title: Changes in VEGF and nitric oxide after deep dermal injury in the female, red Duroc pig-further similarities between female, Duroc scar and human hypertrophic scar.
abstract: Despite decades of research, our understanding of human hypertrophic scar is limited. A reliable animal model could significantly increase our understanding. We previously confirmed similarities between scarring in the female, red, Duroc pig and human hypertrophic scarring. The purpose of this study was to: (1) measure vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in wounds on the female Duroc; and (2) to compare the NO levels to those reported for human hypertrophic scar. Shallow and deep wounds were created on four female Durocs. VEGF levels were measured using ELISA and NO levels with the Griess reagent. VEGF and NO levels were increased in deep wounds at 10 days when compared to shallow wounds (p < 0.05). At 15 weeks, VEGF and NO levels had returned to the level of shallow wounds. At 21 weeks, VEGF and NO levels had declined below baseline levels in deep wounds and the NO levels were significantly lower (p < 0.01). We found that VEGF and NO exhibit two distinctly different temporal patterns in shallow and deep wounds on the female Durocs. Furthermore, NO is decreased in female, Duroc scar as it is in human, hypertrophic scar further validating the usefulness of the model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Box 359796, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: Kathy Q
authors.initials: KQ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Loren H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Engrav
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Armendariz
authors.forename: Pornprom
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muangman
authors.forename: Matthew B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Gretchen J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Carrougher
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deubner
authors.forename: Nicole S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Gibran
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002058:Burns, Electric / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017439:Cicatrix, Hypertrophic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D012867:Skin / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D009569:Nitric Oxide