title: The yeast cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Sic1 and mammalian p27Kip1 are functional homologues with a structurally conserved inhibitory domain.
abstract: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sic1, an inhibitor of Cdk (cyclin-dependent kinase), blocks the activity of S-Cdk1 (Cdk1/Clb5,6) kinase that is required for DNA replication. Deletion of Sic1 causes premature DNA replication from fewer origins, extension of the S phase and inefficient separation of sister chromatids during anaphase. Despite the well-documented relevance of Sic1 inhibition of S-Cdk1 for cell cycle control and genome instability, the molecular mechanism by which Sic1 inhibits S-Cdk1 activity remains obscure. In this paper, we show that Sic1 is functionally and structurally related to the mammalian Cki (Cdk inhibitor) p27Kip1 of the Kip/Cip family. A molecular model of the inhibitory domain of Sic1 bound to the Cdk2-cyclin A complex suggested that the yeast inhibitor might productively interface with the mammalian Cdk2-cyclin A complex. Consistent with this, Sic1 is able to bind to, and strongly inhibit the kinase activity of, the Cdk2-cyclin A complex. In addition, comparison of the different inhibitory patterns obtained using histone H1 or GST (glutathione S-transferase)-pRb (retinoblastoma protein) fusion protein as substrate (the latter of which recognizes both the docking site and the catalytic site of Cdk2-cyclin A) offers interesting suggestions for the inhibitory mechanism of Sic1. Finally, overexpression of the KIP1 gene in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, like overexpression of the related SIC1 gene, rescues the cell cycle-related phenotype of a sic1Delta strain. Taken together, these findings strongly indicate that budding yeast Sic1 and mammalian p27(Kip1) are functional homologues with a structurally conserved inhibitory domain.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barberis
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Gioia
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruzzene
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sarno
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coccetti
authors.forename: Piercarlo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fantucci
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vanoni
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alberghina
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000737:chemistry; D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D008322:Mammals; D009154:Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D019925:Cyclin A; D050756:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins; C086926:SIC1 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins