Don't forget Langmuir-Blodgett films.
Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films have been investigated, extensively, over the past 70 years. Despite considerable efforts aimed at exploiting their nonlinear optical, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, semiconducting, sensing and barrier properties, problems associated with film quality and stability have hampered their practical development. This feature article highlights one recent advance in the LB area (i.e., the ionic cross-linking of LB films or "gluing"), which has resulted in single bilayer membranes possessing extraordinary quality and stability. The gluing of LB films provides new opportunities for an old technology that has been waning in recent years.
McCullough
Donald H
DH
Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA.
Regen
Steven L
SL