title: Molecular characterization of the glutamine synthetase gene in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas: expression study in response to xenobiotic exposure and developmental stage.
abstract: In this study, we characterized the full-length cDNA and genomic sequence of the gene encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase (CgGSII) in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. A phylogenetic analysis of GS sequences showed that CgGS clustered with the invertebrate group as expected. We analyzed the expression of mRNA CgGSII using RT-PCR to follow the expression of this gene in gills and digestive gland of oysters exposed, under experimental conditions, to hypoxia and to several contaminants (hydrocarbons and two pesticide treatments, glyphosate and a mixture of atrazine, diuron and isoproturon). We also investigated the expression of CgGSII in different developmental stages of C. gigas. Our results show that CgGSII expression was highly regulated in xenobiotic-exposed oysters compared to the control for all the treatments. Likewise, CgGSII expression was highly regulated according to the developmental stage of C. gigas. Finally, use of CgGSII as a possible marker to monitor xenobiotic exposure in disturbed ecosystems is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR-CNRS 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanguy
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Boutet
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moraga
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010125:Ostreidae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase