title: Identification of powdery mildew-induced barley genes by cDNA-AFLP: functional assessment of an early expressed MAP kinase.
abstract: Gene expression analysis by cDNA-AFLP in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) after powdery mildew ( Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei , Bgh ) inoculation revealed 615 (3.7%) of 16 500 screened cDNA fragments being differentially regulated 4 and/or 12 h after inoculation. Of these transcript derived fragments (TDFs), 120 were sequenced, and for 28 out of 29 tested, induction was confirmed via RT-PCR. Most TDFs did not show any homology to sequences with known functions, others showed homology to genes involved in primary and secondary metabolism, pathogen response, redox regulation, and signal transduction. TDFs with homology to a MAP kinase ( PWMK1 ), a WRKY transcription factor, a heparanase, an immunophilin, a cytochrome P450, and a receptor-like protein kinase were isolated as full length cDNAs. Knockdown by RNA interference via biolistic delivery of sequence specific double stranded RNA to leaf segments tagged two of these genes as possible candidates being causally involved in the outcome of the barley- Bgh interaction. Knockdown of the receptor-like protein kinase and the WRKY transcription factor increased resistance to the fungus, while knockdown of PWMK1 only led to a slightly enhanced susceptibility of epidermal cells to Bgh . This suggests that the receptor-like protein kinase and the WRKY protein are candidates for negative regulators of powdery mildew resistance. Based on expression analyses, PWMK1 appears to be more generally involved in stress response.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Environmental Sciences, Institute of Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eckey
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korell
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leib
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Biedenkopf
authors.forename: Carin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Langen
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kogel
mesh_terms: D001203:Ascomycota / Q000254:growth & development*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D010802:Phylogeny; D019441:Plant Epidermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology; D034622:RNA Interference; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D018749:RNA, Plant; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases