title: Calcified carotid atherosclerotic plaque is associated less with ischemic symptoms than is noncalcified plaque on MDCT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk assessment based on plaque vulnerability would be valuable in the management of asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The purpose of this study was to compare plaque morphology in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with significant extracranial carotid artery stenosis using MDCT angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 31 patients with greater than 60% carotid artery stenosis on MDCT angiography using the criteria of the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. We analyzed plaque density by blinded review in Hounsfield units in the atherosclerotic plaques of 15 symptomatic and 21 asymptomatic stenotic vessels for classification as soft, intermediate, or calcified. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even with age, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and treatment taken into account, we found that calcified plaques were 21 times less likely to be symptomatic than noncalcified plaques (95% confidence interval for odds ratio, 0.003, 0.749; p = 0.030). No significant predictive value was found between soft (p = 0.23) or intermediate (p = 0.18) plaque morphology for the occurrence of symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MDCT angiography may help risk-stratify patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Extracranial carotid artery calcified plaques causing stenosis are significantly less likely to be symptomatic and thus may be more stable than noncalcified plaques. This finding may have implications for the interpretation of calcification of atherosclerotic plaque in other vascular beds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Virginia Health System, Lee St., PO Box 800170, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. krn2d@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Kiran R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Nandalur
authors.forename: Erol
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baskurt
authors.forename: Klaus D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hagspiel
authors.forename: C Douglas
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*