title: Combination of pulsed-wave Doppler and real-time three-dimensional color Doppler echocardiography for quantifying the stroke volume in the left ventricular outflow tract.
abstract: Real-time three-dimensional (3-D) color Doppler echocardiography (RT3D) is capable of quantifying flow. However, low temporal resolution limits its application to stroke volume (SV) measurements. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to develop a reliable method to quantify SV. In animal experiments, cross-sectional images of the LV outflow tract were selected from the RT3D data to calculate peak flow rates (Q(p3D)). Conventional pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler was performed to measure the velocity-time integral (VTI) and the peak velocity (V(p)). By assuming that the flow is proportional to the velocity temporal waveform, SV was calculated as alpha x Q(p3D) x VTI/V(p), where alpha is a temporal correction factor. There was an excellent correlation between the reference flow meter and RT3D SV (mean difference = -1. 3 mL, y = 1. 05 x -2. 5, r = 0. 94, p < 0. 01). The new method allowed accurate SV estimations without any geometric assumptions of the spatial velocity distributions.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Imaging Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujino
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Jian Xin
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sitges
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cardon
authors.forename: Annitta L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Morehead
authors.forename: Arthur D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Zetts
authors.forename: Fabrice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Yong Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Xi Yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Hang
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color / Q000379:methods; D018619:Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed / Q000379:methods; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012756:Sheep; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*