title: Low plasma vitamin B12 is associated with lower BMD: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study.
abstract: Vitamin B12 is important to DNA synthesis and may affect bone formation. We examined the association between this vitamin and BMD in 2576 adults. Men with plasma B12 < 148 pM had significantly lower BMD at the hip, and women at the spine, relative to those with higher B12, and trends were similar for both at all sites. Low vitamin B12 may be a risk factor for low BMD.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Vitamin B12 is important to DNA synthesis and may affect bone formation. It has been linked to osteoblastic activity in clinical studies and cell culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the relationship between plasma vitamin B12 status and BMD in 2576 adult participants in the Framingham Offspring Osteoporosis Study (1996-2001). BMD was measured by DXA at the hip and spine. Plasma vitamin B12 was measured by radioassay. Mean BMD measures were estimated for four categories of vitamin B12 concentration, based on commonly used cut-offs, using analysis of covariance, adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity score for the elderly (PASE), alcohol use, smoking status, total calcium and vitamin D intake, season of bone measurement, and for women, menopause status and current estrogen use. Further adjustment for protein intake and total homocysteine concentration was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both men and women with vitamin B12 concentrations <148 pM had lower average BMD than those with vitamin B12 above this cut-off. These differences were significant (p < 0.05) for men at most hip sites and for women at the spine. Significance remained after further adjustment for protein intake and plasma homocysteine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin B12 deficiency may be an important modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. Katherine.tucker@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Marian T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Hannan
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Paul F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selhub
authors.forename: L Adrienne
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cupples
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kiel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015519:Bone Density; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013131:Spine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood*; D014806:Vitamin B 12 Deficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014805:Vitamin B 12