title: A review of recent findings involving interleukin-2-based cancer therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Highlighted in this review are the important preclinical and clinical updates of interleukin (IL)-2-based cancer immunotherapy that have been published during the last year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The review starts with a summary of the preclinical breakthroughs involving IL-2. The authors briefly examine two recent studies that take very different approaches to overcome the toxicities associated with IL-2 therapy. The first involves IL-2 gene transduction into tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and the latter discusses the use of a superoxide dismutase mimetic to ameliorate the hypotensive effects of IL-2. This is followed by a discussion of the key roles that T regulatory cells and transforming growth factor-beta have in immunosuppression, and how they interplay with IL-2. Next they review the clinical updates of IL-2 in melanoma, including IL-2 as adjuvant therapy, IL-2-based biochemotherapy, and intralesional IL-2 for soft-tissue metastases. Finally, the authors point out the recent clinical developments of IL-2 in renal cell carcinoma, including high-dose IL-2 as adjuvant therapy, and then focus on its role in the management of metastatic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-2 remains a valuable treatment option for patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. Some of the recent updates in IL-2 therapy address important questions regarding the use of this drug, and others generate equally important hypotheses that could lead to better clinical outcomes in the future.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Eklund
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Kuzel
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2