title: [Effect of telomerase on ginsenoside Rh2-induced differentiation of hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recently we found that 20 microg/ml of ginsenoside Rh2 (G-Rh(2)) can inhibit growth, and induce differentiation of hepatocarcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. Re-activation of telomerase may play an important role in carcinogenesis, and cellular immortalization. This study was to explore the mechanism of G-Rh(2)-induced differentiation of SMMC-7721 cells by detecting telomerase activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  After treated with 20 mug/ml of G-Rh(2), telomerase activity in SMMC-7721 cells was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) coupled with enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay(ELISA); mRNA levels of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and p21 were measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); changes of cell cycle, and expression of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E,P16 protein were detected by flow cytometry (FCM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  G-Rh(2) inhibited telomerase activity of SMMC-7721 in a time- dependent manner: the activity decreased from 1.105 to 0.765 (P< 0.01) after 1-day treatment, while from 1.152 to 0.326 (P< 0.01) after treated for 5-day treatment. The mRNA expression of hTERT was significantly reduced by 20 microg/ml of G-Rh(2). Cell cycle assay showed that 20 microg/ml of G-Rh(2) increased the proportion of SMMC-7721 cells in G1 phase, and decreased those in S, and G2/M phases, the increase of G1 phase after 1-day treatment was the most apparent (from 60.85% to 78.53%,P< 0.05). Furthermore,G-Rh(2) weakened the expressions of positive-regulating factors(Cyclin D1,Cyclin E),and increased the expressions of negative-regulating factors (P16 protein, p21 gene) in SMMC- 7721 cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G-Rh(2) may effectively reduce telomerase activity through affecting transcription level of hTERT,and arresting cell cycle progression. The down- regulation of telomerase activity in SMMC-7721 cells may be closely related to G-Rh(2)-induced differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Laboratory, An-Zhen Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Zhi-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Tu
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000378:metabolism; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019098:Telomerase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019927:Cyclin E; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D036145:Ginsenosides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019938:Cyclin D1; C055305:ginsenoside Rh2; D019098:Telomerase