title: Translating research on incontinence into practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Translating research evidence into clinical practice (TRIP) is an important initiative for health services so that care delivered is cost-effective, is efficient, and improves patient outcomes. Most TRIP studies have reported on disseminating and implementing clinical practice guidelines, protocols, or care pathways and have been undertaken in acute rather than community settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the factors that influence incontinence TRIP and to present key international studies on incontinence TRIP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Existing literature on TRIP was analyzed to generate a plan for future research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Several methods to effect incontinence TRIP are described, including clinical practice guidelines and protocols, clinical pathways, partnerships between organizations, a model for incorporating UI research based on generic questions, and implementation strategies that incorporate change theory and consideration of barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future research is needed on incontinence TRIP in the following areas: barriers, the best theoretical approaches, the effectiveness of empowerment approaches, the value of mentors, effective strategies for nurses and unlicensed personnel, the impact of international collaboration, and regulations across settings.
authors.affiliation: Center for Geriatric Medicine, Keele University, Keele, England, United Kingdom. b.h.roe@keele.ac.uk
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Roe
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Anne G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Vinsnes
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D019091:Critical Pathways; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000451:nursing*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods; D016294:Models, Nursing; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009742:Nursing Theory; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012107:Research Design; D014481:United States; D016270:United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000451:nursing*