title: Ownership of knowledge--the role of patents in pharmaceutical R&D.
abstract: Both the public and the private sectors contribute to research and development (R&D) in pharmaceuticals. The public sector originates many of the discoveries of new drugs. The private sector, which focuses on development, is heavily reliant on patents. Though patents are presumed to reward genuine inventions, lax rules on patentability and shortcomings in procedures permit protection to be obtained on a myriad of minor developments. These patents, though weak and possibly invalid in many cases, are used to restrain competition and delay the entry of generic competition. Developing countries should design and implement their patent laws so as to prevent strategic patenting and promote competition and access to medicines.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Interdisciplinary Studies of Industrial and Economic Law, University of Buenos Aires, Av. Figueroa Alcorta 2263, 1st floor, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina. ceidie@derecho.uba.ar
authors.forename: Carlos María
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Correa
mesh_terms: D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D017277:Drug Approval / Q000191:economics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics*; D004465:Economic Competition / Q000639:trends; D005380:Financing, Government; D006801:Humans; D018973:Intellectual Property; D019359:Knowledge; D010330:Patents as Topic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012106:Research / Q000191:economics*; D012109:Research Support as Topic