title: p27Kip1 acts downstream of N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion to promote myogenesis beyond cell cycle regulation.
abstract: It is widely acknowledged that cultured myoblasts can not differentiate at very low density. Here we analyzed the mechanism through which cell density influences myogenic differentiation in vitro. By comparing the behavior of C2C12 myoblasts at opposite cell densities, we found that, when cells are sparse, failure to undergo terminal differentiation is independent from cell cycle control and reflects the lack of p27Kip1 and MyoD in proliferating myoblasts. We show that inhibition of p27Kip1 expression impairs C2C12 cell differentiation at high density, while exogenous p27Kip1 allows low-density cultured C2C12 cells to enter the differentiative program by regulating MyoD levels in undifferentiated myoblasts. We also demonstrate that the early induction of p27Kip1 is a critical step of the N-cadherin-dependent signaling involved in myogenesis. Overall, our data support an active role of p27Kip1 in the decision of myoblasts to commit to terminal differentiation, distinct from the regulation of cell proliferation, and identify a pathway that, reasonably, operates in vivo during myogenesis and might be part of the phenomenon known as "community effect".
authors.affiliation: Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e dello Sviluppo, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185 Roma, Italy.
authors.forename: Graziella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Messina
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blasi
authors.forename: Severina Anna
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: La Rocca
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: Attilio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calconi
authors.forename: Milena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grossi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015820:Cadherins / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; C493962:Cdkn1b protein, rat; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D017570:MyoD Protein; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D012313:RNA