title: Axotomy-dependent urokinase induction in the rat facial nucleus: possible stimulation of microglia by neurons.
abstract: The phenomenon in which urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is induced in the axotomized facial nucleus suggests an interaction between injured motoneurons and microglia. We examined the relation of neurons and microglia to the induction of uPA in vitro. The amount of uPA released from a co-culture of neurons and microglia was much greater than the addition of that from each alone, suggesting the occurrence of an interaction between the two. The analysis of conditioned neuronal medium (CNM)-effects on microglia and conditioned microglial medium (CMM)-effects on neurons revealed that microglia enhance uPA release in response to CNM, rather than vice versa. Characterization of the CNM-effect on microglia demonstrated that CNM enhances not only uPA release but also the specific activity of acid phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase in microglia. The profile of microglial activation caused by CNM was quite different from that caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activation. These results suggest that a specific soluble constituent(s) derived from neurons activates microglia by a mechanism different from LPS. As a candidate molecule for the microglial activation, brain-derived neurotrophic factor was detected in the CNM. Thus, uPA induction in the axotomized facial nucleus may be explained by a neuronal stimulus leading to uPA induction in microglia.
authors.affiliation: Neurobiology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577, Japan. nakajima@t.soka.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tohyama
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kohsaka
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000818:Animals; D019771:Axotomy; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D003124:Colorimetry; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000502:physiology; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D017628:Microglia / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; C016680:polyacrylamide gels; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator