title: Benefits of cognitive-motor intervention in MCI and mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive-motor program in patients with early Alzheimer disease (AD) who are treated with a cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (12), mild AD (48), and moderate AD (24) (Global Deterioration Scale stages 3, 4, and 5) were randomized to receive psychosocial support plus cognitive-motor intervention (experimental group) or psychosocial support alone (control group). Cognitive-motor intervention (CMI) consisted of a 1-year structured program of 103 sessions of cognitive exercises, plus social and psychomotor activities. The primary efficacy measure was the cognitive subscale of the AD Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog). Secondary efficacy measures were the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Functional Activities Questionnaire, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Evaluations were conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months by blinded evaluators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the CMI group maintained cognitive status at month 6, whereas patients in the control group had significantly declined at that time. Cognitive response was higher in the patients with fewer years of formal education. In addition, more patients in the experimental group maintained or improved their affective status at month 12 (experimental group, 75%; control group, 47%; p = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A long-term CMI in ChEI-treated early Alzheimer disease patients produced additional mood and cognitive benefits.
authors.affiliation: Fundación Maria Wolff, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Olazarán
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñiz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reisberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peña-Casanova
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: del Ser
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cruz-Jentoft
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: García de la Rocha
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galiano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fernández-Bullido
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: González-Salvador
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sevilla
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D000077265:Donepezil; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D010880:Piperidines; D000077265:Donepezil; D000068836:Rivastigmine