title: Raised keratinocyte growth factor-1 expression in oral submucous fibrosis in vivo and upregulated by arecoline in human buccal mucosal fibroblasts in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Keratinocyte growth factor-1 (KGF-1) is the seventh member of the fibroblast growth factor family. KGF-1 is produced by mesenchymal cells such as fibroblasts and upregulated in a variety of hyperplastic tissues. Currently, there is limited information about the regulation of KGF-1 expression in areca quid-associated oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). The aim of the study was to compare KGF-1 expression in normal human buccal mucosa and OSF specimens and further to explore the potential mechanism that may lead to induce KGF-1 expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of KGF-1 from fibroblasts cultured from OSF and normal buccal mucosa were using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, arecoline, a major areca nut alkaloid, was challenged to normal buccal mucosa fibroblasts (BMFs) to elucidate whether KGF-1 expression could affect by arecoline. Furthermore, 25 OSF specimens and six normal buccal mucosa specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fibroblasts derived from OSF were found to exhibit higher KGF-1 expression than BMFs both in mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). In addition, upregulation of KGF-1 mRNA gene and protein expression were found in BMFs stimulated by arecoline (P < 0.05). From the results of immunohistochemistry, KGF-1 expression was significantly higher in OSF specimens and expressed mainly by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, inflammatory cells, and epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taken together, these results suggest that KGF-1 expression is significantly upregulated in OSF tissues from areca quid chewers and arecoline may be responsible for the enhanced KGF-1 expression in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Shun-Fa
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yi-Juai
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Yung
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Yu-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D001115:Arecoline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009914:Oral Submucous Fibrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: C496453:FGF7 protein, human; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D001115:Arecoline; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors