title: Family caring strategies in neutropenia.
abstract: Aggressive chemotherapy protocols result in neutropenia in approximately half of all patients receiving chemotherapy. Thus, neutropenia continues to be a significant and potentially life-threatening side effect of treatment, even with use of colony-stimulating factors. Families of patients with neutropenia often provide the primary healing environment because most chemotherapy protocols are managed on an outpatient basis. To learn about the family's experience of managing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN), a grounded-theory methodology was used to analyze data from seven families. The central theme revealed by these families was "turbulent waiting with intensified connections." This meant that when families had a sense of greater vulnerability in response to the waiting after diagnosis of CIN, they connected intensely with each other and healthcare providers. Families reported that connections with nurses became more significant when neutropenia interrupted chemotherapy. Families also developed family caring strategies to manage this period of waiting for the chemotherapy to resume. These strategies included family inquiry, family vigilance, and family balancing. Nurses need to be aware of approaches to support the family's ability to manage CIN. Interventions and approaches constructed from the perspective of a family-professional partnership will enhance the family cancer experience as well as ongoing family growth and function.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Minnesota State University, Mankato, USA. sandra.eggenberger@mnsu.edu
authors.forename: Sandra K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Eggenberger
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krumwiede
authors.forename: Sonja J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Meiers
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bliesmer
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Earle
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001294:Attitude to Health; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D004645:Empathy; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009859:Oncology Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D012423:Rural Health; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors