title: Advanced glycation endproduct modified basement membrane attenuates endothelin-1 induced [Ca2+]i signalling and contraction in retinal microvascular pericytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) modification of vascular basement membrane (BM) on endothelin-1 (Et-1) induced intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) homeostasis and contraction in retinal microvascular pericytes (RMP).
  
  
  METHODS
  RMPs were isolated from bovine retinal capillaries and propagated on AGE modified BM extract (AGE-BM) or non-modified native BM. Cytosolic Ca2+ was estimated using fura-2 microfluorimetry and cellular contraction determined by measurement of planimetric cell surface area. ETA receptor mRNA and protein expression was assessed by real time RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exogenous endothelin-1 (Et-1) evoked rises in [Ca2+]i and contraction in RMPs were found to be mediated entirely through ETA receptor (ETAR) activation. Both peak and plateau phases of the Et-1 induced [Ca2+]i response and contraction were impaired in RMPs propagated on AGE modified BM. ETAR mRNA expression remained unchanged in RMPs exposed to native or AGE-BM, but protein expression for ETAR (66 kDa) was lower in the AGE exposed cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that substrate derived AGE crosslinks can influence RMP physiology by mechanisms which include disruption of ETA receptor signalling. AGE modification of vascular BMs may contribute to the retinal hemodynamic abnormalities observed during diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Vision Science, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
authors.forename: Sarah-Jane
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: C Norman
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Scholfield
authors.forename: J Graham
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McGeown
authors.forename: Tom A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Stitt
authors.forename: Tim M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Curtis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects*; D002196:Capillaries; D002417:Cattle; D003286:Contracture / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D020286:Pericytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A / Q000235:genetics; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2