title: Magnetic resonance imaging visualization of targeted cells by the internalization of supramolecular adducts formed between avidin and biotinylated Gd3+ chelates.
abstract: The high binding affinity between avidin and biotin has been exploited to develop a procedure for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) visualization of target cells. SHIN3 and PANC1 tumor cell lines have been used as target cells because they possess on their membranes galactosyl receptors able to bind avidin molecules. Avidin-Gd chelate adducts have been built by using two Gd complexes containing one (Gd-I) and two (Gd-II) biotin residues, respectively. The relaxivities of such supramolecular adducts are significantly higher than those shown by free Gd-I and Gd-II. There is evidence of the occurrence of multilayered adducts in which the bis-biotinylated Gd(3+) complex acts as a bridge between adjacent avidin molecules. MRI differentiation of labeled versus unlabeled cells has been attained when approximately 6 x 10(8) Gd units were internalized in each cell. Furthermore, there is a marked decrease in the measured intracellular T(1) relaxivity as the number of internalized Gd complexes increases, probably owing to too short relaxation times of endosomic water protons with respect to their diffusion lifetime.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chimica I.F.M., Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, Turin 10125, Italy.
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geninatti Crich
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barge
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Battistini
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabella
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coluccia
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Longo
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mainero
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tarone
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aime
mesh_terms: D001360:Avidin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001710:Biotin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019921:Biotinylation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005682:Gadolinium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015394:Molecular Structure; D017186:Titrimetry
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D008024:Ligands; D001360:Avidin; D001710:Biotin; D005682:Gadolinium