title: Life and death decisions: ceramide generation and EGF receptor trafficking are modulated by oxidative stress.
abstract: Reactive oxidants are associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases and affect various cell functions, from proliferation to apoptosis. We have shown that oxidants exert growth control on airway epithelial cells by modulating upstream receptor function. Additionally, hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress modulates ceramide levels to induce apoptosis in lung epithelium. Depletion of glutathione in lung epithelial cells results in ceramide accumulation, suggesting that ceramide elevation, coupled to oxidative stress, initiates apoptosis. While it is desirable to prevent cell death and tissue injury induced by oxidants in diseases such as asthma or acute respiratory distress syndrome, the opposite is sought in cancer. But oxidants may also activate growth factor receptors, enhancing cell proliferation and facilitating tumor promotion. Under oxidative stress, phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is abrogated at tyrosine 1,045, the docking site for the ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl, rendering EGFR unable to recruit c-Cbl and be ubiquitylated and degraded. We thus proposed that this deficiency, which confers prolonged receptor signaling at the plasma membrane, links oxidative stress, EGFR, and tumorigenesis. Decoding the molecular interactions between oxidative stress and ceramide pathways and characterizing ubiquitylation control of receptor desensitization should provide new strategies for intervention in diverse pulmonary diseases and in diagnosing and eradicating cancer.
authors.affiliation: Signal Transduction, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ttgoldkorn@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Tzipora
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goldkorn
authors.forename: Tommer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ravid
authors.forename: Elaine M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D001665:Binding Sites; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D008024:Ligands; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010766:Phosphorylation; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002518:Ceramides; D008024:Ligands; D016877:Oxidants; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D025801:Ubiquitin; D014443:Tyrosine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D050721:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-cbl; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex