title: Combined effects of selected Penicillium mycotoxins on in vitro proliferation of porcine lymphocytes.
abstract: The in vitro effect of combinations of the Penicillium mycotoxins citrinin (CIT), cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), ochratoxin A (OTA), patulin (PAT), penicillic acid (PIA) and roquefortine C (RQC) on mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation was determined using purified lymphocytes from six piglets. Dose-response curves for each mycotoxin and mycotoxin combinations were generated. The combined effects of toxin pairs based on IC20 were illustrated in isobole diagrams and statistically calculated. OTA and CIT elicited a synergistic effect. Four toxin pairs elicited additive effects, four pairs less-than-additive effects and six pairs independent effects. Thus, the majority of toxin pairs tested produced lower combined effects than an additive effect. The results indicate that the sum effect of all toxins is less than that from the summation of concentrations of the individual compounds, adjusted for differences in potencies.
authors.affiliation: National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 8156 Dep., N-0033, Oslo, Norway. aksel.bernhoft@vetinst.no
authors.forename: Aksel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernhoft
authors.forename: Modestas
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keblys
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Hans Jørgen S
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flåøyen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002953:Citrinin / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D007211:Indoles / Q000633:toxicity; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000633:toxicity*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D010365:Patulin / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000633:toxicity; D010407:Penicillium / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D002953:Citrinin; D010365:Patulin; C000543:cyclopiazonic acid