title: Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, rosiglitazone, on dedifferentiated thyroid cancers.
abstract: METHODS
  As genetic alterations in the gene for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) have been described and PPAR agonists have been shown to redifferentiate thyroid cancers in animal models, we performed a pilot study in five patients with thyroglobulin-positive and I scan-negative thyroid cancers using the PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although thyroglobulin levels increased in four of the five patients after 3 months of treatment with rosiglitazone, the I scan remained negative in four patients and became only faintly positive in one patient for two lung metastases that could be correlated with metabolically active lung metastases shown by F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG PET) and by computed tomography (CT). F-FDG PET, performed in four patients, revealed metastases of significant size in two patients, including the patient mentioned above and in a second patient confirmed by surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with rosiglitazone increased the production of thyroglobulin in some patients with thyroid cancers, but only rarely restored scintigraphically significant iodine trapping. It remains to be shown whether longer treatment periods might result in a more efficient redifferentiating effect.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine bDivision of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Philips
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Petite
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Willi
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Buchegger
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Meier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000097:blood; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D013954:Thyroglobulin