title: Length of stay and mortality in neurocritically ill patients: impact of a specialized neurocritical care team.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine predictors of in-hospital and long-term mortality and length of stay in patients admitted to the neurosciences critical care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neurosciences critical care unit of a large academic tertiary care hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients (n = 2381) admitted to our neurosciences critical care unit from January 1997 to April 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Introduction of a specialized neurocritical care team.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data obtained from the database included demographics, admission source, length of stay, neurosciences critical care unit and hospital disposition, admission Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III score, and principal and secondary diagnoses. The introduction of a neurocritical care team in September 1998 was also collected, as was death at 1 yr after admission. Univariate analysis was carried out using Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, or chi-square test (significance, p < .05). A logistic regression model was used to create a prediction model for in-hospital and long-term mortality. A general linear model was used to determine predictors of length of stay (after log transformation). Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality included APACHE III (odds ratio, 1.07 [1.06-1.08]) and admission from another intensive care unit (odds ratio, 2.9 [1.4-6.2]). The presence of a neurocritical care team was an independent predictor of decreased mortality (odds ratio, 0.7 [0.5-1.0], p = .044). Admission after the neurocritical care team was implemented was associated with reduced length of stay in both the neurosciences critical care unit (4.2 +/- 4.0 vs. 3.7 +/- 3.4, p < .001) and the hospital (9.9 +/- 8.0 vs. 8.4 +/- 6.9, p < .0001). There was no difference in readmission rates to the intensive care unit or discharge disposition to home before and after the neurocritical care team was established. The availability of the neurocritical care team was not associated with significant changes in long-term mortality. Factors independently associated with long-term mortality included female gender, admission from another intensive care unit, APACHE III score, and being moderately disabled before admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Introduction of a neurocritical care team, including a full-time neurointensivist who coordinated care, was associated with significantly reduced in-hospital mortality and length of stay without changes in readmission rates or long-term mortality.
authors.affiliation: Neurosciences Critical Care, the Department of Neurology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jose I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Osama O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Zaidat
authors.forename: Muhammad F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Suri
authors.forename: Eliahu S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Feen
authors.forename: Gwendolyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Georgiadis
authors.forename: Warren R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Selman
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016638:Critical Illness / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016014:Linear Models; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009462:Neurology / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009493:Neurosurgery / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration*; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors