title: Mechanisms of protein import and routing in chloroplasts.
abstract: The vast majority of the approximately 3000 different proteins required to build a fully functional chloroplast are encoded by the nuclear genome and translated on cytosolic ribosomes. As chloroplasts are each surrounded by a double-membrane system, or envelope, sophisticated mechanisms are necessary to mediate the import of these nucleus-encoded proteins into chloroplasts. Once inside the organelle, many chloroplast proteins engage one of four additional protein sorting mechanisms that direct targeting to the internal thylakoid membrane system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK. rpj3@lec.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002736:Chloroplasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D045322:Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals