title: [Neurocognition of psychiatric patients].
abstract: Cognitive, mnestic, and emotional disturbances can occur in a wide range of psychiatric patients. Both neurochemical alterations as well as structural brain abnormalities can be neural correlates of neuropsychological dysfunctions in these patients. In this paper, we give an introduction to neuropsychological domains with a focus on different kinds of memory and executive functions. Thereafter, we describe neurocognitive deteriorations in patients with schizophrenia, depression, alcohol addiction, and Korsakoff's syndrome. Brain alterations affect primarily parts of the frontal lobe, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal and the orbitofrontal cortex. This can be seen in volume reduction, glucose hypometabolism, or dysfunctions of dopaminergic fronto-striatal loops. Furthermore, structural or functional changes of hippocampal formation, anterior cingulate gyrus, amygdala, and different thalamic nuclei are also involved in neurocognitive disturbances of psychiatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Physiologische Psychologie, Universität Bielefeld. m.brand@uni-bielefeld.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: Hans J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Markowitsch
mesh_terms: D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D020915:Korsakoff Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology