title: Effects of hypervitaminosis of vitamin B3 on silkworm biology.
abstract: A high-dose of vitamin B(3) in silkworm diet interrupts larval feeding and normal growth. High mortality of larvae occurs during molting and they cannot complete this process normally. Also the larvae exhibit nicotinamide hypervitaminosis symptoms such as immobility, dyspepsia, darkening of the skin, inability to excrete normally, exerting brownish fluid from anus and swelling of rectal muscles. Maximum larval weights in 1, 2 and 3 g/l treatments were 2.9, 1.6 and 1.2 g respectively, while maximum larval weight in the control was 5.6 g. Larval stage compared to control had increased 18, 26 and 31 days respectively. The concentration increase of uric acid in haemolymph demonstrates the hyperuricemia, while other measured biochemical compounds show significant decrease; sodium and potassium did not change significantly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sericulture, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Somehe Sara, Iran. etebari@guilan.ac.ir
authors.forename: Kayvan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Etebari
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matindoost
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D012831:Bombyx / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000187:drug effects; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D031625:Morus / Q000378:metabolism; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D009536:Niacinamide; D010758:Phosphorus; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium