title: Microsatellite instability as prognostic marker in bladder tumors: a clinical significance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoma of urinary bladder is one of the leading causes of death in India. Successful treatment of bladder cancer depends on the early detection & specific diagnostic approaches. In the present study, microsatellite instability (MSI) has been evaluated as a prognostic marker in patients with superficial urinary bladder cancer in lower urinary tract for determining risk of recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 44 patients with bladder tumors diagnosed with Transitional Cell Carcinomas [TCC] from lower urinary tract were selected for the study. Tumors were staged and graded according to AJCC-UICC (1997) classification and patients were followed with cystoscopy as per the protocol. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to amplify microsatellite sequences at mononucleotide BAT - 26, BAT - 40, TGFbeta RII, IGFIIR, hMSH3, BAX and dinucleotide D2S123, D9S283, D9S1851 and D18S58 loci in blood (control) and tumor DNA. PCR products were separated on 8% denaturing polyacrylamide gel and visualized by autoradiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MSI was observed in 72.7% of tumors at BAT - 26, BAT - 40, D2S123, D9S283, D9S1851 and D18S58 loci. Good association of MSI was seen with tumor stage and grade. MSI - High (instability at > 30% of loci) was frequently observed in high stage (40.6%) and high grade (59.4%) tumors. Of 24 tumors of Ta-T1 stage with different grades, 11 (9/18 high grade and 2/6 low grade tumors) recurred in the mean duration of 36 months. MSI positivity was significantly high in patients who had one or more recurrences (p = 0.02 for high grade and 0.04 for low grade tumors).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MSI may be an independent prognostic marker for assessing risk of recurrence in superficial tumors irrespective of the grade. Further studies on progression would help in stratifying the patients of T1G3 for early cystectomy vs bladder preservation protocol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical sciences, RaiBariely Road, Lucknow- 226014, India. minal14@yahoo.com <minal14@yahoo.com>
authors.forename: Minal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaish
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandhani
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Balraj
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D043171:Chromosomal Instability; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*