title: In vitro activation of chicken leukocytes and in vivo protection against Salmonella enteritidis organ invasion and peritoneal S. enteritidis infection-induced mortality in neonatal chickens by immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotide.
abstract: Unmethylated CpG oligodinucleotides (CpG-ODN) flanked by specific bases found in bacterial DNA are known to stimulate innate immune responses. In this study, synthetic CpG-ODNs were evaluated for their in vitro stimulation of leukocyte and in vivo protection against Salmonella enteritidis (SE) in neonatal chickens. Our studies showed that CpG-ODN stimulated bactericidal activities, releasing granules (degranulation) and generating reactive oxygen species (oxidative burst), in chicken heterophils and up regulated nitric oxide production in chicken peripheral blood monocytes. When day-old chickens were given (i.p.) synthetic CpG-ODNs followed by oral challenge of SE, a significant reduction (p<0.05) of organ invasion by SE was observed in chickens pretreated with CpG-ODN containing the immunostimulatory GTCGTT motif. This CpG-OND also significantly reduced mortality of chickens with acute peritoneal infection of SE. Our study provides evidence that immunostimulatory CpG-ODN stimulated innate immune activities and enhanced the resistance to infectious pathogens in neonatal chickens.
authors.affiliation: Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA. he@ffsru.tamu.edu
authors.forename: Haiqi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Virginia K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Lowry
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Swaggerty
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kogut
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D015550:Cell Degranulation; D002645:Chickens; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016897:Respiratory Burst; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D009569:Nitric Oxide