title: Austrian medical students' attitudes towards male and female homosexuality: a comparative survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The attitudes of health-care professionals and medical students towards male and female homosexuality are of practical relevance and have increasingly become a topic of scientific research. Comparative investigations between medical students and other student groups have not yet been conducted.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the attitudes of Austrian medical students towards homosexuality and to compare these with the attitudes of students of politics and veterinary medicine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Students of medicine (122), politics (145), and veterinary medicine (153) completed a questionnaire consisting of validated instruments assessing anti-homosexual attitudes, items assessing knowledge on homosexual issues, and basic demographic information.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants' attitudes were predominantly positive. For all instruments, two-way analyses of covariance revealed significant influences of participants' sex and study major: students of medicine and veterinary medicine held more negative attitudes than students of politics, and males were more prejudiced than females. Overall, attitudes towards male and female homosexuality were balanced, but male students of politics and veterinary medicine were more prejudiced towards male than female homosexuality. A significant influence of participants' sex (favoring females) was observed in knowledge of homosexual issues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although neutrality and empathy are considered vital in the doctor-patient relationship, medical students revealed more negative attitudes than students of politics did, the latter's attitudes being similar to those of students of veterinary medicine. These findings suggest that educational and correcting interventions are required in medical training.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Psychiatry, Otto Wagner Spital, Vienna, Austria. martin.voracek@univie.ac.at
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voracek
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musalek
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Springer-Kremser
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001317:Austria; D003625:Data Collection; D004520:Education, Veterinary; D005260:Female; D018452:Homosexuality, Female / Q000523:psychology*; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011057:Politics; D011287:Prejudice; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology; D013336:Students, Health Occupations / Q000523:psychology; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology*