title: Long-term body weight fluctuation is associated with metabolic syndrome independent of current body mass index among Japanese men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relation between weight fluctuation and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is fairly consistent, although the physiologic basis for the relationship is uncertain. In the present study the association between long-term weight fluctuation and the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), a potent CVD risk factor, was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A cross-sectional study of 664 Japanese men aged 40-49 years was conducted. The root mean square error around the slope of weight on age (weight - RMSE) was calculated by a simple linear regression model, in which the subject's actual weights at ages 20, 25, 30 years and 5 years prior to the study, as well as current weight, were dependent variables against the subject's age as the independent variable. Weight-RMSE was significantly and positively associated with the prevalence of each MS components (high blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, low-high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high fasting glucose, and obesity). Such associations, as well as clustering of the MS component together with RMSE increase, were apparent among subjects with body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2, although the prevalence of MS or its components was much higher among overweight subjects (BMI >or=25 kg/m2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development of MS possibly explains the risk of CVD not only in overweight or obese persons, but also in normal-weight persons with large weight fluctuation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health/Health Information Dynamics, Field of Social Life Science, Program in Health and Community Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Huiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yatsuya
authors.forename: Chiyoe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Rei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Nobue
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Kaichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyoshima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005215:Fasting; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL