title: Sex and strain differences in adult mouse cardiac repolarization: importance of androgens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gender differences in mouse cardiac repolarization have been reported to be due to the stimulatory action of androgens on the ultrarapid delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(Kur)) and its underlying Kv1.5 channel. To confirm the regulation of ventricular repolarization by androgens, the present study compared two strains of mice (CD-1 and C57BL/6) that present different androgen levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Measurement of testosterone levels in different strains of mice (CD-1, C57BL/6, C3H and FVB) revealed that male C57BL/6 mice had very low levels of testosterone, whereas males of the other strains displayed normal testosterone levels. Furthermore, whole-cell voltage clamp recordings in isolated ventricular myocytes showed that the current density of I(Kur) in male C57BL/6 mice was similar to that in female mice but smaller with respect to male CD-1 mice. Androgen replacement in male C57BL/6 mice as well as in castrated male CD-1 mice shortened ventricular repolarization, increased I(Kur) current density, and increased expression of Kv1.5 channels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Strain and gender differences observed in mouse cardiac repolarization can be explained by different androgen levels. As a consequence, androgens are major regulatory factors in cardiac repolarization and special attention should be paid to the hormonal status of the animal when studying hormonal regulation of cardiac repolarization.
authors.affiliation: Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Rue Bélanger Est, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1T 1C8.
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brouillette
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rivard
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lizotte
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fiset
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000502:physiology*; D051666:Kv1.5 Potassium Channel; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009919:Orchiectomy; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C496982:Kcna5 protein, mouse; D051666:Kv1.5 Potassium Channel; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D013739:Testosterone