title: Four peptide hormones decrease the number of human breast adenocarcinoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A family of six hormones, i.e. atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, C-natriuretic peptide, long-acting natriuretic peptide, vessel dilator, and kaliuretic peptide's main known biologic properties are sodium and water excreting and blood pressure lowering.
  
  
  METHODS
  These six hormones, each at their 1-microm concentrations, were evaluated for their ability to decrease the number and/or proliferation of breast adenocarcinoma cells in culture for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 24 h, vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide, kaliuretic peptide, atrial natriuretic peptide and 8-bromo-cyclic GMP, a cell-permeable analogue of their intracellular mediator cyclic GMP (each at 1 microm), decreased the number of breast adenocarcinoma cells 60%, 31%, 27%, 40%, and 31%, respectively. There was no proliferation in the 3 days following this decrease in breast adenocarcinoma cell number. These same hormones decreased DNA synthesis 69% to 85% (P < 0.001). Brain natriuretic peptide and CNP did not decrease the number of breast adenocarcinoma cells or inhibit their DNA synthesis. Vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide, kaliuretic peptide and 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (each at 1 microM) decreased the number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle by 62%, 33%, 50%, and 39%, respectively (all P < 0.05). Natriuretic peptide receptors-A and -C were present in the breast adenocarcinoma cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four peptide hormones significantly decrease the number of human breast adenocarcinoma cells within 24 h and inhibit the proliferation of these cells for at least 96 h. Their mechanism of doing so involves inhibition of DNA synthesis and a decrease in cells in the S phase of the cell cycle mediated in part by cyclic GMP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida Cardiac Hormone Center and James A. Haley Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Vesely
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Ramos
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Fitz
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Solivan
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Gower
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Vesely
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000032:analysis; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000494:pharmacology; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C075322:atrial natriuretic factor precursor (79-98); C054547:atrial natriuretic factor prohormone (1-30), human; C054548:atrial natriuretic factor prohormone (31-67); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D004247:DNA; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; C091715:atrial natriuretic factor receptor A; C073616:atrial natriuretic factor receptor C