title: Percutaneous approaches to renal cryoablation.
abstract: Minimally invasive approaches to small renal tumors continue to evolve. Cryotherapy is an attractive modality in that it can be delivered in a number of different ways, including laparoscopically and percutaneously. This article addresses the current state of percutaneous approaches to renal masses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of California-Irvine Medical Center Orange, California 92868, USA.
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ralph V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Clayman
mesh_terms: D003452:Cryosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods