title: Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy under ultrasound guidance for small hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT) can effectively treat hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) smaller than 2 cm. However, for tumors 2 to 3 cm in size, combination of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or multiple insertions of electrodes may be more effective. This study investigated the treatment efficacy of PMCT for tumors 2 to 3 cm in size.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen HCCs smaller than 3 cm in diameter (< 2 cm in 11, and 2-3 cm in 8) in 18 patients (including 14 previously treated patients) were treated by PMCT under ultrasound guidance. One or 2 PMCT electrodes were consecutively inserted either into the left and right portion, or into the distal and proximal portion of the tumor, according to the size, shape, and margin of tumors and puncture direction. Liver function tests and contrast-enhanced computed tomography were used to examine preoperative status and response to PMCT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After an average of 1.6 emissions of PMCT, 18 tumors (95%) were completely ablated. The only case of treatment failure was due to a tumor location which made the approach of the electrode difficult. Bacteremia developed after the procedure in 1 patient (5%) and local inflammatory reaction of the puncture wound in another (5%). During follow-up ranging from 5 to 19 months, no recurrence was noted at the site of the original tumors. Tumor recurrence was detected at another site 2-9 months after PMCT in 9 of the 14 previously treated patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PMCT can effectively and safely treat HCCs smaller than 3 cm in size without combination of TACE or multiple insertions of electrodes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ja-Der
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Pei-Ming
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Guan-Tarn
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Hsuan-Shu
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Chien-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Po-Chin
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Jin-Chuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Ding-Shinn
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D014463:Ultrasonography