title: Effect of unilateral forced nostril breathing on tonic accommodation and intraocular pressure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unilateral forced nostril breathing (UFNB) has specific measurable effects on the autonomic nervous system. Ocular accommodation, which is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, would be expected to be under the influence of UFNB when it is applied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of UFNB on the resting state of the accommodation system, i. e. tonic accommodation (TA), along with measures of intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure and heart rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  TA levels were measured using the Shin-Nippon autorefractor before and after 20 minutes of UFNB. IOP, blood pressure and heart rate, which are known to be affected by UFNB, were also measured with a non-contact tonometer and an automated blood pressure monitor respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Right and left UFNB produced slight, but not significant changes in TA. However, there was a tendency for left UFNB to produce a greater decrease in TA in subjects with higher base-line TA levels. Right UFNB produced a statistically significant decrease in IOP while the effect of left UFNB on IOP was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UFNB produced changes in IOP consistent with previous reports. As studied in this trial, UFNB did not have any significant effect on TA. Further studies using a larger sample size are required to investigate the effect of UFNB on the autonomic inputs to the ciliary muscle of the eye and the subsequent measures of tonic accommodation.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Rd, Kelvin Grove, 4059, Brisbane, Australia. jc.chen@qut.edu.au
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Katrina L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000502:physiology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*