title: The association between lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction: fact or fiction?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Both lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction are common conditions in aging men. In the past few years, increasing attention has been paid to the question of whether these conditions are associated in any way. The conventional belief of the majority of urologists so far has been that the coexistence of these two conditions is coincidental. This review was conducted to discuss the recent literature on this issue. In addition we will concisely address the effect of the different treatment modalities on sexual function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several trials were conducted recently to assess the association between lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction. These trials all made use of self-reported questionnaires on urinary symptoms and sexual function sent to representative samples of the community. The occurrence of urinary symptoms appeared to be a risk factor for the development of erectile dysfunction, ejaculation disorder and decreased libido. Importantly, this association was independent of age and various co-morbidities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to long-established opinion, an age-independent association between lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual dysfunction was found in several recent population-based trials. The nature of this association, however, remains unclear. Future study is required to gain a better understanding of the possible underlying mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. M.M.vanDijk@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skrekas
authors.forename: Jean J M C H
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: de la Rosette
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy