Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions, and chemical reagents.
The efficacy of several povidone-iodine (PVP-I) products, a number of other chemical agents, and various physical conditions were evaluated for their ability to inactivate the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Treatment of SARS-CoV with PVP-I products for 2 min reduced the virus infectivity from 1.17 x 10(6) TCID50/ml to below the detectable level. The efficacy of 70% ethanol was equivalent to that of PVP-I products. Fixation of SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells with a fixative including formalin, glutaraldehyde, methanol, and acetone for 5 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Heating the virus at 56 degrees C for 5 min dramatically reduced the infectivity of the virus from 2.6 x 10(7) to 40 TCID50/ml, whereas heating the virus for 60 min or longer eliminated all infectivity. Irradiation with ultraviolet light at 134 microW/cm2 for 15 min reduced the infectivity from 3.8 x 10(7) to 180 TCID50/ml; however, prolonged irradiation (60 min) failed to eliminate the remaining virus, leaving 18.8 TCID50/ml. We believe that these findings will be useful for the implementation of infection control measures against SARS, and for the establishment of effective guidelines for the prevention of SARS outbreaks.
Kariwa
Hiroaki
H
Laboratory of Public Health, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
Fujii
Nobuhiro
N
Takashima
Ikuo
I
D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005404:Fixatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D017053:Infection Control / Q000379:methods; D011206:Povidone-Iodine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014709:Vero Cells / Q000821:virology; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*
D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D005404:Fixatives; D000431:Ethanol; D011206:Povidone-Iodine