title: Hierarchical number estimation.
abstract: We investigated number estimation using dot patterns grouped by proximity into larger clusters. Participants estimated the number of dots and clusters in separate trials. Estimation was most accurate when the numbers of elements on both scales were the same. When the number of elements on the unattended scale was higher, overestimation occurred. Conversely, when the number of elements on the unattended scale was lower, underestimation occurred. In Experiment 2, response cues were blocked to reduce any tendency toward attending the irrelevant level. The results were essentially unchanged, indicating response confusion alone cannot account for the effect. The data support the existence of an opposite scale effect in which the number of elements at the unattended level influence the processing of number.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Manhattan College, Manhattan College Parkway, Riverdale, New York 10471, USA. Jay.Friedenberg@Manhattan.Edu
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Friedenberg
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Limratana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D013028:Space Perception; D014481:United States