title: [The study of microdissection of endoscopic transnasal surgery in the sphenopalatine foramen].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide anatomy evidence for endoscopic transnasal surgery in the sphenopalatine foramen by measuring and dissecting corpses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The position, shape, size and their correlational data of sphenopalatine foramen of 40 sides skulls in adults were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Classification of the sphenopalatine foramen were as three types: I 35%; II 5%; III 60%. The mean distance from upper edge of the sphenopalatine foramen to the base of the sphenopalatine sinus was male (1.75 +/- 1.10) mm, female (1.13 +/- 0.55) mm, and to the apertura sphenopalatine sinus was male (9.80 +/- 3.27) mm, female (8.30 +/- 3.45) mm. The mean distance from the posterior edge of the sphenopalatine foramen to the rhinopharynx was male (11.12 +/- 3.30) mm, female (10.85 +/- 3.12) mm. The mean distance from the anterior edge of the sphenopalatine foramen to the apertura maxillaris was male (18.50 +/- 6.80) mm, female (14.57 +/- 5.07) mm, and to the apex of nose was male (69.54 +/- 6.98) mm, female (66.57 +/- 5.07) mm, and to the nasospinale was male (56.69 +/- 5.70) mm, female (53.25 +/- 8.80) mm. The horizontal diameter of the sphenopalatine foramen was female (4.61 +/- 1.80) mm, male (5.12 +/- 2.05) mm. The vertical diameter was male (5.37 +/- 2.67) mm, female (0.35 +/- 0.07) mm. The surface diameter of the sphenopalatine artery and nerves was male (2.12 +/- 0.66) mm, female (1.61 +/- 0.70) mm, and male (0.65 +/- 0.49) mm, female (0.35 +/- 0.07) mm. The mean angle from the sphenopalatine foramen to the horizontal plate of palatine bone was male (22.83 +/- 4.71) degrees, female (22.73 +/- 3.81) degrees. Nasal lateral walls were controlled by lateral posterior nasal arteries and nerves, which were classified into three types: I 70%, II 20%, III 10%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observation and survey about the sphenopalatine foramen will supply clinic with anatomy homological.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Changhai Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Shuimiao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Weiping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Rongming
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ji
authors.forename: Minghua
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Guofeng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013100:Sphenoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology*