title: 5% imiquimod cream and reflectance-mode confocal microscopy as adjunct modalities to Mohs micrographic surgery for treatment of basal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Imiquimod is an immune response modifier that up-regulates cytokines and has been shown in clinical studies to reduce or clear basal cell carcinoma tumors when applied topically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of 5% imiquimod cream in treating basal cell carcinoma preceding excision by Mohs micrographic surgery and to determine if reflectance-mode confocal microscopy is useful to establish the need for surgical intervention after imiquimod treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects applied study cream to one biopsy-confirmed basal cell carcinoma tumor 5 x/week for 2, 4, or 6 weeks in this vehicle-controlled, double-blind study. Confocal microscopy was used for the 6-week treatment group to examine the target tumor area at each interval visit and immediately before Mohs micrographic surgery. After the Mohs micrographic surgery excision, the tissue was evaluated histologically, and the excision area was measured. Confocal microscopy readings were correlated to the histologic diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumors cleared or the target tumor area was reduced in subjects in the 4- and 6-week dosing regimens. Confocal microscopy assessments correlated well with the histologic diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Imiquimod improved excision results relative to vehicle when used for treating basal cell carcinoma before Mohs micrographic surgery. Confocal microscopy assessments correlated well with tumor response to therapy, suggesting that confocal microscopy may help determine the need for surgery.
authors.affiliation: Loma Linda University Medical Center, Dermatology Office, Faculty Medical Offices, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA. ABELT@aol.com
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Niemeyer
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berkes
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schanbacher
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Blaine
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Morgan
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000368:Aged; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001900:Boston; D002140:California; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D000077271:Imiquimod; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D015580:Mohs Surgery / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000634:Aminoquinolines; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000077271:Imiquimod