title: Long-term effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in adults with pre-diabetes: a review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness of weight-loss and weight-control interventions for adults with pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance), an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerized searches were conducted of multiple electronic bibliographic databases up to August 2003. Randomized controlled trials in any language were selected that examined weight-loss or weight-control strategies using at least one dietary, physical activity, or behavioral intervention, and with a follow-up interval of a per thousand yen12 months. Effects were combined using a random effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies were identified, with a total of 5168 participants. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 10 years. Quantitative synthesis was limited by the heterogeneity of populations, settings, and interventions, and by the small number of studies that examined outcomes other than weight. Overall, compared to usual care, four studies with a follow-up of 1 year reduced weight by 2.8 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.0-4.7) (3.3% of baseline body weight) and decreased body mass index by 1.4 kg/m(2) (CI=0.5-2.3). Weight loss at 2 years was 2.7 kg (CI=1.9-3.4) (two studies). Modest improvements were noted in the few studies that examined glycemic control, blood pressure, and lipid concentrations (p >0.05). The incidence of diabetes was significantly lower in the intervention groups versus the controls in three of five studies examining this outcome at 3 to 6 years follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, weight-loss strategies using dietary, physical activity, or behavioral interventions produced significant improvements in weight among persons with pre-diabetes, and a significant decrease in diabetes incidence. Further work is needed on the long-term effects of these interventions on morbidity and mortality and on how to implement these interventions in the community setting.
authors.affiliation: Division of Diabetes Translation, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. snorris@ahrq.gov [corrected]
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Xuanping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avenell
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: Christopher H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D018450:Disease Progression; D015444:Exercise; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000628:therapy; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose