title: Further validation of the chronic pain coping inventory.
abstract: Multidisciplinary treatment programs for chronic pain typically emphasize the importance of decreasing maladaptive and encouraging adaptive coping responses. The Chronic Pain Coping Inventory (CPCI), developed to assess coping strategies targeted for change in multidisciplinary pain treatment, is a 64-item instrument that contains 8 subscales: Guarding, Resting, Asking for Assistance, Relaxation, Task Persistence, Exercising/Stretching, Coping Self-Statements, and Seeking Social Support. A previous validation study with 210 patients in a Canadian academic hospital setting supported an 8-factor structure for the CPCI. The current study was undertaken to validate the CPCI among 564 veterans with a more extended history of chronic pain. Patients completed the study questionnaires before multidisciplinary treatment. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor structure of the 64-item CPCI. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed with depression, pain interference, general activity level, disability, and pain severity as the criterion variables and the 8 CPCI factors as the predictor variables, controlling for pain severity and demographic variables. The confirmatory factor analysis results strongly supported an 8-factor model, and the regression analyses supported the predictive validity of the CPCI scales, as indicated by their association with measures of patient adjustment to chronic pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This article validated the 8-factor structure of the CPCI by using a confirmatory factor analysis and a series of linear regressions. The results support the applicability and utility of the CPCI in a heterogeneous population of veterans with severe chronic pain treated in a tertiary teaching hospital. The CPCI provides an important clinical and research tool for the assessment of behavioral pain coping strategies that might have an impact on patient outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Pain Section, Anesthesiology and Mental Health Care Line, VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. tan.gabriel@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Quang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Karen O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thornby
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000523:psychology; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D018710:Pain Clinics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013781:Texas; D016896:Treatment Outcome