title: Long-term results of bilateral medial rectus recession for congenital esotropia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the long-term results of orthophoria obtained with bilateral medial rectus recession for congenital esotropia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 214 patients who underwent bilateral medial rectus muscle recession between January 1995 and January 2000 were reviewed. Patients were excluded if neurological abnormalities or developmental delays were documented and if structural eye abnormalities were present. Mean follow up was 54.2 months (range, 36 to 96 months). Rates of reoperation for residual esotropia, consecutive exotropia, oblique muscle overaction, or dissociated vertical deviation were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-five (21%) patients underwent surgery for residual esotropia, 32 (15%) underwent surgery for consecutive exotropia or dissociated horizontal deviation, and 39 (18%) underwent surgery for oblique muscle overaction and dissociated vertical deviation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To maintain long-term alignment of congenital esotropia, additional surgical procedures may be required. The success rate of bilateral medial rectus recession for ocular realignment with one operation is approximately 50%. This method is quicker, simpler, and less traumatic than three or four muscle operations. In addition, the lateral rectus and oblique muscle are left unoperated for future surgeries if necessary.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology Clinic, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kadircan H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Keskinbora
authors.forename: Nuray Karakuscu
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Pulur
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity