title: Psychosocial situations, quality of depression and schizophrenia in adolescents.
abstract: The relationships between acute life events and type of depression were evaluated among inpatient adolescents with schizophrenia. Forty-two adolescent inpatients were assessed, 25 with schizophrenia and 17 with personality disorder. Acute life events and other psychosocial situations were identified with the ICD-10 Axis V semistructured interviews. The Depression Equivalent Questionnaire for Adolescents (DEQ-A) and the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) were used to measure quality and severity of depression. In the patients with schizophrenia, psychosocial situations were related to the anaclitic type of depression, whereas in the subjects with personality disorder, they were highly correlated with introjective depression. In the schizophrenic group, the psychosocial situations related to depression were of a more intrapersonal nature and, in the personality-disordered group, they were more interpersonal. Environmental factors play an important role in the course of schizophrenia in adolescents and should remain a focus of study. Object relations theory may be of heuristic value in the investigation of these factors.
authors.affiliation: Adolescent Inpatient Unit, Geha Psychiatric Hospital, Petah Tiqva, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. zalsman@neuron.cpmc.colombia.edu
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zalsman
authors.forename: Shay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Posmanik
authors.forename: Tzvi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fischel
authors.forename: Netta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Horesh
authors.forename: Doron
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gothelf
authors.forename: Gilad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gal
authors.forename: Avi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sadeh
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weizman
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Apter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011584:Psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012931:Social Environment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires