title: Liver steatosis is an independent risk factor for treatment failure in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatic steatosis is a common feature of chronic hepatitis C. The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to the presence of steatosis and to define the role of steatosis in the response to antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analysed all patients with chronic hepatitis C treated in a 5 year period in our department. Patients were included in the study only if a pretreatment liver biopsy specimen was available for evaluation. All patients treated either with interferon in combination with ribavirin, or with pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin were included irrespectively of their response (early, end of treatment and/or sustained) to antiviral therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 116 patients with chronic hepatitis C were included in the study with a mean age of 45.5 +/- 14.1 years. Steatosis was present in 52 patients (44.8%). On univariate analysis age, P = 0.04 and body mass index > or = 25, P = 0.004 were correlated with the presence of steatosis and on multivariate analysis only body mass index > or = 25, P = 0.032. Advanced fibrosis was not found associated with steatosis. Sixty patients out of 116 (51.7%) had sustained virological response (SVR). In particular 42 out of 64 patients with no steatosis (65.6%) had SVR compared to 20 out of 52 patients (38.4%) with any degree of steatosis (P = 0.009). Patients with genotype 2 or 3 had a more favourable outcome compared to patients with 1 or 4 genotypes, 63.2% vs 49.2%, P = 0.032. Also increased age (P = 0.0001), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) (P = 0.029), no history of intravenous drugs use (P = 0.001) and advanced fibrosis on pretreatment biopsy (P = 0.046) were correlated with treatment failure. On multivariate analysis significant independent association with SVR was found with the presence of steatosis on pretreatment biopsy (P = 0.004), increased GGT (P = 0.005) and genotype (P = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steatosis in the liver biopsy performed before the beginning of antiviral treatment was found to be associated only to the body mass index of the patients and to be a strong independent factor for treatment failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Patras, Greece. kxthomo@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Konstantinos C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Thomopoulos
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Theocharis
authors.forename: Athanasios C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tsamantas
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siagris
authors.forename: Dimitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dimitropoulou
authors.forename: Charalambos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Gogos
authors.forename: Chrysoula
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Labropoulou-Karatza
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012254:Ribavirin; D007372:Interferons