title: Transmyocardial revascularization: defining its role.
abstract: Low-powered lasers were first used in the 1980s to produce transventricular channels as an adjunct to coronary artery bypass surgery. High-powered lasers, which were introduced in the 1990s, are powerful enough to create transmyocardial channels with minimal damage to surrounding tissues. Clinical studies were first carried out in patients with inoperable coronary artery disease and angina pectoris refractory to medical therapy. Based on these studies, the Food and Drug Administration granted approval of transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) as a sole therapy. Recently, TMR has been combined with coronary artery bypass surgery and 2 types of laser systems are currently available which have not been compared. The results of clinical trials provide contrasting findings regarding benefit, and the procedure is associated with potential morbidity and mortality risk. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of TMR remains undefined. Additional studies need to be done with TMR to assess whether it is a useful treatment or an addition to the list of placebo therapies initially thought to have been of benefit in the therapy for angina pectoris.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Ross F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Arthur E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fass
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Frishman
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods*