title: [Bite wound infections].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The lifetime risk of experiencing a bite wound, human or animal, is approximately 50%, and bite wounds account for approximately 1% of all visits to emergency departments. The majority of bite wounds are inflicted by dogs and cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of the literature on the diagnosis and treatment of bite wound infections is presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common pathogens associated with bite wounds are Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species, Pasteurella multocida, Capnocytophaga canimorsus and anaerobic bacteria. Sporadically other pathogens are isolated from bite wounds. Human bites differ from animal bites by higher prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Eikenella corrodens.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important to be aware of the possibility of complicating infections following bite wounds, particularly after cat bites. Phenoxymethyl penicillin should be the drug of choice in treatment of infections associated with cat and dog bites. However, in case of slow recovery or no improvement, simultaneous lymphadenopathy or pneumonia, S. aureus or Francisella tularensis should be suspected; ciprofloxacin is recommended. For human bite infections the recommend treatment is phenoxymethyl penicillin in combination with penicillinase-stable penicillin.
authors.affiliation: Infeksjonsmedisinsk seksjon, Akershus universitetssykehus, 1474 Nordbyhagen. sheraz.yaqub@basalmed.uio.no
authors.forename: Sheraz
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yaqub
authors.forename: Jørgen V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Bjørnholt
authors.forename: Kjell B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Hellum
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinbakk
authors.forename: Asle E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Enger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D001734:Bites, Human / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D002415:Cats; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D010404:Penicillin V / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010404:Penicillin V