Genetic and environmental factors interact to influence anxiety.
Both genetic and environmental factors influence normal anxiety traits as well as anxiety disorders. In addition it is becoming increasingly clear that these factors interact to produce specific anxiety-related behaviors. For example, in humans and in monkeys mutations in the gene encoding for the serotonin transporter result in increased anxiety in adult life when combined with a stressful environment during development. Another recent example comes from twin studies suggesting that a small hippocampus can be a predisposing condition that renders individuals susceptible to post traumatic stress disorder. Such examples illustrate how specific mutations leading to abnormal brain development may increase vulnerability to environmental insults which may in turn lead to specific anxiety disorders.
Gross
Cornelius
C
European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Via Ramarini 32, 00016 Monterotondo (Rome), Italy.
Hen
René
R
D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001007:Anxiety / Q000235:genetics* / Q000523:psychology*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D004777:Environment; D006801:Humans; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents