title: Does homeopathically potentized antimony stimulate coagulation? A summary of previous findings and results of an in vitro pilot study by means of thrombelastography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Potentized antimony is traditionally used in anthroposophic medicine to enhance hemostasis in bleeding disorders, but evidence of its effectiveness is scarce. On the other hand, non-toxic and economic additional therapeutic options for hemostatic disorders are desirable.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined all available literature on the subject and performed a controlled pilot in vitro study to test the procoagulatory potency of antimony D 5.
  
  
  METHODS
  Freshly drawn citrated whole blood of 12 healthy volunteers and 12 patients with bleeding disorders was equally distributed into 344 portions, after which it was mixed with antimony D 5, or its potentized vehicle (lactose D 5) as control solution and tested with thrombelastography. The paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test were used for statistical analysis. In 5 of the 12 healthy donors, a second blood sample was drawn to assess individual variability and increase the total number of replicates. Thus three separate calculations were performed: for the 12 patients, the 12 healthy donors, and the 5 later samples from the same donors. The analysis was exploratory, and no Bonferroni correction was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the antimony D5 samples of the 12 healthy subjects, but not the patients, there was a tendency toward a shorter clotting time (CT) (p = 0.074) and a trend for an increased clot firmness, expressed as maximal amplitude (MA) (p = 0.058). The increase of MA was significant (p = 0.011) when the later samples were included. No statistical difference was detected for the clot formation time and the clot lysis index.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The exploratory results of this pilot study are inconclusive as to whether antimony D5 has a procoagulatory effect in vitro, although the results suggest an effect on MA and possibly CT. More research is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthroposophic Medicine, Institute for Complementary Medicine KIKOM, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland. peter.heusser@kikom.unibe.ch
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heusser
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stutz
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haeberli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000887:Anthroposophy; D000965:Antimony / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006474:Hemorrhagic Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007785:Lactose; D008297:Male; D008419:Materia Medica / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013916:Thrombelastography
chemical_list: D006490:Hemostatics; D008419:Materia Medica; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D000965:Antimony; D007785:Lactose