title: Erosive effect of a new sports drink on dental enamel during exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the potential erosive effect of a prototype carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (PCE) with a neutral control (water) and a commercially available carbohydrate-electrolyte drink (CCE) during exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Nineteen healthy adults (male, N = 16; female, N = 3) took part in this single blind, three-way crossover study. Subjects were given each of the three drinks according to a randomization schedule, approximately balanced for first-order carryover effects. At the beginning of each of the three study periods, the volunteers were fitted with an intraoral appliance containing two human enamel blocks. During each study period, volunteers exercised for 75 min.d(-1) (5 repetitions of 15 min of exercise, with 5-min rests between exercise repetitions), 5 d.wk(-1) for 3 wk. Each day, drink aliquots of 200 mL were consumed during a 5-min period before exercise and after every 15-min bout of exercise, followed by a final 400-mL aliquot ingested over a 10-min period: a total of 1400 mL per study day. Dental erosion was measured as tissue loss from the enamel blocks by profilometry at the end of each study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Water, PCE, and CCE produced 0.138 microm (SD 0.090 microm), 0.138 microm (SD 0.038 microm), and 4.238 microm (SD 3.872 microm) of enamel loss, respectively. A Wilcoxon t statistic showed a significant statistical difference between the PCE and CCE drinks (P < 0.001), whereas no significant difference could be detected between the PCE drink and water (P = 0.740).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCE solution showed minimal erosion compared with the commercially available drink, and was statistically indistinguishable from water under the conditions of this study. Use of CE solutions formulated to minimize erosion during exercise may provide significant dental benefits.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
authors.forename: Michelle C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Venables
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Asker E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Jeukendrup
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roedig-Penman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Finke
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000209:etiology*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water