title: Reduced severe hypoglycemia with insulin glargine in intensively treated adults with type 1 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The goal of new therapies introduced for type 1 diabetes should be to decrease hypoglycemic episodes while improving glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  A database was used to computer match the baseline A1C values in 196 subjects with type 1 diabetes receiving multiple daily injections (MDI) consisting of four or more injections per day. There were 98 patients transferred from NPH to insulin glargine (Lantus, Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ), and 98 patients remained on NPH throughout the study. The gender distribution and mean age (approximately 32 years), duration of diabetes (approximately 16 years), and duration of treatment (approximately 13 months) were not significantly different between the groups. The majority of patients were well controlled (>50% in both groups had an A1C <7%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean A1c values were not significantly different in the groups at baseline or at follow-up. Severe hypoglycemic episodes per patient per year were significantly lower in the glargine group compared with the NPH group (0.5 vs. 1.2, respectively; P = 0.04). The mean end-of-study total (P = 0.03) and long-acting (P = 0.0001) doses were significantly reduced from baseline in the group that switched to glargine, but not in the group that remained on NPH, with no change in the short-acting dose in either group. The weight gain was significantly higher in the NPH group at the end of the study (P = 0.004) with no significant change in the glargine group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transfer to glargine treatment from NPH in MDI regimens significantly reduces severe hypoglycemic episodes despite a decline in long-acting basal insulin without significant weight gain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. satish.garg@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Satish K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Garg
authors.forename: Jenna M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Jennifer I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Karsten
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Menditto
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000069036:Insulin Glargine; D007336:Insulin, Isophane; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting