title: The impact of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor on disease progression after prostatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors examined the impact of the number of CAG repeats in exon 1 of the androgen receptor on disease progression among men with prostate carcinoma after prostatectomy. This polymorphism has been associated with alterations in activity of the androgen receptor in in vitro systems and with the risk of clinically diagnosed prostate carcinoma in some epidemiologic studies. An earlier series found that, among men at low risk of progressive disease, a small number of CAG repeats predicted a high risk of recurrence, and the impact of CAG repeats varied among men with different risks of progressive disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors analyzed specimens from a large clinical series of fixed tissue specimens from men who underwent prostatectomy at a single institution, including 413 American white men (WM) and 298 African-American men (AAM), with 5-10 years of available clinical follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was little association between the number of CAG repeats and extent of disease, Gleason score, and preoperative PSA level at diagnosis. Overall, patients who had > 18 CAG repeats had a greater risk of recurrence compared with patients who had </= 18 CAG repeats (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.52; P = 0.03). Excess risk was not found among men who were at low risk of recurrence (HR = 0.93; P = 0.96); however, among men who were at high risk of recurrence, the risk elevated for WM (HR = 1.75; P = 0.28), AAM (HR = 1.49; P = 0.06), and both races combined (HR = 1.53; P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, men with prostate carcinoma who had > 18 CAG repeats had an estimated 52% increased risk of disease recurrence. The increased risk could be attributed to men who were at high risk of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: Isaac J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Land
authors.forename: Jyotirmoy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dey
authors.forename: Lance K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Heilbrun
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Wael
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sakr
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Everson
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics*; D003596:Cytosine; D018450:Disease Progression; D005091:Exons; D005838:Genotype; D006147:Guanine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen; D006147:Guanine; D003596:Cytosine; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D000225:Adenine