title: Assessment of talus deformity by three-dimensional MRI in congenital clubfoot.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the morphological deformity of talus in congenital clubfoot by three-dimensional MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were five patients (two male, three female, mean age 5 months) with unilateral congenital clubfoot. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed of both feet using 1.5 T magnet. Based on the resulting magnetic resonance imaging volume data, a three-dimensional surface bone model was reconstructed by the Marching Cubes method. The long axis of the reconstructed model was determined, and in relation to the standard planes including this axis, the degree of talar head and neck deviation, and the relative positioning of the talus and navicular in the talonavicular joint were compared between normal foot and clubfoot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The talar head and neck angle in relation to the talus exhibited significant medial deviation in the clubfoot, but the degree of plantar deviation of the talar head and neck did not show significance. The navicular was located more medially in clubfoot than in normal foot. The volume of the total talar and of the ossific nucleus for the clubfoot was smaller than that for the normal foot.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The assessment technique presented herein was shown to be useful in ascertaining the various pathological characteristics associated with clubfoot.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita city 565-0871, Japan. tomonobu@ort.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itohara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugamoto
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013628:Talus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology; D013639:Tarsal Bones / Q000473:pathology