title: Reactive oxygen signaling and MAPK activation distinguish Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-positive versus EBV-negative Burkitt's lymphoma.
abstract: Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B cell neoplasm, which is one of the most common neoplasms of childhood. It is highly widespread in East Africa, where it appears in endemic form associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and around the world in a sporadic form in which EBV infection is much less common. In addition to being the first human neoplasm to be associated with EBV, BL is associated with a characteristic translocation, in which the Ig promoter is translocated to constitutively activate the c-myc oncogene. Although many BLs respond well to chemotherapy, a significant fraction fails to respond to therapy, leading to death. In this article, we demonstrate that EBV-positive BL expresses high levels of activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that ROS directly regulate NF-kappaB activation. EBV-negative BLs exhibit activation of phosphoinositol 3-kinase, but do not have elevated levels of ROS. Elevated reactive oxygen may play a role in diverse forms of viral carcinogenesis in humans, including cancers caused by EBV, hepatitis B, C, and human T cell lymphotropic virus. Our findings imply that inhibition of ROS may be useful in the treatment of EBV-induced neoplasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cerimele
authors.forename: Traci
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Battle
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murad
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Macaron
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sixbey
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Randolph S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Watnick
authors.forename: Aristidis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Eliopoulos
authors.forename: Bahig
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shehata
authors.forename: Jack L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arbiser
mesh_terms: D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: C402641:EBNA-2 protein, Human herpesvirus 4; D019309:Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014764:Viral Proteins; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases