title: A study on attenuation correction using Tc-99m external TCT source in Tc-99m GSA liver SPECT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In attenuation correction of ECT images by transmission CT (TCT) with an external 99mTc gamma-ray source, simultaneous TCT/ECT data acquisition is difficult, when the same radionuclide such as 99mTc-tetrofosmin or 99mTc-GSA is used as the tracer. In this case, TCT is usually acquired before administration of the tracer, and ECT is acquired separately after the tracer injection. However, misregistration may occur between the TCT and ECT images, and the repetition of examinations add to the mental and physical stress of the patients. In this study, to eliminate this problem, we evaluated whether attenuation correction of ECT images can be achieved by acquiring TCT and ECT simultaneously, then acquiring ECT alone, and preparing an attenuation map by subtracting the latter from the former using 99mTc-GSA liver ECT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ECT system used was a three-head gamma camera equipped with one cardiac fan beam collimator and two parallel beam collimators. External gamma-ray source for TCT of 99mTc was 740 MBq, and ECT of 99mTc-GSA was 185 MBq. First, pure TCT data were acquired for the original TCT-map, then, ECT/TCT data were acquired for the subtracted TCT-map, and finally, pure ECT data were acquired. The subtracted attenuation map was produced by subtracting the pure ECT image from the TCT/ECT image, and attenuation correction of the ECT image was done using both this subtracted TCT map and attenuation map from pure TCT. These two attenuation corrected images and non-corrected images were compared. Hot rods phantom, a liver phantom with a defect, and 10 patients were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attenuation corrected ECT values using the subtraction attenuation map showed an error of about 5% underestimation compared with ECT values of the images corrected by original attenuation map at the defect in the liver phantom. A good correlation of y = 22.65 + 1.06x, r = 0.958 was observed also in clinical evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By means of the method proposed in this study, it is possible to perform simultaneous TCT/ECT data acquisition for attenuation correction using Tc-99m external source in Tc-99m GSA liver SPECT. Moreover, it is thought that this method decreases the mental and physical stress of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. takahashi-yasuyuki@pref.ehime.jp
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Kenya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: Teruhito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higashino
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Akiyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinda
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D016477:Artifacts; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012542:Scattering, Radiation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D013667:Technetium; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; C070561:technetium Tc 99m DTPA-galactosyl-human serum albumin; D013667:Technetium; D016284:Technetium Tc 99m Pentetate