title: Chronic mild stress induces behavioral and physiological changes, and may alter serotonin 1A receptor function, in male and cycling female rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interactions among stress, serotonin 1A (5-HT(1A)) receptors, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system have been proposed to influence the development of depression in humans. The investigation of depression-relevant behaviors and physiological responses to environmental stressors in animal models of depression may provide valuable insight regarding these mechanisms.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of these experiments was to investigate the interactions among central 5-HT(1A) receptors, endocrine function, and behavior in an animal model of depression, chronic mild stress (CMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  The current study examined behavioral responses to a pleasurable stimulus (sucrose), estrous cycle length (in female rats), and plasma hormone levels following systemic administration of a selective 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist [(+)8-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT); 40 mug/kg, s.c.; administered 15 min prior to sacrifice], in male and female rats exposed to 4 weeks of CMS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four weeks of CMS produced a reduction in the intake of 1% sucrose (anhedonia), as well as attenuated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responses to 8-OH-DPAT in both male and female rats (22 and 18% lower than the control groups, respectively). Corticosterone and oxytocin responses to 8-OH-DPAT were not altered by exposure to CMS. In female rats, CMS induced a lengthening of the estrous cycle by approximately 40%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMS produces minor HPA disruptions along with behavioral disruptions. Alterations in 5-HT(1A) receptor function in specific populations of neurons in the central nervous system may be associated with the CMS model. The current findings contribute to our understanding of the relations that stress and neuroendocrine function have to depressive disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Center for Serotonin Disorders Research, Loyola University of Chicago, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. agrippo@psych.uic.edu
authors.forename: Angela J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Grippo
authors.forename: Nicole R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Katerina J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Damjanoska
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Crane
authors.forename: Gonzalo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Francisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Nancy A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Muma
authors.forename: Louis D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Van de Kar
mesh_terms: D017371:8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology; D030762:Estrous Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D008029:Lighting / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D014868:Water Deprivation
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A; D017371:8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin