title: Growth inhibitory effects of celecoxib in human umbilical vein endothelial cells are mediated through G1 arrest via multiple signaling mechanisms.
abstract: Evidence suggests that the angiogenic endothelium represents an important target through which celecoxib mediates in vivo antitumor effects. Nevertheless, the pharmacologic basis for celecoxib-caused growth inhibition in endothelial cells in vitro remains to be defined. Previously, we showed that celecoxib-induced apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells was mediated in part through the inhibition of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1/Akt signaling. Our present findings show that celecoxib inhibits the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with pharmacologic profiles reminiscent of those of PC-3 cells. The underlying antiproliferative mechanism, however, may differ between these two cell types considering differences in the functional status of many tumor suppressors, including PTEN, p53, and retinoblastoma, all of which play integral roles in regulating cell cycle progression and survival. From a mechanistic perspective, the genomic integrity of the HUVEC system presents a vastly different intracellular context to examine how celecoxib acts to induce growth inhibition. Here, we obtain evidence that the antiproliferative effects of celecoxib and its close, cyclooxygenase-2-inactive analogue 4-[5-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonamide (DMC) in HUVECs at pharmacologically attainable concentrations (10-20 micromol/L) are attributable to the inhibition of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1/Akt signaling and cyclin-dependent kinase. Especially, celecoxib- and DMC-mediated G1 arrest is associated with attenuated retinoblastoma phosphorylation through the inhibition of multiple cyclin-dependent kinases (IC50, 10-35 micromol/L). Moreover, both celecoxib and DMC reduce neovascularization in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, suggesting the involvement of a cyclooxygenase-2-independent mechanism in the in vivo antiangiogenic effects of celecoxib.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1291, USA.
authors.forename: Ho-Pi
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Samuel K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kulp
authors.forename: Ping-Hui
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Ya-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chi-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chang-Shi
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ching-Shih
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002645:Chickens; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016193:G1 Phase / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D000068579:Celecoxib