title: Autologous serum for isolation and expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells for clinical use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies. One major obstacle for their clinical use is the biosafety of fetal calf serum (FCS), which is a crucial part of all media currently used for the culture of MSC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine donors each contributed 5 mL of bone marrow aspirate. Isolation of MSC was conducted according to Caplan et al., although for expansion we used low-density seeding with 20 MSC/cm2. Four different media A, B, C, and D were tested, containing 1%, 3%, or 10% autologous serum (AS), or 10% selected FCS, respectively. MSC were cultured on 24-well plates until passage 2 and counted under the microscope at regular intervals. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were induced in vitro by using a modified standard cocktail and were evaluated semi-quantitatively through a microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isolation of MSC after 3 days appeared best in media C with almost always C>D congruent with B>A. Proliferation was exponential with generally C>D>B>A. Morphologically, MSC isolated and expanded in medium C were indistinguishable from those in medium D. Phenotypic markers of MSC grown in medium C were: CD34-, CD45-, CD90+, CD105+, MHC class I+, MHC class II-, similar to MSC isolated and grown in medium D. Moreover, MSC grown in medium C showed more osteogenic potential than those from medium D in all cases: C+++, D++, B+, A 0. Cells retained their immaturity as shown by adipogenic differentiation and it always was: D+++, C++, B+, A 0.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Growth of MSC in a FCS-free medium is feasible without addition of growth factors. Ten percent AS appears at least as good as 10% FCS with regard to both isolation and expansion of human MSC, while 1% and 3% AS appear inferior. With respect to osteogenic differentiation, 10% AS proved superior to the other serum conditions.
authors.affiliation: Bone Marrow Transplant Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. stute@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stute
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holtz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bubenheim
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: Axel R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zander
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D002417:Cattle; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D064987:Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003470:Culture Media; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology; D012449:Safety; D044967:Serum
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D003470:Culture Media