title: [Influence of cryoprotectant and cooling rate in vitrification method on the spindles of rabbit oocytes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of cryoprotectants and cooling rates in vitrification method on the spindles of rabbit M II oocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rabbit oocytes were verified by using cryoloop with ethylene glycol (EG) singly or EG combined with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectants, and cooled by taking oocytes directly into liquid nitrogen or by vitrification machine. After frozen rabbit oocytes thawed, the microtubulin and chromosome of the spindles were fixation and stained by immunofluorescent method. Confocal microscope was used to reveal spindle configuration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the two protocols of single EG used and EG combined with DMSO, the spindles were severely injured. But in protocol of EG combined with DMSO and at ultra-rapid cooling rate, the normal configuration of spindle rate of thawed rabbit oocytes was similar to that of the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protocol of EG combined with DMSO as cryoprotectants and with extremely high cooling rate by vitrification machine can produce the best effect on conservation of spindle configuration in vitrification of rabbit oocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Xue-yong
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Gui-an
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Xiao-ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Hong-mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Peng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide