title: Regulatory T cell suppression and anergy are differentially regulated by proinflammatory cytokines produced by TLR-activated dendritic cells.
abstract: CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are required for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance to certain self Ags. In this study, the requirements for murine Treg-suppressive activity and proliferation were examined in the context of the maturation of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). We find that the suppressive function of Tregs is critically dependent on immature DCs and is readily reversed by the maturation of DCs induced by GM-CSF, but does not require TLR activation of either DCs or Tregs. In contrast, reversal of Treg anergy is dependent on TLR activation of DCs, and involves the potentiation of Treg responsiveness to IL-2 by cooperative effects of IL-6 and IL-1, both of which are produced by TLR-activated, mature DCs. Thus, proinflammatory cytokines produced by TLR-activated, mature DCs are required for reversal of Treg anergy, but are not required to overcome Treg suppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA.
authors.forename: Takekazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Robin D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hatton
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: Xiaofen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Charles O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Elson
authors.forename: Casey T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Weaver
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D020297:Mice, Congenic; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007376:Interleukin-2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor