title: Successful treatment of low-grade oligodendroglial tumors with a chemotherapy regimen of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anaplastic oligodendroglioma (OD) tumors, especially those with the combined loss of the short arm of chromosome 1 (1p) and the long arm of chromosome 19 (19q), are sensitive to chemotherapy. Only limited data are available on the role of chemotherapy in low-grade OD. The authors retrospectively studied the outcome of the procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy regimen in a group of 16 patients with newly diagnosed OD and 5 patients with recurrent low-grade OD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of patients were studied: newly diagnosed patients with large OD and mixed oligoastrocytomas (OA) and patients with recurrent OD and OA after radiotherapy who still showed nonenhancing tumors. Treatment consisted of standard PCV chemotherapy. In the newly diagnosed and responding patients, radiotherapy was withheld until the time of disease recurrence. Responses were assessed by T2-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) scans. Loss of chromosome 1p and 19q was assessed using fluorescent in situ hybridization with locus-specific probes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three of five patients with recurrent tumors responded. Thirteen of the 16 newly diagnosed patients showed evidence of response. The median time to disease progression in this group was >24 months. Only one of these patients experienced disease progression while receiving chemotherapy. Several patients showed a signficant clinical improvement despite only a modest improvement of the tumor on the MRI scans. Even patients without loss of 1p or 19q showed satisfactory responses. No TP53 mutations were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Newly diagnosed patients with OD tumors, with or without loss of 1p/19q, responded to PCV chemotherapy. Up-front chemotherapy may be indicated especially for patients with large tumors. MRI scans were of limited value for the assessment of response. A Phase III trial should be initiated to compare radiotherapy with chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology/Neuro-Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center/Daniel Den Hoed Cancer Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Elize M Biemond-ter
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Stege
authors.forename: Johan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kros
authors.forename: Hein G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: de Bruin
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Enting
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Heuvel
authors.forename: Leendert H J
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Looijenga
authors.forename: Carin D D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: van der Rijt
authors.forename: Peter A E Sillevis
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Smitt
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: van den Bent
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008130:Lomustine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009837:Oligodendroglioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D011344:Procarbazine; D014750:Vincristine; D008130:Lomustine