title: Intracranial ependymomas in childhood: recurrence, reoperation, and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intracranial ependymomas (IE) in children are aggressive tumors, and total resection (TR) is considered to be the most powerful predictor of outcome. The data regarding recurrent IE (RIE), in particular the role of reoperation, are scarce in the literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 70 cases of IE in children operated on for IE since the advent of computed imaging. TR was achieved at initial surgery in 38 out of 70 cases. After a mean follow-up of 76.1 months, 33 out of 70 tumors had progressed. Eighteen were reoperated, achieving TR in 12 out of 18 cases. The morbidity associated with reoperation was minimal, especially compared with the first operation. After a mean follow-up of 74.7 months after reoperation, 10 out of 18 patients had died of tumor progression, 1 had a stable tumor, and 7 were tumor free. When TR was achieved, the overall survival rate was 7 out of 12.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total resection is the only curative treatment for RIE and is often possible, especially when the initial resection was total.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Lille, France. m-vinchon@chru-lille.fr
authors.forename: Matthieu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vinchon
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leblond
authors.forename: Rémy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noudel
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dhellemmes
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome