title: Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of bcl-2 protein in papillary carcinomas and papillary microcarcinomas of the thyroid gland.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the expression of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 and tissue proliferation Ki-67 antigen in tissues of human papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Bcl-2 protein expression in PTC and PTMC has been evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bcl-2 protein was observed in normal thyroid gland in all the cases; in 25% of the cases of papillary carcinomas the immunoreaction was strong and in 75% of the cases--moderate. In 25% of the cases of papillary microcarcinomas the bcl-2 expression was totally negative and 35% was moderate. Bcl-2 expression was lower in non-sclerosing non-encapsulated (NSNE) (25%) cases of PMCs than in non-sclerosing encapsulated (NSE) (57.15%) cases of PTMCs (p < 0.05). MIB-1/Ki-67 expression was notably reduced or not expressed in normal and benign thyroid tissue. MIB-1 immunoreactivity was present in papillary carcinoma, and on a lower level--in PTMCs. The MIB-1 labelling index of NSE and sclerosing non-encapsulated (SNE) cases was lower than that in NSNE (p < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicated that NSNE cases of PTMCs may be an early stage in tumor progression, and the bcl-2 and MIB-1 immunohistochemistry may be a valuable tool in predicting the malignant behavior in PMTCs, and contributes to the understanding the growth characteristics of papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Pathology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece. amitselo@cc.uoi.gr
authors.forename: Antigony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitselou
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peschos
authors.forename: Pavlos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dallas
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Charalabopoulos
authors.forename: Niki J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Agnantis
authors.forename: Theodore
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vougiouklakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2