title: Anthropometric contribution to standardising manikins for artificial-head microphones and to measuring headphones and ear protectors.
abstract: True-to-size head-torso manikins are required for research in the field of artificial-head stereophony as well as for testing and measuring headphones, soundproof helmets, ear protectors and other headgear. Attempts to design a manikin according to the available anthropometric data available proved to be difficult. By testing 77 men with technical jobs, 15 new quantities have been measured, some of them for comparison and some to complete existing measurements. The tests showed that it is absolutely essential to differentiate manikins of the desired qualities from an ethnic point of view. Manikins of different model dimensions should not be standardised according to percentiles but should represent typical head shapes. To this end, thorough measurements have to be made.
authors.affiliation: Universität-Gesamthochschule-Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Burandt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pösselt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambrozus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosenfeld
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Knauff