Dual injection capillary electrophoresis: foundations and applications.
The state of the art of capillary electrophoresis (CE) approaches based on dual injection is here reported. Dual injection strategies have been proposed with three main objectives: (i) to provide information about reaction kinetics and/or related parameters, (ii) to perform in-capillary derivatization for improving separation and/or determination, (iii) to develop electrophoretic methods for the simultaneous analysis of anionic and cationic compounds. For the first two purposes, dual injection, which involves sample and reagent, can be realized either from the same end of the capillary (electrophoretically mediated microanalysis, EMMA) or from the two ends of the capillary (electroinjection analysis, EIA). The third objective, with dual injection of sample from the two ends of the capillary, takes advantage of moving cationic and anionic compounds with opposite directions. The foundations of each alternative, conditions necessary for working with them, restrictions, applications as well as perspectives are reviewed in order to establish the advantages, shortcomings, and convenience or no of their use in comparison to conventional CE.
Priego-Capote
Feliciano
F
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Luque de Castro
Maria D
MD
D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D007287:Inorganic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000379:methods; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis
D007287:Inorganic Chemicals; D009930:Organic Chemicals