title: Assessment of the toxicity of triasulfuron and its photoproducts using aquatic organisms.
abstract: The toxicological effects of the sulfonylurea herbicide triasulfuron and its photoproducts were assessed on four aquatic organisms. Toxicity varied with tested organism and with triasulfuron irradiation time. Triasulfuron and its photoproducts had no significant effects on the crustacean (Cladocera) Daphnia magna (causing 50% effective concentration [EC50] [48 h] = 49 +/- 1 mg/L) and the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri (EC50 [30 min] > 100 mg/L). In contrast, primary producers (the duckweed Lemna minor, the microalgae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and Chlorella vulgaris) were very sensitive to triasulfuron (EC50s < 11 microg/L). For these organisms, triasulfuron photoproducts were less toxic than the parent compound but the residual toxicity observed still represented a potential environmental hazard.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Application de la Chimie à l'Environnement (LACE), UMR 5634 CNRS, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France. vulliet@univ-lyon1.fr
authors.forename: Emmanuelle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vulliet
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Emmelin
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chovelon
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chouteau
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Clement
mesh_terms: D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D029064:Araceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000460:Chlorophyta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003621:Daphnia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D010777:Photochemistry; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D013472:Sunlight; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D006540:Herbicides; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D014873:Water Pollutants; C094039:triasulfuron; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides