title: The effect of sodium butyrate in combination with ATRA on the proliferation/differentiation of SKM-1.
abstract: To explore the molecular mechanisms of sodium butyrate working on SKM-1 cell proliferation/differentiation and to study its synergistic effect with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), SKM-1 cells were grown in the absence or presence of sodium butyrate and/or ATRA. The percentage of viable cells was determined by trypan blue exclusion. Differentiation was determined by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and cell surface adhesion molecules was analyzed by FACS. Cell cycle distribution was examined after DNA staining by propidium iodide. D-type cyclins, cdks and P21 mRNA were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that sodiun butyrate and/or ATRA blocked cells mainly in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. ATRA inhibited the mRNA expression of CDK6, CDK4, cyclinD3 and cyclinD1. Sodium butyrate inhibited the mRNA expression of CDK2, cyclinD2 and cyclinD1. ATRA and sodium butyrate inhibited the mRNA expression of CDK6, CDK4, CDK2, cyclinD1, cyclinD2 and cyclinD3. Both ATRA and/or sodium butyrate stimulated p21 expression at the mRNA levels. Our results suggest that the effect of sodium butyrate on cell proliferation/differentiation might be linked to its ability to induce expression of p21 mRNA and inhibit the cyclin-cdk complexes. Our observations support the notion that the sodium butyrate works synergistically with ATRA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chunrui
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jinniu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Donghua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hanying
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007948:Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002087:Butyrates; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014212:Tretinoin