title: PCR-based detection of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in urine of HIV-infected and uninfected pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Burkina Faso.
abstract: To evaluate a one-tube nested PCR-based analysis of urine for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, a prospective analysis of urine samples from HIV- and non-HIV-infected adults with PTB and EPTB (case patients) and with pathology other than tuberculosis (TB) (control patients) was performed. Three groups of patients were classified as microbiological-positive and -negative PTB and EPTB on the basis of clinical signs and microbiological results. Urine from patients was analysed using the DNA extraction and Sechi's methods, both modified, for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. The sensitivity of the test for the microbiological-positive PTB, microbiological-negative PTB and EPTB was 40.5 % (88/217), 66.7 % (20/30) and 57.1 % (48/84), respectively. The specificity was 98.2 %. Differences were observed in the two populations infected and not infected by HIV. This method is not appropriate for detection of new TB cases in the routine laboratory, but it can be useful for cases where the clinical and bacteriological diagnosis of TB is not conclusive.
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torrea
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van de Perre
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ouedraogo
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zougba
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sawadogo
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Benoït
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dingtoumda
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Boukari
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Marie Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Defer
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Issiaka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sombié
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zanetti
authors.affiliation: Mycobacteriology Laboratory1 and Biological Analysis Laboratory8, ''Centre Muraz'', Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 2Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, ''Arnaud de Villeneuve'' University Hospital, Montpellier, France 3Pneumology Unit, ''Yalgado Ouedraogo'' National Hospital, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 4,5Pneumology Unit4 and Internal Medicine Unit5, ''Sanou Sourou'' National Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 6Tuberculosis National Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso 7Tuberculosis Regional Centre, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso 9Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Sassari's University, Sassari, Italy.
authors.forename: Leonardo A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sechi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002050:Burkina Faso; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D014556:Urine / Q000382:microbiology*