title: Self management of oral anticoagulation with the IN Ratio system: impact of a structured teaching program on patient's knowledge of medical background and procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self management of oral anticoagulation (OAC) decreases complication rates and improves quality of life. Manual and cognitive abilities of patients and patient training in a structured format are a precondition for this concept. Up to now, there is no evidence about knowledge increase from teaching programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-six patients (mean age, 57.4 years, 71% male) who started long-term OAC were included in the prospective multi-center study at three teaching centers representing different populations of anticoagulation patients: a department of cardiovascular surgery, an inpatient rehabilitation center and an anticoagulation clinic. The patients were trained in a structured education program for two days. For the evaluation, the patients performed standardized tests including 16 questions prior to start (T0), after each training unit (T1/T2) and 6 weeks later (T3). The primary endpoint was the percentage of > or =75% of patients who could answer > or =50% of questions correctly at T3. Secondary endpoints were the overall and item-specific percentages of correct answers at the end of each training unit (T1, T2) and at T3. In addition, the teaching program was rated by the patients on a six-point rating scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-four out of 76 patients gave at least 50% correct answers at T3 (97.4%; 95% confidence interval, 90.8-99.7%). The average rates of correct answers developed from 40% (T0), 86% (T1), 94% (T2) to 96% (T3). The greatest increase of knowledge was observed with blood components, interpretation of International Normalized Ratio (INR) value, and the interaction of anticoagulation with other variables (e.g. drugs or infection). Patients rated the teaching program between 1 (best rating) and 2 at all time points. At T3, the patients reported less fear of complications and less limitations in their daily life than in earlier evaluations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The structured training program INRatio appears to be an appropriate instrument for instruction of INR self management. In comparison with baseline knowledge, the percentage of correctly answered questions was twice as high directly after the end of training and remained at a high level of >90% for at least 6 weeks.
authors.affiliation: Klinik am See, Department for Cardiology, North Rhine Westphalia, Germany. heinz.voeller@klinikamsee.com
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Völler
authors.forename: Clemens
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dovifat
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Glatz
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Körtke
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Taborski
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wegscheider
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants