title: Identifying and treating patients with suboptimal responses.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurologic disease in which acute inflammatory events early in the disease course contribute to subsequent neurologic disability. The early relapsing inflammatory phase is followed by a progressive degenerative phase in which the frequency of acute inflammatory attacks diminishes but progressive loss of neurologic function continues. Current immune therapies are most effective in suppressing the acute inflammatory events that characterize the earlier stages of disease. Optimal suppression of these inflammatory events is likely to have the best potential for delaying or preventing loss of axons and decline in neurologic function. In view of these considerations, and because MS is a heterogeneous disease and response to disease-modifying agents (DMA) varies across individuals, it is important to identify suboptimal responders as early as possible to allow therapeutic modification while the opportunity to avert future loss of function remains. At present, no criteria for identifying suboptimal responders have been validated. In January 2004, a group of neurologists from 16 MS centers in the United States met to develop a consensus on criteria for defining suboptimal response for use in compelling clinical situations and to prompt clinical studies to validate the efficacy of these criteria. Consensus criteria included relapse rates of either 1/year or unchanged from pretreatment rates, incomplete recovery from multiple attacks, evolution of polyregional neurologic involvement, recurrent brainstem or spinal cord lesions, and cumulative loss of neurologic function sufficient to disrupt daily activities. The panel then considered the use of mitoxantrone for patients with worsening MS and a suboptimal response to DMA therapy.
authors.affiliation: Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Abbott Hall 1121, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. bac106@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rizvi
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Agius
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herndon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kinkel
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Mikol
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Picone
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tornatore
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zwibel
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003245:Consensus Statements as Topic; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008942:Mitoxantrone