title: Visualizing function in the tumor-associated lymphatic system.
abstract: The recent surge of interest in the lymphatic system can be attributed to two factors: the discovery of cytokines that induce the growth of new lymphatic capillaries and the identification of lymphatic endothelial-specific markers. In contrast to the above, there is a paucity of techniques for studying lymphatic function in vivo. This article reviews imaging and other techniques that allow the assessment of lymphatic function, particularly in the tumor microenvironment, and proposes novel solutions for probing the same in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Arvind P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Pathak
authors.forename: Zaver M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: Bhujwalla
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pepper
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D006801:Humans; D018190:Neoplasm, Lymphatic Tissue; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents