title: Persistence of extracellular baculoviral DNA in aquatic microcosms: extraction, purification, and amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
abstract: Genetically-modified baculoviruses have potential uses as bio-pesticides in forestry. However, the baculoviral occlusion bodies (OBs) may release genetically-modified DNA into the forest environment. In this research, outdoor aquatic microcosms, spiked with 673 microg of genomic DNA (4.4 x 10(12) target copies) from the genetically modified baculovirus Choristoneura fumiferana MNPVegt-/lacZ+, were exposed to natural summer conditions. A 530 bp DNA fragment from the genome of CfMNPVegt-/lacZ+ was detected in field microcosm water samples for about 24 h. The introduced DNA may have persisted for a longer time, but was below the detection limit of the PCR analysis (13.5 pg DNA or 8.9 x 10(4) target copies ml(-1) water). The detection limit of PCR was determined by spiking water samples with a dilution series of CfMNPVegt-/lacZ+ genomic DNA, extracting and purifying the DNA, and then PCR analysis. This study provides some of the first information on the persistence and detection limits of this viral DNA under aquatic ecological conditions, and the methods that can be used to conduct such a molecular-based field study.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Department of Environmental Biology, Ontario Agricultural College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1.
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: England
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pollok
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kreutzweiser
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fick
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Trevors
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D016367:Baculoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D017753:Ecosystem; D016468:Forestry; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D007763:Lac Operon
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral