title: Case-control study of diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is more prevalent among patients with HIV infection. Besides protease inhibitors (PIs), other factors may contribute to the development of DM.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess characteristics associated with the development of DM in HIV-infected persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study in an urban HIV clinic among patients with incident DM (49 cases) matched to 2 controls (n = 98) on age +/-5 years, race, sex, and length of clinic follow-up. There was a second set of unmatched controls (n = 196).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with matched controls, case patients had higher mean body mass index (BMI; 30.0 vs. 25.3 kg/m, matched odds ratio [OR] = 1.20; P < 0.001), higher alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 66 vs. 44 U/L, OR = 1.12 per 10 U/L; P = 0.013), and stronger family history of DM (50% vs. 29%, OR = 3.30; P = 0.009). Hepatitic C virus coinfection and PI use were not significant factors. In unmatched controls, there was no significant difference in age, sex, or ethnicity. In multivariate analyses, BMI (OR = 1.13 per kg/m; P = 0.012), family history (OR = 5.55; P = 0.014), and ALT (OR = 1.16; P = 0.012) were associated with DM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest a complex interaction among genetic factors, body composition, and liver injury in the pathogenesis of DM in HIV-infected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10011, USA. cjy2001@nyp.org
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Roy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gulick
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Vaamonde
authors.forename: Marshall J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Glesby
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000410:Alanine Transaminase