title: Results of treatment of distal rectal carcinoma since the introduction of total mesorectal excision: a single unit experience, 1994-2003.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reviewed the results of surgery for distal rectal cancer (where the tumour was within 6 cm of the anal verge) following the introduction of total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in one institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and fifty-three patients who had undergone elective curative surgical resection of rectal cancer within 6 cm of the anal verge were included. The demographic, operative and follow-up data were collected retrospectively. Comparisons were made between patients who had different surgical procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall operative mortality rate was nil, and the morbidity 41%. With a mean follow-up of 37 months (range 5-100 months), local recurrence occurred in 18 of the patients. The 5-year actuarial local recurrence rates for double-stapled anastomosis, low-strength anastomosis and abdominoperineal resection (APR) were 39, 17 and 11% respectively. The local recurrence rate was significantly higher for double-stapled low anterior resection than for the other types of operation (P=0.007). On multivariate analysis type of surgery (P=0.025) and tumour stage (P=0.043), were associated with local recurrence, but only stage was a significant prognosticator of overall survival (P=0.0006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the practice of total mesorectal excision, APR was still necessary in 40% of patients with rectal cancer within 6 cm of the anal verge. The local recurrence rate was lower in patients treated with APR than in those with double-stapled low anterior resection; however, survival rates were similar in these two groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, European Institute of Oncology, Via G. Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy. antonio.chiappa@unimi.it
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiappa
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biffi
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Zbar
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luca
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crotti
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertani
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biella
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zampino
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Orecchia
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venturino
authors.forename: Cristiano
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crosta
authors.forename: Gian Carlo
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Pruneri
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Andreoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome