title: Ectopic expression of Par-4 leads to induction of apoptosis in CNS tumor cell lines.
abstract: Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a pro-apoptotic protein originally identified as a gene product upregulated in prostate tumor cells undergoing apoptosis. Down-regulation of Par-4 has been linked to several cancers. Since Par-4 also plays a crucial role in neuronal apoptosis, we investigated the expression of Par-4 in tumor cell lines derived from representative tumor types of the CNS, including primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma and glioma of human, rat and murine origin. We show that Par-4 is frequently down-regulated, either transcriptionally or post-transcriptionally in the CNS tumor cell lines. Moreover, we demonstrate that ectopic expression of Par-4 is sufficient to directly induce apoptosis in these CNS tumor cells, in contrast to other cancer cells where replenishment of Par-4 levels only sensitizes the cells to apoptotic stimuli. Induction of apoptosis by Par-4 in the neural tumor cell lines is independent of endogenous Bcl-2 levels and PKCzeta activity, although it has been proposed that Par-4 can exert its pro-apoptotic function by down-modulation of Bcl2 expression and inhibition of PKCzeta. Co-expression of Par-4 and a dominant-negative mutant of FADD resulted in a slight reduction of apoptosis in some tumor cell lines, indicating that Par-4 may partially induce apoptosis via the Fas death pathway. Furthermore, these data suggested that the pro-apoptotic function of Par-4 involves (an)other yet unidentified apoptotic pathway(s) in the CNS tumor cell lines. Since Par-4 by itself is not sufficient to induce apoptosis in non-tumor cells, reintroduction of Par-4 into primary CNS tumors or reactivation of the pathways of Par-4-mediated apoptosis represent promising targets in anti-tumor therapy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, D-53117 Bonn, Germany.
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vetterkind
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boosen
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Scheidtmann
authors.forename: Ute
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Preuss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015870:Gene Expression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C101296:prostate apoptosis response-4 protein