title: Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extract on rat mandibular condyle.
abstract: We investigated the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE) on bone formation by examining total and cortical bone mass, density, architecture, and strength non-invasively using mandibular condyles of Ca-restricted rats. Forty Wistar male rats, each 5 weeks old, were divided into control (C), low-Ca diet (LCaD), low-Ca diet-standard diet (LcaD x SD), and low-Ca diet x Estandard diet with supplementary GSPE (LcaD x SD+GSPE) groups. In LCaD x SD group, after the bone debility was induced by low-Ca diet, a standard diet therapy was given. In LCaD x SD+GSPE group, after the bone debility was induced by low-Ca diet, a standard diet therapy with supplementary GSPE was given. Each mandibular condyle was examined using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). There were no significant inter-group differences in body weight seen throughout the experimental period. In LcaD x SD+GSPE, cortical bone cross-sectional area and mineral content were not significantly different from C, while bone mineral content was significantly higher in LcaD x SD+GSPE than in LcaD x SD. Cortical bone density of LcaD x SD+GSPE was not significantly different from that of C, however, that value in LCaD and LcaD x SD was significantly lower than that. The cross-sectional (bending) moment of inertia values in LcaD x SD+GSPE were the highest among all groups, though they did not differ significantly from those in C. Further, the cross-sectional (bending) Stress/Strain Index (SSI) values in LcaD x SD+GSPE were statistically similar to those in C, however, not significant higher than in LcaD x SD. These results suggest that GSPE treatment would increase both bone mass and bone strength on the rat mandibular condyles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kyushu Dental College, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Japan. kimura-m@kyu-dent.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tofani
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamitani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D044945:Proanthocyanidins