title: Musculoskeletal tissue banking in Singapore: 15 years of experience (1988-2003).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report 15 years' experience of musculoskeletal tissue banking by the National University Hospital Tissue Bank.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study describes the development of Singapore's national bone bank since its establishment in 1988. The bone bank's protocol follows guidelines recommended by the American Association of Tissue Banks and the European Association of Tissue Banks using strict donor selection criteria. Informed consent is obtained from all potential donors for tissue procurement and laboratory tests. Detailed medical history, thorough clinical examination, and chart review is performed for consenting donors. Suitable donors are subjected to tests for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, and culture/sensitivity test of tissue for aerobic and anaerobic organisms. For living donors, repeat testing for AIDS and hepatitis C is performed at least 180 days after procurement. Tissue procurement is performed under sterile conditions. Small tissues are procured using the 'sterile double jar technique' and long bones using the 'sterile triple wrap technique', both developed by the author. Deep-frozen bones are gamma irradiated at 25 kilograys. Morsellised bones are lyophilised and gamma irradiated. Meticulous preparation for grafts is performed during transplantation. Antibiotic prophylaxis is used for 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bank maintains a good quality control. In January 2003, it was accredited ISO 9001 status. Up to June 2003, it has procured 440 bones from 440 living donors and 1055 allografts from 63 deceased donors. 854 musculoskeletal transplantations have been performed using tissues processed by the bank. Complication rate encountered was only 2.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tissue bank provides high-quality allografts for safe tissue transplantations.
authors.affiliation: National University Hospital Tissue Bank, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore. dosnathe@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nather
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D012846:Singapore; D014015:Tissue Banks / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000592:standards; D016378:Tissue Transplantation; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards