title: Defective postnatal neurogenesis and disorganization of the rostral migratory stream in absence of the Vax1 homeobox gene.
abstract: The subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the sources of adult neural stem cells (ANSCs) in the mouse brain. Precursor cells proliferate in the SVZ and migrate through the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb (OB), where they differentiate into granule and periglomerular cells. Few transcription factors are known to be responsible for regulating NSC proliferation, migration, and differentiation processes; even fewer have been found to be responsible for the organization of the SVZ and RMS. For this reason, we studied the ventral anterior homeobox (Vax1) gene in NSC proliferation and in SVZ organization. We found that Vax1 is strongly expressed in the SVZ and in the RMS and that, in the absence of Vax1, embryonic precursor cells proliferate 100 times more than wild-type controls, in vitro. The SVZ of Vax1(-/-) brains is hyperplastic and mostly disorganized, and the RMS is missing, causing a failure of precursor cell migration to the OBs, which as a result are severely hypoplastic. Moreover, we found that Vax1 is essential for the correct differentiation of ependyma and astrocytes. Together, these data indicate that Vax1 is a potent regulator of SVZ organization and NSC proliferation, with important consequences on postnatal neurogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Dulbecco Telethon Institute at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: José Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Soria
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taglialatela
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gil-Perotin
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galli
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gritti
authors.forename: José Manuel Garcia
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Verdugo
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertuzzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D005801:Genes, Homeobox / Q000502:physiology*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C490641:Etv1 protein, mouse; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D014157:Transcription Factors; C485177:Vax1 protein, mouse