title: Primary writing tremor: motor cortex reorganisation and disinhibition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary writing tremor (PWT) is a task-specific tremor of uncertain origin. There has been debate as to whether PWT represents a variant of essential tremor or a tremulous form of focal dystonia related to writer's cramp. In writer's cramp there is evidence of changes in intracortical inhibition (ICI), as well as cortical motor reorganisation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study corticomotor organisation and short-latency ICI in a patient with typical task-specific PWT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transcranial magnetic stimulation mapping of the corticomotor representation of the hand and studies of ICI using paired-pulse stimulation were performed in a 47-year-old right-handed woman with a pure task-specific writing tremor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The motor maps for the hand were displaced posteriorly on both sides and reverted to a normal position after treatment with botulinum toxin. Short-latency ICI was reduced for the dominant hand.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate reorganisation and disinhibition of the corticomotor projection to the hand and point to the participation of cortical centres in the origin of PWT.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Byrnes
authors.forename: Frank L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Mastaglia
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Sarah-Anne R
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Thickbroom
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004569:Electroencephalography; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation; D014202:Tremor / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A