title: Effects of major dietary antioxidants on inflammatory markers of RAW 264.7 macrophages.
abstract: Oxidative stresses are involved in the process of chronic inflammatory diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory activity of major dietary antioxidants. Murine RAW264.7 macrophages (4 x 10(6) cells) were incubated in DMEM containing 10% FBS supplemented with 5 to 20 microM of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene or quercetin for 24 hrs, and then treated with LPS for 16 hrs. The medium was collected to measure TNF-alpha, IL-6, PGE2 and nitrite. Expressions of cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) were determined using the harvested cells. Results indicate that TNF-alpha and IL-6 accumulations were significantly reduced by 5 to 20 microM quercetin treatment, and 20 microM of alpha-tocopherol treatment. Nitrite release was significantly reduced by 5 microM quercetin treatment. However, PGE2 accumulation was not affected by any of the antioxidants used. Expressions of COX-2 and iNOS were effectively reduced by 5 microM quercetin treatment. These findings indicate that dietary antioxidants possess significant anti-inflammatory activities, and quercetin is the most potent antioxidant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, 53-12 Chungpa-dong 2-ka, Yongsan-ku , Seoul, 140-742 Korea.
authors.forename: Won-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Mi-Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Sung
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004032:Diet; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011794:Quercetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019207:beta Carotene; D011794:Quercetin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D024505:Tocopherols