title: In vivo colonoscopic optical coherence tomography for transmural inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transmural inflammation, a distinguishing feature of Crohn's disease (CD), cannot be assessed by conventional colonoscopy with mucosal biopsy. Our previous ex vivo study of histology-correlated optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging on colectomy specimens of CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) showed that disruption of the layered structure of colon wall on OCT is an accurate marker for transmural inflammation of CD. We performed an in vivo colonoscopic OCT in patients with a clinical diagnosis of CD or UC using the previously established, histology-correlated OCT imaging criterion.
  
  
  METHODS
  OCT was performed in 40 patients with CD (309 images) and 30 patients with UC (292 images). Corresponding endoscopic features of mucosal inflammation were documented. Two gastroenterologists blinded to endoscopic and clinical data scored the OCT images independently to assess the feature of disrupted layered structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six CD patients (90.0%) had disrupted layered structure, whereas 5 UC patients (16.7%) had disrupted layered structure (P < .001). Using the clinical diagnosis of CD or UC as the gold standard, the disrupted layered structure on OCT indicative of transmural inflammation had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 90.0% (95% CI: 78.0%, 96.5%) and 83.3% (95% CI: 67.3%, 93.3%) for CD, respectively. The kappa coefficient in the interpretation of OCT images was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.86, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo colonoscopic OCT is feasible and accurate to detect disrupted layered structure of the colon wall indicative of transmural inflammation, providing a valuable tool to distinguish CD from UC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA. shenb@ccf.org
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zuccaro
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Gramlich
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gladkova
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trolli
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kareta
authors.forename: Conor P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Connor
authors.forename: Bret A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Lashner
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bevins
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Feldchtein
authors.forename: Feza H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Remzi
authors.forename: Marlene L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bambrick
authors.forename: Victor W
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Fazio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003113:Colonoscopy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence / Q000379:methods*