title: Clinical efficacy evaluation of calcium, phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate on surface-enamel smoothness and gloss.
abstract: This clinical study evaluated the effectiveness of a fluoride dentifrice containing calcium, phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate for improving surface-enamel smoothness and gloss relative to a commercially available fluoride and silica-containing dentifrice. Balancing for baseline surface-enamel roughness and gloss, 113 healthy adult volunteers who met the inclusion criterion for daily acidic drink consumption were randomized to receive 1 of the 2 products. Subjects brushed their teeth using the assigned dentifrice and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for 1 minute twice daily for 3 months. Surface-enamel roughness and gloss were evaluated at baseline and after 1 and 3 months of brushing twice daily. Within-treatment comparisons showed longitudinal improvement by the test dentifrice in tooth-surface roughness and gloss at the 1-month and 3-month examinations. After 3 months of use, the test dentifrice exhibited a highly significant improvement in gloss (23.4%, P < .0001) and surface roughness (13.7%, P < .0001) over baseline. The control dentifrice showed no significant improvement longitudinally in either parameter. Between-group comparisons adjusted for baseline demonstrated a significantly (P < .0001) greater improvement in tooth-surface roughness and gloss for the test dentifrice. The results indicate that the fluoride dentifrice containing calcium, phosphate, and sodium bicarbonate is effective in improving tooth-surface smoothness and gloss with regular use.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, California, USA.
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Joni A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Howard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Proskin
authors.forename: Annahita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghassemi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002133:Calcium Sulfate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002253:Carbonated Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005459:Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005638:Fruit / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008875:Middle Aged; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013499:Surface Properties; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D014089:Tooth Remineralization / Q000379:methods*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D014100:Toothpastes; C546054:sodium bicarbonate-based toothpaste; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; C013216:potassium phosphate; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005459:Fluorides; D002133:Calcium Sulfate