title: Differential effect of LFA703, pravastatin, and fluvastatin on production of IL-18 and expression of ICAM-1 and CD40 in human monocytes.
abstract: A novel, proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-18 production was detected in the medium of human monocytes treated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, pravastatin, and fluvastatin (0.1 and 1 muM) but not with the statin-derived lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) inhibitor LFA703, which did not inhibit HMG-CoA reductase. Pravastatin and fluvastatin also induced the production of IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in contrast to LFA703. IL-18 production by PBMC is located upstream of the cytokine cascade activated by these statins. The IL-18-induced cytokine production was demonstrated to be dependent on adhesion molecule expression on monocytes. In the absence and presence of lower concentrations (0.1 and 1 ng/ml) of IL-18, pravastatin and fluvastatin inhibited the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and induced the expression of CD40, whereas LFA703 had no effect. In the presence of higher concentrations (5, 10, and 100 ng/ml) of IL-18, pravastatin, fluvastatin, and LFA703 similarly inhibited the expression of ICAM-1 and CD40 as well as the production of IL-12, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma in PBMC. The effects of pravastatin and fluvastatin but not LFA703 were abolished by the addition of mevalonate, indicating the involvement of HMG-CoA reductase in the action of pravastatin and fluvastatin. Thus, the effects of LFA703 were distinct from those of pravastatin and fluvastatin in the presence of lower concentrations of IL-18. It was concluded that LFA703 has the inhibitory effect on an IL-18-initiated immune response without any activation on monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo Kohka
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwagaki
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weitz-Schmidt
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishibori
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017035:Pravastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014108:Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019013:CD40 Antigens; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D020382:Interleukin-18; C430123:LFA703; D009281:Naphthalenes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C425776:tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartic acid fluoromethyl ketone; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D014108:Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone; D000077340:Fluvastatin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D017035:Pravastatin; D008798:Mevalonic Acid