title: H3N2 influenza virus transmission from swine to turkeys, United States.
abstract: In 1998, a novel H3N2 reassortant virus emerged in the United States swine population. We report the interspecies transmission of this virus to turkeys in two geographically distant farms in the United States in 2003. This event is of concern, considering the reassortment capacity of this virus and the susceptibility of turkey to infection by avian influenza viruses. Two H3N2 isolates, A/turkey/NC/16108/03 and A/turkey/MN/764/03, had 98.0% to 99.9% nucleotide sequence identity to each other in all eight gene segments. All protein components of the turkey isolates had 97% to 98% sequence identity to swine H3N2 viruses, thus demonstrating interspecies transmission from pigs to turkeys. The turkey isolates were better adapted to avian hosts than were their closest swine counterparts, which suggests that the viruses had already begun to evolve in the new host. The isolation of swine-like H3N2 influenza viruses from turkeys raises new concerns for the generation of novel viruses that could affect humans.
authors.affiliation: Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Young K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Jee H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Gene
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Erickson
authors.forename: Sagar M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Han S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Joo
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Webby
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000940:Antigenic Variation; D053122:Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D014422:Turkeys / Q000821:virology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology