title: Effect of fluoride varnishes on color stability of esthetic restorative materials.
abstract: Fluoride varnish applications were applied to two hybrid resin composite materials, Z-100 (3M Dental Products, St Paul, MN, USA) and Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), shades A1 and A2 and a glass ionomer, GC Fuji IX GP Fast (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), shade A2, to evaluate color stability. Specimens (12.6-mm dia x 2.3 mm) were prepared using a polyethylene frame, light-cured and polished through a 1-microm alumina finish. After the initial baseline color measurements, the discs were suspended in Fusayama artificial saliva (FAS) solution at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Post immersion, the specimens were divided into five groups (n=15 each). The following fluoride varnishes were applied to four groups of test specimens: Duraphat (Colgate Oral Pharmaceutical, Inc, Canton MA, USA), Cavity Shield (OMNII Oral Pharmaceuticals, West Palm Beach, FL, USA), Duraflor (Pharmascience Inc, Montreal, Canada) and Fluor Protector (Vivadent, Ivoclar North America, Amherst, NY, USA). The varnish was allowed to dry for five minutes before immersion. The control group was not coated with varnish, although the specimens were immersed in FAS. All specimens were incubated in newly prepared FAS at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, cleaned with an electric toothbrush and the process repeated using newly prepared FAS. CIE L*a*b* color measurements were recorded five times: at baseline, after 48 hours FAS immersion, after cleaning the first and second fluoride varnish applications and after the final brushing using a commercial toothpaste (Crest). A Minolta CR-300 tristimulus colorimeter with an 8-mm aperture (Ramsey, NJ, USA) was used to record color measurements with the daylight (D65) setting. Calculations were performed for using CIE parameters deltaE*, deltaL*, delta a*, delta b*. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc test (Fisher's PLSD) were used for statistical analysis. After immersion in saliva, the tested glass ionomer (Fuji IX) produced the most significant color changes (deltaE*=1.19 and deltaL*=-1.03), indicating the effect of the color change was due to absorption. After fluoride varnish applications, Duraphat varnish produced significant changes in all tested materials and shades, resulting in color changes with deltaE greater than (>) 1 but less than (<) 3. These color changes are considered visually perceptible, yet have been reported in dental literature as clinically acceptable. Fluoride varnishes can be used without adversely affecting the color of restorative materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA. Jautio@dental.ufl.edu
authors.forename: Jaana T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Autio-Gold
authors.forename: Allyson A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Barrett
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D003775:Dental Polishing; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012464:Saliva, Artificial / Q000737:chemistry; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D014099:Toothbrushing; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D003188:Composite Resins; D004338:Drug Combinations; C120870:Duraflor; C466112:Esthet-X; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; C439808:Fuji IX GP Fast; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D012821:Silanes; C083568:Z100 composite resin; C454339:cavity shield; C023807:sodium fluoride topical preparation; C022599:Fluor Protector; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D015040:Zirconium; D000537:Aluminum Oxide