title: T cells from presensitized donors fail to cause graft-versus-host disease in a pig-to-mouse xenotransplantation model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability of T cells from pigs, the most suitable donors for clinical xenotransplantation, to induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and to facilitate hematopoietic cell engraftment in highly disparate xenogeneic recipients remains unclear. In this article, the authors address these questions in a presensitized pig-to-mouse transplantation model using porcine cytokine-transgenic mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Swine donors were presensitized by mouse skin grafting and boosted by the injection of mouse cells after the skin graft was rejected. Porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and splenocytes were collected at various times after mouse skin grafting, and their potential to induce GVHD and to facilitate donor hematopoietic cell engraftment in conditioned murine recipients was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Presensitization of donor pigs resulted in marked enhancement of anti-mouse responses, as reflected in augmented anti-mouse mixed lymphocyte responses, cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and antibody production. However, injection of high numbers of PBMC and splenocytes (>1 x 10(8)) with bone marrow cells from the presensitized pigs failed to induce detectable GVHD or long-term chimerism in mice that were treated with depleting anti-T-cell and natural killer cell antibodies, cobra venom factor, medronate-liposomes, and 4 Gy of whole-body and 7 Gy of thymic irradiation. Histologic analysis revealed no mononuclear cell infiltration or GVHD-associated lesions in the liver, intestine, lungs, or skin of the mouse recipients. Furthermore, the recipient mice had no detectable T cells or anti-pig immunoglobulin G antibodies in the blood by 6 weeks after injection of porcine cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that porcine T-cell function is severely impaired in the xenogeneic murine microenvironment.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knosalla
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Bintou
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diouf
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Henk-Jan
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schuurman
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sachs
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: David K C
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Yong-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D046528:Chimerism; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000276:immunology*