title: Selective inactivation of a Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD)-dependent apoptosis and autophagy pathway in immortal epithelial cells.
abstract: Although evasion of apoptosis is thought to be required for the development of cancer, it is unclear which cell death pathways are evaded. We previously identified a novel epithelial cell death pathway that works in normal cells but is inactivated in tumor cells, implying that it may be targeted during tumor development. The pathway can be activated by the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) of the adaptor protein but is distinct from the known mechanism of FADD-induced apoptosis through caspase-8. Here, we show that a physiological signal (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) can kill normal epithelial cells through the endogenous FADD protein by using the novel FADD death domain pathway, which activates both apoptosis and autophagy. We also show that selective resistance to this pathway occurs when primary epithelial cells are immortalized and that this occurs through a mechanism that is independent of known events (telomerase activity, and loss of function of p53, Rb, INK4a, and ARF) that are associated with immortalization. These data identify a novel cell death pathway that combines apoptosis and autophagy and that is selectively inactivated at the earliest stages of epithelial cancer development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thorburn
authors.forename: Franklin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Anuradha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Wendy W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.forename: Lance R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Ken W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Scott D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thorburn
mesh_terms: D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000737:chemistry; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001343:Autophagy; D001940:Breast / Q000378:metabolism; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology; D053181:Caspase 8; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D016923:Cell Death; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C505533:FADD protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; C505530:CASP8 protein, human; D053181:Caspase 8; D020169:Caspases; D020727:ADP-Ribosylation Factors