title: DNA damage, c-myc suppression and apoptosis induced by the novel topoisomerase II inhibitor, salvicine, in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells.
abstract: Salvicine, a diterpenoid quinone compound, possesses potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. Salvicine is a novel non-intercalative topoisomerase II poison. In this study salvicine induced evident DNA damage, which was further characterized as double-strand breaks mainly in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. The degree of damage was highly correlated with growth inhibition of MCF-7. Using a PCR-stop assay we demonstrated that this damage was selective. Preferential damage occurred in the p2 promoter region, but not the 3'-end of the protooncogene c-myc. The expression of oncogenes, such as c-myc and c-jun, was additionally investigated. Salvicine induced a dose-dependent decrease in c-myc gene transcription, concomitant with an increase in c-jun expression. Furthermore, reverse-transcription PCR and Western blotting data revealed that salvicine failed to stimulate the mRNA and protein levels of p53 and its downstream targets p21 and bax. The phosphorylation degree of serine 15 of p53, which is thought to be an active form of p53 in response to cellular DNA damage, remained in a steady state. In view of these results, we propose that the downregulation of c-myc resulting from selective damage plays a role in apoptosis signaling. Moreover, salvicine-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 subsequent to DNA damage seems to be mediated through a p53-independent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hua-Rui
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ling-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ze-Hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002455:Cell Division; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016259:Genes, myc; D006801:Humans; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009285:Naphthoquinones; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C122096:salvicine