title: The AKT/I kappa B kinase pathway promotes angiogenic/metastatic gene expression in colorectal cancer by activating nuclear factor-kappa B and beta-catenin.
abstract: Our laboratory has delineated that the phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase (PI3K)/AKT/I kappa B kinase (IKK) pathway positively regulates NF kappa B and beta-catenin, both important transcriptional regulators in colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we investigated the effect of inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/IKK alpha pathway in regulating the inappropriate constitutive activation of NF kappa B and beta-catenin in CRC cell lines. SW480 and RKO CRC cell lines demonstrate constitutive activation of AKT as well as both NF kappa B- and beta-catenin-dependent transcription. The constitutive activation of NF kappa B- and beta-catenin-dependent transcription is inhibited by transiently transfecting either kinase dead (KD) IKK alpha, which blocks IKK alpha kinase activity, KD AKT, which blocks AKT activity, or wildtype (WT) PTEN, which inhibits PI3K and AKT activity. The ability of KD IKK alpha, KD AKT or WT PTEN to decrease beta-catenin-dependent transcription is independent of their effects on NF kappa B. Inducible expression of either KD IKK alpha or WT PTEN strongly inhibits both the constitutive NF kappa B- and beta-catenin-dependent promoter and endogenous gene activation. Targeted array-based gene expression analysis of this inducible system reveals that many of the genes downregulated upon inhibition of this pathway are involved in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The activation of this pathway and the expression of the three most repressed genes was further analysed in samples of CRC. These results indicate a role of this pathway in controlling gene expression important in tumor progression and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Kingshuk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Swati
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sathe
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cicek
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Nywana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sizemore
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D015536:Down-Regulation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051176:beta Catenin; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human