title: Influences of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis on cancerous invasion in experimentally induced tongue carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although it is clear that dissemination via the blood system involves angiogenesis, it is uncertain whether tumors also induce lymphangiogenesis or simply invade existing peritumoral vessels. The purpose of this study was to elucidate changes in tumor blood and lymph vessels in cases involving the invasion of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity, and its significance. Blood and lymph vessels densities in tongue carcinomas induced in hamsters were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tongue cancer was induced by abrading the right margin of the tongue of each hamster with an endodontic barbed broach and subsequently applying 1.0% 9,10-dimenthl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) dissolved in acetone, three times a week, at the same site. Fresh frozen sections were prepared and blood vessels stained blue by perfusion with Coomassie Brilliant Blue and lymph vessels stained brown for 5'-nucleotidase. The effects on the blood vessels and lymph vessels were observed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that blood and lymph vessel densities were greater in the advanced carcinoma tissues than in normal tissue. These were compared in terms of the mode of cancer invasion. As tumor invasion progressed, the blood vessel density decreased but lymph vessel density tended to be higher in high-degree tumor invasion than in low-degree tumor invasion. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C was seen more frequently as tumor invasion progressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings indicated that angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are affected by cancerous invasion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan. h-nakaya@oral.m.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakaya
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawashiri
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Natsuyo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Koroku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hase
authors.forename: Etsuhide
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D006224:Cricetinae; D042583:Lymphangiogenesis; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology*; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D015127:9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene