title: Paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine in metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a Phase II trial using a triplet combination.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are treated primarily with radiotherapy. In the disseminated state, platinum-based, 2-drug combination regimens yielded response rates of 55-75%, achieving a median survival of 10-12 months. With the proven efficacy of second-generation cytotoxics like paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with metastatic NPC, the authors hypothesized that a triplet combination incorporating these newer cytotoxics may improve treatment results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with metastatic NPC were treated with combination chemotherapy that included paclitaxel 70 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8, carboplatin dosed to area under curve of 5 on Day 1, and gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) on Days 1 and 8 every 21 days for a maximum of 8 cycles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients achieved a complete response, and 23 patients achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 78%. The main toxicities were hematologic, with 41% of patients experiencing Grade 3 or 4 anemia, 41% of patients experiencing Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia, and 78% of patients experiencing Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. The median time to disease progression was 8.1 months, and the median overall survival was 18.6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of paclitaxel, carboplatin, and gemcitabine showed promising efficacy against metastatic NPC but at the expense of considerable toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore. dmolss@nccs.com.sg
authors.forename: Swan-Swan
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wee
authors.forename: Miah Hiang
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: Chee Keong
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Toh
authors.forename: Say Beng
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Choon Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Thng
authors.forename: Kian Fong
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Foo
authors.forename: Wan Teck
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Eng Huat
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D000093542:Gemcitabine