title: The AtPPT1 gene encoding 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl diphosphate transferase in ubiquinone biosynthesis is required for embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
abstract: 4-Hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl diphosphate transferase (4HPT) is the key enzyme that transfers the prenyl side chain to the benzoquione frame in ubiquinone (UQ) biosynthesis. The Arabidopsis AtPPT1 cDNA encoding 4HPT was cloned by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on the information of the Arabidopsis genomic sequence, and the function of the gene was determined. Heterologous expression of the AtPPT1 gene enabled restoration of the respiratory ability and UQ synthesis in a yeast mutant that was defective in 4HPT activity. The mitochondrial fraction that was prepared from the yeast mutant, which expressed the AtPPT1 gene, exhibited 4HPT enzymatic activity with geranyl diphosphate (GPP) as the prenyl substrate. This indicated that the AtPPT1 gene encodes active 4HPT with a broad substrate specificity in terms of the prenyl donor. The AtPPT1 mRNA was predominantly expressed in the flower cluster, and the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused with the signal peptide of AtPPT1 was translocated into the mitochondria. T-DNA insertion mutation that disrupts the AtPPT1 gene in Arabidopsis resulted in the arrest of embryo development at an early stage of zygotic embryogenesis. These results demonstrate that the AtPPT1 gene involved in the biosynthesis of mitochondrial UQ plays an essential role in embryo development in Arabidopsis .
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Biochemistry, Biotechnology Research Center, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan. ukokada@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yazaki
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nozaki
authors.forename: Naonori
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamukai
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nojiri
authors.forename: Hisakazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamane
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014451:Ubiquinone; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; C021386:4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase