title: Regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor bioactivity in patients with acute lung injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reduced bioactive vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been demonstrated in several inflammatory lung conditions including the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). sVEGFR-1, a soluble form of VEGF-1 receptor, is a potent natural inhibitor of VEGF. We hypothesised that sVEGFR-1 plays an important role in the regulation of the bioactivity of VEGF within the lung in patients with ARDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty one patients with ARDS, 12 at risk of developing ARDS, and 16 normal controls were studied. Bioactive VEGF, total VEGF, and sVEGFR-1 were measured by ELISA in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for sVEGFR-1 was performed on BAL cells.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sVEGFR-1 was detectable in the BAL fluid of 48% (20/41) of patients with early ARDS (1.4-54.8 ng/ml epithelial lining fluid (ELF)) compared with 8% (1/12) at risk patients (p = 0.017) and none of the normal controls (p = 0.002). By day 4 sVEGFR-1 was detectable in only 2/18 ARDS patients (p = 0.008). Patients with detectable sVEGFR-1 had lower ELF median (IQR) levels of bioactive VEGF than those without detectable sVEGFR-1 (1415.2 (474.9-3192) pg/ml v 4761 (1349-7596.6) pg/ml, median difference 3346 pg/ml (95% CI 305.1 to 14711.9), p = 0.016), but there was no difference in total VEGF levels. BAL cells expressed mRNA for sVEGFR-1 and produced sVEGFR-1 protein which increased following incubation with tumour necrosis factor alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows for the first time the presence of sVEGFR-1 in the BAL fluid of patients with ARDS. This may explain the presence of reduced bioactive VEGF in patients early in the course of ARDS.
authors.affiliation: Intensive Care Unit, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Perkins
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: McAuley
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Thickett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism*; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012307:Risk Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040281:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1