title: Lysosome is a primary organelle in B cell receptor-mediated apoptosis: an indispensable role of Syk in lysosomal function.
abstract: To investigate the mechanism of B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated apoptosis, we utilized immature B cell lines, DT40 and WEHI-231. In both cell lines, BCR-crosslinking caused the increase in lysosomal pH with early apoptotic changes characterized by chromatin condensation and phosphatidylserine exposure. This increase was detected in c-Abl-deficient DT40 cells but not in Syk-deficient cells, which corresponded to the fact that the former cells but not the latter revealed BCR-induced apoptosis. In contrast, BCR-crosslinking caused no apparent change in mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Therefore, the lysosomal change might be a primary event in BCR-induced apoptosis in DT40 cells. The increased activity of cathepsin B and apoptosis-preventing effect of a cathepsin inhibitor suggested a significant role of lysosomal enzymes in this apoptosis. By microscopic studies, lysosomes of wild-type DT40 cells fused to BCR-carrying endosomes became enlarged and accumulated one another. In contrast, these changes of lysosomal dynamics did not occur in Syk-deficient cells but transfer of wild-type Syk restored the lysosomal changes and apoptosis. These results demonstrated that the lysosomal change accompanied with the activation of lysosomal enzymes is a primary step in BCR-crosslinking-mediated apoptosis and Syk is responsible for this step through the fusion of BCR-carrying endosomes to lysosomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genome Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tohyama
authors.forename: Ken-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yuhong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Chiseko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tohyama
authors.forename: Hirohei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002645:Chickens; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072377:Syk Kinase
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; D045304:Cytochromes c; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016315:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-abl; C000606896:SYK protein, human; D000072377:Syk Kinase