title: [Modulation of immune response to Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 DNA vaccine by cytokine plasmids].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of cytokine encoding plasmids on DNA immunization in mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prototype DNA vaccine VR1020/E which contain Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) ectodomain was constructed, and eukaryotic expression vectors pcDNA3/GM-CSF, pcDNA3.1(-)/IL-4, pIL-12 and pGM-CSF/pTPA-E were also built. BALB/c mice were immunized with VR1020/E alone or with VR1020/E plus different cytokine plasmids. Serum IgG and its subtype were determined by ELISA and in vitro splenocyte proliferation assay was done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GM-CSF, IL-4 and IL-12 encoding plasmids all promoted mice immune response to VR1020/E, the antibody level increased 7 to 10 times and splenocyte proliferation was enhanced too. Plasmid pcDNA3/GM-CSF induced much more IgG1 whereas plasmid pIL-12 induced much more IgG2a.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine encoding plasmids might be used as adjuvant in AMA1 DNA immunization.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, General Hospital of Tibet Military Area, Lasa 850003, China.
authors.forename: Xun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miao
authors.forename: Jun-chuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Cai-fang
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Xian-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Zhong-xiang
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shu-mei
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000517:prevention & control; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010957:Plasmids / Q000276:immunology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D016052:Protozoan Vaccines; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; C090077:apical membrane antigen I, Plasmodium; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4