title: Radiographic, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomographic, and rhinoscopic features of nasal aspergillosis in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine radiographic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and rhinoscopic features of nasal aspergillosis in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 client-owned dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  All dogs had clinical signs of chronic nasal disease; the diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis was made on the basis of positive results for at least 2 diagnostic tests (serology, cytology, histology, or fungal culture) and detection of typical intrasinusal and intranasal fungal colonies and turbinate destruction via rhinoscopy. Radiography, MRI, and CT were performed under general anesthesia. Rhinoscopy was repeated to evaluate lesions and initiate treatment. Findings of radiography, MRI, CT, and rhinoscopy were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRI and CT revealed lesions suggestive of nasal aspergillosis more frequently than did radiography. Computed tomography was the best technique for detection of cortical bone lesions; the nature of abnormal soft tissue, however, could not be identified. Magnetic resonance imaging allowed evaluation of lesions of the frontal bone and was especially useful for differentiating between a thickened mucosa and secretions or fungal colonies; however, fungal colonies could not be differentiated from secretions. Rhinoscopy allowed identification of the nature of intranasal and intrasinusal soft tissue but was not as useful as CT and MRI for defining the extent of lesions and provided no information regarding bone lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The value of CT and MRI for diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis was similar and greater than that of radiography. Rhinoscopy is necessary because it is the only technique that allows direct visualization of fungal colonies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jimmy H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clercx
authors.forename: Frédéric R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Snaps
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Duchateau
authors.forename: Henri J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van Bree
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Dondelinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D009668:Nose Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary