title: Contrasting roles for beta1, beta2 and beta3-adrenoceptors in memory formation in the chick.
abstract: Noradrenaline plays distinct roles in the modulation and consolidation of memory for one-trial, discriminated, avoidance learning in the chick. We have previously shown that activation of beta2-, beta3- and alpha1-adrenoceptors (ARs) by injection into the multimodal forebrain association region (intermediate medial hyperstriatum ventrale [IMHV] or intermediate medial mesopallium [IMM]) is involved in the consolidation of memory 30 min after training and that activation of alpha2-ARs in the caudate putamen plays a role in the reinforcement of memory leading to consolidation in the IMM (IMHV). In this paper we provide evidence that noradrenaline acts at beta1-ARs in the basal ganglia (lobus parolfactorius or medial striatum) in short-term memory processing immediately post-training and demonstrate inhibition of memory by selective AR antagonists at particular times in the sequential memory processing sequence after training. These results support separate roles for beta2- and beta3-ARs in memory consolidation. Our studies suggest that, as a consequence of the learning experience, noradrenaline acts in different brain regions and at different times in memory processing, to enhance memory through distinct populations of ARs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Summers
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000502:physiology; D002396:Catechols / Q000494:pharmacology; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D002645:Chickens; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000502:physiology*; D011699:Putamen / Q000502:physiology; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002396:Catechols; D011412:Propanolamines; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; C018420:Ro 363; D009638:Norepinephrine