title: Apolipoprotein C-III protein concentrations and gene polymorphisms in Type 1 diabetes: associations with microvascular disease complications in the DCCT/EDIC cohort.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the associations of apolipoprotein C-III (apoCIII) protein and apoCIII gene variation with microvascular disease complications in Type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The serum apoCIII concentration, and both a T(-455)-->C and a SacI gene polymorphisms were determined in 409 patients in the DCCT/EDIC cohort of patients with Type 1 diabetes. Correlations with albumin excretion rate (AER) and the severity of retinopathy were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher apoCIII concentrations were associated (P<.0001) with increased triglycerides (r=.78), total (r=.61) and LDL (r=.40) cholesterol, apoAI (r=.26), and apoB (r=.50), AER (r=.08), and the severity of retinopathy (ETDRS score, r=.11), and these relationships persisted after controlling for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and HbA1c level. The apoCIII concentration was significantly higher in the group of patients with macroalbuminuria (AERs 300 mg/24 h) compared to the groups with microalbuminuria (AER 40-299 mg/24 h; P<.0001) or normoalbuminuria (AER <40 mg/24 h) (P<.0001). The apoCIII concentration also was significantly higher in the group of patients with severe retinopathy (ETDRS 10-23) compared to those with moderate (ETDRS 4-9; P<.02) or mild retinopathy (ETDRS 1-3; P<.0001). Neither the T(-455)-->C polymorphism nor a SacI polymorphism in the 3' UTR were associated with circulating apoCIII concentrations, nor the severity of nephropathy or retinopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated apoCIII levels have been associated with increased macrovascular disease risk. In the DCCT/EDIC cohort of patients, there was an independent positive association of apoCIII level with microvascular complications of Type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. kleinrl@musc.edu
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: M Brent
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: McHenry
authors.forename: Kerry H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lok
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: Ngoc-Anh
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Alicia J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Deyi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Semler
authors.forename: Grier
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Page
authors.forename: W Virgil
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: W Timothy
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Garvey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001056:Apolipoproteins C / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001056:Apolipoproteins C; D012709:Serum Albumin