title: Potent plasmodicidal activity of a heat-induced reformulation of deoxycholate-amphotericin B (Fungizone) against Plasmodium falciparum.
abstract: The emergence and spread of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum continue to pose problems in malaria chemotherapy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new antimalarial drugs and therapeutic strategies. In the present study, the activity of a heat-treated form of amphotericin B (HT-AMB) against P. falciparum was evaluated. The efficacy and toxicity of HT-AMB were also compared with those of the standard formulation (AMB). HT-AMB showed significant activity against a chloroquine-resistant strain (strain K-1) and a chloroquine-susceptible strain (strain FCR-3) in vitro. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of HT-AMB were 0.32 +/- 0.03 mug/ml for strain K-1 and 0.33 +/- 0.03 mug/ml for strain FCR-3. In the presence of 1.0 mug of HT-AMB per ml, only pyknotic parasites were observed after 24 h of incubation of early trophozoites (ring forms). However, when late trophozoites and schizonts were cultured with 1.0 mug of HT-AMB per ml, those forms multiplied to ring forms but the number of infected erythrocytes did not increase. These results indicate that HT-AMB possesses potent antiplasmodial activity and that the drug is more effective against the ring-form stage than against the late trophozoite and schizont stages. HT-AMB was observed to have little cytotoxic effect against a human liver cell line (Chang liver cells). In conclusion, the results suggest that HT-AMB has promising properties and merits further in vivo investigations as a treatment for falciparum malaria.
authors.affiliation: Gunma University School of Health Sciences, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8514, Japan. hatabu@health.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshimitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatabu
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Nao
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kano
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000962:Antimalarials; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000962:Antimalarials; D000666:Amphotericin B