title: Molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Poland: a 1-year study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterise drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in Poland and to estimate the amount of recent transmission in the population.
  
  
  METHODS
  M. tuberculosis strains isolated from 251 patients with resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in Poland in 2000 were analysed by spoligotyping and IS6110 DNA fingerprinting. Part of the strains was also characterised by sequencing of the rpoB, katG and/or the regulatory region of the inhA gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using combined spoligotyping/IS6110-RFLP defined clusters, 29% of the strains were clustered, suggesting possible recent transmission. In some cases, transmission links among strains in clusters could be confirmed by epidemiological data and in addition, for most of the strains, by analysis of the mutations associated with resistance to rifampicin and/or isoniazid. Younger age, sex, immigration and history of previous treatment were not associated with clustering, whereas multidrug-resistant disease was more likely to cluster. Strains of the Beijing family could also be found in Poland, although with a much lower frequency than in the neighbouring countries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transmission of drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains was demonstrated, which might contribute to the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Poland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics of Microorganisms, University of Lódź, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sajduda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brzostek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popławska
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sola
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Augustynowicz-Kopeć
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zwolska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dziadek
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Portaels
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017720:Molecular Epidemiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D013997:Time Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*