title: Resistance to Apo2 ligand (Apo2L)/tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis and constitutive expression of Apo2L/TRAIL in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-infected T-cell lines.
abstract: Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), a CD4+-T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is difficult to cure, and novel treatments are urgently needed. Apo2 ligand (Apo2L; also tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand [TRAIL]) has been implicated in antitumor therapy. We found that HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines and primary ATL cells were more resistant to Apo2L-induced apoptosis than uninfected cells. Interestingly, HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines and primary ATL cells constitutively expressed Apo2L mRNA. Inducible expression of the viral oncoprotein Tax in a T-cell line up-regulated Apo2L mRNA. Analysis of the Apo2L promoter revealed that this gene is activated by Tax via the activation of NF-kappaB. The sensitivity to Apo2L was not correlated with expression levels of Apo2L receptors, intracellular regulators of apoptosis (FLICE-inhibitory protein and active Akt). NF-kappaB plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and survival of ATL cells. The resistance to Apo2L-induced apoptosis was reversed by N-acetyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinyl-lLnorleucinal (LLnL), an NF-kappaB inhibitor. LLnL significantly induced the Apo2L receptors DR4 and DR5. Our results suggest that the constitutive activation of NF-kappaB is essential for Apo2L gene induction and protection against Apo2L-induced apoptosis and that suppression of NF-kappaB may be a useful adjunct in clinical use of Apo2L against ATL.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Virology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almasan
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Jun-nosuke
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Uchihara
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Kazuiku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohshiro
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takasu
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagita
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002460:Cell Line; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016356:Gene Products, tax / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D016356:Gene Products, tax; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha