title: [Infection of Penicillium marneffei].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the etiology, pathohistology, clinical characteristic and differential diagnosis, reduce missed diagnosis and improve the early detection and treatment of Penicillium Marneffei infection, by means of this case report and literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A patient hospitalized Penicillium Marneffei infection were presented here, together with 27 cases in the literature, among which 10 patients had complications of AIDS and 5 with other diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Penicillium Marneffei is a temperature-sensitive, two-phase fungus, which can infect healthy and immunocompromised subjects. The common symptoms are lymphadenopathy and infection of the lung. The infection may be local or diffuse, involving the intestinal tract, soft tissue, bone, liver, spleen and bone marrow etc. The lesion can be classified into the granuloma type, suppurative type and anergy/necrosis type histologically. The yeast-like fungus were mainly found in the cytoplasm of macrophages, which were demonstrated by PAS and Giemsa staining. The wine red color developed on the culture confirms the diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of Penicillium Marneffei infection should be considered when tuberculosis is suspected but not confirmed, and if the patient has a history of having lived or traveled in Southeast Asia, is anemic or resistant to anti-tuberculosis treatment. The major differential diagnosis is histoplasmosis. Early administration of anti-fungus drugs is essential for recovery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Hong-Rui
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiu-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Ai-Xia
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tong-Hua
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D017964:Itraconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D010407:Penicillium / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D017964:Itraconazole; D000666:Amphotericin B