title: Phosphorelay signaling in yeast in response to changes in osmolarity.
abstract: In the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevesiae, phosphorelay signaling systems that involve a three-step His-Asp-His-Asp phosphotransfer are involved in transmitting signals in response to cellular stress. The animation shows one example of such a phosphorelay system involved in yeast responses to changes in osmolarity. Under conditions of low osmolarity, a histidine-aspartate phosphorelay pathway transmits information that deactivates one signaling pathway and activates gene expression through another pathway. In response to high osmolarity, the Sln1 kinase that initiates the phosphorelay is inhibited and the Hog1 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is active.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiozaki
mesh_terms: D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009040:Motion Pictures; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; C088589:HOG1 protein, S cerevisiae; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C083749:SLN1 protein, S cerevisiae