title: Adaptive bolus-based targeted glucose regulation of hyperglycaemia in critical care.
abstract: Tight regulation of blood glucose can significantly reduce mortality in critical illness. Critically ill patients are extremely diverse in the dynamics of their hyperglycaemia. Hence, responses can vary significantly, due to variations in insulin levels, effective insulin utilization, glucose absorption and other factors. Consequently, fixed protocols and sliding scales can result in error, given this large variation in patient dynamics. A two-compartment glucose-insulin system model that accounts for time-varying insulin sensitivity and endogenous glucose removal, along with two different saturation kinetics, is developed and tested in preliminary proof-of-concept clinical trials for adaptive control of blood glucose levels. The adaptive control algorithm developed in this research monitors the physiological status of a critically ill patient, allowing real-time, tight glycaemic regulation. The bolus-based insulin administration provides a safe approach to glucose level management. The ability to track changing physiological status and account for insulin transport and effect saturation enabled targeted stepwise reduction in glycaemic levels in three test cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Bio-Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand. geoff.chase@canterbury.ac.nz
authors.forename: J Geoffrey
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: Geoffrey M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Carmen V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Doran
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hann
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lotz
authors.forename: Graeme C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Wake
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Broughton
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003199:Computer Systems; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D004360:Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin