title: Substance P induced changes in CD74 and CD44 in the rat bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Substance P (SP) induces rat bladder inflammation along with release of the proinflammatory cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). To describe the mechanism of MIF action we examined changes in the amount of CD74 (membrane receptor for MIF), CD44 and phospho-(p-ERK)1/2 in the bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  In anesthetized rats the bladder was isolated by cutting the ureters and urine was replaced by saline as intraluminal fluid (ILF). One hour after subcutaneous SP (40 mug/kg) or saline administration the ILF and bladder were collected. Bladder tissue was analyzed for CD74 and CD44 by immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis determined the relative amounts of bladder tissue MIF, CD74, CD44 and p-ERK1/2. ILF immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis was performed to identify an association of MIF with CD74 and/or CD44.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SP induced significant MIF release from the bladder and increased CD74 and CD44 bladder immunostaining. SP treatment increased the total amount of bladder CD74 protein and mRNA, intracellular domain CD44, p-ERK1/2 and soluble CD44 in the ILF. Finally, MIF was found to be associated with soluble CD44 in the ILF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD74 is present in the rat urothelium. SP increases CD74 and intracellular domain CD44 in the bladder, while stimulating the release of soluble CD44 and MIF into the ILF. MIF interacts with soluble CD44 in the ILF and it is available to bind with CD74 in the bladder to exert proinflammatory effects. Therefore, a mechanistic model is emerging to explain the proinflammatory effects of MIF in this acute model of bladder inflammation. Possible clinical implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Research and Development Service, Bay Pines Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, Florida 33744, USA. Katherine.Siegler@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Meyer-Siegler
authors.forename: Pedro L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Vera
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013373:Substance P / Q000502:physiology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D008263:Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors; C045084:invariant chain; D013373:Substance P