title: Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect of rosmarinic acid (RA); inhibition of seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR) and its mechanism.
abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine whether oral supplementation with rosmarinic acid (RA) is an effective intervention for patients with SAR. In addition, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of RA also estimated in the ear edema models.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients were treated daily with RA (200 mg or 50 mg) or placebo for 21 days. Patients recorded symptoms daily and profiles of infiltrating cells and concentration of cytokines were measured in nasal lavage fluid. Compared to placebo, supplementation with RA resulted in a significant decrease in responder rates for each symptom. RA also significantly decreased the numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils in nasal lavage fluid.
  Topical application RA showed anti-inflammatory activity 5-hours after 12-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) treatment with marked inhibition of neutrophil infiltration. Up regulation of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), KC and MIP-2 by TPA were markedly reduced by pre-treatment with extract of perilla (PE) or RA. Reactive oxygen radical production detected as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), lipid peroxide (LPO) and 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine (8OH-dG), by double treatment of TPA was reduced by pretreatment with PE or RA. RA is an effective intervention for SAR that is mediated by inhibition of PMNL infiltration. This effect of RA is due to two independent mechanisms: inhibition of the inflammatory response and scavenging of ROS.
authors.affiliation: Health & Bioscience Laboratories, Meiji Seika Kaisha Ltd., 5-3-1, Chiyoda Sakado 350-0289, Japan. naomi_osakabe@meiji co.jp
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Osakabe
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Chiaki
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sanbongi
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Ken-ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053630:Depsides; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002934:Cinnamates; D053630:Depsides; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D010919:Placebos; D010936:Plant Extracts; D000097123:Rosmarinic Acid