title: Separation effect and perception of pain and discomfort from two types of orthodontic separators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine two types of orthodontic separators, focusing on the separating effect and patients' perception of pain and discomfort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The separators tested were spring-type and elastomeric separators. Thirty teenagers participated, and all were scheduled for treatment with a fixed orthodontic appliance. Two spring-type and two elastomeric separators were placed alternately in the left or the right quadrant. After a separation period of 5 days, the amount of separation was measured with a leaf gauge. Nine questionnaires with visual analogue scales and questions with fixed answers were used to register the patient perceptions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean separation was 0.3 mm for the spring-type and 0.4 mm for the elastomeric separators (P < .05). The springs were considered less painful than the elastomerics, but the difference was not statistically significant. For both separators, the pain was worst at day 2 and subsided almost completely by day 5. Due to pain, 14 of the 30 patients changed their food habits, and 13 took analgesics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The separation effect of the two separators was considered clinically equivalent and since pain of moderate intensity occurs during the separation period, analgesics and soft food can be recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden. lars.bondemark@od.mah.se
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bondemark
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fredriksson
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ilros
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003722:Dental Alloys; D020724:Elastomers; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008963:Molar; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000145:classification*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011140:Polyurethanes; D013232:Steel; D013997:Time Factors; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014098:Toothache / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D003722:Dental Alloys; D020724:Elastomers; D011140:Polyurethanes; D013232:Steel