title: Frequent serial fecal corticoid measures from rats reflect circadian and ovarian corticosterone rhythms.
abstract: The circadian glucocorticoid rhythm provides important information on the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in individuals. Frequent repeated blood sampling can limit the kinds of studies conducted on this rhythm, particularly in small laboratory rodents that have limited blood volumes and are easily stressed by handling. We developed an extraction and assay protocol to measure fecal corticosterone metabolites in repeated samples collected from undisturbed male and female adult Sprague-Dawley rats. This fecal measure provides a non-invasive method to assess changes in corticosterone within a single animal over time, with sufficient temporal acuity to quantify several characteristics of the circadian rhythm: e.g. the nadir, acrophase, and asymmetry (saw-tooth) of the rhythm. Males excreted more immunoreactive fecal corticoids than did females. Across the estrous cycle, females produced more fecal corticoids on proestrus (the day of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge) than during estrus or metestrus. These results establish a baseline from which to study environmental, psychological, and physiological disturbances of the circadian corticosterone rhythm within individual rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA. s-cavigelli@psu.edu
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cavigelli
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Monfort
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Mechref
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: McClintock
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D030762:Estrous Cycle; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D003345:Corticosterone