title: Sustained Hedgehog signaling is required for basal cell carcinoma proliferation and survival: conditional skin tumorigenesis recapitulates the hair growth cycle.
abstract: Temporally and spatially constrained Hedgehog (Hh) signaling regulates cyclic growth of hair follicle epithelium while constitutive Hh signaling drives the development of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), the most common cancers in humans. Using mice engineered to conditionally express the Hh effector Gli2, we show that continued Hh signaling is required for growth of established BCCs. Transgene inactivation led to BCC regression accompanied by reduced tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, leaving behind a small subset of nonproliferative cells that could form tumors upon transgene reactivation. Nearly all BCCs arose from hair follicles, which harbor cutaneous epithelial stem cells, and reconstitution of regressing tumor cells with an inductive mesenchyme led to multilineage differentiation and hair follicle formation. Our data reveal that continued Hh signaling is required for proliferation and survival of established BCCs, provide compelling support for the concept that these tumors represent an aberrant form of follicle organogenesis, and uncover potential limitations to treating BCCs using Hh pathway inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hutchin
authors.forename: Muhammed S T
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kariapper
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grachtchouk
authors.forename: Aiqin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lebing
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Donelle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Jianhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: L Evan
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Michael
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glick
authors.forename: Andrzej A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Dlugosz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000075746:Zinc Finger Protein Gli2
chemical_list: C000618551:Gli2 protein, mouse; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000075746:Zinc Finger Protein Gli2