title: Reconsidering hepatorenal syndrome. Throw in the towel? Not so fast!
abstract: For many years, hepatorenal syndrome was considered a uniformly and rapidly fatal complication of end-stage liver disease. Although the syndrome still carries a poor long-term prognosis, increased understanding of its hemodynamic derangements has led to new pharmacologic treatments that significantly improve short-term outcomes. In this article, Drs Tong, Hurley, and Hayashi discuss a case of remarkable reversal of hepatorenal syndrome with use of oral midodrine hydrochloride, subcutaneous octreotide acetate, and intravenous albumin. The authors highlight the great progress that has been made in this field and review new therapeutic options that are on the market or under study. It is important for physicians who are caring for patients with hepatorenal syndrome to know about and consider the available treatments before an approach of "supportive care only" is taken.
authors.affiliation: US Air Force Medical Corps, Kadena Air Base, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Hayashi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000418:Albumins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006519:Hepatitis, Alcoholic / Q000150:complications; D006530:Hepatorenal Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D008879:Midodrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008879:Midodrine; D003404:Creatinine; D015282:Octreotide