title: G-->A hypermutation in protease and reverse transcriptase regions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 residing in resting CD4+ T cells in vivo.
abstract: In vitro studies have shown that the host cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G causes lethal hypermutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcripts unless its incorporation into virions is blocked by Vif. By examining stably archived sequences in resting CD4+ T cells, we show that hypermutation occurs in most if not all infected individuals. Hypermutated sequences comprised >9% of archived species in resting CD4+ T cells but were not found in plasma virus. Mutations occurred in predicted contexts, with notable hotspots. Thus, defects in Vif function in vivo give rise to hypermutated viral genomes that can be integrated but do not produce progeny viruses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 879 Broadway Research Bldg., 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Tara L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kieffer
authors.forename: Patty
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Nettles
authors.forename: Yefei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Stuart C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Siliciano
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D001483:Base Sequence; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology*; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease