title: Mathematical skills in Prader-Willi Syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper investigates mathematical skills in Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS), a pathological condition because of congenital alterations of chromosome pair 15. The following questions were addressed: (1) Are mathematical skills in PWS relatively more impaired with respect to other cognitive functions (as has been repeatedly but anecdotally reported)?; and (2) What is the nature of the mathematical impairment?
  
  
  METHODS
  The first study employed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and an extensive battery of cognitive tasks for which norms are known. Both batteries include a mathematical section. The second study used a theoretically motivated series of mathematical tasks specifically designed to individually assess the different cognitive components underlying mathematical skills.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mathematical skills were found to be the most impaired cognitive abilities together with short-term memory capacity. No specific mathematical domain was seen to be unaffected in PWS participants. The clearest deficits observed concern 'syntactic' processes in number transcoding, multiplication, number facts retrieval and calculation procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Failure of mathematical skills is the most distinctive feature in the cognitive profile of PWS. However, to determine whether this is indeed a specific pattern of performance related to PWS, results must be compared with those obtained with patients manifesting other genetic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Psychological Research Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bertella
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Girelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grugni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Semenza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics