Distinct activities of CHD1 and ACF in ATP-dependent chromatin assembly.
CHD1 is a chromodomain-containing protein in the SNF2-like family of ATPases. Here we show that CHD1 exists predominantly as a monomer and functions as an ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly factor. This reaction involves purified CHD1, NAP1 chaperone, core histones and relaxed DNA. CHD1 catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of histones from the NAP1 chaperone to the DNA by a processive mechanism that yields regularly spaced nucleosomes. The comparative analysis of CHD1 and ACF revealed that CHD1 assembles chromatin with a shorter nucleosome repeat length than ACF. In addition, ACF, but not CHD1, can assemble chromatin containing histone H1, which is involved in the formation of higher-order chromatin structure and transcriptional repression. These results suggest a role for CHD1 in the assembly of active chromatin and a function of ACF in the assembly of repressive chromatin.
Lusser
Alexandra
A
Section of Molecular Biology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0347, USA.
Urwin
Debra L
DL
Kadonaga
James T
JT
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056490:Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
C100593:CHD1 protein, Drosophila; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006657:Histones; C533554:Nap1 protein, Drosophila; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056490:Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1; D009707:Nucleosomes; D011506:Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004247:DNA