title: What we know and what we still need to learn.
abstract: Research has changed the conceptualization of the causes and consequences of violence. Yet some questions remain unanswered. Infants and young children have largely been overlooked, and intraethnic and cultural group variations have not been addressed. There is still a need to address macro-level systematic discrimination in the health care system along with the intrapersonal physiological changes that result from exposure to violence. Fortunately, studies are beginning to show how longitudinal and intervention research can be safely conducted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.forename: Phyllis W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sharps
authors.forename: Jacquelyn C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D018585:Battered Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002669:Child Welfare; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000458:organization & administration; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards; D012307:Risk Factors; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States; D016387:Women's Health