title: The effect of eye orientation on slowly increasing pain.
abstract: The present study investigated the influence of eye orientation upon the experience of pain. Quasi continuous electrocutaneous stimuli which slowly increased in intensity were delivered to 32 healthy females volunteers. Participants were instructed to direct the eyes at locations that were ipsilateral or contralateral to the stimulated hand. Unpleasantness threshold and pain threshold were significantly higher when the eyes were oriented ipsilateral towards the stimulated hand. In a second experiment phase, the pain intensity increased until tolerance. There was no effect of eye orientation upon pain threshold and tolerance. Results of the first experimental part are in line with the counterintuitive idea that selective monitoring reduces pain distress. The lack of significant results in the second experiment phase is discussed in terms of statistical power and a change in coping induced by the expectation of high intensity pain.
authors.affiliation: Département de Biologie, Université de Lille 1, SN4.1, F-596555 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France. janick.naveteur@univ-lillel.fr
authors.forename: Janick
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Naveteur
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mars
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Crombez
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors