title: [An exploratory study on mechanism of PPARalpha activators-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in HepG-2 cells].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha activators on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in HepG-2 cells and the mechanism possibly involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  Linoleic acid and fenofibrate were used in the treatment of HepG-2 cell culture. PAI-1 activity and mRNA expression were determined with colorimetric assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Using gene recombination techniques, two types of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene plasmid containing different deletions in PAI-1 promoter were constructed and transiently transfected into HepG-2 cells, respectively. Linoleic acid and fenofibrate were added to induce the transfected cells. CAT activity was measured to demonstrate the transcriptional activity of PAI-1 gene in HepG-2 cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mRNA expression and protein activity of PAI-1 was significantly induced by linoleic acid, but was obviously suppressed by fenofibrate. In the HepG-2 cells transfected with PAI-pCAT promoter constructs the PAI-1 transcription activity was significantly induced by linoleic acid, but suppressed by fenofibrate. The level of PAI-1 transcription was also significantly increased when co-transfected with PAI-pCAT promoter construct and PPAR alpha-pSG5 expression plasmid to HepG-2 cells. Furthermore, in the condition of transfection with NF-kappaB-response element-deletion-pCAT construct, both linoleic acid and fenofibrate increased the PAI-1 transcriptional activity, whereas in those cells transfected with VLDL/fatty acid response element-deletion-pCAT construct, fenofibrate significantly reduced PAI-1 transcriptional activity, but no change in PAI-1 transcription activity was found with linoleic acid stimulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Linoleic acid induces PAI-1 activity and mRNA expression in HepG-2 cells. PPAR alpha may be one of transcription factors playing a role in the upregulation of PAI-1 gene expression. The inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway may be involved in the downregulation of PAI-1 gene expression by fenofibrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geriatric Cardiology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China. yeping@sina.com.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Yan-li
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yong-xue
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015536:Down-Regulation; D011345:Fenofibrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists* / Q000502:physiology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014162:Transfection; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D047493:PPAR alpha; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D011345:Fenofibrate