title: Structural basis for the inhibition of mammalian membrane adenylyl cyclase by 2 '(3')-O-(N-Methylanthraniloyl)-guanosine 5 '-triphosphate.
abstract: Membrane-bound mammalian adenylyl cyclase (mAC) catalyzes the synthesis of intracellular cyclic AMP from ATP and is activated by stimulatory G protein alpha subunits (Galpha(s)) and by forskolin (FSK). mACs are inhibited with high potency by 2 '(3')-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl) (MANT)-substituted nucleotides. In this study, the crystal structures of the complex between Galpha(s).GTPgammaS and the catalytic C1 and C2 domains from type V and type II mAC (VC1.IIC2), bound to FSK and either MANT-GTP.Mg(2+) or MANT-GTP.Mn(2+) have been determined. MANT-GTP coordinates two metal ions and occupies the same position in the catalytic site as P-site inhibitors and substrate analogs. However, the orientation of the guanine ring is reversed relative to that of the adenine ring. The MANT fluorophore resides in a hydrophobic pocket at the interface between the VC1 and IIC2 domains and prevents mAC from undergoing the "open" to "closed" domain rearrangement. The K(i) of MANT-GTP for inhibition of VC1.IIC2 is lower in the presence of mAC activators and lower in the presence of Mn(2+) compared with Mg(2+), indicating that the inhibitor binds more tightly to the catalytically most active form of the enzyme. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-stimulated emission from the MANT fluorophore upon excitation of Trp-1020 in the MANT-binding pocket of IIC2 is also stronger in the presence of FSK. Mutational analysis of two non-conserved amino acids in the MANT-binding pocket suggests that residues outside of the binding site influence isoform selectivity toward MANT-GTP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical, Dallas, Texas 75390-9050, USA.
authors.forename: Tung-Chung
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Mou
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gille
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Fancy
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Sprang
mesh_terms: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004285:Dogs; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D040681:Structural Homology, Protein; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; C063981:2'(3')-O-(N-methyl)anthraniloylguanosine 5'-triphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases