title: Value of ultrasonography in acute renal failure: analysis of qualitative features in patients with nephropathia epidemica.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of renal ultrasonography (US) and the frequency of qualitative pathology in patients with nephropathia epidemica (NE) and to determine whether these features are related to the clinical course of NE.
  
  
  METHODS
  Renal US was undertaken in 23 hospital-treated NE cases during the acute phase of the disease (first study). A second US study was performed 3-6 months later. Captured US images were used in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From acute to control phase the overall rating of kidney status improved in 20 patients, parenchymal swelling decreased and corticomedullary border differentiation improved in 21, echogenicity decreased in 18, and patchy pattern in parenchymal echo-texture decreased in 15. The severity of findings in US evinced some association with fluid volume overload, high blood pressure level and blood leukocyte count, and severe clinical renal insufficiency. The degree of parenchymal swelling had more statistically significant associations with clinical course than other US features.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Qualitative US features are as sensitive as quantitative US parameters in assessment of NE patients' clinical course and recovery, assuming that a comparative study is available. US using only qualitative features is fairly limited in evaluating NE patients' clinical situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. antti.paakkala@sphp.fi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paakkala
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kallio
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huhtala
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Apuli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Paakkala
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mustonen
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006480:Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography