Plastid proteins crucial for symbiotic fungal and bacterial entry into plant roots.
The roots of most higher plants form arbuscular mycorrhiza, an ancient, phosphate-acquiring symbiosis with fungi, whereas only four related plant orders are able to engage in the evolutionary younger nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbiosis with bacteria. Plant symbioses with bacteria and fungi require a set of common signal transduction components that redirect root cell development. Here we present two highly homologous genes from Lotus japonicus, CASTOR and POLLUX, that are indispensable for microbial admission into plant cells and act upstream of intracellular calcium spiking, one of the earliest plant responses to symbiotic stimulation. Surprisingly, both twin proteins are localized in the plastids of root cells, indicating a previously unrecognized role of this ancient endosymbiont in controlling intracellular symbioses that evolved more recently.
Imaizumi-Anraku
Haruko
H
National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
Takeda
Naoya
N
Charpentier
Myriam
M
Perry
Jillian
J
Miwa
Hiroki
H
Umehara
Yosuke
Y
Kouchi
Hiroshi
H
Murakami
Yasuhiro
Y
Mulder
Lonneke
L
Vickers
Kate
K
Pike
Jodie
J
Downie
J Allan
JA
Wang
Trevor
T
Sato
Shusei
S
Asamizu
Erika
E
Tabata
Satoshi
S
Yoshikawa
Makoto
M
Murooka
Yoshikatsu
Y
Wu
Guo-Jiang
GJ
Kawaguchi
Masayoshi
M
Kawasaki
Shinji
S
Parniske
Martin
M
Hayashi
Makoto
M
D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005658:Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D017343:Genes, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D000070116:Lotus / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D018087:Plastids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D021381:Protein Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013559:Symbiosis / Q000502:physiology*
D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger