title: Synthesis, cellular uptake and HIV-1 Tat-dependent trans-activation inhibition activity of oligonucleotide analogues disulphide-conjugated to cell-penetrating peptides.
abstract: Oligonucleotides composed of 2'-O-methyl and locked nucleic acid residues complementary to HIV-1 trans-activation responsive element TAR block Tat-dependent trans-activation in a HeLa cell assay when delivered by cationic lipids. We describe an improved procedure for synthesis and purification under highly denaturing conditions of 5'-disulphide-linked conjugates of 3'-fluorescein labelled oligonucleotides with a range of cell-penetrating peptides and investigate their abilities to enter HeLa cells and block trans-activation. Free uptake of 12mer OMe/LNA oligonucleotide conjugates to Tat (48-58), Penetratin and R9F2 was observed in cytosolic compartments of HeLa cells. Uptake of the Tat conjugate was enhanced by N-terminal addition of four Lys or Arg residues or a second Tat peptide. None of the conjugates entered the nucleus or inhibited trans-activation when freely delivered, but inhibition was obtained in the presence of cationic lipids. Nuclear exclusion was seen for free delivery of Tat (48-58), Penetratin and R9 conjugates of 16mer phosphorothioate OMe oligonucleotide. Uptake into human fibroblast cytosolic compartments was seen for Tat, Penetratin, R9F2 and Transportan conjugates. Large enhancements of HeLa cell uptake into cytosolic compartments were seen when free Tat peptide was added to Tat conjugate of 12mer OMe/LNA oligonucleotide or Penetratin peptide to Penetratin conjugate of the same oligonucleotide.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Andrey A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Arzumanov
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gait
mesh_terms: D001692:Biological Transport; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat / Q000187:drug effects*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D004220:Disulfides; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D020135:Peptide Nucleic Acids; D013873:Thionucleotides; C477371:locked nucleic acid; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus