title: Sagittal movement of the medial longitudinal arch is unchanged in plantar fasciitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although a lowered medial longitudinal arch has been cited as a causal factor in plantar fasciitis, there is little experimental evidence linking arch motion to the pathogenesis of the condition. This study investigated the sagittal movement of the arch in subjects with and without plantar fasciitis during gait.
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital fluoroscopy was used to acquire dynamic lateral radiographs from 10 subjects with unilateral plantar fasciitis and 10 matched control subjects. The arch angle and the first metatarsophalangeal joint angle were digitized and their respective maxima recorded. Sagittal movement of the arch was defined as the angular change between heel strike and the maximum arch angle observed during the stance phase of gait. The thickness of the proximal plantar fascia was determined from sagittal sonograms of both feet. ANOVA models were used to identify differences between limbs with respect to each dependent variable. Relationships between arch movement and fascial thickness were investigated using correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant difference in either the movement or maximum arch angle between limbs. However, subjects with plantar fasciitis were found to have a larger metatarsophalangeal joint angle than controls (P < 0.05). Whereas the symptomatic and asymptomatic plantar fascia were thicker than those of control feet (P < 0.05), significant correlations were noted between fascial thickness and peak arch and metatarsophalangeal joint angles (P < 0.05) in the symptomatic limb only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither abnormal shape nor movement of the arch are associated with chronic plantar fasciitis. However, arch mechanics may influence the severity of plantar fasciitis, once the condition is present. Digital flexion, in contrast, has a protective role in what might be a bilateral disease process.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia. s.wearing@qut.edu.au
authors.forename: Scott C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wearing
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Smeathers
authors.forename: Bede
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Patrick M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Urry
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dubois
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D036981:Fasciitis, Plantar / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods; D005528:Foot / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D008683:Metatarsophalangeal Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008875:Middle Aged; D014463:Ultrasonography