title: The energetic conversion competence of Escherichia coli during aerobic respiration studied by 31P NMR using a circulating fermentation system.
abstract: To determine the actual potential of the energetic conversion efficiency of Escherichia coli during aerobic respiration, apparent P/O ratios (P/O(app)) under either limited or standard glucose-feeding conditions were estimated. The previously reported circulating fermentation system (CFS) was used, and (31)P NMR saturation-transfer (ST) techniques were employed. By coupling with on-line NMR observations, CFS allowed us to evaluate cellular energetics directly, with both the dissolved oxygen tension and glucose feeding precisely controlled to prevent the effect of substrate-level phosphorylation based on aerobic or anaerobic acidogenesis in E. coli cells. Phosphate consumption rates under standard and limited glucose-conditions were estimated as 4.62 +/- 0.46 and 1.99 +/- 0.11 micromol/s g of dry cell weight (DCW), respectively. Using simultaneously assessed O(2) consumption rates, the P/O(app) values under these two conditions were estimated as 1.4 +/- 0.3 and 1.5 +/- 0.1, respectively. To correlate the obtained P/O(app) values with the potential efficiency of respiratory enzymes, we determined the activities of two NADH dehydrogenases (NDH 1 and 2) and two ubiquinol oxidases (bo- and bd-type) during the periods when ST was performed. NDH-1 activities in standard or limited glucose cultures were maintained at 57% or 58% of the total NADH oxidizing activity. The percentages of bo-type oxidase activity in relation to the total ubiqinol oxidizing activity under the standard and limited glucose conditions were 32% and 36%, respectively. These percentages of enzymatic activities represent the respiratory competence of E. coli cells, suggesting that, during the NMR observatory period, the enzymatic activity was not at a maximum, which could also explain the estimated P/O(app) values. If this is the case, enhancing the expression of the bo-type oxidase or disrupting of the bd-type oxidase gene could be effective approach to increasing both the P/O ratio and cellular yields.
authors.affiliation: Fermentation & Biotechnology Laboratories and Institute of Life Sciences, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Yuta
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Nobuhisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimba
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyosaki
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Ei-Ichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D001671:Biochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D010710:Phosphates; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C432586:ubiquinol oxidase; C023107:NADH oxidase; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen