title: Evaluation of four outpatient educational programmes for patients with longstanding fibromyalgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Four programmes based on educational and cognitive principles but with a variation in total length and number of staff/patient contact hours were compared in order to gain further insight into the importance of the format of the programme for the final outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective non-randomized intervention study with 191 persons with fibromyalgia. Data were collected before, after and at 1-year follow-up. Participants served as their own controls. Results within and between the programmes were calculated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical investigations before and after intervention. Questionnaires were answered before, after and at 1-year follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most instruments showed no significant improvements after the programme. However, some improvements were found in important variables such as attitudes, self-efficacy, vitality and "days feeling well". Results were unchanged at the 1-year follow-up and 16 persons had started working. Seven had ceased working. Participants reported frequent use of coping strategies in everyday life. No major differences could be found between the programmes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More comprehensive programmes did not produce better results at group level. Also short and less costly interventions based on educational and cognitive principles were valuable for persons with longstanding fibromyalgia. More attention must be given to evaluating the clinical effect of programmes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Locomotion, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden. chris.henriksson@inr.liu.se
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henriksson
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Carlberg
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kjällman
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Henriksson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010045:Outpatients; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden