title: Structural mechanism governing the quaternary organization of monocot mannose-binding lectin revealed by the novel monomeric structure of an orchid lectin.
abstract: Two isoforms of an antifungal protein, gastrodianin, were isolated from two subspecies of the orchid Gastrodia elata, belonging to the protein superfamily of monocot mannose-specific lectins. In the context that all available structures in this superfamily are oligomers so far, the crystal structures of the orchid lectins, both at 2.0 A, revealed a novel monomeric structure. It resulted from the rearrangement of the C-terminal peptide inclusive of the 12th beta-strand, which changes from the "C-terminal exchange" into a "C-terminal self-assembly" mode. Thus, the overall tertiary scaffold is stabilized with an intramolecular beta-sheet instead of the hybrid observed on subunit/subunit interface in all known homologous dimeric or tetrameric lectins. In contrast to the constrained extended conformation with a cis peptide bond between residues 98 and 99 commonly occurring in oligomers, a beta-hairpin forms from position 97 to 101 with a normal trans peptide bond at the corresponding site in gastrodianin, which determines the topology of the C-terminal peptide and thereby its unique fold pattern. Sequence and structure comparison shows that residue replacement and insertion at the position where the beta-hairpin occurs in association with cis-trans inter-conversion of the specific peptide bond (97-98) are possibly responsible for such a radical structure switch between monomers and oligomers. Moreover, this seems to be a common melody controlling the quaternary states among bulb lectins through studies on sequence alignment. The observations revealed a structural mechanism by which the quaternary organization of monocot mannose binding lectins could be governed. The mutation experiment performed on maltose-binding protein-gastrodianin fusion protein followed by a few biochemical detections provides direct evidence to support this conclusion. Potential carbohydrate recognition sites and biological implications of the orchid lectin based on its monomeric state are also discussed in this paper.
authors.affiliation: Center for Structural and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jingjin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Ren-huai
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Da-Cheng
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D002845:Chromatography; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D019281:Dimerization; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D031668:Gastrodia; D008358:Mannose / Q000737:chemistry; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D037121:Plant Lectins / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin; D010455:Peptides; D037121:Plant Lectins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D008358:Mannose