Species concepts and biodiversity in Trichoderma and Hypocrea: from aggregate species to species clusters?
Trichoderma/Hypocrea is a genus of soil-borne or wood-decaying fungi containing members important to mankind as producers of industrial enzymes and biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, but also as opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised humans. Species identification, while essential in view of the controversial properties of taxa of this genus, has been problematic by traditional methods. Here we will present a critical survey of the various identification methods in use. In addition, we will present an update on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the 88 taxa (which occur as 14 holomorphs, 49 teleomorphs and 25 anamorphs in nature) of Trichoderma/Hypocrea that have been confirmed by a combination of morphological, physiological and genetic approaches.
Druzhinina
Irina
I
Institute of Chemical Engineering, Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Getreidemarkt 9/E1665, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
Kubicek
Christian P
CP
D002874:Chromosome Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D035901:Hypocrea / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*