title: Efficacy of trimedoxime in mice poisoned with dichlorvos, heptenophos or monocrotophos.
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine antidotal potency of trimedoxime in mice poisoned with three direct dimethoxy-substituted organophosphorus inhibitors. In order to assess the protective efficacy of trimedoxime against dichlorvos, heptenophos or monocrotophos, median effective doses and efficacy half-times were calculated. Trimedoxime (24 mg/kg intravenously) was injected 5 min. before 1.3 LD50 intravenously of poisons. Activities of brain, diaphragmal and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase, as well as of plasma carboxylesterases were determined at different time intervals (10, 40 and 60 min.) after administration of the antidotes. Protective effect of trimedoxime decreased according to the following order: monocrotophos > heptenophos > dichlorvos. Administration of the oxime produced a significant reactivation of central and peripheral acetylcholinesterase inhibited with dichlorvos and heptenophos, with the exception of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase inhibited by heptenophos. Surprisingly, trimedoxime did not induce reactivation of monocrotophos-inhibited acetylcholinesterase in any of the tissues tested. These organophosphorus compounds produced a significant inhibition of plasma carboxylesterase activity, while administration of trimedoxime led to regeneration of the enzyme activity. The same dose of trimedoxime assured survival of experimental animals poisoned by all three organophosphorus compounds, although the biochemical findings were quite different.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Toxicological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, Serbia and Montenegro. abiljana@pharmacy.bg.ac.yu
authors.forename: Biljana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antonijević
authors.forename: Dubravko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bokonjić
authors.forename: Milos P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Stojiljković
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kilibarda
authors.forename: Zoran A
authors.initials: ZA
authors.lastname: Milovanović
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nedeljković
authors.forename: Matej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maksimović
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D043182:Carboxylesterase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004006:Dichlorvos / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008999:Monocrotophos / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000506:poisoning*; D062025:Organophosphate Poisoning; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010091:Oximes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D014289:Trimedoxime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010091:Oximes; D014289:Trimedoxime; D008999:Monocrotophos; D004006:Dichlorvos; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D000109:Acetylcholine; C014022:heptenophos