title: Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered azithromycin in pediatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of a single intravenous (IV) azithromycin dose in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were stratified into 4 age groups: 0.5-2 years; >2-<6 years; 6-<12 years; and 12-<16 years. Each subject received a single 10 mg/kg dose (500 mg maximum) infused in 1 hour. Serial venous blood samples were obtained for a 168-hour period, and laboratory safety evaluations were performed immediately preceding azithromycin administration and at the conclusion of the study. Serum azithromycin concentrations were quantified with a validated high performance liquid chromatography method with mass spectrometric detection. Pharmacokinetic indices were calculated for each subject by noncompartmental techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-two subjects (6.7 +/- 5.0 years, 11 boys) participated. Mean serum concentration-time data were comparable for the 4 age groups. For all subjects with evaluable data, the mean area under the curve from 0 to 72 hours (AUC0-72) was 8.2 microg . h/mL (n = 26), the maximum concentration (Cmax) was 2.4 microg/mL and the elimination half-life (t1/2) was 65.2 hours (n = 25). The AUC0-72 and Cmax were not associated with age. The dose was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The disposition of azithromycin after a single 10-mg/kg IV dose (maximum labeled adult dose of 500 mg) is comparable in pediatric patients between 0.5 and 16 years of age. These pharmacokinetic data can be used to guide dose selection for future therapeutic trials of IV azithromycin in pediatric patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Arkansas Children's Hospital, 800 Marshall Street, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA. jacobsrichardf@uams.edu
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Holly D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Maples
authors.forename: Jacob V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Aranda
authors.forename: Gabriela M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knirsch
authors.forename: Richa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Jeannine M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Gregory L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Kearns
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin