title: Differential contributions of ATF6 and XBP1 to the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-responsive cis-acting elements ERSE, UPRE and ERSE-II.
abstract: ATF6 and XBP1 are transcription factors activated specifically in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Three cis-acting elements capable of binding to ATF6, XBP1 or both have been identified to date, namely ER stress-response element (ERSE), unfolded protein response element (UPRE) and ERSE-II. ERSE controls the expression of ER-localized molecular chaperones such as BiP that can refold unfolded proteins in the ER; transcription from ERSE is fully activated by ATF6 even in the absence of XBP1. In contrast, transcription from UPRE depends solely on XBP1 and it has been suggested that UPRE may control the expression of components of the ER-associated degradation system that can degrade unfolded proteins in the ER. The Herp gene, one of the most highly inducible genes under ER stress, encodes an ER membrane protein containing a ubiquitin-like domain with unknown functions, and carries ERSE-II in addition to ERSE in its promoter. In this report, we show that ERSE-II allows the NF-Y-dependent binding of ATF6 as in the case of ERSE and NF-Y-independent binding of XBP1 as in the case of UPRE, and that transcription from ERSE-II is mitigated in the absence of XBP1. Accordingly, the induction of Herp mRNA was diminished in the absence of XBP1 whereas that of BiP mRNA was not affected. These results may help in understanding the role of Herp in the quality control system in the ER.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hiderou
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kokame
authors.forename: Randal J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D017510:Protein Folding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D020218:Response Elements; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1
chemical_list: C497111:ATF6 protein, human; D051702:Activating Transcription Factor 6; C497112:Atf6 protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000071701:Regulatory Factor X Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071717:X-Box Binding Protein 1; C000605543:XBP1 protein, human; C000605544:Xbp1 protein, mouse; D008156:Luciferases