title: Natriuretic peptides and the prevalence of congestive heart failure in patients with pacemakers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of natriuretic cardiac peptide measurement in the context of left ventricular dysfunction and comorbidities in a pacemaker population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five consecutive patients with pacemakers were included in the study. All patients underwent echocardiography and were asked to complete the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide (N-ANP) and atrial natriuretic peptide levels in plasma were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six percent of patients had reduced systolic left ventricular function; only 16 patients had a history of congestive heart failure. BNP was abnormally elevated in 64%, N-BNP in 72% and N-ANP in 96% of patients. Both BNP (r = 0.30; P < 0.01) and N-ANP (r = 0.39; P < 0.0005) correlated with MLHFQ. The strongest correlation was found between N-ANP and the ejection fraction (r = 0.6; P < 0.0001). Patients were stratified in a high-risk group and a low risk-group according to their N-ANP (N-ANP > 5000 fmol L(-1); n = 63 and N-ANP < 5000 fmol L(-1), n = 32) and BNP levels (BNP > 400 pg mL(-1); n = 17 and BNP < 400 pg mL(-1), n = 78). N-ANP was correlated with hypertension (P < 0.003) and atrial fibrillation (P < 0.03), and BNP with mitral insufficiency (P < 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac natriuretic peptides are markedly elevated in the majority of patients with pacemakers. The prognostic significance of BNP and N-ANP in left ventricular dysfunction warrants close follow-up schedules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. marianne.gwechenberger@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gwechenberger
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huelsmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonderman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stanek
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rauscha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pacher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides / Q000097:blood*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C099254:N-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide; D045265:Natriuretic Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor