title: Living-related donor renal transplantation in HIV+ recipients using alemtuzumab preconditioning and steroid-free tacrolimus monotherapy: a single center preliminary experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is an increasing problem in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has decreased the morbidity associated with HIV and has prompted renewed interest in renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed four cases of deceased donor renal transplantation in HIV+ recipients and three cases where laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy (LLDN) was utilized to obtain the kidney for transplantation into living-related HIV+ recipients. In the four deceased donor cases, conventional tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, without antibody induction was used. In the three living-related cases, the immunosuppressive regimen was based on two principles: recipient pretreatment and minimal posttransplant immunosuppression. Alemtuzumab 30 mg (Campath 1-H) was used for preconditioning followed by low-dose tacrolimus monotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the four deceased donor cases, one patient continues to have good graft function, and another is not yet on dialysis but has significant graft dysfunction. Rejection was observed in three patients (75%). Infectious complications occurred in one patient (25%), all non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDs) defining. In the three living-related cases, all had good graft function, and none have experienced acute rejection. HIV viral loads remain undetectable. CD4 counts are slowly recovering. No infectious or surgical complications occurred. There were no deaths in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that living-related donor renal transplantation with steroid-free tacrolimus monotherapy in a "tolerogenic" regimen can be efficacious. However, long-term follow-up is needed to confirm this observation.
authors.affiliation: The Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC Montefiore, Suite NE 758.1, 3459 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. tanhp@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Henkie P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kaczorowski
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Akhtar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.forename: Amadeo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Starzl
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D016559:Tacrolimus