title: Characterization of the adducts formed in the reactions of glycidamide with thymidine and cytidine.
abstract: Glycidamide (GA) is a mutagenic epoxide metabolite of acrylamide (AM), a high production chemical with many industrial uses. Moreover, recent findings have shown that AM is formed in starchy foods cooked at high temperatures. This has refocused the attention on this chemical and its metabolite and on their possible mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, we have reacted GA with cytidine and thymidine in aqueous-buffered solutions. The adducts from the nucleosides have been isolated by reversed phase HPLC and characterized by their UV absorbance and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric features. The reaction with thymidine yielded one adduct, N3-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)thymidine (N3-GA-dThd), while the reaction with cytidine yielded three adducts. Two adducts were identified as a diastereomeric pair of N3-(2-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl)cytidine (N3-GA-Cyd-1 and N3-GA-Cyd-2). The third adduct from the cytidine reaction was identified as N3-(2-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl)uridine (N3-GA-Urd).
authors.affiliation: Department of Organic Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, FIN-20500 Turku/Abo, Finland.
authors.forename: Josefin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Backman
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sjöholm
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kronberg
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003562:Cytidine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013936:Thymidine / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018736:DNA Adducts; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D009153:Mutagens; D003562:Cytidine; C071834:glycidamide; D013936:Thymidine