title: Defective myocardial blood flow and altered function of the left ventricle in type 2 diabetic rats: a noninvasive in vivo study using perfusion and cine magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular complications are related to microvascular abnormalities. In this work, we aimed at characterizing in vivo myocardial blood flow and left ventricular function of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat as a nonobese model of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for myocardial blood flow quantification and cine MRI for functional evaluation in free-breathing isoflurane-anesthetized animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Myocardial blood flow was altered in adult female GK rats compared with age-matched female Wistar rats (4.7 +/- 1.6 vs. 7.1 +/- 1.2 mL/g/min respectively, P = 0.0022). Ejection fraction was decreased in GK compared with Wistar rats (64 +/- 7 vs. 78 +/- 8% respectively, P <0.005), mainly as a result of a loss in left ventricular longitudinal contraction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adult female GK rats have defective myocardial blood flow associated with altered left ventricular function. This multiparametric MRI approach in the GK rat is of particular interest for the study of type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Iltis
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kober
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desrois
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dalmasso
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Portha
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cozzone
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology*