title: Allergen immunotherapy with heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes alleviates peanut and food-induced anaphylaxis in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKL) potently stimulates interferon (IFN)-gamma production in CD4 T-lymphocytes, and when used as adjuvant for immunotherapy, reduces immunoglobulin (Ig)E production and reverses established allergen-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in a murine model of asthma. We asked if such treatment could decrease established peanut-induced anaphylaxis or cow's milk-induced food allergy in highly food-allergic dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We therefore studied four 4-year-old atopic colony dogs extremely allergic to peanut (Group I), as well as five 7-year-old dogs very allergic to wheat, milk and other foods (Group II). All dogs experienced marked allergic symptoms, including vomiting and diarrhea on oral challenge with the relevant foods. The dogs were then vaccinated once subcutaneously with peanut or milk and wheat with HKL emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following vaccination of the allergic dogs with HKL and allergen, oral challenges with peanut (Group I) or milk (Group II) elicited only minor or no symptoms. In addition, skin test end-point titrations showed marked reductions for >10 weeks after treatment, and levels of Ara h 1-specific IgE in serum of peanut sensitive dogs, as demonstrated by immunoblotting, were greatly reduced by treatment with HKL plus peanut allergen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, HKL plus allergen treatment markedly improved established food allergic responses in dogs, suggesting that such an immunotherapy strategy in humans might greatly improve individuals with food allergy and anaphylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Frick
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Teuber
authors.forename: B B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morigasaki
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Umetsu
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005512:Food Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000276:immunology*; D016269:Milk Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology; D021183:Peanut Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D021182:Wheat Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated