title: Phase I-II trial of ONYX-015 in combination with MAP chemotherapy in patients with advanced sarcomas.
abstract: ONYX-015 is a provisionally replication competent adenovirus with oncolytic activity in cells with malfunctioning p53. Sarcomas represent a rational target for this approach given the high frequency of p53 mutations (40-75%) and MDM-2 amplification (10-30%). We, therefore, undertook a phase I/II study of ONYX-015, days 1-5 every month administered intratumorally under radiographic guidance, in combination with MAP (mitomycin-C, doxorubicin, cisplatin) chemotherapy in patients with advanced sarcoma. Six patients were treated. Injected lesions included liver metastases in four patients and chest wall metastases in two patients. Sarcoma histologies were gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST, two patients), leiomyosarcoma (two patients), liposarcoma (one patient), and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (1 patient). Dose escalation was performed from 10(9) plaque forming units (PFU)/dose (total dose of 5 x 10(9) PFU/cycle) to 10(10) PFU/dose (total dose of 5 x 10(10) PFU/cycle) without dose-limiting toxicity being encountered. Immunohistochemistry of the metastatic lesions prior to treatment showed that five out of six patients were positive for p53, while two patients also had mdm-2 overexpression. Adenoviral replication was detected in two out of six patient biopsies on day 5 of the first cycle, by in situ hybridization (ISH). Both patients were treated at the highest dose level. ONYX-015 viral DNA was detected by quantitative PCR in the plasma of 5/6 patients on day 5 of the first cycle, and up to day 12 (7 days after the last viral dose) in one patient who had extended sampling for viral kinetics performed, suggesting viral replication in sarcoma tissue. One patient with p53 mutation and MDM-2 amplification achieved a partial response to treatment that lasted 11 months. In conclusion, intratumoral administration of ONYX-015 in combination with MAP chemotherapy is well tolerated with no significant toxicity due to ONYX-015 being encountered. Detection of viral DNA in post treatment tumor specimens by ISH and detection of the ONYX-015 genome in the peripheral blood by quantitative PCR, up to 7 days after the last viral dose provide evidence for adenoviral replication. There was evidence of antitumor activity in one out of six patients. Further investigation of this approach in patients with recurrent sarcomas is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galanis
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Okuno
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Atherton
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Edmonson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Erlichman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Randlev
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology; D014765:Viral Vaccines; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C464532:dl1520; D016685:Mitomycin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D002945:Cisplatin