title: Nefopam or clonidine in the pharmacologic prevention of shivering in patients undergoing conscious sedation for interventional neuroradiology.
abstract: The aim of this randomised, double-blind study was to investigate the usefulness of intravenous nefopam, clonidine or placebo in preventing shivering in patients undergoing conscious sedation for interventional neuroradiological procedures. A total of 101 patients were prospectively enrolled and assigned to one of three groups to receive nefopam, clonidine or placebo. The overall incidence of intra-operative shivering was significantly lower in patients treated with nefopam than in those treated with clonidine or placebo (2/32 (6%) vs. 11/38 (29%), p < 0.02; 2/32 (6%) vs. 24/31 (77%), p < 0.0001, respectively). The number of patients who required ephedrine infusions to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 100 mm Hg was higher in the clonidine group than in the nefopam and placebo groups (18/38 (47%) vs. 5/32 (17%), p < 0.05; 18/38 (47%) vs. 6/31 (19%), p < 0.05, respectively). We found that both nefopam and clonidine significantly lowered the rate and severity of shivering during interventional neuroradiological procedures. Fewer patients in the nefopam group than in the other two groups required vasoactive drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy. bilotta@tiscali.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bilotta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giovannini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rosa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009340:Nefopam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009485:Neuroradiography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015642:Radiology, Interventional; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012768:Shivering / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D009340:Nefopam; D004809:Ephedrine; D003000:Clonidine