title: Common clinical features of children with enlarged vestibular aqueduct and Mondini dysplasia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to investigate the etiological factors and the audiological data of different types of inner ear malformations, which the authors thought might be helpful in elucidating the inter-relation among malformations and shedding light on pathogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study from 1998 to 2002 at a tertiary care university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty consecutive children with a total of 302 affected ears undergoing high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone for sensorineural hearing loss were enrolled. The image results were correlated with causes and origins, hearing loss patterns, hearing levels, and audiogram configurations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inner ear malformation was present in 114 (38%) ears. The most common malformations were enlarged vestibular aqueduct, incomplete partition of cochlea (Mondini dysplasia), large vestibule, and semicircular canal dysplasia, presenting either as isolated finding or in combination. Eighty-four (74%) ears had abnormalities confined to these four malformations; only 30 (26%) ears showed other malformations. Patients with complex of enlarged vestibular aqueduct, Mondini dysplasia, large vestibule, and semicircular canal dysplasia (EMVS complex) demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of fluctuating hearing loss (93%) and a better hearing level compared with those with other malformations. Homogeneity in audiological features among these four malformations was also disclosed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors identified a distinct clinical entity, the EMVS complex, which is characterized by fluctuating hearing loss and a better hearing level. The authors proposed that malformations belonging to this complex result from a common pathogenetic mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chen-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Yuh-Shyang
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Pei-Jer
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chuan-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001299:Audiometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003051:Cochlea / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014723:Vestibular Aqueduct / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging