title: p21-activated kinase signaling in breast cancer.
abstract: The p21-activated kinases signal through a number of cellular pathways fundamental to growth, differentiation and apoptosis. A wealth of information has accumulated at an impressive pace in the recent past, both with regard to previously identified targets for p21-activated kinases that regulate the actin cytoskeleton and cellular stress pathways and with regard to newly identified targets and their role in cancer. Emerging data also provide new clues towards a previously unappreciated link between these various cellular processes. The present review attempts to provide a quick tutorial to the reader about the evolving significance of p21-activated kinases and small GTPases in breast cancer, using information from mouse models, tissue culture studies, and human materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA. aegururaj@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Anupama E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Gururaj
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rayala
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases
chemical_list: D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases