title: Prevention of contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity after angiographic procedures.
abstract: Contrast medium-induced nephrotoxicity (ie, contrast nephrotoxicity [CN]) remains an important complication of angiographic procedures. If administration of iodinated contrast medium is deemed necessary in patients at high risk of CN, volume expansion should be offered and the lowest possible dose of nonionic isosmolar dimeric or nonionic low-osmolar monomeric contrast medium should be used. Prophylactic administration of fenoldopam or acetylcysteine has not offered consistent protection against CN. Intravenous acetylcysteine could be considered in emergency situations. Recently, sodium bicarbonate infusion has been shown to reduce the risk of CN. Hemofiltration for several hours before and after contrast medium injection may offer good protection against CN in patients with advanced renal disease. Prophylactic hemodialysis does not offer any protection against CN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Herries Road, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom. sameh.morcos@sth.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Sameh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Morcos
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000792:Angiography; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006440:Hemofiltration; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D015532:Rehydration Solutions