title: Developing an inverse time-to-collision crash alert timing approach based on drivers' last-second braking and steering judgments.
abstract: Drivers were asked to execute last-second braking and steering maneuvers while approaching a surrogate target lead vehicle. This surrogate target was designed to allow safely placing naive drivers in controlled, realistic rear-end crash scenarios under test track conditions. Maneuver intensity instructions were varied so that drivers' perceptions of normal and non-normal braking envelopes could be properly identified and modeled for forward collision warning timing purposes. The database modeled includes 3536 last-second braking judgment trials. A promising inverse time-to-collision model was developed, which assumes that the driver deceleration response in response to a crash alert is based on an inverse time-to-collision threshold that decreases linearly with driver speed.
authors.affiliation: General Motors Structure and Safety Integration Center, Engineering Building 1-11, MC 480111S56, 30200 Mound Road, Warren, MI 48090-9010, USA. raymond.j.kiefer@gm.com
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Flannagan
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011482:Protective Devices; D013997:Time Factors