title: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha up-regulates the expression of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase I in primary human endothelial cells by mRNA stabilization.
abstract: During the course of an inflammatory response, the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) triggers endothelial cells to increase the expression levels of adhesion molecules that are pivotal for the rolling, adhesion, and transmigration of leukocytes over the endothelial cell wall. Here we show that TNFalpha, in addition, has a regulatory function in the biosynthesis of proper carbohydrate molecules on endothelial cells that constitute ligands for adhesion molecules on leukocytes. Our data show that TNFalpha induced an increase in the expression of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase-1 (beta4GalT-1) in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The beta4GalT-1 mRNA up-regulation correlated with an increase in the Golgi expression and catalytic activity of the enzyme. Furthermore, an enhanced incorporation of galactose was observed in newly synthesized glycoproteins. Analysis of the molecular mechanism behind the up-regulation of beta4GalT-1 showed that the increase in mRNA levels is due to an enhanced stability of the transcripts. These data strongly demonstrate that TNFalpha modulates the glycosylation of endothelial cells by a mechanism that directly enhances the stability of beta4GalT-1 mRNA transcripts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. jj.garciavallejo@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Juan Jesús
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: García-Vallejo
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Die
authors.forename: Sonja I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Gringhuis
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism; D005700:Galactosyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008024:Ligands; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009237:N-Acetyllactosamine Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D002241:Carbohydrates; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008024:Ligands; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005700:Galactosyltransferases; D009237:N-Acetyllactosamine Synthase; D005690:Galactose