title: Antimycobacterial constituents from Juniperus procera, Ferula communis and Plumbago zeylanica and their in vitro synergistic activity with isonicotinic acid hydrazide.
abstract: The synergistic activity of antimycobacterial constituents from Saudi plants was evaluated in combination with isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) against four atypical organisms, namely, Mycobacterium intracellulare, M. smegmatis, M. xenopei and M. chelonei. The potency of INH was increased four-fold, using an in vitro checkerboard method, against each mycobacteria when tested with a subtoxic concentration of the totarol, isolated from J. procera. The MIC values of totarol, ferulenol (from Ferula communis) and plumbagin (from Plumbago zeylanica) were thus lowered from 1.25-2.5 to 0.15-0.3 microg/mL due to synergism with INH. When tested against the resistant strain of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, plumbagin and 7beta-hydroxyabieta-8,13-dien-11,12-dione exhibited inhibitory activity at <12.5 microg/mL, while others were inactive at this concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Jaber S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Mossa
authors.forename: Farouk S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: El-Feraly
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Muhammad
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005309:Ferula; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018653:Juniperus; D008519:Medicine, Traditional; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018515:Plant Leaves; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D029606:Plumbaginaceae; D012529:Saudi Arabia
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007538:Isoniazid