title: Medicinal use of Cochlospermum tinctorium in Mali Anti-ulcer-, radical scavenging- and immunomodulating activities of polymers in the aqueous extract of the roots.
abstract: Cochlospermum tinctorium A. Rich. (Cochlospermaceae) is a widely used medicinal plant in the West African country, Mali. An ethnopharmacological survey was conducted and 106 traditional practitioners interviewed. The roots were the part of the plant reported to be the most frequently used for medicinal purposes. The main indications were to treat jaundice (41), gastro intestinal diseases or ailments (28), malaria (12), schistosomiasis (10) and dysurea (6). A high-molecular weight water extract (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, body weight) significantly inhibited HCl/ethanol-induced gastric lesions in mice. The extract showed DPPH-radical scavenging- and immunomodulating activities in vitro. The main components of the extract were identified as polysaccharides (59.3%) and polyphenols (9.3%). The polysaccharides were purified and characterised as highly complex pectic arabinogalactans type II. As parts of the polyphenol compounds gallotannins and ferulic acids were identified. This study shows that the polysaccharides are partly responsible for the bioactivities observed in vitro. Both polysaccharides and polyphenols may be responsible for the anti-ulcer activities observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, PO Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. c.s.nergard@farmasi.uio.no
authors.forename: Cecilie Sogn
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Nergard
authors.forename: Drissa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inngjerdingen
authors.forename: Terje Einar
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Michaelsen
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kiyohara
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Berit Smestad
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Paulsen
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D031212:Bixaceae; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007565:Jaundice / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008302:Mali; D016488:Medicine, African Traditional; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012556:Schistosomicides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D000962:Antimalarials; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011108:Polymers; D059808:Polyphenols; D011134:Polysaccharides; D012556:Schistosomicides; D014867:Water