Dynamics of serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels during the luteal phase of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
BACKGROUND
To investigate the dynamics of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels during the luteal phase of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and its possible association with follicle development.


METHODS
We prospectively studied 34 women undergoing COH with GnRH agonist and FSH. On the day of hCG (dhCG), serum AMH, estradiol (E2), progesterone and hCG levels were measured, and ovarian follicles were sorted into three size classes: <12, 12-15 and 16-22 mm. Hormonal measurements were repeated 4 days (hCG + 4) and 7 days (hCG + 7) after hCG.


RESULTS
From dhCG to hCG + 4, we observed a decline in serum AMH levels (-64 +/- 3%; P < 0.0001), which paralleled that of E2 levels. From hCG + 4 to hCG + 7, an increase in AMH levels occurred (82 +/- 28%; P < 0.02), whose magnitude was correlated with the number of < 12 mm follicles (r = 0.68; P < 0.0001) but not with other follicle size classes nor with the remaining hormone levels.


CONCLUSIONS
After hCG, AMH levels initially decline, presumably as an effect of follicle luteinization, then increase during the mid-luteal phase. Although the mechanisms implicated in the mid-luteal AMH increase are unclear, its positive association with small follicle count, but not with luteal progesterone and E2 levels, supports the hypothesis that AMH levels might reflect luteal follicle development.
Fanchin
Renato
R
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France. renato.fanchin@abc.ap-hop-paris.fr
Méndez Lozano
Daniel H
DH
Louafi
Nabil
N
Achour-Frydman
Nelly
N
Frydman
René
R
Taieb
Joëlle
J
D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000097:blood*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013735:Testicular Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D014463:Ultrasonography
D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D013735:Testicular Hormones; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone