title: Embryo reduction versus expectant management in triplet pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In triplet pregnancies, to compare pregnancy outcome of expectant management with that after embryo reduction to twins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study of 255 trichorionic triplet pregnancies, of which 185 had embryo reduction to twins (reduced group) and 70 were managed expectantly (non-reduced group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median birth weight was higher by about 500 g and gestation prolonged by about 3 weeks in the reduced pregnancies compared with the expectantly managed pregnancies (2300 vs. 1760 g; 36 vs. 33 weeks). The rates of preterm delivery were significantly lower in the reduced group (11.17 vs. 36.76% for delivery at < or = 32 weeks and 40.58 vs. 83.82% for delivery at < or = 35 weeks, reduced vs. non-reduced group). The percentage of infants born with low birth weight was significantly higher in the expectantly managed triplets (10.98 vs. 28.44% for birth weight < or = 1500 g and 68.55 vs. 92.89% for birth weight < or = 2500 g, reduced vs. non-reduced group). Total fetal loss was significantly higher in the reduced group than in the non-reduced group (15.41 and 4.76%, respectively) and the difference was mainly due to the higher miscarriage rate in the reduced group (8.11 vs. 2.86% in the non-reduced group). With the expected rates of handicap in preterm infants, we would anticipate 0.63% of severely handicapped children due to extreme prematurity in the reduced group and 1.64% in the non-reduced group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In triplet pregnancies, embryo reduction to twins significantly reduces the risk of severe preterm delivery and very low birth weight by about one-third, at the expense of a significant increase in total fetal loss, by about one-quarter. The procedure is likely to reduce the risk of having a severely handicapped child due to extreme prematurity.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alexandra Maternity Hospital, University of Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antsaklis
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Souka
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Daskalakis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papantoniou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koutra
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kavalakis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mesogitis
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D008875:Middle Aged; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018607:Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal / Q000009:adverse effects; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014310:Triplets; D014427:Twins