title: A prospective study of hyperprolactinemia in children and adolescents treated with atypical antipsychotic agents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few studies have prospectively compared the change of prolactin levels in children and adolescents associated with the use of atypical antipsychotic agents. In our study, we present preliminary data of an ongoing study, which compares changes in prolactin levels in children and adolescents after treatment to risperidone versus olanzapine versus quetiapine. We hypothesized: (1) risperidone would be associated with hyperprolactinemia most frequently, and (2) postpubertal females may be at higher risk of prolactin elevation and associated adverse effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prolactin levels were obtained at baseline and after a mean of 11.2 weeks (SD = 2.2; range, 4-15 weeks) from 40 subjects (mean age, 13.4 years; SD = 3.4; range, 5-18 years) who were started on risperidone (n = 21), olanzapine (n = 13), or quetiapine (n = 6). End-point prolactin levels were compared using a Kruskal-Wallis test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  End-point prolactin levels were significantly higher with risperidone, compared to olanzapine (p = 0.027) or quetiapine (p = 0.008). With the Bonferroni correction, the latter remains significant. Twenty-five percent of our subjects experienced sexual side effects at end point, independent of prolactin levels and antipsychotic agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Risperidone significantly increased prolactin levels in children and adolescents. The duration of this prolactin elevation, and its long-term effects in children and adolescents, are unknown.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA. esaito@lij.edu
authors.forename: Ema
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Christoph U
authors.initials: CU
authors.lastname: Correll
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gallelli
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McMeniman
authors.forename: Umesh H
authors.initials: UH
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Malhotra
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kafantaris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006966:Hyperprolactinemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011388:Prolactin