title: Innate immunity and angiogenesis.
abstract: Activation of an innate immune response is among the first lines of defense after tissue injury. Restoring blood flow to the site of injured tissue is often a necessary prerequisite for mounting an initial immune response to pathogens and for subsequent initiation of a successful repair of wounded tissue. The multiple links among pathogen recognition and suppression, increased angiogenesis, and tissue repair are the topics of this review, which examines of the roles of antimicrobial peptides, mammalian toll-like receptors (TLRs), inflammatory cytokines, and putative "danger" signals, among other signaling pathways, in triggering, sustaining, and then terminating an angiogenic response.
authors.affiliation: Genzyme Corporation, Cambridge, Mass 01701-9322, USA.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frantz
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Feron
authors.forename: Ralph A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000502:physiology; D042501:Angiogenic Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D051381:Rats; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D042501:Angiogenic Proteins; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000241:Adenosine