysis of gases evolved during the thermal process. It was found that the solid waste is formed by irregular particles, ranging in size from 1 to 500 microm. The test results indicate that solid wastes generated by steel works can be used as filler in construction materials, thereby increasing reuse in an environmentally safe manner.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Materials Laboratory, Northern Fluminense State University, Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, Brazil.
authors.forename: Geiza E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: José Nilson F
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Holanda
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources / Q000379:methods*; D003252:Construction Materials; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D007616:Kaolin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D008669:Metallurgy; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D013232:Steel
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D013232:Steel; D007616:Kaolin