title: Secreted Bacterial Effectors and Host-Produced Eiger/TNF Drive Death in aSalmonella-Infected Fruit Fly.
abstract: Death by infection is often as much due to the host's reaction as it is to the direct result of microbial action. Here we identify genes in both the host and microbe that are involved in the pathogenesis of infection and disease in Drosophila melanogaster challenged with Salmonella enterica serovartyphimurium (S. typhimurium). We demonstrate that wild-typeS. typhimurium causes a lethal systemic infection when injected into the hemocoel of D. melanogaster. Deletion of the gene encoding the secreted bacterial effect or Salmonella leucine-rich (PslrP)changes an acute and lethal infection to one that is persistent and less deadly. We propose a model in which Salmonella secreted effectors stimulate the fly and thus cause an immune response that is damaging both to the bacteria and, subsequently, to the host. In support of this model, we show that mutations in the fly gene eiger, a TNF homolog, delay the lethality of Salmonella infection. These results suggest that S. typhimurium-infected flies die from a condition that resembles TNF-induced metabolic collapse in vertebrates. This idea provides us with a new model to study shock-like biology in a genetically manipulable host. In addition, it allows us to study the difference in pathways followed by a microbe when producing an acute or persistent infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Stanford, California United States of America.
authors.forename: Stephanie M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Marc S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Dionne
authors.forename: Ranjiv S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Khush
authors.forename: Linh N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Vigdal
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000382:microbiology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006720:Homozygote; D007107:Immune System; D007239:Infections; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009154:Mutation; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000378:metabolism*; D013234:Stem Cells; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C464573:egr protein, Drosophila; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D012313:RNA