title: Cell invasion and IL-8 production pathways initiated by YadA of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis require common signalling molecules (FAK, c-Src, Ras) and distinct cell factors.
abstract: The YadA protein of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis promotes tight adhesion and invasion into mammalian cells through beta(1)-integrins. In this work, we demonstrate that YadA also triggers the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in host cells and we identify intracellular signal transduction mechanisms involved in YadA-initiated cell invasion and/or IL-8 synthesis. Tyrosine protein kinases, including the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and c-Src, as well as the small GTPase Ras, were shown to play a significant role in both YadA-promoted cell processes. YadA-mediated cell contact led to autophosphorylation of FAK at position Tyr397 and induced GTP-loading of Ras. Furthermore, IL-8 production and invasion induced by YadA were strongly reduced in FAK- and c-Src-deficient cells and in cells overexpressing dominant interfering forms of FAK, c-Src or Ras. We also demonstrate that YadA activates the Ras-dependent Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 and JNK. Moreover, inhibition of ERK1/2 by pharmacological agents or overexpression of dominant negative FAK, c-Src or Ras abrogated IL-8 release, whereas invasion remained unaffected. In contrast, actin polymerization and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity is essential for YadA-promoted cell entry, but not for cytokine secretion. We conclude that YadA triggers FAK-Src complex formation and subsequent Ras activation, which leads to the stimulation of MAPKs-dependent IL-8 production or to PI3K-dependent invasion.
authors.affiliation: Junior Research Group 6, Robert Koch Institut, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Eitel
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Heise
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Thiesen
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dersch
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D002460:Cell Line; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D015011:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D048490:raf Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D019061:src-Family Kinases
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D016209:Interleukin-8; C064832:YadA protein, Yersinia; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D000081247:CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; C496051:Ptk2 protein, mouse; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C000631346:CSK protein, human; D048490:raf Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D018631:ras Proteins