title: Diffusion of thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction from 1981 to 2000 in England: trend analysis and comparison with need.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the adoption and take up of thrombolytic agents for acute myocardial infarction since 1980 in England and compare use with the estimated ceiling of need.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on national sales and use of thrombolysis since 1980 (supplied by IMS Health) was used to draw an adoption and diffusion curve. The epidemiological ceiling of acute myocardial infarction, from hospital activity statistics, was modified to an estimated clinical need by accounting for diagnostic difficulty and contraindications using information from published surveys of thrombolysis use in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a rapid uptake of thrombolytic agents in the first 2 years after availability in 1987, then a plateau, followed by a rise to a peak use in 1995. The shortfall in doses resulting from the difference between estimated ceiling of clinical need and doses purchased and provided in the 14 years since availability is estimated as 167,800 (95 percent confidence range 94,000 to 241,700).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there was a rapid initial uptake of thrombolysis in England, usage took 8 years to reach the ceiling of clinical need of 65 percent of patients with acute myocardial infarction, with many patients missing the opportunity to benefit. Monitoring of uptake of innovations known to be cost-effective is required to identify those developments that need additional stimulus for change to ensure that patients do not miss out on the opportunity to benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK. c.packer@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Raftery
mesh_terms: D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004739:England; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006291:Health Policy / Q000639:trends; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents