title: Effects of speech processing strategy on Chinese tone recognition by nucleus-24 cochlear implant users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of speech processing strategy on Chinese tone recognition by Nucleus-24 cochlear implant users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recognition of Chinese tones was measured with the spectral peak (SPEAK), advanced combination encoders (ACE), and continuous interleaved sampling (CIS) strategies in nine Nucleus-24 cochlear implant users. Recognition of Chinese sentences was also measured with the ACE strategy (1200 pulse-per-sec on each electrode). As the stimulation rate in the SPEAK processor is fixed at 250 pulses per sec per electrode (ppspe), only one stimulation rate was tested with the SPEAK processor. Three stimulation rates (900, 1200, and 1800 ppspe) were tested in the ACE processing conditions. Four stimulation rates (1200, 1800, 2400, and 3600 ppspe) were tested in the CIS processing conditions. Because the number of stimulating electrodes determines the stimulation rate in CIS processors, the number of electrodes was reduced from 12 to 8 to 6 to 4 to achieve stimulation rates of 1200, 1800, 2400, to 3600 pps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that mean Chinese tone recognition scores with the ACE and CIS strategies were significantly higher than those with the SPEAK strategy. For the ACE strategy, there was no significant difference in performance among the various stimulation rates (for the ACE processing conditions, the stimulation rate was varied while keeping the number of stimulating electrodes constant). For the CIS strategy, there was no significant difference among the various stimulation rates and electrode configurations (for the CIS processing conditions, the stimulation rate was varied by changing the number of stimulating electrodes). There was also a significant correlation between Chinese tone recognition and the recognition of everyday sentences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The latest-generation speech processing strategies were able to provide cochlear implant users with considerable amounts of tonal information. However, Chinese tone recognition was significantly affected by the choice in speech processing strategy. Relatively higher stimulation rates (>900 ppspe) may improve Chinese tone recognition. Furthermore, it may be necessary to develop speech processing strategies to specifically improve tone recognition, which is critical for understanding tonal languages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Auditory Implants and Perception, House Ear Institute, 2100 West Third Street, Los Angeles, CA 90057, USA.
authors.forename: Qian-Jie
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Chuan-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Mei-Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Horng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003638:Deafness / Q000628:therapy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013061:Speech Acoustics