title: [Clinical study of congenital middle ear malformations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To search into the diagnosis and treatment of congenital malformation of middle ear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine patients were involved in our study, exploratory tympanotomy was undergone in all patients (eleven ears) and eight ears were reconstructed the ossicular chain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exploratory tympanotomy showed a variety of abnomalities of the middle ear which were difficult to identify preoperatively, despite the modern imaging techniques. Stapedectomy using a wire prosthesis with an oval window tissue graft to prevent a perilymphatic leak was carried out in four ears, fenestration of vestibule with stapes prosthesis in two ears, removing the fibrotic strand around the incudostapedial joint in one ear, TORP (Total replacement prosthesis) were used in one ear, gain in hearing thresholds was obtained without severe complications occurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exploratory tympanotomy is essential to identify congenital conductive hearing loss and wire prosthesis may provide a potential way for reconstruction of ossicular chain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
authors.forename: Fenli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Keli
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004429:Ear Ossicles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000151:congenital* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation; D013201:Stapes Surgery