title: Prevalence of an abnormal ankle-brachial index in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome: preliminary data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of abnormal ankle-brachial indexes (ABIs), their relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors and/or the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), and the clinical use of the ABI in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (primary APS).
  
  
  METHODS
  An 8 MHz Doppler probe was used in the arms and legs to assess the ABI in 43 patients with primary APS (mean (SD) age 40.2 (7.9) years) and 49 healthy subjects (aged 41.0 (11.7)) matched for age and sex. Data on traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, presence of diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome or renal failure, smoking, and other variables, were collected at that time for all subjects. A ratio of the highest blood pressure from the posterior tibial or pedal arteries of each leg to the highest blood pressure from the brachial arteries <1.00 was considered abnormal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal ABIs were found in 8/43 (19%) patients with primary APS and 2/49 (4%) controls (p = 0.026). No correlation between abnormal ABI and traditional cardiovascular risk factors nor with the presence of aPL was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal ABIs are more common in primary APS than in healthy controls, possibly indicating a subclinical atherosclerotic process in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barón
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khamashta
authors.forename: G R V
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: D'Cruz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply*; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler