title: Gene expression profiling of cervical tissue during physiological cervical effacement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The softening and dilation of cervical tissue during parturition requires a rapid reorganization of extracellular matrix and cellular interactions. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the complex transformational changes in gene expression that lead to cervical effacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical biopsies from effaced cervices of 10 women undergoing spontaneous vaginal delivery and from competent cervices of 10 women undergoing primary cesarean delivery were collected at 37-41 weeks of gestation and subjected to differential complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analysis. Gene expression results were validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a cDNA array that enables the analysis of the differential gene expression of more than 600 genes, the messenger (m)RNA expression of 40 genes increased more than 2.5-fold during cervical ripening. The majority of these genes encode cytokines, transcription factors, and cell-matrix-associated proteins. The mRNA expression of 6 genes decreased to less than 0.5-fold. The remaining 556 genes were not significantly altered. Real-time PCR analysis performed for selected, highly up-regulated genes confirmed our cDNA array findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete cervical effacement is associated with a characteristic and profound alteration in the gene expression profile of cervical cells. We hypothesize that an understanding of the molecular events that accompany physiological cervical dilation is pivotal to an understanding of pathological conditions such as premature delivery and postterm pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics, Department of OB/GYN, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Ambros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hudelist
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Czerwenka
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Husslein
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kubista
authors.forename: Christian F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007749:Labor Stage, Third / Q000502:physiology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D015854:Up-Regulation