title: Increased expression of angiogenic markers in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased vascularity due to neo-angiogenesis is an essential part of airway remodelling. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD34 and von Willebrand's factor (FvW) are known angiogenic markers. Angiogenesis and airway remodelling has been documented in asthma but not in allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to investigate the presence of increased angiogenesis and its relation to angiogenic molecules, namely VEGF, CD34 and FvW, in endothelial cells of nasal mucosa in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR), using three different immunohistochemical analysis methods, namely HSCORE, microvessel density (MVD) and vascular surface density (VSD). The findings in allergic rhinitis were compared with the findings in nasal septal deviation (NSD), which is not associated with increased angiogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with symptomatic SAR, who were not under treatment, were enrolled in the study. Ten patients with NSD, who needed surgical therapy, served as the control group. Demographic characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Inferior turbinate biopsy was obtained from SAR patients and control patients, under local anaesthesia and during surgery respectively. All biopsies were evaluated for angiogenesis on the basis of VEGF, CD34 and FvW by two blinded histologists using three immunohistochemical analysis methods (HSCORE, MVD and VSD).Results. HSCORE, estimated on the basis of each staining technique, showed statistically significant differences among the two groups (p=0.002; p=0.045; p=0.016, respectively). Anti-CD34 and anti-VEGF showed higher MVD values in SAR when compared to the controls (p=0.038; p=0,009, respectively). No statistically significant difference was found in Anti-FvW-based MVD between SAR patients and controls (p=0.071). The measurements of VSD for FvW and VEGF from nasal biopsy specimens displayed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.004; p=0.0001, respectively). However, measurement of VSD for CD-34 was not significantly different between the groups (p=0.086). On the other hand, morphometric data obtained by all three methods did not correlated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are a few studies that have investigated the essential role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. We conclude that, increased angiogenesis may be as prominent in patients with allergic rhinitis as in patients with non-allergic nasal pathologies and may play an important role in the remodelling of nasal mucosa of subjects with SAR.
authors.affiliation: Celal Bayar University, Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology, Manisa, Turkey. ckirmaz@mynet.com
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kirmaz
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozbilgin
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuksel
authors.forename: Papatya
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bayrak
authors.forename: Halis
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Unlu
authors.forename: Gulsen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giray
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kiliccioglu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000097:blood*; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; D015415:Biomarkers; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D014841:von Willebrand Factor