Properties of olopatadine hydrochloride, a new antiallergic/antihistaminic drug.
Olopatadine hydrochloride (CAS 140462-76-6, KW-4679, AL-4943A; hereinafter referred to as olopatadine) is a novel antiallergic drug that is a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist possessing inhibitory effects on the release of inflammatory lipid mediators such as leukotriene and thromboxane from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils. Olopatadine also inhibits the tachykininergic contractions in guinea pig bronchi by prejunctional inhibition of peripheral sensory nerves. Oral administration of olopatadine at doses of 0.03 mg/kg or higher reduces the symptoms of experimental allergic cutaneous responses and rhinoconjunctivitis in sensitized animals. Preclinical and clinical evaluations have demonstrated that olopatadine is a safe drug. After oral administration to healthy volunteers, olopatadine was rapidly and extensively absorbed. Unlike most other antiallergic drugs which are eliminated via hepatic metabolism, olopatadine is mainly excreted into urine. Olopatadine did not affect cytochrome P450 activities in human liver microsomes and consequently drug-drug metabolic interactions are unlikely. In double-masked clinical trials, olopatadine was shown to be effective at alleviating symptoms of allergic diseases. The drug (Allelock) was approved in Japan for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, eczema dermatitis, prurigo, cutaneous pruritus, psoriasis vulgaris and erythema exsudativum multiforme in December, 2000. An ophthalmic solution of olopatadine is also useful for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis: this formulation (Patanol) was approved in the USA and the European Union for the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis in 1996 and 2002, respectively.
Ohmori
Kenji
K
Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan. kenji.ohmori@kyowa.co.jp
Hasegawa
Kazuhide
K
Tamura
Tadafumi
T
Miyake
Kiyomi
K
Matsubara
Masahiro
M
Masaki
Shigehiro
S
Karasawa
Akira
A
Urayama
Naoko
N
Horikoshi
Kaori
K
Kajita
Jiro
J
Hasegawa
Masanori
M
Taniguchi
Koji
K
Komada
Toshio
T
Kawamoto
Yuji
Y
D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000188:drug therapy; D003990:Dibenzoxepins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006633:Histamine Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000188:drug therapy; D006255:Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal / Q000188:drug therapy; D014581:Urticaria / Q000188:drug therapy
D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D003990:Dibenzoxepins; D006633:Histamine Antagonists; D000069605:Olopatadine Hydrochloride