title: Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor does not improve paclitaxel effect in an orthotopic mouse model of lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose is to evaluate whether inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation by PKI166, an EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, affects growth of human lung cancer implanted orthotopically into the lungs of nude mice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lungs of mice were injected with NCI-H358 human bronchioloalveolar cancer cells. In three experiments, groups of mice (n = 10 per group) were randomized 7 days after tumor implantation to receive one of the following treatments: i.p. paclitaxel 100 or 200 microg (4 or 8 mg/kg) once per week, oral PKI166 100 or 200 mg/kg three times per week, paclitaxel plus PKI166, or i.p. saline and oral PKI166-vehicle (control) for 5 weeks. Mice were killed 6.5 to 8 weeks after tumor implantation. The experiments were repeated with PC14PE6 human lung adenocarcinoma cells to assess effect on survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the expression and phosphorylation of EGFR in the growing tumors. Treatment with PKI166 alone or in combination with paclitaxel diminished activation of EGFR on tumor cells, yet maximal therapeutic effect was observed in mice treated with paclitaxel alone. Activated mitogen-activated protein kinase and basic fibroblast growth factor expression were similar in all treatment groups. Survival in mice treated with the combination of paclitaxel and PKI166 was shorter than in those treated with paclitaxel alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that concurrent administration of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor and chemotherapy is equivalent and may indeed be inferior to chemotherapy alone, even if EGFR is functional and its phosphorylation effectively inhibited. Our data show that the interaction of EGFR-TKIs and chemotherapy is complex and suggest that other growth factors may activate the downstream signaling events.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, usa.
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onn
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Isobe
authors.forename: Wenjuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itasaka
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Yokoi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kenji
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: O'reilly
authors.forename: Isaiah J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Fidler
authors.forename: Roy S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Herbst
mesh_terms: D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D023421:Models, Animal; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011758:Pyrroles; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C410026:PKI 166; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D017239:Paclitaxel