title: Species and sex identification of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), eastern lowland gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri) and humans.
abstract: Methods for the identification of the sex and species of individuals from samples non-invasively taken from humans and gorillas were established. Amplification of a segment of amelogenin (AMG), which is an X-Y homologous gene, using two pairs of primers from human AMG, revealed both X- and Y-specific bands. The possibility of sex identification was examined by typing the AMG gene using hair and fecal samples from captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Japan and hair samples from wild eastern lowland gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri) in the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo, which were sexed by direct observation. Species-specific bands of AMG in gorillas and humans were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphisms analysis. These tests could be used for sexing unidentified individuals of wild western and eastern lowland gorillas, and screening contamination of human DNA from non-invasively acquired samples.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Evolution Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan. mikimats@jinrui.zool.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: A Kanyunyi
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Basabose
authors.forename: Ilambo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Omari
authors.forename: Kiswele
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaleme
authors.forename: Byamana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kizungu
authors.forename: Kiyego
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sikubwabo
authors.forename: Muzusangabo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahindo
authors.forename: Juichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamagiwa
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takenaka
mesh_terms: D053523:Amelogenin; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012730:Sex Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: C507199:AMELX protein, human; D053523:Amelogenin; D017931:DNA Primers; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins