title: Preliminary communication: urodynamic assessment of donepezil hydrochloride in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Donepezil hydrochloride, a central cholinergic drug, is widely used for improving cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated whether donepezil might affect the lower urinary tract (LUT) function in AD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) (0-70, increase as impairment), urinary questionnaire, and electromyography (EMG)-cystometry were performed in eight patients with AD before and after treatment with 5 mg/day of donepezil.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first assessment (before donepezil) showed moderate cognitive decline in the patients as a mean ADAS-cog score of 27.0 (range: 17-35) (normal < 15). Seven patients had urinary symptoms including urinary urgency incontinence in five. EMG-cystometry revealed neurogenic detrusor overactivity in seven with a mean detrusor pressure of 44.9 cm H(2)O (20-101), mean bladder capacity of 202 ml (20-412), and post-void residuals in none. The second assessment (3 months after donepezil) showed a decrease in the ADAS-cog score to 23.3 (11-35) though without statistical significance. Urinary incontinence disappeared in one and none had a new onset of incontinence. EMG-cystometry revealed an increase in the detrusor pressure on overactivity to 54.1 cm H(2)O (20-122), but also an increase in the bladder capacity to 234 ml (80-400), and post-void residuals in one (40 ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the number of our patients was small, it seems possibly that donepezil could ameliorate cognitive function without serious adverse effects on the LUT function in patients with AD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan. sakakibara@faculty.chiba-u.jp
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Mitsuharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: Takamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hattori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077265:Donepezil; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009122:Muscle Hypertonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D018697:Nootropic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007189:Indans; D018697:Nootropic Agents; D010880:Piperidines; D000077265:Donepezil