title: Infant mortality and air pollution: modifying effect by social class.
abstract: Studies link air pollution with increased mortality; however, information on infants is scarce and inconclusive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied short-term PM10 exposure, relating to increased respiratory-related infant mortality, and estimated for poor living conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-crossover approach modeled the relationship between infant mortality (1 month-1 year of age), and ambient PM10 levels on days before death in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico (1997-2001). Socioeconomic level (SES) of the deceased was defined by residence location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall air pollutants did not affect infant mortality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.94-1.11 for PM10, lag1) but low SES increased risk. Each 20 microg/m3 in PM10 (24-hour average, lag1, cumulative over 2 previous days) increased respiratory-related mortality (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 0.97-2.66; OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.06-6.17, respectively). Ozone levels did not affect infant mortality for any SES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Worse living conditions among lower SES concurred with increased mortality.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Av Universidad 655, Col. Santa. Ma., Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca Morelos 65708, Mexico. iromieu@correo.insp.mx
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Romieu
authors.forename: Matiana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramírez-Aguilar
authors.forename: Hortensia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moreno-Macias
authors.forename: Albino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barraza-Villarreal
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hernández-Cadena
authors.forename: Luz Aurora
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Carbajal-Arroyo
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Avila
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000401:mortality; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants