title: Pycnogenol inhibits macrophage oxidative burst, lipoprotein oxidation, and hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage.
abstract: Pycnogenol (procyanidins extracted from Pinus maritima) has been reputed as a potent free-radical scavenger and an antioxidant phytochemical. We previously reported that pycnogenol prevents vascular endothelial cells from injury induced by an organic oxidant t-butyl hydroperoxide. In this study, we determined the effects of pycnogenol on (a) oxidative burst of macrophages, (b) oxidation of plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL), and (c) hydroxyl radical-induced breakage of plasmid DNA. Pycnogenol was incubated with J774 murine macrophages at 37 degrees C and 5% CO2 and oxidative burst was triggered by zymosan. The intensity of fluorescence was measured. Pycnogenol exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of oxidative burst. CuSO4 was used to oxidize human plasma LDL and the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was determined. Co-incubation with pycnogenol resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of LDL oxidation. Exposure of pBR322 plasmid DNA to iron/ascorbic acid system resulted in cleavage/damage of DNA by hydroxyl radical, measured by agarose gel electrophoresis. Pycnogenol significantly minimized this cleavage. The results indicate that pycnogenol exhibits an extensive antioxidant effect in all three in vitro systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA.
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rong
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001769:Blood / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004249:DNA Damage; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010936:Plant Extracts; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D005419:Flavonoids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010936:Plant Extracts; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; C024070:pycnogenols