title: Serum and gingival crevicular fluid levels of ciprofloxacin in patients with periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of antibiotics as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases is of special interest to dental practitioners. In addition to using an appropriate antibacterial agent, clinicians may find it useful to determine the local and systemic concentrations of antibiotics in infected periodontal sites to reduce the levels of bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum and gingival crevicular fluid, or GCF, concentrations of systemic ciprofloxacin in patients with periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects with chronic periodontitis received ciprofloxacin (500 milligrams) twice daily for five days. The authors collected GCF and serum samples immediately after administering the first dose (baseline = 0 hours) and at consecutive time points. The orifice method was used for GCF sampling, and 5 milliliters of venous blood was drawn for serum analysis. The authors used high-performance liquid chromatography to determine ciprofloxacin concentrations in GCF and serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors found that ciprofloxacin concentrations in GCF were significantly higher than concentrations in serum at two, four, seven, 24 and 120 hours. Ciprofloxacin reached the maximum concentration, or Cmax (3.72 micrograms/ mL), in GCF two hours after the initial dose was administered. The concentration decreased to 2.06 microg/mL 24 hours after the initial administration of the drug. Serum Cmax was 2.58 microg/mL at 1.5 hours, and the concentration decreased to 0.26 microg/mL at 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this clinical study show that ciprofloxacin is found in GCF and its concentration in GCF is significantly higher than that in serum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ciprofloxacin may be useful in treating patients with periodontitis because it reaches higher concentrations in GCF than in serum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. ttozum@hacettepe.edu.tr
authors.forename: Tolga F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Tözüm
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: Feriha
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cağlayan
authors.forename: Aysun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dinçel
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012636:Secretory Rate
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin