title: Differential incorporation of halogenated deoxyuridines during UV-induced DNA repair synthesis in human cells.
abstract: Double labeling of interphase and metaphase chromosomes by 5-chlorodeoxyuridine (CldU) and 5-iododeoxyuridine (IdU) has been used in studies of the dynamics of DNA replication. Here, we have used this approach and confocal microscopy to analyze sites of DNA repair synthesis during nucleotide excision repair (NER) in quiescent human fibroblasts. Surprisingly, we have found that when both precursors are added at the same time to UV-irradiated cells they label different sites in the nucleus. In contrast, even very short periods of simultaneous IdU+CldU labeling of S-phase cells produced mostly overlapped IdU and CldU replication foci. The differential labeling of repair sites might be due to compartmentalization of I-dUTP and Cl-dUTP pools, or to differential utilization of these thymidine analogs by DNA polymerases delta and epsilon (Poldelta and Polepsilon). To explore the latter possibility we used purified mammalian polymerases to find that I-dUTP is efficiently utilized by both Poldelta and Polepsilon. However, we found that the UV-induced incorporation of IdU was more strongly stimulated by treatment of cells with hydroxyurea than was incorporation of CldU. This indicates that there may be distinct IdU and CldU-derived nucleotide pools differentially affected by inhibition of the ribonucleotide reductase pathway of dNTP synthesis and that is consistent with the view that differential incorporation of IdU and CldU during NER may be caused by compartmentalization of IdU- and CldU-derived nucleotide pools.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chromosome Stability, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Svetlova
authors.forename: Liudmila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Solovjeva
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blasius
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shevelev
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hubscher
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanawalt
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tomilin
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism*; D004257:DNA Polymerase II / Q000378:metabolism; D004258:DNA Polymerase III / Q000378:metabolism; D004260:DNA Repair; D003857:Deoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000494:pharmacology; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D016196:S Phase; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D004257:DNA Polymerase II; D004258:DNA Polymerase III; D003857:Deoxyuridine; D006918:Hydroxyurea