title: Combinatorial control of the bradykinin B2 receptor promoter by p53, CREB, KLF-4, and CBP: implications for terminal nephron differentiation.
abstract: Despite a wealth of knowledge regarding the early steps of epithelial differentiation, little is known about the mechanisms responsible for terminal nephron differentiation. The bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R) regulates renal function and integrity, and its expression is induced during terminal nephron differentiation. This study investigates the transcriptional regulation of the B2R during kidney development. The rat B2R 5'-flanking region has a highly conserved cis-acting enhancer in the proximal promoter consisting of contiguous binding sites for the transcription factors cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), p53, and Kruppel-like factor (KLF-4). The B2R enhancer drives reporter gene expression in inner medullary collecting duct-3 cells but is considerably weaker in other cell types. Site-directed mutagenesis and expression of dominant negative mutants demonstrated the requirement of CREB DNA binding and Ser-133 phosphorylation for optimal enhancer function. Moreover, helical phasing experiments showed that disruption of the spatial organization of the enhancer inhibits B2R promoter activity. Several lines of evidence indicate that cooperative interactions among the three transcription factors occur in vivo during terminal nephron differentiation: 1) CREB, p53, and KLF-4 are coexpressed in B2R-positive differentiating cells; 2) the maturational expression of B2R correlates with CREB/p53/KLF-4 DNA-binding activity; 3) assembly of CREB, p53, and KLF-4 on chromatin at the endogenous B2R promoter is developmentally regulated and is accompanied by CBP recruitment and histone hyperacetylation; and 4) CREB and p53 occupancy of the B2R enhancer is cooperative. These results demonstrate that combinatorial interactions among the transcription factors, CREB, p53, and KLF-4, and the coactivator CBP, may be critical for the regulation of B2R gene expression during terminal nephron differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Zubaida
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Saifudeen
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dipp
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Samir S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: El-Dahr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009399:Nephrons / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C000715467:KLF4 protein, human; C000715469:Klf4 protein, rat; D000090062:Kruppel-Like Factor 4; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D050882:CREB-Binding Protein; C494363:CREBBP protein, human; C494365:Crebbp protein, rat