title: Estimating the optimal utilization rates of radiotherapy for hematologic malignancies from a review of the evidence: part II-leukemia and myeloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to estimate the ideal proportion of new patients with leukemia and myeloma who should receive radiotherapy at some time during the course of their illness based on the best evidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Available evidence of the efficacy of radiotherapy in most clinical situations for leukemia and myeloma was identified through extensive literature reviews and treatment guideline searches. Epidemiologic data concerning the distribution of types, disease stages, and other factors that influence the use of radiotherapy were identified. Decision trees were constructed to merge the evidence-based recommendations with the epidemiological data to calculate the optimal proportion of patients who should receive radiotherapy according to the best available evidence. Actual radiotherapy utilization rates also were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportion of patients diagnosed with myeloma in Australia who should receive radiotherapy based on the evidence was 38%. There was wide variation in the proportion of patients who actually received radiotherapy for myeloma from 24% up to 55%. The recommended proportion of patients diagnosed with myeloma in Australia who, according to the best available evidence, should receive at least a single course of radiotherapy was 38%. The proportion of patients diagnosed in Australia with leukemia who should receive radiotherapy at some point in their management, according to the best available evidence, was calculated at 4%, which corresponded with actual practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research will be required to determine why more patients who are diagnosed with myeloma are not treated with radiotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Collaboration for Cancer Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Featherstone
authors.forename: Geoff
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Susannah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010380:Peer Review; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome