title: Activity of inferior head of human lateral pterygoid muscle during standardized lateral jaw movements.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (a) To describe the changes in electromyographic (EMG) activity from selected jaw muscles during a standardized lateral jaw movement with the teeth together, and (b) to investigate the effects on jaw muscle activity of changes in both the rate of lateral jaw movement and the relative magnitude of jaw-closing force.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 16 healthy volunteers, recordings were made using a jaw-tracking system, of mid-incisor point (MIPT) movements, as well as EMG activity from the contralateral inferior head of the lateral pterygoid muscle (IHLP), and bilateral anterior and posterior temporalis, masseter and submandibular muscles, during lateral jaw movement tasks at two speeds and two closing force levels with the teeth together.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The IHLP was the only muscle to show a consistent increase in activity in association with the outgoing phase of the task and a decrease during the return phase. Under high closing force at slow speed, the EMG activities of the IHLP and bilateral anterior temporalis and masseter muscles were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those under a low closing force, while there was no significant change (p > 0.05) in bilateral posterior temporalis and submandibular muscles. The change from slow to fast lateral movement at low force did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter the mean activity except for the IHLP (increase in activity) and the contralateral anterior temporalis (decrease in activity).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that the IHLP is one of the principal jaw muscles involved in a lateral jaw movement with the teeth together while the other jaw muscles may play a contributory or facilitatory role.
authors.affiliation: Jaw Function and Orofacial Pain Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Level 3, Professorial Unit, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
authors.forename: B Y
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whittle
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Murray
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005246:Feedback; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D007568:Jaw / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000502:physiology; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement; D011626:Pterygoid Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000502:physiology