title: Geriatric depression treatment in nonresponders to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Up to a third of elderly patients with major depressive disorder are treatment resistant, yet little objective evidence is available to guide the clinician in managing these patients. We report here our experience with elderly subjects with prospectively defined treatment-resistant depression in 2 separate research studies: one entailing an augmentation strategy, the other a change to venlafaxine extended release (XR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three elderly subjects with major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria who failed treatment with paroxetine plus interpersonal psychotherapy received 1 to 3 trials of augmentation with bupropion sustained release, nortriptyline, or lithium. Successively fewer subjects entered each sequential trial of augmentation. Twelve subjects subsequently received venlafaxine XR monotherapy. Response to treatment was defined as a 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of < 10 for 3 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty percent of subjects (N = 32) responded to some form of augmentation, with 45% (24/53), 31% (5/16), and 43% (3/7) responding to the first, second, and third augmentation trials, respectively. The mean time to response after starting the first augmentation trial was 6.0 (SD = 5.8) weeks. Forty-two percent (N = 5) of the venlafaxine XR-treated subjects responded with the mean time to response of 6.4 (SE = 0.9) weeks. Adverse effects leading to treatment discontinuation and falls were more common in the augmentation subjects than in the venlafaxine XR subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed similar rates and speed of response with an augmentation strategy and a strategy of switching to venlafaxine XR in elderly subjects with prospectively defined treatment-resistant major depressive disorder. Venlafaxine XR was generally better tolerated than the augmentation strategies. Further investigation of venlafaxine XR as a preferred strategy for treatment-resistant geriatric depression is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. whyteem@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Basinski
authors.forename: Panthea
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Farhi
authors.forename: Mary Amanda
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Dew
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Begley
authors.forename: Benoit H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mulsant
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016642:Bupropion / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009661:Nortriptyline / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011613:Psychotherapy; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
chemical_list: D018687:Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D016642:Bupropion; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008094:Lithium; D009661:Nortriptyline; D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D000069470:Venlafaxine Hydrochloride