title: Plasma antioxidant capacity in response to diets high in soy or animal protein with or without isoflavones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several clinical trials have suggested that soy intake decreases oxidative stress. Soy isoflavones have antioxidant properties in vitro, but results of supplementation in clinical trials are inconclusive.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate the independent effects of soy protein and soy-derived isoflavones on plasma antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two hypercholesterolemic (LDL cholesterol > 3.36 mmol/L) subjects aged >50 y were provided with each of 4 diets in random order in a crossover design. Diets varied in protein source (10% of energy, soy or animal) and isoflavone content (trace or 50 mg/1000 kcal) and were consumed for 42 d each. Plasma antioxidants, protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant performance, LDL oxidizability, and urinary F(2)-isoprostanes were measured at the end of each dietary phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma antioxidant concentrations were not significantly different, regardless of dietary treatment, except for isoflavones, which were higher after isoflavone supplementation (P = 0.0001). Although plasma total antioxidant performance was 10% higher with soy protein intake, regardless of dietary isoflavones (P = 0.0003), soy protein did not significantly affect most individual markers of oxidative stress (LDL oxidizability, urinary F(2)-isoprostanes, malondialdehyde, or protein carbonyls in native plasma). However, soy protein was associated with modestly lower concentrations of protein carbonyls in oxidized plasma. There was no significant effect of isoflavones on LDL oxidation, urinary F(2)-isoprostanes, or protein carbonyl groups, although, paradoxically, the plasma malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher after the isoflavone-rich diets (P = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diets relatively high in soy protein or soy-derived isoflavones have little effect on plasma antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of oxidative stress.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory and the Carotenoids and Health Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA. sonia.vega_lopez@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vega-López
authors.forename: Kyung-Jin
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yeum
authors.forename: Jaime L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lecker
authors.forename: Lynne M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ausman
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Sridevi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devaraj
authors.forename: Ishwarlal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jialal
authors.forename: Alice H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Lichtenstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D007529:Isoflavones; D030262:Soybean Proteins; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein