title: Clonal spread of a Clostridium difficile strain with a complete set of toxin A, toxin B, and binary toxin genes among Polish patients with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.
abstract: Clinically relevant Clostridium difficile strains usually produce toxins A and B. Some C. difficile strains can produce an additional binary toxin. We report clonality among five strains carrying all toxin genes from Polish patients with C. difficile-associated diarrhea. In another strain, possible recombination between binary toxin genes is documented.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology, The Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chalubinski Street, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland. hanna.pituch@ib.amwaw.edu.pl
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pituch
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kreft
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Obuch-Woszczatynski
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wultańska
authors.forename: Felicja
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meisel-Mikołajczyk
authors.forename: Mirosław
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Łuczak
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Belkum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016360:Clostridioides difficile / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D004761:Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021521:Ribotyping
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; C041348:tcdA protein, Clostridium difficile; C031815:toxB protein, Clostridium difficile