title: [Stagnation in mortality decline among elderly in The Netherlands].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the stagnation in old age (80+) mortality decline observed in the Netherlands in the 1980s, continued in the 1990s and which factors contributed to this stagnation. Emphasis is on the role of smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Poisson regression with linear splines was applied to total and cause-specific (3-digit) mortality data by age, year of death (1950-1999) and sex. Age-period-cohort analysis was conducted to determine whether the trends followed period and/or cohort patterns. ICD Revisions were bridged using a concordance table.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A sudden reversal in old age mortality occurred around 1980, leading to a stagnation in the decline and even an increase during the 1980s and 1990s. Smoking related cancers, COPD and diseases specifically related to old age contributed to this stagnation. Trends in smoking-related cancers and COPD showed a cohort pattern--especially for males. When excluding these smoking related diseases, the trends in old-age mortality in the Netherlands showed an increasing stagnation for both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Generation-wise changes in smoking can only partly explain the stagnation in mortality. Other factors like increased frailty and changes in medical and social services for the elderly probably have played a more decisive role in explaining the recent stagnation.
authors.affiliation: Afdeling Maatschappelijke Gezondheidszorg, Faculteit Geneeskunde en Gezondheidswetenschappen, Erasmus MC, Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam, Postbus 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam. f.janssen@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Fanny
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Wilma J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Nusselder
authors.forename: Caspar W N
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Looman
authors.forename: Johan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mackenbach
authors.forename: Anton E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Kunst
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000375:Aging; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D009426:Netherlands; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000401:mortality; D012044:Regression Analysis; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000639:trends