title: Expression of the receptor of advanced glycation end products in gingival tissues of type 2 diabetes patients with chronic periodontal disease: a study utilizing immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is well established. It has been shown that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) might exert noxious effects on gingival tissues through its receptor. Evidence for the role of receptors of AGE (RAGE) in periodontal disease was verified in a murine model for diabetes. However, the presence of RAGE in human gingival tissues has not been demonstrated previously. In this study we demonstrate the presence of RAGE in human periodontium in patients with chronic periodontitis with and without type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gingival biopsies from eight patients with both type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis and 14 healthy control subjects with chronic periodontitis were immunohistochemically stained for RAGE. Five samples from the study groups and four controls were subjected to reverse transcriptase coupled to polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for quantitative determination of mRNA for RAGE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On immunohistochemistry, positive staining for RAGE was seen in the endothelium and the basal and spinous layer of the inflamed gingival epithelium in both type 2 diabetes and non-diabetes tissue with no statistically significant difference between both groups. RT-PCR, however, showed a 50% increase in mRNA for RAGE in the gingiva of diabetic patients when compared with controls (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there was no change in the staining intensity for RAGE between both groups, the increase in the mRNA for RAGE in the type 2 diabetes gingival epithelium may indicate a possible involvement of this receptor in the periodontal destruction in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0416, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Farkhondeh-Kish
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Caudle
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Heft
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000032:analysis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic