title: A new work placement model for unemployed methadone maintenance patients.
abstract: Traditionally, methadone-maintained patients have made only limited progress in vocational rehabilitation programs, largely because they encounter multiple individual-level barriers to their employment. The Customized Employment Supports (CES) model is designed to help patients overcome these employment barriers and attain paid work as soon as possible. To facilitate this transition, the model assigns CES counselors small caseloads so that, using intensive interventions, they can engage patients in a working alliance and enhance patients' self-efficacy. Methods used to help patients increase their self-efficacy are derived from social psychological literature and include role modeling, persuasion, and minimizing emotional arousal. Because the transition to competitive work is a major change, many patients initially take smaller steps such as entering training programs and accepting informal employment. The CES model is being evaluated in a randomized clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Treatment and Services Research at National Development and Research Institutes, New York, New York 10010, USA.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blankertz
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magura
authors.forename: Graham L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Staines
authors.forename: Elizabeth M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Madison
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spinelli
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: Priti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bali
authors.forename: Honoria
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guarino
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grandy
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D004651:Employment; D006801:Humans; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D014830:Vocational Guidance
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D008691:Methadone