title: Phosphoinositide metabolism at fertilization of sea urchin eggs measured with a GFP-probe.
abstract: Fertilization elicits a dramatic, transient rise in Ca2+ within the egg which is an essential component of egg activation and consequent initiation of development. In the sea urchin egg, three distinct Ca2+ stores have been identified which could, either individually or in combination, initiate Ca2+ release at fertilization. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production by phospholipase C (PLC) has been suggested as the singular signal in initiating the Ca2+ transient. Other studies indicate that Ca2+ stores gated by cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) or nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) are also necessary. We have examined the temporal relationship between the Ca2+ rise and IP3 production at fertilization in vivo within individual eggs using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) coupled to a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that can detect changes in IP3. Translocation of the probe occurred after the Ca2+ rise was initiated. Earlier, and possibly smaller, IP3 changes could not be excluded due to limitations in probe sensitivity. High IP3 levels are maintained during the decline in cytoplasmic Ca2+, suggesting that later IP3 metabolism might not be related to regulation of Ca2+, but may function to modulate other PIP2 regulated events such as actin polymerization or reflect other novel phosphoinositide signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Thaler
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: Christina M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Preston
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagisawa
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Epel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D036563:Cyclic ADP-Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047331:Lytechinus / Q000502:physiology*; D015335:Molecular Probes; D009249:NADP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D010063:Ovum / Q000378:metabolism*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015335:Molecular Probes; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D036563:Cyclic ADP-Ribose; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D009249:NADP; C024376:NAADP; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D002118:Calcium