title: The neuroendocrine-immune interactions in systemic lupus erythematosus: a basis for understanding disease pathogenesis and complexity.
abstract: Much progress has been made in the understanding of the impact of the neuroendocrine immune interactions and the pathogenic role in systemic lupus erythematosus, clinically and at the molecular level. This article focuses on the intertwining networks that involve the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cytokines within the central nervous system, and the sympathetic system. Hormones (estrogen, prolactin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and leptin) play an important role as immunomodulatory agents.
authors.affiliation: Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel.
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szyper-Kravitz
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zandman-Goddard
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lahita
authors.forename: Yehuda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoenfeld
mesh_terms: D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins