title: Model describing the relationship between pharmacokinetics and hematologic toxicity of the epirubicin-docetaxel regimen in breast cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present study were (1) to characterize the pharmacokinetics of both component drugs and (2) to describe the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and the dose-limiting hematologic toxicity for the epirubicin (EPI)/docetaxel (DTX) regimen in breast cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-four patients with advanced disease received EPI and DTX every 3 weeks for up to nine cycles. The initial doses (EPI/DTX) were 75/70 mg/m(2). Based on leukocyte (WBC) and platelet counts, the subsequent doses were, stepwise, either escalated (maximum, 120/100 mg/m(2)) or reduced (minimum, 40/50 mg/m(2)). Hematologic toxicity was monitored in all patients, whereas pharmacokinetics was studied in 16 patients. A semiphysiological model, including physiological parameters as well as drug-specific parameters, was used to describe the time course of WBC count following treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the final pharmacokinetic model, interoccasion variability was estimated to be less than interindividual variability in the clearances for both drugs. The sum of the individual EPI and DTX areas under concentration-time curve correlated stronger to WBC survival fraction than did the corresponding sum of doses. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model with additive effects of EPI and DTX could adequately describe the data.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The final PK-PD model might provide a tool for calculation of WBC time course, and hence, for prediction of nadir day and duration of leukopenia in breast cancer patients treated with the EPI/DTX regimen.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden. marie.sandstrom@farmbio.uu.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sandström
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lindman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nygren
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lidbrink
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergh
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical