title: Off-label use of proton pump inhibitors and P-blockers in general practices: an analysis using the Disease Analyzer--mediplus patient database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The off-label use of medicines is a widespread phenomenon in medical practice but discussion on the legality of using drugs outside their licensed indications is still ongoing. Prescription recommendations and prescribing habits can differ greatly. We have used a database tool to analyze replies to a batch of questions which included the question "Is the off-label use of medications common?". The analysis was carried out using the Disease Analyzer--mediplus patient database, which is a database tool registered in Germany. It enabled the anonymous access to a representative panel of physicians and patients. More than 1,500 medical practices representing approximately 2.5 million patients were analyzed in a cross-sectional or longitudinal manner. The Disease Analyzer--mediplus database is unique in that it has direct links to individual diagnoses and the corresponding therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings demonstrated that proton pump inhibitors (PPI), which are licensed for the treatment of gastric ulcer and gastric reflux, are also used off-label in gastritis. The off-label use varies from 30 - 40% of prescriptions. The data indicate that the prescribing behavior has been influenced by the ending of the patent protection on omeprazole. A second instance which has been identified involves the beta-blocker carvedilol, which is licensed for the treatment of heart failure (24% of the total number of patients receiving the drug) but it was found that other beta-blockers are used off-label in this indication at a rate of more than 10% of prescriptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The off-label use of drugs is high, especially in gastritis and heart failure. The investigation has also confirmed that the Disease Analyzer--mediplus database provides quantitative and qualitative analyses combining all relevant information concerning physicians, patients, diagnoses and therapy and that this information can be used to evaluate prescribing habits and trends with regard to the off-label use of drugs.
authors.affiliation: IMS HEALTH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schröder-Bernhardi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dietlein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D002648:Child; D016208:Databases, Factual; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000379:methods*; D005194:Family Practice; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors