Freeze-drying of protein pharmaceuticals--the application of thermal analysis.
This review describes the range of thermal analysis techniques that may be used to investigate the key thermal properties of formulations to be freeze-dried and the resultant products. The use of these allows development of cost-effective processing while maintaining optimum product quality.
Kett
Vicky
V
School of Pharmacy, Queens University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
McMahon
Debra
D
Ward
Kevin
K
D002151:Calorimetry; D004055:Differential Thermal Analysis; D004355:Drug Stability; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005612:Freeze Drying; D008853:Microscopy; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011506:Proteins; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011506:Proteins