title: A crucial role for forebrain adenosine A(2A) receptors in amphetamine sensitization.
abstract: Adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) are well positioned to influence the maladaptive CNS responses to repeated dopaminergic stimulation in psychostimulant addiction. Expression of A(2A)Rs in brain is largely restricted to the nucleus accumbens and striatum, where molecular adaptations mediate chronic effects of psychostimulants such as behavioral sensitization. Using a novel forebrain-specific conditional (Cre/loxP system) knockout of the A(2A)R in coordination with classical pharmacological approaches, we investigated the involvement of brain A(2A)Rs in amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization. Tissue-specific, functional disruption of the receptor was confirmed by autoradiography, PCR, and the loss of A(2A) antagonist-induced motor stimulation. Daily treatment with amphetamine for 1 week markedly enhanced locomotor responses on day 8 in control mice and the sensitization remained robust after a week of washout. Their conditional knockout littermates however showed no sensitization to amphetamine on day 8 and only a modest sensitization following the washout. Pharmacological blockade of adenosine A(2A)Rs also was able to block the development (but not the expression) of sensitization in multiple mouse strains. Thus activation of brain A(2A)Rs plays a critical role in developing augmented psychomotor responses to repeated psychostimulant exposure.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bastia
authors.forename: Yue-Hang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Angela C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Scibelli
authors.forename: Yuan-Ji
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Jiang-Fan
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schwarzschild
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005838:Genotype; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000187:drug effects*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; D000661:Amphetamine