title: Association between mammography timing and measures of screening performance in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether there is an association between the number of months since previous mammography (MSPM) and performance measures (sensitivity, specificity, recall rate, cancer detection rate, and positive predictive value) in women who underwent U.S. community-based screening mammography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from seven registries (Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium) and mammographic data and cancer outcome in regard to 1 213 754 screening mammographic examinations performed in 680 641 women who were 40-89 years old for the years 1996-2000 were used in this study. These data are submitted annually in a standard format to a central statistical coordinating center that is subject to institutional review board approval, quality control, and confidentiality standards. Performance measures were calculated for first and subsequent screening mammography. For subsequent mammography, performance measures were calculated according to categories of MSPM (9-15, 16-20, 21-27, and >/=28 months). Receiver operating characteristic and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the association between the number of MSPM and performance measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With increasing MSPM in each category from 9-15 to 28 months or more and for first mammographic examinations, respectively, there was increased sensitivity (70.9%, 75.7%, 85.4%, 82.5%, and 88.6%), decreased specificity (93.3%, 92.7%, 91.6%, 91.0%, and 85.9%), increased recall rate (7.0%, 7.6%, 8.8%, 9.4%, and 14.7%), and increased cancer detection rates (3.2, 3.5, 4.5, 4.6, and 6.1 per 1000 mammographic examinations). When the category of 9-15 MSPM was compared with that of 21-27 MSPM, there was a slight increase in positive predictive value from 4.6% to 5.1%. Confidence intervals were narrow and did not overlap. Age affected these associations for all performance measures except sensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performance measures increased as MSPM increased, except for specificity, which decreased. Time between mammograms is an important factor to consider when audits are reviewed or screening performance measures are compared.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7515, 106 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7515, USA. bcy@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Bonnie C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yankaskas
authors.forename: Stephen H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Taplin
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Berta M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Carney
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kerlikowske
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ballard-Barbash
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Cutter
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Barlow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States