title: Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome.
abstract: Obesity is a principal causative factor in the development of metabolic syndrome. Here we report that increased oxidative stress in accumulated fat is an important pathogenic mechanism of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. Fat accumulation correlated with systemic oxidative stress in humans and mice. Production of ROS increased selectively in adipose tissue of obese mice, accompanied by augmented expression of NADPH oxidase and decreased expression of antioxidative enzymes. In cultured adipocytes, elevated levels of fatty acids increased oxidative stress via NADPH oxidase activation, and oxidative stress caused dysregulated production of adipocytokines (fat-derived hormones), including adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Finally, in obese mice, treatment with NADPH oxidase inhibitor reduced ROS production in adipose tissue, attenuated the dysregulation of adipocytokines, and improved diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. Collectively, our results suggest that increased oxidative stress in accumulated fat is an early instigator of metabolic syndrome and that the redox state in adipose tissue is a potentially useful therapeutic target for obesity-associated metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Organismal Biosystems, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigetada
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimabukuro
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwaki
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makishima
authors.forename: Morihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Iichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D019255:NADPH Oxidases