title: Chemopreventive action of xanthone derivatives on photosensitized DNA damage.
abstract: Photosensitized DNA damage participates in solar-UV carcinogenesis, photogenotoxicity and phototoxicity. A chemoprevention of photosensitized DNA damage is one of the most important methods for the above phototoxic effects. In this study, the chemopreventive action of xanthone (XAN) derivatives (bellidifolin [BEL], gentiacaulein [GEN], norswertianin [NOR] and swerchirin [SWE]) on DNA damage photosensitized by riboflavin was demonstrated using [32P]-5'-end-labeled DNA fragments obtained from genes relevant to human cancer. GEN and NOR effectively inhibited the formation of piperidine-labile products at consecutive G residues by photoexcited riboflavin, whereas BEL and SWE did not show significant inhibition of DNA damage. The four XAN derivatives decrease the formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodGuo), an oxidative product of G, by photoexcited riboflavin. The preventive action for the 8-oxodGuo formation of these XAN derivatives increased in the following order: GEN>NOR>>BEL>SWE. A fluorescence spectroscopic study and ab initio molecular orbital calculations suggested that the prevention of DNA photodamage is because of the quenching of the triplet excited state of riboflavin by XAN derivatives through electron transfer. This chemoprevention is based on neither antioxidation nor a physical sunscreen effect; rather, it is based on the quenching of a photosensitizer. In conclusion, XAN derivatives, especially GEN, may act as novel chemopreventive agents by the quenching mechanism of an excited photosensitizer.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Science and Basic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Johoku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirakawa
authors.forename: Mami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagatsu
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizukami
authors.forename: Virendra
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Mohan Singh Maniyari
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rawat
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Shosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawanishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004735:Energy Transfer; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000528:radiation effects; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D044004:Xanthones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D044004:Xanthones; D004247:DNA; D012256:Riboflavin