title: In situ observation of freeze-fractured and deep-etched red blood cells with a high-vacuum low-temperature atomic force microscope.
abstract: A high-vacuum low-temperature atomic force microscope (AFM) for the direct observation of freeze-fracture samples has been developed. This AFM has a freeze-fracture mechanism inside the vacuum chamber. With this AFM it is possible to observe the fractured surface directly without both fabricating a replica and exposure to the ambient atmosphere. Both sandwich and knife fracture methods have been achieved to obtain freeze-fracture surfaces and after deep etching. A fine structure of the fractured red blood cell membrane has been observed using both methods. These are relatively quick and easy methods for the observation of freeze-fracture surfaces without introducing replica artifacts.
authors.affiliation: Electron Optics Division, JEOL Ltd., 1-2 Musashino 3-Chome Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan. nakamoto@jeol.co.jp
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamoto
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005613:Freeze Etching / Q000379:methods*; D005614:Freeze Fracturing / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*