title: Diffusion-weighted single shot echo planar imaging of colorectal cancer using a sensitivity-encoding technique.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We wanted to determine the feasibility of diffusion-weighted single shot echo planar imaging using a sensitivity-encoding technique (SENSE-DWI) in depicting colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients with sigmoid colon cancer and rectal cancer, all proven pathologically, were examined on T2-turbo spin echo (TSE) and SENSE-DWI. No bowel preparation was performed before examination. The b-factors used in SENSE-DWI were zero and 1000 s/mm(2). In 10 randomly selected cases, the images whose b-factors were 250 and 500 s/mm(2) were also obtained. The reduction factor of SENSE was 2.0 in all sequences. Two radiologists evaluated the obtained images from the viewpoints of tumor detectability, image distortion and misregistration of the tumors. The apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the tumors and urine in the urinary bladders in each patient were measured to evaluate the correlation between ADC and pathological classification of each tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All tumors were depicted hyperintensely on SENSE-DWI. Even though single shot echo planar imaging (EPI) was used, the image distortion and misregistration was quite pronounced because of simultaneous use of SENSE. On SENSE-DWI whose b-factor was 1000 s/mm(2), the normal colon wall and feces were always hypointense and easily differentiated from the tumors. The mean ADC value of each tumor was 1.02 +/- 0.1 (x 10(-3)) mm(2)/s. No overt correlation can be pointed out between ADC and pathological classification of each tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SENSE-DWI is a feasible method for depicting colorectal cancer. SENSE-DWI provides strong contrast among colorectal cancers, normal rectal wall and feces.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Center Hospital East, Department of Radiology, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan. kanasu@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nasu
authors.forename: Yoshihumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nawano
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moriyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012811:Sigmoid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology