title: Analgesic and hemodynamic effects of a single 7.5-mg intravenous dose of morphine in patients with moderate-to-severe postoperative pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the analgesic and hemodynamic effects of a single dose of intravenous morphine 7.5 mg in patients experiencing moderate-to-severe postoperative pain, and to determine any gender differences in analgesic response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postanesthesia care unit of a university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-eight patients who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy or prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven patients received a single dose of morphine sulfate 7.5 mg and 51 patients received placebo, both administered intravenously for 1 minute.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, morphine had no significant effect on systolic or diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, or respiratory rate. Compared with baseline, morphine significantly reduced pain intensity at 2, 5, and 10 minutes after administration (p<0.05). The difference in pain intensity between patients who received morphine and those who received placebo, however, was significant only at the 5-minute time point (p<0.02). Patients receiving morphine also reported mild pain relief at 2 and 5 minutes after its administration. Peak analgesic effect was reported 2 minutes after its administration in three quarters of the patients. Significant gender differences also were observed in response to analgesic effect. In women, no significant differences in pain intensity were seen at any time between the morphine and placebo groups, whereas in men receiving morphine, pain intensity was significantly less at 2, 5, and 10 minutes compared with baseline and that seen in the placebo group. Women were generally more satisfied with their pain treatment than were men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single 7.5-mg intravenous bolus dose of morphine did not appear to provide adequate reduction in perceived pain intensity in patients with moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. In addition, in contrast to the findings of other experimental pain studies, our data suggest that women are more tolerant of postoperative pain than are men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Cooper University Hospital, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Camden, New Jersey, USA. Larijani-ghassem@cooperhealth.edu
authors.forename: Ghassem E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Larijani
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Irwin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gratz
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Warshal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine