title: Inhibition of interferon signaling by the New York 99 strain and Kunjin subtype of West Nile virus involves blockage of STAT1 and STAT2 activation by nonstructural proteins.
abstract: The interferon (IFN) response is the first line of defense against viral infections, and the majority of viruses have developed different strategies to counteract IFN responses in order to ensure their survival in an infected host. In this study, the abilities to inhibit IFN signaling of two closely related West Nile viruses, the New York 99 strain (NY99) and Kunjin virus (KUN), strain MRM61C, were analyzed using reporter plasmid assays, as well as immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses. We have demonstrated that infections with both NY99 and KUN, as well as transient or stable transfections with their replicon RNAs, inhibited the signaling of both alpha/beta IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) and gamma IFN (IFN-gamma) by blocking the phosphorylation of STAT1 and its translocation to the nucleus. In addition, the phosphorylation of STAT2 and its translocation to the nucleus were also blocked by KUN, NY99, and their replicons in response to treatment with IFN-alpha. IFN-alpha signaling and STAT2 translocation to the nucleus was inhibited when the KUN nonstructural proteins NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, and NS4B, but not NS1 and NS5, were expressed individually from the pcDNA3 vector. The results clearly demonstrate that both NY99 and KUN inhibit IFN signaling by preventing STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation and identify nonstructural proteins responsible for this inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Research Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
authors.forename: Wen Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiang Ju
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Vladislav V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Mokhonov
authors.forename: Pei-Yong
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Khromykh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050795:STAT2 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D014709:Vero Cells; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014902:West Nile virus / Q000145:classification / Q000472:pathogenicity*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; D050795:STAT2 Transcription Factor; C494084:STAT2 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; D007372:Interferons