Managing incontinence using technology, devices, and products: directions for research.
BACKGROUND
Millions of Americans with incontinence use some type of device or product to manage or collect urine or feces. However, research on their clinical uses, problems requiring nursing care, and patient satisfaction is lacking.


OBJECTIVE
To review the various products and devices used for incontinence, identify directions for research and development on technology, and outline the ways nurses can influence and participate in those investigations.


METHODS
Existing literature on incontinence technology, devices, and products was analyzed to generate a plan for future research.


RESULTS
Gaps in knowledge exist about the uses, best practices, quality of life factors, and problems associated with catheters, absorbent products, other internal and external devices, and skin care products.


CONCLUSIONS
Collaboration among public and private sectors would result in greater likelihood of high quality clinical research that has sufficient power and integrity, more efficient use of resources special to each setting, and expedited application of technologies for patient use.
Newman
Diane K
DK
Penn Center for Continence and Pelvic Health, Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA. diane.newman@uphs.upenn.edu
Fader
Mandy
M
Bliss
Donna Z
DZ
D041382:Diapers, Adult; D004322:Drainage / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000451:nursing; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000451:nursing*; D006801:Humans; D020380:Needs Assessment / Q000458:organization & administration; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D010570:Pessaries; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D017592:Skin Care / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000451:nursing; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000451:nursing; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000451:nursing*