title: A possible role of neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein and leptin receptor isoforms in hypothalamic programming by perinatal feeding in the rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Perinatal overfeeding predisposes humans and rats to obesity and diabetes in later life. One classical model for studying the effect of early feeding is manipulation of the size of rat litters. Rats growing up in small litters gain more weight than rats growing up in normal-sized litters. Interestingly, these obese rats maintain this phenotype in adulthood. Conversely, rats raised in large litters show a delay in growth and a decrease in body weight. The aim of this work was to assess the hypothalamic control mechanisms of food intake regulated by perinatal feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Leptin levels were analysed using RIA. Leptin receptor mRNA levels were analysed using RT-PCR. Neuropeptide mRNA levels were analysed using in situ hybridisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Perinatally overfed neonatal male rats exhibited hyperleptinaemia and a decrease in hypothalamic mRNA levels of the long isoform of the leptin receptor (OB-Rb), explaining their leptin resistance. Moreover, this obese model showed an increase in the mRNA expression of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC). In contrast, perinatally underfed neonatal male rats with hypoleptinaemia showed an increase in hypothalamic mRNA of the short isoforms of the leptin receptor. Furthermore, they exhibited an increase in expression of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein in the ARC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rats overfed during early postnatal life show a leptin-resistant state mediated by down-regulation of the hypothalamic OB-Rb. These data, together with the increased expression of neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein in specific neurons in the ARC, might indicate the existence of regulated programming in this nucleus and may provide a new aetiopathogenic concept in susceptibility to obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Seoane
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nogueiras
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diéguez
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Señarís
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D001483:Base Sequence; D047168:Cystine Knot Motifs; D017931:DNA Primers; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000502:physiology; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: C515197:AGRP protein, rat; D054369:Agouti-Related Protein; D017931:DNA Primers; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D054411:Receptors, Leptin