title: Effects of postmortem heparinization in canine lung transplantation with non-heart-beating donors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microthrombus formation appears to be one of the major detrimental factors in lung transplantation from non-heart-beating donors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of postmortem heparinization by closed-chest cardiac massage in a canine model of left single-lung allotransplantation from non-heart-beating donors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Left lung transplantation was performed in 18 weight-matched pairs of mongrel dogs. Donors were killed with an intravenous injection of potassium chloride and left at room temperature for 2 hours. The cadaveric donors were assigned randomly to one of the three groups. In group 1 (n = 6), no heparin was given as a control. In group 2 (n = 6), heparin sodium (1000 U/kg) was administered intravenously before cardiac arrest. In group 3 (n = 6), heparin sodium (1000 U/kg) was administered intravenously 10 minutes after death, then closed-chest cardiac massage was performed for 2 minutes. After 2 hours of cardiac arrest, donor lungs were flushed with low-potassium dextran-glucose solution and preserved for 60 minutes. After left lung transplantation, the right pulmonary artery was ligated, and recipient animals were followed up for 3 hours. Univariate and multivariate repeated analyses were used for statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups 2 and 3 had significantly better gas exchange and lower pulmonary vascular resistance than group 1. Changes in thrombin-antithrombin III complex concentration during the warm ischemia indicated that postmortem heparinization suppressed clotting activation in the donor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Postmortem heparinization by cardiac massage is beneficial in lung transplantation from non-heart beating donors by preventing microthrombus formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer and Thoracic Surgery (Surgery II), Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inokawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Date
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Okutani
authors.forename: Keiju
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aokage
authors.forename: Itaru
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagahiro
authors.forename: Motoi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aoe
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shimizu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006336:Heart Massage; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014914:Whole Blood Coagulation Time
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D015415:Biomarkers; C046193:antithrombin III-protease complex; D000990:Antithrombin III; D006493:Heparin; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases