title: Preparation of arsenic trioxide-loaded albuminutes immuno-nanospheres and its specific killing effect on bladder cancer cell in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) was considered as a novel anti-tumor agent. However, it showed severe toxicity effect on normal tissue at the same time. To improve its therapeutic efficacy and decrease its toxicity,we prepared arsenic trioxide-loaded albuminutes immuno-nanospheres [As2O3-(HAS-NS)-BDI-1] targeted with monoclonal antibody (McAb) BDI-1 and tested its specific killing effect against bladder cancer cell.
  
  
  METHODS
  As2O3-HAS-NS was prepared by chemical cross-linking method. Monoclonal antibody BDI-1 was purified with ammonium sulphate saltingout and chromatography. Albuminutes microspheres were conjugated with McAb by SPDP cross-linking method. Concentration of As in As2O3-(HAS-NS)-BDI-1 and As2O3-HAS-NS was measured by atomic fluometry method. As2O3-(HAS-NS)-BDI-1 and its activity were detected by SDS-PAGE reduction electrophoresis, indirect immunofluorescence test, light microscope and scanning electron microscope observation. Acridine orange staining and tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation tests were used to indicate specific killing activity of As2O3-(HAS-NS)-BDI-1 in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In As2O3-(HAS-NS)-BDI-1 groups, we saw two protein bands in SDS-PAGE reduction electrophoresis. Albuminutes immuno-nanospheres were rounded with clear green fluorescence by immunofluorescence test. Under microscope, we observed that BIU-87 cells were covered with the As2O3-(HAS-NS)-BDI-1 and that As2O3-(HAS-NS)-BDI-1 moved with the BIU-87 cells. The albuminutes immuno-nanospheres were tightly junctioned with the BIU-87 cells. Specific killing activity of As2O3-(HAS-NS)-BDI-1 on bladder tumor cells was observed by acridine orange staining and 3H-TdR incorporation assays.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As2O3-(HAS-NS)-BDI-1 might bind specifically against BIU-87 cells, thus leading to high activity of killing bladder tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. zhoujie197562@sina.com.cn
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fu-qing
authors.initials: FQ
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qiang-song
authors.initials: QS
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Shu-sheng
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Li-zhang
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D043942:Nanotubes; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001152:Arsenicals; D010087:Oxides; D012709:Serum Albumin; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide