title: Measured and computed volatilisation of the fungicide fenpropimorph from a sugar beet crop.
abstract: Depending on their vapour pressure, volatilisation can be one of the main pathways of emission of pesticides into the environment. The volatilisation of fenpropimorph was studied in a field experiment in which the fungicide was sprayed onto a sugar beet crop. Volatilisation rates were calculated by measuring the concentration gradient in air, using the Aerodynamic and Bowen Ratio methods. A simplified computation model was used to simulate pesticide volatilisation, together with the concurrent processes of penetration into the plant leaves and phototransformation. Input data for the model had already been obtained by carrying out a wind-tunnel study with fenpropimorph, whereby field conditions were imitated. The computations yielded a reasonable description of the level and rate of decline of fenpropimorph volatilisation in the first 4 h after spraying. The continued volatilisation 2 and 3 days after spraying could be described by assuming that a fraction of the deposit was poorly exposed with comparatively low rates of the decline processes. In the first 3 days, penetration of fenpropimorph into the plant leaves was computed to be the main route for the pesticide (52% of the dosage), with substantial contributions from volatilisation (12%) and phototransformation (11%). The computation model can be developed further as a tool for extrapolating results on volatilisation from small-scale experiments to field conditions, but this requires more information on the effect of environmental conditions on the model parameters.
authors.affiliation: Alterra Green World Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Minze.Leistra@wur.nl
authors.forename: Minze
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leistra
authors.forename: Johan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Smelt
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van den Berg
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000737:chemistry*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009025:Morpholines; C050435:fenpropimorph