title: Ethanol-withdrawal seizures are controlled by tissue plasminogen activator via modulation of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors.
abstract: Chronic ethanol abuse causes up-regulation of NMDA receptors, which underlies seizures and brain damage upon ethanol withdrawal (EW). Here we show that tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA), a protease implicated in neuronal plasticity and seizures, is induced in the limbic system by chronic ethanol consumption, temporally coinciding with up-regulation of NMDA receptors. tPA interacts with NR2B-containing NMDA receptors and is required for up-regulation of the NR2B subunit in response to ethanol. As a consequence, tPA-deficient mice have reduced NR2B, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, and seizures after EW. tPA-mediated facilitation of EW seizures is abolished by NR2B-specific NMDA antagonist ifenprodil. These results indicate that tPA mediates the development of physical dependence on ethanol by regulating NR2B-containing NMDA receptors.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neurobiology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Jerry P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Melchor
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matys
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Skrzypiec
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Strickland
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000502:physiology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D000431:Ethanol; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator