title: Pancreatic ischemia associated with vasospasm in the early phase of human acute necrotizing pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The angiographic appearance of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) demonstrates ischemic change with vasospasm in and around the pancreas. We investigated the role of vasospasm in pancreatic ischemia and necrosis in the early phase of human ANP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationship between the angiographic abnormalities and the perfusion status of the pancreas documented by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) was examined in 102 patients with ANP who were admitted during the early phase of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ischemic change with vasospasm on angiography of the intrapancreatic and extrapancreatic arteries was observed and corresponded with the poorly perfused area of the pancreas detected by CE-CT done at admission. Resultant pancreatic necrosis was confirmed on follow-up CE-CT examination consistent with the location where angiography demonstrated ischemic change with vasospasm. Severe ischemic change on angiography was primarily observed in patients in whom more than 50% of the pancreas was poorly perfused. The extent of the ischemic change was correlated with the extent of the poorly perfused area of the pancreas and the mortality rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that vasospasm is involved in the development of pancreatic ischemia and necrosis in the early phase of ANP.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. kktakeda@surg1.med.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunamura
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masamune
authors.forename: Seiki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuno
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D002648:Child; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D010179:Pancreas / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014661:Vasoconstriction