title: Ductoscopy-assisted microdochectomy.
abstract: Until 10 years ago, examination of the ductal system of the breast required excision of all the major ducts, in a block of tissue. With mammary ductoscopy, direct visualization of the ducts in vivo has been possible. In the present series of 40 cases, ductoscopy was used to guide the infusion of methylene blue dye, through the endoscope, to find the index duct, which is then removed through a small incision just inside the areola.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery-Breast Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Pedro F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Escobar
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Baynes
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Crowe
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D006801:Humans; D008751:Methylene Blue; D009558:Nipples / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D008751:Methylene Blue