title: Home-based resistance training is not sufficient to maintain improved glycemic control following supervised training in older individuals with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether improvements in glycemic control and body composition resulting from 6 months of supervised high-intensity progressive resistance training could be maintained after an additional 6 months of home-based resistance training.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a 12-month randomized controlled trial in 36 sedentary, overweight men and women with type 2 diabetes (aged 60-80 years) who were randomly assigned to moderate weight loss plus high-intensity progressive resistance training (RT&WL group) or moderate weight loss plus a control program (WL group). Supervised gymnasium-based training for 6 months was followed by an additional 6 months of home-based training. Glycemic control (HbA1c), body composition, muscle strength, and metabolic syndrome abnormalities were assessed at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with the WL group, HbA1c decreased significantly more in the RT&WL group (-0.8%) during 6 months of supervised gymnasium-based training; however, this effect was not maintained after an additional 6 months of home-based training. In contrast, the greater increase in lean body mass (LBM) observed in the RT&WL group compared with the WL group (0.9 kg, P < 0.05) after the gymnasium-based training tended to be maintained after the home-based training (0.8 kg, P = 0.08). Similarly, the gymnasium-based increases in upper body and lower body muscle strength in the RT&WL group were maintained over the 12 months (P < 0.001). There were no between-group differences for changes in body weight, fat mass, fasting glucose, or insulin at 6 or 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In older adults with type 2 diabetes, home-based progressive resistance training was effective for maintaining the gymnasium-based improvements in muscle strength and LBM but not glycemic control. Reductions in adherence and exercise training volume and intensity seem to impede the effectiveness of home-based training for maintaining improved glycemic control.
authors.affiliation: International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ddunstan@idi.org.au
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Dunstan
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: Neville
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jolley
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vulikh
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zimmet
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D049628:Body Size; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015444:Exercise; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009765:Obesity / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin