title: Favourable association of leg fat with cardiovascular risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association of trunk and leg fat mass (FM) and leg lean tissue mass (LTM) with conventional cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 1249 men and 3007 women (age 20-79 years) who attended a research institute for a health checkup between October 1995 and February 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and haemoglobin A(1C) were measured. Trunk FM, leg FM and leg LTM were obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We evaluated the associations between the indices for regional body composition and cardiovascular risk factors, which included hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, hypo-HDL cholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increase in WC and HC respectively showed increase and decrease in odds ratios of cardiovascular risk factors. Increase in trunk FM by 1 kg significantly increased the risk of the cardiovascular risk factors with the odds ratios ranging between 1.11 and 1.45. Increase in leg FM by 1 kg significantly decreased the risk with the odds ratios ranging between 0.52 and 0.90, except for the nonsignificant results for hypercholesterolaemia and hypo-HDL cholesterolaemia in men. Odds ratios of 1 kg increase in leg LTM were only significant for dyslipidaemia in men and hypercholesterolaemia in women (both 0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  WC and HC showed opposite and independent associations with cardiovascular risk factors. The favourable association of HC was mainly attributable to that of leg FM.
authors.affiliation: Fukuoka Health Promotion Foundation, Kyushu Universith Graduate School of Medicine Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Egami
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohoto
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hijii
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jingu
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications; D007866:Leg / Q000473:pathology*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors