title: Evaluation of efficacy and tolerability of Losartan and Ramipril combination in the management of hypertensive patients with associated diabetes mellitus in India (LORD Trial).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was conducted to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of fixed dose combination (FDC) of Losartan and Ramipril in the management of mild to moderate hypertensive Native Asian Indian patients with associated diabetes mellitus. The secondary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of the combination in reducing microalbuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was an open, non-comparative, multicentric clinical trial conducted in seven Indian centres in 315 eligible patients. All the patients were treated with Losartan 50 mg + Ramipril 2.5 mg or Losartan 50 mg + Ramipril 5 mg once a day in 12 weeks and consisted of a total of eight visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of patients was 52.93 years (range 45 - 60 years). Of the total patients, 62.86% were males and 37.14% were females. The mean prestudy systolic blood pressure was 160.56 +/- 14.44 which was significantly reduced to 126.85 +/- 9.78 at the end of 12 weeks (P < 0.001). Similarly the mean diastolic blood pressure was 98.91 +/- 8.33 at baseline (stage I) which was significantly reduced to 79.82 +/- 5.42 at the end of 12 weeks (P < 0.001). A mean fall of 33.72 mmHg in systolic blood pressure and the mean fall of 19.10 mmHg was observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively at the end of the treatment which was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). The JNC-VII goal of blood pressure < 130/80 was achieved in 79.05% patients after the treatment which losartan and ramipril combination only. Microalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion > 30 but < 300 mg/day) was seen in 83/250 (33.2%) patients and 135 (54%) patients had clinical proteinuria (albuminuria) at baseline. At the end of the therapy 20.8% patients achieved normoalbuminuria. Good to excellent efficacy response was reported in 98.09% patients and 98.41% patients reported good to excellent tolerability to the treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fixed dose combination of Losartan and Ramipril showed good to excellent efficacy response in 98.10% patients and achieved a target blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg in 79.05% patients in 12 weeks. The combination reduced the urinary albumin excretion in majority of the patients with microalbuminuria and proteinuria (the major marker of nephropathy).
authors.affiliation: Asian Health Care, Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai.
authors.forename: Shashank R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Yeolekar
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giri
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Maity
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gujarathi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maroli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maity
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000150:complications*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019808:Losartan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017257:Ramipril / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D019808:Losartan; D017257:Ramipril