title: Primary stent-supported angioplasty for treatment of below-knee critical limb ischemia and severe claudication: early and one-year outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was an investigation of the safety and efficacy of primary below-knee stent-supported angioplasty (BKSSA) for restoring straight inline arterial flow in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) or lifestyle-limiting claudication (LLC).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Surgical tibial bypass for CLI and severe LLC is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and graft failure, whereas percutaneous angioplasty is suboptimal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Below-knee stent-supported angioplasty was attempted in 82 patients (92 limbs) with either CLI (68%) or severe LLC (32%). Patients received daily aspirin, thienopyridine, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa agents during the procedure. One-month major adverse events (MAEs) were defined as death, myocardial infarction, major unplanned amputation, need for surgical revascularization, or major bleeding. Clinical success was defined as improved resting ankle brachial index by > or =0.10, relief of resting pain, healing of ulceration or amputation, and improvement of claudication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age of patients was 74 +/- 17 years. In 86 limbs, straight inline flow was restored to at least one tibial vessel. Technical success was 94% for de novo lesions and there were no MAEs. Ankle brachial indexes increased for all groups (CLI = 0.32 +/- 0.13 to 0.9 +/- 0.14 and LLC = 0.65 +/- 0.09 to 0.95 +/- 0.12; p < or = 0.0001, pre vs. post). Relief of rest pain and healing of ulcerations and amputations were seen in 96% (47 of 49) of patients with CLI who underwent successful intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Below-knee stent-supported angioplasty for CLI and LLC improves ankle brachial indexes comparable to tibial bypass, heals amputations and ulcerations, relieves rest pain, and improves ambulation. Because BKSSA is associated with minimal MAE, it may hold promise as an alternative therapy for patients with CLI and LLC.
authors.affiliation: Columbia-St. Mary's Medical Center, 2015 East Newport Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. afeiring@execpc.com
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Feiring
authors.forename: Amy A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Wesolowski
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lade
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D000792:Angiography; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000009:adverse effects; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D012008:Recurrence; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects; D014034:Toes / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing