title: Clinicopathologic features of an unusual outbreak of cryptococcosis in dogs, cats, ferrets, and a bird: 38 cases (January to July 2003).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine clinical and pathologic findings associated with an outbreak of cryptococcosis in an unusual geographic location (British Columbia, Canada).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  1 pink-fronted cockatoo, 2 ferrets, 20 cats, and 15 dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A presumptive diagnosis of cryptococcosis was made on the basis of serologic, histopathologic, or cytologic findings, and a definitive diagnosis was made on the basis of culture or immunohistochemical staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No breed or sex predilections were detected in affected dogs or cats. Eleven cats had neurologic signs, 7 had skin lesions, and 5 had respiratory tract signs. None of 17 cats tested serologically for FeLV yielded positive results; 1 of 17 cats yielded positive results for FIV (western blot). Nine of 15 dogs had neurologic signs, 2 had periorbital swellings, and only 3 had respiratory tract signs initially. Microbiologic culture in 15 cases yielded 2 isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var grubii (serotype A) and 13 isolates of C. neoformans var gattii (serotype B); all organisms were susceptible to amphotericin B and ketoconazole. Serologic testing had sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 98%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serologic titers were beneficial in identifying infection in animals with nonspecific signs, but routine serum biochemical or hematologic parameters were of little value in diagnosis. Most animals had nonspecific CNS signs and represented a diagnostic challenge. Animals that travel to or live in this region and have nonspecific malaise or unusual neurologic signs should be evaluated for cryptococcosis.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory for Veterinarians, 5645 199th St, Langley, BC V3A 1H9, Canada.
authors.forename: Sally J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Natalie J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Kowalewich
authors.forename: Karen H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bartlett
authors.forename: Mark B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Krockenberger
authors.forename: Theyne M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fairfax
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001955:British Columbia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002415:Cats; D046410:Cockatoos; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005289:Ferrets; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D007654:Ketoconazole