title: Detection of immunotoxicity using T-cell based cytokine reporter cell lines ("Cell Chip").
abstract: Safety assessment of chemicals and drugs is an important regulatory issue. The evaluation of potential adverse effects of compounds on the immune system depends today on animal experiments. An increasing demand, however, exists for in vitro alternatives. Cytokine measurement is a promising tool to evaluate chemical exposure effects on the immune system. Fortunately, this type of measurement can be performed in conjunction with in vitro exposure models. We have taken these considerations as the starting point to develop an in vitro method to efficiently screen compounds for potential immunotoxicity. The T-cell lymphoma cell line EL-4 was transfected with the regulatory sequences of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-gamma or actin fused to the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in either a stabile or a destabilised form. Consequently, changes in fluorescence intensity represent changes in cytokine expression with one cell line per cytokine. We used this prototype "Cell Chip" to test, by means of flow cytometry, the immunomodulatory potential of 13 substances and were able to detect changes in cytokine expression in 12 cases (successful for cyclosporine, rapamycin, pentamidine, thalidomide, bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, house dust mite allergen (Der p I), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, benzocaine, tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate, potassium tetrachloroplatinate, sodium dodecyl sulphate and mercuric chloride; unsuccessful for penicillin G). In conclusion, this approach seems promising for in vitro screening for potential immunotoxicity, especially when additional cell lines besides T-cells are included.
authors.affiliation: Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Tove
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ringerike
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ullerås
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Völker
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Verlaan
authors.forename: Ase
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eikeset
authors.forename: Dominika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trzaska
authors.forename: Violetta
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adamczewska
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olszewski
authors.forename: Aurelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Walczak-Drzewiecka
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arkusz
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Loveren
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Martinus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lovik
authors.forename: Jarosław
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dastych
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Vandebriel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D049408:Luminescent Agents; D051379:Mice; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D000922:Immunotoxins; D049408:Luminescent Agents; D015262:Xenobiotics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins