title: Local gentamicin reduces sternal wound infections after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sternal wound infections remain a major cause of morbidity after cardiac surgery. Vancomycin is often the only effective antibiotic available for their treatment but its use for routine prophylaxis is inadvisable for ecological reasons. Local application of gentamicin produces high antibiotic concentrations in the wound. We aimed to determine whether this treatment could have an additive effect on the incidence of sternal wound infections when combined with routine prophylaxis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two thousand cardiac surgery patients were randomized to routine prophylaxis with intravenous isoxazolyl-penicillin alone (control group) or to this prophylaxis combined with application of collagen-gentamicin (260 mg gentamicin) sponges within the sternotomy before wound closure. Endpoint was any sternal wound infection within 2 months postoperatively. Evaluations were double-blind and made on an intention-to-treat basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation was possible in 967 and 983 patients in the control and treatment groups, respectively. The incidence of sternal wound infection was 4.3% in the treatment group and 9.0% in the control group (relative risk 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.33-0.68; p < 0.001). Early reoperation for bleeding was more common in the treatment group (4.0% vs 2.3%, p = 0.03). No difference in postoperative renal function was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Local collagen-gentamicin reduced the risk for postoperative sternal wound infections. Further studies are warranted to confirm these results, particularly with regard to deep infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Orebro University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden. orjan.friberg@orebroll.se
authors.forename: Orjan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Friberg
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Svedjeholm
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Söderquist
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Granfeldt
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vikerfors
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Källman
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002417:Cattle; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003023:Cloxacillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003094:Collagen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004009:Dicloxacillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D010000:Osteitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013908:Thoracotomy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D002981:Clindamycin; D003094:Collagen; D004009:Dicloxacillin; D003023:Cloxacillin