title: Valproic acid intoxication: sense and non-sense of haemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Valproic acid is increasingly used in the treatment of epilepsy, and also prescribed for bipolar affective disorders, schizoaffective disorders, schizophrenia and migraine prophylaxis. We describe two case reports involving valproic acid intoxication with ingestion of ethanol.
  
  
  METHODS
  One patient was treated by supportive care, one patient received haemodialysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From analysis of plasma concentrations before and during haemodialysis (pre- and post-filter) it is shown that valproic acid can be effectively eliminated by haemodialysis when plasma levels are way above 100 microg/ml. In the literature, plasma protein binding is reported to be around 90% for levels within the therapeutic range. In our patient plasma protein binding was around 50% after treatment with haemodialysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings make haemodialysis in valproic acid intoxication a sensible therapeutic option with increasing efficiency when plasma concentration is high. Furthermore our findings suggest that lowering valproic acid concentrations to a therapeutic level by haemodialysis does not necessarily result in an immediate, simultaneous increase in plasma protein binding of valproic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Leeuwarden Medical Centre, PO Box 888, 8901 BR Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Meek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Broekroelofs
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Yska
authors.forename: P H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Egbers
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Boerma
authors.forename: P H J
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: van der Voort
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000628:therapy*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D017583:Hemodiafiltration; D006464:Hemoperfusion; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D014635:Valproic Acid