Percutaneous approaches to renal cryoablation.
Minimally invasive approaches to small renal tumors continue to evolve. Cryotherapy is an attractive modality in that it can be delivered in a number of different ways, including laparoscopically and percutaneously. This article addresses the current state of percutaneous approaches to renal masses.
Lee
David I
DI
Department of Urology, University of California-Irvine Medical Center Orange, California 92868, USA.
Clayman
Ralph V
RV
D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods