title: Induction of serum and mucosal FIV-specific immune responses by intranasal immunization with p24Gag.
abstract: We examined the ability of FIV p24Gag to induce systemic and mucosal FIV-specific immune responses when delivered as a nasal immunogen alone, or with a mucosal adjuvant, Escherichia coli heat labile toxin LT(R192G). Nasal immunization with p24Gag alone induced FIV-specific immune responses but overall responses were weak, transient, and/or present only in a few animals. Co-administration of LT(R192G) resulted in strong FIV-specific serum IgG and enhanced salivary IgA responses. Moreover, FIV-specific IgA was detected in vaginal wash fluid from 6/6 cats co-immunized with LT(R192G) and p24Gag versus 1/6 immunized with p24Gag alone. This is the first report detailing induction of systemic or mucosal FIV-specific immune responses by nasal immunization alone. As such, this study demonstrates that nasal immunization of cats can be a relevant and effective route for the delivery of candidate vaccines. However, while nasal immunization of cats with p24Gag induces antigen-specific systemic immune responses, development of strong systemic and mucosal immune responses requires co-administration of a mucosal adjuvant, such as LT(R192G).
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leavell
authors.forename: Brittany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Scappino
authors.forename: Jamal
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sirriyah
authors.forename: Chang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Clements
authors.forename: Mary Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Burkhard
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002415:Cats; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D016089:Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline / Q000276:immunology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D016180:Lentivirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014621:Vagina / Q000276:immunology; D044364:Vaginal Douching; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C074662:p24 protein, Feline immunodeficiency virus; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli