title: [Constraints and dosage for prostate cancer patients treated with conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is based on a methodology called inverse planning. Starting from dosimetric objectives, constraints of optimization are fixed and given to the inverse planning system, which in turn calculates the modulated intensity to apply to each beam. Since the algorithms allow the constraints to be violated, the results of optimization may differ from the initial dosimetric objectives. Consequently, the user is compelled to adapt the choice of the constraints according to the type of modulation and until satisfactory results are found. The purpose of this work is to present our experience in the choice of these constraints for prostate cancer treatments, as we moved from conformal radiotherapy to IMRT. Treatments were performed with a Varian 23EX linac and calculations were realized with the Varian CadPlan-Helios planning system.
  
  
  METHODS
  The approach used for the first 12 patients treated at institut Curie with IMRT from June 2002 was analysed. The treatment always consisted of a combination of conformal radiotherapy with and without intensity modulation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results showed that, a larger fraction of the treatment performed with IMRT induced a better sparing of the organs at risk for the same homogeneous dose distribution to the target volume. Apart from the dose-volume constraint for the rectum, a fixed set of constraints, slightly more restrictive than the dosimetric objectives, could be used for all patients. Compared with conformal radiotherapy, the conformation factor for IMRT increased up to 16%. A specific study was undertaken in view of treatments completely performed with IMRT. The optimal technique consisted in performing separated IMRT plans for the two target volumes, the prostate volume and the prostate plus seminal vesicles volume respectively. Another satisfactory possibility was to define new constraints on two separated planning target volumes, prostate and seminal vesicles. This last approach is now routinely implemented for our IMRT patients.
authors.affiliation: Département de radiothérapie, institut Curie, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Chauvet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaboriaud
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pontvert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zefkili
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rosenwald
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cosset
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods*