title: Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease using four-dimensional spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) telemedicine via an Internet link: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether the spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) acquisition technique can be taught to a general obstetrician by e-mail; whether STIC volume datasets can be transmitted over the Internet; and whether STIC volume datasets analyzed offline at a remote setting can be used to confirm or exclude major cardiac defects (TELE-STIC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective study involving 50 pregnant women with gestational ages ranging between 20 and 36 weeks. These patients were selected by two general obstetricians (operators) working in geographically remote areas of Chile. Although both obstetricians were users of equipment capable of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound with STIC, they lacked skill in the performance of fetal cardiac examination. A dedicated web disk was created to upload the acquired volume datasets using an Internet broadband connection. Offline analysis was performed by a single investigator experienced in fetal echocardiography (the administrator).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A telemedicine link via the Internet was possible in all cases. Seventy-seven volume datasets were sent to the web server. A complete cardiac examination according to set criteria was achieved by the administrator in 86% of the cases scanned by one operator and 95% of the cases scanned by the other operator. Three patients had cardiac defects confirmed postnatally, two fetuses had extracardiac anomalies and one fetus had a suspected cardiac defect unconfirmed by second-opinion TELE-STIC. There were two isolated major congenital heart defects. Both patients were given advice by e-mail and teleconference using a web camera about the likely outcome and benefits of scheduling in utero transport to a tertiary care center.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  STIC volumes can be obtained by operators inexperienced in fetal echocardiography, transmitted via the Internet, and their analysis enables recognition of most of the structures and views necessary to assess fetal cardiac anatomy. The preliminary use of TELE-STIC allowed us to demonstrate that some intracardiac anomalies can be ruled out and others confirmed, allowing perinatal management to be tailored accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Centro AGB Ultrasonografía, Clinica Sanatorio Alemán, Avda Sanhueza 55, 403A Concepción, Chile. fvinals55@hotmail.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viñals
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mandujano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giuliano
mesh_terms: D002677:Chile; D003906:Developing Countries; D019561:Echocardiography, Four-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000193:education; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011871:Radiology / Q000193:education; D019112:Teleradiology / Q000379:methods*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*