title: A randomized, double-blind comparison study of EMLA and ELA-Max for topical anesthesia in children undergoing intravenous insertion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Topical anesthetics may help reduce discomfort associated with procedures involving needle-puncture, such as intravenous (i.v.) insertions, in children. EMLA cream has become a common, noninvasive therapy for topical anesthesia in children. ELA-Max is a recently introduced topical anesthetic cream marketed as being as effective in producing topical anesthesia after a 30-min application as EMLA is after a 60-min application. The purpose of this research was to compare ELA-Max at 30 min with EMLA at 60 min for providing topical anesthesia for i.v. insertions in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty children, ages 8-17 years, requiring an i.v. were randomized to receive either the 30 min application of ELA-Max (n = 30) or the 60 min application of EMLA (n = 30). Children rated any pain associated with the i.v. insertion using a 100-mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The anesthesiologist assessed the presence of blanching at the site and rated the difficulty of placing the i.v.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no clinically or statistically significant difference in pain ratings (P = 0.87) between the ELA-Max (mean = 25.7) and the EMLA (mean = 26.8) groups. ELA-Max caused significantly (P = 0.04) less blanching than EMLA, however there was no difference in the anesthesiologists' rating of the difficulty of the i.v. placement between the groups (P = 0.73).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this study support the claim that a 30-min application of ELA-Max (with occlusion) is as effective as a 60-min application of EMLA (with occlusion) for producing topical anesthesia for i.v. insertion in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. kohj@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dembinski
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Terrence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McGraw
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine