title: Determining the fetal scalp lactate level that indicates the need for intervention in labour.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fetal scalp lactate testing has been shown to be as useful as pH with added benefits. One remaining question is 'What level of lactate should trigger intervention in the first stage of labour?'
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to establish the lactate level in the first stage of labour that indicates the need for intervention to ensure satisfactory outcomes for both babies and mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study at Mater Mothers' Hospital, Brisbane, Australia, a tertiary referral centre. One hundred and forty women in labour, with non-reassuring fetal heart rate traces, were tested using fetal blood scalp sampling of 5 microL of capillary blood tested on an Accusport (Boeringer, Mannheim, East Sussex, UK) lactate meter. Decision to intervene in labour was based on clinical assessment plus a predetermined cut off. Main outcome measures were APGAR scores, cord arterial pH, meconium stained liquor and Intensive Care Nursery admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-graph receiver operating characteristic (TG-ROC) analysis showed optimal specificity, and sensitivity for predicting adverse neonatal outcomes was a scalp lactate level above 4.2 mmol/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal blood sampling remains the standard for further investigating-non-reassuring cardiotocograph (CTG) traces. Even so, it is a poor predictor of fetal outcomes. Scalp lactate has been shown to be at least as good a predictor as scalp pH, with the advantages of being easier, cheaper and with a lower rate of technical failure. Our study found that a cut off fetal scalp lactate level of 4.2 mmol/L, in combination with an assessment of the entire clinical picture, is a useful tool in identifying those women who need intervention.
authors.affiliation: Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. rodallen@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Rod M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Francis G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Bowling
authors.forename: Jeremy J N
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Oats
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D015148:Cardiotocography; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012535:Scalp / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid