title: The global gene expression response of Escherichia coli to L-phenylalanine.
abstract: We investigated the global gene expression changes of Escherichia coli due to the presence of different concentrations of phenylalanine or shikimate in the growth medium. The response to 0.5 g l(-1) phenylalanine primarily reflected a perturbed aromatic amino acid metabolism, in particular due to TyrR-mediated regulation. The addition of 5g l(-1) phenylalanine reduced the growth rate by half and elicited a great number of likely indirect effects on genes regulated in response to changed pH, nitrogen or carbon availability. Consistent with the observed gene expression changes, supplementation with shikimate, tyrosine and tryptophan relieved growth inhibition by phenylalanine. In contrast to the wild-type, a tyrR disruption strain showed increased expression of pckA and of tktB in the presence of phenylalanine, but its growth was not affected by phenylalanine at the concentrations tested. The absence of growth inhibition by phenylalanine suggested that at high phenylalanine concentrations TyrR-defective strains might perform better in phenylalanine production.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Biotechnologie 1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany. t.polen@fz-juelich.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Polen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bongaerts
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wubbolts
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Wendisch
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012765:Shikimic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C069256:TyrR protein, E coli; D012765:Shikimic Acid; D010649:Phenylalanine