title: Conservation of genomic imprinting at the XIST, IGF2, and GTL2 loci in the bovine.
abstract: Genomic imprinting is theorized to exist in all placental mammals and some marsupials; however, extensive comparative analysis of animals aside from humans and mice remains incomplete. Here we report conservation of genomic imprinting in the bovine at the X chromosome inactivation-specific transcript (XIST), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), and gene trap locus 2 (GTL2) loci. Coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between Bos gaurus and Bos taurus were detected at the XIST, IGF2, and GTL2 loci, which have previously been identified as imprinted in either humans, mice, or sheep. Expression patterns of parental alleles in F1 hybrids indicated preferential paternal expression at the XIST locus solely in the chorion of females, whereas analysis of the IGF2 and GTL2 loci indicated preferential paternal and maternal expression of alleles, respectively, in both fetal and placental tissues. Comparative sequence analysis of the XIST locus and adjacent regions suggests that repression of the maternal allele in the bovine is controlled by a different mechanism than in mice, further reinforcing the importance of comparative analysis of imprinting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
authors.forename: Scott V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Dindot
authors.forename: Kathleen C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Bret
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Naida
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Loskutoff
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Womack
authors.forename: Jorge A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Piedrahita
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018392:Genomic Imprinting / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010920:Placenta; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated / Q000235:genetics*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: C498907:MEG3 non-coding RNA, human; D011506:Proteins; D062085:RNA, Long Noncoding; D022661:RNA, Untranslated; C077885:XIST non-coding RNA; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II