title: Life-years gained from modern cardiological treatments and population risk factor changes in England and Wales, 1981-2000.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We estimated life-years gained from cardiological treatments and cardiovascular risk factor changes in England and Wales between 1981 and 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the IMPACT model to integrate data on the number of coronary heart disease patients, treatment uptake and effectiveness, risk factor trends, and median survival in coronary heart disease patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with 1981, there were 68230 fewer coronary deaths in 2000. Approximately 925415 life-years were gained among people aged 25-84 years (range: 745 195-1 138 655). Cardiological treatments for patients accounted for approximately 194145 life-years gained (range: 142505-259225), and population risk factor changes accounted for approximately 731270 life-years gained (range; 602695-879430).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modest reductions in major risk factors led to gains in life-years 4 times higher than did cardiological treatments. Effective policies to promote healthy diets and physical activity might achieve even greater gains.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey. belgin.unal@deu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Belgin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Critchley
authors.forename: Dogan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fidan
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capewell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014852:Wales / Q000453:epidemiology