title: Beta oxidation in the brain is required for the effects of non-esterified fatty acids on glucose-induced insulin secretion in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  NEFA play a key role in the setting of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia, which are both features of the prediabetic state. In addition to the direct effects on pancreas and peripheral tissues, NEFA have been reported to act via changes in autonomic nervous system activity. The present study was aimed at studying the effects of a local increase in NEFA in the brain on glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS) and on insulin action. We hypothesised that cerebral NEFA beta oxidation is a prerequisite for these central effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were infused with Intralipid/heparin for 24 h through the carotid artery towards the brain (IL rats), after which we performed the GIIS test, a euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp and c-fos immunochemistry. In another series of experiments, Intralipid/heparin infusion was coupled with lateral ventricular infusion of etomoxir, a CPT1 inhibitor, which was initiated 5 days previously.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the infusion period, there were no changes in plasma NEFA, insulin or glucose concentrations. IL rats displayed an increased GIIS compared with control rats (C rats) infused with saline/heparin, and their liver insulin sensitivity was decreased. Furthermore, lipid infusion induced a significant decrease in c-fos-like immunoreactive neurons in medial hypothalamic nuclei, and an increase in lateral hypothalamus. Neuronal activation profile was almost normalised in IL rats infused with etomoxir, and GIIS was strongly decreased, possibly because of the concomitant normalisation of hepatic glucose output.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results strongly suggest that beta oxidation is required for the central effects of NEFA on GIIS.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of the Physiopathology of Nutrition, Université Paris 7, CNRS UMR 7059, 2, place Jussieu, case 7126, 75251 Paris cedex 05, France. cruciani@paris7.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cruciani-Guglielmacci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hervalet
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Douared
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ktorza
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Magnan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007700:Kinetics; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D005947:Glucose