title: Various immunostaining patterns of CD31, CD34 and endoglin and their relationship with lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intratumoral blood vessels are known to play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis. The discrepancy in previous reports using various endothelial markers individually suggested us to investigate both normal and various tumor areas with a wide panel of vascular markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Here, we used a panel of three antibodies (CD31, CD34, and endoglin) as blood vessel markers to investigate the distribution and properties of blood vessels in normal oral tissues and squamous cell carcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many microvessels with strong remodeling activity as well as undifferentiated tumoral vascular endothelial cells and immature endothelial cells were present in the cancer cell nest and marginal area of cancer infiltration. Our results showed different vascular distribution patterns using various immunostaining markers in normal and tumoral tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular distribution and properties of endothelial cells appear to be closely associated with metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama University, Shikatacho 2-5-1, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
authors.forename: Kazuteru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gunduz
authors.forename: Hidetsugu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsujigiwa
authors.forename: Ryou
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamamura
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D000071063:Endoglin; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1