title: Freezability of equine semen after glass beads column separation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The success rate of artificial insemination following the freezing of stallion semen is limited; therefore, improving the stallion semen quality after the freezing and thawing process is a necessary objective.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the influence of glass bead column separation on the freezability of stallion semen.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Glass beads in a column separator remove damaged and dead spermatozoa in the ejaculate during centrifugation.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 50 ejaculates from 6 Lipizzaner stallions were studied. Each ejaculate was divided into 2 parts, one half processed following standard procedure and the second half used for the column separation procedure. After freezing, semen quality was evaluated using standard tests for motility, morphology and viability of semen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motility and progressive motility of the column-separated (CS) semen were significantly higher (P < 0.001) before freezing and immediately, 24 and 48 h after thawing. A significant increase (P < 0.001) in the percentage of hypoosmotic positive spermatozoa was observed in CS samples. The percentage of total morphological changes in the separated samples before and after freezing was significantly lower (P < 0.001) compared with samples prepared using the standard procedure. A substantial decrease (P < 0.001) was found in the percentage of spermatozoa with damaged acrosomes. However, the percentage of spermatozoa with coiled tails was increased in the separated samples (P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Column separation before freezing has a positive effect on the quality of thawed equine semen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality of CS frozen/thawed samples indicates their potential use for increasing insemination success in mares.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Reproduction and Equine Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbiceva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klinc
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kosec
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Majdic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002498:Centrifugation / Q000662:veterinary; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D005898:Glass; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D012661:Semen / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D013076:Sperm Count / Q000662:veterinary; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*