title: Ergonomics improvements of the visual inspection process in a printed circuit assembly factory.
abstract: An ergonomics improvement study was conducted on the visual inspection process of a printed circuit assembly (PCA) factory. The process was studied through subjective assessment and direct observation. Three problems were identified: operators' eye problems, insufficient time for inspection and ineffective visual inspection. These problems caused a huge yearly rejection cost of US 298,240 dollars, poor quality, customer dissatisfaction and poor occupational health and safety. Ergonomics interventions were made to rectify the problems: reduced usage of a magnifying glass, the use of less glaring inspection templates, inspection of only electrically non-tested components and introduction of a visual inspection sequence. The interventions produced savings in rejection cost, reduced operators' eye strain, headaches and watery eyes, lowered the defect percentage at customers' sites and increased the factory's productivity and customer satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Business and Law, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia. hpyeow@mmu.edu.my
authors.forename: Paul H P
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Yeow
authors.forename: Rabindra Nath
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017046:Cost Savings; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008296:Malaysia; D008838:Microcomputers; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D016272:Occupational Health; D014785:Vision, Ocular