title: Thiol oxidation induced by oxidative action of adriamycin.
abstract: To clarify the mechanism of the cardiotoxic action of adriamycin (ADM), the participation of free radicals from ADM in cardiotoxicity was investigated through the protective action of glutathione (GSH) or by using electron spin resonance (ESR). Oxidation of ADM by horseradish peroxidase and H2O2 (HRP-H2O2) was blocked by GSH concentration dependently. Inactivation of creatine kinase (CK) induced during interaction of ADM with HRP-H2O2 was also protected by GSH. Other anthracycline antitumor drugs that have a p-hydroquinone structure in the B ring also inactivated CK, and GSH inhibited the inactivation of CK. These results suggest that ADM was activated through oxidation of the p-hydroquinone in the B ring by HRP-H2O2. Although ESR signals of the oxidative ADM B ring semiquinone were not detected, glutathionyl radicals were formed during the interaction of ADM with HRP-H2O2 in the presence of GSH. ADM may be oxidized to the ADM B ring semiquinone and then reacts with the SH group. However, ESR signals of ADM C ring semiquinone, which was reductively formed by xanthine oxidase (XO) and hypoxanthine (HX) under anaerobic conditions, were not diminished by GSH, but they completely disappeared with ferric ion. These results indicate that oxidative ADM B ring semiquinones oxidized the SH group in CK, but reductive ADM C ring semiquinone radicals may participate in the oxidation of lipids or DNA and not of the SH group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, Katsuraoka-cho 7-1, Otaru 0470264, Japan.
authors.forename: Sanae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muraoka
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D015250:Aclarubicin / Q000737:chemistry; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000737:chemistry*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000737:chemistry*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000737:chemistry; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000737:chemistry; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D005978:Glutathione / Q000737:chemistry; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D019271:Hypoxanthine / Q000737:chemistry; D015255:Idarubicin / Q000737:chemistry; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D016227:Benzoquinones; D005609:Free Radicals; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D019271:Hypoxanthine; C025232:semiquinone radicals; D015251:Epirubicin; D015250:Aclarubicin; D004317:Doxorubicin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C027260:pirarubicin; D006735:Horseradish Peroxidase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005978:Glutathione; D015255:Idarubicin; D003630:Daunorubicin