title: Extraocular muscle cysticercosis - a clinical challenge to the ophthalmologists.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with extraocular myocysticercosis, to highlight the role of ultrasound and orbital computerized tomography (CT) scan in these cases and to discuss the management.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is retrospective study of 35 cases of orbital myocysticercosis confirmed on ultrasound and CT scan of the orbit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 18 males and 17 females. The average age of these patients was 19.6 years. The most common presenting feature was restricted ocular motility with diplopia and recurrent pain and redness. Ultrasound examination and CT scan of the orbit done for all these patients identified the cyst and the affected muscle. All extraocular muscles were noted to be involved in myocysticercosis. However the lateral rectus, medial rectus and the superior oblique were affected to a greater extent. All cases dramatically improved on treatment with albendazole and oral steroids. Surgical excision of cyst was done in 6 cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high index of suspicion should be entertained for extraocular muscle cysticercosis, especially in cases of acquired ocular motility disorder with recurrent ocular congestion. Ultrasound and CT scans of orbit play a vital role in diagnosis. Medical therapy with albendazole under cover of steroids is effective in most of the cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro ophthalmology, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya. sudhapaddy@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Padmaja Minakshi
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sundaram
authors.forename: Navin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
authors.forename: Veena
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Noronha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015766:Albendazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003551:Cysticercosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D004172:Diplopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology; D015822:Eye Infections, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000469:parasitology*; D009915:Orbit / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000469:parasitology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D015766:Albendazole