title: Long-term outcome after internal sphincter myectomy for internal sphincter achalasia.
abstract: Anal internal sphincter achalasia is a rare cause of refractory constipation. It is usually treated by internal sphincter myectomy (ISM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients who had undergone ISM for internal sphincter achalasia. Bowel habits, fecal continence, and quality of life were evaluated using a questionnaire. Fecal continence was quantitatively assessed by a score described by Holschneider. A questionnaire was sent to 13 patients (11 male, two female) operated on by ISM for intractable constipation caused by internal sphincter achalasia between 1983 and 1993. Ten patients responded and were included in the study. At the time of the study, three of the 10 patients required oral medication for constipation and had one to three bowel movements per week. One of the 10 patients had three to five bowel movements per day, and the others had one to two bowel movements per day. Four patients had normal and six patients had good continence scores. Four of the patients reported mild social problems, and one had problems associated with sports. Refractory constipation in the majority of patients with internal sphincter achalasia can be treated by ISM. However, in the long term, a significant number of patients suffer from soiling-related social problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. marja.heikkinen@kuh.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heikkinen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lindahl
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rintala
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001004:Anus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors