title: Genetic and expression profiles of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck correlate with cisplatin sensitivity and resistance in cell lines and patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The choice of treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is still primarily based on the tumor-node-metastasis classification. However, it is reasonable to believe that biological profiles of SCCHN may be independently associated with response to therapy. The aim of the present study was to examine genetic changes and gene expression profiles that might correlate with sensitivity to cisplatin [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay] in 10 SCCHN cell lines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five cisplatin-sensitive and five cisplatin-resistant cell lines [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay] were studied by comparative genomic hybridization, spectral karyotyping, and cDNA microarray analysis (21,632 sequence-validated human cDNA; confirmation by reverse transcriptase-PCR for selected genes). For the MET proto-oncogene, which showed low expression in the chemosensitive cell lines, we did immunohistochemical staining on SCCHN of 29 patients who received induction chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The five cisplatin-resistant cell lines showed significantly more genetic imbalances (regions of loss and amplification) and chromosomal abnormalities by comparative genomic hybridization and spectral karyotyping, respectively, than did the five cisplatin-sensitive cell lines. Microarray studies identified approximately 60 genes that clearly distinguish between the two groups of cell lines. Some of these genes are known to be involved in tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. We identified low expression of c-met (immunohistochemistry) as a predictive factor for complete response in nondiploid tumors (P = 0.026).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that cisplatin sensitivity and resistance are related to distinctive differences in the genetic and expression profiles in individual SCCHN tumor cell lines and in SCCHN patients. The genes we have identified may serve as potential targets for novel treatment strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Akervall
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Chao-Nan
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schoumans
authors.forename: Brandon
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leeser
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kort
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Resau
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carey
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wennerberg
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tennvall
authors.forename: Bin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Teh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011003:Ploidies; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D032681:Spectral Karyotyping; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C000715470:MAS1 protein, human; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; D002945:Cisplatin