title: Renal function in space: the link between osteoporosis, hypercalciuria, and aquaporins.
abstract: This article reviews bone adaptation to microgravity, during manned space missions, in humans undergoing Head Down Tilt (HDT) and in Hind-Limb-Suspended Rats. Under microgravity conditions, bone loss occurs in association with hypercalciuria, which in turn modulates Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) excretion in urine, thus avoiding stone forming in space. This report discloses the need to prevent bone loss in order to prepare for long stays at lunar bases or voyages to Mars.
authors.affiliation: Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. nataleg.desanto@unina2.it <nataleg.desanto@unina2.it>
authors.forename: Natale
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gaspare De Santo
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cirillo
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valenti
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perna
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Anastasio
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Drummer
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000419:Albuminuria; D000818:Animals; D051399:Aquaporin 2 / Q000652:urine; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000502:physiology*; D001510:Bed Rest; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine*; D018475:Head-Down Tilt; D019417:Hindlimb Suspension; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology; D023421:Models, Animal; D008954:Models, Biological; D010024:Osteoporosis; D051381:Rats; D012964:Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D013026:Space Flight; D013997:Time Factors; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance; D014893:Weightlessness
chemical_list: D051399:Aquaporin 2; D020346:Aquaporins; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium