title: Evaluation of flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery but not in the left internal mammary artery graft predicts significant stenosis of the arterial conduit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate which Doppler-derived flow index best predicts new distal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) stenosis in patients with left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The LIMA flow measurement has been proposed to assess graft function, but it may be misleading in case of new distal LAD stenosis and/or competitive flow from native LAD. Distal LAD coronary flow reserve (CFR: hyperemic/baseline peak flow velocity ratio) may be more appropriate.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LIMA and distal LAD flow was measured by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in 96 patients undergoing diagnostic/therapeutic coronary angiography, 7 +/- 4 years after cardiac bypass surgery. The LIMA flow indexes (systolic-to-diastolic peak velocity ratio [SDPVr] >1, diastolic time velocity integral fraction [DTVIf] <0.5, and CFR <2) and LAD CFR <2 were used to predict > or =70% new LAD stenosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LAD CFR <2 predicted new LAD stenosis, found in 21 of 77 patients without competitive flow from native LAD, with significantly higher diagnostic accuracy (98%) than LIMA flow indexes (SDPVr >1 = 61%, DTVIf <0.5 = 69%, and CFR <2 = 72%). The LIMA flow indexes were abnormal in 17 of 19 patients with competitive graft flow, but only 5 had graft restriction, and none had significant LAD stenosis. In a multivariate model of new distal LAD stenosis prediction, competitive flow from native LAD reduced the predictive role of LIMA but not of LAD CFR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients without competitive flow from native LAD, LAD CFR is more accurate for the detection of LAD stenosis than LIMA CFR. In patients with competitive graft flow, abnormal LIMA flow patterns and blunted LIMA CFR do not reflect downstream LAD flow as LAD CFR does.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, La Sapienza University, via Nomentana 186, 00162 Rome, Italy. francesco.pizzuto@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pizzuto
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Voci
authors.forename: Enrica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mariano
authors.forename: Paolo Emilio
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Puddu
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aprile
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Romeo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000637:transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000502:physiology