title: Colorectal distention in the horse: visceral sensitivity, rectal compliance and effect of i.v. xylazine or intrarectal lidocaine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most current models of visceral sensitivity testing in the horse have required visceral cannulation. Colorectal distention (CRD) is a widely used, noninvasive method for testing in other species and could be adapted for use in horses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a protocol of controlled CRD in the conscious horse and to evaluate the effect of i.v. xylazine or intrarectal lidocaine on CRD threshold and rectal compliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight horses were used for baseline studies (3 trials each) and 6 horses to evaluate treatments (4 trials, 2 per treatment). A 45 cm diameter polyvinyl balloon attached to plastic tubing was used for rectal distention following a stepwise barostat-controlled inflation pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was well tolerated by all horses. Mean baseline threshold pressure was 14.17 mmHg. Xylazine i.v. resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean threshold pressures compared to baseline or rectal lidocaine. Rectal compliance increased following lidocaine treatment relative to baseline or xylazine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRD offers a noninvasive method for visceral sensitivity testing in the horse. Xylazine raises CRD threshold, while lidocaine increases rectal compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased rectal compliance following intrarectal lidocaine administration may explain the benefit of its use to facilitate rectal examination.
authors.affiliation: Island Whirl Equine Colic Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Box 100136, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0136, USA.
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Merritt
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000662:veterinary; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003187:Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011312:Pressure; D012007:Rectum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D014991:Xylazine; D008012:Lidocaine