title: Global network analysis of phenotypic effects: protein networks and toxicity modulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Using genome-wide information to understand holistically how cells function is a major challenge of the postgenomic era. Recent efforts to understand molecular pathway operation from a global perspective have lacked experimental data on phenotypic context, so insights concerning biologically relevant network characteristics of key genes or proteins have remained largely speculative. Here, we present a global network investigation of the genotype/phenotype data set we developed for the recovery of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae from exposure to DNA-damaging agents, enabling explicit study of how protein-protein interaction network characteristics may be associated with phenotypic functional effects. We show that toxicity-modulating proteins have similar topological properties as essential proteins, suggesting that cells initiate highly coordinated responses to damage similar to those needed for vital cellular functions. We also identify toxicologically important protein complexes, pathways, and modules. These results have potential implications for understanding toxicity-modulating processes relevant to a number of human diseases, including cancer and aging.
authors.affiliation: Digital Signal Processing Group, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Biological Engineering Division and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
authors.forename: Maya R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Begley
authors.forename: Alan V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Oppenheim
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lauffenburger
authors.forename: Leona D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Samson
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology; D030562:Databases, Protein; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010641:Phenotype; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology*; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D020543:Proteome