title: Scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry studies on the material surface of extruded Polycel ossicular prostheses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The cause of ossicular prosthesis extrusion remains an issue of interest to many otologists. This study evaluated the change in material surfaces and chemical elements of extruded total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORPs) and partial ossicular replacement prostheses (PORPs).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of nine extruded Polycel ossicular prostheses (four TORPs, five PORPs) from nine patients was investigated using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). Three prostheses (TORPs) obtained during revision surgery for hearing restoration were used as control subjects for EDX study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subjects from the study group showed loss of fibrous capsule at both platform and shaft in the extruded prostheses. In comparison with the control group, the extruded prostheses had a lower level of carbon element (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Loss of fibrous capsule and micro-degradation are probably two of the many factors that contribute to the extrusion of ossicular prostheses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Wonkwang Medical School, Iksan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Chul Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Pa-Chun
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005549:Foreign-Body Reaction / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009998:Ossicular Prosthesis; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D002266:Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium