title: Intraoperative remifentanil infusion does not increase postoperative opioid consumption compared with 70% nitrous oxide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Remifentanil is commonly used to replace nitrous oxide in general anesthesia to avoid the side effects of the latter. However, there are reports that intraoperative remifentanil infusion can lead to acute opioid tolerance. In this study, the authors tried to determine the dose of remifentanil comparable in efficacy to 70% nitrous oxide and to evaluate its effect on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after colorectal surgery using isoflurane anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty adult patients undergoing open colorectal surgery were randomly assigned to receive either remifentanil or 70% nitrous oxide along with isoflurane anesthesia. After morphine analgesia titration in the postanesthesia care unit, patient-controlled analgesia was commenced. Morphine consumption and pain were scored at rest and during cough or movement for 24 h.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean remifentanil infusion rate was 0.17 mug . kg . min. The median visual analog pain score on arrival in the postanesthesia care unit was 1 (0-10) in the nitrous oxide group and 3 (0-9) in the remifentanil group (P < 0.05). Otherwise, there was no difference in pain scores at 5, 10, and 15 min and no difference in the total morphine consumption during the stay in the postanesthesia care unit. The two groups had similar total morphine consumption in the first 24 h and pain scores at rest and during movement. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was 10% in both groups. There was no difference in the sedation scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The substitution of 70% nitrous oxide with remifentanil at a mean infusion rate of 0.17 mug . kg . minute for colorectal surgery did not affect postoperative opioid consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Libby H Y
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Siu-Kuen
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003107:Colorectal Surgery / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009609:Nitrous Oxide