title: Possible role for avPGC-1alpha in the control of expression of fiber type, along with avUCP and avANT mRNAs in the skeletal muscles of cold-exposed chickens.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), a transcriptional coactivator, plays a role in mitochondrial biogenesis, muscle fiber specialization, and adaptive thermogenesis. Because of an absence of brown adipose tissue, the skeletal muscle tissue in chickens serves as an important source of thermogenesis to counter the cold. The present experiments were conducted (i) to clone the cDNA of PGC-1alpha homologs from chicken skeletal muscle and to examine alterations to PGC-1alpha mRNA expression in the skeletal muscles of cold-exposed chickens, (ii) to study the effect of cold-acclimation on the metabolic fiber phenotype of typically fast-glycolytic (type IIB) pectoralis muscles, and (iii) to compare avANT and avUCP mRNA expression in control and cold-exposed chickens. Results show that the cloned avPGC-1alpha cDNA encodes a 796 amino-acid protein (GenBank Accession No. AB170013) showing 84% identity with rodent PGC-1alpha cDNA. Exposure of chickens to a cold environment resulted in the prompt upregulation of avPGC-1alpha expression, which preceded increments in avUCP and avANT expression in skeletal muscle mitochondria. Consistent with the morphological appearance of muscles, an increase in the number of fast-oxidative-glycolytic (type IIA) fibers in the pectoralis muscle, which contains exclusively type IIB fibers in control chickens, was observed in cold-acclimated chickens. These findings provide novel information about possible regulatory pathways in avian skeletal muscle during thermogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Science of Biological Function, Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toyomizu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D030161:Avian Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D000226:Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071245:Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D030161:Avian Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D000071245:Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; C422907:mitochondrial uncoupling protein, chicken; C111264:peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1; D000226:Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases