title: Loss of HOXC6 expression induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
abstract: We have performed whole genome expression profiling of 28 patient prostate tumor samples and 12 normal prostate samples and identified 55 upregulated and 60 downregulated genes significantly changed in prostate tumor samples compared to normal prostate tissues. Among the members of the upregulated gene set was the developmental transcription factor Homeobox C6 (HOXC6). Silencing of HOXC6 expression using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in decreased proliferation rates for both androgen-dependent LnCaP cells and the LnCaP-derived androgen-independent C4-2 cell line. Flow cytometry and immunoblotting for the caspase-cleaved form of poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) determined that the decrease in cell numbers was due to increased apoptosis. To validate the specificity of the siRNA-induced apoptosis, LnCaP cells were cotransfected with siRNA specific to the HOXC6 3'UTR and a mammalian expression vector containing the HOXC6 open reading frame, but lacking the 3'UTR. Overexpression of HOXC6 rescued the LnCaP cells from HOXC6 siRNA-induced apoptosis, and increased growth of control GFP siRNA-transfected cells. Expression profiling of HOXC6 siRNA transfections and HOXC6 overexpression identified neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) as potential proapoptotic repression targets of HOXC6. Our data suggest that HOXC6 may be a novel potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Sumathi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandran
authors.forename: Pengbo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Qiqin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yin-Goen
authors.forename: So Dug
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Noelani
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Laycock
authors.forename: Mahul B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Amin
authors.forename: Jeffrey K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: Fray F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Petros
authors.forename: Carlos S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D015260:Neprilysin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C094289:HOXC6 protein, human; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D015260:Neprilysin