title: Significance of serum tumor markers in monitoring advanced breast cancer patients treated with systemic therapy: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The significance of serum tumor markers in monitoring advanced breast cancer patients is still controversial. To clarify this issue, the Tumor Marker Study Group of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society conducted a prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced breast cancer who were treated with systemic therapy between January and December 2002 were recruited from five collaborative institutes in Japan. The patients were monitored every four weeks using three serum tumor markers, CEA, CA 15-3 and NCC-ST-439 during the therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings from 108 eligible patients were analyzed. The pretreatment positivity rates were 51.9% for CEA, 50% for CA 15-3, and 34.3% for NCC-ST-439. The changes in each marker level at 8 and 12 weeks but not at 4 weeks after the start of therapy seemed to correlate with the response to therapy in pretreatment marker-positive patients but not in negative patients. The Cox proportional hazard model revealed a greater than 20% reduction in CEA, CA 15-3 or NCC-ST-439 levels at 4, 8 and/or 12 weeks after the start of therapy to be an independent predictive factor for longer time-to-progression (TTP) in pretreatment marker-positive patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective study supported the findings obtained from our previous retrospective study that in pretreatment marker-positive patients 1) the changes in serum tumor marker levels after the start of therapy correlate with the response to therapy; and 2) a greater than 20% reduction in the tumor marker levels was a favorable predictive factor for TTP during systemic therapy. When the pretreatment serum level of these markers is over the respective cut-off value, sequential measurement of them may be useful for evaluating the efficacy of treatment as well as monitoring the outcome of patients with advanced breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurebayashi
authors.forename: Reiki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Katsuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosumi
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriya
authors.forename: Yoshinari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate / Q000097:blood; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000097:blood; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D015295:Antigens, Tumor-Associated, Carbohydrate; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D018396:Mucin-1; C056315:ST 439 antigen, human