title: The long-term impact of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril on mortality and hospital admissions in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after a myocardial infarction: follow-up to 12 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the long-term benefits of treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and left ventricular dysfunction (LVD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the trandolapril cardiac evaluation (TRACE) study, 1749 patients with LVD (ejection fraction< or =35%) were randomized to trandolapril (n=876) or placebo (n=873) 3-7 days post-MI. Enrolment lasted from 1990 to 1994; on-treatment follow-up ranged from 2 to 4 years. At study closure, all patients were recommended continued ACE-inhibitor use. National registries were used to track deaths and hospitalizations until 2002. Mortality was analysed with Cox proportional hazard models and hospitalization with Poisson regression models (models adjusted for observation time). Over 10-12 years of follow-up, a total of 1283 deaths and 9220 hospitalizations were registered. Compared with the placebo group, the trandolapril group had a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality (relative risk 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99, P=0.03), all-cause hospitalizations (rate ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.96, P<0.001), and cardiovascular hospitalizations (rate ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.91-1.00, P=0.047), including congestive heart failure hospitalizations (rate ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.77-0.93, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with LVD, use of trandolapril shortly after an MI for 2-4 years has long-term benefits. The beneficial effect on mortality and hospitalization rates is maintained for at least 10-12 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, Building 40, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark. pb@heart.dk
authors.forename: Pernille
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Buch
authors.forename: Søren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Steen Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Abildstrom
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Køber
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; C052035:trandolapril