title: Evidence for a role of the parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus in the control of epileptic seizures by the superior colliculus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate whether the nucleus parafascicularis (Pf) of the thalamus could be a relay of the control of epileptic seizures by the superior colliculus (SC). The Pf is one of the main ascending projections of the SC, the disinhibition of which has been shown to suppress seizures in different animal models and has been proposed as the main relay of the nigral control of epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats with genetic absence seizures (generalized absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg or GAERS) were used in this study. The effect of bilateral microinjection of picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist, in the SC on the glutamate and GABA extracellular concentration within the Pf was first investigated by using microdialysis. In a second experiment, the effect of direct activation of Pf neurons on the occurrence of absence seizures was examined with microinjection of low doses of kainate, a glutamate agonist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bilateral injection of picrotoxin (33 pmol/side) in the SC suppressed spike-and-wave discharges for 20 min. This treatment resulted in an increase of glutamate but not GABA levels in the Pf during the same time course. Bilateral injection of kainate (35 pmol/side) into the Pf significantly suppressed spike-and-wave discharges for 20 min, whereas such injections were without effects when at least one site was located outside the Pf.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that glutamatergic projections to the Pf could be involved in the control of seizures by the SC. Disinhibition of these neurons could lead to seizure suppression and may be involved in the nigral control of epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Neurobiologie et Neuropharmacologie des épilepsies généralisées, INSERM U. 398, France.
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nail-Boucherie
authors.forename: Bich-Thuy
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Lê-Pham
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gobaille
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maitre
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aunis
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Depaulis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004832:Epilepsy, Absence / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005971:Glutamates / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020646:Intralaminar Thalamic Nuclei / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D008845:Microinjections; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000503:physiopathology; D013477:Superior Colliculi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D005971:Glutamates; D007608:Kainic Acid; D010852:Picrotoxin; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid