title: Vitamin E does not protect against neonatal ethanol-induced cerebellar damage or deficits in eyeblink classical conditioning in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rodent studies have shown that heavy binge-like ethanol (EtOH) exposure during the brain growth spurt [postnatal days (PD) 4-9] causes cerebellar neuronal loss and deficits in cerebellar-mediated eyeblink classical conditioning (ECC). Oxidative stress has been implicated in EtOH-mediated brain damage, and studies using vitamin E have reported amelioration of EtOH-induced tissue damage, including protection in rats against EtOH-induced cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) loss on PD 4 to 5. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary supplementation with vitamin E concurrent with binge EtOH exposure on PD 4 to 9 in rats would attenuate the cerebellar cell death and ECC deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat pups were given one of five different neonatal treatments: (1) intubation with EtOH in milk formula (twice daily, total dose 5.25 g/kg/day), (2) intubation with EtOH in milk formula supplemented with vitamin E (12.26 mg/kg/feeding), (3) intubation with milk formula that contained vitamin E only, (4) sham intubations, or (5) normally reared unintubated controls. Between PD 26 and 33, subjects received short-delay ECC for 3 consecutive days. Unbiased stereological cell counts were performed on cerebellar PCs of left cerebellar lobules I to VI and neurons of the interpositus nucleus. In a separate study with PD 4 pups, the effects of vitamin E on EtOH-induced expression of caspase-3 active subunits were assessed using Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EtOH-treated groups showed significant deficits in acquisition of conditioned eyeblink responses and reductions in cerebellar PCs and interpositus nucleus neurons compared with controls. Vitamin E supplementation failed to protect against these deficits. Vitamin E also failed to protect against increases in caspase-3 active subunit expression induced by acute binge EtOH exposure on PD 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to the previously reported neuroprotective potential of antioxidants on EtOH-mediated cerebellar damage, vitamin E supplementation did not diminish EtOH-induced structural and functional damage to the cerebellum in this model of binge EtOH exposure during the brain growth spurt in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. ttran@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Tuan D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Holly D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Kristin H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Charles R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Goodlett
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002452:Cell Count; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D003215:Conditioning, Eyelid / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D014810:Vitamin E; D000431:Ethanol