title: A comparison study of multishot vs. single-shot DWI-EPI in the neonatal brain: reduced effects of ghosting compared to adults.
abstract: In the neonatal brain, it is important to use a fast imaging technique to acquire all diffusion weighted images (DWI) for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) calculation. Taking into account the occurrence of typical echo planar imaging (EPI) artifacts, we have investigated whether single-shot (SSh) or multishot (MSh) DWI-EPI should be preferred. In 14 neonates, 17 adult patients and 5 adult volunteers, DWIs are obtained both with SSh and MSh EPI. The occurrence of artifacts and their influence on the ADC are explored and further quantified using simulations and phantom studies. Two radiologists scored overall image quality and diagnosability of all images. Single-shot and MSh DWI-EPI scored equally well in neonates with respect to overall image quality and diagnosability. In newborns, more motion artifacts in MSh can be noticed while N/2-ghost artifacts in SSh occur less frequently than in adults. Both N/2-ghost and motion artifacts result in significant ADC abnormalities. There is a serious risk that these artifacts will be mistaken for genuine diffusion abnormalities. N/2-ghost artifacts are hardly noticed in the neonatal brain, which might be due to smaller cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) velocity than in adults. Apparent diffusion coefficient values in MSh are unreliable if motion occurs. We conclude that for ADC calculations in neonates SSh DWI-EPI is more reliable than MSh.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. c.vanpul@mmc.nl
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Pul
authors.forename: F George
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: O Sjoerd
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Derksen
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buijs
authors.forename: Marinus T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Vlaardingerbroek
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kopinga
authors.forename: Pieter F F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Wijn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D005682:Gadolinium; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D006571:Heterocyclic Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C062402:gadoteridol; D005682:Gadolinium