title: Susceptibility to basal cell carcinoma: associations with PTCH polymorphisms.
abstract: Loss of function of the human patched gene (PTCH) is common and critical in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) development. Indirect evidence suggests polymorphism in PTCH mediates BCC risk. We studied 659 BCC cases and 300 controls to determine if exon 2(318), 3(429), 11(1552), 12(1665), 12(1686), 14(2199) and 23(3944) and intron 9(1336-135) and 15(2560+9)PTCH variants were sufficiently common for use in case-control studies, and if selected markers were associated with risk. Intron 15(2560+9) and exon 23(3944) variants were studied further. Their genotype frequencies were not significantly different in controls and cases, though frequency of the G(2560+9)-C(3944) haplotype was lower in all cases (odds ratio=0.44, p=0.009) and those stratified by BCC site and rate of development of further tumours. This association was not mediated by the extent of UVR exposure. We confirmed the robustness of these findings by showing these associations demonstrated similar odds ratios in two groups of randomly selected cases and controls, and using the false positive report probability (FPRP) approach described by Wacholder et al. (2004). The FPRP value (0.168) was in the noteworthy category. These data, showing for the first time that PTCH polymorphism mediates susceptibility, are compatible with reports showing that PTCH haploinsufficiency influences development of BCC precursor lesions.
authors.affiliation: Human Genomics Research Group, Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University School of Medicine, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB Staffordshire, England.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Strange
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El-Genidy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lovatt
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lear
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ichii-Jones
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Hoban
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D000072081:Patched-1 Receptor; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; C000606236:PTCH1 protein, human; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D000072081:Patched-1 Receptor; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface