title: Amount, type, and timing of recreational physical activity in relation to colon and rectal cancer in older adults: the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort.
abstract: Physical activity has consistently been associated with lower risk of colon cancer, but information is limited on the amount, type, and timing of activities. The relationship between physical activity and rectal cancer is unclear. We examined characteristics of recreational physical activity in relation to colon and rectal cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort of 70,403 men and 80,771 women (median age, 63 years); 940 colon and 390 rectal cancers were identified from enrollment in 1992 to 1993 through August 1999. The multivariate-adjusted rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) associated with any recreational physical activity compared with none were 0.87 (0.71-1.06) for colon cancer and 0.70 (0.53-0.93) for rectal cancer. Colon cancer risk decreased significantly with increasing total hours (P for trend without reference group = 0.007) and metabolic equivalent hours (P for trend = 0.006) per week of activities. No clear decrease in rectal cancer risk was seen with increasing hours per week of physical activity. Rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.72 (0.52-0.98) for <2 hours, 0.68 (0.47-0.97) for 2 to 3 hours, 0.59 (0.41-0.83) for 4 to 6 hours, and 0.83 (0.59-1.16) for >/=7 hours per week of physical activity compared with none. Past exercise, as reported in 1982, was not associated with risk of either colon or rectal cancer. We conclude that increasing amounts of time spent at recreational physical activity are associated with substantially lower risk of colon cancer and that recreational physical activity is associated with lower risk of rectal cancer in older men and women.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, 1599 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329-4251, USA. annchao@zamnet.zm
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Cari J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Connell
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Marjorie L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: McCullough
authors.forename: Alpa V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Eugenia E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Calle
authors.forename: Vilma E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Cokkinides
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Thun
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D011998:Recreation; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors