title: Effect of ureteral reimplantation on prevention of urinary tract infection and renal growth in infants with primary vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We retrospectively reviewed the results of ureteral reimplantation in infants with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) to evaluate the effect on prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1991 to December 2001, a total of 205 infants (180 boys and 25 girls) with primary VUR underwent ureteral reimplantation at the Department of Urology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan. Indications for surgery were high-grade reflux (grade IV-V), breakthrough UTI and non-compliance of medical treatment. Age at surgery raged from 1 to 11 months (mean, 6.4 months). Ureteral reimplantation was performed according to Cohen's method. Only two of 336 refluxing ureters required ureteral tailoring. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 110 months (mean, 64 months). Surgical outcome, frequency of UTI and individual renal growth measured by (99m)Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scintigraphy was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative ultrasound and voiding cystourethrography showed neither residual reflux nor ureterovesical obstruction. Contralateral low grade reflux occurred in six of 74 patients (8.1%) who had unilateral reflux preoperatively. After reimplantation, 10 patients documented 13 febrile UTI. Eleven of the 13 episodes occurred early in the postoperative period (<6 months). Frequency of febrile UTI reduced from 0.23538 before surgery to 0.00894 and 0.00081 per patient per month at 6 and 12 months after surgery, respectively. No development of renal scarring was seen in postoperative DMSA scan. Changes of differential renal function was <0.05 in all patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results show ureteral reimplantation in infants is safe and very effective for the prevention of UTI. After surgical treatment in infancy, individual renal growth of children with primary VUR is stable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan. fumim@mch.pref.osaka.jp
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tohda
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000254:growth & development*; D008297:Male; D012092:Replantation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*