title: Microbiology of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with chronic hyperplastic sinusitis (CHS) form a heterogeneous group with similar symptoms and similar treatment despite of possible different mechanisms behind the disease. In the present study we focused on the microbiological findings in CHS and compared these results to the patient history in order to find out a possible explanation for the aetiology and chronicity of CHS.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 30 patients the sinus mucus was collected under endoscopic sinus surgery. Samples from 20 healthy volunteers were collected by nasal lavage. Eosinophil staining, bacterial culturing and fungal staining and culturing were done. Histological samples were obtained from all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial cultures were positive in 93% of the patients compared to 70% in controls. Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci were the two most common findings in both groups. A total of seven patients had positive fungal finding. The only fungal genus found was Aspergillus. In the control group no samples were positive for fungi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microbiological findings do not seem to explain the chronic course of CHS, but fungi may play some part in the pathophysiology of the disease. These results may be more a reflection of a change in the environment in the paranasal sinuses and a change in normal flora than the actual cause of CHS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. katriina.kostamo@hus.fi
authors.forename: Katriina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostamo
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Anni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Virolainen-Julkunen
authors.forename: Ilmo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leivo
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malmberg
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ylikoski
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toskala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000382:microbiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000382:microbiology*; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011425:Propionibacterium acnes / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery