title: Thirteen years of follow-up in patients with adjustable silicone gastric banding for obesity: weight loss and constant rate of late specific complications.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite its simplicity, safety and good short-term results, progressive weight regain and a high incidence of complications have been reported after the adjustable silicone gastric banding (ASGB). The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term results of this operation in our patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1990 and 1996, 45 morbidly obese patients underwent insertion of an ASGB. The trend of the patients' BMI over time was studied using a linear mixed effect model adjusted for the preoperative BMI. So as to estimate the cumulative probability of band removal and the cumulative hazard function, Lambda(t) Kaplan-Meier analysis was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  1 year after the operation, the average BMI was 79% of its preoperative value, which then increased linearly over time. The slope of the regression line was estimated at beta =0.42, indicating an average increase of 0.42 BMI units per year. 27 bands (60%) were removed because of specific late complications. The cumulative risk of band removal increased linearly with time. The hazard rate was estimated to be lambda =0.008 events/patient/month, corresponding to 0.1 events/patient/year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ASGB yielded good short-term results, but the progressive weight regain and constant risk of complications in the long term tend to nullify the optimism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Camerini
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: Giuseppe Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Marinari
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gianetta
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pretolesi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Papadia
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marini
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Murelli
authors.forename: Flavia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carlini
authors.forename: Cesare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stabilini
authors.forename: Maria Pia
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sormani
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scopinaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015905:Gastric Balloon; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011336:Probability; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012828:Silicones; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones