title: Clinical implications of the immunomodulatory effects of macrolides on sinusitis.
abstract: This article reviews the treatment of chronic sinusitis with macrolides. Chronic sinusitis is often the result of bacterial infections that lead to chronic inflammation with thickening of the sinus mucosa and hypersecretion of mucus. In addition to their anti-infective properties, some macrolides possess immunomodulatory effects. These macrolides have been used successfully to treat diffuse panbronchiolitis, a progressive inflammatory lung disease, and may be useful for treatment of asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic sinusitis, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiectasis. The clinical benefits of macrolides in patients with chronic sinusitis include decreased nasal secretions and postnasal drip, with improvement in nasal obstruction. In vivo and in vitro studies show that some macrolides affect neutrophil chemotaxis and infiltration, inflammatory cytokine production, mucus production, and the transportability of airway secretions. These findings indicate that macrolides are promising agents for treating chronic inflammation of the airways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mie University School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Majima
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018942:Macrolides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009093:Mucus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D018942:Macrolides