title: Synchronized infection of cell cultures by magnetically controlled virus.
abstract: To override the diffusion-limited adsorption step of viral infection, we magnetically synchronized cell attachment. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-based lentivirus preparations were rendered magnetically reactive by association with magnetite nanoparticles, 50 nm in diameter. Application of a magnetic field resulted in immediate redistribution of the viral inoculum to the cell-associated state and completion of the productive adsorption process within 1 min. Independent of adsorption time, viral concentration, and diffusion rate, infection subsequently progressed by the receptor-mediated entry mechanism. Synchronization of this rate-limiting step of infection may now be applied to analyze isolated events in the viral replication sequence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel. hhaim@md.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Hillel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haim
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panet
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000166:cytology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000821:virology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D008280:Magnetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051381:Rats; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000378:metabolism; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: C028391:G protein, vesicular stomatitis virus; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins