title: Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinases and cyclooxygenases in synovial cells exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lyme arthritis is characterized by strong inflammatory reactions probably due to the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi in the joint. It has been suggested that Borrelia adopts different molecular mechanisms that either can amplify the host's inflammatory response or can suppress it. In the present study we analyzed the induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cyclooxygenases (COXs) in human synoviocytes exposed to different B. burgdorferi sensu stricto isolates (Geho and B31).
  
  
  METHODS
  Synoviocytes were exposed in vitro for 12 h up to 5 days. Semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression of MMP-1 to 13, COX-1 and COX-2. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was assessed by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MMP-1 was unchanged in synovial cells exposed to strain Geho, whereas it was downregulated by strain B31. MMP-13 was downregulated by both strains. COX-2 was upregulated by strain B31, which resulted in increased PGE2 concentration in the supernatant. In contrast, COX-1 was slightly upregulated and COX-2 tended to be downregulated by Geho resulting in a decreased PGE2 concentration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differential expression of MMPs and COXs suggests that different B. burgdorferi strains influence different molecular mechanisms leading to chronic inflammation. This might be reflected in the clinical variability among Lyme arthritis patients.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str.2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morbach
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nanki
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Baar
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Girschick
mesh_terms: D025065:Borrelia burgdorferi / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017364:Collagenases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011453:Prostaglandins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496511:PTGS1 protein, human; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D017364:Collagenases; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1