title: Randomised controlled trial of conservative management of postnatal urinary and faecal incontinence: six year follow up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long term effects of a conservative nurse-led intervention for postnatal urinary incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community based intervention in three centres in the United Kingdom and New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  747 women with urinary incontinence at three months after childbirth, of whom 516 were followed up again at 6 years (69%).
  
  
  METHODS
  Active conservative treatment (pelvic floor muscle training and bladder training) at five, seven, and nine months after delivery or standard care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urinary and faecal incontinence, performance of pelvic floor muscle training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 2632 women with urinary incontinence, 747 participated in the original trial. The significant improvements relative to controls in urinary (60% v 69%) and faecal (4% v 11%) incontinence at one year were not found at six year follow up (76% v 79% (95% confidence interval for difference in means -10.2% to 4.1%) for urinary incontinence, 12% v 13% (-6.4% to 5.1%) for faecal incontinence) irrespective of subsequent obstetric events. In the short term the intervention had motivated more women to perform pelvic floor muscle training (83% v 55%) but this fell to 50% in both groups in the long term. Both urinary and faecal incontinence increased in prevalence in both groups during the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The moderate short term benefits of a brief nurse-led conservative treatment of postnatal urinary incontinence may not persist, even among women with no further deliveries. About three quarters of women with urinary incontinence three months after childbirth still have this six years later.
authors.affiliation: Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen Medical School, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD. c.glazener@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: Cathryn M A
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Glazener
authors.forename: G Peter
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Herbison
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: MacArthur
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: P Don
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000451:nursing*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000451:nursing*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000451:nursing*