title: Determination of benzothiazoles from complex aqueous samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry following solid-phase extraction.
abstract: A method was developed for the determination of benzothiazoles from municipal wastewater, which may originate from their use as corrosion inhibitors, vulcanization accelerators or fungicides. Extraction is performed by SPE using a polymeric sorbent, followed by LC-MS analysis with electrospray ionization. Due to the diversity of the analytes, two LC-MS runs are required: 2-aminobenzothiazole, benzothiazole and 2-methylthiobenzothiazole are detected in the positive ion mode, while benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid (BTSA), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and 2-hydroxybenzothiazole are determined in the negative ion mode. Limits of quantification range from 20 to 200 ng/L in treated wastewater. Reliable quantification with R.S.D.s below 25% is achieved by standard addition in a limited number of samples of each sample series. A significant reduction of matrix effects in positive electrospray ionization is achieved by reducing the flow directed into the ESI-interface. When applied to untreated municipal wastewater most analytes were found at concentrations in the high ng/L- to low microg/L-range with the most polar BTSA being the dominant compound of this class. Removal of benzothiazoles in biological wastewater treatment appears to be limited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Water Quality Control, Technical University of Berlin, Sekr KF4, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kloepfer
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jekel
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reemtsma
mesh_terms: D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D013844:Thiazoles; D014867:Water