Measurement of organochlorines in commercial over-the-counter fish oil preparations: implications for dietary and therapeutic recommendations for omega-3 fatty acids and a review of the literature.
BACKGROUND
The consumption of fish high in omega-3 fatty acids is advocated by the American Heart Association to decrease the risk of coronary artery disease. However, fish contain environmental toxins such as mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides, which may negate the beneficial cardiovascular effects of fish meals. Toxin levels vary depending on both the fish source and the specific toxin, and neither farm-raised nor wild fish are toxin free. Fish oil supplements also prevent the progression of coronary artery disease and reduce cardiovascular mortality. However, only sparse data exist on the level of toxins in fish oil. In a previous study we showed that the amount of mercury in 5 over-the-counter brands of fish oil was negligible.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and other organochlorines in 5 over-the-counter preparations of fish oil.


METHODS
The contents of 5 commercial fish oil brands were sent for organochlorine analysis.


RESULTS
The levels of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorines were all below the detectable limit.


CONCLUSIONS
Fish oil supplements are more healthful than the consumption of fish high in organochlorines. Fish oils provide the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids without the risk of toxicity. In addition, fish oil supplements have been helpful in a variety of diseases, including bipolar disorder and depression.
Melanson
Stacy Foran
SF
Clinical Laboratories Division, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Lewandrowski
Elizabeth Lee
EL
Flood
James G
JG
Lewandrowski
Kent B
KB
D000572:American Heart Association; D003132:Commerce; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D006287:Health Planning Guidelines; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D014481:United States
D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls; D008628:Mercury