title: Estrogen receptor genotypes and haplotypes associated with breast cancer risk.
abstract: Nearly one in eight US women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Most breast cancer is not associated with a hereditary syndrome, occurs in postmenopausal women, and is estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive. Estrogen exposure is an epidemiologic risk factor for breast cancer and estrogen is a potent mammary mitogen. We studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in estrogen receptors in 615 healthy subjects and 1011 individuals with histologically confirmed breast cancer, all from New York City. We analyzed 13 SNPs in the progesterone receptor gene (PGR), 17 SNPs in estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1), and 8 SNPs in the estrogen receptor 2 gene (ESR2). We observed three common haplotypes in ESR1 that were associated with a decreased risk for breast cancer [odds ratio (OR), approximately O.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2-0.8; P < 0.01]. Another haplotype was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2-3.8; P < 0.05). A unique risk haplotype was present in approximately 7% of older Ashkenazi Jewish study subjects (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4; P < 0.003). We narrowed the ESR1 risk haplotypes to the promoter region and first exon. We define several other haplotypes in Ashkenazi Jews in both ESR1 and ESR2 that may elevate susceptibility to breast cancer. In contrast, we found no association between any PGR variant or haplotype and breast cancer. Genetic epidemiology study replication and functional assays of the haplotypes should permit a better understanding of the role of steroid receptor genetic variants and breast cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Human Genetics Section, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, USA. goldb@ncifcrf.gov
authors.forename: Bert
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalush
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Nandita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lippert
authors.forename: Bjarni V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Halldorsson
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Woodworth
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Andrew G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Fritz F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Parl
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Broder
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dean
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Offit
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone