title: Racial disparity in primary and adjuvant treatment for nonmetastatic prostate cancer: SEER-Medicare trends 1991 to 1999.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess trends in the initial care of nonmetastatic prostate cancer, including the use of primary and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), using population-based treatment claims from 1991 to 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a database linking the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry with Medicare claims to extract treatment information for 90,128 men aged 65 years and older, who were newly diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The use of aggressive therapy has increased among white men over time; but aggressive therapy has recently declined among African-American men. Accounting for age, grade, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity, African-American men were 26% less likely to receive aggressive therapy than white men (odds ratio 0.74; 95% confidence interval 0.70 to 0.79). The use of ADT has increased substantially in both the primary and the adjuvant settings. By 1999, 45.6% of white men and 35.8% of African-American men who selected conservative management received primary ADT; among men treated with external beam radiotherapy, the proportion receiving adjuvant ADT was 53.7% for white men and 42.4% for African-American men (P <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Racial differences in the use of aggressive and conservative therapies are increasing. ADT is becoming a widely adopted component of initial treatment for localized prostate cancer. It is crucial to understand the impact of treatment patterns, including the increased use of ADT, on patient survival, morbidity, and costs of care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA. szeliadt@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Zeliadt
authors.forename: Arnold L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Potosky
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Etzioni
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ramsey
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Penson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018426:SEER Program; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American