title: Pregnane X receptor prevents hepatorenal toxicity from cholesterol metabolites.
abstract: Efficient detoxification and clearance of cholesterol metabolites such as oxysterols, bile alcohols, and bile acids are critical for survival because they can promote liver and cardiovascular disease. We report here that loss of the nuclear xenobiotic receptor PXR (pregnane X receptor), a regulator of enterohepatic drug metabolism and clearance, results in an unexpected acute lethality associated with signs of severe hepatorenal failure when mice are fed with a diet that elicits accumulation of cholesterol and its metabolites. Induction of a distinct drug clearance program by a high-affinity ligand for the related nuclear receptor, the constitutive androstane receptor, does not overcome the lethality, indicating the unique requirement of PXR for detoxification. We propose that the PXR signaling pathway protects the body from toxic dietary cholesterol metabolites, and, by extension, PXR ligands may ameliorate human diseases such as cholestatic liver diseases and the associating acute renal failure.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Junichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sonoda
authors.forename: Ling Wa
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Downes
authors.forename: Grant D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Barish
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coulter
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liddle
authors.forename: Chih-Hao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006530:Hepatorenal Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D015415:Biomarkers; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D000090702:Constitutive Androstane Receptor; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D014157:Transcription Factors