title: C/EBPdelta expression in a BCR-ABL-positive cell line induces growth arrest and myeloid differentiation.
abstract: CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of highly conserved transcription factors that have important roles in normal myelopoiesis as well as associated with myeloid disorders. The chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cell lines, KCL22 and K562, express exceptionally low levels of endogenous C/EBPs and provide a good model to test the effects of C/EBPs on myeloid differentiation. To explore the possibility that C/EBPdelta can promote differentiation in BCR-ABL-positive cells, we generated stable KCL22 and K562 clones that expressed an inducible C/EBPdelta gene. C/EBPdelta expression resulted in G0/G1 proliferative arrest and a moderate increase in apoptosis of the KCL22 and the K562 cells. Within 4 days of inducing expression of C/EBPdelta, myeloid differentiation of the CML blast cells occurred as shown by morphologic changes and induction of secondary granule-specific genes. We also showed that during granulocytic differentiation of KCL22 cells, the C/EBPdelta protein was detected in immunocomplexes with both Rb and E2F1. Furthermore, expression of C/EBPdelta was associated with downregulation of c-Myc and cyclin E and upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1) in both the KCL22 and K562 cell lines. These results show that expression of C/EBPdelta in BCR-ABL-positive leukemic cells in blast crisis is sufficient for neutrophil differentiation and point to the therapeutic potential of ectopic induction of C/EBPdelta in the acute phase of CML.
authors.affiliation: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. gerys@cshs.org
authors.forename: Sigal
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gery
authors.forename: Sakae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanosaki
authors.forename: Wolf-K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.forename: Ahrin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koppel
authors.forename: H Phillip
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Koeffler
mesh_terms: D051743:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000032:analysis*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; C497252:CEBPD protein, human; D006133:Growth Substances; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051743:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-delta; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl