title: Disparities in occupational low back injuries: predicting pain-related disability from satisfaction with case management in African Americans and Caucasians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To predict post-settlement pain-related disability from claimant race and satisfaction with Workers' Compensation case management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based survey with telephone interviewing.
  
  
  METHODS
  St. Louis City, St. Louis County, and Jackson County, Missouri.
  
  
  METHODS
  African American and Caucasian Workers' Compensation claimants (1,475) with single incident low back injuries whose claims were settled between January 1, 2001 and June 1, 2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  Workers' Compensation variables were obtained from the State of Missouri comprising treatment cost, temporary disability payment, disability rating, and settlement award. Satisfaction with Workers' Compensation case management was evaluated across five Likert-type rating scales. Pain-related disability was measured using the Pain Disability Index. Injury variables included diagnosis of disc injury or regional backache. Socioeconomic status included education and income. Demographic variables were race, age, and gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Path analysis indicated direct negative associations between satisfaction and disability. Race had a direct association with disability but was also mediated through other variables: African Americans received less treatment/compensation across the Workers' Compensation variables (relative to Caucasians), which predicted lower satisfaction. This pattern also held true for lower socioeconomic status claimants and those with regional backache.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For African Americans and lower socioeconomic status persons in the Workers' Compensation system, less treatment/compensation was associated with lower satisfaction with the process, which in turn predicted higher levels of post-settlement disability. Given that the function of Workers' Compensation is to reduce disability from work-related injuries, the current results suggest that the system produces inequitable outcomes for these groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA. chibnajt@slu.edu
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Chibnall
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Tait
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D014942:Workers' Compensation