title: Modification of PI3K- and MAPK-dependent chemotaxis in aortic vascular smooth muscle cells by protein kinase CbetaII.
abstract: Hyperglycemia increases expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-beta receptor and potentiates chemotaxis to PDGF-BB in human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via PI3K and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms had a modulatory effect on the PI3K and ERK/MAPK pathways, control of cell adhesiveness, and movement. All known PKC isoforms were assessed but only PKCalpha and PKCbetaII levels were increased in 25 mmol/L glucose. However, only PKCbetaII inhibition affected (decreased) PI3K pathway and MAPK pathway activities and inhibited PDGF-beta receptor upregulation in raised glucose, and specific MAPK inhibition was required to completely block the effect of glucose. In raised glucose conditions, activity of the ERK/MAPK pathway, PI3K pathway, and PKCbetaII were all sensitive to aldose reductase inhibition. Chemotaxis to PDGF-BB (360 pmol/L), absent in 5 mmol/L glucose, was present in raised glucose and could be blocked by PKCbetaII inhibition. Formation of lamellipodia was dependent on PI3K activation and filopodia on MAPK activation; both lamellipodia and filopodia were eliminated when PKCbetaII was inhibited. FAK phosphorylation and cell adhesion were reduced by PI3K inhibition, and although MAPK inhibition prevented chemotaxis, it did not affect FAK phosphorylation or cell adhesiveness. In conclusion, chemotaxis to PDGF-BB in 25 mmol/L glucose is PKCbetaII-dependent and requires activation of both the PI3K and MAPK pathways. Changes in cell adhesion and migration speed are mediated mainly through the PI3K pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Rd, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK. malcolm.campbell@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Elisabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Trimble
mesh_terms: D001011:Aorta; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D022001:Focal Adhesions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000502:physiology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000187:drug effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000077214:Becaplermin; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D005947:Glucose; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013012:Sorbitol; C061570:protein kinase N; C496050:PTK2 protein, human