title: [Biological markers in thyroid tumors].
abstract: Thyroid tumors originate from two cell types: 1) medullar carcinoma from parafolicullar cells and 2) the tumors derived from follicular epithelial cells, which include multinodular goiter, adenomas, differentiated carcinomas (papillary and follicular carcinoma) and undifferentiated carcinoma (anaplastic carcinoma). Because of the tumors distinct biological behavior, there is a requirement for a specific therapeutic approach. Some thyroid cancer specific mutations have been identified using molecular biology and more recently, genomic methodology. We now understand much of the alterations that occur in the expression of growth factors, receptors and the intracellular signaling pathway. However, none of these have yet proven to be efficient as a marker for diagnosis and prognosis, nor are they helpful in establishing a targeted therapeutic approach. In this review, we will discuss the main aspects of thyroid tumorigenesis and evaluate the potential of these factors as markers for thyroid follicular neoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Histologia & Embriologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP.
authors.forename: Sílvia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Luciane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Suzana G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Leoni
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hajjar
authors.forename: Júlio Cézar M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ricarte-Filho
authors.forename: Kátia N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Ebina
authors.forename: Edna T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins