title: Reduced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor related protein in gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The recently cloned epidermal growth factor receptor related protein (ERRP) has been proposed to be a negative regulator of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Because of the causal involvement of EGFR and its ligands in gastric cancer growth, we investigated expression of ERRP and cell proliferation in human gastric cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined ERRP expression and localisation in surgical specimens of gastric cancers from 47 patients versus non-malignant gastric mucosa and determined their relationship to cell proliferation and differentiation. We also examined expression of ERRP by western blotting in three different gastric cancer cell lines. To further determine the functional properties of ERRP, we examined the effect of ERRP on epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced EGFR phosphorylation essential for its activation in MKN-28 gastric cancer cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERRP expression was dramatically reduced in gastric cancers (34% of all specimens positive) compared with non-malignant gastric mucosa (66% of specimens positive). Expression of ERRP in cancer cells inversely correlated with cell proliferation and grade of malignancy. Cell lines derived from metastatic gastric cancers had reduced ERRP expression compared with cell lines derived from a non-metastatic cancer. Exogenous ERRP protein markedly inhibited EGF induced EGFR phosphorylation in gastric cancer cells providing a novel molecular mechanism of its action.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that downregulation of ERRP could play an important role in gastric cancer differentiation and progression. ERRP is a negative regulator of tumour cell proliferation and may exert its inhibitory effect, in part, by attenuating EGFR activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center/University of California-Irvine, 5901 East 7th St, Long Beach, CA 90822-5201, USA.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tarnawski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: A P N
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Majumdar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D018450:Disease Progression; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; C512478:EGFR protein, human; D066246:ErbB Receptors