title: The pregnane X receptor regulates gene expression in a ligand- and promoter-selective fashion.
abstract: Recent studies have revealed that pregnane X receptor (PXR) can function as a master regulator to control the expression of phase I and phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes, as well as members of the drug transporter family, including multiple drug resistance (MDR) 1, which has a major role in multidrug resistance. Previously, we have demonstrated that steroid/xenobiotics metabolism by tumor tissue through the PXR-cytochrome P-450 3A (CYP3A) pathway might play an important role in endometrial cancer. In this study, we examined which endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and anticancer agents might be ligands for PXR and whether these chemicals enhanced PXR-mediated transcription through two different PXR-responsive elements (PXREs), CYP3A4 and MDR1, in endometrial cancer cell lines. Some steroids/EDCs strongly activated PXR-mediated transcription through the CYP3A4-responsive element compared with the MDR1-responsive element, whereas these steroids/EDCs also enhanced the CYP3A4 expression compared with the MDR1 expression. In contrast, the anticancer agents, cisplatin and paclitaxel, strongly activated PXR-mediated transcription through the MDR1-responsive element compared with the CYP3A4-responsive element, whereas these drugs also enhanced the MDR1 expression compared with the CYP3A4 expression. We also analyzed how these ligands regulated PXR-mediated transcription through two different PXREs. In the presence of PXR ligands, there was no difference in the DNA binding affinity of the PXR/retinoid X receptor heterodimer to each PXRE, but there were different interactions of the coactivator to each PXR/PXRE complex. These data suggested that PXR ligands enhanced PXR-mediated transcription in a ligand- and promoter-dependent fashion, which in turn differentially regulated the expression of individual PXR targets, especially CYP3A4 and MDR1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. masuyama@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masuyama
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suwaki
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakatsukasa
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D056913:Mediator Complex Subunit 1; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D056921:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D008024:Ligands; C538855:MED1 protein, human; D056913:Mediator Complex Subunit 1; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C538859:NCOA1 protein, human; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D056921:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3