title: Exercise training improves endogenous nitric oxide mechanisms within the paraventricular nucleus in rats with heart failure.
abstract: Previously, we have demonstrated that an altered endogenous nitric oxide (NO) mechanism within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to increased renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) in heart failure (HF) rats. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of exercise training (ExT) in improving the endogenous NO mechanism within the PVN involved in the regulation of RSNA in rats with HF. ExT significantly restored the decreased number of neuronal NO synthase (nNOS)-positive neurons in the PVN (129 +/- 17 vs. 99 +/- 6). nNOS mRNA expression and protein levels in the PVN were also significantly increased in HF-ExT rats compared with HF-sedentary rats. To examine the functional role of NO within the PVN, an inhibitor of NOS, N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, was microinjected into the PVN. Dose-dependent increases in RSNA, arterial blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) were produced in all rats. There was a blunted increase in these parameters in HF rats compared with the sham-operated rats. ExT significantly augmented RSNA responses in rats with HF (33% vs. 20% at the highest dose), thus normalizing the responses. The NO donor sodium nitroprusside, microinjected into the PVN, produced dose-dependent decreases in RSNA, BP, and HR in both sham and HF rats. ExT significantly improved the blunted decrease in RSNA in HF rats (36% vs. 17% at the highest dose). In conclusion, our data indicate that ExT improves the altered NO mechanism within the PVN and restores NO-mediated changes in RSNA in rats with HF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5850, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yi-Fan
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Kurt G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Cornish
authors.forename: Irving H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Zucker
authors.forename: Kaushik P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019323:omega-N-Methylarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase