title: The two neutrophil members of the formylpeptide receptor family activate the NADPH-oxidase through signals that differ in sensitivity to a gelsolin derived phosphoinositide-binding peptide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The formylpeptide receptor family members FPR and FPRL1, expressed in myeloid phagocytes, belong to the G-protein coupled seven transmembrane receptor family (GPCRs). They share a high degree of sequence similarity, particularly in the cytoplasmic domains involved in intracellular signaling. The established model of cell activation through GPCRs states that the receptors isomerize from an inactive to an active state upon ligand binding, and this receptor transformation subsequently activates the signal transducing G-protein. Accordingly, the activation of human neutrophil FPR and FPRL1 induces identical, pertussis toxin-sensitive functional responses and a transient increase in intracellular calcium is followed by a secretory response leading to mobilization of receptors from intracellular stores, as well as a release of reactive oxygen metabolites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We report that a cell permeable ten amino acid peptide (PBP10) derived from the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) binding region of gelsolin (an uncapper of actin filaments) blocks granule mobilization as well as secretion of oxygen radicals. The inhibitory effect of PBP10 is, however, receptor specific and affects the FPRL1-, but not the FPR-, induced cellular response. The transient rise in intracellular calcium induced by the active receptors is not affected by PBP10, suggesting that the blockage occurs in a parallel, novel signaling pathway used by FPRL1 to induce oxygen radical production and secretion. Also the FPR can activate neutrophils through a PBP10-sensitive signaling pathway, but this signal is normally blocked by the cytoskeleton.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that the two very closely related chemoattractant receptors, FPR and FPRL1, use distinct signaling pathways in activation of human neutrophils. The PIP2-binding peptide PBP10 selectively inhibits FPRL1-mediated superoxide production and granule mobilization. Furthermore, the activity of this novel PBP10 sensitive pathway in neutrophils is modulated by the actin cytoskeleton network.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Göteborg, Sweden. Huamei.fu@microbio.gu.se
authors.forename: Huamei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Björkman
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Janmey
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Jennie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Charlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Movitz
authors.forename: Claes
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dahlgren
mesh_terms: D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D018260:Gelsolin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide / Q000502:physiology*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000502:physiology; D044067:Receptors, Lipoxin / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C105101:FPR2 protein, human; D018260:Gelsolin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D044042:Receptors, Formyl Peptide; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D044067:Receptors, Lipoxin; C098726:gelsolin (150-169); D013481:Superoxides; D019255:NADPH Oxidases