title: Low serum insulin values in children with multiple lesions of granuloma annulare: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between granuloma annularae (GA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is controversial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between multiple lesions of GA and carbohydrate metabolism in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen children (seven boys, eight girls, mean age 4.8 years) with five or more lesions of GA were evaluated. A personal and family history of DM or other autoimmune diseases was obtained and the glycaemic and insulin response during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was determined. Thirteen children with a negative personal and family history of DM served as controls for the OGTT and 100 other children as 'clinical controls'.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 30-min sampling of the OGTT the mean insulin values were comparable in GA children and controls (P=0.1), while the mean glucose values were significantly higher in GA children than in controls (P=0.005). All other insulin values during the OGTT were significantly lower in GA children than in controls, while all other glucose values were comparable in GA children and controls with all indices applied. Eleven out of 15 GA children had a positive family history of DM (73.3% vs. 16% of the clinical controls; P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple lesions of GA in children are associated with significantly lower serum insulin values than in controls and mildly impaired glucose tolerance.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pediatrics, Athens University, Greece. kakst@otenet.gr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakourou
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Psychou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Voutetakis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Xaidara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stefanaki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dacou-Voutetakis
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D016460:Granuloma Annulare / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin