title: Activation of Cdk2-pRB-E2F1 cell cycle pathway by repeated electroconvulsive shock in the rat frontal cortex.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent reports indicate that repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) induces cortical cell proliferation, suggesting the possibility that ECS may activate cell cycle progression in the rat brain cortex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats (150-200g) were divided into four treatment groups and then given sham treatment or ECS treatment for 1, 5, and 10 days, respectively. The activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2), phosphorylation, and total protein amount of cyclin D1, cyclin E, pocket retinoblastoma family of protein (pRB), and E2F1 were analyzed in the rat cerebral cortex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The activity of Cdk2, the protein amount of pRB, Ser795 phosphorylation of pRB, and the protein amount of E2F1 were all increased compared with the sham-treated control subjects, and these increases were enhanced with the increasing number of ECS. In contrast, the protein amounts of Cdk2, cyclin D1, and cyclin E were not changed by repeated ECS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Cdk2-pRB-E2F1 cell cycle pathway is activated by repeated ECS in the rat frontal cortex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science and Institute for Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Yeni
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myoung-Suk
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Ung-Gu
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Se Chang
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Yong-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Yong Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong-Sung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Juhnn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000378:metabolism; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D004597:Electroshock; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000528:radiation effects; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000528:radiation effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019927:Cyclin E; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493755:E2f1 protein, rat; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019938:Cyclin D1; D012694:Serine; D042846:CDC2-CDC28 Kinases; C495892:Cdk2 protein, rat; D051357:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2