title: Interstitial cystitis: how should we diagnose it and treat it in 2004?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During the last 2 years, two international and two European meetings have taken place and a European Society formed dealing only with interstitial cystitis. A separate committee for interstitial cystitis was formed during the last WHO International Consensus Meeting on urinary incontinence. As a consequence, new concepts and recommendations are evolving, for example the nomenclature is changing from interstitial cystitis to painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At an international meeting in Kyoto, the scientific basis for diagnosis and treatment of painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis was reviewed, confirming the poor evidence for many diagnostic procedures and treatments. There are two main reasons for this: an internationally accepted definition is lacking and the disease is rare, making clinical trials difficult. A meeting in Copenhagen resulted in a standardization of the procedures for evaluation and the creation of a European Society for the Study of Interstitial Cystitis. Increased concentration of nitric oxide in the urine of patients with Hunner's ulcer may help to separate ulcer from non-ulcer patients. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study failed to show a statistically significant effect of the antihistamine hydroxine or pentosan polysulfate sodium compared with placebo. The study confirmed the difficulties in recruiting patients for large-scale trials, which could be one of the reasons for the negative result. The effect of the traditional treatment with amitriptyline was confirmed in a prospective, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Standardized evaluation of patients with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis will benefit both patients and science. An internationally accepted definition of the condition appears to be in sight, which will make epidemiological and research studies easier.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. jnordling@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nordling
mesh_terms: D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans