title: A real-time 3-dimensional digital Doppler method for measurement of flow rate and volume through mitral valve in children: a validation study compared with magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: We developed and assessed a real-time 3-dimensional (3D) digital Doppler method for measurement of flow volumes through the mitral valve in children. A total of 13 children (aged 10.46 +/- 2.5 years; 8 boys/5 girls) were enrolled. An ultrasound system (Sonos 7500, Philips, Andover, Mass) was used to acquire raw 3D velocity data for flow measurement based on Gaussian control surface theorem [flow (mL/s) = mean velocity x flow area]. Stroke volume (SV) measured by real-time 3D digital Doppler with the control surface at the mitral valve annulus or orifice was compared with the SV by phase velocity cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the ascending aorta and by left ventricular volumetric MRI measurement. The best correlation and agreement were seen at the mitral valve orifice by real-time 3D digital Doppler compared with SV by phase velocity cine MRI at the ascending aorta (r = 0.92, mean difference = -5.2 +/- 12.0 mL) and SV by left ventricular volumetric MRI measurement (r = 0.94, mean difference = -0.2 +/- 10.3 mL).
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Iowa, USA. sxge@TexasChildrensHospital.org
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Honghai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schelbert
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Disterhoft
authors.forename: Xiangning
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiaokui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sahn
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stolpen
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sonka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013318:Stroke Volume