Attitudes on euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide and terminal sedation--a survey of the members of the German Association for Palliative Medicine.
BACKGROUND
Due to recent legislations on euthanasia and its current practice in the Netherlands and Belgium, issues of end-of-life medicine have become very vital in many European countries. In 2002, the Ethics Working Group of the German Association for Palliative Medicine (DGP) has conducted a survey among its physician members in order to evaluate their attitudes towards different end-of-life medical practices, such as euthanasia (EUT), physician-assisted suicide (PAS), and terminal sedation (TS).


METHODS
An anonymous questionnaire was sent to the 411 DGP physicians, consisting of 14 multiple choice questions on positions that might be adopted in different hypothetical scenarios on situations of "intolerable suffering" in end-of-life care. For the sake of clarification, several definitions and legal judgements of different terms used in the German debate on premature termination of life were included. For statistical analysis t-tests and Pearson-correlations were used.


RESULTS
The response rate was 61% (n = 251). The proportions of the respondents who were opposed to legalizing different forms of premature termination of life were: 90% opposed to EUT, 75% to PAS, 94% to PAS for psychiatric patients. Terminal sedation was accepted by 94% of the members. The main decisional bases drawn on for the answers were personal ethical values, professional experience with palliative care, knowledge of alternative approaches, knowledge of ethical guidelines and of the national legal frame.


CONCLUSIONS
In sharp contrast to similar surveys conducted in other countries, only a minority of 9.6% of the DGP physicians supported the legalization of EUT. The misuse of medical knowledge for inhumane killing in the Nazi period did not play a relevant role for the respondents' negative attitude towards EUT. Palliative care needs to be stronger established and promoted within the German health care system in order to improve the quality of end-of-life situations which subsequently is expected to lead to decreasing requests for EUT by terminally ill patients.
Müller-Busch
H C
HC
Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Therapy and Palliative Care, GK Havelhöhe, D-14089 Berlin, Germany.
Oduncu
F S
FS
Woskanjan
S
S
Klaschik
E
E
D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D005065:Euthanasia / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000941:ethics*; D010820:Physicians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017236:Suicide, Assisted / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires