title: Growth factors in inflammatory bowel disease: the actions and interactions of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I.
abstract: Multiple growth hormones (GHs) and factors are relevant to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to their trophic effects on epithelial cells to promote mucosal integrity, renewal, and repair, on mesenchymal cells to promote wound healing, and on intestinal immune cells to modulate inflammation. The anabolic effects of GHs and factors outside the intestine are relevant to minimizing nutritional insufficiency, catabolic state, and the inability to maintain body weight due to inflammation-induced malabsorption. GHs and factors can, however, have a dual role, whereby trophic effects can be beneficial but, if excessive, can promote complications including the increased risk of intestinal tumors/adenocarcinoma and fibrosis. This review focuses on GH and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), for which evidence suggests such a dual role may exist. The actions of GH and IGF-I on the healthy intestine are compared with effects during intestinal inflammation or associated complications. Interactions between these growth factors and others relevant to IBD are considered. The role of the newly discovered suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins, which may dictate the balance between beneficial and excessive actions of GH and IGF-I, is also addressed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA. arianne_theiss@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Arianne L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Theiss
authors.forename: Shira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fruchtman
authors.forename: P Kay
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lund
mesh_terms: D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects; D004347:Drug Interactions; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I