title: Simultaneous detection of the release of glutamate and nitric oxide from adherently growing cells using an array of glutamate and nitric oxide selective electrodes.
abstract: The simultaneous detection of nitric oxide and glutamate using an array of individually addressable electrodes, in which the individual electrodes in the array were suitably modified with a highly sensitive nitric oxide sensing chemistry or a glutamate oxidase/redox hydrogel-based glutamate biosensor is presented. In a sequence of modification steps one of the electrodes was covered first with a positively charged Ni porphyrin entrapped into a negatively charged electrodeposition paint followed by the manual modification of the second working electrode by a bienzyme sensor architecture based on crosslinked redox hydrogels with entrapped peroxidase and glutamate oxidase. Adherently growing C6-glioma cells were grown on membrane inserts and placed in close distance to the modified sensor surfaces. The current responses recorded at each electrode after stimulation of glutamate and NO release by means of K+ and bradykinin clearly demonstrate the ability of the individual electrode in the array to detect the analyte towards which its sensitivity and selectivity was targeted without interference from the neighbouring electrode or other analytes present in the test mixture.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, S-22100 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Sonnur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blöchl
authors.forename: Nazaré
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pereira-Rodrigues
authors.forename: Fethi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bedioui
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Csöregi
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schuhmann
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018914:Cells, Immobilized; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D018698:Glutamic Acid