title: Intracellular persistence of Escherichia coli in urinary bladders from mecillinam-treated mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested recently that intracellular bacteria surviving antibiotic treatment might serve as a reservoir for recurrent infection. The purpose of this study was to directly examine the location of Escherichia coli bacteria in the mouse bladder after treatment with mecillinam.
  
  
  METHODS
  The bladders were studied by use of colony counts, in situ hybridization and electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bacterial counts in the bladder remained approximately 10(3-4) cfu/bladder even after mecillinam treatment had finished, and re-growth in the urine was observed. In the bladder epithelium from treated mice, bacteria cells were occasionally seen, presumably representing intracellularly located bacteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first in vivo study indicating that during mecillinam treatment E. coli cells can penetrate the mouse bladder epithelium and persist.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Parasitology, National Center of Antimicrobials and Infection Control and Department of Virology, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark. mbp@ssi.dk
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Kerrn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Struve
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frimodt-Møller
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Krogfelt
mesh_terms: D000560:Amdinocillin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D000560:Amdinocillin