title: Spirohydantoin derivatives of thiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-4(4H)-one as potent in vitro and in vivo aldose reductase inhibitors.
abstract: The 2,3-dihydrospiro[4H-thiopyrano[2,3-b]pyridin-4,4'-imidazolidine]-2',5'-dione 3 and its 7-methyl analogue 4 were synthesized and tested for their ability to inhibit aldose reductase (ALR2). To expand the structure-activity relationships, the sulfone 5 and the acetic acid derivative 7 were also prepared and tested. Compounds 3 and 4 proved to be potent ALR2 inhibitors, with IC50 values in the submicromolar range (0.96 and 0.94 microM, respectively) similar to that of sorbinil (0.65 microM). Moreover, compound 3 was found to be highly potent in preventing cataract development in severely galactosemic rats, like tolrestat, when administered as an eyedrop solution. Docking simulations of both R- and S-isomers of 3 into the ALR2 crystal structure were carried out to guide, prospectively, the design of new analogues.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy. fsettimo@farm.unipi.it
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Da Settimo
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Primofiore
authors.forename: Concettina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: La Motta
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Novellino
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Greco
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lavecchia
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Laneri
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boldrini
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D000818:Animals; D002386:Cataract / Q000517:prevention & control; D006827:Hydantoins / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology; D007908:Lens, Crystalline / Q000201:enzymology; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011485:Protein Binding; D011728:Pyridones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D006827:Hydantoins; D011728:Pyridones; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase