title: Clinical hip tests and a functional squat test in patients with knee osteoarthritis: reliability, prevalence of positive test findings, and short-term response to hip mobilization.
abstract: METHODS
  One group pretest-posttest exploratory design.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Primary purposes of this study were to examine the short-term effect of hip mobilizations on pain and range of motion (ROM) measurements in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine the prevalence of painful hip and squat test findings in both patients with knee OA and asymptomatic subjects. The secondary purposes were to assess intrarater reliability and to determine whether fewer subjects experienced painful test findings following hip mobilization.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Conservative intervention, including manual physical therapy applied to the lower extremity, has been shown to reduce impairments associated with knee OA.
  
  
  METHODS
  One rater pair administered 4 clinical hip tests to 22 patients with knee OA (mean age, 61.2 years; SD, 6.1 years) and 17 subjects without lower extremity symptoms or known pathology (mean age, 64.0 years; SD, 7.9 years). Intrarater reliability was examined for each clinical test. Patients with knee OA and painful-hip and squat test findings received hip mobilizations. Pain and ROM responses for each test were dependent variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraclass correlation coefficients for all tests were greater than 0.87. Composite and individual test pain scores and ROM scores improved significantly following hip mobilization. All clinical test findings were more frequent in the group with knee OA, except for those of the FABER test, and the number of subjects with painful test findings following hip mobilization was reduced for all tests except the hip flexion test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients experienced increases in ROM, decreased pain, and fewer subjects had painful test findings immediately following a single session of hip mobilizations. Examination and intervention of the hip may be indicated in patients with knee OA.
authors.affiliation: US Army-Baylor Graduate Program in Physical Therapy, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA.
authors.forename: Amy V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Cliborne
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wainner
authors.forename: Dan I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Rhon
authors.forename: Coy D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Judd
authors.forename: Terrance T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Fee
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Matekel
authors.forename: Julie M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Whitman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008349:Manipulation, Orthopedic; D008875:Middle Aged; D026201:Musculoskeletal Manipulations / Q000379:methods*; D015588:Observer Variation; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results