title: Relation between short-term fine-particulate matter exposure and onset of myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epidemiologic studies have reported increases in the incidence of cardiovascular morbidity and myocardial infarction (MI) associated with increases in short-term and daily levels of fine-particulate matter air pollution, suggesting a role for particulate matter in triggering an MI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the association between onset time of MI and preceding hourly measures of fine-particulate matter using a case-crossover study of 5793 confirmed cases of acute MI. We linked data from a community-wide database on acute MI from 1988-1994 in King County, Washington, with central site air pollution monitoring data on fine-particulate matter determined by nephelometry. We compared air pollution exposure levels averaged 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, and 24 hours before MI onset to a set of time-stratified referent exposures from the same day of the week in the month of the case event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : The estimated relative risk for a 10-microg/m increase in fine-particulate matter the hour before MI onset was 1.01 (95% CI=0.98-1.05). Analyses of pollutant levels at the other time points demonstrated a similar lack of association. No increased risk was found in all cases with preexisting cardiac disease (odds ratio = 1.05; 0.95-1.16). Stratification by known cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and smoking status) also did not modify the relation between fine-particulate matter and MI onset.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a very small effect cannot be excluded, there was no consistent association between ambient levels of fine-particulate matter and risk of MI onset.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA. sulijh@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Lianne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: Astrid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schreuder
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siscovick
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D018672:Community Health Planning; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D013997:Time Factors; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology