title: Effect of conditioner on bond strength of glass-ionomer adhesive to dentin/enamel with and without smear layer interposition.
abstract: The effect of a polyalkenoic acid conditioner pretreatment on the bond strength of a glass-ionomer adhesive to tooth substrates with or without smear layer was evaluated. Smear-layer covered and smear-layer free dentin and enamel surfaces were prepared from 24 extracted human molars. Resin composite was bonded to the surfaces using FujiBond LC with or without a polyalkenoic acid conditioner and subjected to microtensile bond strength (microTBS) testing. Failure modes were determined using scanning electron microscopy. For dentin, smear-layer coverage and conditioner treatment did not reveal significant differences in microTBS, which ranged from 20 to 29 MPa. For enamel, smear-layer coverage did not significantly affect microTBS, whereas, the use of conditioner significantly improved microTBS, reaching the same microTBS-values as when bonded to dentin. Regarding failure mode, most dentin specimens failed mixed adhesive cohesively. For enamel, adhesive failures mostly occurred when no conditioner was used, though mixed failures were predominant when the specimens were conditioned beforehand. Bonding of the glass ionomer adhesive to dentin can be achieved without the separate use of a polyalkenoic acid conditioner, even with the interposition of a smear layer. However, instrumented and non-instrumented enamel requires separate conditioning to provide sufficient micro-mechanical retention.
authors.affiliation: Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster-Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Munck
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Kazuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lambrechts
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Meerbeek
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003736:Dental Cavity Lining; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016369:Smear Layer; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000269:Adhesives; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C084541:Fuji glass-ionomer lining cement; C006903:carbopol 940