Pharmacologic management of neuropathic pain.
The mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain are complex but are gradually coming to light. Agents that have been found effective in a variety of neuropathic pain conditions include drugs that act to modulate (a) sodium or calcium channels, (b) N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, (c) norepinephrine or serotonin reuptake, (d) opioid receptors, and (e) other cellular processes. Clinical trials have primarily evaluated these treatments for postherpetic neuralgia and painful diabetic neuropathy, the two most common types of neuropathic pain. Nonetheless, the identification of effective treatment regimens remains challenging, often because multiple mechanisms may be operating in a given patient giving rise to the same symptom. Alternatively, a single mechanism may be responsible for multiple symptoms. Currently available diagnostic tools are inadequate to determine the best treatment using a mechanism-based model. Clinically, drug treatment of neuropathic pain is often a matter of treatment trials. This article presents a summary of available clinical information on first-line and lesser-known treatments for neuropathic pain.
Gordon
Debra B
DB
University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, F6/121-1535, Madison, WI 53792, USA. db.gordon@hosp.wisc.edu
Love
Georgette
G
D000700:Analgesics / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024802:Nurse's Role; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000451:nursing; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018579:Patient Selection; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000700:Analgesics; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D015220:Calcium Channels; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D015222:Sodium Channels