title: Comparative trial of the safety and immunogenicity of quadrivalent (A, C, Y, W-135) meningococcal polysaccharide-diphtheria conjugate vaccine versus quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine in two- to ten-year-old children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A quadrivalent meningococcal diphtheria conjugate vaccine (MCV-4) has been developed to provide T-cell dependent immune responses against 4 major disease-causing serogroups (A, C, Y, W-135).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a comparative, randomized, modified double blind, controlled study in healthy 2- to 10-year-old U.S. children, safety and immunogenicity profiles of MCV-4 (n = 696) were compared with those of a licensed quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine, Menomune A/C/Y/W-135 (PSV-4, n = 702). Vaccine-related adverse reactions were assessed for 28-day and 6-month follow-up periods. Serum bactericidal activity (SBA) was assayed in prevaccination, day 28 and 6-month postvaccination sera samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both vaccines were well-tolerated, with no vaccine-related serious adverse events and similar rates of mostly mild local and systemic reactions. Functional antibody (SBA) seroconversion percentages were significantly higher for all 4 serogroups in the MCV-4 group. The SBA geometric mean titers against serogroups A, C, Y and W-135 with MCV-4 were 1700, 354, 637 and 750, respectively, compared with PSV-4 (893, 231, 408 and 426) 28 days postvaccination (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). This significant difference persisted through 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 2- to 10-year-old children MCV-4 had a safety profile similar to that of PSV-4 and elicited significantly higher and more persistent serum bactericidal antibody responses against meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y and W-135 than did the licensed polysaccharide vaccine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. pichichero@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pichichero
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casey
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blatter
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rothstein
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ryall
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bybel
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gilmet
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Papa
mesh_terms: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000276:immunology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008589:Meningococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*; D009345:Neisseria meningitidis / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology*; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D012703:Serotyping; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate