title: Selective attention event-related potential effects from auditory novel stimuli in children and adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated differences between children and adults in selective attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Event-related potentials of 9 year-old children and adults were studied. Subjects performed an active dichotic novelty oddball task. We examined age-related differences in early selection by comparing non-target tones and late selection by comparing target tones in the attended and unattended channels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In children, an attention effect was seen on the N1 response to standard tones. For the targets, both children and adults displayed enhanced P3b amplitudes on the attended side, and in adults, an attention effect was also seen on the N2 response. In children, novelty-elicited N2 responses were larger to left ear stimuli irrespective of the direction of attention. Adults displayed enhanced novelty-elicited N2 amplitudes on the attended side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Developmental changes occur both in early attentional selection and target detection. Children employed efficiently the mechanisms of early selection when processing standard stimuli, whereas their processes in relation to novel stimuli were attention-independent and even varied with ear. Adults were able to maintain their attentional focus in the presence of unexpected stimuli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study contribute to elucidation of the development of selective attention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland. sara.maatt@kuh.fi
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Määttä
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pääkkönen
authors.forename: Pia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saavalainen
authors.forename: Juhani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Partanen
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010897:Pitch Discrimination / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology