title: Reconstruction of mandibular defects following tumor ablation by vertical distraction osteogenesis using intraosseous distraction devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Distraction osteogenesis has recently evolved a challenging technique to overcome major drawbacks of conventional augmentation procedures. We, therefore, report the application of miniaturized intraosseous distraction devices for the rehabilitation of mandibular defects due to ablative tumor surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 10 patients who had undergone box-shaped or segmental resections, augmentation of the residual mandibular bone or of full thickness iliac crest grafts was performed by intraosseous implant-shaped distractors. Distraction and reconsolidation was monitored by ultrasonography. Implants were inserted within 1 week after active distraction. Median follow-up after implant insertion was 38 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On average, a vertical gain of 7.3 mm was obtained by distraction. Except for one case (local infection), all distraction zones showed complete ossification by radiologic and ultrasonographic evaluation. Overall 28 implants were placed in the distracted bone. Two implants were lost at 2.4 and 22 months after placement. The estimated 4-year implant survival rate in this population was 90%. For the endpoint 'bone loss' (>1.5 mm in the first and >1 mm in following years), the estimated 4-year success rate was 59% with four out of seven events occurring in a single patient (patient No. 1 of this series).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertical distraction by means of implant distractors could be performed with reasonable success in tumor patients with box-shaped resection defects or undercontoured bone grafts. Overall morbidity was very low. Even though blood supply is continuously maintained in distraction osteogenesis, bone resorption remains a critical issue for this reconstruction technique too.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Mainz, Augustusplatz 2, 55101 Mainz, Germany. kunkel@mkg.klinik.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kunkel
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wahlmann
authors.forename: Torsten E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Reichert
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wegener
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation / Q000379:methods*; D000564:Ameloblastoma / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008339:Mandibular Neoplasms / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014716:Vertical Dimension; D014945:Wound Healing