title: Vasopressin in the ICU.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Vasopressin is one of the most important endogenously released stress hormones during shock. In this review, studies published in the past year that add to our understanding of the use of vasopressin in the ICU are discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endogenous vasopressin levels are inappropriately low in adults with severe sepsis but not in children with meningococcal septic shock. Vasopressin but not norepinephrine improved renal blood flow and oxygen delivery and prolonged survival in animal models of septic shock. In human vasodilatory shock, the combination of low-dose vasopressin and norepinephrine was found to be safe and effective. In humans, vasopressin can cause gastrointestinal hypoperfusion and ischemic skin lesions. In hypodynamic animal models of sepsis vasopressin compromised oxygen delivery and decreased systemic and gut blood flow.High-dose bolus vasopressin appeared promising in animal studies of hemorrhagic shock and cardiopulmonary arrest and in a large, randomized clinical trial of vasopressin versus epinephrine in human cardiopulmonary arrest with asystole. However, poor neurologic outcomes raised controversy in introducing vasopressin into CPR guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is growing evidence that vasopressin infusion in septic shock is safe and effective. Several studies published this year support the hypothesis that vasopressin should be used as a continuous low-dose infusion (between 0.01 and 0.04 U/min in adults) and not titrated as a single vasopressor agent. However, multiple studies highlight the clinical equipoise that exists regarding the use of vasopressin in vasodilatory shock. Guidelines on management of septic shock recommend "cautious use of vasopressin pending further studies."
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Department of Medicine, Kelowna General Hospital, Kelowna, BC, Canada. clholmes@shaw.ca
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Keith R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Walley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000188:drug therapy; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014667:Vasopressins