title: [Evaluation of the insertion-trauma of the Nucleus Contour Advance electrode-array in a human temporal bone model].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of intracochlear electrode arrays is aiming at a placement close to the modiolus with an insertion as atraumatic as possible. A new perimodiolar electrode model the Nucleus Contour Advance was to be evaluated regarding the possible intracochlear trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The implantation of the Contour Advance electrode was performed in 11 frozen native temporal bones. Beneath a regular insertion in 5 temporal bones in 6 cases the insertion was carried out using the "advance-off-stylett" technique with a fixed stylett. The temporal bones were embedded in metacrylate based resin for histomorphological evaluation. The evaluation was performed regarding to the intracochlear placement close to the modiolus and the damage to intracochlear fine structures (basilar membrane, osseus spiral lamina).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2 out of 11 cases we found a perforation from the scala tympani to the scala vestibuli independent of the insertion-technique. A severe intracochlear trauma was observed in one case with fracture of osseus spiral lamina using the AOS-technique. A close position to the modiolus could be achieved by insertion the scala tympani without perforation of the basilar membrane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Nucleus Contour Advance electrode array showed minimal trauma in human temporal bones by using a standard insertion technique. By using the freehand AOS-technique a severe cochlear trauma is possible. Therefore further development in electrode design and the use of an insertion-tool is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde. Klenzner@hno1.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Klenzner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagursky
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schipper
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Laszig
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aschendorff
mesh_terms: D001489:Basilar Membrane / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D003051:Cochlea / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D013137:Spiral Lamina / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery