title: Expression of cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors p21(WAF1) and p27(KIP1) in benign, premalignant and malignant laryngeal lesions. correlation with cell cycle regulatory proteins.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cell cycle progression and transition of cells from the first gap phase (G1) to the DNA replication phase (S) depend on a finely tuned balance between the levels of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed 57 squamous cell invasive carcinomas of the larynx, 10 in situ carcinomas, 56 cases of dysplasia, 11 papillomas and 26 keratosis. We investigated: a) the immunohistochemical expression of CDKIs, p21 and p27, b) any possible relation between normal and abnormal immunoprofiles of these proteins and p53 protein and proliferation status as determined by the expression of Ki67 and PCNA, and c) their presence in pre-malignant and malignant laryngeal lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expression of p21 and p27 was observed in 58.9% and 89.5% of the laryngeal carcinomas, respectively. High levels of p21 were significantly correlated with increased cyclin D (p=0.001), cyclin E (p<0.001) and Ki67 (p<0.001), while increased expression levels of p27 were associated with p53 accumulation (p=0.02) and with increased proliferation status as expressed by Ki67 (p=0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to the increased expression levels of CDKIs in laryngeal carcinomas, we suggest the existence of a mechanism by which tumor cells tolerate the inhibitory effect of these proteins on cell cycle progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peschos
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsanou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stefanou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Damala
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vougiouklakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitselou
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Agnantis
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C436291:CDKN1B protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27