title: Could one of the most widely prescribed antibiotics amoxicillin/clavulanate "augmentin" be a risk factor for autism?
abstract: Autism is an ever increasing problem in the United States. Characterized by multiple deficits in the areas of communication, development, and behavior; autistic children are found in every community in this country and abroad. Recent findings point to a significant increase in autism which can not be accounted for by means such as misclassification. The state of California recently reported a 273% increase in the number of cases between 1987 and 1998. Many possible causes have been proposed which range from genetics to environment, with a combination of the two most likely. Since the introduction of clavulanate/amoxicillin in the 1980s there has been the increase in numbers of cases of autism. In this study 206 children under the age of three years with autism were screened by means of a detailed case history. A significant commonality was discerned and that being the level of chronic otitis media. These children were found to have a mean number 9.96 bouts of otitis media (with a standard error of the mean of +/-1.83). This represents a sum total for all 206 children of 2052 bouts of otitis media. These children received a mean number of 12.04 courses of antibiotics (standard error of the mean of +/-.125). The sum total number of courses of antibiotics given to all 206 children was 2480. Of those 893 courses were Augmentin. with 362 of these Augmentin courses administered under the age of one year. A proposed mechanism whereby the production of clavulanate may yield high levels of urea/ammonia in the child is presented. Further an examination of this mechanism needs to be undertaken to determine if a subset of children are at risk for neurotoxicity from the use of clavulanic acid in pharmaceutical preparations.
authors.affiliation: joanfallon@aol.com
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fallon
mesh_terms: D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000209:etiology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014508:Urea / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D014508:Urea