title: Steroid avoidance in renal transplantation using basiliximab induction, cyclosporine-based immunosuppression and protocol biopsies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reducing chronic steroid exposure is important to minimize steroid-related morbidity, particularly for susceptible renal transplant recipients. Steroid-free and steroid-sparing protocols have shown benefits, but safety has not been established for all populations. We investigated the safety of steroid avoidance (SA) in a population including African-Americans, using modern immunosuppression with protocol biopsy monitoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized-controlled SA trial (early discontinuation, days 2-7) was conducted in a population (n = 77) including African-Americans and cadaveric kidney recipients. Patients received basiliximab, cyclosporine (CsA), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). In controls, steroids were tapered to 5 mg prednisone/d by day 30. Protocol biopsies were performed (1, 6, 12 and 24 months) to evaluate subclinical acute rejection (SCAR) and chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SA did not result in significantly higher incidences of graft loss, AR, SCAR, CAN, or renal fibrosis. SA patients experienced similar renal function, comparable serum lipid levels, and a trend toward fewer cases of new-onset diabetes. Clinical outcomes of African-American and non-African-American patients did not significantly differ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SA is safe in the context of basiliximab induction and CsA-based immunosuppression. This protocol could minimize steroid-related side effects in susceptible groups, including African-Americans, without increasing the risk of AR or graft failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hahnemann University Hospital and Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. ak59@drexel.edu
authors.forename: Mysore S Anil
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sheng-Guang
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Billie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fyfe
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sierka
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heifets
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Muhammad I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Saeed
authors.forename: Aparna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D000368:Aged; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077552:Basiliximab; D001706:Biopsy; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016572:Cyclosporine; D000077552:Basiliximab