title: Cerebrovascular effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An understanding of cerebro-vascular effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is essential, since SSRIs are a widely used antidepressant, serotonin is a vasoactive and thrombostatic amine, and there is a bidirectional relationship between depression and cerebrovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE search was performed to identify published reports over the period of 1966 through 2003, using the terms SSRIs and antidepressants matched with the terms platelets, coagulation, anticoagulation, bleeding, fibrinolysis, thrombosis, embolism, cerebral ischemia, stroke, cerebrovascular accident, acute and chronic cerebrovascular disease, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebrovascular disorder, and cerebral circulation. Adverse event reports collected from the World Health Organization (WHO), manufacturers, and the Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two case-control studies failed to show an association between SSRI use and intracranial hemorrhage, and of these, 1 showed no association with ischemic stroke. Sixteen studies of SSRI treatment in poststroke patients found no significant cerebrovascular adverse reactions. The WHO data have shown several hundred cases of SSRI-associated cerebrovascular disease, but definitive causal relationships remain undetermined. Four cases of vasoconstrictive stroke related to drug interactions between SSRIs and other serotonergic drugs have been reported. PDR and manufacturer reference sources categorized cerebrovascular reaction as an infrequent or rare adverse event related to SSRI use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Available evidence suggests that SSRI treatment has a very low rate of cerebrovascular adverse reaction. Pharmacovigilance is required in the use of SSRIs in high-risk populations for bleeding and vasoconstrictive stroke. More research is warranted to examine the variability of pharmacologic and genetic factors, depressive illness, and stroke on the antiplatelet and vasospastic effects of SSRIs and their significance to cerebrovascular protection or adverse reactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. rramasaub@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: Rajamannar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramasubbu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020521:Stroke / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors