title: Influence of the type of undertrousers and physical activity on scrotal temperature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Testicular temperature correlates highly with scrotal temperature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the type of undertrousers on scrotal temperature during standardized periods of sitting and walking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty volunteers without a history of infertility and normal andrological examination were included for scrotal temperature evaluation. Temperatures were measured every minute with a portable data recorder connected with two thermistor temperature sensors, which were attached on either side of the scrotum. Ambient temperature in the study room was adjusted to 20 degrees C throughout the whole experiment. All volunteers started the experiment at the same time of day. Clothing of the volunteers consisted of standardized cotton wool trousers and shirts fitting to body size. Each volunteer performed six periods of 45 min, either walking on a treadmill (3.0 km/h) or sitting, and wearing in a standardized and randomized manner either tight, loose fitting or no undertrousers respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The following interactions were demonstrated by means of multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measurements: scrotal temperatures were significantly higher for tight versus loose fitting versus absent undertrousers. Furthermore, significantly lower scrotal temperatures were identified for walking versus sitting as well as for the right versus the left scrotal side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study suggests that wearing tight fitting undertrousers is associated with higher scrotal and consequently testicular temperatures than wearing loose fitting undertrousers or none.
authors.affiliation: Center of Dermatology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany. Andreas.Jung@derma.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leonhardt
authors.forename: W-B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Schill
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schuppe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D003020:Clothing; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D012146:Rest; D012611:Scrotum / Q000502:physiology*; D013737:Testis / Q000502:physiology*; D016138:Walking