title: Recent developments in local anesthesia and oral sedation.
abstract: This article reviews 3 recent developments in anxiety and pain control with significant potential for altering dental practice. First is the introduction of articaine hydrochloride as an injectable local anesthetic. Although articaine is an amide, its unique structure allows the drug to be quickly metabolized, reducing toxicity associated with repeated injections over time. The second development is the formulation of a lidocaine and prilocaine dental gel for topical anesthesia of the periodontal pocket. This product may significantly reduce the need for anesthetic injections during scaling and root planing. Finally, the use of triazolam as an oral sedative/anxiolytic is reviewed. The recent administration of triazolam in multiple doses has extended the availability of anxiety control to many dental patients, but unknowns about the safety of the technique as practiced by some dentists remains a concern.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Yagiela
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002355:Carticaine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014229:Triazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005782:Gels; D011318:Prilocaine; D014229:Triazolam; D008012:Lidocaine; D002355:Carticaine