title: A novel putrescine utilization pathway involves gamma-glutamylated intermediates of Escherichia coli K-12.
abstract: A novel bacterial putrescine utilization pathway was discovered. Seven genes, the functions of whose products were not known, are involved in this novel pathway. Five of them encode enzymes that catabolize putrescine; one encodes a putrescine importer, and the other encodes a transcriptional regulator. This novel pathway involves six sequential steps as follows: 1) import of putrescine; 2) ATP-dependent gamma-glutamylation of putrescine; 3) oxidization of gamma-glutamylputrescine; 4) dehydrogenation of gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde; 5) hydrolysis of the gamma-glutamyl linkage of gamma-glutamyl-gamma-aminobutyrate; and 6) transamination of gamma-aminobutyrate to form the final product of this pathway, succinate semialdehyde, which is the precursor of succinate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Shinpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Hyeon Guk
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D005810:Multigene Family; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism*; D011437:Propylamines / Q000737:chemistry; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000378:metabolism; D011700:Putrescine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D011437:Propylamines; C540054:PuuP protein, E coli; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D019802:Succinic Acid; C035263:2-propylamine; D010100:Oxygen; D011700:Putrescine