title: Surgeon specialty and operative mortality with lung resection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to examine the effect of subspecialty training on operative mortality following lung resection.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  While several different surgical subspecialists perform lung resection for cancer, many believe that this procedure is best performed by board-certified thoracic surgeons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the national Medicare database 1998 to 1999, we identified patients undergoing lung resection (lobectomy or pneumonectomy) for lung cancer. Operating surgeons were identified by unique physician identifier codes contained in the discharge abstract. We used the American Board of Thoracic Surgery database, as well as physician practice patterns, to designate surgeons as general surgeons, cardiothoracic surgeons, or noncardiac thoracic surgeons. Using logistic regression models, we compared operative mortality across surgeon subspecialties, adjusting for patient, surgeon, and hospital characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 25,545 Medicare patients underwent lung resection, 36% by general surgeons, 39% by cardiothoracic surgeons, and 25% by noncardiac thoracic surgeons. Patient characteristics did not differ substantially by surgeon specialty. Adjusted operative mortality rates were lowest for cardiothoracic and noncardiac thoracic surgeons (7.6% general surgeons, 5.6% cardiothoracic surgeons, 5.8% noncardiac thoracic surgeons, P = 0.001). In analyses restricted to high-volume surgeons (>20 lung resections/y), mortality rates were lowest for noncardiac thoracic surgeons (5.1% noncardiac thoracic, 5.2% cardiothoracic, and 6.1% general surgeons) (P < 0.01 for difference between general surgeons and thoracic surgeons). In analyses restricted to high-volume hospitals (>45 lung resections/y), mortality rates were again lowest for noncardiac thoracic surgeons (5.0% noncardiac thoracic, 5.3% cardiothoracic, and 6.1% general surgeons) (P < 0.01 for differences between all 3 groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Operative mortality with lung resection varies by surgeon specialty. Some, but not all, of this variation in operative mortality is attributable to hospital and surgeon volume.
authors.affiliation: VA Outcomes Group, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA. philip.goodney@hitchcock.org
authors.forename: Philip P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Goodney
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Therese A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Stukel
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Birkmeyer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019992:Databases as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013043:Specialties, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013903:Thoracic Surgery / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology