title: TNF-alpha, TGF-beta1, IL-10, IL-6, gene polymorphisms in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: Abundant evidence suggests that cytokines involve in the pathogenesis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). This is a slowly progressive form of type 1 diabetes, which is initially diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. In this study, healthy individuals LADA and type 2 diabetic patients were genotyped for IL-6-174G/C, TNF-alpha-308A/G, TGF-beta1-codon10T/C, TGF-beta1-codon25G/C, IL-10-1082A/G, IL-10-819T/C, IL-10-592A/C gene polymorphisms, by sequence-specific-primer polymerase chain reaction methodology. A significant difference in the frequencies of -1082A/G IL-10 alleles was observed, with the -1082*A allele (known to be associated with low IL-10 production), predominating in LADA diabetics than type 2 diabetics (p=0.036). No significant differences of genotypes, phenotypes, or haplotype frequencies in the remaining cytokine polymorphisms were observed. Analysis of allele combinations revealed a significant involvement of the low and high in vitro production IL-10 alleles in the development of LADA and type 2 diabetes, respectively. These results suggest that the G/A mutation at position -1082 of IL-10 promoter gene region might be one of the factors participating to the pathogenesis of LADA diabetes and that identification of cytokine gene polymorphisms might contribute to the characterization of the different types of diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Molecular Immunopathology and Histocompatibility Laboratory, 356 Sygrou Avenue, Athens 17674, Greece. tsiavounat@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsiavou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hatziagelaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaidaroglou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manginas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koniavitou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Degiannis
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Raptis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10