title: Effect of general anesthesia on the abnormal immune response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of mental stress on the neuroendocrine-immune system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with RA and 10 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent total knee or hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. The blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble TNF receptors (TNF-Rs) and other substances related to stress were measured just before administering anesthesia on the day of the operation when the patients lay on the operating table and roughly 30 min later when the patients were under general anesthesia without mental stress. These values were compared with those at the same time on the day before the operation, which were considered as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with RA under general anesthesia, the levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 in the peripheral blood were significantly decreased compared with the levels before anesthesia (p < 0.01). Before anesthesia the levels of IL-1Ra in the peripheral blood were significantly higher, and the level of IL-1Ra was enhanced after the administration of general anesthesia, when compared with the level on the day before the operation (p < 0.01). Such changes were not apparent in patients with OA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with RA, excessive mental stress should be eliminated to modify the interaction between the stress-immune system and stress-endocrine system as a method to better control disease activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Disease and Rheumatism, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology* / Q000601:surgery*; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects*; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000097:blood; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D015850:Interleukin-6; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha