title: Dynamics of serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels during the luteal phase of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate the dynamics of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels during the luteal phase of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) and its possible association with follicle development.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 34 women undergoing COH with GnRH agonist and FSH. On the day of hCG (dhCG), serum AMH, estradiol (E2), progesterone and hCG levels were measured, and ovarian follicles were sorted into three size classes: <12, 12-15 and 16-22 mm. Hormonal measurements were repeated 4 days (hCG + 4) and 7 days (hCG + 7) after hCG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From dhCG to hCG + 4, we observed a decline in serum AMH levels (-64 +/- 3%; P < 0.0001), which paralleled that of E2 levels. From hCG + 4 to hCG + 7, an increase in AMH levels occurred (82 +/- 28%; P < 0.02), whose magnitude was correlated with the number of < 12 mm follicles (r = 0.68; P < 0.0001) but not with other follicle size classes nor with the remaining hormone levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After hCG, AMH levels initially decline, presumably as an effect of follicle luteinization, then increase during the mid-luteal phase. Although the mechanisms implicated in the mid-luteal AMH increase are unclear, its positive association with small follicle count, but not with luteal progesterone and E2 levels, supports the hypothesis that AMH levels might reflect luteal follicle development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France. renato.fanchin@abc.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fanchin
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Méndez Lozano
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Louafi
authors.forename: Nelly
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Achour-Frydman
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Frydman
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Taieb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000097:blood*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010062:Ovulation Induction; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013735:Testicular Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D006023:Glycoproteins; D013735:Testicular Hormones; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D054304:Anti-Mullerian Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone