title: Development and validation of a cross-cultural questionnaire to evaluate nonulcer dyspepsia: the Porto Alegre Dyspeptic Symptoms Questionnaire (PADYQ).
abstract: Despite its high prevalence, nonulcer dyspepsia is still difficult to study, due to the lack of adequate tools to measure significant outcomes. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a symptom-focused, disease-specific questionnaire to evaluate patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. For that, the questionnaire was carefully written following widely accepted terminology, so as to facilitate translation and validation in other languages and cultures. The questionnaire was developed using Rome I terminology for symptoms, which were evaluated according to their intensity, duration, and frequency when applicable. Thirty-one patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, as well as 31 sex-and age-matched volunteers without digestive problems were used to assess the internal consistency, reproducibility, responsiveness, content validity, and discriminant validity of the questionnaire. Another 31 functional dyspeptic patients were enrolled for assessment of criterion validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.82. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the scores obtained 7 days apart was 0.86. The mean score obtained after 3 months of treatment was 16.4, vs. 23.03 at baseline (P = 0.001). Two blinded gastroenterologists agreed that the questionnaire adequately evaluated nonulcer dyspepsia. The median symptoms score for controls was 0, vs. 22.5 for dyspeptic patients (P = 0.001). An inverse correlation was observed between quality of life and dyspeptic symptoms (R = -0.28, P = 0.026). The proposed questionnaire has high degrees of both reproducibility and responsiveness. As this questionnaire was based on Rome I International Consensus terminology, it is expected that it will be easy to translate and validate.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Gastroenterology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Port Alegre, RS, Brazil. guilhermesander@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Guilherme Becker
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Luiz Edmundo
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Mazzoleni
authors.forename: Carlos Fernando Magalhães
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Francesconi
authors.forename: André Castagna
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wortmann
authors.forename: Eduardo André
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ott
authors.forename: Alexandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theil
authors.forename: Piccoli Vicenzo
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Da Cruz
authors.forename: Angela Cristiane
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Da Silva
authors.forename: Leandro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beheregaray
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matioti
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Somm
authors.forename: José Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Goldim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D009626:Terminology as Topic