title: Gender differences in 24-hour urinary diaries of asymptomatic North American adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two previously published studies from our center have described the urinary habits of asymptomatic men (284) and women (300) as revealed by 24-hour urinary diaries. Those gender specific studies found that urinary diary variables are affected by age and race. By comparing the data from those studies we determined the effect of gender on voiding habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this secondary analysis we matched each female urinary diary to that of a male of similar age and race. Diary variables were compared using paired sign tests with results considered significant at the 5% level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 141 matched pairs were studied. The population age ranged from 18 to 68 years and was racially diverse (56% black, 31% white, 7% Hispanic and 6% Asian). Men had higher total fluid intake and mean voided volume than women (p <0.001 and 0.04, respectively). Women voided more frequently than men (p = 0.006) and had more voids per liter of fluid intake (p <0.001). No gender differences were found for body mass index, nighttime or daytime diuresis rates, total urine volume, maximum voided volume or rates of nocturia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This analysis suggests that there are significant gender effects on 24-hour diary variables, with females tending to void more often and at lower mean volumes. The results of our study may be useful in the design of research studies or for patient counseling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60302, USA. emuelle@lumc.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Latini
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lux
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stablein
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brubaker
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kreder
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States; D014554:Urination