title: Modulation of native T-type calcium channels by omega-3 fatty acids.
abstract: Low voltage-activated, rapidly inactivating T-type Ca(2+) channels are found in a variety of cells where they regulate electrical activity and Ca(2+) entry. In whole-cell patch clamp recordings from bovine adrenal zona fasciculata cells, cis-polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid inhibited T-type Ca(2+) current (I(T-Ca)) with IC(50)s of 2.4, 6.1, and 14.4microM, respectively. Inhibition of I(T-Ca) by DHA was partially use-dependent. In the absence of stimulation, DHA (5microM) inhibited I(T-Ca) by 59.7+/-8.1% (n=5). When voltage steps to -10mV were applied at 12s intervals, block increased to 80.5+/-7.2%. Inhibition of I(T-Ca) by DHA was accompanied by a shift of -11.7mV in the voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation, and a smaller -3.3mV shift in the voltage dependence of activation. omega-3 fatty acids also selectively altered the gating kinetics of T-type Ca(2+) channels. DHA accelerated T channel recovery from inactivation by approximately 3-fold, but did not affect the kinetics of T channel activation or deactivation. Arachidonic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, also inhibited T-type Ca(2+) current at micromolar concentrations, while the trans polyunsaturated fatty acid linolelaidic acid was ineffective. These results identify cis polyunsaturated fatty acids as relatively potent, new T-type Ca(2+) channel antagonists. omega-3 fatty acids are essential dietary components that have been shown to possess remarkable neuroprotective and cardioprotective properties that are likely mediated through suppression of electrical activity and associated Ca(2+) entry. Inhibition of T-type Ca(2+) channels in neurons and cardiac myocytes could contribute significantly to their protective actions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH 43210-1239, USA.
authors.forename: Sanjay J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Danthi
authors.forename: Judith A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Enyeart
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Enyeart
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000166:cytology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects*; D007700:Kinetics; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques
chemical_list: D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D002118:Calcium