title: Implications of systemic malignancies on human fertility.
abstract: Cancer patients have now longer life expectancy due to improved treatment modalities. As the mortality rate decreased and the survival rate increased, the consequences of cancer treatment in terms of impaired fertility became more frequently encountered. The objective of this review is to highlight fertility issues associated with systemic malignancies. Systemic malignancies lead to deterioration of human fertility directly or indirectly as a result of cytotoxic treatment regimens. A variety of measures may be used to decrease the incidence of fertility decline that occurs. Gamete cryopreservation represents a widely accepted method for fertility preservation in cancer patients. In addition, other procedures such as germ cell transplantation and ovarian cryopreservation, which are currently being developed, are expected to make significant contribution in these cases. However, there are some ethical issues that should be considered before offering patients any of these options.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, Infertility, and Sexual Function, Glickman Urological Institute and Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. agarwaa@ccf.org
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Tamer M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Said
mesh_terms: D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000941:ethics; D026690:Ethics, Clinical; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D005796:Genes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006066:Gonads / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D009865:Oocytes; D012662:Semen Preservation; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000637:transplantation; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013737:Testis / Q000601:surgery; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting