title: Adverse events and preventable adverse events in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient safety has been recognized as an important problem in health care. However, knowledge about adverse events and preventable adverse events in children is relatively limited.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence and types of adverse events and preventable adverse events in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of pediatric hospitalizations in the Colorado and Utah Medical Practice Study, which involved a retrospective, 2-level (nurse and physician) medical record review of a population-based, representative sample of all pediatric hospital discharges.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adverse events were defined as an injury caused by medical management rather than disease processes that resulted in either prolonged hospitalization or disability at discharge. A preventable adverse event was defined as an avoidable adverse event based on currently available knowledge and accepted practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  3719 discharged hospital patients, 0-20 years old, and 7528 nonelderly (21-65 years old) discharged adult patients in Colorado and Utah.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hospitals in Colorado and Utah.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adverse events occurred in 1% of pediatric hospitalizations in Colorado and Utah; 0.6% were preventable. Preventable adverse events rates were 0.53% in neonates and infants (0-0.99 years), 0.22% in children 1-12 years of age, and 0.95% in adolescents 13-20 years of age, compared with a rate of 1.50% in nonelderly adults. Of preventable adverse event types, birth related (32.2%) and diagnostic related (30.4%) events were the most common and were significantly more common than surgically related preventable adverse events (3.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that approximately 70,000 children hospitalized in the United States experience an adverse event each year; 60% of these events may be preventable. The epidemiology of adverse events and preventable adverse events in children is different than in adults. To reduce the adverse events that occur in hospitalized children, research should focus on adolescent hospitalized patients, birth-related medical care, and diagnostics in pediatric medicine.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Services Research and Policy Studies, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 339 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. woods@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holl
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.forename: Troy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Brennan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003120:Colorado; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D008485:Medical Audit; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010351:Patient Discharge; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014589:Utah