title: Economic considerations in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The results of studies of the comparative efficacy, safety, feasibility, and costs of using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH) for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are reviewed. Cost-effectiveness research comparing LMWH with warfarin or UFH and comparing the activated factor X inhibitor fondaparinux with LMWH for VTE prophylaxis also is discussed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The greater ease of administration, fewer laboratory monitoring requirements, and feasibility of using LMWH safely on an outpatient basis instead of on an inpatient basis facilitate earlier hospital discharge and make LMWH more cost-effective than UFH for the treatment of DVT. The use of LMWH instead of warfarin to prevent VTE increases costs, but it is more effective for preventing DVT and death at a relatively small incremental cost per DVT event avoided and cost per death averted. The total expected costs are higher, but the expected cost per DVT event avoided is lower when enoxaparin is used instead of UFH for VTE prophylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fondaparinux is more cost-effective than enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis, with a cost saving that increases progressively over time.
authors.affiliation: Mercer University School of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. hawkins_dw@mercer.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hawkins
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077425:Fondaparinux; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D011134:Polysaccharides; D000077425:Fondaparinux