title: Purification and characterization of Manduca sexta prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase-1, an enzyme involved in insect immune responses.
abstract: Early on, we reported the partial purification of prophenoloxidase-activating proteinase-1 (PAP-1) from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (1998) 12220]. PAP-1 requires an auxiliary factor for generating active phenoloxidase (PO) [Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 33 (2003) 197; Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 34 (2004) 731]. To further characterize their roles in the proteolytic activation of prophenoloxidase (proPO), we purified PAP-1 to near homogeneity by hydroxylapatite, dextran sulfate, gel filtration, and lectin affinity chromatography. With 2.4 x 10(3)-fold purification and 20% yield, we obtained 63 microg PAP-1 from about 120 M. sexta prepupal cuticles (approximately 400 g). The purified glycoprotein (Mr=39,810+/-20; pI=5.6) had the highest amidase activity at pH 8.0 and a low salt concentration. The optimal conditions for proPO activation by PAP-1 and SPHs were: pH 8.0-8.4, PAP:SPH=1.5:1, and 0-10 degrees C for 40-50 min. While PAP-1 and SPHs are reasonably heat stable, PO activity generated after 1h incubation was lower at 20 or 30 degrees C than 0-10 degrees C because activated PO was unstable at a higher temperature. The KMs of PAP-1 toward IEARpNA and proPO were 201+/-18 microM and 16.6+/-3.0 microg/ml, respectively, and the absence of SPHs did not significantly affect KM for the synthetic substrate. PO activity and proPO cleavage were reduced in reaction mixtures containing the same amounts of proPO, PAP-1, and SPHs but increasing concentrations of NaCl. Ionic strength of the reaction buffer may reduce proPO-PAP-SPH interactions, proPO processing, and PO assembly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
authors.forename: Snehalata
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Haobo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000737:chemistry; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D007814:Larva; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D018402:Manduca / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016622:Silver Staining; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002712:Chlorides; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D037102:Lectins; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; C000612141:REG3A protein, human; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases