title: Effect of cancer cachexia on the activity of tripeptidyl-peptidase II in skeletal muscle.
abstract: The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway plays a major role in degradation of myofibrillar proteins in skeletal muscle during cancer cachexia. The end-product of this pathway is oligopeptides and these are degraded by the extralysomal peptidase tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPPII) together with various aminopeptidases to form tripeptides and amino acids. To investigate if a relationship exists between the activity of the proteasome and TPPII, functional activities have been measured in gastrocnemius muscle of mice bearing the MAC16 tumour, and with varying extents of weight loss. TPPII activity was quantitated using the specific substrate Ala-Ala-Phe-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin, while proteasome activity was determined as the 'chymotrypsin-like' enzyme activity. Both proteasome proteolytic activity and TPPII activity increased in parallel with increasing weight loss, reaching a maximum at 16% weight loss, after which there was a progressive decrease in activity for both proteases with increasing weight loss. In murine myotubes, proteolysis-inducing factor, which is a sulphated glycoprotein produced by cachexia-inducing tumours, induced an increase in activity of both proteasome and TPPII, with an identical dose-response curve, and both activities were inhibited by eicosapentaenoic acid. These results suggest that the activities of both the proteasome and TPPII are regulated in a parallel manner in cancer cachexia, and that both are induced by the same factor and probably have the same intracellular signalling pathways and transcription factors.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chand
authors.forename: Stacey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wyke
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tisdale
mesh_terms: D000626:Aminopeptidases; D000818:Animals; D002100:Cachexia / Q000201:enzymology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004152:Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000502:physiology; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D025801:Ubiquitin; D000626:Aminopeptidases; D004152:Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; C048001:tripeptidyl-peptidase 2; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex