title: The natural history of the incidentally discovered small simple pancreatic cyst: long-term follow-up and clinical implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of our study was to determine the natural history of small (</= 2 cm) simple pancreatic cystic lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed of patients with long-term follow-up who were diagnosed with small (</= 2 cm) simple pancreatic cysts on sonography or CT from 1985 to 1996. Long-term surveillance included radiographic surveillance of 5 years or longer, clinical follow-up of 8 years or longer, or response to questionnaire or telephone inquiry 8 year or longer after the original diagnosis. Cause of death was recorded for patients who died within 5-8 years of diagnosis. Patients were excluded if a history of pancreatitis or systemic cystic disease existed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-nine patients had small simple pancreatic cysts. Forty-nine (62%) had adequate radiologic, clinical, or questionnaire follow-up. Of the 22 patients with radiologic follow-up, 13 (59%) had cysts that remained unchanged or became smaller (mean size, 8 mm; mean follow-up, 9 years), and nine (41%) had cysts that enlarged, from a mean of 14 mm to a mean of 26 mm (mean follow-up, 8 years). Of the 27 patients with clinical or questionnaire follow-up (mean follow-up, 10 years), none developed symptomatic pancreatic disease. Eighteen patients (23%) died within 8 years without adequate radiologic follow-up, none of pancreas-related causes. Twelve patients (15%) were lost to follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although small, incidental, simple pancreatic cysts of 2 cm or smaller may enlarge over a prolonged time, morbidity or mortality due to these small simple cysts is extremely unlikely, and observation appears to be a safe management option.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinic, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Handrich
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hough
authors.forename: Joel G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sarr
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010181:Pancreatic Cyst / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies