title: Role of donor-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in murine islet transplantation.
abstract: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) is a proinflammatory chemokine produced by several cell types, including pancreatic islets. High levels of donor-derived CCL2 have been associated with poor islet allograft outcome in patients with type 1 diabetes; however, the causal relationship is unknown. The constitutive and inducible expression of chemokines and their receptors by pancreatic islets in vitro were investigated, specifically the role of donor-derived CCL2 in marginal mass murine islet transplantation. The results showed that inflammatory cytokine stimulation of islets induced de novo expression of CCL2, CCL5/RANTES, CXCL9/MIG, and CXCL10/IP-10 and increased expression of CXCL2/macrophage-inflammatory protein-2. CCL2 mRNA and protein were highly expressed within 2 d in cultures. Transplantation of islets with high levels of CCL2 into syngeneic recipients led to a significantly greater influx of CCR2(+) cells and higher expression of monocyte/macrophage-associated inflammatory cytokines compared with low CCL2-donor islets. The level of pretransplantation CCL2 inversely correlated (P < 0.0001) with isograft function. In contrast, in CCR2-/- recipients, this correlation was not present. A direct toxic effect of CCL2 on islets was excluded by assessing cell viability and insulin release in vitro. In conclusion, CCL2 secreted by islets plays an important role in the immediate islet graft function. Strategies to decrease islet-derived CCL2 release may increase the success of islet transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1243, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. bernd.schroppel@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schröppel
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Bromberg
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D016014:Linear Models; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005819:Genetic Markers; D012333:RNA, Messenger