title: A comprehensive survey of the Plasmodium life cycle by genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses.
abstract: Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium chabaudi are widely used model malaria species. Comparison of their genomes, integrated with proteomic and microarray data, with the genomes of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii revealed a conserved core of 4500 Plasmodium genes in the central regions of the 14 chromosomes and highlighted genes evolving rapidly because of stage-specific selective pressures. Four strategies for gene expression are apparent during the parasites' life cycle: (i) housekeeping; (ii) host-related; (iii) strategy-specific related to invasion, asexual replication, and sexual development; and (iv) stage-specific. We observed posttranscriptional gene silencing through translational repression of messenger RNA during sexual development, and a 47-base 3' untranslated region motif is implicated in this process.
authors.affiliation: Pathogen Sequencing Unit, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. nhall@tigr.org
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karras
authors.forename: J Dale
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Raine
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carlton
authors.forename: Taco W A
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kooij
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berriman
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Florens
authors.forename: Christoph S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Arnab
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pain
authors.forename: Georges K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Christophides
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rutherford
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Churcher
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Quail
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ormond
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doggett
authors.forename: Holly E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Trueman
authors.forename: Jacqui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Shelby L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bidwell
authors.forename: Marie-Adele
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rajandream
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Carucci
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Fotis C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Kafatos
authors.forename: Chris J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Janse
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barrell
authors.forename: C Michael R
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sinden
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000469:parasitology; D019295:Computational Biology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020868:Gene Silencing; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D018503:Genome, Protozoan; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D008288:Malaria / Q000469:parasitology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010961:Plasmodium / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D010962:Plasmodium berghei / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D016788:Plasmodium chabaudi / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D010967:Plasmodium yoelii / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016053:RNA, Protozoan / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020543:Proteome; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016053:RNA, Protozoan