title: The TGF-beta 1 gene codon 10 polymorphism contributes to the genetic predisposition to nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesize that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a multifunctional growth factor which plays a key role in the development of tissue fibrosis, may be involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. Our aim was to examine three polymorphisms within the TGF-beta 1 gene, in codons 10, 25 and 263, for association with nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a large case-control study using cases with Type 1 diabetes and clinical nephropathy. Controls were Type 1 diabetic subjects who have been injecting insulin for at least 50 years and have extremely low risk of nephropathy. Genotyping was by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in the frequency of the TGF-beta 1 codon 10 genotypes in the diabetic nephropathy group (n = 420) when compared with the controls (n = 410, P = 0.007). There were no significant differences when the frequencies of the TGF-beta1 codons 25 and 263 genotypes in the diabetic nephropathy group were compared with the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study the TGF-beta 1 codon 10 polymorphism is associated with nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes and variation in this gene may contribute to the genetic predisposition to this complication in Type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, UK. ashpat100@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lympany
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Rippin
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bain
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1