title: Combining fosamprenavir with lopinavir/ritonavir substantially reduces amprenavir and lopinavir exposure: ACTG protocol A5143 results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate fosamprenavir/lopinavir (LPV)/ritonavir (RTV), fosamprenavir/RTV, or LPV/RTV in antiretroviral treatment-experienced patients. Lack of drug interaction data prompted a pharmacokinetic substudy to minimize subject risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multi-center, open-label, selectively randomized, steady-state pharmacokinetic study in HIV-infected subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A planned independent interim review occurred after at least eight subjects were randomized to each arm. Subjects received twice daily LPV/RTV 400/100 mg (arm A; n = 8); fosamprenavir/RTV 700/100 mg (arm B; n = 8) or LPV/RTV/fosamprenavir 400/100/700 mg (arm C; n = 17). Plasma samples were collected over 12 h between study weeks 2 and 4. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared based on a one-sided t-test on log-transformed data with a Peto stopping boundary (P < 0.001).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amprenavir mean area under the curve over 12 h (AUC0-12 h) and concentration at 12 h (C12 h) (microg/ml) were, respectively, 42.7 microg x h/ml (range, 33.1-55.1) and 2.4 microg/ml (range, 1.4-3.2) in arm B and 17.4 microg x h/ml (range, 4.6-41.3) and 0.9 microg/ml (range, 0.2-2.7) in arm C: geometric mean ratio (GMR) arm C:B was 0.36 [99.9% upper confidence boundary (UCB), 0.64] and 0.31 (99.9% h UCB, 0.61), respectively (P < or = 0.0001). Lopinavir AUC0-12 h and C12 h were, respectively, 95.3 microg x h/ml (range, 60.3-119.3) and 6.3 microg/ml (range, 2.2-9.2) in arm A and 54.4 microg x h/ml (range, 23.5-112.2) and 3.0 microg/ml (range, 0.4-7.9) in arm C: GMR arm C:A of 0.52 (99.9% UCB, 0.89) and 0.39 (99.9% UCB, 0.98), respectively (P < or = 0.0008). Ritonavir exposure was not significantly different between arms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APV and LPV exposures are significantly reduced using LPV/RTV/fosamprenavir, possibly increasing the risk of virologic failure. Consequently, A5143 was closed to enrollment.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. akashuba@unc.edu
authors.forename: Angela Dm
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kashuba
authors.forename: Camlin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tierney
authors.forename: Gerald F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Downey
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Acosta
authors.forename: Emanuel N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Vergis
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klingman
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mellors
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eshleman
authors.forename: Trevor R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Ann C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Collier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002219:Carbamates; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005663:Furans; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D005663:Furans; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D010755:Organophosphates; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D013449:Sulfonamides; D061466:Lopinavir; C095108:amprenavir; D019438:Ritonavir; C426859:fosamprenavir