title: Iron inactivates the RNA polymerase NS5B and suppresses subgenomic replication of hepatitis C Virus.
abstract: Clinical data suggest that iron is a negative factor in chronic hepatitis C; however, the molecular mechanisms by which iron modulates the infectious cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) remain elusive. To explore this, we utilized cells expressing a HCV replicon as a well-established model for viral replication. We demonstrate that iron administration dramatically inhibits the expression of viral proteins and RNA, without significantly affecting its translation or stability. Experiments with purified recombinant HCV RNA polymerase (NS5B) revealed that iron binds specifically and with high affinity (apparent Kd: 6 and 60 microM for Fe2+ and Fe3+, respectively) to the protein's Mg2+-binding pocket, thereby inhibiting its enzymatic activity. We propose that iron impairs HCV replication by inactivating NS5B and that its negative effects in chronic hepatitis C may be primarily due to attenuation of antiviral immune responses. Our data provide a direct molecular link between iron and HCV replication.
authors.affiliation: Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote-Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
authors.forename: Carine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fillebeen
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Rivas-Estilla
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bisaillon
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponka
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muckenthaler
authors.forename: Matthias W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Hentze
authors.forename: Antonis E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Koromilas
authors.forename: Kostas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pantopoulos
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008113:Liver Neoplasms; D011485:Protein Binding; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012093:Replicon / Q000187:drug effects; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D007501:Iron; C087036:NS-5 protein, hepatitis C virus; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase