Micellar electrokinetic chromatographic and capillary zone electrophoretic methods for screening urinary biomarkers of human disorders: a critical review of the state-of-the-art.
Human urine plays a central role in clinical diagnostic being one of the most-frequently used body fluid for detection of biological markers. Samples from patients with different diseases display patterns of biomarkers that differ significantly from those obtained from healthy subjects. The availability of fast, reproducible, and easy-to-apply analytical techniques that would allow identification of a large number of these analytes is thus highly desiderable since they may provide detailed information about the progression of a pathological process. From among the variety of methods so far applied for the determination of urinary metabolites, capillary electrophoresis, both in the capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) modes, represents a robust and reliable analytical tool widely used in this area. The aim of the present article is to focus the interest of the reader on recent applications of MEKC and CZE in the field of urinary biomarkers and to discuss advantages and/or limitations of each mode.
Iadarola
Paolo
P
Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Cetta
Giuseppe
G
Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Luisetti
Maurizio
M
Laboratorio di Biochimica e Genetica, Clinica di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
Annovazzi
Laura
L
Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Casado
Begona
B
Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.|Division of Rheumatology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Baraniuk
James
J
Division of Rheumatology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Zanone
Chiara
C
Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Viglio
Simona
S
Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D002239:Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000652:urine; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006728:Hormones / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000652:urine; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000652:urine; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D011686:Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000652:urine
D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D002395:Catecholamines; D006728:Hormones; D010455:Peptides; D011166:Porphyrins