title: Apoptosis inhibition plays a greater role than necrosis inhibition in decreasing bacterial translocation in experimental intestinal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During small-bowel transplantation, necrosis and apoptosis are involved in the destruction of intestinal epithelial cells. This study was conducted to assess which mode of cell death plays a greater role as a trigger of the bacterial translocation (BT) associated with intestinal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The following experimental groups were studied: sham, Tx (intestinal transplantation), Tx + poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), and Tx + caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk. Histological analysis, caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, and BT were measured in tissue samples after transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During intestinal transplantation, apoptosis and necrosis both increased, showing graft injury and high levels of BT. Rats treated with 3-AB showed histological protection of the transplanted graft and a tendency toward lower BT despite the existence of high apoptosis levels. The rats treated with Z-VAD showed histological protection of the transplanted graft and decreased levels of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. The Tx + Z-VAD group showed the lowest levels of BT in all tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In small intestinal transplantation, both apoptosis and cell necrosis give rise to histological injury and BT. Apoptosis inhibition and necrosis inhibition treatments protect intestinal grafts from ischemia/reperfusion injury; Z-VAD supplementation has a greater effect on BT prevention than does administration of the PARS inhibitor 3-AB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Specialties, University of Barcelona School of Medicine, Campus Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Azuara
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sola
authors.forename: Georgina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hotter
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Calatayud
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Oca
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000502:physiology*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D053148:Caspase 3; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D001549:Benzamides; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000067856:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; C025160:3-aminobenzamide; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases