title: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is an endogenous inhibitor of Snail transcription: implications for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
abstract: We report that the activity of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is necessary for the maintenance of the epithelial architecture. Pharmacological inhibition of its activity or reducing its expression using small interfering RNAs in normal breast and skin epithelial cells results in a reduction of E-cadherin expression and a more mesenchymal morphology, both of which are features associated with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Importantly, GSK-3 inhibition also stimulates the transcription of Snail, a repressor of E-cadherin and an inducer of the EMT. We identify NFkappaB as a transcription factor inhibited by GSK-3 in epithelial cells that is relevant for Snail expression. These findings indicate that epithelial cells must sustain activation of a specific kinase to impede a mesenchymal transition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer Biology and Angiogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. rbacheld@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Robin E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bachelder
authors.forename: Sang-Oh
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franci
authors.forename: Antonio García
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: de Herreros
authors.forename: Arthur M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mercurio
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3