title: Changes in the emergency workload of the London Ambulance Service between 1989 and 1999.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine changes in the emergency workload of the London Ambulance Service (LAS) between 1989 and 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  All emergency responses by the LAS during week 16 in each of 1989, 1996, and 1999 were studied. For each week, 999 call responses were analysed by time and day of call, and age/sex of the patient. Call response rates were calculated using age/sex census population estimates for London. Changes in call rates over time were calculated as rate ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emergency responses increased from 6624 to 13 178 in the index weeks of 1989-1999. The ratio of response rates (1999/1989) was 1.91 (95% CI: 1.85 to 1.96). The proportion of out of hours calls increased significantly, from 68.8% in 1989 to 71.3% in 1999 (p = 0.0003). Response rates rose significantly more steeply for male patients than female patients from 1989 to 1999: rate ratio (95% CI); male patients 2.00 (1.91 to 2.08), female patients 1.69 (1.62 to 1.77), p<0.0001. Response rates varied by age in each of the three years investigated. Rates were consistently highest for patients aged 75 and above, and lowest for those aged 5-14. However, there was no evidence that call rates had increased disproportionately in any particular age group (p = 0.79).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Demand for emergency ambulance services in London has doubled in a decade. This increase is similar for all age groups, with no evidence of a greater rise in demand among older people. Call rates have increased more steeply in men than in women. Demographic changes do not explain the observed increases in demand.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK. janet.peacock@brunel.ac.uk
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Victor
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chazot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000552:Ambulances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008131:London; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014505:Urban Population; D016526:Workload