title: 20 years of research into violence and trauma: past and future developments.
abstract: This reflection on major developments in the past, present, and future of the wider field of violence and trauma is a personal (and probably biased) sampling of what the authors hold to be important. The authors reviewed advances for victims and perpetrators of violence separately. For victims, the authors note that empirical research has established the potential traumatic impact of violence as well as various predictors of what makes persons vulnerable to adverse psychological consequences. The authors also note that the definitions of violence and trauma have evolved to include such behavioral patterns as stalking. Finally, encouraging evidence regarding the efficacy of exposure-based treatments for victims of violence is reviewed, as well as discouraging evidence regarding the efficacy of single-session debriefing following trauma. For the perpetrators, the importance of individual assessment in planning interventions is underscored, and advances in explicit and implicit assessment techniques are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kamphuis
authors.forename: Paul M G
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Emmelkamp
mesh_terms: D018585:Battered Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003419:Crisis Intervention; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000592:standards; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012940:Social Problems; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology