title: A comparative study on the dissipation and microbial metabolism of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in orchaqualf and fluvaquent soils of West Bengal.
abstract: An experiment has been conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effect of phorate (an organophosphate insecticide) and carbofuran (a carbamate insecticide) at their recommended field rates (1.5 and 1.0 kga.i.ha-1, respectively) on the growth and multiplication of microorganisms as well as rate of dissipation and persistence of the insecticidal residues including their metabolites in laterite (typic orchaqualf) and alluvial (typic fluvaquent) soils of West Bengal. Application of phorate and carbofuran in general, induced growth and development of bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, N2-fixing bacteria and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms in both the soils and the stimulation was more pronounced with phorate as compared to carbofuran. Application of phorate recorded highest stimulation of fungi in laterite and actinomycetes in alluvial soil. Carbofuran on the other hand, augmented fungi and N2-fixing bacteria in laterite and actinomycetes in alluvial soil. Bacterial population was inhibited due to the application of carbofuran in alluvial soil. Phorate sulfoxide and phorate sulfone, the two metabolites of phorate and 3-hydroxycarbofuran and 3-ketocarbofuran, the two metabolites of carbofuran isolated were less persistent in both the soils. Phorate persisted in laterite and alluvial soils up to 45 and 60 days, respectively depicting the half-life (T1/2) 9.7 and 11.5 days, respectively while the T1/2 of carbofuran for the said soils were 16.9 and 8.8 days, respectively. No metabolite of carbofuran was detected in soils after 30 days of incubation while phorate sulfone persisted in alluvial soil even after 60 days of application of the insecticide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur 741252, West Bengal, India. acdas2@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Amal Chandra
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: Arunabha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakravarty
authors.forename: Gargi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Premasis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sukul
authors.forename: Debatosh
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D002235:Carbofuran / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007194:India; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D010702:Phorate / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D010702:Phorate; D002235:Carbofuran