Epigenetics and cancer.
Both genetics and epigenetics regulate gene expression in cancer. Regulation by genetics involves a change in the DNA sequence, whereas epigenetic regulation involves alteration in chromatin structure and methylation of the promoter region. During the initiation, development, and progression of cancer, a number of genes undergo epigenetic changes. Some of these changes can be used as biomarkers for early detection of cancer as well as to follow treatment. A panel of epigenetic biomarkers is preferred to a single biomarker in clinical assays. Changes in gene expression due to epigenetic regulation can be reversed by chemicals, and this approach opens up a novel approach in cancer prevention and treatment.
Verma
Mukesh
M
Cancer Biomarkers Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7324, USA. vermam@mail.nih.gov
Maruvada
Padma
P
Srivastava
Sudhir
S
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor