Calcium-independent CaMKII activity is involved in ginsenoside Rb1-mediated neuronal recovery after hypoxic damage.
Recent studies have indicated that Ginsenoside Rb1, one of the major components of ginseng root, may play an important role in protecting cells from damage. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective activity of Rb1 after hypoxic injury in young rats. About 50% animals were dead by exposing hypoxic condition three times in three consecutive days. Then, the pretreatment with Rb1 prior to hypoxic stimulation reduced animal death to 12%, and also significantly reduced the recovery time from hypoxia-related, compromised symptoms in survived animals. Rb1 also significantly reduced levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from primary hippocampal neurons which were maintained at low oxygen concentration, indicating increased neuronal survival by Rb1. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activity in the hippocampal tissues of hypoxia-induced rats was decreased to about 50% of the control animal. Then Rb1-treatment prior to hypoxic stimulation significantly elevated Ca(2+)-independent kinase II activity when measured 48 hr after hypoxic stimulation. Thus, the present data suggest that calcium independent CaMKII activity may be involved in the process of ginsenoside Rb1-mediated recovery of neuronal cells after hypoxic damage.
Park
Jin Kyu
JK
Department of Bio-institute, KT & G Central Research Institute, 302, Sinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-805, Korea. jkypark@ktng.com
Namgung
Uk
U
Lee
Chang Joong
CJ
Park
Jong Oh
JO
Jin
Sung-Ha
SH
Kwon
Oh-Bin
OB
Ko
Sung Ryong
SR
Kim
Sang Won
SW
Kang
Eun Jung
EJ
Ko
Ji Hun
JH
Lee
Sang Myung
SM
Kim
Dong Hee
DH
Won
Moo Ho
MH
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000201:enzymology; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000201:enzymology*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D036145:Ginsenosides; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium