title: Peripheral opioid analgesia: clinical applications.
abstract: Peripheral opioid analgesia is undoubtedly of clinical relevance, especially considering that systemic opioid therapy often is hampered by central side effects. Despite some clinical studies that do not show peripheral opioid-mediated pain control, mostly because of methodologic shortcomings, studies evaluating inflammatory pain conditions show clear evidence and the number and the sites of applications are increasing. The intention of this paper is to give insight into the recent experience with the clinical applications of peripheral opioid analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12200 Berlin, Germany. micha.schaefer@charite.de
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oeltjenbruns
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfer
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000187:drug effects*; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D014098:Toothache / Q000188:drug therapy; D014781:Viscera
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid