title: Notch signaling represses myocardin-induced smooth muscle cell differentiation.
abstract: Notch signaling is essential for vascular patterning and response of the vasculature to injury and growth factor stimulation. Despite these findings, the molecular basis of Notch signaling in the vasculature is poorly understood. Here we report that activation of Notch signaling mediated through members of the HRT family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors represses smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and expression of genes encoding smooth muscle cell contractile markers. Activation of Notch receptors by Jagged1 or forced expression of the constitutively active Notch1 intracellular domain in C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts inhibited myocardin-dependent transcription of SMC-restricted genes and activity of multiple SMC-restricted transcriptional regulatory elements. Consistent with these findings, forced expression of HRT2 inhibited myocardin-induced expression of SMC-restricted genes and activity of SMC-restricted transcriptional regulatory elements. Moreover, forced expression of HRT2 repressed transcription of multiple SMC-restricted transcriptional regulatory elements in A10 SMCs. The repressive function of HRT2 was not mediated via the capacity of HRT2 to bind SMC CArG elements or by disruption of myocardin-SRF protein complexes. Structure-function analyses of HRT2 indicated that repression required the basic DNA binding domain and additional C-terminal sequence. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Notch signaling represses myocardin-dependent SMC transcription. These data are consistent with a model wherein Notch signaling represses SMC differentiation and maintenance of the contractile SMC phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Proweller
authors.forename: Warren S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Pear
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Parmacek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051379:Mice; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000099251:Myocardin
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D051881:Receptor, Notch1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099251:Myocardin; C497762:Notch1 protein, mouse; C497763:Notch1 protein, rat