title: Antimicrobial activity of grapefruit seed and pulp ethanolic extract.
abstract: Antibacterial and antifungal activity of ethanolic extract of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf., Rutaceae) seed and pulp was examined against 20 bacterial and 10 yeast strains. The level of antimicrobial effects was established using an in vitro agar assay and standard broth dilution susceptibility test. The contents of 3.92% of total polyphenols and 0.11% of flavonoids were determined spectrometrically in crude ethanolic extract. The presence of flavanones naringin and hesperidin in the extract was confirmed by TLC analysis. Ethanolic extract exibited the strongest antimicrobial effect against Salmonella enteritidis (MIC 2.06%, m/V). Other tested bacteria and yeasts were sensitive to extract concentrations ranging from 4.13% to 16.50% (m/V).
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Croatia. zcvetnic@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cvetnić
authors.forename: Sanda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vladimir-Knezević
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D032083:Citrus paradisi / Q000737:chemistry*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D015003:Yeasts / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D012997:Solvents; D000431:Ethanol