title: Surgical mediastinal staging in daily practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An adequately staged mediastinum remains obligatory in patients with NSCLC prior to surgery. In this study, we investigated the accuracy of preoperative surgical mediastinal staging procedures in four hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-university teaching hospital and three surrounding community hospitals in Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
  Patients with NSCLC who underwent mediastinoscopy and/or thoracotomy, between 1993 and 1999. Adherence to guidelines for indicating and performing mediastinoscopy were investigated and compared in four hospitals. Guidelines for indicating mediastinoscopy were adequately followed in two-thirds of cases. Mediastinoscopy was performed according to gold standards in 40% of cases. The hospital with the smallest number of evaluated patients scored the worst. Postoperatively, 17% of patients appeared to have "unforeseen N2-3 disease". In approximately 18% of these "upstaged" patients, thoracotomy could have been prevented, if guidelines had been followed adequately.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clinical practice the adherence to staging guidelines with respect to mediastinoscopy is insufficient in one-third of patients. Furthermore, mediastinoscopy was performed according to gold standards in 40% of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, PO Box 1350, 5602 ZA Eindhoven, The Netherlands. smulders.sietske@zonnet.nl
authors.forename: Sietske A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Smulders
authors.forename: Frank W J M
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Smeenk
authors.forename: Maryska L G
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Janssen-Heijnen
authors.forename: Pascal L M L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Wielders
authors.forename: Dirk R A J
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: de Munck
authors.forename: Pieter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Postmus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008479:Mediastinal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008481:Mediastinoscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013908:Thoracotomy