title: Spontaneous embryonic loss after in vitro fertilization with and without intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether pregnancies after IVF, with and without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), have different early spontaneous loss rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of IVF/ICSI dataset.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Center of Reproductive Medicine, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women undergoing IVF with or without ICSI.
  
  
  METHODS
  First-trimester sonography at 6-7 weeks to count the number of embryos with positive heartbeat. The number of embryos lost was calculated from a second-trimester sonogram.
  
  
  METHODS
  Embryonic loss rates related to the initial number of embryos, maternal age <35 or > or =35 years, and IVF procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro fertilization and ICSI had similar embryonic loss rates (odds ratio [OR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-1.7, and OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-1.8 for women aged <35 years and > or =35 years, respectively). Younger women had fewer losses after IVF (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-0.9). Multiples had lower loss rates compared with singleton pregnancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vitro fertilization and ICSI have similar spontaneous embryonic loss rates. Factors other than the initial number of embryos, maternal age, and IVF technique, such as embryo quality or uterine environment, might be involved in the outcome of multiple pregnancies in assisted reproductive technology procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giovanni B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: La Sala
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nucera
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gallinelli
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nicoli
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Villani
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Blickstein
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008423:Maternal Age; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal