title: Uptake of hepatitis B virus into choriocarcinoma cells in the presence of proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro experimental model that mimics the interaction of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the trophoblastic barrier.
  
  
  METHODS
  The barrier was represented by choriocarcinoma cell line, JAR cells, which were incubated with HBV in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). At 12-hour intervals after a 24-hour incubation, the infection efficiency was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of culture supernatants, immunohistochemistry of cell slides, Western blotting of cell lysates, polymerase chain reaction amplification for viral DNA of infected cells, and transmission electron microscopy for HBsAg particles in infected cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the absence of TNF-alpha, many JAR cell colonies showed a negative or punctate positive pattern after incubation with HBV. But when JAR cells were pretreated with TNF-alpha before cocultured with HBV, the infection was greatly enhanced, whereas the differences observed between the various time points in the second series of experiments did not reach a statistically significant level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  JAR cells can support HBV infection in the presence of TNF-alpha. Our in vitro system provides key basis on further study reflecting mechanism of in vivo HBV intrauterine infection and transfer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 17, Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032,China. xueping127@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Xue-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Fu-Jun
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: De-Zhong
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yong-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Men
authors.forename: Jing-Xia
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000635:transmission; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha