title: A crystallographic investigation of phosphoantigen binding to isopentenyl pyrophosphate/dimethylallyl pyrophosphate isomerase.
abstract: We report the crystallographic structures of the potent phosphoantigens Phosphostim (the bromohydrin of isopentenyl pyrophosphate) and E-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate bound to the mevalonate pathway enzyme isopentenyl pyrophosphate/dimethylallyl pyrophosphate isomerase (IPPI). Racemic Phosphostim forms covalent complexes with IPPI: a 4-thioether with C67 and a 4-ester with E116. Only the E116 ester forms with the chiral species, S-Phosphostim, with the w.t. enzyme, while the C67 thioether forms with a mutant Y104F IPPI. The potent phosphoantigen HMBPP also binds to IPPI, but is only a weak ( approximately 50 muM) inhibitor. These results strongly support an SN2 reaction for inhibition of IPPI by Phosphostim, in contrast to the SN1 or concerted type of reaction found with epoxide inhibitors, which react at C-3, and are of general interest in the context of the development of novel mevalonate pathway inhibitors. They also provide clues as to the nature of the binding site of synthetic phosphoantigens in gammadelta T cell activation. In particular, both bromohydrin and epoxy phosphoantigens are potent, irreversible inhibitors of IPPI while HMBPP is only a weak inhibitor, ruling out an IPPI or IPPI-like target for HMBPP in gammadelta T cell activation.
authors.affiliation: Institute de Recherche Wiame and Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Avenue E. Gryson, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wouters
authors.forename: Fenglin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Yongcheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yonghui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yamina
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oudjama
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stalon
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Droogmans
authors.forename: Craig T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oldfield
mesh_terms: D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019748:Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D011756:Diphosphates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D045782:Hemiterpenes
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D011756:Diphosphates; D045782:Hemiterpenes; C429553:bromohydrin pyrophosphate; D019748:Carbon-Carbon Double Bond Isomerases; C021453:isopentenyldiphosphate delta-isomerase