title: Liver cirrhosis and metabolism (sugar, protein, fat and trace elements).
abstract: The metabolism of various nutrients in the liver indicates the presence and severity of liver disorder, and can also reveal suitable nutritional treatment strategies. This paper overviews liver cirrhosis, investigates nutritional therapy and the role of malnutrition in patients with liver disease, and analyzes metabolism in the diseased liver of amino acids (BCAA etc.), carbohydrates and fats, with special attention to the metabolism of trace elements for diagnostic, surveillance and treatment. Trace elements play an essential role in maintaining vital functions, and excess or deficiency leads to metabolic disorders. To investigate the effect of trace element concentrations in liver disorders, we conducted tests comparing the concentrations of trace elements among patients at various stages of liver cirrhosis, and found a significant correlation between trace element metabolism and disease presence and progression. There is also a correlation between serum trace element concentrations and metalloprotein concentrations in the body, imbalances in which play a role in liver disease. Excess or deficiency can be rectified for improvement of liver disease. Because trace element concentrations are markers of oxidative stress levels in the liver, analysis of the concentrations can also be used for diagnosis of liver disease as well as indicating the effectiveness of antioxidant therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Kamimachi, Ohtaniguichi Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Mitsuhiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arakawa