title: Safety and efficacy of powered intracapsular tonsillectomy in children: a multi-center retrospective case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of powered intracapsular tonsillectomy (PIT, e.g. regrowth rate) in children who underwent PIT at three different institutions. We also wanted to determine if the trend to greater safety through reduced bleeding and re-admission for dehydration, noted in our initial reports, would become statistically significant in a larger sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-center retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all charts' of children who underwent PIT at three different institutions: the Children's Hospital at the Cleveland Clinic, Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, and the New York Otolaryngology Institute. For comparison, we reviewed the outpatient and inpatient records of all children who underwent conventional tonsillectomy performed by the same surgeons at the Children's Hospital at the Cleveland Clinic and Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children during the same period. No comparison group was available for the New York Otolaryngology Institute group. Three outcome measures were recorded: regrowth, bleeding and re-admission for dehydration rates. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 870 children that underwent PIT at three different institutions. In addition, 1121 children underwent conventional tonsillectomy at two of the three institutions. The mean follow-up for the PIT group was 1.2 years (range, 0.1-2.6 years) and 1.5 years (range, 0.1-3.0 years) for the conventional tonsillectomy group. The incidence of and 95% CI for the outcome measures were as follows regrowth 0.5% (0%, 1.4%), delayed post-operative bleeding 0.7% (0%, 1.9%), re-admission for dehydration 1.3% (0.05%, 2.6%), and overall major complications 0.46% (0.009%, 0.9%). When comparing conventional tonsillectomy to PIT, the bleeding rate, re-admission for dehydration, and the overall incidence of major complications were significantly lower in the PIT group (P = 0.001, P = 0.002, and P < 0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PIT is a safe and effective technique in the management of obstructive sleep disordered breathing in children. PIT has the advantages of decreased pain, dehydration and post-operative bleeding, and with a mean follow-up of 1.2 years, a low incidence of tonsillar regrowth thus far.
authors.affiliation: The Section of Pediatric Otolaryngology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue-A71, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: C Arturo
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Solares
authors.forename: Jeffery A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Koempel
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Tom I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Abelson
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Max M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: April
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bent
authors.forename: Meng
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koltai
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003681:Dehydration / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000601:surgery*; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome