title: Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in a llama with a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament.
abstract: A 3-year-old 155-kg (342-lb) castrated male llama was examined because of left hind limb lameness of acute onset. A diagnosis of cranial cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament rupture was made, and tibial plateau leveling osteotomy was recommended. The tibial plateau leveling osteotomy procedure was performed as described for dogs, except that 2 orthopedic plates were used to stabilize the osteotomy because of the size of the llama. The medial collateral ligament was sutured and reinforced with 2 strands of size-2 polypropylene placed in a figure-8 fashion between cancellous bone screws in the femur and tibia. Four days after surgery, failure of the medial collateral ligament repair was evident. Approximately 3.5 years after surgery, the llama was reexamined. The owners reported that the llama had full use of its left hind limb, and only mild lameness (grade 1 of 5) was evident. Results suggest that tibial plateau leveling osteotomy may be applicable in camelids with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. However, additional study is needed before tibial plateau leveling osteotomy can be routinely recommended. In particular, additional information is needed on the tibial plateau slope in healthy camelids, the role of the fibula in tibial plateau leveling osteotomy procedures, and the prevalence of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in camelids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000662:veterinary; D002161:Camelids, New World / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D013977:Tibia / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome