title: Shiftworking families: parents' working schedule and sleep patterns of adolescents attending school in two shifts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether parents' engagement in shift work affects the sleep habits of their adolescent children who attend school in two shifts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were drawn from an extensive survey of sleep and daytime functioning of adolescents attending school one week in the morning and the other in the afternoon. The participants were 1,386 elementary and high school students (11-18 years old) whose parents were both employed. The data were analyzed using MANOVA, with parents' work schedule, adolescents' gender and type of school as between-subject factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents' working schedule significantly affected the sleep patterns of high school adolescents. When attending school in the morning, adolescents whose parents were both day workers woke up somewhat later than adolescents with one shiftworking parent. In addition, they slept longer than adolescents whose parents were both shift workers. On weekends, adolescents whose parents both worked during the day went to bed earlier than adolescents whose parents were both shiftworkers. They also had smaller bedtime delay on weekends with respect to both morning and afternoon shifts than adolescents for whom one or both parents worked shifts. A significant interaction between parents' working schedule, adolescents' gender and type of school was found for sleep extension on weekends after afternoon shift school.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parental involvement in shift work has negative effects on the sleep of high school adolescents. It contributes to earlier wake-up time and shorter sleep in a week when adolescents attend school in the morning, as well as to greater bedtime irregularity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia. bvidacek@imi.hr
authors.forename: Biserka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Radosevic-Vidacek
authors.forename: Adrijana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koscec
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010290:Parents; D012737:Sex Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D013334:Students; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance