Attenuated poxvirus-based simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccines given in infancy partially protect infant and juvenile macaques against repeated oral challenge with virulent SIV.
An infant macaque model was developed to test pediatric vaccine candidates aimed at reducing HIV transmission through breast-feeding. Infant macaques were given multiple immunizations during the first 3 weeks of life with recombinant poxvirus vaccines expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) structural proteins Gag, Pol, and Env (ALVAC-SIV or modified vaccinia virus Ankara [MVA]-SIV). After repeated daily oral inoculations with virulent SIVmac251 at 4 weeks of age, significantly fewer ALVAC-SIV-immunized infants were infected compared with unimmunized infants. Monkeys not infected after oral challenge in infancy were rechallenged at 16 months of age or older by repeated weekly oral SIV exposure; unimmunized animals were infected after fewer SIV exposures than were animals vaccinated with ALVAC-SIV or MVA-SIV. When infected, ALVAC-SIV- and MVA-SIV-vaccinated animals also had reduced viremia compared with unimmunized animals. The results of these investigations suggest that immunization of human infants with poxvirus-based HIV vaccine candidates may offer protection against early and late HIV infection through breastfeeding.
Van Rompay
Koen K A
KK
California National Primate Research Center, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Abel
Kristina
K
Lawson
Jonathan R
JR
Singh
Raman P
RP
Schmidt
Kimberli A
KA
Evans
Thomas
T
Earl
Patricia
P
Harvey
Danielle
D
Franchini
Genoveffa
G
Tartaglia
James
J
Montefiori
David
D
Hattangadi
Shilpa
S
Moss
Bernard
B
Marthas
Marta L
ML
D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D011212:Poxviridae / Q000235:genetics; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic / Q000276:immunology; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000276:immunology
D015686:Gene Products, env; D015682:Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins; C059580:transmembrane protein, Simian immunodeficiency virus