title: The genome sequence of the ethanologenic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis ZM4.
abstract: We report the complete genome sequence of Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 (ATCC31821), an ethanologenic microorganism of interest for the production of fuel ethanol. The genome consists of 2,056,416 base pairs forming a circular chromosome with 1,998 open reading frames (ORFs) and three ribosomal RNA transcription units. The genome lacks recognizable genes for 6-phosphofructokinase, an essential enzyme in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway, and for two enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and malate dehydrogenase, so glucose can be metabolized only by the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Whole genome microarrays were used for genomic comparisons with the Z. mobilis type strain ZM1 (ATCC10988) revealing that 54 ORFs predicted to encode for transport and secretory proteins, transcriptional regulators and oxidoreductase in the ZM4 strain were absent from ZM1. Most of these ORFs were also found to be actively transcribed in association with ethanol production by ZM4.
authors.affiliation: Macrogen Inc., World Meridian Venture Center, 60-24, Gasan-dong, Seoul 153-781, Korea. jeongsun@macrogen.com
authors.forename: Jeong-Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Hyonyong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Hyun Seok
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Kyoung-Oh
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Cholhee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jae Joon
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jin Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hyungtae
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joon-Il
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kil
authors.forename: Cheol Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyun-Myung
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jung-Soon
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Su-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hye-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Um
authors.forename: Hee-Jong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soo-Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jae Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung Lyun
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Se Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kye Joon
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyen Sam
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016678:Genome; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D007655:Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D017355:Zymomonas / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014233:Tricarboxylic Acids; D000431:Ethanol; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D007655:Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex