title: Cystoscopy in cattle--a valuable additional tool for clinical examination.
abstract: Based on the findings of physical examination and on laboratory findings the urinary bladder of 23 cows was examined endoscopically in order to investigate the application of cystoscopy in cattle. The endoscopic findings of all examined cows were compared with the findings of physical examination and the results of macroscopic and microscopic urinalysis and the bacteriological culture of the urine. By physical examination only 3 cows were diagnosed to have urinary tract disease, whereas all other cows were suspected of having an urinary tract disease. Bacteriological culture of the urine revealed Corynebacterium renale and Escherichia coli infection in 18 cows, while the remaining 5 cows were negative. By cystoscopy catarrhal cystitis was diagnosed in 2 cases, haemorrhagic cystitis in 5 cases, and fibrinous-purulent and fibrinous-haemorrhagic cystitis in 13 cases. Three cows showed no pathological changes of the urinary bladder mucosa by endoscopic examination. Cystoscopy facilitates diagnosis through the direct visualisation of mucosal lesions and makes it possible to give a more accurate prognosis based upon the findings.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. sonja.franz@vu-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003556:Cystitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D020684:Cystoscopes / Q000662:veterinary; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology