title: Accumulation of catalytically active proteases in lacrimal gland acinar cell endosomes during chronic ex vivo muscarinic receptor stimulation.
abstract: Chronic muscarinic stimulation induces functional quiescence (Scand J Immunol 2003;58:550-65) and alters the traffic of immature cathepsin B (Exp Eye Res 2004;79:665-75) in lacrimal acinar cells. To test whether active proteases aberrantly accumulate in the endosomes, cell samples were cultured 20 h with and without 10-microm carbachol (CCh), incubated with [125I]-bovine serum albumin and then lysed and analysed by subcellular fractionation. CCh decreased total cysteine protease and cathepsin S activities in the isolated lysosome, redistributing them to early endocytic and biosynthetic compartments. CCh decreased [125I] accumulation in all compartments of cells loaded in the absence of protease inhibitors; the cysteine protease inhibitor, leupeptin, prevented the endosomal decrease but not the lysosomal decrease. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography demonstrated [125I]-labelled proteolytic products in endomembrane compartments of both control and CCh-stimulated cells, even in the presence of leupeptin, but analysis indicated that CCh increased the amount in endosomes. Two-dimensional fractionation analyses suggest that the CCh-induced redistributions result from blocks in traffic to the late endosome from both the early endosome and the trans-Golgi network. Therefore, we conjecture that chronic muscarinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation leads to aberrant proteolytic processing of autoantigens in endosomes, from whence previously cryptic epitopes may be secreted to the underlying interstitial space.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Jerdeva
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marchelletta
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Hamm-Alvarez
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Mircheff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002403:Cathepsins / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D011992:Endosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007700:Kinetics; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000378:metabolism; D021601:trans-Golgi Network / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine; D002217:Carbachol; D002403:Cathepsins; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; C028217:cathepsin S