title: Normal values of the sagittal diameter of the lumbar spine (vertebral body and dural sac) in children measured by MRI.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The definition of normal values is a prerequisite for the reliable evaluation of abnormality in the lumbar spine, such as spinal canal stenosis or dural ectasia in patients with Marfan syndrome. Values for vertebral body diameter (VBD) and dural sac diameter (DSD) for the lumbar spine have been published in adults. In children, normal values have been established using conventional radiography or myelography, but not by MRI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define normal values for the sagittal diameter of the vertebral body and dural sac, and to calculate a dural sac ratio (DSR) in the lumbosacral spine (L1-S1) in healthy children using MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 75 healthy children between 6 years and 17 years of age were examined using a sagittal T2-weighted sequence. Sagittal VBD and DSD were measured and a DSR was calculated. This was a retrospective and cross-sectional study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With increasing age there is a significant increase of VBD, a slight increase of DSD, and a slight decrease of DSR. There is no significant sex difference. DSR in healthy children is higher than in healthy adults.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRI is a reliable method demonstrating the natural shape of the lumbosacral spine and its absolute values. These normal values compare well with those established by conventional radiological techniques. Our data may serve as a reference for defining dural ectasia in children with Marfan syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. walter.knirsch@kispi.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Knirsch
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Häffner
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kececioglu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004388:Dura Mater / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012447:Sacrum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013115:Spinal Canal / Q000033:anatomy & histology