title: Experimental peri-implant tissue breakdown around different dental implant surfaces: clinical and radiographic evaluation in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue reactions to 4 different implant surfaces were evaluated in regard to the development and progression of ligature-induced peri-implantitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 6 male mongrel dogs, a total of 36 dental implants with different surfaces (9 titanium plasma-sprayed, 9 hydroxyapatite-coated, 9 acid-etched, and 9 commercially pure titanium) were placed 3 months after mandibular premolar extraction. After 3 months with optimal plaque control, abutment connection was performed. Forty-five days later, cotton ligatures were placed around the implants to induce peri-implantitis. At baseline and 20, 40, and 60 days after placement, the presence of plaque, peri-implant mucosal redness, bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, mobility, vertical bone loss, and horizontal bone loss were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results did not show significant differences among the surfaces for any parameter during the study (P > .05). All surfaces were equally susceptible to ligature-induced peri-implantitis over time (P < .001). Correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between width of keratinized tissue and vertical bone loss (r2 = 0.81; P = .014) and between mobility and vertical bone loss (r2 = 0.66; P = .04), both for the titanium plasma-sprayed surface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data suggest that all surfaces were equally susceptible to experimental peri-implantitis after a 60-day period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Dental School at Araraquara, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marilia Compagnoni
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Ricardo Samih Georges
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Abi-Rached
authors.forename: Jamil Awad
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shibli
authors.forename: Marcelo Werneck Barata
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Elcio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marcantonio
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000009:adverse effects; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D004285:Dogs; D020007:Implants, Experimental / Q000009:adverse effects; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D014025:Titanium