title: Snoring and progression of coronary artery disease: The Stockholm Female Coronary Angiography Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Snoring is associated with a significant increased risk for acute myocardial infarction and stroke. However, our knowledge of mechanisms is still incomplete. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of snoring in combination with feelings of tiredness on the 3-year progression of atherosclerosis in women with cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Repeated quantitative coronary angiograms were carried out with an average time interval of 3.25 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Thoracic Radiology at Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample comprised 103 women cardiac patients with repeated, valid, and comparable measurement of quantitative coronary angiograms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Absolute luminal diameter (in mm) was measured in 10 predefined coronary segments. Mean segment diameter was calculated as the mean of all diameters measured along a given segment. The change over time was calculated by subtracting the first from the second measurement. Snoring and feelings of tiredness were measured by a short version of the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire. We found that snoring women, after adjusting for age, waist-hip ratio, smoking, event at hospitalization, education, hypertension and alcohol intake, had a statistically significantly larger progression of atherosclerosis than did nonsnoring women (0.18 mm vs 0.07 mm change; P = .0006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Snoring contributes to the atherosclerotic process and should be taken into consideration when treating patients with cardiac disease.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institute, Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Constanze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Leineweber
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kecklund
authors.forename: Imre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janszky
authors.forename: Torbjörn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akerstedt
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Orth-Gomér
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005221:Fatigue / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D012913:Snoring / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013548:Sweden