title: [The management of Dysphagia. Part 1: diagnostics].
abstract: Patients with chronic dysphagia are often in need of artificial nutrition; though being well balanced in terms of energy and vitamins, patients are at a high risk for the loss of resistance and body weight. Dysphagia also causes a severe drawback of the overall quality of life. This paper gives an overview of the present management of dysphagia from the point of view of otolaryngologists, head-neck-surgeons, phoniatricians, and medical speech-language-voice-pathologists. The physiology of swallowing and typical symptoms of dysphagia are first explained. Then the current most important diagnostic procedures as orofacial and laryngeal function analysis, video-endoscopy, and quantitative assessments, are discussed (part 1). This also includes considerations on bolus viscosity variation, postures, swallowing maneuvers, and sensory enhancement procedures, while actual options like botulinum toxin, passy-muir speaking valve, electromyographic biofeedback, and electrostimulation are also mentioned (part 2).
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie (in der HNO-Klinik), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck. rainer.schoenweiler@phoniatrie.uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schönweiler
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003679:Deglutition / Q000502:physiology; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004724:Endoscopy; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D006801:Humans; D010348:Patient Care Team; D013064:Speech Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D014139:Tracheostomy