title: Doubly rotated resonators for sensing the properties of liquids.
abstract: When a doubly rotated resonator is operated in a liquid, the displacement of the surface is partly out of the plane of the plate of the resonator. The out-of-plane component of the displacement propagates a damped compressional wave into the liquid, and the in-plane component propagates a damped shear wave. In this paper, we report the measurements of the series resonant frequency and the motional arm resistance of doubly rotated quartz resonators (theta approximately 35 degrees and phi = 7 degrees) in liquids to compare with singly rotated AT-cut resonators (theta approximately 35 degrees and phi = 0 degrees). A modified Butterworth-Van Dyke (BVD) equivalent circuit model is suggested to analyze doubly rotated cut resonators under liquid loading.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Army Communications-Electronics Research Development and Engineering Center, Fort Monmouth, NJ 07703, USA. Yoonkee.Kim@ieee.org
authors.forename: Yoonkee
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vig
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ballato