title: Gels and more gels: probing toxicity.
abstract: Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) remains an important technology in the study of protein expression. In many applications, 2-DE has been supplanted by liquid chromatographic and mass spectrometric approaches that overcome some of its limitations and labor intensiveness. Nevertheless, 2-DE has exceptional relevance in toxicology and, despite the challenges, its implementation continues to support toxicologists in understanding the biological effects of chemical exposures in living systems. This review will address the use of 2-DE-based proteomics in toxicology and recent developments in this strategy, considering the unique nature of toxicity testing and the issues of dynamic range and reproducibility that have previously limited the overall utility of 2-DE in this field.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Biotechnology & Research Training Center, 1345 West 16th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. fwitzman@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Witzmann
authors.forename: Fengju
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Seok-Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Sheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pedrick
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ringham
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends*; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D043922:Toxicogenetics / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D005782:Gels