title: Impact of PCB mixture (Aroclor 1254) and TBT and a mixture of both on swimming behavior, body growth and enzymatic biotransformation activities (GST) of young carp (Cyprinus carpio).
abstract: The sensitivity of carp to chronical stress due to single and combined mixtures (each 50%) of TBT and PCB was evaluated under laboratory conditions. And concluded, mixed exposures were partially more or less toxic than single ones. Xenobiotic stress led to both decreased mean daily swimming speed and an increased mean swimming speed during darkness. Also a decreased preferred swimming depth (nearer to the surface) during nighttime was observed. We found approximately synergistic effects of TBT and PCB in swimming behavior of carp exposed to those mixtures. PCB did not affect the body growth significantly, TBT-stress led to a decreased body growth and the exposure to PCB-TBT mixture caused an approximately additive decrease of body growth. Measurement of biotransformation potential measured as GST enzyme activity showed both increasing or decreasing activity levels after exposure to single and mixture chemical combinations (approximately additive, antagonistic and synergistic). Nevertheless, we had to conclude that all methods tested were useful to screen subacute effects of single as well as mixed xenobiotic chemicals on carp, which is the prerequisite for an investigation of samples taken from the environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Fish Biology and Ecology, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany. schmidt@igb-berlin.de
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Georg B O
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Staaks
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pflugmacher
authors.forename: Christian E W
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001711:Biotransformation / Q000187:drug effects; D049628:Body Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002347:Carps / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020111:Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine) / Q000633:toxicity*; D005880:Gills / Q000201:enzymology; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D017440:Photoperiod; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014743:Videotape Recording; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D020111:Chlorodiphenyl (54% Chlorine); C011559:tributyltin; D005982:Glutathione Transferase