title: [Application of percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration and testicular sperm extraction to the diagnosis and treatment of azoospermia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in the diagnosis and treatment of azoospermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 385 azoospermia patients using the techniques of PESA and TESE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the total number of the azoospermia patients, 64 (16.62%) had sperm in the epididymis and 45 (11.69%) in the testis. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was applied to 64 of the patients with sperm in the epididymis or testis. The pregnancy rate after the embryo transfer was 39.07%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PESA and TESE, as an effective therapy for azoospermia, can further the classification of azoospermia and provide chances of procreation to azoospermia patients with partial obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China. zhuweidong009@sina.com
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhipeng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yutian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Meiyan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Haixiang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053713:Azoospermia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D004822:Epididymis / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000379:methods*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology; D016896:Treatment Outcome