title: Periodontal repair in dogs: guided tissue regeneration enhances bone formation in sites implanted with a coral-derived calcium carbonate biomaterial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies suggest that a bioresorbable calcium carbonate coral implant (CI) supports space provision and bone formation for guided tissue regeneration (GTR). However, it could not be discerned whether observed effects were because of GTR or whether the CI possessed osteoconductive properties enhancing bone formation. The objective of this study was to evaluate bone formation associated with the CI biomaterial in the presence and absence of provisions for GTR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Routine, critical size, 6 mm, supra-alveolar periodontal defects were created in 12 young adult Beagle dogs. Five animals received the CI alone (Biocoral 1000). Seven animals received the CI/GTR combination using an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier (GORE-TEX Regenerative Material). The animals were euthanized at 4 weeks postsurgery and tissue blocks of the experimental sites were collected and processed for histometric analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical healing was uneventful. The histopathologic and histometric analysis revealed significantly increased bone formation (height and area) in sites receiving the CI/GTR combination compared with CI alone (2.3+/-0.6 versus 1.2+/-0.9 mm; and 3.1+/-0.8 versus 1.2+/-1.1 mm2; p<0.05). The CI biomaterial appeared to be mostly unassociated with new bone formation; the CI particles were observed sequestered in newly formed bone, fibrovascular marrow, and in the supra-alveolar connective tissue. Cementum formation was limited and observed in few sites for both treatment protocols.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While GTR promoted new bone formation, the CI contributed limited, if any, osteoconductive effects.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Applied Periodontal and Craniofacial Regeneration, Department of Periodontology, Temple University School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
authors.forename: Ki-Tae
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Polimeni
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qahash
authors.forename: Chong Kwan
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ulf M E
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Wikesjö
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003739:Dental Cementum / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C434403:calcium carbonate Biocoral; D002119:Calcium Carbonate