title: Regional differences in responses of rabbit detrusor to electrical and adrenergic stimulation: influence of outlet obstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine regional responses of control and obstructed rabbit detrusor strips to electrical and adrenergic stimulation, and determine whether outlet obstruction causes regional variations in blood flow throughout the detrusor, as the detrusor smooth muscle of the bladder body has previously been considered homogeneous in its pharmacological properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen male rabbits had the bladder outlet surgically obstructed for 2 weeks and were compared with 10 unoperated control rabbits. Blood flow was measured with the bladder empty and at capacity, using fluorescent microspheres. Paired dorsal and ventral strips were harvested from the midline equatorial detrusor and electrically and adrenergically stimulated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Obstructed rabbits had significantly higher bladder capacities and bladder weights than control rabbits. Dorsal strips from both control and obstructed rabbits contracted in response to noradrenaline, whereas ventral strips relaxed. The addition of prazosin, a nonselective alpha1-adrenergic-receptor blocker, completely blocked the contraction in dorsal strips, but had no effect on responses of ventral strips. There was also a regional difference in response to electrical stimulation, with ventral strips generating significantly more tension than dorsal strips in both control and obstructed rabbits. There were no regional differences in detrusor blood flow. Obstruction resulted in significantly lower responses to all forms of stimulation, and significantly less blood flow throughout the detrusor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are regional differences in adrenergic receptor function and response to electrical-field stimulation throughout control and obstructed rabbit detrusor, a region that was previously thought to be functionally homogeneous. These differences must be recognized and acknowledged to obtain accurate and reproducible data from in vitro studies of the bladder.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Albany Medical College, South Clinical Campus, 23 Hackett Boulevard, Albany, NY 12208, USA. capels@juno.com
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Capello
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chieh-Lung Chou
authors.forename: Penelope A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Longhurst
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D011224:Prazosin