title: Randomized controlled clinical trial of glargine versus ultralente insulin in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multiple daily insulin injection programs are commonly accompanied by considerable glycemic variation and hypoglycemia. We conducted a randomized crossover design clinical trial to compare glargine with ultralente insulin as a basal insulin in type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine whether the use of glargine insulin as a basal insulin would result in a comparable HbA1c and less glycemic variation and hypoglycemia than ultralente insulin, 22 individuals (aged 44 +/- 14 years [+/-SD], 55% men) with type 1 diabetes who were experienced with multiple daily insulin injections and had an HbA1c of <7.8% were randomized in a crossover design to receive either glargine or ultralente as the basal insulin for 4 months. Aspart insulin was used as the prandial insulin. Physicians providing insulin dose adjustment advice were masked to the type of basal insulin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with glargine resulted in lower mean HbA1c (6.82 +/- 0.13 vs. 7.02 +/- 0.13, difference: 0.2 +/- 0.08, P = 0.026), less nocturnal variability (plasma glucose 49.06 +/- 4.74 vs. 62.36 +/- 5.21 mg/dl, P = 0.04), and less hypoglycemia (24.5 +/- 2.99 vs. 31.3 +/- 4.04 events, P = 0.05), primarily due to less daytime hypoglycemia (P = 0.002). On the other hand, serious hypoglycemia and average glucose concentration measured with continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring did not differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that while use of either ultralente or glargine as a basal insulin can result in excellent glycemic control, treatment with glargine is associated with slightly but significantly lower HbA1c and less nocturnal glycemic variability and hypoglycemia.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. kudva.yogish@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Yogish C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Kudva
authors.forename: Ananda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basu
authors.forename: Gregory D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Guillermo M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: Lori L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Quandt
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gebel
authors.forename: Debra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Vogelsang
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rizza
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Isley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018670:Monitoring, Ambulatory
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D000069036:Insulin Glargine