title: The validity of transvaginal ultrasound measurement of endometrial thickness: a comparison of ultrasound measurement with direct anatomical measurement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare transvaginal ultrasound measurements of endometrial thickness with direct anatomical measurements and consider the implications of these findings on clinical practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study using two modalities blinded to each other's findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Singleton Hospital, Swansea, a medium-sized District General Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven women admitted for hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women underwent transvaginal ultrasound scan to measure the endometrial thickness within 16 hours of surgery. Anatomical measurement of the fresh specimen was carried out immediately after surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Agreement between ultrasound and anatomical measurements of the endometrial thickness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No ultrasound measurement was possible in 15% of patients. When both values were obtained, transvaginal ultrasound measurements were > 2 mm different from the ruler measurement in 13/40 (33%) with an obvious tendency of the ultrasound scan to over-estimate the endometrial thickness. The mean difference between the two measurements was -0.8 mm (limits of agreement -7.1 to +5.5 mm). The discrepancy was greater in women with endometrial thickness < or = 5 mm (-1.6 mm, limits of agreement -5.7 to +2.6 mm) compared with that in women with endometrial thickness > 5 mm (-0.2 mm, limits of agreement -7.6 to +7.2 mm). Kappa statistics showed good agreement between the two measurements in discriminating between thin and thick endometrium in 77% (kappa = 0.55). Transvaginal ultrasound misdiagnosed a thick endometrium as thin in 3/40 (8%) and misdiagnosed a thin endometrium as thick in 6/40 (15%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transvaginal ultrasonography is of limited value as a screening test for abnormal endometrium in patients with postmenopausal bleeding if the only parameter of normality is an endometrial thickness of 5 mm or less.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Bankend Road, Dumfries DG1 4AP, UK.
authors.forename: Tapash K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Saad A K S
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Amer
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biss
authors.forename: Hemlata
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thakare
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: C Tom
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calvert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004717:Endometrium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery