title: 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, a COX-2 oncogene antagonist, is a TGF-beta-induced suppressor of human gastrointestinal cancers.
abstract: Marked increased expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), a prostaglandin-synthesizing enzyme that is pharmacologically inhibited by nonsteroid anti-inflammatory-type drugs, is a major early oncogenic event in the genesis of human colon neoplasia. We report that, in addition to inducing expression of COX-2, colon cancers further target the prostaglandin biogenesis pathway by ubiquitously abrogating expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), a prostaglandin-degrading enzyme that physiologically antagonizes COX-2. We find that 15-PGDH transcript and protein are both highly expressed by normal colonic epithelia but are nearly undetectable in colon cancers. Using gene transfection to restore 15-PGDH expression in colon cancer cells strongly inhibits the ability of these cells to form tumors in immune-deficient mice and demonstrates 15-PGDH to have functional colon cancer tumor suppressor activity. In interrogating the mechanism for 15-PGDH expression loss in colon cancer, we determined that colonic 15-PGDH expression is directly controlled and strongly induced by activation of the TGF-beta tumor suppressor pathway. These findings thus delineate an enzymatic pathway that induces colon cancer suppression, a pathway that is activated by TGF-beta and mediated by 15-PGDH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Rerko
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Platzer
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Earl
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lutterbaugh
authors.forename: Shilong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: James K V
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Willson
authors.forename: Guangbin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hensold
authors.forename: Hsin-Hsiung
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Sanford D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Markowitz
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D006801:Humans; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D006911:Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenases; C035859:15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases