title: Concentration of cord serum placenta growth factor in normal and diabetic pregnancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether maternal diabetes or diabetes-related complications, such as macrosomia and chronic fetal hypoxia, are associated with altered placenta growth factor (PlGF) levels in cord serum.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two normal pregnancies, 67 pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes and 28 pregnancies complicated by insulin-treated gestational diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cord serum PlGF concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Amniotic fluid erythropoietin concentration was measured by a chemiluminescent immunologic method. Umbilical artery gas variables were analysed with standard blood gas and pH electrodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  PlGF concentration in cord serum at birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cord serum PlGF concentration was similar in normal pregnancies [13.4 (1.0) ng/L], in pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes [15.1 (1.8) ng/L, P= 0.583 vs controls] and in pregnancies complicated by insulin-treated gestational diabetes [13.6 (0.9) ng/L, P= 0.991 vs controls]. Cord serum PlGF did not correlate with relative birthweight. In diabetic pregnancies, cord serum PlGF correlated negatively with amniotic fluid erythropoietin (r=-0.449, P < 0.0001) and positively with umbilical artery Po(2) (r= 0.333, P= 0.001). There was a trend toward lower cord serum PlGF levels in diabetic pregnancies with pre-eclampsia compared with those without any hypertensive disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal diabetes per se is not associated with altered PlGF levels in cord serum. The correlation between PlGF and indices of fetal hypoxia in diabetic pregnancies may be related to the role of PlGF in potentiating the angiogenic response to vascular endothelial growth factor in ischaemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loukovaara
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Teramo
authors.forename: Sture
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011247:Pregnancy; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D000072483:Placenta Growth Factor; D011257:Pregnancy Proteins; C000608036:PGF protein, human