title: Freemartinism in river buffalo: clinical and cytogenetic observations.
abstract: During the last five years forty phenotypic female river buffalos with reproductive problems and two phenotypic male co-twins of females, raised in the provinces of Caserta and Salerno (southern Italy) underwent cytogenetic investigation. Of the 42 animals studied, 10 freemartins (8 females and 2 males) were found with variable percentages of male and female blood cells, the majority however showing similar percentages of both. Of the eight females, six showed normal body conformation, vagina and clitoris, while two showed some male traits (tight pelvis). The two males were apparently normal with only a reduced size of one testicle in one animal. Clinical observations performed in the internal reproductive organs of the female carriers by both rectal palpation (5 females) and direct observation after mating (3 females) revealed serious damages varying from complete lack of internal sex adducts (closed vagina) to hypoplasia of Mullerian ducts and absence (or atrophy) of ovaries. All freemartin females were sterile. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of freemartinism in river buffalo by combining clinical and cytogenetic analyses.
authors.affiliation: National Research Council (CNR), ISPAAM, Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Gene Mapping, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy. L.Iannuzzi@iabbam.na.cnr.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iannuzzi
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Di Meo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perucatti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciotola
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Incarnato
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Palo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Peretti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Campanile
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zicarelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002020:Buffaloes / Q000235:genetics*; D002417:Cattle; D002871:Chromosome Banding / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian / Q000235:genetics; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005611:Freemartinism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male