title: Combined epinephrine and bipolar probe coagulation vs. bipolar probe coagulation alone for bleeding peptic ulcer: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic treatment with combined modalities is considered standard of care for patients with high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding. This study compared epinephrine injection plus bipolar probe coagulation with bipolar probe coagulation alone in patients with high-risk peptic ulcer bleeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with endoscopically confirmed peptic ulcer bleeding (active or visible vessel) seen from January 2000 through December 2002 were prospectively randomized to two groups. The study group (n = 58) had epinephrine injection followed by bipolar coagulation; the control group (n = 56) was treated by bipolar coagulation alone. The primary outcomes assessed were the rate of initial hemostasis and the rate of recurrent bleeding. Secondary outcomes were the following: need for surgical intervention to control bleeding, transfusion requirements, length of hospital stay (in days), and 30-day mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of initial hemostasis was significantly higher in the combination therapy group ( p = 0.02; absolute risk reduction 31.6%: 95% CI [5.4, 57.7]). There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups with respect to all other outcomes measures, except that significantly fewer units of blood were transfused in the combination therapy group ( p = 0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with active peptic ulcer bleeding, epinephrine injection plus bipolar coagulation achieved significantly higher rate of initial hemostasis. All other outcome measures were similar with either treatment in patients with non-bleeding stigmata.
authors.affiliation: U.O.C. di Gastroenterologia, Ospedale Maresca, Torre del Greco, Italy.
authors.forename: Maria Antonia
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rotondano
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marmo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piscopo
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Orsini
authors.forename: Livio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cipolletta
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine