title: Management of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis with voriconazole and caspofungin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Voriconazole, a new generation triazole, has been shown to achieve therapeutic intraocular levels after oral administration. Caspofungin is the first approved agent from a new class of antifungals, the echinocandins. This series describes experience at two centers using these novel antifungals to treat endogenous fungal endophthalmitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment of five patients with Candida endophthalmitis are reviewed. Postmortem intraocular voriconazole concentrations on a sixth patient are presented as well.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had systemic cultures positive for Candida species. Three patients had prompt resolution of intraocular mycosis with intravenous and oral voriconazole, caspofungin, or both. The fourth patient with bilateral disease responded well to i.v. voriconazole and caspofungin but had a recurrence when discharged on oral voriconazole and i.v. caspofungin. This patient had a bowel resection with an ileostomy; therefore, absorption of oral voriconazole may have been inadequate. Bilateral amphotericin B intravitreal injection ultimately treated this patient. The fifth patient received 100 microg/0.1 ml of intravitreal voriconazole (final vitreous concentration approximately 25 microg/ml) followed by oral voriconazole and responded favorably. Our sixth patient had multisystem failure and passed away 1 week after initiating intravenous voriconazole for non-ocular candidemia. Postmortem HPLC analysis of the aqueous and vitreous revealed voriconazole concentrations of 1.52 microg/ml and 1.12 microg/ml, respectively (MIC90 of Candida albicans is 0.06 microg/ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Voriconazole and caspofungin appear to be powerful weapons to add to the existing armamentarium against fungal endophthalmitis. Further studies are warranted to define precisely the role of these new agents alone or in combination with other antifungals.
authors.affiliation: Barnes Retina Institute and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63144, USA.
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Breit
authors.forename: Seenu M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hariprasad
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Mieler
authors.forename: Gaurav K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: M Gilbert
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Grand
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism; D001682:Biological Availability; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D000077336:Caspofungin; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D054714:Echinocandins; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D016469:Fungemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007267:Injections; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014230:Triazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000378:metabolism; D065819:Voriconazole
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D011743:Pyrimidines; D014230:Triazoles; D000077336:Caspofungin; D065819:Voriconazole