title: Calcineurin/NFAT-induced up-regulation of the Fas ligand/Fas death pathway is involved in methamphetamine-induced neuronal apoptosis.
abstract: Methamphetamine [METH ("speed")] is an abused psychostimulant that can cause psychotic, cognitive, and psychomotor impairment in humans. These signs and symptoms are thought to be related to dysfunctions in basal ganglionic structures of the brain. To identify possible molecular bases for these clinical manifestations, we first used cDNA microarray technology to measure METH-induced transcriptional responses in the striatum of rats treated with an apoptosis-inducing dose of the drug. METH injection resulted in increased expression of members of the Jun, Egr, and Nur77 subfamilies of transcription factors (TFs), changes that were confirmed by quantitative PCR. Because pathways linked to these factors are involved in the up-regulation of Fas ligand (FasL), FasL mRNA was quantified and found to be increased. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed METH-induced increased FasL protein expression in striatal GABAergic neurons that express enkephalin. Moreover, there were METH-mediated increases in calcineurin, as well as shuttling of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)c3 and NFATc4 from the cytosol to the nucleus of METH-treated rats, mechanisms also known to be involved in FasL regulation. Furthermore, METH induced cleavage of caspase-3 in FasL- and Fas-containing neurons. Finally, the METH-induced changes in the FasL-Fas death pathway were attenuated by pretreatment with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390, which also caused attenuation of METH-induced apoptosis. These observations indicate that METH causes some of its neurodegenerative effects, in part, via stimulation of the Fas-mediated cell death pathway consequent to FasL up-regulation mediated by activation of multiple TFs.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
authors.forename: Subramaniam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jayanthi
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ladenheim
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: McCoy
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cluster
authors.forename: Ning-Sheng
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Jean Lud
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cadet
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019703:Calcineurin; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505662:Faslg protein, rat; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C477593:Nfatc4 protein, rat; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019014:fas Receptor; C445503:transcription factor NF-AT c3; D008694:Methamphetamine; D019703:Calcineurin