title: Gamma knife surgery of brain cavernous hemangiomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors conducted a study to record more detailed information about the natural course and factors predictive of outcome following gamma knife surgery (GKS) for cavernous hemangiomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred twelve patients with brain cavernous hemangiomas underwent GKS between 1993 and 2000. The median prescription dose was 16 Gy. One hundred seven patients were followed for a median of 48 months (range 6-114 months). The rebleeding rate was 1.6%, which is not significantly different with that prior to radiosurgery (2%). An increase in volume was observed in 1.8% of cases and a decrease in 45%. Perilesional edema was detected in 27% of patients, which, together with the rebleeding, caused a transient morbidity rate of 20.5% and permanent morbidity rate of 4.5%. Before radiosurgery 39% of patients suffered from epilepsy and this improved in 45% of them. Two patients with brainstem cavernous hemangiomas died due to rebleeding. Rebleeding was more frequent in female middle-aged patients with a history of bleeding, a larger lesion volume, and a prescription dose below 13 Gy. Edema after GKS occurred more frequently in patients who had surgery, a larger lesion volume, and in those in whom the prescription dose was more than 13 Gy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gamma knife surgery of cavernous hemangiomas can produce an acceptable rate of morbidity, which can be reduced by using a lower margin dose. Lesion regression was observed in many patients. Radiosurgery seems to remain a suitable treatment modality in carefully selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Stereotactic and Radiation Neurosurgery, Na Homolce Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. roman.liscak@homolka.cz
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liscák
authors.forename: Vilibald
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vladyka
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simonová
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vymazal
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Novotny
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D015996:Survival Rate; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013788:Thalamus / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery