title: Extended pneumonectomy with partial resection of the left atrium, without cardiopulmonary bypass, for lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extended pneumonectomy with partial resection of the left atrium for lung cancer is not frequently performed; therefore, its results remain controversial. The present study analyzed a single center's experience with this extended surgery, highlighting the surgery's technical aspects, postoperative outcomes, and oncologic results.
  
  
  METHODS
  From November 1996 to December 2003, 15 patients underwent extended pneumonectomy with partial resection of the left atrium for lung cancer, without cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 15 patients (median age of 63 years, range 35 to 74 years), 11 were men (73%) and 4 were women. Six patients (40%) underwent preoperative invasive mediastinal staging. Nine patients (60%) underwent induction chemotherapy. Nine patients (60%) underwent right pneumonectomy. Pathologic analysis of the specimens identified 8 patients (53%) with N2 disease, 5 patients (33%) with N1 disease, and 2 patients with N0 disease. The T status was T4 in 10 patients, pT3 in 3 patients, and T0 in the remaining 2 patients. The were 10 squamous cell carcinomas (60%), 2 adenocarcinomas, 1 adenosquamous carcinoma, 1 mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and 1 atypical carcinoid tumor. The median intensive care unit and hospital stay were 1 day and 6.4 days, respectively. There were only two (15.3%) minor postoperative complications (atrial arrhythmias), which were successfully treated medically. There was no postoperative mortality. At completion of the study, 9 patients (60%) were still alive, with 8 showing no evidence of disease. The remaining 6 patients died because of systemic recurrences. The 3-year probability of survival was 39%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extended pneumonectomy with partial resection of the left atrium for advanced lung cancer is a feasible procedure, with low postoperative morbidity and mortality. In fact, it can lead to excellent local control of the disease, if not to a permanent cure in select patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. lorenzo.spaggiari@ieo.it
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spaggiari
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D' Aiuto
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Veronesi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pelosi
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: de Pas
authors.forename: Gianpiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Braud
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015993:Life Tables; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents