title: Phenolic extractives from the bark of Pinus sylvestris L. and their effects on inflammatory mediators nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) bark extract were studied. The pine bark extract was fractionated by liquid-liquid extractions and semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography to reveal the most potent constituents. The phenolic compositions of three pine bark samples obtained, a crude extract, a chloroform fraction, and a semipreparative fraction, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV diode array detection and/or electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In addition, eight compounds were isolated and identified by NMR and MS techniques. In total 28 phenolic compounds were identified. The effects of the three pine bark samples on the synthesis of two proinflammatory mediators, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2), were measured. It was shown that pine bark contains compounds that inhibit the production of these proinflammatory mediators.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Chemistry and Structural Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Maarit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karonen
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hämäläinen
authors.forename: Riina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Karel D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Klika
authors.forename: Jyrki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loponen
authors.forename: Vladimir V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Ovcharenko
authors.forename: Eeva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moilanen
authors.forename: Kalevi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pihlaja
mesh_terms: D002725:Chloroform; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D041605:Pinus sylvestris / Q000737:chemistry*; D024301:Plant Bark / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D002725:Chloroform; D015232:Dinoprostone