title: The development and establishment of a care map in children with asthma in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is often difficult to predict the timing and frequency of asthma attacks. In addition to interrupting the daily life of both the affected child and his/her family, asthma can also pose sudden danger to a child. Based on clinical observations, many asthma-affected children and their parents must constantly adjust themselves to the uncertainty of the disease, which leads to increased stress on the family. The use of care maps has demonstrated increased efficiency and effectiveness in the care of asthma patients from a variety of settings.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We designed this study to construct and evaluate a care map for asthmatic children in Taiwan. Specific attention was placed on comparing the study and control subjects by parental knowledge of asthma, medication used for asthma, hospital readmission, and health care resource usage.
  
  
  METHODS
  The care map was constructed by in-depth interviews with eight sets of parents of children with asthma. Forty-four parents of 42 asthma children were randomized into two groups in the Allergic Clinic of the Chang Gung Children's Hospital. The experimental group of 22 parents received individual instruction and training sessions in addition to the regular care provided to the control group of 22 parents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-two children with asthma were surveyed in this study. To examine the reliability and validity of a care map for children with asthma, a quantitative survey was conducted with 42 outpatient parents with asthmatic children. There was less emergency room attending rate in experimental group (6/month; p<0.05) The understanding of the disease was much improved in parents of experimental group (13.85+/-1.04 vs. 10.91+/-2.14; p<0.01). Furthermore, parents acquired a more positive attitude to asthma, and almost all of the control group had irregular follow-ups by a physician and had irregular use of medication.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study emphasizes that a care map in children with asthma (CACM) can be used to educate parents in how to provide the best treatment plan for their children. This study also shows how a CACM can help parents train their children in the best behaviors during asthma attacks. Empathetic assessment and elimination of cultural barriers, a well-designed educational program, and a mutually developed treatment plan could significantly improve the quality of life for families and specific asthma outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Chang Gung Institute of Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Sue-Hsien
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kuo-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Sue-Huei
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dah-Chin
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Teresa J C
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jing-Long
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D036501:Metered Dose Inhalers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D010359:Patient Readmission; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents