title: Estimating the optimal external-beam radiotherapy utilization rate for genitourinary malignancies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Benchmark radiotherapy utilization rates for genitourinary malignancies are largely unknown, despite the finding that genitourinary cancers comprise approximately 19% of all registered malignancies in Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  To develop an evidence-based benchmark of the optimal proportion of patients with genitourinary malignancies who should receive at least one course of radiotherapy at some time during their illness, the authors studied treatment guidelines and treatment reviews regarding genitourinary malignancies. Optimal radiotherapy utilization trees were constructed to show the clinical attributes that indicated possible benefit from radiotherapy based on evidence. Epidemiologic incidence data for each of these clinical attributes were obtained to calculate the optimal proportion of all patients with genitourinary cancer for whom radiotherapy was considered appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of patients with genitourinary malignancies for whom radiotherapy was indicated at some point in their illness, according to the best available evidence, was estimated to be 27% of patients with renal cancer, 58% of patients with bladder cancer, 60% of patients with prostate cancer, and 49% of patients with testicular cancer. The occurrence of ureteric and penile cancers among patients was too rare, and, therefore, these patients were not included in the current study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a large discrepancy between actual radiotherapy utilization and the evidence-based optimal rate. The authors recommended strategies to implement the evidence-based guidelines. Evidence-based benchmarks for radiotherapy utilization rates such as the ones described in the current study were important in the evaluation of the appropriate use of radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Geoff.Delaney@swsahs.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Susannah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D019985:Benchmarking; D003663:Decision Trees; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D014565:Urogenital Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*