title: Association between childhood trauma and catecholamine response to psychological stress in police academy recruits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Childhood trauma is a risk factor for anxiety disorders in adulthood. One possible mechanism for this association is an increased neuroendocrine response to stress in adults with a history of childhood trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, 76 police academy recruits (mean [+/-SD] age 28 +/- 5 years, 10 female) were exposed to a video depicting real-life officers exposed to highly stressful incidents. Salivary cortisol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG, the major metabolite of norepinephrine) were collected at baseline, immediately after the video, and 20 min after the video. Childhood trauma before age 14 was assessed with an interview (Life Stressor Checklist-Revised).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exposure to the video elicited significant MHPG and cortisol responses in both groups. Recruits with childhood trauma histories (n = 16) had a significantly greater MHPG response, as evidenced by a group effect (F = 8.0, p < .01), and a group x time interaction (F = 4.1, p < .05). The cortisol response did not differ between groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Police academy recruits with childhood trauma histories have an increased catecholamine response to psychological stress. This might serve as a risk factor for anxiety disorders in recruits, and these findings might generalize to other groups with a history of childhood trauma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. otte@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Otte
authors.forename: Thomas C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Neylan
authors.forename: Nnamdi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pole
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Metzler
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Best
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henn-Haase
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yehuda
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Marmar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000378:metabolism; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000378:metabolism; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D016495:Police / Q000458:organization & administration; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014743:Videotape Recording / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; D006854:Hydrocortisone