title: Potential action of androstenedione on the proliferation and apoptosis of stromal endometrial cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperandrogenic conditions have been associated with a high prevalence of endometrial pathologies related to cell survival. However, the action of androgens on proliferation and apoptosis in endometrial cells is poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of androstenedione on cell proliferation, cell death and expression of estrogen receptor (ER) isoforms and proteins related to apoptosis in endometrial cells using two in vitro experimental approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  The endometrial tissue was obtained from 20 eumenorrheic women [28.7 (25 - 35) years] during the early secretory phase. We analyzed cell proliferation (immunohistochemistry of Ki-67 and spectrophotometric assay); apoptosis (DNA fragmentation (TUNEL) and Annexin V-FITC binding); ER-alpha, ER-beta bcl-2 and bax mRNA abundance (RT-PCR) in explants and isolated endometrial epithelial (EEC) and stromal cells (ESC) incubated with androstenedione 1 micro mol/l (A4) or A4 plus hydroxyflutamide 10 micro mol/l (F) for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In explants, A4 induced an increase of cell proliferation and a decrease on apoptosis in the stromal compartment (p < 0.05). In isolated ESC, proliferation augmented with A4 (p < 0.05), whereas, no significant modifications in the expression of ER-alpha, ER-beta bcl-2 and bax nor in the apoptotic index were observed. In EEC, A4 increase the ER-beta mRNA abundance (p < 0.05) and a decrease of the bcl-2/bax ratio (p < 0.05), without an increase in the apoptotic index. Hydroxyflutamide reverted the effect of androstenedione on the parameters described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that androstenedione may modulate cell survival, expression of ER-beta and proteins related to apoptosis, suggesting a potential mechanism that associates the effect of hyperandrogenemia on the endometrial tissue.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Maternal and Child Research, School of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. mmaliqueo@med.uchile.cl <mmaliqueo@med.uchile.cl>
authors.forename: Manuel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Maliqueo
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Quezada
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clementi
authors.forename: Ketty
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bacallao
authors.forename: Mabel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anido
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vega
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000328:Adult; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005485:Flutamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C494826:BAX protein, human; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C014290:hydroxyflutamide; D000735:Androstenedione; D005485:Flutamide