title: IFN-gamma and IL-10 mediate parasite-specific immune responses of cord blood cells induced by pregnancy-associated Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
abstract: Available evidence suggests that immune cells from neonates born to mothers with placental Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) infection are sensitized to parasite Ag in utero but have reduced ability to generate protective Th1 responses. In this study, we detected Pf Ag-specific IFN-gamma(+) T cells in cord blood from human neonates whose mothers had received treatment for malaria or who had active placental Pf infection at delivery, with responses being significantly reduced in the latter group. Active placental malaria at delivery was also associated with reduced expression of monocyte MHC class I and II in vivo and following short term in vitro coculture with Pf Ag compared with levels seen in neonates whose mothers had received treatment during pregnancy. Given that APC activation and Th1 responses are driven in part by IFN-gamma and down-regulated by IL-10, we examined the role of these cytokines in modulating the Pf Ag-specific immune responses in cord blood samples. Exogenous recombinant human IFN-gamma and neutralizing anti-human IL-10 enhanced T cell IFN-gamma production, whereas recombinant human IFN-gamma also restored MHC class I and II expression on monocytes from cord blood mononuclear cells cocultured with Pf Ag. Accordingly, active placental malaria at delivery was associated with increased frequencies of Pf Ag-specific IL-10(+)CD4(+) T cells in cord blood mononuclear cell cultures from these neonates. Generation and maintenance of IL-10(+) T cells in utero may thus contribute to suppression of APC function and Pf Ag-induced Th1 responses in newborns born to mothers with placental malaria at delivery, which may increase susceptibility to infection later in life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brustoski
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petelski
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Dupeh R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bongartz
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Kremsner
authors.forename: Adrian J F
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Luty
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Krzych
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D010922:Placenta Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma