title: Comparison of amphiphilic polyurethane nanoparticles to nonionic surfactants for flushing phenanthrene from soil.
abstract: Amphiphilic polyurethane (APU) nanoparticles were synthesized through crosslinking polymerization of nano-aggregates of urethane acrylate nonionomer (UAN). The efficiency of in situ extraction of sorbed phenanthrene from aquifer material was tested using soil columns and compared with that of surfactants such as Triton X-100, Brij 30, and Tween 80. The extraction efficiency of those washing materials strongly depended on their concentration, flow rate, and the degree of sorption within soil column. That is, the extraction efficiency increased with the decrease of flow rate and the degree of sorption and the increase of the concentration. Even though the surfactants are superior to APU nanoparticles at solubilizing phenanthrene, at the same flow rate (0.02 mL/min) and concentration (4000 mg/L), the effectiveness of in situ soil washing of APU nanoparticles was about two times higher than those of surfactants. This is because, at the lower flow rates, the degree of sorption of APU nanoparticles was lower than that of surfactants, owing to the chemically crosslinked nature of APU nanoparticles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Samcheok National University, Samcheok, Kangwon 245-711, Republic of Korea. juyoungk@samcheok.ac.kr
authors.forename: Ju-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sun-Bo
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Jin-Kie
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Shim
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000737:chemistry; D017830:Octoxynol / Q000737:chemistry; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D010616:Phenanthrenes; D011136:Polysorbates; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C031181:phenanthrene; D017830:Octoxynol