title: Epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclin D1 are independently amplified and overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the status of EGFR, HER-2, and CCND1 at the gene and protein levels in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dual-color FISH assays were performed using DNA probes for EGFR/CEP 7, HER-2/CEP 17, and CCND1/CEP 11. The respective proteins, furthermore, was assessed in IHC assays and correlated with patient and tumor characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 55 ESCCs, 8 (15%) tumors showed gene amplification and 20 (36%) had gene overrepresentation (balanced gene and chromosome 7 polysomy) for EGFR. High-level protein expression was frequent (49%), positively correlated with gene copy numbers (kappa=0.4), and associated with well-differentiated histology (p=0.02). For HER-2, gene amplification was detected in a single tumor (2%) and protein overexpression was rare (9%). CCND1 gene was amplified in 23 (42%) tumors; likewise, CCND1 protein overexpression was common (58%) and prevailed in gene overrepresentation or amplification. Only 1 patient showed gene amplification for both EGFR and CCND1. Survival was not associated with EGFR or CCND1 gene/protein status, whereas negative patients for HER-2 protein had a better survival than positive patients (p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frequent overexpression and gene amplification of EGFR and CCND1 make these molecules and their pathways potential therapeutic targets for ESCC. In addition, EGFR and CCND1 appeared to be independently altered suggesting alternative mechanisms for pathway activation. Therapeutic agents targeting these molecules are urged to be tested in clinical trials and comprehensive biological analyses should be included to properly interpret the outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, 90110 Songkla, Thailand. spatrapi@medicine.psu.ac.th
authors.forename: Patrapim
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sunpaweravong
authors.forename: Somkiat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sunpaweravong
authors.forename: Puttisak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puttawibul
authors.forename: Winyou
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mitarnun
authors.forename: Chan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Anna E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Barón
authors.forename: Wilbur
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Franklin
authors.forename: Sherif
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: Marileila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Varella-Garcia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D019938:Cyclin D1; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases