title: Baicalein, a component of Scutellaria radix from Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), leads to suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human myeloma cells.
abstract: In the search for a more effective adjuvant therapy to treat multiple myeloma (MM), we investigated the effects of the traditional Chinese herbal medicines Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang (HLJDT), Gui-Zhi-Fu-Ling-Wan (GZFLW), and Huang-Lian-Tang (HLT) on the proliferation and apoptosis of myeloma cells. HLJDT inhibited the proliferation of myeloma cell lines and the survival of primary myeloma cells, especially MPC-1- immature myeloma cells, and induced apoptosis in myeloma cell lines via a mitochondria-mediated pathway by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential and activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. Further experiments confirmed that Scutellaria radix was responsible for the suppressive effect of HLJDT on myeloma cell proliferation, and the baicalein in Scutellaria radix showed strong growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in comparison with baicalin or wogonin. Baicalein as well as baicalin suppressed the survival in vitro of MPC-1- immature myeloma cells rather than MPC-1+ myeloma cells from myeloma patients. Baicalein inhibited the phosphorylation of IkB-alpha, which was followed by decreased expression of the IL-6 and XIAP genes and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Therefore, HLJDT and Scutellaria radix have an antiproliferative effect on myeloma cells, especially MPC-1- immature myeloma cells, and baicalein may be responsible for the suppressive effect of Scutellaria radix by blocking IkB-alpha degradation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bio-Signal Analysis, AMES, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Zi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuyama
authors.forename: Shangqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abroun
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuyama
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Fu-Jun
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Michio M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kawano
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D031363:Scutellaria
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D044950:Flavanones; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; C045607:huang-lien-chieh-tu-tang; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; C006680:baicalein