title: Effects of lipase inhibition on gastric emptying of, and on the glycaemic, insulin and cardiovascular responses to, a high-fat/carbohydrate meal in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of lipase inhibition with orlistat on (i) gastric emptying of, and (ii) the glycaemic, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cardiovascular responses to, a high-fat/carbohydrate meal in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight type 2 diabetic patients, who were aged 62 years (median range: 49-68 years) and managed by diet alone, consumed a meal containing 65 g powdered potato, 20 g glucose reconstituted with 200 ml water (labelled with 20 MBq (99m)Tc-sulphur-colloid) and 45 g margarine. They did this on two separate occasions, with and without 120 mg orlistat, and while in the seated position with their back against a gamma camera. Venous blood samples for measurement of blood glucose, plasma insulin and GLP-1 were obtained immediately before the meal and at regular intervals afterwards. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and heart rate were measured using an automated device.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric emptying of the meal was faster after orlistat than without orlistat (50% emptying time [mean +/- SEM], 61+/-8 min vs 98+/-5 min; p=0.0001). In the first 60 min after the meal blood glucose (p=0.001) and plasma insulin (p=0.01) concentrations were higher in patients who had taken orlistat; between 60 and 180 min plasma GLP-1 (p=0.02) concentrations were lower after orlistat than without orlistat. Between 0 and 30 min systolic blood pressure (p=0.003) was lower, and heart rate (p=0.03) greater in subjects who had taken orlistat than in those who had not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of fat digestion by orlistat may-as a result of more rapid gastric emptying-exacerbate postprandial glycaemia and the postprandial fall in blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes after ingestion of meals containing fat and carbohydrate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Donovan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Feinle-Bisset
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murolo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gentilcore
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wishart
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008049:Lipase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077403:Orlistat; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007328:Insulin; D007783:Lactones; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; D000077403:Orlistat; D008049:Lipase