title: [Effect of high level spinal cord injury on rat heart function].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of high level spinal cord injury (SCI) on rat heart, and investigate the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the harmful effects on heart after SCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups of 8 animals each: control group; 4-hour group: 4 th hour after injury to spinal cord at cervical 7 level; 12-hour group: 12 th hour after injury to 7 spinal cord at C7 level; 24-hour group with same injury; 48-hour group and 72-hour group, all with same injury. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricle systolic pressure (LVSP), and left ventricular maximum velocities of contraction (+/-dp/dt max) were recorded in each group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and ET-1 contents in the myocardium. were also measured. Specimens of the myocardium were harvested for ultrastructure examination with transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodynamics variables including HR, MAP, LVSP and+/-dp/dtmax were significantly decreased in all the injury groups compared with that of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). These variables in 12-hour group showed lowest values among all the groups (all P<0.01). But the values of cardiac enzymes were much higher in five injury groups compared with that of control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). ET-1 contents in serum and cardiac tissue raised markedly after the injury was inflicted to the animals (P<0.05), reaching peak at 12 hours (P<0.01). Ultrastructural examination of the myocardial tissue demonstrated that there were mild dissolution of myocardial fibrils and vacuolation of mitochondria at 12 hours after injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High level SCI could induce myocardial injuries and an excessive production of ET-1 in circulation and myocardial tissue might play a role in myocardial damage after injury of the spinal cord at a high level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
authors.forename: Zhen-dong
authors.initials: ZD
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xue-yin
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xing-ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tian-wen
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Ye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D019332:Endothelin-1