title: Rev-erbbeta regulates the expression of genes involved in lipid absorption in skeletal muscle cells: evidence for cross-talk between orphan nuclear receptors and myokines.
abstract: Rev-erbbeta is an orphan nuclear receptor that selectively blocks trans-activation mediated by the retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-alpha (RORalpha). RORalpha has been implicated in the regulation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid homeostasis, and inflammation. Reverbbeta and RORalpha are expressed in similar tissues, including skeletal muscle; however, the pathophysiological function of Rev-erbbeta has remained obscure. We hypothesize from the similar expression patterns, target genes, and overlapping cognate sequences of these nuclear receptors that Rev-erbbeta regulates lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. This lean tissue accounts for >30% of total body weight and 50% of energy expenditure. Moreover, this metabolically demanding tissue is a primary site of glucose disposal, fatty acid oxidation, and cholesterol efflux. Consequently, muscle has a significant role in insulin sensitivity, obesity, and the blood-lipid profile. We utilize ectopic expression in skeletal muscle cells to understand the regulatory role of Rev-erbbeta in this major mass peripheral tissue. Exogenous expression of a dominant negative version of mouse Rev-erbbeta decreases the expression of many genes involved in fatty acid/lipid absorption (including Cd36, and Fabp-3 and -4). Interestingly, we observed a robust induction (>15-fold) in mRNA expression of interleukin-6, an "exercise-induced myokine" that regulates energy expenditure and inflammation. Furthermore, we observed the dramatic repression (>20-fold) of myostatin mRNA, another myokine that is a negative regulator of muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia that impacts on body fat accumulation. This study implicates Rev-erbbeta in the control of lipid and energy homoeostasis in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, we speculate that selective modulators of Rev-erbbeta may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of dyslipidemia and regulation of muscle growth.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Sathiya N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Les J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: George E O
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Muscat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005227:Fatty Acids; C499650:Nr1d2 protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D005947:Glucose