title: CD4+CD45RBHi T cell transfer induced colitis in mice is accompanied by osteopenia which is treatable with recombinant human osteoprotegerin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transfer of CD4+CD45RBHi T cells into semi syngeneic immunodeficient mice represents a model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As patients with IBD often suffer from osteopenia, we studied if this T cell transfer in mice results in osteopenia in addition to colitis, and if treatment with osteoprotegerin (OPG) has effects on the bone mineral density of T cell transferred mice. We also investigated whether osteopenia was due to malabsorption as a result of a dysregulated digestive tract or as a consequence of the inflammatory process.
  
  
  METHODS
  CD4+CD45RBHi or CD4+CD45RBLo T cells (4 x 10(5)) were sorted from CB6F1 and transferred into C.B.17 scid/scid mice. Recipient mice were treated with human IgG1 Fc (control) or Fc-OPG three times per week in a prophylactic regimen as well as a therapeutic regimen (after 10% body weight loss) and were evaluated for osteopenia and colitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mice that received CD4+CD45RBHi T cells developed osteopenia (as indicated by decreased bone density accompanied by decreased osteoblasts and increased osteoclasts) and colitis (as indicated by histological changes in the large intestine). Mice that received CD4+CD45RBLo T cells developed neither osteopenia nor colitis. All animals consumed, on average, the same amount of food and water over the course of the study. Prophylactic treatment with Fc-OPG increased bone density in mice that received either CD4+CD45RBHi or CD4+CD45RBLo T cells but had no effects on the gastrointestinal tract. Fc-OPG treatment of osteopenic mice with established IBD caused the normalisation of bone density. Osteopenia in CD4+CD45RBHi T cell recipients was accompanied by hypoparathyroidism that was partially normalised by treatment with Fc-OPG. CD4+CD45RBHi T cell recipients also had a bone marrow inflammatory cell infiltrate expressing tumour necrosis factor alpha which was unaffected by treatment with Fc-OPG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD4+CD45RBHi T cell transfer results in osteopenia in addition to colitis. Evidence suggests that this osteopenia was induced by inflammatory cell infiltration and not by malabsorption of calcium. Recombinant human osteoprotegerin effectively treated the osteopenia. OPG may be a useful therapeutic option for treating osteopenia in patients with IBD.
authors.affiliation: Amgen Inc, One Amgen Center Drive, Mail Stop 29-1-B, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA. fbyrne@amgen.com
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morony
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Warmington
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiorino
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Porkess
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duryea
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Pretorius
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adamu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manoukian
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manuokian
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Danilenko
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sarosi
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lacey
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kostenuik
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Senaldi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000473:pathology; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000473:pathology; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000473:pathology; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000637:transplantation; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C506031:Tnfrsf11b protein, mouse