title: Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions, and chemical reagents.
abstract: The efficacy of several povidone-iodine (PVP-I) products, a number of other chemical agents, and various physical conditions were evaluated for their ability to inactivate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Treatment of SARS-CoV with PVP-I products for 2 min reduced the virus infectivity from 1.17 x 10(6) TCID50/ml to below the detectable level. The efficacy of 70% ethanol was equivalent to that of PVP-I products. Fixation of SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells with a fixative including formalin, glutaraldehyde, methanol, and acetone for 5 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Heating the virus at 56 degrees C for 5 min dramatically reduced the infectivity of the virus from 2.6 x 10(7) to 40 TCID50/ml, whereas heating the virus for 60 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Irradiation with ultraviolet light at 134 microW/cm2 for 15 min reduced the infectivity from 3.8 x 10(7) to 180 TCID50/ml; however, prolonged irradiation (60 min) failed to eliminate the remaining virus, leaving 18.8 TCID50/ml. We believe that these findings will be useful for the implementation of infection control measures against SARS, and for the establishment of effective guidelines for the prevention of SARS outbreaks.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kariwa
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takashima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005404:Fixatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000821:virology; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D005404:Fixatives; D000431:Ethanol; D011206:Povidone-Iodine