title: An investigation of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants on embryonic development in cultured rat embryos.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have investigated the toxic and teratogenic effects of certain non-depolarizing muscle relaxants on embryonic development in cultured rat embryos.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat embryos of 9.5 days were explanted and cultured in vitro for 48 h in rat serum. Whole rat serum was used as a culture medium for the control group while different concentrations of atracurium, cis-atracurium, rocuronium and mivacurium were added to rat serum for the experimental groups. Dose-dependent effects of these agents on embryonic developmental parameters were compared using morphological and biochemical methods. Each embryo was evaluated for the presence of any malformations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to the control embryos, the muscle relaxants significantly decreased all growth and developmental parameters dose dependently with an increase in overall dismorphology. Among these malformations, maxillary deformity was most frequently observed. These effects were observed in much lower doses with atracurium and cis-atracurium compared to those with rocuronium and mivacurium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that non-depolarizing muscle relaxants cause dose-dependent toxicity on rat embryos at concentrations much greater than those in clinical practice. Although, these agents seems to have a low potential for causing developmental toxicity during organogenesis, because of the lower toxic effects observed with rocuronium and mivacurium, these agents may be preferred when recurrent administrations are necessary for parturients.
authors.affiliation: Selcuk University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Konya, Turkey. akkarabulut@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reisli
authors.forename: I I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziylan
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000196:embryology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000732:Androstanols / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001279:Atracurium / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity; D003470:Culture Media; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000187:drug effects*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000633:toxicity; D000077590:Mivacurium; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077123:Rocuronium
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D003470:Culture Media; D007546:Isoquinolines; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D001279:Atracurium; D000077590:Mivacurium; C101584:cisatracurium; D000077123:Rocuronium