title: [Enteral administration of carbachol on systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction induced by partial ischemia/reperfusion injury to the gut].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of enteral administration of carbachol on organ dysfunction induced by partial ischemia/reperfusion injury to the intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five white rabbits were randomized into four groups: ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), carbachol+ I/R and sham operation. The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was partially blocked with self-designed blocker, producing 50% decrease in SMA blood flow, lasting for 4 hours. One hour after SMA occlusion, carbachol was injected into gut in carbachol+I/R group. Sham group was treated as same as I/R group except without SMA occlusion. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (Cr), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured by automatic analyzer and with radio-immunology method before SMA occlusion, and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after occlusion. The pathological changes of the intestinal tissue were observed with hematoxylin and eosin stained sections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In I/R groups, the levels of TNF-alpha, Cr, ALT, CK-MB in plasma were increased dramatically after partial ischemia/reperfusion injury to the gut. Severe pathological changes were observed in the hearts, livers, and kidneys. While in carbachol treatment groups, the levels of TNF-alpha, Cr, ALT, CK-MB in plasma were decreased dramatically after enteral administration of carbachol during ischemia stage. The pathological injuries were alleviated in the heart, liver, and kidney.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Enteral administration of carbachol may alleviate after the systemic inflammatory response and pathological changes in various organs, thus provide a protective effect on gut and remote organs partial ischemia/reperfusion of the intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Burns Institute, 304th Clinical Department of General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100037, China. hs82080@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Sen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Wei-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Yu-Mei
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Zhi-Yong
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Sheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002217:Carbachol