title: Enhanced Bax in oral SCC in relation to antitumor effects of chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antitumor effects of chemotherapeutic agents are commonly associated with the induction of apoptosis. Bax belongs to the Bcl-2 family and induces apoptosis. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between enhanced Bax expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; cell lines and clinical cases) and the antitumor effects of chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In three oral SCC cell lines, Bax expression before and after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents [docetaxel (TXT), cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil] was examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. The effects of treatment were assessed by counting the number of viable cells and determining sub-G1 cells. Tissue samples (both biopsy specimens before chemotherapy and surgically excised specimens after chemotherapy) from nine patients with oral SCC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy were immunostained for Bax. The relationship between enhancement of Bax expression and chemotherapeutic effects was established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of three cell lines did not express Bax mRNA or protein before treatment. After treatment, Bax expression was enhanced only by TXT in one cell line, but by all chemotherapeutic agents in the other two cell lines. In three of nine patients, Bax expression was not found before chemotherapy. Two of these three patients showed enhanced Bax expression after chemotherapy including TXT, but one still failed to express Bax. Both in cell lines and clinical cases, enhancement of Bax after chemotherapy was associated with antitumor effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Certain chemotherapeutic agents enhance Bax expression in oral SCC, and it is suggested that this contributes to the antitumor effects of chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan. kanakot@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ogi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokino
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Geniku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kohama
authors.forename: Hiroyoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiratsuka
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C494826:BAX protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D002945:Cisplatin; D005472:Fluorouracil