title: Sonography of a rupture of the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus muscle: initial clinical experience and correlation with findings at cadaveric dissection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of our study were to report our initial clinical experience with sonography of the wrist for diagnosing a proximal rupture of the tendon of the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) muscle and to perform sonographic-anatomic correlation of the EPL tendon.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and imaging files of five patients who underwent sonography and subsequent open wrist surgery were reviewed retrospectively. Imaging was performed by four radiologists experienced in musculoskeletal sonography. Tendon retraction was evaluated on sonography and at surgery. In cadavers, sonography was performed in concert by two musculoskeletal radiologists during progressive stages of dissection of four embalmed specimens. One specimen was sliced in the transverse plane.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cadavers, the EPL tendon was located on or adjacent to Lister's tubercle and extended to the base of the thumb. The EPL tendon crossed over the extensor carpi radialis tendons where it exhibited a flattened aspect. In the five patients in the study, a tubular-shaped hypoechoic area was evident at the position of the ruptured EPL tendon on sonograms. At surgery, this area corresponded to fluid, hemorrhage, and scar tissue in the EPL tendon sheath. The assessment of tendon retraction on sonography correlated with findings at surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonography may aid in diagnosing a rupture of the EPL tendon and in the preoperative assessment of gap size and position of the retracted tendon ends. A characteristic tubular hypoechoic area may be seen crossing over the extensor carpi radialis tendons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels 1090, Belgium. michel.demaeseneer@az.vub.ac.be
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Maeseneer
authors.forename: Stefaan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcelis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osteaux
authors.forename: Tjeerd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: Freddy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Machiels
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Roy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012421:Rupture; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014953:Wrist / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*