title: Cyclooxygenase-2 overexpression is related to polypoid growth and K-ras gene mutation in T1 colorectal carcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cyclooxygenase-2 is thought to play a role in the development of intestinal tumors and levels are elevated in approximately 80 to 90 percent of human colorectal carcinomas. To clarify the role that cyclooxygenase-2 plays in the development of colorectal carcinoma, we studied the relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 expression and tumor morphology and that between cyclooxygenase-2 expression and K-ras mutation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We classified 48 T1 colorectal carcinomas as polypoid or nonpolypoid and analyzed the clinicopathologic features. The expression of cyclooxygenase-2 was determined immunohistochemically, and nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism detected a K-ras codon 12 mutation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cyclooxygenase-2 expression was higher in polypoid carcinomas than in nonpolypoid carcinomas (P < 0.001). The K-ras codon 12 mutation was associated with higher levels of cyclooxygenase-2 expression compared with carcinomas without this mutation (P = 0.028).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Polypoid growth and K-ras gene mutation are both associated with increased levels of cyclooxygenase-2 expression in T1 tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Digestive Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okawa
authors.forename: Keigo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uetake
authors.forename: Takanobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugihara
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018256:Adenomatous Polyps / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003062:Codon; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases