title: Reducing violence risk in persons with schizophrenia: olanzapine versus risperidone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study prospectively examined the effectiveness of treatment with olanzapine versus risperidone in reducing violent behavior among patients with schizophrenia under "usual care" conditions in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 124 adults with DSM-IV-diagnosed schizophrenia-spectrum disorders receiving services in public-sector mental health systems in North Carolina. After enrollment (1997-1999), subjects were followed for 3 years in an observational study with interviews at 6-month intervals to assess treatment, clinical outcomes, and violent behavior. Rates of violence were compared over time between periods of first switch to olanzapine or risperidone and periods following at least 1 year of treatment with each of these medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study found that remaining on olanzapine for 1 year or more significantly lowered violence risk compared to first switch period, but no significant change in violence risk was found for subjects remaining on risperidone for 1 year or more. These results were obtained using multivariable time-series analysis controlling for salient demographic and clinical covariates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that, in the complex "real world" settings where persons with schizophrenia reside, long-term treatment with olanzapine confers some advantage over risperidone in reducing violence risk. This advantage appears to be at least in part an indirect effect, via improvement in adherence with treatment. Specifically, adherence with prescribed medication was found to mediate the association between olanzapine treatment and reduced violent behavior.
authors.affiliation: Services Effectiveness Research Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. jeffrey.swanson@duke.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Marvin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Elbogen
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Van Dorn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003155:Community Mental Health Centers; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D000077152:Olanzapine; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018967:Risperidone; D000077152:Olanzapine