title: The in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity of Boiga dendrophila (mangrove catsnake) venom.
abstract: The great taxonomic and prey base diversity of colubrids (non-front-fanged snakes) suggests that their venoms may represent a 'literal gold mine' for scientists eager to find novel pharmacological probes. While pharmacological characterization is lacking for most of these venoms, this is even more so with regard to activity of colubrid venoms on the mammalian autonomic nervous system. This study characterizes the activity of venom from the colubrid, Boiga dendrophila using in vitro smooth muscle preparations and the anaesthetized rat. In the prostatic segment of the rat vas deferens, cumulative additions of venom (1-150 microg ml(-1)) induced concentration-dependent inhibition of electrically evoked (0.2 Hz, 0.3 ms, 70-100 V) twitches. The inhibitory effect of venom (100 microg ml(-1)) was attenuated by 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT) (20 microM) and 8-cyclopentyl-1, 3-dipropylxanthine (20 microM) but not idazoxan (1 microM), or a combination of ranitidine (0.2 microM) and thioperamide (10 microM). The inhibitory effect of venom (100 microg ml(-1)) was augmented by dipyridamole (10 microM) but abolished by pretreatment with adenosine deaminase (7.5 units/100 microl) suggesting that it contains components with adenosine A(1) receptor activity, most likely adenosine. In isolated segments of guinea-pig ileum, venom (10-100 microg ml(-1)) caused concentration-dependent contractions which were inhibited by the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (0.1 microM) but not by the histamine receptor antagonist mepyramine (0.5 microM). In the anaesthetized rat, venom (5-7.5 mg kg(-1), i.v.) caused a hypotensive effect. Our data suggest that the venom contains components with purinergic and muscarinic receptor activity.
authors.affiliation: Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Lumsden
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kini
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Hodgson
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D058892:Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D017812:Colubridae / Q000502:physiology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004822:Epididymis / Q000187:drug effects; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D011467:Prostate / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic / Q000187:drug effects; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014649:Vas Deferens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058892:Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D006635:Histamine H2 Antagonists; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D011983:Receptors, Purinergic; D012910:Snake Venoms; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D006632:Histamine; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D000241:Adenosine