title: Economic evaluation of misoprostol in the treatment of early pregnancy failure compared to curettage after an expectant management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increased pressure on health care expenses implies that physicians should consider economic aspects as part of the clinical decision-making process. Direct and indirect costs of a strategy starting with misoprostol in treatment of early pregnancy failure as compared to curettage is therefore performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a cost-minimization analysis alongside a multicentre randomized trial. Clinical data and data on the use of medical resources were obtained from a randomized trial comparing misoprostol and curettage, which had shown that misoprostol reduced the need for curettage in 53%. In a sensitivity analysis the percentage of women who needed curettage after misoprostol varied between 25 and 90%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Direct costs per case were significantly lower in the misoprostol group (mean 433) than in the curettage group (mean 683) (mean difference 250, 95% CI 184 to 316, P < 0.001). These significant differences existed under a wide range of alternative assumptions about unit costs. The differences in direct cost in favour of misoprostol were large for women who had complete evacuation after initial misoprostol treatment as compared to those who needed additional curettage after failed misoprostol. Mean indirect costs were equal for both groups (misoprostol mean 486; curettage mean 428; mean difference 60, 95% CI -61 to 179, P = 0.51). The mean total costs for a strategy starting with misoprostol was 915 versus 1107 for curettage, with a mean difference between both groups of 192 (95% CI 33 to 351, P = 0.04). An increase of the complete evacuation rates for initial misoprostol therapy to 90% in the sensitivity analysis increased the cost difference between misoprostol and curettage to 550.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of misoprostol for early pregnancy failure after failed expectant management is less costly than curettage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. p.graziosi@Antonius.net
authors.forename: G C M
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Graziosi
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Steeg
authors.forename: P H W
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Reuwer
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Drogtrop
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Bruinse
authors.forename: B W J
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Mol
mesh_terms: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal / Q000191:economics*; D000328:Adult; D017046:Cost Savings; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage / Q000191:economics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005102:Health Expenditures; D006801:Humans; D016595:Misoprostol / Q000191:economics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000020:Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal; D016595:Misoprostol