title: Local cold acclimation of the hand impairs thermal responses of the finger without improving hand neuromuscular function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of cold acclimation on the thermal response and neuromuscular function of the hand.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten healthy subjects [three female, seven male, age (mean +/- SD): 27.9 +/- 7.9 years] immersed their right hand in 8 degrees C water for 30 min, 5 days a week for 3 weeks. On the first and the last day, neuromuscular function of the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant change in maximal voluntary contraction strength or evoked contractile characteristics of the FDI after cold acclimation. Minimum finger temperature decreased significantly from 10.6 +/- 1.2 to 9.3 +/- 0.8 degrees C after 3 weeks (P < 0.01), with most of the decrease occurring after a single exposure. Mean finger temperature dropped significantly from 14.2 +/- 1.9 to 11.7 +/- 1.4 degrees C following cold acclimation (P < 0.05), with 90% of this adaptation occurring after 5 days. Onset time of cold-induced vasodilatation increased from 446 +/- 171 to 736 +/- 384 s (P < 0.05) and the amplitude decreased from 5.3 +/- 3.2 to 2.5 +/- 2.1 degrees C (P < 0.05). This was significantly different from the control group, who immersed their right hand on the first and last days only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that cold acclimation does not enhance hand temperature or function but may put the hands at a greater risk of cold injury when exposed to the cold.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada.
authors.forename: C L M
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Geurts
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Sleivert
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007101:Immersion; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology