title: Acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol treatments change synaptosomal brain glutamate uptake and elicit orofacial dyskinesia in rats.
abstract: Reserpine- and haloperidol-induced orofacial dyskinesia are putative animal models of tardive dyskinesia (TD) whose pathophysiology has been related to free radical generation and oxidative stress. In the present study, the authors induced orofacial dyskinesia by acute reserpine and subchronic haloperidol administration to rats. Reserpine injection (one dose of 1 mg/kg s.c.) every other day for 3 days caused a significant increase in vacuous chewing, tongue protrusion and duration of facial twitching, compared to the control. Haloperidol administration (one dose of 12 mg/kg once a week s.c.) for 4 weeks caused an increase in vacuous chewing, tongue protrusion and duration of facial twitching observed in four weekly evaluations. After the treatments and behavioral observation, glutamate uptake by segments of the brain was analyzed. A decreased glutamate uptake was observed in the subcortical parts of animals treated with reserpine and haloperidol, compared to the control. Importantly, a decrease in glutamate uptake correlates negatively with an increase in the incidence of orofacial diskinesia. These results indicate that early changes in glutamate transport may be related to the development of vacuous chewing movements in rats.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bioquimica Toxicologica, 97105-900 Santa Maria RS, Brazil. mariliseeb@yahoo.com.br
authors.forename: Marilise Escobar
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Roselei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fachineto
authors.forename: Audrei
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Callegari
authors.forename: João Batista Teixeira
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rocha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006220:Haloperidol; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012110:Reserpine; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014059:Tongue
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D012110:Reserpine; D006220:Haloperidol