title: Use of computer simulation for determining endovascular skill levels in a carotid stenting model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether performance on a simulator model of carotid artery stenting correlates with previous endovascular experience and to assess the effects of repetition and training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were stratified to untrained and advanced skill groups on the basis of number of endovascular procedures previously performed. Baseline performance was assessed by means of a pretest, and participants were randomized to practice and no-practice groups. Practice consisted of a 30-minute to 60-minute proctored session before taking a final test; those in the no-practice group proceeded directly to the final test without this session. Primary outcomes were completion of a standardized protocol and the length of time needed to complete all steps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine subjects (16 untrained, 13 advanced) participated fully in the study. Ninety-two percent of participants in the advanced group successfully completed the pretest, versus 63% in the untrained group (P = .09); mean time to successful completion was 29.9 +/- 4.8 (mean +/- SD) versus 48.0 +/- 9.9 minutes, respectively (P < .001). Subjects who received no practice did not significantly improve their completion times between pretest and final test, whereas those who received practice did (novice, 47.9 +/- 7.0 minutes vs 24.5 +/- 2.9 minutes, P < .001; advanced, 29.6 +/- 3.1 minutes vs 20.2 +/- 4.1 minutes, P < .001). The group without previous training had significantly more time improvement from training than did the advanced group. Exit survey results showed that those who had the opportunity to practice more commonly believed that the simulator increased their endovascular skills and interest in vascular surgery (both P < .01 vs untrained group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performance on the carotid stenting simulator correlated with previous endovascular experience. Although both novice and advanced groups improved their time after a 30-minute to 60-minute proctored training session, improvement in the novice group was greater than that in the advanced group, which suggests that novices may benefit disproportionately from this type of training.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester School of Medicine, NY 14642, USA. Jeffrey_Hsu@URMC.Rochester.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Duraid
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Younan
authors.forename: Sudha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pandalai
authors.forename: Bryce T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Raj A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Schippert
authors.forename: Craig R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Narins
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Surowiec
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Cynthia K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Shortell
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Waldman
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Karl A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Illig
mesh_terms: D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000193:education*; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D002404:Catheterization; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004521:Educational Measurement; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015607:Stents; D013663:Teaching