title: Clinicopathological study of bronchogenic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was undertaken to explore the clinicopathological profile of bronchogenic carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred consecutive patients with histopathologically proven bronchogenic carcinoma, hospitalized between 1985 and 1999 at a large teaching and tertiary care referral hospital at King George's Medical University in Lucknow, India, were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of the bronchogenic carcinoma patients was 57 years; 9.8% of patients were less than 40 years of age; the ratio of male to female patients was 4.3:1.0; 71% were smokers; and 87% of the smoking patients were bidi smokers. The most common histological type was squamous-cell carcinoma (46.5%), followed by adenocarcinoma (18.5%) and small-cell carcinoma (18.2%). The majority of patients (74.2%) were diagnosed in the late stages of the disease (IIIb and IV).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bidi smoking is an important contributory factor in the development of bronchogenic carcinoma in India, and approximately 25% of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma are non-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India. drprasad1@sancharnet.in
authors.forename: Rajendra
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Prince
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Vikas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kesarwani
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Mohan C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pant
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Anand N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shrivastava
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002283:Carcinoma, Bronchogenic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000453:epidemiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003948:Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology