title: Activating mutations of the noonan syndrome-associated SHP2/PTPN11 gene in human solid tumors and adult acute myelogenous leukemia.
abstract: The SH2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11 (Shp2) is required for normal development and is an essential component of signaling pathways initiated by growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix. In many of these pathways, Shp2 acts upstream of Ras. About 50% of patients with Noonan syndrome have germ-line PTPN11 gain of function mutations. Associations between Noonan syndrome and an increased risk of some malignancies, notably leukemia and neuroblastoma, have been reported, and recent data indicate that somatic PTPN11 mutations occur in children with sporadic juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, myelodysplasic syndrome, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia patients without PTPN11 mutations have either homozygotic NF-1 deletion or activating RAS mutations. Given the role of Shp2 in Ras activation and the frequent mutation of RAS in human tumors, these data raise the possibility that PTPN11 mutations play a broader role in cancer. We asked whether PTPN11 mutations occur in other malignancies in which activating RAS mutations occur at low but significant frequency. Sequencing of PTPN11 from 13 different human neoplasms including breast, lung, gastric, and neuroblastoma tumors and adult AML and acute lymphoblastic leukemia revealed 11 missense mutations. Five are known mutations predicted to result in an activated form of Shp2, whereas six are new mutations. Biochemical analysis confirmed that several of the new mutations result in increased Shp2 activity. Our data demonstrate that mutations in PTPN11 occur at low frequency in several human cancers, especially neuroblastoma and AML, and suggest that Shp2 may be a novel target for antineoplastic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Biology Program, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. mbentire@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Mohamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bentires-Alj
authors.forename: J Guillermo
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Paez
authors.forename: Frank S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Keilhack
authors.forename: Balazs
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Halmos
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naoki
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Maris
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bardelli
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sugarbaker
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Jinyan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Girard
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Minna
authors.forename: Mignon L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Victor E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Velculescu
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vogelstein
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyerson
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Sellers
authors.forename: Benjamin G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Neel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D009634:Noonan Syndrome / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D054593:SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D054593:SH2 Domain-Containing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases