title: Rap1GAP2 is a new GTPase-activating protein of Rap1 expressed in human platelets.
abstract: The Ras-like guanine-nucleotide-binding protein Rap1 controls integrin alpha(IIb)beta3 activity and platelet aggregation. Recently, we have found that Rap1 activation can be blocked by the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling pathway by type 1 cGMP-dependent protein kinase (cGKI). In search of possible targets of NO/cGMP/cGKI, we studied the expression of Rap1-specific GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in platelets. We could detect mRNAs for a new protein most closely related to Rap1GAP and for postsynaptic density-95 discs-large and zona occludens protein 1 (PDZ)-GEF1 and CalDAG-GEFs I and III. Using 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), we isolated the complete cDNA of the new GAP encoding a 715-amino acid protein, which we have termed Rap1GAP2. Rap1GAP2 is expressed in at least 3 splice variants, 2 of which are detectable in platelets. Endogenous Rap1GAP2 protein partially colocalizes with Rap1 in human platelets. In transfected cells, we show that Rap1GAP2 exhibits strong GTPase-stimulating activity toward Rap1. Rap1GAP2 is highly phosphorylated, and we have identified cGKI as a Rap1GAP2 kinase. cGKI phosphorylates Rap1GAP2 exclusively on serine 7, a residue present only in the platelet splice variants of Rap1GAP2. Phosphorylation of Rap1GAP2 by cGKI might mediate inhibitory effects of NO/cGMP on Rap1. Rap1GAP2 is the first GTPase-activating protein of Rap1 found in platelets and is likely to have an important regulatory role in platelet aggregation.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biochemistry II, University of Frankfurt Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schultess
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Danielewski
authors.forename: Albert P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Smolenski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005260:Female; D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012326:RNA Splicing; D011817:Rabbits; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020690:GTPase-Activating Proteins; D020662:Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors; C500320:RAP1GAP2 protein, human; D012694:Serine