title: Incentive models to increase living kidney donation: encouraging without coercing.
abstract: Kidney transplantation is a superior treatment strategy than chronic dialysis for end-stage renal disease patients. However, there is a severe shortage of cadaveric kidneys that are available for transplantation. Therefore many patients are turning to living donors. We describe four models of incentives to improve rates of living kidney donation: the market compensation model, the fixed compensation model, no-compensation model and the expense reimbursement model. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each of these models. Any incentive to improve rates of living kidney donation must be accompanied by safeguards. These safeguards will prevent living donors from being viewed primarily as a resource for transplants. These safeguards will also prevent vulnerable individuals from being coerced into donation and will monitor long-term outcomes of donors using a donor registry. We recommend the use of the expense reimbursement model along with these safeguards, in order to increase rates of living kidney donation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. aisrani@cceb.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Israni
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Halpern
authors.forename: Sheldon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zink
authors.forename: Sonal A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Sidhwani
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caplan
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D028701:Patient Rights; D012042:Registries; D014019:Tissue Donors; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement