title: Manipulating the host response to autologous tumour vaccines.
abstract: From our way of thinking the problem facing vaccine strategies for cancer is not that we do not have "enough" tumour antigens. The problem is we cannot induce an immune response that is sufficient to mediate tumour regression. The normal "checks and balances" found in the body prevent the sustained expansion and subsequent persistence of immune killer cells. If vaccine strategies are going to become effective treatments for cancer patients, they will need to overcome this substantial roadblock. Recent developments in immunology have provided insights into the mechanisms that regulate the expansion and persistence of T cells. This has allowed investigators to reinterpret decades-old observations suggesting that chemotherapy administered before vaccination often led to a stronger immune response. This manuscript will review experiments that offer an explanation for these observations and present pre-clinical data from our laboratory that describes an innovative new approach to combining chemotherapy and vaccination. This approach is readily translatable to the clinic and is broadly applicable to any vaccine strategy for advanced cancer.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Tumor Immunology, Robert W. Franz Cancer Research Center, Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97213, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Poehlein
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: LaCelle
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Moudgil
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rüttinger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haley
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Curti
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Urba
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines