title: Influence of rol genes in floriculture.
abstract: Traditionally, new traits have been introduced into ornamental plants through classical breeding. However, genetic engineering now enables specific alterations of single traits in already successful varieties. New or improved varieties of floricultural crops can be obtained by acting on floral traits, such as color, shape or fragrance, on vase life in cut-flower species, and on rooting potential or overall plant morphology. Overexpression of the rol genes of the Ri plasmid of Agrobacterium rhizogenes in plants alters several of the plant's developmental processes and affects their architecture. Both A. rhizogenes- and rol-transgenic plants display the "hairy-root phenotype", although specific differences are found between species and between transgenic lines. In general, these plants show a dwarfed phenotype, reduced apical dominance, smaller, wrinkled leaves, increased rooting, altered flowering and reduced fertility. Among the rol genes, termed rolA, B, C and D, rolC has been the most widely studied because its effects are the most advantageous in terms of improving ornamental and horticultural traits. In addition to the dwarfness and the increase in lateral shoots that lead to a bushy phenotype, rolC-plants display more, smaller flowers, and advanced flowering; surprisingly, these plants may have better rooting capacity and they show almost no undesirable traits. rolD, the least studied among the rol genes, offers promising applications due to its promotion of flowering. Although the biochemical functions of rol genes remain poorly understood, they are useful tools for improving ornamental flowers, as their expression in transgenic plants yields many beneficial traits.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Unitat de Fisiologia Vegetal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. evac@bio.ub.es
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casanova
authors.forename: Maria Isabel
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Trillas
authors.forename: Lluïsa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Moysset
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vainstein
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D035264:Flowers / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D001617:beta-Glucosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C081170:iaaM protein, Agrobacterium; C096589:rolA protein, Agrobacterium rhizogenes; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C024274:adenylate isopentenyltransferase; C092241:RolB protein, Agrobacterium rhizogenes; D001617:beta-Glucosidase