title: Age and gender differences in depressive symptomatology and comorbidity: an incident sample of psychiatrically admitted children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Studies indicate that major depressive disorder (MDD) is frequent in children but that it may be missed. This study determines the incidence of hospital-treated MDD based on the frequency of MDD in child psychiatric patients, and analyses effects of age and gender on depressive symptoms and psychiatric comorbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety-nine consecutive child psychiatric patients were interviewed using a semi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS-PL). Comorbidity and symptoms were compared across age and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Current or partly remitted MDD was found in 42 children (21%). Thirty-eight (90%) had comorbid psychiatric disorder(s). Onset of the comorbid disorder was prior to onset of depression in 74% of cases. No significant gender-differences were found, but anhedonia, hypersomnia and decreased ability to concentrate were more frequent in the older age group. In contrast, feelings of worthlessness were more frequent in the younger age group. The number of melancholic symptoms was significantly associated with older age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MDD is frequent in child psychiatric patients aged 8-13 years. Age-but not gender-had significant effects on melancholy score and the prevalence of specific symptoms. Results suggest that MDD may be underdiagnosed in clinical samples unless careful examined with diagnostic interview.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Harald Selmersvej 66, 8240 Risskov, Denmark. mjs@buh.aaa.dk
authors.forename: Merete Juul
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sørensen
authors.forename: Judith Becker
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mors
authors.forename: Per Hove
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000855:Anorexia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D013981:Tic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology