title: [Survey on visual and musculoskeletal symptoms in VDT workers].
abstract: With the spread of visual display terminals (VDT) in offices, the numbers of workers using VDT and the working hours at such equipment have increased rapidly in recent years. Also, preventive measures for fatigue have been proposed and the office-working environment has been improved. To examine the effects of the rapid changes in working conditions and environment on the health of VDT workers, we conducted a questionnaire survey in 2002. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed to 3,927 office workers; 2,374 (60.5%) responded. Subjects whose questionnaires had missing data were excluded from analysis. As a result, 1,406 (male: 1,069, female: 337) workers aged 20 to 59 were subjected to analysis. By a logistic regression model, we examined the association between VDT use and visual and musculoskeletal symptoms. Prevalence of eye strain and/or pain (72.1%) was the highest, followed by neck stiffness and/or pain (59.3%), low back stiffness and/or pain (30.0%) and hand or arm strain and/or pain (13.9%). Women consistently reported more discomfort than men. As a result of the logistic regression model, eye strain and/or pain was associated with dissatisfaction with airflow, but not with factors affecting visual symptoms as reported in previous studies, for example, reflection of light and blurred characters on the screen. It was thought that airflow appeared as a risk factor because the lighting environment had been improved in offices to prevent reflection of light on the screen. Neck stiffness and/or pain was associated with raising the shoulders during VDT work, the unsuitable shape of the computer mouse for a hand, and the inconvenient arrangement of the mouse in relation to the body. Hand or arm strain and/or pain were associated with the arrangement of the mouse and inappropriate height of the desk. Low back stiffness and/or pain were associated with dissatisfaction with the chair and using the keyboard without a wrist rest. Although measures to prevent fatigue had been implemented for VDT workers, risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms would be the same as in previous studies.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Industrial Health, 21-1, Nagao 6-chome, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8585, Japan. iwakiri@niih.go.jp
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwakiri
authors.forename: Ippei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sotoyama
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horiguchi
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jonai
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001248:Asthenopia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016288:Computer Terminals; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014937:Work / Q000523:psychology