Visualizing function in the tumor-associated lymphatic system.
The recent surge of interest in the lymphatic system can be attributed to two factors: the discovery of cytokines that induce the growth of new lymphatic capillaries and the identification of lymphatic endothelial-specific markers. In contrast to the above, there is a paucity of techniques for studying lymphatic function in vivo. This article reviews imaging and other techniques that allow the assessment of lymphatic function, particularly in the tumor microenvironment, and proposes novel solutions for probing the same in vivo.
Pathak
Arvind P
AP
Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Bhujwalla
Zaver M
ZM
Pepper
Michael S
MS
D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D018190:Neoplasm, Lymphatic Tissue; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology
D004396:Coloring Agents