Determination of electrocardiographic parameters in healthy llamas and alpacas.
OBJECTIVE
To determine electrocardiographic parameters in healthy llamas and alpacas.


METHODS
23 llamas and 12 alpacas.


METHODS
Electrocardiography was performed in nonsedated standing llamas and alpacas by use of multiple simultaneous lead recording (bipolar limb, unipolar augmented limb, and unipolar precordial leads).


RESULTS
Common features of ECGs of llamas and alpacas included low voltage of QRS complexes, variable morphology of QRS complexes among camelids, and mean depolarization vectors (mean electrical axes) that were directed dorsocranially and to the right. Durations of the QT interval and ST segment were negatively correlated with heart rate.


CONCLUSIONS
ECGs of acceptable quality can be consistently recorded in nonsedated standing llamas and alpacas. Features of ECGs in llamas and alpacas are similar to those of other ruminants. Changes in the morphology of the QRS complexes and mean electrical axis are unlikely to be sensitive indicators of ventricular enlargement in llamas and alpacas.
Kraus
Marc S
MS
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Calvert
Clay A
CA
Spier
Alan W
AW
Meurs
Kathryn M
KM
Anderson
David E
DE
D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values