title: [The misdiagnosis of testicular torsion (a report of 113 cases)].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the diagnosis and treatment of testicular torsion (or spermatic cord torsion), and reduce its misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirteen misdiagnosed clinical cases of testicular torsion from 1994 to 2004 were reviewed and analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The error rate of initial diagnosis was 84.3%, among which 81 cases (71.7%) were misdiagnosed as acute epididymitis or testis, 10 (8.8%) as hydrocele of the tunica vaginalis, and 7 (6.2%) as acute enteritis. The lengths of time between the income and diagnosis of the disease varied from 2 hours to 2 months, averaging 6.3 days. Hand replacement succeeded in 3 cases, surgical examination was carried out in 92, resection of the testis or epididymis was performed in 64, testis atrophy occurred in 26, and the total testis impairment rate was 79.6%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The key to the reduction of misdiagnosis is to improve the diagnostic methods, which can be achieved by the combined use of case history, physical signs and color ultrasonography. Surgical examination of the scrotum is the best option for both the diagnosis and the treatment of testicular torsion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the Peoples Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China. huanghunlang@shouhu.com
authors.forename: Dingyong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jinhua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Daqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Maochuan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Xinhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Linsen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009920:Orchitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000175:diagnosis*