title: Cholangiocarcinoma in association with Thorotrast exposure.
abstract: Thorotrast is a colloidal suspension of thorium dioxide that was used as an intravascular contrast agent until the 1950's. It is retained by the reticuloendothelial system, and because it emits densely ionizing radioactivity thorium dioxide it is carcinogenic. Two patients with prior thorium dioxide exposure diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma and recently treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital are presented. Radiology, treatment, pathologic findings, and relevant literature are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Andrew X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Gregory Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Lauwers
authors.forename: Kenneth K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tanabe
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D013911:Thorium Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D013911:Thorium Dioxide