title: Coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters in type 2 diabetic patients with and without diabetic vascular complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the markers of endogenous coagulation/fibrinolysis and vascular endothelial cell function, and to assess the relationships between hemostatic parameters and diabetic vascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters were measured in 92 type 2 diabetic patients (43 male, 49 female, mean age 50.1 +/- 13.4 years) with (n = 44) and without (n = 48) vascular diabetic complications, and in 40 nondiabetic healthy subjects (20 male, 20 female, mean age 49.8 +/- 15.1 years). Common lipid parameters were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma levels of fibrinogen, antithrombin III (AT III), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity and prothrombin time were found to be significantly increased in the type 2 diabetic patients compared with the healthy subjects. Glycosylated hemoglobin lc was inversely correlated with plasma protein S and activated prothrombin time. Protein C and S activities were positively correlated with plasma vWF activity, and were negatively correlated with plasma t-PA levels. vWF activity was negatively correlated with plasma t-PA levels. AT III levels were positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol levels, plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, plasma triglycerides and D-dimer levels. Plasma PAI-1 levels and factor V activity in diabetic patients with microvascular complications were significantly higher than those of the diabetic patients without microvascular complications. The plasma PAI-1 and platelet count were increased in patients with diabetic retinopathy compared with the diabetic patients without retinopathy. Plasma PAI-1 levels and factor VII activity were significantly higher in the diabetic patients with nephropathy than in diabetic patients without nephropathy. Plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and PAI-1 were significantly higher in the diabetic patients with neuropathy than the diabetic patients without neuropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data demonstrated that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had a hypercoagulable state and hypofibrinolysis, thereby indicating that activation of coagulation with a reduced fibrinolytic activity may contribute to the increased risk of vascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey. cihangirerem@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Cihangir
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erem
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hacihasanoğlu
authors.forename: Sükrü
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Ercüment
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ovali
authors.forename: H Onder
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Ersöz
authors.forename: Kubilay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ukinç
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Deger
authors.forename: Münir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Telatar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors