title: Nasopharyngeal aerobic bacterial flora and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in deaf children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the nasopharyngeal aerobic bacterial flora and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in deaf children and the role of flora in deafness.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasopharyngeal and nasal swabs were collected from 87 deaf children with acquired etiology at Zonguldak primary school for the deaf and 56 healthy children. The children with genetic base (syndromic or nonsyndromic, familial or sporadic, AD, AR or X-linked recessive), and also with the history of drug exposure, head trauma, birth trauma, prematurity, hyperbilirubinemia and the viral diseases with high fever (like mumps and measles) were excluded from the study. Swabs were inoculated on to a variety of bacteriological culture media, which were then incubated in an appropriate atmosphere. Colonisation of Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria menengitidis, Moraxella catarrhalis and S. aureus in upper respiratory tract were investigated. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates were determined according to National committee for clinical laboratory standards (NCCLS) guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although, the rates of colonization of the nasopharyngeal aerobic bacteria and nasal S. aureus did not differ significantly between deaf children and normal healthy subjects, less colonization rates were found in deaf children than normal healthy subjects. S. aureus was isolated from 18 (20.7%) deaf children. All S. aureus isolates from deaf children were susceptible to oxacillin. Penicillin susceptibility rate was 22.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is considered that nasopharyngeal and nasal colonizations of deaf children with potentially pathogenic aerobic bacterial flora is not a significant risk factor for acquired infections when compared with healthy children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Duzce Faculty of Medicine, University of Abant Izzet Baysal, AIBU, Düzce Tip Fakültesi KBB AD, 81620, Konuralp, Duzce, Turkey. ugurharputlouglu@hotamail.com
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Harputluoglu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Egeli
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oghan
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozturk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D003638:Deafness / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification*