title: Prophylactic nebulized lidocaine attenuates hyperdynamic response to abrupt mask inhalation of isoflurane in adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether prophylactic, atomized lidocaine blunts hyperdynamic responses and catecholamine release after an abrupt increase in volatile anesthetic administration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  22 ASA physical status I adult patients scheduled for elective surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were randomly assigned to the saline or lidocaine group, and abruptly inhaled 5% isoflurane (4.3 MAC) after inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized lidocaine or saline via endoscopy mask. An esophageal Doppler probe was inserted via the mask to assess global hemodynamic performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediately after abrupt inhalation of isoflurane, heart rate (HR) in the saline group increased significantly and mean arterial pressure (MAP) remained unchanged, whereas HR in the lidocaine group remained unchanged, and MAP decreased significantly. No significant differences were noted between the saline and lidocaine groups in aortic blood flow, stroke volume in the aorta, total systemic vascular resistance in the aortic circuit, or aortic diameter. The plasma norepinephrine concentration increased in both groups after isoflurane inhalation, significantly so in the saline group but not in the lidocaine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic ultrasonically nebulized lidocaine (2 mg/kg) obtunds the hyperdynamic responses to abrupt inhalation of 5% isoflurane but does not completely block catecholamine release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.forename: Zen'ichiro
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wajima
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004357:Drug Synergism; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D008875:Middle Aged; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002395:Catecholamines; D008012:Lidocaine; D007530:Isoflurane