title: Alterations in protein expression in HL-60 cells during etoposide-induced apoptosis modulated by the caspase inhibitor ZVAD.fmk.
abstract: DNA topoisomerase inhibitors induce a specific signaling cascade that promotes an active apoptotic caspase-dependent cell death process. However, little is known about the initial signals elicited by these agents. In the present study, we compared apoptosis in HL-60 cells treated either with the chemotherapeutic drug etoposide (VP16) alone or combined with the broad caspase inhibitor ZVAD.fmk. Apoptosis was assessed by changes in cell morphology and agarose gel electrophoresis of extracted cell DNA. We found that ZVAD.fmk prevents VP16-induced DNA fragmentation and the appearance of an increased number of apoptotic cells in the culture. We also compared the effects of etoposide alone or together with the pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD.fmk on proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bcl-2, and actin expression in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. In addition, we screened for proteins that were initially upregulated in a caspase-dependent manner. Indeed, some proteins were induced in the cytoplasm and subsequently accumulated in the nuclei after etoposide treatment. This process was slightly inhibited by the caspase inhibitor ZVAD.fmk. We suggest that these proteins are associated with the induction of specific signaling cascades that characterize the apoptotic cell death process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, LT-08662 Vilnius, Lithuania. ruta.navakauskiene@bchi.lt
authors.forename: Ruta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Navakauskiene
authors.forename: Grazina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Treigyte
authors.forename: Jurate
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savickiene
authors.forename: Arunas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gineitis
authors.forename: Karl-Eric
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Magnusson
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D005047:Etoposide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D005047:Etoposide