title: The Helix aspersa (brown garden snail) allergen repertoire.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ingestion of snails can induce strong asthmatic or anaphylactic responses, mainly in house-dust-mite-sensitized patients. The aim of this study was to identify the Helix aspersa (Hel a), Theba pisana (The p) and Otala lactea (Ota l) allergens and the extent of their cross-reactivity with the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) mite.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 60 atopic patients, skin prick tests (SPT) to snail and D. pteronyssinus, total and specific IgE, specific IgE immunoblots, RAST and immunoblot inhibition assays were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean total IgE was >1,000 kU/l. Mean specific IgE (class 6 for Der p and class 2 for Hel a) SPT were positive in 44 patients for snail and in 56 for mite. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) and SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting of H. aspersa extract enabled the identification of 27 and 20 allergens, respectively. Myosin heavy chains from snails (molecular weight >208 kDa) disclosed two major allergens. Hel a and Der p RAST were strongly inhibited by their homologous extracts, with Hel a RAST being inhibited by the Der p extract to a much greater extent (72.6%) than the inverse (5.6%). A complete inhibition of the immunoblots by their homologous extract was obtained. However, Hel a extract did not inhibit Der p IEF separated recognition. On the other hand, mite extract extensively inhibited snail immunoblots from both IEF and SDS-PAGE separations. Immune detection on chicken, pig, rabbit, cow and horse myosins did not reveal any IgE cross recognition with snail.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most cases of snail allergy, mite appeared to be the sensitizing agent. Nevertheless, snails may also be able to induce sensitization by themselves. This hypothesis is supported by the finding of specific IgE to Hel a in 2 patients who did not show specific IgE to Der p, and one of them was suffering from asthma after snail ingestion.
authors.affiliation: University of Evora, Evora, and S. Bernardo Hospital, Setúbal, Portugal. lmlm@uevora.pt
authors.forename: Luís Miguel Lourenço
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peltre
authors.forename: Carlos José Fialho
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: da Costa Faro
authors.forename: Euclides Manuel Vieira
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pires
authors.forename: Filipe Fernando
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: da Cruz Inácio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D001249:Asthma / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D003231:Conjunctivitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D003429:Cross Reactions / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005602:France; D006372:Helix, Snails / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D039981:Pyroglyphidae / Q000276:immunology*; D011852:Radioallergosorbent Test; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D007073:Immunoglobulin E