title: Histamine H1 receptor antagonist blocks histamine-induced proinflammatory cytokine production through inhibition of Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C, Raf/MEK/ERK and IKK/I kappa B/NF-kappa B signal cascades.
abstract: Histamine H1 receptor (H1R), a therapeutic target for alleviation of acute allergic reaction, may be also involved in mediating inflammatory responses via effects on cytokine production. However, the mechanisms whereby histamine induces cytokine production are poorly defined. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the signaling pathway involved in cytokine expression caused by histamine, using native human epidermal keratinocytes. We confirmed the expression of functional H1R by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and histamine-induced Ca(2+) elevation. Histamine induced concentration- and time-dependent production of granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-6, which was completely blocked by olopatadine, an H1 antagonist. Histamine activated the phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC), c-Raf, mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), I kappa B kinase (IKK), inhibitory kappa B (I kappa B)-alpha and nuclear factor-KB (NF-kappa B) p65, which was inhibited by Ro-31-8220, a PKC inhibitor. Also, Ro-31-8220 significantly suppressed the expression of these cytokines. BAPTA-AM, an intracellular Ca(2+) chelator, also reduced PKC phosphorylation and cytokine expression. PD98059, a MEK inhibitor, and BAY 11-8702, an I kappa B-alpha inhibitor, reduced ERK and NF-kappa B cascade activation, respectively, with little effect on PKC phosphorylation. PD98059 preferentially inhibited GM-CSF production whereas BAY 11-8702 prevented IL-8 and IL-6 production. Furthermore, in addition to the above cytokines, histamine stimulated the biosynthesis and/or release of numerous keratinocyte-derived mediators, which are probably regulated by the ERK or NF-kappa B cascades. Our study suggests that histamine activates Ca(2+)-dependent PKC isoforms that play crucial roles in the activation of Raf/MEK/ERK and IKK/I kappa B/NF-kappa B cascades, leading to up-regulation of cytokine expression. Thus, the anti-inflammatory benefit of H1 antagonists may be in part due to prevention of cytokine production.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Pharmaceutical Research Center, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co. Ltd., Shizuoka 411-8731, Japan. masahiro.matsubara@kyowa.co.jp
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Tadafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology; D011969:Receptors, Histamine H1 / Q000032:analysis; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D048490:raf Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011969:Receptors, Histamine H1; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D048490:raf Kinases; C496559:CHUK protein, human; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020930:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases