title: [Ehrlichia and Babesia infections in dogs in The Netherlands].
abstract: A retrospective study was performed at the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals at Utrecht University amongst 75 dogs diagnosed with a Babesia canis and/or an Ehrlichia canis infection. The majority of the dogs had visited an endemic area (most often the Mediterranean area or the Dutch Antilles), but two dogs became infected with Babesia in the Netherlands. Babesia infections were associated with a stay in an endemic area and an incubation period that are both significantly shorter (less than 3 months) than those for Ehrlichia and co-infections (more than 3 months). Reasons for the owner to seek veterinary attention (lethargy, anorexia, fever), findings from the physical examination (pale mucous membranes, hepato-/splenomegaly) and laboratory results (anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypo-albuminemia) were highly aspecific, making serology or PCR mandatory for diagnosing infections. Antigenic stimulation by the parasite sometimes resulted in immune-mediated diseases such as immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, glomerulonefritis, and polyarthritis and in the case of ehrlichiosis in hypergammaglobulinemia. Specific therapy (imidocarb-diproprionate and/or doxycycline) was necessary, and because combined infections were common, it was considered appropriate to administer both drugs while the definitive diagnosis was being established. The prognosis was reasonably good, with almost half of all patients showing no clinical signs after treatment, although Babesia and co-infections were associated with a significantly longer survival sometimes resulted than Ehrlichia infections.
authors.affiliation: Hoofdafdeling Geneeskunde van Gezelschapsdieren, Yalelaan 8, 3508 TD Utrecht. M.M.J.M.Zandvliet@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: M M J M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Zandvliet
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Teske
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Piek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations; D041061:Ehrlichia canis; D016873:Ehrlichiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations