title: Ethnicity and mode of delivery in 'low-risk' first-time mothers, East London, 1988-1997.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between 'ethnicity' and mode of delivery in first-time mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of a computerised obstetric data set.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hospitals in London, 1988-1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  27667 'low-risk' primiparous women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Logistic regression of computerised clinical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Odds of Caesarean section (CS) compared to other deliveries, and odds of forceps or ventouse delivery, compared to normal delivery, by assigned 'ethnic' group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  'African' (OR: 2.8; 95% confidence interval 2.4-3.1), 'West Indian' (OR: 1.7; 1.4-2.0), 'Bangladeshi' (OR: 2.1; 1.7-2.5), 'Indian' (OR: 1.6; 1.4-2.0) and 'Pakistani' (OR: 1.5; 1.1-2.0) women were at elevated risk of delivery by CS compared with 'Caucasian' women, after adjustment for maternal age, antenatal class attendance, late-booking, year of birth, hospital, intra-uterine growth retardation, birthweight, foetal sex, induction, and augmentation. 'Bangladeshi' (OR: 1.3; 1.1-1.5) and 'Indian' (OR: 1.3; 1.1-1.5) women had higher risks of delivery by forceps and ventouse compared with 'Caucasian' women after adjustment for maternal age, birthweight, hospital of birth, foetal sex, induction, augmentation and year of birth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This large study demonstrates strongly elevated risks of operative delivery in 'ethnic minority' mothers, after adjusting for important confounders. The study should be repeated in different populations, and more research is required to account for the differential risk of operative delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, UK.
authors.forename: Judith M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ibison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D001459:Bangladesh / Q000208:ethnology; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D007746:Labor Presentation; D008131:London; D008875:Middle Aged; D009772:Obstetrical Forceps; D010154:Pakistan / Q000208:ethnology; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors