title: Simultaneous bilateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy in children.
abstract: In the paediatric section, two papers relating to the upper urinary tract are presented. The first, from Hungary, describes simultaneous bilateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 13 patients, where it was deemed feasible; this is the first such report. Authors from London report on unilateral nephrectomy in patients with nephrogenic hypertension, and found that it was successful in normalising blood pressure in patients with renal hypertension with a normal contralateral kidney.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of removing bilateral kidney stones simultaneously from children, in one session.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen patients (three girls and 10 boys, 26 kidneys; mean age 8 years, range 3-14) underwent simultaneous bilateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the same session, under general anaesthesia, starting with ureteric catheter insertion into both kidneys and using a 26 F adult nephroscope. The mean (range) stone diameter was 2 (1-3.5) cm. Three patients had staghorn stones in one of their kidneys. Ultrasonic disintegration was used; two patients had bilateral and two others unilateral endopylotomy, and one patient had percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotomy in the same session. The mean (range) operative duration was 65 (55-90) min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were rendered stone-free; there was no severe bleeding or any other complication. On one side in one of the patients, a second session was needed because of residual stone. The nephrostomy tubes were removed 3 and 4 days after PCNL and the hospital stay was 6 (1-11) days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advantages of simultaneous bilateral PCNL are reduced psychological stress, one cystoscopy and anaesthesia, less medication and a shorter hospital stay and convalescence, with considerable savings in cost. In experienced hands this method can be used not only in adults but also in children. To our knowledge this is the only report of this technique in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary. morshed@jaguar.unideb.hu
authors.forename: Morshed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Salah
authors.forename: Béla
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tállai
authors.forename: Endre
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Holman
authors.forename: Munim A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tóth
authors.forename: Csaba
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tóth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000601:surgery*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome