title: Prognostic significance of the tumor suppressor gene maspin in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maspin is a serpin protease inhibitor, which is known to suppress tumor progression in breast cancer and to be regulated by wild-type p53. This study was performed to elucidate the biologic significance of maspin expression in non-small cell lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate whether maspin is involved in progression, clinicopathologic features, and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer, we performed an immunohistochemical study using antimaspin antibody and identified the presence of maspin messenger ribonucleic acid in cancerous and noncancerous tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, we evaluated p53 expression immunohistochemically on the serial sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma showed cytoplasmic staining pattern. The cytoplasmic positive rate was 77.8% (42 of 54 specimens) for the stage III group, and 36.2% (21 of 58 specimens) for the stage I group (p < 0.0001). Three-year survival rates after operation were 30.8% for the maspin-positive group and 71.1% for the maspin-negative group (p = 0.007). In multivariate analysis, immunohistochemical maspin expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. No correlation between maspin and p53 expression in cancer cells could be observed. There was an average fourfold increase in maspin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in cancerous tissues compared with those of noncancerous tissues, and stage III cases exhibited significantly higher maspin messenger ribonucleic acid levels than stage I cases (p = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that overexpression of maspin in cytoplasm may be a useful marker of tumor progression and unfavorable prognosis for overall survival in some patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Furthermore, maspin expression in cytoplasm appears to be unaffected by p53.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery II, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. ky-hirai@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kyoji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haraguchi
authors.forename: Tomomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000737:chemistry; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015843:Serpins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; C085344:SERPIN-B5; D015843:Serpins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53