title: Use of health behavior change theories to guide urinary incontinence research.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urinary incontinence in adults has been the focus of researchers for over 40 years. Health behavior change theories, predominantly operant conditioning, have guided much of the intervention research. In recent years cognitive theories have been used to guide behavioral interventions for urinary incontinence. Most research has focused on individual rather than group or community behavior. Few, if any, health behavior change theories have been tested on population-based interventions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To explore urinary incontinence research guided by health behavior change theories.
  
  
  METHODS
  Existing literature on health behavior change theories was analyzed to generate a plan for future research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gaps in knowledge are identified and discussed and recommendations for future research are made.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The development and testing of new theories will guide the next generation of incontinence researchers and ultimately lead to reducing the incidence and prevalence of incontinence.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. mhpalmer@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D005544:Forecasting; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008960:Models, Psychological; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011322:Primary Prevention; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012107:Research Design; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy