title: Exposure to ozone gases in pulp mills and the onset of rhinitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rhinitis is a common upper respiratory disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It is also accepted that allergic rhinitis may precede asthma, a disease with more serious consequences. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the risk of noninfectious rhinitis is increased after accidental gassings with ozone among bleachery workers in two pulp mills.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bleachery workers (N=120) from two Swedish pulp mills using ozone as their bleaching agent were compared with control workers (N=80) not exposed to ozone in two adjacent paper mills. All of the participants were mailed a respiratory questionnaire that included items about asthma, noninfectious rhinitis, self-reported gassings, and smoking. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated with proportional hazards regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bleachery workers who reported gassings from ozone were found to be at increased risk of noninfectious rhinitis [HR 3.4, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.3-8.7] when compared with control workers. Bleachery workers without self-reported ozone gassings were not at increased risk (HR 0.9, 95% CI 0.3-2.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute exposure to high levels of ozone increases the risk of noninfectious rhinitis. This finding supports the view that peak exposures to irritants should be prevented in pulp mills.
authors.affiliation: Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States.
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hoffman
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Henneberger
authors.forename: Anna-Carin
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Olin
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010126:Ozone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D010126:Ozone