title: Application of single drop microextraction for analysis of chemical warfare agents and related compounds in water by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
abstract: Retrospective detection and identification of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is important from the verification point of view of the Chemical Weapons Convention. In the present work, a novel method for determination of CWAs and their markers in water has been described. It is based on a single drop micro extraction (SDME) of analytes and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric identification. Extraction conditions, such as solvent selection, agitation, extraction time, and salt content, were found to have significant influence on SDME. The conditions optimized for extraction of CWAs were 1 microL CH2Cl2/CCl4 (3:1 v/v), 30-min extraction time, 300-rpm stirring rate, and with or without NaCl addition. Under optimized conditions, comparison of SDME, solid-phase microextraction, and liquid-liquid extraction was also made. The limit of detection by SDME ranged from 75 to 10 microg L(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 10:1.
authors.affiliation: Vertox Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.
authors.forename: Meehir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palit
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pardasani
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Dubey
mesh_terms: D053000:Analytic Sample Preparation Methods / Q000379:methods*; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D052617:Solid Phase Microextraction; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002619:Chemical Warfare Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008752:Methylene Chloride; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride