title: Ocular reactivation of MCMV after immunosuppression of latently infected BALB/c mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to identify the site(s) of MCMV latency and reactivation in the eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three months after supraciliary inoculation of 5 x 10(2) PFU of MCMV, BALB/c mice underwent immunosuppression with methylprednisolone and antibodies specific for CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and NK cells or with methylprednisolone alone. Control mice were infected but did not receive the immunosuppressants. After 2 or 3 weeks of immunosuppression, the mice were killed. Replicating virus and viral antigen were detected in the injected eyes, peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), and extraocular tissues by plaque assay and by staining for early antigen (EA) and beta-galactosidase (beta-gal), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In latently infected, nonimmunosuppressed control mice, replicating-virus-and viral-antigen-positive cells were not detected in the injected eyes or extraocular tissues. After immunosuppression with methylprednisolone and antibodies, EA and beta-gal were detected, and replicating virus was recovered from the injected eye and from several extraocular sites, including liver, lungs, salivary glands, and kidneys. No virus was recovered from PBLs. beta-Gal- or EA-positive cells were observed in the RPE of most mice, and a few virus-infected cells were also observed in the nuclear layers and ganglion cells. Microscopic changes, including retinal folding and detachment, photoreceptor atrophy, macrophage infiltration, and a few EA-positive cytomegalic cells, were observed in the injected eye of immunosuppressed mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After immunosuppression, MCMV reactivates in the injected eye and extraocular tissues, and RPE cells are the initial site of MCMV ocular reactivation in the eye. The timing of virus recovery from all sites suggests that MCMV observed in the injected eye is from in situ reactivation of virus and not from spread of virus from extraocular sites via infected PBLs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Yanping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Duan
authors.forename: Sally S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Atherton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000869:Anterior Eye Segment / Q000821:virology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015828:Eye Infections, Viral / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012160:Retina / Q000821:virology; D014775:Virus Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D017735:Virus Latency / Q000502:physiology*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008775:Methylprednisolone