title: Chemosynthesis of bioresorbable poly(gamma-butyrolactone) by ring-opening polymerisation: a review.
abstract: Recent advances in the synthesis of poly(gamma-butyrolactone) have yielded homopolymers of up to 50,000 Mw from the low-cost monomer gamma-butyrolactone. This monomer has for the better part of a century been thought impossible to polymerise. Poly(gamma-butyrolactone) displays properties that are ideal for tissue-engineering applications and the bacterially derived equivalent, poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB), has been evaluated for such uses. The glass transition temperature (-48 to -51 degrees C), melting point (53-60 degrees C), tensile strength (50 MPa), Young's modulus (70 MPa) and elongation at break (1000%) of P4HB make it a very useful biomaterial. Poly(gamma-butyrolactone) degrades to give gamma-hydroxybutyric acid which is a naturally occurring metabolite in the body and it has been shown to be bioresorbable. Investigation into the synthesis of poly(gamma-butyrolactone) has recently produced homo-oligomeric diols 400-1000 Mw that are suitable for reacting with diisocyanates to form polyurethanes. Biodegradable polyurethanes made from diols of polyglycolide (PGA) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) have the disadvantage of high glass transition and slow degradation, respectively. Poly(gamma-butyrolactone) can be thought of as being the missing link in the biodegradable polyester family immediately between PGA and PCL and displaying intermediate properties.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Science, CSIRO, Bayview Avenue, Clayton South MDC 3169, Australia. tim.moore@csiro.au
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Raju
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adhikari
authors.forename: Pathiraja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gunatillake
mesh_terms: D015107:4-Butyrolactone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D020341:Absorbable Implants; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D011108:Polymers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D015107:4-Butyrolactone