title: Antioxidant eugenosedin-A protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced hypotension, hyperglycaemia and cytokine immunoreactivity in rats and mice.
abstract: Eugenosedin-A has been demonstrated to possess alpha/beta-adrenoceptor and serotonergic receptor blocking activities. We have investigated by what mechanisms eugenosedin-A prevents lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hypotension, vascular hyporeactivity, hyperglycaemia, oxidative injury or inflammatory cytokines formation in rats. Intravenous administration of eugenosedin-A, trazodone, yohimbine (1 mg kg(-1)), aminoguanidine or ascorbic acid (15 mg kg(-1)) normalized LPS (10 mg kg(-1))-induced hypotension. Pretreatment with eugenosedin-A or the other agents 30 min before LPS injection reduced aortic hyporeactivity. LPS-induced increases in plasma interleukin-1beta (IL-beta), IL-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and blood glucose levels were significantly inhibited by eugenosedin-A (1 mg kg(-1), i. v.). The same dose of trazodone, a chloropiperazinylbenzene-type antidepressant, and yohimbine, an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, reduced IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, but it could not inhibit hyperglycaemia. Aminoguanidine, an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, and ascorbic acid, an antioxidant, decreased IL-1beta, TNF-alpha contents and hyperglycaemia. Eugenosedin-A and the other agents inhibited Fe(2+)-ascorbic acid-induced peroxidation in rat cortex, indicating that those agents had antioxidant effects, with the exception of aminoguanidine. In free radical scavenged experiments, eugenosedin-A and ascorbic acid eliminated peroxyl radicals. All test agents inhibited the LPS-induced increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in rat brain homogenates. When mice were administered an intraperitoneal injection of LPS alone, mortality occurred from 4 to 16 h, after which time all were dead. However, eugenosedin-A significantly prolonged the survival time after LPS injection, suggesting that eugenosedin-A protected against LPS-induced cardiovascular dysfunction, hyperglycaemia, tissue injury and inflammatory cytokine production. This was attributable mainly to the antioxidant and peroxyl radical scavenged effects of eugenosedin-A, and which may be, at least in part, due to its blockade on alpha/beta-adrenergic and serotonergic receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuo-Pyng
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Yi-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Rei-Cheng
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Hong-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ing-Jun
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Bin-Nan
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014196:Trazodone / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D000975:Antioxidants; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016207:Cytokines; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D010879:Piperazines; C496985:eugenosedin-A; D014196:Trazodone