title: [Estimation of intake level of bisphenol A in Japanese pregnant women based on measurement of urinary excretion level of the metabolite].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The daily bisphenol A (BPA) intake level of Japanese pregnant women was surveyed based on the measurement of the urinary excretion level of a BPA metabolite.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spot urine samples were collected from 56 pregnant women who visited the gynecology division of a hospital for a routine health check between June and October 2003. The urinary concentrations of the BPA metabolite and creatinine were measured by GC/MS/MS and spectrophotometry, respectively. Daily BPA intake was assumed to be equal to daily excretion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The daily intake of BPA among Japanese pregnant women was estimated to be in the range of < 0.3 to 7.9 microg/day (median < 2.0 microg/day), being consistent with the levels in previous studies for non-pregnant Japanese women. This level was far below the current Acceptable Daily Intake (0.01 mg/kg/day) which was set by the European Commission. The maximum estimated intake per body weight (0.16 microg/kg/day) reached 1/10 of the Lowest Adverse Effect Level of BPA for pregnant mice for a reproductive effect on the offspring (2 microg/kg/day).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is desirable to lessen BPA intake from a precautionary viewpoint, particularly in pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kayumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimaki
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Arakawa
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Chiho
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shigeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Serizawa
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizumoto
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D011247:Pregnancy / Q000652:urine*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds