title: Intrathecal baclofen withdrawal syndrome caused by low residual volume in the pump reservoir: a report of 2 cases.
abstract: Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) is an effective treatment for spasticity caused by spinal or cerebral pathologies. Severe withdrawal symptoms can result, however, if ITB is abruptly withdrawn as a result of equipment malfunctions or human error. We describe 2 cases of severe ITB withdrawal syndrome. In the first case, the symptoms appeared 5 months after pump placement, when residual volume was 2.0 mL; in the second case, symptoms appeared 2 months after the replacement of a new pump, when residual volume was 0.9 mL. In both cases, there was no evidence of system malfunction or human error. The syndrome occurred from up to 72 hours before the scheduled refilling procedure, and the residual volume in the Medtronic SynchroMed EL pump reservoir was either at, or significantly lower than, the recommended 2 mL. These cases suggest that the SynchroMed EL pump reservoir should be refilled, to avoid potentially serious consequences, when the residual volume is not lower than 3 mL by programming the alarm to sound at a volume larger than the recommended 2 mL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unità Gravi Cerebrolesioni, Unità Spinale, Ospedale Sacro Cuore, Negrar, Verona, Italy. gianfranco.rigoli@sacrocuore.it
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rigoli
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Terrini
authors.forename: Zeno
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cordioli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008297:Male; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen