title: A dual expandable nitinol stent: experience in 102 patients with malignant gastroduodenal strictures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the technical feasibility and clinical effectiveness of a dual expandable nitinol stent in the palliative treatment of malignant gastroduodenal strictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dual stent consisted of two stents, an outer partially covered stent and an inner bare nitinol stent. The outer diameter of the stent delivery system was 3.8 mm. With fluoroscopic guidance, the outer stent was placed into the stricture, followed by coaxial placement of the inner stent. The stent placement was attempted in 102 consecutive patients with malignant gastroduodenal strictures. The underlying causes of malignant strictures were gastric cancer (n = 55), pancreatic cancer (n = 24), gallbladder cancer (n = 7), cholangiocarcinoma (n = 5), duodenal cancer (n = 5), and metastatic cancer (n = 6). All patients presented with symptoms of gastric outlet obstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stent placement was technically successful and well tolerated in 101 of 102 patients (99%). After stent placement, 85 of the 101 patients (84%) with technical success experienced improvement of their symptoms. Tumor overgrowth occurred in five patients, stent migration in two, mucosal hyperplasia in one, bleeding in one, and jaundice in two. Seventy one of the 101 patients died 5 to 340 days (mean, 71 days) after stent placement from progression of their disease, myocardial infarction, bleeding, or sepsis. The remaining 30 patients are still alive 6 to 227 days (mean, 39 days) after stent placement. The 30-day, 60-day, 90-day, and 180-day survival rates were 78%, 58%, 39%, and 8%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dual stent with a 3.8-mm stent delivery system is easy to insert, safe, and reasonably effective for the palliative treatment of malignant gastroduodenal strictures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea. hysong@amc.seoul.kr
authors.forename: Ho-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ji Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Chang Jin
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Gin Hyug
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae-Won
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung-Koo
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung-Hwan
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yook
authors.forename: Byung-Sik
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000497:Alloys; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D004380:Duodenal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; C013616:nitinol