title: [Effects of extracts of ginkgo biloba (EGB) on levels of nitric oxide and apoptosis in the retina induced by glutamate in adult rabbits].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of extracts of ginkgo biloba (EGB) on the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and apoptosis in the retina induced by glutamate by intravitreal injection in adult rabbit.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model of apoptosis in retina induced by glutamate by intravitreal injection was established in adult rabbit and EGB was retrobulbarly injected. The levels of NO were measured by spectrophotometer. Retina DNA fragmentation was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The levels of NO in retina in experiment groups were significantly increased compared with controls, after treatment with high dosage of EGB, and levels of NO was decreased to normal. They were not decreased by injection of small dosage of EGB. DNA fragmentation of retina apoptosis was detected in experiment groups and small dosage EGB groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The retina apoptosis was induced by glutamate by intravitreal injection in adult rabbit and was inhibited by EGB that may be through blocking the generation of NO free radicals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tang Du Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'An 710038, Shanxi, China. lyjun68@sina.com
authors.forename: Yang-jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xin-guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mei-rui
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D020441:Ginkgo biloba / Q000737:chemistry; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D018698:Glutamic Acid