title: Presence within a mixed reality environment.
abstract: Mixed reality environments represent a new approach to creating technology-mediated experiences. However, there is a lack of empirical research investigating users' actual experience. The aim of the current exploratory, non-experimental study was to establish levels of and identify factors associated with presence, within the framework of Schubert et al.'s model of presence. Using questionnaire and interview methods, the experience of the final performance of the Desert Rain mixed reality environment was investigated. Levels of general and spatial presence were relatively high, but levels of involvement and realness were not. Overall, intrinsic motivation, confidence and intention to re-visit Desert Rain were high. However, age was negatively associated with both spatial presence and confidence to play. Furthermore, various problems in navigating the environment were identified. Results are discussed in terms of Schubert's model and other theoretical perspectives. Implications for system design are presented.
authors.affiliation: Psychology Section, School of Social Sciences and Law, University of Teesside, Teesside, United Kingdom. p.van-schaik@tees.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Schaik
authors.forename: Triece
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Wersch
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Drummond
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D001364:Awareness; D003867:Depth Perception; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D011340:Problem Solving; D012931:Social Environment; D012984:Software; D013028:Space Perception; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D018910:Video Games; D014796:Visual Perception