Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: role of ion channels.
Acute hypoxia induces pulmonary vasoconstriction and chronic hypoxia causes structural changes of the pulmonary vasculature including arterial medial hypertrophy. Electro- and pharmacomechanical mechanisms are involved in regulating pulmonary vasomotor tone, whereas intracellular Ca(2+) serves as an important signal in regulating contraction and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Herein, we provide a basic overview of the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Our discussion focuses on the roles of ion channels permeable to K(+) and Ca(2+), membrane potential, and cytoplasmic Ca(2+) in the development of acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and chronic hypoxia-mediated pulmonary vascular remodeling.
Mauban
Joseph R H
JR
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., MC 0725, La Jolla, CA 92093-0725, USA.
Remillard
Carmelle V
CV
Yuan
Jason X-J
JX
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D006487:Hemostasis; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000503:physiopathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014661:Vasoconstriction
D007473:Ion Channels; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium