title: Synthesis and in vitro antifolate activity of rotationally restricted aminopterin and methotrexate analogues.
abstract: Heretofore unknown analogues of aminopterin (AMT) and methotrexate (MTX) in which free rotation of the amide bond between the phenyl ring and amino acid side chain is prevented by a CH(2) bridge were synthesized and tested for in vitro antifolate activity. The K(i) of the AMT analogue (9) against human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was 34 pM, whereas that of the MTX analogue (10) was 2100 pM. Both compounds were less potent than the parent drugs. However, although the difference between AMT and MTX was <2-fold, the difference between 9 and 10 was 62-fold, suggesting that the effect of N(10)-methyl substitution is amplified in the bridged compounds. The K(i) values of 9 and 10 as inhibitors of [(3)H]MTX influx into CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells via the reduced folate carrier (RFC) were 0.28 and 1.1 muM, respectively. The corresponding K(i) and K(t) values determined earlier for AMT and MTX were 5.4 and 4.7 muM, respectively. Thus, in contrast to its unfavorable effect on DHFR binding, the CH(2) bridge increased RFC binding. In a 72 h growth assay with CCRF-CEM cells, the IC(50) values of 9 and 10 were 5.1 and 140 nM, respectively, a 27-fold difference that was qualitatively consistent with the observed combination of weaker DHFR binding and stronger RFC binding. Although rotationally restricted inhibitors of other enzymes of folate pathway enzymes have been described previously, 9 and 10 are the first reported examples of DHFR inhibitors of this type.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Biological Chemistry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. andre_rosowsky@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Andre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosowsky
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Forsch
authors.forename: Joel E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000630:Aminopterin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D013762:Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase; D000630:Aminopterin; D008727:Methotrexate