title: Low levels of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor expression at cancer cell membrane predict liver metastasis in Dukes' C human colorectal cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression in Dukes' C human colorectal cancers (CRCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemical staining for IGF-1R was done on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens from 161 patients with curatively resected Dukes' C CRC and at least 5-year follow-up periods. We investigated the association between the levels of IGF-1R expression and the clinicopathologic parameters. To evaluate the accurate prognostic value of IGF-1R expression, we investigated two patterns of recurrence-free survival (RFS) according to the mode of recurrence, the hepatic-RFS (H-RFS), and the nonhepatic-RFS (nH-RFS). The influence of the pattern of IGF-1R immunostaining (membranous or cytoplasmic) on RFS was also estimated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High (diffuse staining) and low (focal staining) levels of IGF-1R expression were found in 45 (28%) and 116 (72%) specimens, respectively. The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the latter group (49 of 116) than the former group (9 of 45; P = 0.01). H-RFS was significantly longer for the former group than the latter group (P = 0.021), whereas no difference was found in nH-RFS between the two groups (P = 0.121). In multivariate analysis, the level of IGF-1R expression was an independent factor for H-RFS (P = 0.015) as were the depth of invasion and lymph vessel invasion (P = 0.006 and 0.022, respectively). Using a combination of the level of IGF-1R expression and these two factors, the prognostic value was further increased. When IGF-1R staining patterns (membranous or cytoplasmic) were compared, membrane staining of IGF-1R possessed prognostic significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Dukes' C CRC, focal membrane expression of IGF-1R in the primary tumor can predict a high risk of recurrence, especially liver metastasis. Understanding the mechanisms involved could lead to new therapeutic approaches for advanced CRC.
authors.affiliation: Pathology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Shin'ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Shi-chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sangai
authors.forename: Genichiro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asaka
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000556:secondary*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1