title: Design and synthesis of (Z)-1,2-diphenyl-1-(4-methanesulfonamidophenyl)alk-1-enes and (Z)-1-(4-azidophenyl)-1,2-diphenylalk-1-enes: novel inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.
abstract: A group of novel (Z)-1,2-diphenyl-1-(4-methanesulfonamidophenyl)alk-1-enes was designed for evaluation as selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. In vitro COX-1/COX-2 enzyme inhibition studies identified (Z)-1,2-diphenyl-1-(4-methanesulfonamidophenyl)oct-1-ene (8d) as a highly potent (IC50=0.03 microM), and an extremely selective [COX-2 SI (selectivity index)>3,333], COX-2 inhibitor that showed good anti-inflammatory (AI) activity (ID50=2.8 mg/kg). A molecular modeling (docking) study showed that the p-MeSO2NH group present in (Z)-8d inserts deep inside the 2 degrees-pocket of the COX-2 binding site, it undergoes a hydrophobic interaction with Ala516 and Gly519, and one of the O-atoms of the MeSO2 group participates in a weak hydrogen bonding interaction with the NH2 of Arg513 (distance= 3.85 angstroms). Similar in vitro COX-1/COX-2 enzyme inhibition studies showed that the azido compound 1-(4-azidophenyl)-1,2-diphenyloct-1-ene (9c) is also a potent and selective COX-2 inhibitor (COX-2 IC50=0.11 microM: SI>909) that exhibits good AI activity (ID50=5.0 mg/kg). A docking experiment to determine the orientation of (Z)-9c within the COX-2 binding site showed that the linear p-N3 group inserts into the COX-2 2 degrees-pocket, where it undergoes an ion-ion (electrostatic) interaction with Arg513. Structure-activity data acquired indicate that an olefin having either a C-1 p-MeSO2NH-phenyl, or a p-N3-phenyl, substituent, that is, cis to a C-2 unsubstituted phenyl substituent, in conjunction with C-1 unsubstituted phenyl and C-2 alkyl substituents, provides a novel template to design acyclic olefinic COX-2 inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2N8.
authors.forename: Md Jashim
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Praveen Rao
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Knaus
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015195:Drug Design; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors