title: ATP-driven stepwise rotation of FoF1-ATP synthase.
abstract: FoF1-ATP synthase (FoF1) is a motor enzyme that couples ATP synthesis/hydrolysis with a transmembrane proton translocation. F1, a water-soluble ATPase portion of FoF1, rotates by repeating ATP-waiting dwell, 80 degrees substep rotation, catalytic dwell, and 40 degrees -substep rotation. Compared with F1, rotation of FoF1 has yet been poorly understood, and, here, we analyzed ATP-driven rotations of FoF1. Rotation was probed with an 80-nm bead attached to the ring of c subunits in the immobilized FoF1 and recorded with a submillisecond fast camera. The rotation rates at various ATP concentrations obeyed the curve defined by a Km of approximately 30 microM and a Vmax of approximately 350 revolutions per second (at 37 degrees C). At low ATP, ATP-waiting dwell was seen and the kon-ATP was estimated to be 3.6 x 10(7) M(-1) x s(-1). At high ATP, fast, poorly defined stepwise motions were observed that probably reflect the catalytic dwells. When a slowly hydrolyzable substrate, adenosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate, was used, the catalytic dwells consisting of two events were seen more clearly at the angular position of approximately 80 degrees . The rotational behavior of FoF1 resembles that of F1. This finding indicates that "friction" in Fo motor is negligible during the ATP-driven rotation. Tributyltin chloride, a specific inhibitor of proton translocation, slowed the rotation rate by 96%. However, dwells at clearly defined angular positions were not observed under these conditions, indicating that inhibition by tributyltin chloride is complex.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kinosita
authors.forename: Masasuke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001407:Bacillus / Q000201:enzymology; D004024:Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012399:Rotation
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; C022571:adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate); D004024:Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006180:Proton-Translocating ATPases