title: Histological precursors of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: results from a 13 year prospective follow up study in a high risk population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a very poor prognosis, which is largely due to late diagnosis. Successful early detection strategies will require identification of clinically relevant precursor lesions that can be targets for screening and treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the clinically relevant histological precursors of OSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 682 endoscoped patients from a high risk rural population in Linxian, China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were endoscoped and biopsied at baseline and followed for 13.5 years. We estimated the relative risk of developing OSCC for each of the initial histological diagnoses using Cox proportional hazards regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 114 (16.7%) patients developed OSCC during the follow up period. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, relative risks (95% confidence intervals) for incidence of this tumour, by initial histological diagnosis, were: normal 1.0 (reference), oesophagitis 0.8 (0.2-3.2), basal cell hyperplasia 1.9 (0.8-4.5), mild dysplasia 2.9 (1.6-5.2), moderate dysplasia 9.8 (5.3-18.3), severe dysplasia 28.3 (15.3-52.3), and carcinoma in situ 34.4 (16.6-71.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, squamous dysplasia and carcinoma in situ were the only histological lesions associated with a significantly increased risk of developing OSCC within 13.5 years after endoscopy. There was no evidence that oesophagitis predisposed to this tumour. Increasing grades of dysplasia were strongly associated with increasing risk, indicating that the histological grading was clinically meaningful. The follow up experience of severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ was equivalent, suggesting that this distinction is not clinically relevant. Documenting these precursor lesions of OSCC should assist in the development of effective prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies for this disease.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Studies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Boulevard, Suite 705, Bethesda, MD 20892-8314, USA.
authors.forename: G-Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Abnet
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Lewin
authors.forename: X-D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Y-L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: Z-W
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dawsey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment