title: Are symptom reports useful for differentiating between acute rejection and pulmonary infection after lung transplantation?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prompt treatment of acute rejection and pulmonary infection reduces morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Symptoms, spirometry, and bronchoscopy are used to detect these complications. Of these, symptom reporting is the least invasive, yet has received little critical examination.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the potential for using reports of symptoms, such as cough and shortness of breath, to recognize clinically significant acute rejection and pulmonary infection after lung transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Symptoms reported during routine follow-up visits were compared between lung transplant recipients (LTR) with clinically significant acute rejection (grade >or= A2) and those without (grade A0 or A1) and between LTR with rejection (grade >or= A2) and those with pulmonary infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LTR with rejection (grade >or= A2) reported more symptoms (P < .01) than did those without (grade A0, A1); however, the magnitude of difference was minimal. LTR with clinically significant acute rejection (grade >or= A2) reported symptoms at a rate comparable with those having pulmonary infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although symptoms may alert LTR to changes in their condition, no symptoms (respiratory, general, or activities of daily living [ADL]) differentiate between grades of rejection or pulmonary infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 336 Victoria Bldg., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Vito Dabbs
authors.forename: Leslie A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Aldo T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Iacono
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Zullo
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: McCurry
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dauber
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003371:Cough / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome