title: Cologne high-dose sequential chemotherapy in relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: results of a large multicenter study of the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group (GHSG).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We designed a dose- and time-intensified high-dose sequential chemotherapy regimen for patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligibility criteria included age 18-65 years, histologically proven primary progressive (PD) or relapsed HD. Treatment consisted of two cycles DHAP (dexamethasone, high-dose cytarabine, cisplatinum); patients with chemosensitive disease received cyclophosphamide followed by peripheral blood stem cell harvest; methotrexate plus vincristine, etoposide and BEAM plus peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 102 patients (median age 34 years, range 18-64) were enrolled. The response rate was 80% (72% complete response, 8% partial response). With a median follow-up of 30 months (range 3-61 months), freedom from second failure (FF2F) and overall survival (OS) were 59% and 78% for all patients, respectively. FF2F and OS for patients with early relapse were 62% and 81%, for late relapse 65% and 81%; for PD 41% and 48%, and for multiple relapse 39% and 48%, respectively. In multivariate analysis response after DHAP (P <0.0001) and duration of first remission (PD and multiple relapse versus early and late relapse; P=0.0127) were prognostic factors for FF2F. Response after DHAP (P <0.0081), duration of first remission (P=0.0017) and anemia (P=0.019) were significant for OS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the promising results of this study, a prospective randomized European intergroup study was started comparing this intensified regimen with two courses of DHAP followed by BEAM (HD-R2 protocol).
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Germany. andreas.josting@uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Josting
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mapara
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Glossmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sieniawski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sienawski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sieber
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dörken
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hossfeld
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kisro
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Metzner
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Berdel
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002330:Carmustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D036102:Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003561:Cytarabine; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D003907:Dexamethasone; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin; D008558:Melphalan; D002330:Carmustine; D008727:Methotrexate