title: Effect of anti-oxidant (carvedilol and probucol) loaded stents in a porcine coronary restenosis model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long-term clinical efficacy of intracoronary stenting is limited by restenosis and delivery by the stent of agents inhibiting cell cycle progression should prevent in-stent neointimal hyperplasia. Carvedilol is an antioxidant that inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, whereas probucol is a vascular protectant and reduces stent restenosis by improving the lumen dimension at the stent placement site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BiodivYsio phosphorylcholine-coated stents were dip-coated with carvedilol (5 mg/ml) or probucol (50 mg/ml) by immersion in respective methanol solutions. Twenty-four stents (carvedilol=8, probucol=8, control=8) were placed in 12 pigs and histopathologic analysis was done 4 weeks later. Histomorphometry of the carvedilol-coated stent group compared with the control groups showed that the neointimal area decreased by 42% (1.12+/-0.55 mm2 in the carvedilol group vs 1.92+/-0.52 mm2 in the control, p=0.004) and the lumen area increased by 20% (5.15+/-0.90 mm2 vs 4.17+/-0.87 mm2, p=0.008), resulting in a 43% reduction of the percent area stenosis (18.22+/-9.6% vs 31.9+/-9.2%, p=0.002). In the probucol-coated stent group, the lumen area, neointimal area, and %area stenosis did not different significantly from the control group. There were 7.7+/-2.97% proliferating nuclear cell antigen-positive cells in the carvedilol-coated stent group compared with 17.8+/-1.45% in the control group (p=0.0001) and 15.9+/-1.91% in the probucol group (vs control, p=NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The carvedilol-coated stent, but not the probucol-coated one, inhibited neointimal hyperplasia in a porcine stent restenosis model.
authors.affiliation: Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.
authors.forename: Weon
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Myung Ho
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Kwang Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Dae Woo
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Seung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hur
authors.forename: Kwon Bae
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Joon
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hyung Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ju Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young Keun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Moo Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong Gwan
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Jong Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jong Chun
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jung Chaee
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D011341:Probucol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D011341:Probucol