title: First report of VanA Enterococcus gallinarum dissemination within an intensive care unit in Argentina.
abstract: Enterococcusgallinarum is intrinsically resistant to low levels of vancomycin and has been described as a colonizing microorganism causing bacteraemia and infection among immunosupresed patients. Between August 2000 and February 2001, 15 highly glycopeptide-resistant E. gallinarum isolates, one from blood and the remaining from rectal swabs, were recovered in a general hospital of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. All isolates were characterized by biochemical assays, and displayed MICs of vancomycin in the range 16-128 mg/l and MICs of teicoplanin in the range 16-32 mg/l. In all cases, PCR analysis yield positive results for both vanC1 and vanA genes. E. gallinarum isolates were classified as two clonal types by SmaI-PFGE: clone A (n = 8) and clone B (n = 7) and both harboured a transferable vanA element.
authors.affiliation: Servicio Antimicrobianos, Dpto. Bacteriología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas - ANLIS Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Av. Velez Sarsfield 563 (1281), Buenos Aires, Argentina. acorso@anlis.gov.ar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corso
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Faccone
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gagetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Togneri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lopardo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Melano
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rodríguez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galas
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001118:Argentina / Q000453:epidemiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D019729:Carbon-Oxygen Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific / Q000378:metabolism; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011159:Population Surveillance; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; C071437:VanA ligase, Bacteria; D014640:Vancomycin; C025651:CCCGGG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D019729:Carbon-Oxygen Ligases; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C108395:VanC protein, Enterococcus