title: Information, consent and perceived coercion: patients' perspectives on electroconvulsive therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a procedure that attracts special safeguards under common law for voluntary patients and under both current and proposed mental health legislation, for those receiving compulsory treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review patients' views on issues of information, consent and perceived coercion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen papers and reports were identified that dealt with patients' views on information and consent in relation to ECT; 134 'testimonies' or first-hand accounts were identified. The papers and reports were subjected to a descriptive systematic review. The testimony data were analysed qualitatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Approximately half the patients reported that they had received sufficient information about ECT and side-effects. Approximately a third did not feel they had freely consented to ECT even when they had signed a consent form. Clinician-led research evaluates these findings to mean that patients trust their doctors, whereas user-led work evaluates similar findings as showing inadequacies in informed consent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither current nor proposed safeguards for patients are sufficient to ensure informed consent with respect to ECT, at least in England and Wales.
authors.affiliation: Service User Research Enterprise, PO 34, Health Services Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK. d.rose@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Diana S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Til H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Wykes
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bindman
authors.forename: Pete S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
mesh_terms: D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004739:England; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D014852:Wales