title: Behavioral and hypnotic treatments for insomnia subtypes.
abstract: This investigation compared progressive muscle relaxation plus cognitive distraction (PMR/CD), hypothesized to better improve sleep onset, versus sleep restriction and stimulus control (SR/SC), hypothesized to better improve sleep maintenance, versus a flurazepam (Dalmane) positive contrast condition (MED) and a sleep hygiene education minimal treatment control condition (SHE). Participants with chronic insomnia (N = 53), completed 2 baseline weeks of sleep diaries, and were randomly assigned to a treatment group for 2 more weeks. In the second phase, PMR/CD participants were assigned to 2 weeks of PMR/CD + SR/SC + SHE while SHE participants continued SHE. Results indicated that PMR/CD had greater effect upon sleep onset than SR/SC and SHE, SR/SC had greater effect on sleep maintenance than PMR/CD, and MED was better than the other treatments. In the second phase, the treatment package produced modest additional improvements and SHE performed superior to expectations.
authors.affiliation: Ochsner Clinic Foundation, Baton Rouge 70809, USA. wwaters@ochsner.org
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hurry
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Binks
authors.forename: Colleen E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Lajos
authors.forename: Kristi H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Tai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005479:Flurazepam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D017286:Polysomnography; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D012146:Rest; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D005479:Flurazepam