title: Safety and immunogenicity of adenovirus-vectored nasal and epicutaneous influenza vaccines in humans.
abstract: The increasing number and density of the human population, the emergence of lethal influenza strains, and the potential use of designer influenza virus as a bioweapon, collectively highlight a critical need for more rapid production of influenza vaccines and less invasive means of delivery. We have developed a nonreplicative adenovirus-vectored influenza vaccine that can be produced without the prerequisite of growing influenza virus. This new class of vaccines can be administered as a nasal spray or skin patch by personnel without medical training. We report here that adenovirus-vectored nasal and epicutaneous influenza vaccines were well tolerated by human volunteers. The nasal vaccine was more potent than its epicutaneous counterpart under the adjuvant-free experimental condition. These results provide the foundation for further human testing of needleless vectored vaccines as promising alternatives to current vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Vaxin Inc., VH-501, 1670 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Kent R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Van Kampen
authors.forename: Zhongkai
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K Wade
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Dung-Tsa
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Elmets
authors.forename: De-chu C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D002460:Cell Line; D004890:Erythema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines