title: Assessing the accuracy of administrative data in health information systems.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Administrative data play a central role in health care. Inaccuracies in such data are costly to health systems, they obscure health research, and they affect the quality of patient care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to prospectively determine the accuracy of the primary and secondary diagnoses recorded in administrative data sets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between March and July 2002, standardized patients (SPs) completed unannounced visits at 3 sites. We abstracted the 348 medical records from these visits to obtain the written diagnoses made by physicians. We also examined the patient files to identify the diagnoses recorded on the administrative encounter forms and extracted data from the computerized administrative databases. Because the correct diagnosis was defined by the SP visit, we could determine whether the final diagnosis in the administrative data set was correct and, if not, whether it was caused by physician diagnostic error, missing encounter forms, or incorrectly filled out forms.
  
  
  METHODS
  General internal medicine outpatient clinics at 2 Veterans Administration facilities and a large, private medical center participated in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 trained SPs presented to physicians with 4 common outpatient conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The correct primary diagnosis was recorded for 57% of visits. Thirteen percent of errors were caused by physician diagnostic error, 8% to missing encounter forms, and 22% to incorrectly entered data. Findings varied by condition and site but not by level of training. Accuracy of secondary diagnosis data (27%) was even poorer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although more research is needed to evaluate the cause of inaccuracies and the relative contributions of patient, provider, and system level effects, it appears that significant inaccuracies in administrative data are common. Interventions aimed at correcting these errors appear feasible.
authors.affiliation: San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA. peabody@psg.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Peabody
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luck
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bertenthal
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glassman
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D003933:Diagnosis; D003951:Diagnostic Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005568:Forms and Records Control / Q000592:standards*; D016304:Hospitals, Private / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000592:standards; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000592:standards*; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016544:Patient Simulation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012107:Research Design; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs