title: [Latent autoimmune (Type-1) diabetes mellitus in adults. Part. I. Serologic markers of autoimmune involvement of pancreatic beta-cells: GADA, ICA, IA-2 a IA-A].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of markers of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells (AIDbeta) in patients classified initially as Type-2 diabetes mellitus (Type-2 DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  250 patients subdivided according to the: 1. BMI and C-peptide, 2. type of treatment. Measured parameters: age, BMI, C-peptide, autoantibodies directed against: glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), islet cells (ICA), thyrosinphosphatase (IA-2) and insulin (IA-A).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GADA (and other AIDbeta markers) positivity varied from < 5% in patients with overweight/obesity (> 27 kg.m(-2)) and normal/increased C-peptide (> 0.32 nmol/l) to > 30% in non-obese patients with low C-peptide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proportion of diabetics classified initially as having Type-2DM have had in fact slowly evolving autoimmune (Type-1) diabetes mellitus (LADA). In some patients both AID and insulin resistance may coexist in parallel. Pitfalls in interpretation of results of GADA, such as border positivity and similar, are discussed.
authors.affiliation: I. interná klinika, JLF UK a MFN, Martin.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ocenásová
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Straková
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mokán
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D007330:Insulin Antibodies; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase