title: Force measurements in E-cadherin-mediated cell doublets reveal rapid adhesion strengthened by actin cytoskeleton remodeling through Rac and Cdc42.
abstract: We have used a modified, dual pipette assay to quantify the strength of cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion. The force required to separate E-cadherin-expressing paired cells in suspension was measured as an index of intercellular adhesion. Separation force depended on the homophilic interaction of functional cadherins at the cell surface, increasing with the duration of contact and with cadherin levels. Severing the link between cadherin and the actin cytoskeleton or disrupting actin polymerization did not affect initiation of cadherin-mediated adhesion, but prevented it from developing and becoming stronger over time. Rac and Cdc42, the Rho-like small GTPases, were activated when E-cadherin-expressing cells formed aggregates in suspension. Overproduction of the dominant negative form of Rac or Cdc42 permitted initial E-cadherin-based adhesion but affected its later development; the dominant active forms prevented cell adhesion outright. Our findings highlight the crucial roles played by Rac, Cdc42, and actin cytoskeleton dynamics in the development and regulation of strong cell adhesion, defined in terms of mechanical forces.
authors.affiliation: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Institut Curie, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Yeh-Shiu
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eder
authors.forename: Frederic
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pincet
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Jean Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Thiery
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dufour
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000502:physiology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology*; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D053778:Thiazolidines; D013997:Time Factors; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000502:physiology*; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D015820:Cadherins; D047630:Depsipeptides; D013844:Thiazoles; D053778:Thiazolidines; C057531:jasplakinolide; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; C037068:latrunculin B