title: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 induces hypophosphorylation of Rb protein and repression of E2F in androgen-treated LNCaP human prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a multifunctional member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, superfamily, has powerful osteoinductive effects and causes cell cycle arrest in a variety of transformed cell lines. We have observed BMP-2-induced inhibition of cell proliferation in an androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). To investigate the mechanism of inhibition of androgen-dependent growth by BMP-2, we examined the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and/or BMP-2 on cell cycle-related proteins in LNCaP cells. BMP-2 decreased the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein induced by treatment with DHT. DHT-induced expression of cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) protein was also inhibited by co-treatment with BMP-2. Furthermore, BMP-2 induced expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1), a CDK inhibitor. These results indicate that changes in expression of these proteins lead to modulation of the phosphorylation state of Rb. DHT-induced E2F-1 protein and mRNA expressions was also inhibited by BMP-2, suggesting that BMP-2 inhibits DHT-induced growth of LNCaP cells through a decrease in E2F protein expression and suppression of E2F activity by hypophosphorylation of Rb.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene-chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomari
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019925:Cyclin A; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D012313:RNA; D005840:Gentian Violet