title: Microsatellite analysis of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene and immunoexpression of beta catenin in nephroblastoma: a study including 83 cases treated with preoperative chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether microsatellite mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene have pathological or prognostic significance in nephroblastomas and to correlate APC alterations with beta catenin immunoexpression.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred nephroblastomas were analysed, 83 of which received preoperative chemotherapy. Normal and tumour DNA was isolated using standard proteinase K digestion and phenol/chloroform extraction from paraffin wax embedded tissue. Polymerase chain reaction using four APC microsatellite markers-D5S210, D5S299, D5S82, and D5S346-was performed and the products analysed. Immunohistochemistry was performed using the LSAB kit with diaminobenzidine as chromogen. Results were correlated with clinicopathological data using the chi(2) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allelic imbalance/loss of heterozygosity was more frequent than microsatellite instability, with 30% of cases showing allelic imbalance/ loss of heterozygosity and 16% showing microsatellite instability. Although there was a significant correlation between the results for individual markers and the clinicopathological data, the overall results do not support a prognostic role for APC in nephroblastoma. Expression of beta catenin was seen in 93% of cases. Staining was predominantly membranous, with epithelium, blastema, and stroma being immunoreactive. Cytoplasmic redistribution was seen in 58% of cases, but no nuclear staining was detected. No significant associations between beta catenin expression and the clinicopathological parameters were found. Kaplan-Meier survival plots showed that patients with loss of membranous staining and pronounced cytoplasmic staining (score, 3) had a significantly shorter survival (p = 0.04; median survival, 5.87 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Microsatellite analysis of APC and immunoexpression of beta catenin did not provide significant pathological or prognostic information in this cohort of nephroblastomas.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Research Facility, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Congella, 7925 Durban, South Africa.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramburan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oladiran
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Hadley
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Govender
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D017491:Genes, APC; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051176:beta Catenin