title: Streptococcus pyogenes pharyngeal isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Spain: mechanisms of resistance and clonal diversity.
abstract: A survey of emm gene sequences and an analysis of the pulsed-field electrophoretic profiles of 30 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates with reduced susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin detected the prevalence of isolates with emm type 6 and considerable genetic diversity among isolates. The mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance in these isolates was based on point mutations in topoisomerase IV subunit C encoded by parC, mainly replacement of serine-79 by alanine.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Investigación, Edificio D, 1 planta, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Andrea Doria, 55, Palma de Mallorca 07014, Spain. salberti@hsd.es
authors.forename: Sebastián
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albertí
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cortés
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Rey
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baquero
authors.forename: José Angel
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bouza
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aguilar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000235:genetics*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010612:Pharyngitis / Q000382:microbiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D017354:Point Mutation; D013030:Spain; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C014689:streptococcal M protein; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV