title: The influence of venous thromboembolism on quality of life and severity of chronic venous disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is not known whether burden-of-illness differs in chronic venous disease patients with prior venous thromboembolism compared with patients with other forms of chronic venous disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare severity of disease and quality of life in chronic venous disease patients with and without prior venous thromboembolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  The VEINES Study population is an international cohort of 1531 outpatients with chronic venous disease in Belgium, France, Italy and Canada. Clinical severity of chronic venous disease graded using the seven-category 'CEAP' scale, and quality of life using standardized generic (SF-36) and venous disease-specific (VEINES-QOL/Sym) questionnaires were compared in patients with and without venous thromboembolism. Multivariable analyses with adjustment for known confounders were used to examine associations between venous thromboembolism and quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and fifty-one (10%) patients had prior venous thromboembolism. These patients had more severe chronic venous disease than those without venous thromboembolism (P <0.0001), including a higher frequency of healed or active ulcers (29% vs. 7%, respectively). Multivariable analyses controlling for age, sex, country, education, body mass index, years of chronic venous disease and comorbid conditions demonstrated that prior venous thromboembolism was an independent predictor of poorer generic quality of life (SF-36 Mental Component Summary score, P=0.047; SF-36 Physical Component Summary score, P=0.012) and venous disease-specific quality of life (VEINES-QOL, P = 0.0002; VEINES-Sym, P=0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disease severity is worse and quality of life poorer in chronic venous disease patients with prior venous thromboembolism compared with patients with other forms of chronic venous disease. Our findings support the need for further research of interventions to prevent and treat the long-term complications of venous thromboembolism.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Community Studies, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada. susan.kahn@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: M'Lan
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Lamping
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bérard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Abenhaim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000523:psychology*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*