title: Development of hepatopulmonary syndrome and portopulmonary hypertension in a paediatric liver transplant patient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (PPH) are pulmonary vascular disorders which occur in patients with severe liver disease and/or portal hypertension. Although these syndromes are frequently diagnosed in patients undergoing assessment for liver transplantation, they seldom occur in the same patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report describes a female paediatric patient, born with extra-hepatic biliary atresia, who required liver transplantation, at the age of 15, for secondary biliary cirrhosis. She had severe HPS prior to her first liver transplant, which resolved rapidly following surgery, as well as indirect evidence for PPH. She required a second liver transplant 1 yr later for chronic rejection. Whilst evaluating the patient for a third liver transplant, 4 yr later, severe PPH was discovered. The patient died 3 months later from right heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HPS and PPH may coexist however they may show differing responses to liver transplantation with progression of PPH despite the resolution of HPS.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Birmingham and Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK. tahir-s@malicity.com
authors.forename: Tahir
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Isaac
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Deirdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001656:Biliary Atresia / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000601:surgery; D020065:Hepatopulmonary Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology*; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology*; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D012086:Reoperation