title: Plastid proteins crucial for symbiotic fungal and bacterial entry into plant roots.
abstract: The roots of most higher plants form arbuscular mycorrhiza, an ancient, phosphate-acquiring symbiosis with fungi, whereas only four related plant orders are able to engage in the evolutionary younger nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbiosis with bacteria. Plant symbioses with bacteria and fungi require a set of common signal transduction components that redirect root cell development. Here we present two highly homologous genes from Lotus japonicus, CASTOR and POLLUX, that are indispensable for microbial admission into plant cells and act upstream of intracellular calcium spiking, one of the earliest plant responses to symbiotic stimulation. Surprisingly, both twin proteins are localized in the plastids of root cells, indicating a previously unrecognized role of this ancient endosymbiont in controlling intracellular symbioses that evolved more recently.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imaizumi-Anraku
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Charpentier
authors.forename: Jillian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umehara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kouchi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Lonneke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vickers
authors.forename: Jodie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pike
authors.forename: J Allan
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Downie
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shusei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Asamizu
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murooka
authors.forename: Guo-Jiang
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parniske
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D000070116:Lotus / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D018087:Plastids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger