title: Vaccinia virus mediated p53 gene therapy for bladder cancer in an orthotopic murine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined if vaccinia virus (VV) mediated delivery of human tumor suppressor p53 is safe and effective for bladder tumor therapy in an orthotopic murine model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used recombinant VV (rVV) vectors to express transgenes in murine bladder cancer MB-49 cells in culture and those growing orthotopically in syngeneic mice. Cultured MB-49 cells were infected with rVV expressing reporter genes (rVV-L15) or p53 (rVV-TK-53) to measure virus infection and apoptosis induction. Orthotopic MB-49 tumors in C57/Bl6 mice were treated with intravesical instillation of rVV, and the tumor incidence, survival and transgene expression were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Productive virus infection in vitro was observed in MB-49 cells, although at somewhat lower efficiency than in African Green Monkey kidney CV-1 cells (American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia). Expression of transgenes in vitro correlated with the virus dose. Cells infected with rVV underwent apoptosis with rVV-TK-53 inducing far greater cell death than rVV-L15. The rVV-L15 virus had no effect on tumor incidence but it increased mean survival compared with control. Instillation of rVV-TK-53 decreased the tumor incidence and 33% of mice survived treatment. At necropsy all nonsurviving mice had bladder tumor, whereas 2 survivors in the rVV-TK-53 treated group were tumor-free. Immunohistochemistry of tumors detected expression of the human p53 gene product in tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge we report for the first time that recombinant vaccinia virus expressing human p53 can induce the death of MB-49 tumor cells in vivo, not only through the lytic effect of the virus, but also through expression of the death inducing p53 transgene. Further studies are needed to shed light on the mechanisms of rVV-TK-53 mediated tumor apoptosis and the antitumor immune response.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92354, USA. isfodor@som.llu.edu
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fodor
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Timiryasova
authors.forename: Bela
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Denes
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ruckle
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lilly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016158:Genes, p53; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D051379:Mice; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D014616:Vaccinia virus