title: Neural and endocrine correlates of sadness in women: implications for neural network regulation of HPA activity.
abstract: In order to evaluate the suprahypothalamic neuroanatomical sites of relevance to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol regulation, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) investigation of induced sadness was combined with a linear regression analysis of these hormone levels during mood induction. Images from eight healthy women were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM), replicating many findings from prior sadness induction studies. Statistical parametric mapping endocrine covariate analysis showed that the ventromedial prefrontal, anterior cingulate, and insular cortices may regulate ACTH and the insular cortex may be related to regulation of cortisol during sadness. Dysfunction of these sites may contribute to the cortisol dysregulation observed in some subjects with major depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts, USA. ottowitz@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu <ottowitz@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu>
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Ottowitz
authors.forename: Darin D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sirota
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Niaura
authors.forename: Scott L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rauch
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000502:physiology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone