title: Expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 is required for regulation of biliary cholesterol secretion.
abstract: The major pathway for elimination of cholesterol in mammals is via secretion into bile. Biliary cholesterol secretion is mediated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG5 (G5) and ABCG8 (G8) and is stimulated by cholesterol and by the non-cholesterol steroids cholate and diosgenin. To define the relationship between G5G8 expression and biliary cholesterol secretion, we measured G5 and G8 mRNA levels and biliary cholesterol concentrations in genetically manipulated mice expressing 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, or 16 copies of the two genes. Biliary cholesterol levels varied directly with G5G8 copy number and hepatic mRNA levels over a >16-fold range. Thus neither delivery of cholesterol to the transporter nor levels of cholesterol acceptors in bile were limiting under these conditions. In wild-type mice, cholate and diosgenin both increased biliary cholesterol concentrations 2-3-fold. The increase in biliary cholesterol content was dependent on expression of G5 and G8; neither steroid increased biliary cholesterol levels in G5G8-/- mice. Cholate treatment was associated with a farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-dependent increase in hepatic mRNA and protein levels of G5 and G8. In contrast to cholate, diosgenin treatment did not affect G5G8 expression. Diosgenin increased the expression of several pregnane X receptor (PXR) target genes and the choleretic effect of diosgenin was reduced by approximately 70% in PXR knock-out mice. Thus G5 and G8 are required to modulate biliary cholesterol secretion in response to cholate and diosgenin, but the choleretic effects of these two steroids are mediated by different mechanisms requiring FXR and PXR, respectively.
authors.affiliation: McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9046, USA.
authors.forename: Liqing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Sarita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Amy D B
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Liverman
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moschetta
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mangelsdorf
authors.forename: Joyce J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Repa
authors.forename: Helen H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000071018:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; D000071019:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D020355:Cholates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004144:Diosgenin / Q000494:pharmacology; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C416945:ABCG5 protein, human; C416946:ABCG8 protein, human; D000071018:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 5; D000071019:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 8; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D020355:Cholates; D017931:DNA Primers; D008074:Lipoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002784:Cholesterol; D004144:Diosgenin