title: Predictors of successful heart failure self-care maintenance in the first three months after hospitalization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to replicate a prior study of predictors of self-care in heart failure (HF).
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-experimental, correlational replication study retested a model of 7 variables: social support, symptom severity, comorbidity, education, age, gender, and income; the last variable, income, was tested in the prior study but was excluded in this study because of missing data. The model was tested at baseline and 3 months after hospitalization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were enrolled from 2 hospitals in southern California.
  
  
  METHODS
  A convenience sample of 66 patients with chronic HF were studied. The sample was elderly, primarily female, and educated at the high school level or above. Approximately half of the patients had systolic HF, and most were functionally compromised. Outcome measure Self-care maintenance, a component of self-care, was measured with the maintenance subscale of the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, the model was significant (F = 2.61, df = 7.58, P = .02) and explained 14.8% of the variance in HF self-care. Significant predictors of self-care were higher age and male gender. Three months later, when baseline self-care maintenance scores were controlled in the analysis, the model explained 45.3% of the variance in HF self-care. Most of the variance was explained by the baseline self-care score, but male gender and low comorbidity added an additional 6% of the variance (F = 6.9, df = 9.56, P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly men and those with fewer comorbid illnesses were most successful at HF self-care.
authors.affiliation: Unversity of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, 420 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6096, USA.
authors.forename: Patricia M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Chriss
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheposh
authors.forename: Beverly
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carlson
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Riegel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012648:Self Care; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D012944:Social Support; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome