title: Inter-observer and intra-observer reliability of a sleep questionnaire in Indian population.
abstract: Sleep disorders are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. These are however still not widely detected/treated. Though various questionnaires have been designed for screening purposes, none are available in India.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To construct a questionnaire for detection of sleep disorders and determine its reliability and validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The questionnaire was prepared from the Case Western Health Research Questionnaire, translated into Hindi and then back into English, prior to its use. This was administered to 20 subjects at an interval of 2 weeks by the same observer to determine the intra-observer reliability. For estimation of validity, 275 subjects were evaluated by a trained health worker and a specialist in sleep disorders. The specialist's opinion was taken as the 'gold standard' to calculate sensitivity and specificity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The kappa statistic was 0.94 for intra-observer reliability. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the question, presence/absence of sleep disorders and for all the other questions also. The sensitivity ranged from 70-91% and specificity 80-100%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This questionnaire is simple to use, reliable and has good sensitivity and specificity. It can be used in epidemiological community surveys.
authors.affiliation: Professor of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhatia
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires