title: Bioaccumulation of organic chemicals in contaminated soils: evaluation of bioassays with earthworms.
abstract: Earthworms live in close contact with the soil and can thus be considered representative for the bioavailability of chemicals at contaminated sites. Bioavailability can either be assessed by analyzing earthworms from contaminated locations or by exposing laboratory-reared specimens to soil samples from the field (bioassays). In this study, we investigate the relevance of bioassays by using an extended experimental design (to identify signs of depletion of the bioavailable phase by the earthworms) and by using two species of earthworm (the standard test species Eisenia andrei and the field-relevant Aporrectodea caliginosa). Furthermore, bioassay results are compared to body residues of worms collected from the field site: a heavily polluted polder, amended with dredge spoil. We focused on telodrin, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, and eight PCBs. With our bioassay design, it was shown that depletion was unlikely, although more subtle effects could have occurred (e.g., changes in sorption during the experiments). E. andrei is a good choice for bioassays because its body residues correlate well to those in A. caliginosa, as well as to those in the field-collected worms. Nevertheless, E. andrei accumulated slightly more than the other species and appeared to be more sensitive to the conditions in soil from one of our sites.
authors.affiliation: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Theoretical Biology, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. tjalling@bio.vu.nl
authors.forename: Tjalling
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: Leon
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: van der Wal
authors.forename: Roel H L J
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Fleuren
authors.forename: Arjan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barendregt
authors.forename: Joop L M
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hermens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D009835:Oligochaeta; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants