title: Insulin secretion by bioactive anthocyanins and anthocyanidins present in fruits.
abstract: Anthocyanins are responsible for a variety of bright colors including red, blue, and purple in fruits, vegetables, and flowers and are consumed as dietary polyphenols. Anthocyanin-containing fruits are implicated in a decrease in coronary heart disease and are used in antidiabetic preparations. In the present study, we have determined the ability of anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside (1), delphinidin-3-glucoside (2), cyanidin-3-galactoside (3), and pelargonidin-3-galactoside (4), and anthocyanidins, cyanidin (5), delphinidin (6), pelargonidin (7), malvidin (8), and petunidin (9), to stimulate insulin secretion from rodent pancreatic beta-cells (INS-1 832/13) in vitro. The compounds were tested in the presence of 4 and 10 mM glucose concentrations. Our results indicated that 1 and 2 were the most effective insulin secretagogues among the anthocyanins and anthocyanidins tested at 4 and 10 mM glucose concentrations. Pelargonidin-3-galactoside is one of the major anthocyanins, and its aglycone, pelargonidin, caused a 1.4-fold increase in insulin secretion at 4 mM glucose concentration. The rest of the anthocyanins and anthocyanidins tested in our assay had only marginal effects on insulin at 4 and 10 mM glucose concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Bolleddula
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jayaprakasam
authors.forename: Shaiju K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Vareed
authors.forename: L Karl
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Muraleedharan G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Nair
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D007328:Insulin