title: Vascular-pedicled costal cartilage graft for the treatment of subglottic and upper tracheal stenosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Free costal cartilage graft for the treatment of subglottic and tracheal stenosis is widely used, but postoperative granulation formation is a problem. To reduce the risk of granulation formation after free costal graft, a new operation of costal cartilage graft with vascular pedicle was introduced.
  
  
  METHODS
  A vascular pedicled fifth costal cartilage graft is prepared using internal thoracic artery and vein and intercostal artery and vein as a vascular pedicle. The prepared graft is brought to the upper trachea. The anterior wall of cricoid is split, and the costal cartilage graft is implanted to the split part and tracheostomy. Extubation on the next day is possible if the general condition of the patient permits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 3 cases of subglottic or upper tracheal stenosis, this operation was performed. All the patients had tracheostomy made during early infancy. The postoperative course was uneventful, and all the patients were extubated soon after the operation. No granulation tissue was observed by postoperative bronchoscopic examinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Costal cartilage graft with vascular pedicle is a safe and useful new operation for the treatment of subglottic and upper tracheal stenosis. There also is a possibility of using this procedure for the treatment of long segment tracheal stenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashizume
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanamori
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomonaga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
mesh_terms: D002356:Cartilage / Q000098:blood supply / Q000637:transplantation*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007829:Laryngostenosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D014135:Tracheal Stenosis / Q000601:surgery*