title: [Clonality detection of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by human androgen receptor gene analysis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clonality of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by the study of X-chromosome inactivation pattern with human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue DNA from samples of 26 invasive cervical cancers (9 in stage I, 10 in stage II and 7 in stage III), 31 CINs (12 CINI, 10 CIN II and 9 CIN III) and 33 normal cervixes was extracted, and then digested with methylation sensitive restriction endonuclease Hha I. HUMARA fragment was amplified with PCR method and PCR product was electrophoresed. Clonality was assessed by observing the electrophoresis bands.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heterozygotic rate of HUMARA was 89%. Monoclonal rates of cervical cancer, CIN, and normal cervix were 92%, 38% and 10%, respectively. Differences between cervical cancer and CIN and between cervical cancer and normal cervix were both extremely statistically significant (P < 0.001). Difference between CIN and normal cervix was also statistically significant (P = 0.012). Monoclonal rate of cervical cancer in stage I, II, III was 6/7, 90% and 7/7 respectively, without significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Monoclonal rate of CINI, II, III was 20%, 38% and 63% respectively, showing increasing tendency with grade, but without significant difference between them (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Invasive cervical cancer is a result of clonal proliferation of cancer cells. Active intervention or close follow up should be given to CIN with monoclonality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
authors.forename: Chun-Xue
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Shu-Lan
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002999:Clone Cells / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011944:Receptors, Androgen