title: Synthesis, biological evaluation and kinetic studies of glyceride prodrugs of diclofenac.
abstract: The prodrugs (glyceride derivatives) 3a and 3b of diclofenac were prepared by reacting 1, 2, 3-trihydroxy propane-1,3-dipalmitate/stearate with the acid chloride of diclofenac as potential prodrugs to reduce the gastrointestinal toxicity associated with them. These prodrugs were evaluated for their ulcerogenicity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. It was found that the prodrugs were significantly less irritating to the gastric mucosa as indicated by severity index of 0.86, 0.78 compared to 1.6 of diclofenac. The prodrugs 3a and 3b showed better anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity than the parent drugs. The hydrolysis of prodrugs 3a and 3b were studied at pH 3, 4, 5 and 7.4. The HPLC analysis showed that the prodrugs were resistant to hydrolysis at pH 3, 4 and 5 indicating that they did not hydrolyze in acidic environment, whereas at pH 7.4 the prodrugs readily released the parent drug in significant quantities. The plasma levels of diclofenac were also analyzed by HPLC in rats after single oral dose of the prodrugs. The results indicated that the parent drugs were readily released. The concentration of diclofenac during the study was found higher in animals treated with prodrugs 3a and 3b compared with animals treated with diclofenac. The concentration of diclofenac was found to be 38.59, 33.6 and 30.36 microg/ml in animals treated with prodrugs 3a, 3b and diclofenac respectively. In conclusion, all these studies indicated that the glyceride prodrugs of diclofenac might be considered as potential biolabile prodrugs of diclofenac.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110 062 India. msykhan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M S Y
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Mymoona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhter
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D000700:Analgesics / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002351:Carrageenan / Q000633:toxicity; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D005989:Glycerides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000633:toxicity; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005989:Glycerides; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D011355:Prodrugs; D004008:Diclofenac; D002351:Carrageenan; D019342:Acetic Acid