title: Whole-grain intake and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in Tehranian adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although dietary guidelines recommend increased intake of grain products to prevent chronic diseases, no epidemiologic data associate whole-grain intake with hypertriglyceridemic waist (HW) phenotype.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to evaluate the relation between whole-grain intakes and the prevalence of HW phenotype in adults in Tehran, Iran.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-grain intake, serum triacylglycerol concentration, and waist circumference (WC) were assessed in a population-based, cross-sectional study of 827 Iranian subjects (357 men and 470 women) aged 18-74 y. HW phenotype was defined as serum triacylglycerol concentrations > or =150 mg/dL and concurrent WC > or = 80 cm (men) and > or =79 cm (women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/-SD) consumption of whole and refined grains was 93 +/- 29 and 201 +/- 57 g/d, respectively. Subjects in the highest quartile of whole-grain intake had a significantly lower prevalence of HW (29%) than did those in the lowest quartile (44%; P < 0.05). Conversely, those in the highest quartile of refined-grain intake had a significantly higher prevalence of HW (45%) than did those in the lowest quartile (27%; P < 0.05). After control for potential confounding factors, a significantly decreasing trend was observed for the risk of HW phenotype across quartiles of whole-grain intake (odds ratios among quartiles: 1.00, 0.95, 0.90, and 0.78, respectively; P for trend = 0.02). Higher consumption of refined grains was associated with better odds of HW phenotype (by quartile: 1.00, 1.38, 1.65, and 2.1; P for trend = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whole-grain intake is inversely and refined-grain intake is positively associated with the risk of HW.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaillzadeh
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirmiran
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet; D002523:Edible Grain; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014505:Urban Population; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides