title: High-frequency rTMS improves time perception in Parkinson disease.
abstract: Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) are impaired in time processing. The authors investigated the effects of high-frequency (5 Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in patients with PD performing a time reproduction task. The authors found significant improvement in time processing induced by rTMS when trains were applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) but not over the supplementary motor area, suggesting that the circuit involving the basal ganglia and the DLPFC might constitute the neural network subserving time perception.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Laboratorio di Neurologia Clinica e Comportamentale, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy. giakoch@libero.it.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oliveri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brusa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stanzione
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Torriero
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caltagirone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013998:Time Perception; D016896:Treatment Outcome