title: Timed action and object naming.
abstract: Factors affecting object and action naming were compared in a timed picture-naming paradigm, for drawings of 520 objects and 275 actions, named by adult native speakers of English. Massive differences between object and action naming were observed for all dependent variables, and theoretically relevant differences emerged in the variables that predict retrieval of nouns vs. verbs in this task. Matching object and action items for variables like frequency, age of acquisition, or picture complexity does not result in a match for measures of naming difficulty (name agreement or latency). Conversely, object and action items matched for naming difficulty invariably differ in their other lexical and pictorial properties. A reaction time disadvantage for action naming remains even after controlling for picture properties, target word properties, name agreement itself (reflecting the differential ambiguity of nouns and verbs) as well as a measure of conceptual or psychological complexity based on the number of relevant objects in the scene. Surprisingly, frequency effects run in opposite directions for nouns (higher frequencies yield faster RTs) and verbs (higher frequencies are associated with slower RTs, reflecting a "light verb" strategy that speakers use for difficult items). Implications for method and theory in the study of lexical access are discussed, including relevance to a growing literature on the neurobiology and development of nouns and verbs.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Experimental Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary. aszekely@crl.ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szekely
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Devescovi
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Federmeier
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herron
authors.forename: Gowri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Iyer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Analía L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Arévalo
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vargha
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bates
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002965:Classification; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012660:Semantics; D014705:Verbal Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology