title: Trace metal partitioning in Thalassia testudinum and sediments in the Lower Laguna Madre, Texas.
abstract: Seagrass communities dominate the Laguna Madre, which accounts for 25% of the coastal region of Texas. Seagrasses are essential to the health of the Laguna Madre (LM) and have experienced an overall decline in coverage in the Lower Laguna Madre (LLM) since 1967. Little is known on the existing environmental status of the LLM. This study focuses on the trace metal chemistry of four micronutrient metals, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn, and two non-essential metals, Pb and As, in the globally important seagrass Thalassia testudinum. Seasonal trends show that concentrations of most essential trace metals increase in the tissue during the summer months. With the exception of (1) Cu in the vertical shoot and root, and (2) Mn in the roots, no significant positive correlation exists between the rhizosphere sediment and T. testudinum tissue. Iron indicates a negative correlation between the morphological units and the rhizosphere sediments. No other significant relationship was found between the sediments and the T. testudinum tissue. Mn was enriched up to 10-fold in the leaf tissue relative to the other morphological units and also enriched relative to the rhizosphere sediments. Both Cu and Mn appear to be enriched in leaf tissue compared to other morphological units and also enriched relative to the Cu and Mn in the rhizoshpere sediments. Sediments cores taken in barren areas were slightly elevated in Zn relative to the rhizosphere sediments, whereas no other metals showed statistical differences between barren sediment cores and rhizosphere sediments. However, no correlation was measured in T. testudinum tissue and Zn in rhizosphere sediments. Previous studies suggested that Fe/Mn ratios could indicate differences between seagrass environments. Our results indicate that there is an influence from the Rio Grande in the Fe/Mn signature in sediments, and that ratio is not reflected in the T. testudinum tissue. The results from this study show that the LLM contains trace metal concentrations less than or equal to values for uncontaminated locations worldwide. In addition, there appears to be a complex partitioning in the trace metals in the morphological units of T. testudinum tissue and that analysis only of the leaf may not be indicative of the trace metal levels in this important seagrass species.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Texas-Pan American, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA. twhelan3@panam.edu
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whelan
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Xiomara
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Villarreal
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cottagoma
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D031321:Hydrocharitaceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012621:Seasons; D013781:Texas; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical