title: Total and ionized serum magnesium in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the alterations in total serum magnesium (tsMg) and ionized serum magnesium (Mg(2+)) and their association with prognosis in critically ill patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, cohort study in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a university teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients admitted to the ICU without previous factors influencing magnesium homeostasis were included during a 6-month period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred forty four patients were included. Mean age was 60.6+/-15.4 years; mean APACHE II score was 12.6+/-6.9. Blood samples were collected in the first 24 h after ICU admission and again on the second, third, and last days of stay in the ICU. At ICU admission 52.5% had total hypomagnesemia and 13.5% total hypermagnesemia; with respect to the Mg(2+) 9.7% showed ionized hypomagnesemia and 23.6% ionized hypermagnesemia. Patients who developed ionized hypermagnesemia had higher mortality than patients without ionized hypermagnesemia development (P=0.04). A moderate correlation between tsMg and Mg(2+) concentrations was found; however, a number of patients with total hypomagnesemia (69-85% during the study) had ionized normomagnesemia. The measure of agreement between tsMg and Mg(2+) levels was poor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Magnesium alterations are frequently found in critically ill patients. The usually determined tsMg levels are not a reflection of Mg(2+) levels. Development of ionized hypermagnesemia is associated with prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: Maria Paz
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Escuela
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guerra
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Añón
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martínez-Vizcaíno
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Zapatero
authors.forename: Angel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Jalón
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Celaya
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D008274:Magnesium