Diagnostic parameters for monitoring peri-implant conditions.
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature on clinical, radiographic, and biochemical parameters used for monitoring peri-implant conditions.


METHODS
A MEDLINE search was conducted that included articles published in English until the end of August 2003. Results from human and experimental animal studies are presented.


RESULTS
The parameters that may be used to assess the presence of peri-implant health and the severity of peri-implant disease include plaque assessment, mucosal conditions, peri-implant probing depth, width of the peri-implant keratinized mucosa, periimplant sulcus fluid analysis, suppuration, implant mobility and discomfort, resonance frequency analysis, and radiographic evaluation.


CONCLUSIONS
Based on the analysis of the available evidence, it appears reasonable to use a number of clinical and radiographic parameters to discriminate between peri-implant health and disease.


CONCLUSIONS
Systematic and continuous monitoring of peri-implant tissues during maintenance care is recommended for the early diagnosis of peri-implant disease.
Salvi
Giovanni E
GE
Department of Periodontology and Fixed Prosthodontics, University of Berne, School of Dental Medicine, Berne, Switzerland. giovanni.salvi@zmk.unibe.ch
Lang
Niklaus P
NP
D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000009:adverse effects; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D017268:Dental Prosthesis Retention; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D006801:Humans; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D016348:Osseointegration; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D011859:Radiography; D014732:Vibration
D015921:Dental Implants