Stroke and TGF-beta proteins: glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and bone morphogenetic protein.
Recent studies have indicated that proteins in the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily alter damage induced by various neuronal injuries. Of these proteins, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) have unique protective and regenerative effects in stroke animals. Delivery of GDNF or BMP-7 to brain tissue reduced cerebral infarction and improved motor functions in stroke animals. Pretreatment with these factors reduced caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation in the ischemic brain region, suggesting that antiapoptotic effects are involved. Beside the protective effects, BMP-7 given after stroke improves locomotor function. These regenerative effects of BMP-7 may involve the enhancement of dendritic growth and remodeling. In this review, we illustrate the neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties of GDNF and BMP-7 and emphasize their therapeutic potential for stroke.
Harvey
Brandon K
BK
Neural Protection and Regeneration Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21124, USA.
Hoffer
Barry J
BJ
Wang
Yun
Y
D000818:Animals; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D020521:Stroke / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C495039:GDNF protein, human; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta