title: Supplementation and delivery of n-3 fatty acids through spray-dried milk reduce serum and liver lipids in rats.
abstract: Indian diets comprising staples such as cereals, millets, and pulses provide 4.8 energy % from linoleic acid (18:2n-6) but fail to deliver adequate amounts of n-3 FA. Consumption of long-chain n-3 PUFA such as EPA (20:5n-3) and DHA (22:6n-3) is restricted to those who consume fish. The majority of the Indian population, however, are vegetarians needing additional dietary sources of n-3 PUFA. The present work was designed to use n-3 FA-enriched spray-dried milk powder to provide n-3 FA. Whole milk was supplemented with linseed oil to provide alpha-linolenic acid (LNA, 18:3n-3), with fish oil to provide EPA and DHA, or with groundnut oil (GNO), which is devoid of n-3 PUFA, and then spray-dried. Male Wistar rats were fed the spray-dried milk formulations for 60 d. The rats given formulations containing n-3 FA showed significant increases (P < 0.001) in the levels of LNA or EPA/DHA in the serum and in tissue lipids as compared with those fed the GNO control formulation. Rats fed formulations containing n-3 FA had 30-35% lower levels of serum total cholesterol and 25-30% lower levels of serum TAG than control animals. Total cholesterol and TAG in the livers of rats fed the formulations containing n-3 FA were lower by 18-30% and 11-18%, respectively, compared with control animals. This study showed that spray-dried milk formulations supplemented with n-3 FA are an effective means of improving dietary n-3 FA intake, which may decrease the risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lipid Science and Traditional Foods, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore-570 020, India.
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Ramaprasad
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baskaran
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sambaiah
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lokesh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009821:Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids; D009821:Oils