title: Utilization and outcomes of neonatal cardiac extracorporeal life support: 1996-2000.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extracorporeal life support for neonatal respiratory failure has decreased, but utilization and outcome of cardiac extracorporeal life support are not well characterized. Among neonates born 1996-2000, our objects were to evaluate changes in utilization and outcome of cardiac extracorporeal life support and characterize correlates of survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensive care units participating in the ELSO registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients placed on extracorporeal life support for center-specified "cardiac support" at </=30 days of age from 1996 to 2000. Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome were also analyzed separately.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patient characteristics and correlates of survival to discharge or transfer were analyzed by chi-square, Student's t-test, and logistic regression analysis. Neonates placed on cardiac extracorporeal life support increased from 112 in 1996 to 200 in 2000 (total n = 740). Overall survival was 34.2%: 28% for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and 35.4% for nonhypoplastic left heart syndrome. For the overall group, no significant correlations were found between survival and year on extracorporeal life support, multiple runs, or diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Diagnoses of transposition of the great arteries (p = .03) or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (p = .004) and extracorporeal life support at <3 days (p = .003) were associated with higher survival. Survivors had fewer mean extracorporeal life support hours (125.5 +/- 121.4 vs. 159.0 +/- 127.6, p = .0006). Logistic regression confirmed significant bivariate findings. A total of 118 hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients were reported from 1996 to 2000. Extracorporeal life support at >15 days was associated with improved survival among hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients (p = .03), and survivors had fewer mean extracorporeal life support hours (89.3 +/- 52.3 vs. 147.5 +/- 129.7, p = .015). Logistic regression showed that only greater number of hours on extracorporeal life support was independently associated with nonsurvival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonatal cardiac extracorporeal life support use increased substantially from 1996 to 2000, with survival to discharge or transfer in more than one third of patients. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome was not associated with nonsurvival. Fewer hours on extracorporeal life support, diagnoses of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate and transposition of the great arteries, and extracorporeal life support at <3 days were associated with survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. srhintz@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hintz
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Benitz
authors.forename: Christopher E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Colby
authors.forename: Arlene M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rycus
authors.forename: Krisa P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Van Meurs
mesh_terms: D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008020:Life Support Care / Q000379:methods*; D010547:Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D012042:Registries; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014188:Transposition of Great Vessels / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome