title: Organ distribution and kinetics of Glutathione transferase from African river prawn, Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklots).
abstract: The distribution of glutathione transferase (GST) in the major organs of African river prawn (Macrobrachium vollenhovenii) was studied. All the organs studied had GST activity. The specific activity of the extract from the hepatopancreas was highest while that from the muscle lowest. Purified GST from the hepatopancreas which could conjugate glutathione (GSH) with only 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBDCl) among some electrophilic substrates tested, had a K(m)(NBDCl) of 2.2+/-0.12 mmol l(-1) while the K(m)CDNB was 2.03+/-0.29 mmol l(-1). Chloride ion, a product of the enzymatic reaction readily inhibited the conjugation of CDNB with GSH with an I50 of 0.12 mmol l(-1), whereas chloride ion up to 0.6 mol l(-1) had no inhibitory effect on the conjugation of GSH with NBDCl. However, nitrite inhibited the two reactions but the K(i) for the conjugation of NBDCl was lower than the K(i) for the conjugation of CDNB. The enzyme had an optimum temperature of 40 degrees C and an activation energy of 35.1 kJ/mol. The overall results show that M. vollenhovenii GST (mvGST) uses different mechanisms for different electrophilic substrates. The high K(m) of mvGST for the electrophilic substrates may be a special physiological adaptation for effective xenobiotic detoxication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. iadewale@oauife.edu.ng
authors.forename: Isaac Olusanjo
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Adewale
authors.forename: Adeyinka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Afolayan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene / Q000378:metabolism; D005618:Fresh Water; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009549:Nigeria; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000201:enzymology*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013696:Temperature; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D005978:Glutathione