title: The helix-loop-helix inhibitor of differentiation (ID) proteins induce post-mitotic terminally differentiated Sertoli cells to re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate.
abstract: Prior to puberty the Sertoli cells undergo active cell proliferation, and at the onset of puberty they become a terminally differentiated postmitotic cell population that support spermatogenesis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the postmitotic block of pubertal and adult Sertoli cells are unknown. The four known helix-loop-helix ID proteins (i.e., Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4) are considered dominant negative regulators of cellular differentiation pathways and act as positive regulators of cellular proliferation. ID proteins are expressed at low levels by postpubertal Sertoli cells and are transiently induced by serum. The hypothesis tested was that ID proteins can induce a terminally differentiated postmitotic Sertoli cell to reenter the cell cycle if they are constitutively expressed. To test this hypothesis, ID1 and ID2 were stably integrated and individually overexpressed in postmitotic rat Sertoli cells. Overexpression of ID1 or ID2 allowed postmitotic Sertoli cells to reenter the cell cycle and undergo mitosis. The cells continued to proliferate even after 300 cell doublings. The functional markers of Sertoli cell differentiation such as transferrin, inhibin alpha, Sert1, and androgen binding protein (ABP) continued to be expressed by the proliferating Sertoli cells, but at lower levels. FSH receptor expression was lost in the proliferating Sertoli cell-Id lines. Some Sertoli cell genes, such as cyclic protein 2 (cathepsin L) and Sry-related HMG box protein-11 (Sox11) increase in expression. At no stage of proliferation did the cells exhibit senescence. The expression profile as determined with a microarray protocol of the Sertoli cell-Id lines suggested an overall increase in cell cycle genes and a decrease in growth inhibitory genes. These results demonstrate that overexpression of ID1 and ID2 genes in a postmitotic, terminally differentiated cell type have the capacity to induce reentry into the cell cycle. The observations are discussed in regards to potential future applications in model systems of terminally differentiated cell types such as neurons or myocytes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman,Washington 99164-4231, USA.
authors.forename: Jaideep
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sadler-Riggleman
authors.forename: Jacquelyn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ague
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Skinner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D018257:Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497454:ID1 protein, rat; C497451:Id2 protein, rat; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors