title: HUMANS: An English and Spanish neuropsychological test battery for assessing HIV-1-infected individuals--initial report.
abstract: A neuropsychological battery for testing HIV-1-infected individuals in Spanish was developed. We refer to this battery as the HIV/University of Miami Annotated Neuropsychological test battery in Spanish (HUMANS). The HUMANS battery includes recommendations of the National Institute of Mental Health Neuropsychology Workgroup on HIV-1 infection and measures processes in the following 7 cognitive domains: attention, verbal and visual memory, information processing speed, abstraction and executive functioning, language, visuospatial and visuoconstructive, and motor. Administration requires approximately 3 to 4 hr. The English version of the battery is sensitive to HIV-1 serostatus and Centers for Disease Control clinical disease stage. We report on the test selection, translation, and adaptation of this parallel English battery into Spanish using methods to eliminate linguistically and culturally biased items in some tests. The importance of standardized neuropsychological instruments equivalent in different languages to test HIV-1-positive individuals for impairment is emphasized. Validation and reliability studies are in progress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA. fwilkie@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Frances L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Wilkie
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goodkin
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardila
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Concha
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lecusay
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Maria H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Van Zuilen
authors.forename: Rebeca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: O'Mellan
mesh_terms: D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology*; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008603:Mental Health; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results