title: Characteristics of successful early intervention programs.
abstract: A plethora of terms and titles are currently used to describe early intervention programs. The terms "Critical Incident Stress Management Team," "Rapid Response Team," "Community Crisis Response Program," "Critical Incident Stress Team," "Staff Support Team," "Critical Incident Support Team," "Critical Incident Support Services," and "Assaulted Staff Action Program" are among many titles utilized to name a variety of crisis response programs. Additionally, crisis intervention services use different tactics to aim at a wide range of populations from primary victims to community groups, military service personnel, and emergency services responders. Some program titles contain within them relatively specific descriptions of the team's main functions or areas of responsibility. Others may generate misunderstanding or confusion about the purpose of the teams. The end result may be that individuals or organizations requesting assistance from a team or program may be uncertain that they have contacted the right team to support them. Furthermore, no title, no matter how creative or descriptive it is, can indicate if the team or program has a greater or lesser potential to be of assistance by providing the right services during a crisis. This article focuses on the key characteristics of well-organized crisis intervention or, more precisely, "critical incident stress management" program. It also offers guidelines for identifying early intervention programs that have the best potential to provide efficient and effective early intervention services to those who request assistance.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Health Services Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore 21250, USA. jmitch@umbc.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D003419:Crisis Intervention / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D007857:Leadership; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D015397:Program Evaluation; D013997:Time Factors