title: Rheumatoid arthritis complicated with acute interstitial pneumonia induced by leflunomide as an adverse reaction.
abstract: A 49-year-old Japanese man with rheumatoid arthritis acutely developed a skin eruption and severe non-productive cough seventeen days after the administration of leflunomide. Because all bacteriology findings were negative, steroid pulse-therapy was initiated promptly due to the rapidity of chest X-ray progression and the deterioration of arterial blood oxygen pressure. Although cough was induced by methotrexate, interstitial pneumonia was not detected clinically before leflunomide administration. He finally died of respiratory failure 128 days after the onset of acute interstitial pneumonia. According to the post-market surveillance, as high as approximately 1.1% of the patients on,leflunomide have developed interstitial pneumonia in Japan. It is important to emphasize that acute interstitial pneumonia due to leflunomide is a very severe and potentially fatal side effect.
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamata
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nara
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamimura
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haneda
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Masuyama
authors.forename: Hitoaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minota
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000077339:Leflunomide; D017563:Lung Diseases, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D007555:Isoxazoles; D000077339:Leflunomide