title: Factors influencing the results of surgery for hypospadias: experience at NICH.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the factors that may influence the results of surgery after hypospadias repair at National Institute of Child Health, Karachi.
  
  
  METHODS
  It was a retrospective observational study. Files of all patients who had Hypospadias repair were retrieved and analysed with a view to identify the factors which may influence the results of surgery for Hypospadias. Patients with complete record available were included in the study, whereas those with incomplete data were excluded. For most patients who had penile or distal hypospadias TIP (Tubularised Incised Plate) urethroplasty was performed. Patients with severe chordee had Duckett Island flap urethroplasty as a two stage procedure. Patients having moderate chordee were subjected to the Mustardee Procedure. Some underwent MAGPI and Mathieu's repairs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred four patients were operated. Files of only 46 patients with a mean age of 4 years could be retrieved and these were included in the study. Twenty five patients had TIP urethroplasty, 5 had island flap urethroplasty, 2 had Mustardee repair, 6 had MAGPI, 5 had Mathew's repair and 3 had Byers Staged Urethroplasty. Over all incidence of fistula formation was 26%. The frequency of fistula formation was less with TIP urethroplasty (16%) compared to those who received no dartos pedicle flap. Mathieu's repair gave good results with 20% incidence of fistula formation. Highest numbers of complications (60%) were seen in patients who had Island flap urethroplasty for proximal hypospadias with chordee.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIP urethroplasty is a safe and reliable method of hypospadias repair. The results of surgery can however be improved by using dartos pedicle flap to protect the repair, meticulous surgical techniques, use of monofilamentous absorbable suture material and soft waterproof dressing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, National Institute of Child Health, Karachi.
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Jan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mirza
authors.lastname: Yaqoot
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arian
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery