title: Meta-analysis: Effect of hepatitis C virus infection on mortality in dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The natural history of hepatitis C virus infection among patients on long-term dialysis treatment remains incompletely understood. Efforts to elucidate the natural history of hepatitis C virus in this population are difficult because of the slowly progressive nature of hepatitis C virus with often an unrecognized onset in patients whose life-expectancy is substantially diminished by end-stage renal disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To conduct a systematic review of the published medical literature concerning the impact of hepatitis C virus infection on the survival of patients receiving chronic dialysis. The relative risk of mortality was regarded as the most reliable outcome end-point.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird to generate a summary estimate of the relative risk for mortality with hepatitis C virus across the published studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified four clinical trials (2341 unique patients); three (75%) of them were prospective, cohort studies; the fourth was a case-control study. Pooling of study results demonstrated that presence of antihepatitis C virus antibody was an independent and significant risk factor for death in patients on maintenance dialysis. The summary estimate for relative risk was 1.57 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.33-1.86. A test for homogeneity of the relative risks across the four studies gave a P-value of 0.77. As a cause of death, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis were significantly more frequent among antihepatitis C virus-positive than -negative dialysis patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis demonstrates that antihepatitis C virus-positive patients on dialysis have an increased risk of mortality compared with hepatitis C virus-negative patients. The excess risk of death in hepatitis C virus-positive patients may be at least partially attributed to chronic liver disease with its attendant complications. Clinical trials with extended follow-up are currently under way to assess the effect of hepatitis C virus treatment on the excess risk of mortality in this population.
authors.affiliation: Center for Liver and Kidney Diseases and Transplantation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. fabrizi@policlinico.mi.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fabrizi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dixit
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bunnapradist
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dulai
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000821:virology; D011379:Prognosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000401:mortality*; D015996:Survival Rate