title: Impact of chemoradiotherapy-induced anemia on survival in uniformly staged patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Objective of this study was to evaluate the hemoglobin level (Hb) as potential prognostic factor in uniformly staged patients (pts) undergoing primary chemoradiotherapy (ChRT) for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pts with histologically proven SCC of the esophagus (uT3/4 Nx or uTx N+) were included in the analysis. Staging procedures comprised endoscopic ultrasound, barium swallow and computed tomography. All pts received radiotherapy (> or =40 Gy) and > or =2 courses of fluorouracil/folinic acid, and cisplatin (5 days/month). In selected pts surgical resection after neoadjuvant ChRT was carried out. Clinical parameters, especially Hb were retrospectively evaluated for their impact on survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  46 pts were treated between 1996 and 2001. Median survival was 16 months. Survival for pts treated with definitive ChRT (n = 28) was 14 months, whereas pts treated surgically after neoadjuvant ChRT (n = 18) survived 19 months (p = 0.79). Pts with low Hb levels at baseline did not show a worse outcome in comparison with pts with normal Hb levels (16 months), whereas a significant decrease in Hb level within the time period of ChRT was associated with a significantly inferior outcome (11 vs. 31 months; p = 0.046). Pts requiring blood transfusion tended to have inferior survival (11 vs. 24 months; p = 0.07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this retrospective analysis a significant decrease of Hb level during ChRT was identified as prognostic factor for pts undergoing ChRT of SCC of the esophagus.
authors.affiliation: Okologisches Zentrum, III, Medizinische Klinik, Fakultat für Klinische Medizin Mannheim der Universität Heidelberg, Germany. ralf.hofheinz@med3.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: R-D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hofheinz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wenz
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Willeke
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emig
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Buchheidt
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hehlmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hochhaus
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015984:Causality; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D006454:Hemoglobins; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil