title: [In vitro induction of directional differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards chondrocytes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or bone marrow stroma cells (MSCs) to differentiate directionally towards chondrocytes in vitro and then identify the differentiated cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSCs were isolated from bone marrows of healthy adult human donors and then the cultured. MSCs at the 3rd passage were induced by TGF-beta1, dexamethasone(Dex) and Vitamin C(Vit C). 14 days later, micro-cell aggregates formed by the induced MSCs were embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained with HE, toluidine blue or anti-type II collagen mAb (Col II). The expression of Col II in the induced MSCs also were detected by Western blot and RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The induced cells exhibited a chondrocyte-like morphology.The staining of toluidine blue and Col II on extracellular matrix in the micro-cell aggregates was positive. Western blot and RT-PCR showed that Col II was only expressed in the induced cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSCs can differentiate into chondrocytes under the induction of TGF-beta1, Dex and Vit C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
authors.forename: Zhao-Hui
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan-Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Chun-Mei
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000235:genetics; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008858:Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024043:Collagen Type II; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D003907:Dexamethasone; D001205:Ascorbic Acid