title: The relationship between HAART use and employment for HIV-positive individuals: an empirical analysis and policy outlook.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study jointly analyzes the determinants of the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) along with the determinants of employment status for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS) were analyzed using a bivariate probit model. HSCUS collected data on 2864 individuals in 180 clinics, hospitals and private practices in 28 urban areas and 24 clusters of rural counties in the United States. We used data from the baseline interview to categorize individuals as employed or unemployed and for the determination of HAART use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The empirical results suggest that individuals taking HAART have an increased likelihood of working and that individuals with private health insurance are more likely to use HAART compared to individuals with public health insurance coverage or no coverage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the fact that employment of HIV-positive is directly related to HAART use, policymakers need to look to the private health insurance industry and public program to increase access to HAART. Suggested models for consideration are mandating insurance benefits and ADAP expansion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Oregon State University, 312 Waldo Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331-6406, USA. stephanie.bernell@oregonstate.edu
authors.forename: Stephanie Lazarus
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bernell
authors.forename: Judith Ann
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shinogle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D003625:Data Collection; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States