title: Suramin as a chemosensitizer: oral pharmacokinetics in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine if the 10-50 microM plasma concentrations of suramin required to produce chemosensitization could be achieved by oral administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were given an oral dose of 100, 300, or 500 mg/kg unlabeled suramin by oral gavage. Rats receiving the 300 mg/kg oral dose of suramin also received a concomitant intravenous bolus injection of 50 microCi/kg of [3H]suramin, administered 57 min after the oral dose. The intravenous data were used to calculate the clearance. Serial plasma samples were collected over 24-336 h. Plasma concentration-time profiles were analyzed using noncompartmental and compartmental methods. The pharmacokinetic parameters derived for the 300 mg/kg oral and 50 microCi/kg intravenous doses were used to calculate the bioavailability and AUC at the three oral dose levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma concentrations declined biexponentially following intravenous administration, with a distribution half-life of approximately 2 h and an estimated terminal half-life of 276 h. Suramin absorption following oral gavage was variable and incomplete with mean maximal plasma concentrations of 9.04, 72.6, and 64.4 microg/ml at doses of 100, 300, and 500 mg/kg, respectively. Seven of 15 rats exhibited two peak plasma concentrations at approximately 1 h and 3 to 12 h, suggesting the existence of multiple absorption sites and/or enterohepatic circulation. Oral bioavailability, calculated using the clearance of the intravenous tracer dose, was <3% at all three dose levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While plasma concentrations resulting from the 300 and 500 mg/kg oral doses of suramin were in the concentration range required to produce chemosensitization, the low bioavailability limits the usefulness of oral administration.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogden
authors.forename: M Guillaume
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wientjes
authors.forename: Jessie L S
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Au
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013498:Suramin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013498:Suramin