title: 2-Furoyl-LIGRL-NH2, a potent agonist for proteinase-activated receptor-2, as a gastric mucosal cytoprotective agent in mice.
abstract: 1. Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR(2)), expressed in capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons, plays a protective role in gastric mucosa. The present study evaluated gastric mucosal cytoprotective effect of 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2), a novel highly potent PAR(2) agonist, in ddY mice and in wild-type and PAR(2)-knockout mice of C57BL/6 background. 2. Gastric mucosal injury was created by oral administration of HCl/ethanol solution in the mice. The native PAR(2)-activating peptide SLIGRL-NH(2), administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 0.3-1 micromol kg(-1) in combination with amastatin, an aminopeptidase inhibitor, but not alone, revealed gastric mucosal protection in ddY mice, which was abolished by ablation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons. 3. I.p. administration of 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2) at 0.1 micromol kg(-1), without combined treatment with amastatin, exhibited gastric mucosal cytoprotective activity in ddY mice, the potency being much greater than SLIGRL-NH(2) in combination with amastatin. This effect was also inhibited by capsaicin pretreatment. 4. Oral administration of 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2) at 0.003-0.03 micromol kg(-1) also protected against gastric mucosal lesion in a capsaicin-reversible manner in ddY mice. 5. I.p. 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2) at 0.1-0.3 micromol kg(-1) caused prompt salivation in anesthetized mice, whereas its oral administration at 0.003-1 micromol kg(-1) was incapable of eliciting salivation. 6. In wild-type, but not PAR(2)-knockout, mice of C57BL/6 background, i.p. administration of 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2) caused gastric mucosal protection. 7. Thus, 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2) is considered a potent and orally available gastric mucosal protective agent. Our data also substantiate a role for PAR(2) in gastric mucosal protection and the selective nature of 2-furoyl-LIGRL-NH(2).
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Koawake, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan. kawabata@phar.kindai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsufumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oono
authors.forename: Daiki
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yonezawa
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inoi
authors.forename: Fumiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.forename: Michiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirofuchi
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanke
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiwata
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2 / Q000819:agonists* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C487404:2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide; D009842:Oligopeptides; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2