title: The relative kicking frequency of infants born full-term and preterm during learning and short-term and long-term memory periods of the mobile paradigm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Infants born preterm differ in their spontaneous kicking, as well as their learning and memory abilities in the mobile paradigm, compared with infants born full-term. In the mobile paradigm, a supine infant's ankle is tethered to a mobile so that leg kicks cause a proportional amount of mobile movement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative kicking frequency of the tethered (right) and nontethered (left) legs in these 2 groups of infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten infants born full-term and 10 infants born preterm (<33 weeks gestational age, <2,500 g) and 10 comparison infants participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relative kicking frequencies of the tethered and nontethered legs were analyzed during learning and short-term and long-term memory periods of the mobile paradigm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infants born full-term showed an increase in the relative kicking frequency of the tethered leg during the learning period and the short-term memory period but not for the long-term memory period. Infants born preterm did not show a change in kicking pattern for learning or memory periods, and consistently kicked both legs in relatively equal amounts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Infants born full-term adapted their baseline kicking frequencies in a task-specific manner to move the mobile and then retained this adaptation for the short-term memory period. In contrast, infants born preterm showed no adaptation, suggesting a lack of purposeful leg control. This lack of control may reflect a general decrease in the ability of infants born preterm to use their limb movements to interact with their environment. As such, the mobile paradigm may be clinically useful in the early assessment and intervention of infants born preterm and at risk for future impairment.
authors.affiliation: University of Delaware, 301 McKinly Lab, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
authors.forename: Jill C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Heathcock
authors.forename: Anjana N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lobo
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Galloway
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018730:Infant Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D007866:Leg / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology