title: Fiber-type differences in masseter muscle associated with different facial morphologies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influence of muscle forces and associated physiologic behaviors on dental and skeletal development is well recognized but difficult to quantify because of the limited understanding of the interrelationships between physiologic and other mechanisms during growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The purpose of this study was to characterize fiber-type composition of masseter muscle in 44 subjects during surgical correction of malocclusion. Four fiber types were identified after immunostaining of biopsy sections with myosin heavy chain-specific antibodies, and the average fiber diameter and percentage of muscle occupancy of the fiber types were determined in each of 6 subject groups (Class II or Class III and open bite, normal bite, or deepbite). A 2 x 3 x 4 analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences between mean areas for fiber types, vertical relationships, and sagittal relationships.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in percentage of occupancy of fiber types in masseter muscle in bite groups with different vertical dimensions. Type I fiber occupancy increased in open bites, and conversely, type II fiber occupancy increased in deepbites. The association between sagittal jaw relationships and mean fiber area was less strong, but, in the Class III group, the average fiber area was significantly different between the open bite, normal bite, and deepbite subjects. In the Class III subjects, type I and I/II hybrid fiber areas were greatly increased in subjects with deepbite.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the variation between subjects in fiber areas and fiber numbers, larger subject populations will be needed to demonstrate more significant associations between sagittal relationships and muscle composition. However, the robust influence of jaw-closing muscles on vertical dimension allowed us to conclude that vertical bite characteristics vary according to the fiber type composition of masseter muscle.
authors.affiliation: Applied Biomedical Research Group, Guy's, King's and St. Thomas' School of Biomedical Sciences, Kings College, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Anthea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rowlerson
authors.forename: Gwénaël
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raoul
authors.forename: Yousif
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Close
authors.forename: Claude-Alain
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Maurage
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sciote
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001732:Bite Force; D002508:Cephalometry; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology*; D014716:Vertical Dimension