title: Protective effect of fermented red ginseng on a transient focal ischemic rats.
abstract: Red ginseng and fermented red ginseng were prepared, and their composition of ginsenosides and antiischemic effect were investigated. When ginseng was steamed at 98-100 degrees C for 4 h and dried for 5 h at 60 degrees C, and extracted with alcohol, its main components were ginsenoside Rg3> ginsenoside Rb1 > ginsenoside Rb2. When the ginseng was suspended in water and fermented for 5 days by previously cultured Bifidobacterium H-1 and freeze-dried (fermented red ginseng), its main components were compound K > ginsenoside Rg3 > or = ginsenoside Rh2. Orally administered red ginseng extract did not protect ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. However, fermented red ginseng significantly protected ischemica-reperfusion brain injury. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rh2 and compound K, which was found to be at a higher content in fermented red ginseng than red ginseng, may improve ischemic brain injury.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Kyung Hee University, 1, Hoegi, Dongdaemun-ku, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Ah
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Yang-Jin
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Min-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Jin Kyung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jong Hoon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Dong-Hyun
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005285:Fermentation; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D015232:Dinoprostone