Redox active calcium ion channels and cell death.
Calcium plays a key role in both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. Emptying of intracellular calcium stores and/or alteration in intracellular calcium levels can modulate cell death in almost all cell types. These calcium fluxes are determined by the activity of membrane channels normally under tight control. The channels may be ligand activated or voltage dependent as well as being under the control of affector molecules such as calmodulin. It has become increasingly apparent that many calcium channels are affected by reactive oxygen or reactive nitrogen species; ROS/RNS. This may be part of the normal signaling pathways in the cell or by the action of exogenously generated ROS or RNS often by toxins. This review covers the recent literature on the activity of these redox active channels as related to cell death.
Waring
Paul
P
Department of Chemistry, Centre for the Study of Bioactive Molecules, The Faculties, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. Paul.Waring@anu.edu.au
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / Q000378:metabolism; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels
D015220:Calcium Channels; C506926:ITPR1 protein, human; D053496:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D019837:Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel; D050052:TRPC Cation Channels; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases