title: Immune activation and oxidative damage in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents.
abstract: In a cross-sectional study involving subjects from the Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Health cohort, we examined the associations between HIV status, disease severity, immune activation, and oxidative damage. Subjects (265 HIV-positive and 127 HIV-negative) were young (range: 14-23 years of age) and primarily female (75%) and black (67%). Many subjects, particularly female subjects, were overweight or obese. Relatively few HIV-positive subjects had advanced HIV disease (13%), and 54% were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). The 2 markers of oxidative damage used in this study (plasma malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl concentrations) did not correlate with each other, and neither was higher in HIV-positive subjects than in HIV-negative controls. Increased oxidative damage was seen in association with male gender, cigarette smoking, marijuana use, immune activation (as indicated by activated CD8 T-cell counts and plasma C-reactive protein concentration), and use of ART, however. Plasma ceruloplasmin was associated with decreased oxidative damage in HIV-positive subjects, although this association was not seen in those taking ART.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture Western Human Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. cstephensen@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Charles B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Stephensen
authors.forename: Grace S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Marquis
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Craig M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D018023:HIV Seronegativity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002097:C-Reactive Protein