title: Dairy augmentation of total and central fat loss in obese subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously demonstrated an antiobesity effect of dietary Ca; this is largely mediated by Ca suppression of calcitriol levels, resulting in reduced adipocyte intracellular Ca2+ and, consequently, a coordinated increase in lipid utilization and decrease in lipogenesis. Notably, dairy Ca is markedly more effective than other Ca sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obese subjects were placed on balanced deficit (-500 kcal/day) diets and randomized to control (400-500 mg Ca/day; n = 16) or yogurt (1100 mg Ca/day; n = 18) treatments for 12 weeks. Dietary macronutrients and fiber were held constant at the US average.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body weight, body fat and fat distribution (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), blood pressure and circulating lipids were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fat loss was markedly increased on the yogurt diet (-4.43+/-0.47 vs -2.75+/-0.73 kg in yogurt and control groups; P<0.005) while lean tissue loss was reduced by 31% on the yogurt diet. Trunk fat loss was augmented by 81% on the yogurt vs control diet (P<0.001), and this was reflected in a markedly greater reduction in waist circumference (-3.99+/-0.48 vs -0.58+/-1.04 cm, P<0.001). Further, the fraction of fat lost from the trunk was higher on the yogurt diet vs control (P<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isocaloric substitution of yogurt for other foods significantly augments fat loss and reduces central adiposity during energy restriction..
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920, USA. mzemel@utk.edu
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zemel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milstead
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gebhardt
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001823:Body Composition; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003971:Diastole; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss; D015014:Yogurt
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007328:Insulin; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol; D005990:Glycerol