title: [TIR domain--containing adaptors regulate TLR-mediated signaling pathways].
abstract: Recognition of pathogens by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers innate immune responses via signaling pathways mediated by several Toll/IL-1R (TIR) domain-containing adaptors such as MyD88, TIRAP, and TRIF. MyD88 is a common adaptor that is essential for proinflammatory cytokine production, whereas TRIF mediates the MyD88-independent pathway from TLR3 and TLR4 that is responsible for type I interferon production in response to double-stranded RNA and LPS, respectively. TIRAP specifically participates in the MyD88-dependent pathways shared by TLR2 and TLR4, and TRAM is essential for the TLR4-mediated MyD88-independent pathway. Thus, TIR domain-containing adaptors play an important role in the TLR mediated signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Department of Host Defence, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University.
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; C499045:TIRAP protein, mouse; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051196:Toll-Like Receptor 3; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors