title: Incidence of serum creatine kinase elevation and its relation to medications used after heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rhabdomyolysis after heart transplantation is well described as a drug-related phenomenon. The incidence of serum creatine kinase (CK) elevation after heart transplantation is not formally reported in previous clinical studies. This study sought to find the incidence of asymptomatic serum CK elevation after heart transplantation and assess its relation to medications that are commonly used after transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected in outpatient basis between August 2002 and August 2003. Patients with acute rejection, infection or muscle pain were excluded. All patients were followed monthly at a special clinic. Physical examinations and routine blood tests including serum CK were performed monthly. We evaluated the results of 106 asymptomatic patients and 765 serial data to determine the incidence of serum CK elevation after transplantation. Logistic regression was used to identify its risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of serum CK elevation in asymptomatic heart transplant recipients was 16.2%. Risk factors of its elevation were diabetes mellitus and use of medications including cyclosporine, drugs for hypertriglyceridemia, antihypertensives, and prednisolone. Among the antihypertensives commonly used, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium antagonists were associated with a higher incidence of serum CK elevation, but beta-blockers protected patients from serum CK elevation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of serum CK elevation in asymptomatic heart transplant recipients was not low. Serum CK measurements should be part of the routine follow-up in transplant recipients, especially when patients had diabetes mellitus. Medications commonly used after heart transplantation significantly affected the incidence of serum CK elevation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ron-Bin
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shoei-Shen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shu-Hsun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D011239:Prednisolone; D003402:Creatine Kinase