title: Buccal mucosal urethroplasty for balanitis xerotica obliterans related urethral strictures: the outcome of 1 and 2-stage techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) related strictures are complex and generally managed by 2-staged urethroplasty. We present our results with 1-stage dorsal onlay and 2-stage buccal mucosal urethroplasty for such strictures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 2000 and April 2004, 39 patients underwent buccal mucosal urethroplasty for BXO related anterior urethral strictures. The 25 patients with a salvageable urethral plate (group 1) were treated with 1-stage dorsal onlay urethroplasty using a cosmetic incision. The 14 patients with a severely scarred urethral plate, focally dense segments or active infection (group 2) underwent 2-stage urethroplasty. Outcomes in terms of cosmetic appearance, stricture recurrence and complications in the 2 groups were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a mean followup of 32.5 months (range 3 to 52) 3 patients (12%) in group 1 had recurrent stricture, of which 2 and 1 were treated with optical urethrotomy and urethral dilation, respectively. All patients had a normal slit-like meatus and none had chordee or erectile dysfunction. Four group 2 patients (28.6%) required stomal revision and 2 had glans cleft narrowing after stage 1 urethroplasty. Following stage 2, 3 patients had recurrent stricture, of whom 2 were treated with optical urethrotomy and 1 underwent repeat urethroplasty.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In BXO related strictures with a viable urethral plate 1-stage dorsal onlay buccal mucosal urethroplasty provides excellent intermediate term results. The cosmetic incision described provides a normal, wide caliber, slit-like glans. Two-stage procedures provide satisfactory outcomes but they are associated with a higher revision rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. ddubey@sgpgi.ac.in
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.forename: Aneesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srivastava
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mandhani
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: Anant
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001446:Balanitis / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000637:transplantation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*