title: Stiffness of the arterial wall, joints and skin in women with a history of pre-eclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The epidemiology of pre-eclampsia suggests a constitutional component for the disorder. We have recently shown an association for blood pressure (BP) with stiffness of joints and skin in adolescents, suggesting that constitutionally determined stiffness of body tissues is associated with blood pressure. Therefore, we compared stiffness of the arterial wall, joints and skin between women with a history of pre-eclampsia and women with an uncomplicated pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were 44 women with a history of early onset pre-eclampsia and controls were 46 women with a history of uncomplicated pregnancy. Arterial stiffness was determined non-invasively with pulse wave velocity measurement. As a measure of capsule and ligament stiffness, the active range of motion of various joints was measured. Skin stiffness was measured using a tissue compliance meter. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) multiple comparison tests were used for comparison of the study groups. Linear regression models were used to determine the associations between stiffness parameters and possible confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the cases, body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher and age and parity were significantly lower. BP was significantly higher for the cases. Stiffness of the arterial wall, joints and skin were significantly higher. After adjustment for mean arterial pressure, stiffness of the joints and skin were significantly higher, but no difference remained for arterial stiffness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with a history of pre-eclampsia had a significantly higher stiffness of the arterial wall, joints and skin compared with controls. This suggests a constitutionally determined stiffness of connective tissues in former pre-eclamptic cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. A.Elvan-Taspinar@azu.nl
authors.forename: Ayten
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elvan-Taşpinar
authors.forename: Michiel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bots
authors.forename: Arie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franx
authors.forename: Hein W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Bruinse
authors.forename: Raoul H H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Engelbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001158:Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007596:Joints / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000503:physiopathology*