title: Modulatory role of the adventitia on noradrenaline and angiotensin II responses role of endothelium and AT2 receptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have studied the modulatory role of the adventitia on vascular tone and nitric oxide (NO) availability in response to noradrenaline (NA) and angiotensin II (Ang II).
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in isometric tension were determined in carotid arteries from 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats denuded from adventitia (-A) and compared to intact rings (+A). NO availability was assessed by the fluorescent NO indicator, 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Responses to NA (10(-10) to 10(-6) M) were: (i) significantly lower in -A compared to +A rings; (ii) equally enhanced in +A and -A rings without endothelium; and (iii) reduced in +A and -A rings incubated with superoxide dismutase (SOD; 15 U/ml). Responses to Ang II (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) were: (i) similar between +A and -A segments; (ii) equally reduced in both groups by SOD; and (iii) increased by endothelial denudation in both +A and -A arteries. Blockade of AT2 receptors with PD 123,319 (10(-7) M) significantly increased Ang II-induced contractions in +A rings. In segments preincubated with losartan (10(-5) M) and precontracted with NA (10(-7) M), Ang II elicited a relaxation that was abolished by l-NAME (10(-4) M), PD 123,319 (10(-7) M), and endothelium or adventitial removal. NO availability was increased in carotid rings stimulated with Ang II, but not with NA. This NO release was blocked by PD 123,319 (10(-7) M) and endothelium denudation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the adventitia differently modulates responses to vasoconstrictors and that it is a key layer in Ang II-induced contractions, mediating NO release from the endothelium via AT2 receptors. This increase in NO counterbalances basal superoxide release.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Somoza
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: José María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Fatima
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Abderrahim
authors.forename: Silvia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Arribas
authors.forename: María S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fernández-Alfonso
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D009638:Norepinephrine