title: P element excision and repair by non-homologous end joining occurs in both G1 and G2 of the cell cycle.
abstract: P element excision generates a DNA double-strand break at the transposon donor site. Genetic studies have demonstrated a strong bias toward repair of P element-induced DNA breaks by homologous recombination with the sister chromatid, suggesting that P element excision occurs after DNA replication, in G2 of the cell cycle. We developed methods to arrest Drosophila tissue culture cells and assay P element excision in either G1- or G2-arrested cells. Dacapo or tribbles transgene expression arrests cells in either G2 or G2, respectively. RNA-mediated gene interference (RNAi) directed against cyclin E or cyclin A arrests cells in G1 or G2, respectively. P element excision occurs efficiently in both G1- and G2-arrested cells, suggesting that cell cycle regulation of P element transposase does not occur in our somatic cell system. DNA double-strand break repair occurs by two predominant mechanisms: homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). HR is thought to be restricted to the post-replicative, G2, phase of the cell cycle, while NHEJ may occur throughout the cell cycle. Our results indicate that NHEJ repair of an extrachromasomal plasmid substrate occurs at least as efficiently in G2-arrested cells as in asynchronous cells or in G1-arrested cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, 16 Barker Hall, CA 94720-3204, USA.
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Weinert
authors.forename: Bosun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rio
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004261:DNA Replication; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000235:genetics*; D016195:G2 Phase / Q000235:genetics*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D010957:Plasmids; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D019076:Transgenes / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C103336:dap protein, Drosophila; C410505:trbl protein, Drosophila; D004247:DNA; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases