title: [Localization of human telomere repeat binding factor 1 in telomerase-positive and-negative cells and its expression during cell cycle].
abstract: To observe the distribution pattern of human telomere repeat binding factor 1(TRF1) in the telomerase-positive (HeLa) and telomerase-negative cells (WI38-2RA) and to investigate its expression level during the cell cycle.
  
  
  
  The full-length sequences of TRF1(TRF1FL) and its mutant with N and C terminus deletion (TRF1DeltaNC) were generated by PCR amplification, the resulting fragments were cloned into pEGFP-C2 mammalian expression vector. GFP-tagged proteins were verified by Western blotting with rabbit anti-TRF1 and mouse anti-GFP antibodies after cell transfection. Immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the TRF1 localization in HeLa and WI38-2RA cells. Metaphase spreads from HeLa cells were also prepared to observe TRF1 localization in chromosomes. HeLa cells were arrested by thymidine and nocodazole at different cell stages. Cell cycles were analyzed by flow cytometry and TRF1 levels were evaluated by semi-quantitative Western blotting.
  
  
  
  TRF1FL and TRF1PNC fragments were sized about 1.3 kb and 0.95 kb. GFP-tagged TRF1FL and TRF1DeltaNC proteins were 80 kD and 60 kD, respectively. In both HeLa and WI38-2RA cells, TRF1FL had a speckled distribution in the nuclei,however, TRF1FL did not coincide with promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear body in HeLa cells while it exclusively did in WI38-2RA cells. Moreover, TRF1FL was exactly localized at the termini of metaphase spreads in HeLa cells. In contrast, TRF1PNC was diffusely distributed throughout the nuclei. Analysis by semi-quantitative Western blotting indicated that TRF1 levels increased with cell cycle progression, which reached the zenith at the M phase and went down to the nadir at G1/S point. The TRF1 level at M phase was about 3.9 times than that at G1/S point(t=12.92iP<0.01).
  
  
  
  TRF1 has a different localization in telomerase-positive and telomerase-negative cells, which suggests TRF1 might exert different functions in these cells. TRF1 level is regulated with cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Jian-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lan
authors.forename: Xiao-yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: La
authors.forename: Yuan-yuan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jing-yuan
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Ya-min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ji-min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Mao-fang
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D002453:Cell Cycle; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000473:pathology; D009154:Mutation; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D035321:Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D034501:Telomere-Binding Proteins; D035321:Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 1; D019098:Telomerase