title: Parathyroid hormone venous sampling before reoperative surgery in renal hyperparathyroidism: comparison with noninvasive localization procedures and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the predictive values of selective venous sampling (SVS) in our own experience and in a systematic meta-analysis of the international literature and to compare them with the results of noninvasive localization studies before reoperative parathyroid surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one consecutive patients with persistent or recurrent renal hyperparathyroidism underwent preoperative SVS and noninvasive imaging. These data were added to a systematic review of the literature on localization studies before reoperative surgery. The literature search included localization studies, recurrent hyperparathyroidism, and reoperation. STUDY SELECTION Prospective and retrospective studies that provided at least the true-positive rate of 1 procedure were included. Data from initial surgery, hyperfunctioning autografts, and case reports were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one publications reported on SVS (n = 22), technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scintigraphy (n = 17), thallium-technetium scintigraphy (n = 11), ultrasonography (n = 18), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 12), and computed tomography (n = 13). The overall analysis was performed by dividing the overall number of true- and false-positive results by the total number of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Localization by SVS was correct in 20 of 21 patients. In 1 patient with 2 localizations, only 1 was predicted correctly. Therefore, the sensitivity of SVS was at least 90%, with no false-positive results. Overall true- and false-positive rates, respectively, in 31 studies were 71% and 9% for SVS, 69% and 7% for technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scintigraphy, 54% and 16% for magnetic resonance imaging, 55% and 15% for thallium-technetium scintigraphy, 50% and 18% for ultrasonography, and 45% and 14% for computed tomography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With its high sensitivity, SVS is the gold standard in patients with persistent or recurrent renal hyperparathyroidism and negative results of noninvasive localization procedures. The noninvasive procedure of choice is now technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scintigraphy, with high sensitivity and a low rate of false-positive results.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Charité Campus Virchow, Humboldt University of Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. daniel.seehofer@charite.de
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seehofer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Steinmüller
authors.forename: Nada
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rayes
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Podrabsky
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Riethmüller
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klupp
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Frei
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012086:Reoperation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone