title: Arthroscopic findings in chronic lateral ankle instability: do focal chondral lesions influence the results of ligament reconstruction?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are few studies that have assessed the influence of focal chondral lesions on the results of ligament reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Focal chondral lesions do not influence the results of ligament reconstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arthroscopic examination of the ankle was performed on 30 consecutive patients immediately before ligament reconstruction using the palmaris longus tendon. Clinical assessment was performed using the Karlsson scoring scale. A radiologic assessment was performed on stress radiographs of the ankle. Preoperative anteroposterior and lateral weightbearing radiographs of the ankle did not show any joint space narrowing in any ankle. The mean duration of follow-up was 38 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On arthroscopy, focal chondral lesions were found in 19 ankles (63%). Chondral lesions were located on the medial side of the tibial plafond in 13 ankles (43%), on the lateral side in 2 ankles (7%), on the lateral side of the talar dome in 3 ankles (10%), and on the medial side in 9 ankles (30%). Postoperative mean Karlsson scores in patients without chondral lesions and in those with chondral lesions were 99.1 and 98.4 points, respectively. Postoperative mean talar tilt angles in patients without chondral lesions and in those with chondral lesions were 5.9 degrees and 4.7 degrees , respectively. There were no significant differences in the clinical and radiologic results between patients with chondral lesions and those without chondral lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reconstruction of the lateral ligament can be successful regardless of the presence of focal chondral lesions in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability when preoperative weightbearing radiographs of the ankle do not show any joint space narrowing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan. ort071@poh.osaka-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ryuzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Toshito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Muneaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D001265:Athletic Injuries; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013180:Sprains and Strains; D016896:Treatment Outcome