title: Differential expression of mRNAs for PACAP and its receptors during neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
abstract: The expressions of mRNAs for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and their receptors (PAC1, VPAC1 and VPAC2) were examined in the five steps of the in vitro neuronal culture model of embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation. mRNAs for PACAP, VIP, PAC1 receptor, and VPAC2 receptor were moderately expressed in neural stem cell-enriched cultures, while VPAC1 receptor mRNA was most prominently expressed in embryoid bodies (EBs). The expression of PAC1 receptor mRNA was further upregulated after terminal differentiation into neurons. In contrast, the expressions of PAC1 receptor and PACAP mRNAs were markedly decreased after glial differentiation. These results suggest that this in vitro neuronal culture system will be a useful model for future studies on the functional role of the PACAPergic system during different stages of neuronal development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Naohisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iga
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Akemichi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051379:Mice; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009417:Nerve Tissue / Q000196:embryology; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I
chemical_list: C495402:Adcyap1 protein, mouse; C495504:Adcyap1r1 protein, mouse; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; C495507:Vipr1 protein, mouse; C495510:Vipr2 protein, mouse