title: Kallikrein/kinin protects against myocardial apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion via Akt-glycogen synthase kinase-3 and Akt-Bad.14-3-3 signaling pathways.
abstract: Our previous study has shown that human tissue kallikrein protected against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury. In the present study, we investigated the protective role of local kallikrein gene delivery in ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and its signaling mechanisms in promoting cardiomyocyte survival. Adenovirus carrying the human tissue kallikrein gene was delivered locally into the heart using a catheter-based technique. Expression and localization of recombinant human kallikrein in rat myocardium after gene transfer were determined immunohistochemically. Kallikrein gene delivery markedly reduced reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis identified by both in situ nick end-labeling and DNA fragmentation. Delivery of the kallikrein gene increased phosphorylation of Src, Akt, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta, and Bad(Ser-136) but reduced caspase-3 activation in rat myocardium after reperfusion. The protective effect of kallikrein on apoptosis and its signaling mediators was blocked by icatibant and dominant-negative Akt, indicating a kinin B2 receptor-Akt-mediated event. Similarly, kinin or transduction of kallikrein in cultured cardiomyocytes promoted cell viability and attenuated apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. The effect of kallikrein on cardiomyocyte survival was blocked by dominant-negative Akt and a constitutively active mutant of GSK-3beta, but it was facilitated by constitutively active Akt, catalytically inactive GSK-3beta, lithium, and caspase-3 inhibitor. Moreover, kallikrein promoted Bad.14-3-3 complex formation and inhibited Akt-GSK-3beta-dependent activation of caspase-3, whereas caspase-3 administration caused reduction of the Bad.14-3-3 complex, indicating an interaction between Akt-GSK-caspase-3 and Akt-Bad.14-3-3 signaling pathways. In conclusion, kallikrein/kinin protects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via Akt-Bad.14-3-3 and Akt-GSK-3beta-caspase-3 signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425-2211, USA.
authors.forename: Hang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007511:Ischemia; D007610:Kallikreins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007705:Kinins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008094:Lithium / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; C494819:BAD protein, human; C494821:Bad protein, rat; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007705:Kinins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; C065679:icatibant; D004247:DNA; D008094:Lithium; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D007610:Kallikreins; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D010100:Oxygen; D001920:Bradykinin