title: Contrast echocardiography: clinical utility for the evaluation of left ventricular systolic function.
abstract: Despite continued improvements in imaging technology, transthoracic echocardiography does not reliably provide images adequate for interpretation in all patients. In these patients, the administration of ultrasound contrast agents can markedly enhance the diagnostic utility of the test. Contrast echocardiography relies on the ultrasound detection of contrast agents composed of encapsulated microbubbles that are generally smaller than red blood cells. Intravenous administration of microbubble contrast agents results in left ventricular opacification and facilitates delineation of the endocardial border. This procedure has been shown to consistently increase the number of myocardial segments that can be interpreted, to improve accuracy of assessing regional and global left ventricular function, to decrease interinterpreter variability, to increase interpreter confidence, and to be a cost-effective strategy. Accordingly, patient selection for contrast echocardiography should be based not only on adequacy of the baseline images, but also on the clinical question being asked.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. jlindner@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lindner
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lewis
mesh_terms: D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000592:standards; D045423:Microbubbles / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution; D015588:Observer Variation; D018579:Patient Selection; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media