title: A review of perineal skin care protocols and skin barrier product use.
abstract: Perineal skin damage secondary to incontinence is painful, prevalent, and preventable. Skin care professionals consider regular application of skin protectants for patients with incontinence the standard of care for preventing perineal skin injury secondary to incontinence. Although protocols to improve care exist, the extent to which they are implemented and followed has not been documented. A study was conducted to ascertain the extent to which perineal skin care protocols are consistent with Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society Clinical Practice Guidelines and to estimate the level of compliance related to the use of protective perineal skin barriers. A convenience sample of 76 perineal skin care protocols was obtained from acute care (n = 55), long-term care (n = 9), and nondisclosed types of extended care facilities (n = 12). All protocol interventions were compared to the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses guidelines. Healthcare Products Information Services data were used to obtain the total amount of skin protectants sold to US healthcare facilities in 2002. Skin protectant use was compared to previously published urinary and fecal (urofecal) incontinence prevalence data. All 76 protocols lacked one or more of the interventions considered important in perineal skin care. Although 75% of the protocols included the use of skin protectants, Healthcare Products Information Services data and urofecal prevalence data suggest underutilization of skin protectants; an estimated 10 cents per day versus an anticipated average cost of 23.5 cents per application is being spent. Further study is warranted and necessary to ensure the application of evidence-based protocols of care in practice.
authors.affiliation: Wound and Skin Program, Regency Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, USA. dnix@mn.rr.com
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nix
authors.forename: Joann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ermer-Seltun
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003872:Dermatitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003879:Dermatologic Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000150:complications* / Q000451:nursing; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D010502:Perineum; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017592:Skin Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000150:complications* / Q000451:nursing
chemical_list: D003879:Dermatologic Agents