title: Bonding and debonding characteristics of APC-plus clarity brackets compared to APC clarity brackets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether adding light-sensitive pigments (APC-Plus) has a significant effect on the times required for placing and debonding brackets compared with conventional APC brackets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty extracted human permanent central incisors were bonded with APC ceramic brackets and APC-Plus ceramic brackets by four clinicians, and the times required were recorded. After thermocycling, the brackets were debonded. Adhesive remnants were removed by the same clinicians using four different instruments. The times required were recorded, and the enamel surfaces were checked for morphologic changes via scanning electron microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two clinicians needed significantly more time for bonding of the APC-Plus brackets (P < .05). For debonding, no significant differences could be found between APC and APC-Plus brackets for any of the instruments. The diamond burs and the conventional carbide burs required significantly less time than the Radlanski burs. The air-powder abrasive system took the longest time. The diamond burs caused substantial destruction of the enamel surface, whereas the Radlanski bur and the air-powder abrasive system left the surface intact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The time needed for placement of the brackets and removal of adhesive remnants was not affected by adding light-sensitive pigments. For debonding, Radlanski burs and conventional carbide burs can be used, while diamond burs should be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Humboldt University of Berlin, University Hospital Charité, Berlin, Germany. kamelia.reister@charite.de
authors.forename: Kamelia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Staribratova-Reister
authors.forename: Paul-Georg
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Jost-Brinkmann
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000009:adverse effects; D002516:Ceramics; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D017005:Dental Debonding / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007180:Incisor; D008422:Materials Testing; D008437:Maxilla; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives