title: Other therapy options and future strategies for treating patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Research into therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS) is occurring at a rapid pace, and current treatment options approved by the FDA specifically target the inflammatory phase of MS. However, drugs that are not FDA-approved are routinely used to treat MS. One example is corticosteroids, which are commonly used to treat acute relapses. Other drugs that are commonly used to treat patients who do not respond to the FDA-approved agents include the following: methotrexate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and pulse steroids. Drugs being studied as possible therapeutic agents include the statins, mycophenolate mofetil, various monoclonal antibodies (e.g., alemtuzumab, daclzumab, natalizumab, and rituximab), antibiotics and antivirals, and the pregnancy hormone estriol. Disease modifying agents (DMAs) that promote remyelination would be beneficial for preventing long-term disability, and such agents are also under active investigation (e.g., IV immunoglobulin G and stem cell transplantation). Combination therapy with DMAs with different mechanisms of action may be advantageous in the future for providing optimal treatment that both delays the progression of disability and promotes repair and remyelination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Brown University School of Medicine, 2 Dudley Street, Suite 555, Providence, Rhode Island 02905, USA. srizvi@lifespan.org
authors.forename: Syed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.forename: Khurram
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bashir
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004967:Estrogens; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents