title: Motor impairing effects of ethanol and diazepam in rats selectively bred for high and low ethanol consumption in a limited-access paradigm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Some clinical studies suggest that an initial low-level response in ethanol sensitivity is a good predictor of risk for developing subsequent high levels of ethanol consumption in humans; however, there are some inconsistencies in the data. In experimental research, this association between low ethanol sensitivity and high ethanol intake has not been consistently reported in studies that have used rat lines that have been genetically selected for differences in ethanol intake under continuous access conditions (e.g., UChA versus UchB, P versus NP, AA versus ANA). The present study investigated ethanol sensitivity in high (HARF) and low (LARF) ethanol-preferring rats selectively bred under limited-access conditions. For comparative purposes, motor impairment induced by diazepam was also examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Motor impairment was assessed using the tilt plane. Ethanol (1.25, 2.0, and 2.5 g/kg, intraperitoneally) was administered to ethanol-naive male and female HARF and LARF rats, and their performance was assessed at t = 0, 30, and 60 min. Blood ethanol levels were measured in a separate group of ethanol-naive rats. Finally, in a separate group of male and female HARF and LARF rats, diazepam-induced (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) motor impairments were evaluated in a similar manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ethanol study, HARF rats showed greater dose-dependent impairments than their LARF counterparts. Male rats exhibited greater sensitivity to ethanol-induced impairment than their female counterparts. These observations were unrelated to sex or line differences in the blood ethanol levels achieved. Similar impairments were observed with diazepam, with HARF rats exhibiting greater motor impairment than LARF rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that selective breeding for high and low ethanol drinking in a limited-access paradigm has led to inherent differences in sensitivity to ethanol- and diazepam-induced motor impairments. The pattern of diazepam-induced impairments suggests possible variations in GABA(A) receptor activity, although more research is necessary to determine such involvement.
authors.affiliation: Biobehavioural Pharmacology, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Megan J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shram
authors.forename: Manisha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahroos
authors.forename: Jeff I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Beleskey
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tampakeras
authors.forename: Anh D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lê
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Tomkins
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D003975:Diazepam