title: Macrophage galactose-type C-type lectins as novel markers for alternatively activated macrophages elicited by parasitic infections and allergic airway inflammation.
abstract: Molecular markers, especially surface markers associated with type II, cytokine-dependent, alternatively activated macrophages (aaMF), remain scarce. Besides the earlier documented markers, macrophage mannose receptor and arginase 1, we demonstrated recently that murine aaMF are characterized by increased expression of found in inflammatory zone 1 (FIZZ1) and the secretory lectin Ym. We now document that expression of the two members of the mouse macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin gene family (mMGL1 and mMGL2) is induced in diverse populations of aaMF, including peritoneal macrophages elicited during infection with the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei brucei or the Helminth Taenia crassiceps and alveolar macrophages elicited in a mouse model of allergic asthma. In addition, we demonstrate that in vitro, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 up-regulate mMGL1 and mMGL2 expression and that in vivo, induction of mMGL1 and mMGL2 is dependent on IL-4 receptor signaling. Moreover, we show that expression of MGL on human monocytes is also up-regulated by IL-4. Hence, macrophage galactose-type C-type lectins represent novel surface markers for murine and human aaMF.
authors.affiliation: Vlaams Interuniversitair Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Building E, Level 8, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Geert.Raes@vub.ac.be
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raes
authors.forename: Lea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brys
authors.forename: Bhola K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Dahal
authors.forename: Jef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brandt
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grooten
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brombacher
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vanham
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Noël
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bogaert
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boonefaes
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kindt
authors.forename: Rafaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van den Bergh
authors.forename: Pieter J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Leenen
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Baetselier
authors.forename: Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ghassabeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001212:Asialoglycoproteins; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010272:Parasitic Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013621:Taenia / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001212:Asialoglycoproteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C064720:Clec10a protein, mouse; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; C464940:MGL2 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger