title: [Effects of hand massage and hand holding on the anxiety in patients with local infiltration anesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was to examine the effects of hand massage and hand holding as nursing interventions on the anxiety in patients with local infiltration anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design of this study was a nonequivalent, control group, non- synchronized design. The subjects of this study consisted of 15 patients for the hand group, 15 patients for the hand holding group and 17 patients for the control group awaiting surgery in the operation room of a general hospital in Daegu. As an experimental treatment, hand massage was carried out by the Hand Massage Protocol developed by Snyder (1995) and interpreted by Cho (1998) and hand holding developed by Cho (1998). The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN, T-test, ANOVA, Cronbach's alpha, and the Scheffe test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The hand massage group and hand holding group were more effective than the control group in reducing anxiety, VAS score, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hand massage and hand holding are effective nursing interventions that alleviates the psychological and physiological anxiety of patients with local infiltration anesthesia. In particular, the simple contact of hand holding is regarded as an effective and easily accessible nursing intervention in the operating room.
authors.affiliation: Kwak's Hospital Operating Room, Dague 700-734, Korea. ohj28@hanmail.net
authors.forename: Hyun-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jeong-Sook
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000451:nursing*; D001007:Anxiety / Q000451:nursing*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage; D008875:Middle Aged