title: A pilot study of subjective daytime alertness and mood in primary insomnia participants using ecological momentary assessment.
abstract: This pilot study compared daytime symptom ratings in primary insomniacs (n = 7) and age-matched controls (n = 8). Participants completed sleep diaries and rated their daytime symptoms using a Daytime Symptom Diary (DSD) 4 times per day for 1 week. DSD responses were collapsed into 4 domains: mood, subjective alertness, energy, and concentration. The level and variability of DSD domains, and correlations between the domains and sleep diary characteristics, were examined. Significant Group x Time of Day interactions were observed in values for each DSD domain, with the most consistent group differences occurring in the morning. Coefficients of variation for DSD domains were greater in the insomnia group. Frequent measures of daytime symptoms may be useful outcomes in insomnia studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Douglas E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Moul
authors.forename: Martica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Germain
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Buysse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001143:Arousal; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003710:Demography; D004463:Ecology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017286:Polysomnography; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires