title: Personality, depression, and anxiety as risk factors for chronic migraine.
abstract: This article evaluated risk factors such as personality, depression, and anxiety in relation to migraine transformation in Turkish patients. Thirty-seven patients with chronic migraine and 50 patients with episodic migraine were investigated The scores for hysteria, hypochondriasis, psychasthenia, depression, and social introversion were all significantly higher in the chronic-migraine group than the episodic-migraine group. Seventy-four percent of the chronic-migraine group and 26% of the episodic-migraine group had depression. Eighty percent of the chronic-migraine group and 36% of the episodic-migraine group had anxiety. The results suggest that depression, anxiety, and personality characteristics such as hysteria, hypochondriasis, psychasthenia, depression, and social introversion may be associated with chronic migraine in Turkish patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Medical Research Center, Baskent University, Adana, Turkey. bkarakurum@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Başak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Karakurum
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Soylu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karataş
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giray
authors.forename: Meliha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Zülfikar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Arlier
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010551:Personality; D012307:Risk Factors