title: Trends in hearing impairment in United States adults: the national health interview survey, 1986-1995.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  United States trends in the prevalence of hearing impairment have not been reported. These trends could be rising due to changes in environmental noise exposure; alternatively, rates could be declining via a compression of morbidity hypothesis that has been postulated to be occurring in older adults residing in developed nations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The National Health Interview Survey is a continuous multistage area probability survey of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population living at addressed dwellings. Adults within randomly selected households were administered a chronic conditions list that included questions about hearing impairment. Complete data were available on 107,100 white and 17,904 African-American adults aged 18 years and older in survey years 1986-1995. Race-specific rates of hearing impairment were adjusted for age and sample survey design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Annual age-adjusted rates of some hearing impairment ranged from 11.0% to 12.7% in whites and 5.9% to 8.5% in African Americans. Rates of severe bilateral hearing impairment in these race groups were 0.7% to 1.1% and 0.1% to 0.5%, respectively. There was no evidence of change in rates of hearing impairment among participants stratified by race and 10-year age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reported rates of hearing impairment remained relatively stable in the U.S. noninstitutionalized population from 1986 to 1995. There was no evidence of change in rates in adults grouped into 10-year age groups. Population-based studies designed to include clinical and self-reported measures of hearing impairment are needed to further examine trends in hearing impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, P.O. Box 016069 (R-699), Miami, FL 33101, USA. dlee@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gómez-Marín
authors.forename: Byron L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: D Diane
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006306:Health Surveys; D034381:Hearing Loss / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology; D006312:Hearing Loss, Bilateral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People