title: Initiation of reflective frames in counseling for Huntingtons Disease predictive testing.
abstract: Genetic professionals and clients are likely to assign different meanings to the extended format of the counseling protocols for predictive testing. In order to facilitate informed, client-centered decisions about the possibility of predictive testing, counselors routinely use the question format to initiate what we call "reflective frames" that invite clients to discuss their feelings and encourage them to adopt introspective and self-reflective stances toward their own experience--spanning the past, the present, and the hypothetical future. We suggest that such initiations of reflective frames constitute a key element of counselors' nondirective stance, although the exact nature of their formulations can be complex and varied. Examining 24 Huntington's Disease (HD) clinic sessions involving 12 families in South Wales with the tools of discourse analysis, our focus in this paper is twofold: (i) to propose a classification of six types of reflective questions (e.g. nonspecific invites, awareness and anxiety, decision about testing, impact of result, dissemination, and other) and to examine their distribution across the various clinic appointments, and (ii) to investigate the scope of these questions in terms of temporal and social axes. We link our analysis to the current debate within the genetic counseling profession about the merits of reflection- versus information-focused counseling styles and the need to abide by professionally warranted and institutionally embedded counseling protocols.
authors.affiliation: Health Communication Research Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff Wales, United Kindgom. sarangi@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: Srikant
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarangi
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bennert
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: Angus
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: Jonathon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gray
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001364:Awareness; D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D005817:Genetic Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology; D009629:Person-Centered Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012803:Sick Role