title: Microfluidic sorting of mammalian cells by optical force switching.
abstract: Microfluidic-based devices have allowed miniaturization and increased parallelism of many common functions in biological assays; however, development of a practical technology for microfluidic-based fluorescence-activated cell sorting has proved challenging. Although a variety of different physical on-chip switch mechanisms have been proposed, none has satisfied simultaneously the requirements of high throughput, purity, and recovery of live, unstressed mammalian cells. Here we show that optical forces can be used for the rapid (2-4 ms), active control of cell routing on a microfluidic chip. Optical switch controls reduce the complexity of the chip and simplify connectivity. Using all-optical switching, we have implemented a fluorescence-activated microfluidic cell sorter and evaluated its performance on live, stably transfected HeLa cells expressing a fused histone-green fluorescent protein. Recovered populations were verified to be both viable and unstressed by evaluation of the transcriptional expression of two genes, HSPA6 and FOS, known indicators of cellular stress.
authors.affiliation: Genoptix, Inc., 3398 Carmel Mountain Road, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Joon Mo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Haichuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: Bob
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dees
authors.forename: Elinore M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Mercer
authors.forename: Anita H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kariv
authors.forename: Philippe J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Marchand
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods*; D048429:Cell Size; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D044085:Microfluidics / Q000379:methods*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011126:Polypropylenes / Q000737:chemistry; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012666:Semiconductors; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D006657:Histones; D011126:Polypropylenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins