title: Fungicidal impact on chickpea--Mesorhizobium symbiosis.
abstract: The effects of carbendazim, captan, thiram, and mancozeb, on plant vitality, chlorophyll content, N uptake, protein content, nodulation, and seed yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinun) were assessed in a controlled environment. Seeds treated with fungicides at 1 and 1.5 g.a.i. kg seed had no significant adverse effect on plant vigor, seed yield, and N and protein contents. In contrast, fungicides applied at 2 g.a.i./kg of captan, thiram and mancozeb, significantly reduced the measured parameters. In general, the toxicity of fungicides in terms of seed yield increased in the following order: Control=carbendazim > thiram > captan > mancozeb. Total chlorophyll content in foliage declined consistently with fungicides dose rates and application days. Seeds treated with lower rates of fungicides significantly increased nodulation (nodule number per plant and its dry mass) and were compatible with chickpea inoculum used in this study. Although carbendazim at 2 g.a.i. kg seed had no phytotoxic effect assessed under greenhouse conditions, it significantly reduced the chlorophyll content, nodulation (60d) and N content in shoots.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Microbiology, RAK Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, India.
authors.forename: Mohd
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aamil
authors.forename: Almas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: Md Saghir
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000032:analysis; D029863:Cicer / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000506:poisoning*; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018515:Plant Leaves; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D012230:Rhizobiaceae / Q000254:growth & development*; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000506:poisoning*; D013559:Symbiosis
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002734:Chlorophyll; D009584:Nitrogen