title: Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in Kazakhstan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBV-GC) in Kazakhstan and to compare it with that in Russia, Western and Asian countries in order to evaluate the significance of epidemiopathologic and ethnic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  In situ hybridization (ISH) of EBV-encoded small RNA-1 (EBER-1) was used to identify the presence of EBER-1 signal in 139 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded GC tissues from Kazakhstan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EBER-1 expression was observed in the nuclei of 10% of the cases of GC (14/139), but not in the surrounding normal mucosa. The incidence of the diffuse type of EBV-GC was significantly higher in Kazakhstan (14%, 13/91) than that of the intestinal type (2%, 1/48). Furthermore, the incidence was significantly higher in males (14%, 12/89) than in females (3.7%, 2/53) from all countries. The overall incidence of EBV-GC increased from 6.7% in Asian countries to 8.7% in Russia, 10.1% in Kazakhstan and 16% in Western countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Geographical differences in the incidence of EBV-GC may reflect the epidemiologic factors and/or dietary habits independent of histological type and sex.
authors.affiliation: Division of Scientific Data Regsitry, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Gabit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alipov
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Chun-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Niino
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Pruglo
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sekine
mesh_terms: D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018279:Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007623:Kazakhstan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral