title: A randomised controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of glass ionomer sealants in pre-school children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Caries levels in pre-school children remain high in some areas of the UK. Studies of glass ionomer fissure sealants show their potential for caries prevention in permanent teeth, but their use in primary teeth has not been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a glass ionomer fissure sealant placed on primary molars in pre-school children at high risk of developing dental caries can decrease the incidence of dental caries.
  
  
  METHODS
  508 children aged 18-30 months from high caries areas of South Wales with caries-free first primary molars were recruited to the trial after informed consent.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a placebo-controlled individual randomised controlled trial (RCT). All children (n = 508) received a standard package of dental health education. Children in the test group (n = 241) had their first primary molars sealed with glass ionomer. All the children were re-examined once at varying intervals between 12 and 30 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of the caries data revealed no significant difference between test and control groups for any of the parameters examined. Examination of the confidence intervals showed no indication that there might be a difference even if the sample size had been increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no evidence that the intervention as used in this population had any effect on caries incidence and it cannot be recommended as a clinical procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Health and Biological Sciences, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XY, UK. Chadwickb1@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Treasure
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Playle
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D005260:Female; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015995:Prevalence; D014094:Tooth, Deciduous; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants