Renal function in space: the link between osteoporosis, hypercalciuria, and aquaporins.
This article reviews bone adaptation to microgravity, during manned space missions, in humans undergoing Head Down Tilt (HDT) and in Hind-Limb-Suspended Rats. Under microgravity conditions, bone loss occurs in association with hypercalciuria, which in turn modulates Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) excretion in urine, thus avoiding stone forming in space. This report discloses the need to prevent bone loss in order to prepare for long stays at lunar bases or voyages to Mars.
Gaspare De Santo
Natale
N
Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. nataleg.desanto@unina2.it <nataleg.desanto@unina2.it>
Cirillo
Massimo
M
Valenti
Giovanna
G
Perna
Alessandra
A
Anastasio
Pietro
P
Drummer
Christian
C
D000042:Absorption; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000419:Albuminuria; D000818:Animals; D051399:Aquaporin 2 / Q000652:urine; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000502:physiology*; D001510:Bed Rest; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine*; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D023421:Models, Animal; D008954:Models, Biological; D010024:Osteoporosis; D051381:Rats; D012964:Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D013026:Space Flight; D013997:Time Factors; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance; D014893:Weightlessness
D051399:Aquaporin 2; D020346:Aquaporins; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium