title: Effects of sulfonylureas, alpha-endosulfine counterparts, on glomerulosclerosis in type 1 and type 2 models of diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, we showed the expression of a unique sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and its putative endogenous ligand, alpha-endosulfine, in mesangial cells and isolated glomeruli. Further, this ligand was up-regulated by high glucose concentration. To investigate the possible role of alpha-endosulfine up-regulation in diabetes, we administered sulfonylureas, the exogenous ligands of SUR, to diabetic animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  In streptozotocin-induced, insulin-deficient, diabetic rats, glomerulosclerosis, albuminuria, glomerular expression of fibronectin mRNA, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were studied for various periods up to 36 weeks. Several rat groups received either glibenclamide or tolazamide during the entire study period. Also, glomerulosclerosis and albuminuria were determined in insulin-resistant db/db mice, at 26 weeks of treatment with tolazamide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sulfonylureas did not improve hyperglycemia or reduce glycosylated hemoglobin levels. In insulin-deficient diabetic rats, sulfonylureas significantly decreased the degree of glomerulosclerosis and completely reversed the enhanced albumin excretion. Also, glibenclamide reduced diabetes-induced glomerular overexpression of fibronectin mRNA. Because glibenclamide may improve the afferent arteriolar dilatation of diabetes, thereby reducing glomerular hyperfiltration, its effect on GFR was determined. Glibenclamide did not alter glomerular hyperfiltration or renal hypertrophy, regardless of the intensity of hyperglycemia. Finally, in insulin-resistant mice, tolazamide did not alter the extent of diabetic glomerulosclerosis or increased albuminuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term treatment with sulfonylureas completely prevents glomerular injury in insulin-deficient diabetes in rats. However, this protective effect is not demonstrable in an insulin-resistant model of the disease. We postulate that mesangial alpha-endosulfine up-regulation in the hyperglycemic milieu of insulin-deficient diabetes may retard glomerular extracellular matrix formation and mesangial expansion.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Jason I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Biederman
authors.forename: Edgard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rankhaniya
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hassett
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannico
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cortes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000235:genetics; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010455:Peptides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C075663:endosulfine