title: Risk of ischaemic stroke in people with migraine: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the association between migraine and risk of ischaemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational studies published between 1966 and June 2004 (identified through Medline and Embase) that examined the association between migraine and risk of ischaemic stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  14 studies (11 case-control studies and 3 cohort studies) were identified. These studies suggest that the risk of stroke is increased in people with migraine (relative risk 2.16, 95% confidence interval 1.89 to 2.48). This increase in risk was consistent in people who had migraine with aura (relative risk 2.27, 1.61 to 3.19) and migraine without aura (relative risk 1.83, 1.06 to 3.15), as well as in those taking oral contraceptives (relative risk 8.72, 5.05 to 15.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from observational studies suggest that migraine may be a risk factor in developing stroke. More studies are needed to explore the mechanism of this potential association. In addition, the risk of migraine among users of oral contraceptives must be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, Royal Victoria and Vancouver Hospitals, Canada. Mahyar.etminan@mail.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Mahyar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Etminan
authors.forename: Bahi
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Takkouche
authors.forename: Francisco Caamaño
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Isorna
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Samii
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral