title: A single day of constant light (L/L) provides immunity to behavioral despair in female rats maintained on an L/D cycle.
abstract: The present experiment investigated the potentially ameliorative effect of exposure to light in the dark phase of an 12:12 h daily lighting schedule (12L/12D cycle) on behavioral despair, an animal model of depression based on two forced swim tests separated by 24 h. Experimental groups of female Wistar rats were maintained on the 12L/12D cycle except for a single exposure to 12 h of light treatment in the dark phase of the 12L/12D cycle. Control animals were treated similarly except for light treatment. Animals then underwent one of two sets of behavioral tests starting on either the day light (or control) treatment ended (No Delay groups) or 24 h thereafter (Delay groups). The treatment for subgroups of light-treated and control animals tested with or without delay consisted of either two forced swim tests separated by 24 h or testing in the open field and elevated plus maze. Results indicated that a single exposure to a 12-h light treatment has protective effect on behavioral despair in groups tested with or without delay as measured by shorter duration of immobility in the second swim test compared to the controls. Light-treated and control animals behaved similarly in the open field and elevated plus-maze tests.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Society of Science, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ajda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Ayla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aksoy
authors.forename: Resit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canbeyli
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D003863:Depression / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D007103:Immobilization / Q000009:adverse effects; D008029:Lighting / Q000379:methods*; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000528:radiation effects; D010789:Phototherapy; D051381:Rats; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000528:radiation effects; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology