title: Managing patients with an overactive bladder and glaucoma: a questionnaire survey of Japanese urologists on the use of anticholinergics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the views of urologists on the use of anticholinergic drugs for treating the overactive bladder (OAB) in patients with glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In February 2004 a self-description questionnaire was mailed to all 417 urologists who were members of the Tokai Society of Voiding Dysfunction, to determine current practice in Japan for patients with an OAB and glaucoma. Subgroups were analysed between the types of practice and the duration since the urologists had graduated from medical school.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 155 respondents, 76 (49%) routinely enquired about a history of glaucoma before prescribing anticholinergics, and 45 (29%) routinely referred patients with such a history to ophthalmologists. To treat patients with OAB and glaucoma, 102 (66%) would prescribe anticholinergics if permission were available from the ophthalmologist, 33 (21%) chose other treatments and 17 (11%) abandoned treatment. Forty-nine urologists (32%) were currently prescribing anticholinergics to patients with glaucoma. As to knowledge about glaucoma, 132 (85%) urologists knew that there were two types of glaucoma and 98 (63%) knew about laser iridotomy. The proportion of urologists who knew of the two types of glaucoma and asked patients for this information was significantly higher in university than in general hospitals (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although anticholinergic drugs can precipitate angle-closure glaucoma by pupillary block, they are not contraindicated in open-angle glaucoma or in angle-closure glaucoma that has already been treated by laser iridotomy. Not all urologists are aware of this difference, at least in Japan. Some urologists avoid anticholinergics in all patients with glaucoma, while others pay little attention to glaucoma. Routine history taking and referral to ophthalmologists allows many patients with OAB and glaucoma to benefit safely from anticholinergics. Moreover, clinicians should be aware of patients with OAB who have not been evaluated by ophthalmologists but who are at risk of angle-closure glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan. kumi.kato@nifty.com
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tatsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: Momokazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gotoh
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards; D000075202:Contraindications; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists