title: Why doesn't exercise grow the lungs when other factors do?
abstract: Exercise training enhances every component of the O(2) transport and metabolic system--except the lungs. Consequently, the lungs can contribute to the limitation of VO(2)max. Only hypoxia early in life and substantial lung resection reproducibly stimulate growth in normal lungs across species. Possible pathways involve genes activated by hypoxia or mechanical strain, or both, including growth factors, hormones, nitric oxide, and retinoids.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, DEPT 0623A, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. pdwagner@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006728:Hormones / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008168:Lung / Q000254:growth & development*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D012176:Retinoids; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D006728:Hormones; D012176:Retinoids; D009569:Nitric Oxide