title: The role of epidemiology in the introduction of vi polysaccharide typhoid fever vaccines in Asia.
abstract: Despite the availability of at least two licensed typhoid fever vaccines--injectable sub-unit Vi polysaccharide vaccine and live, oral Ty21a vaccine--for the last decade, these vaccines have not been widely introduced in public-health programmes in countries endemic for typhoid fever. The goal of the multidisciplinary DOMI (Diseases of the Most Impoverished) typhoid fever programme is to generate policy-relevant data to support public decision-making regarding the introduction of Vi polysaccharide typhoid fever immunization programmes in China, Viet Nam, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Indonesia. Through epidemiological studies, the DOMI Programme is generating these data and is offering a model for the accelerated, rational introduction of new vaccines into health programmes in low-income countries. Practical and specific examples of the role of epidemiology are described in this paper. These examples cover: (a) selection of available typhoid fever vaccines to be introduced in the programme, (b) generation of policy-relevant data, (c) providing the 'backbone' for the implementation of other multidisciplinary projects, and (d) generation of unexpected but useful information relevant for the introduction of vaccines. Epidemiological studies contribute to all stages of development of vaccine evaluation and introduction.
authors.affiliation: International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Camilo_acosta2003@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Camilo J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Claudia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Galindo
authors.forename: R Leon
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: M Carolina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Danovaro-Holliday
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: Vu Dinh
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Thiem
authors.forename: Jin Kyoung
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eunsik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyewon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Xuan-Yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Remon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abu-Elyazeed
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: M John
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ivanoff
authors.forename: Tikki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Zhi-Yi
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clemens
mesh_terms: D001208:Asia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003906:Developing Countries / Q000191:economics; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D006801:Humans; D017589:Immunization Programs / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012485:Salmonella typhi / Q000276:immunology; D014435:Typhoid Fever / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D014436:Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; C057664:Vi polysaccharide vaccine, typhoid