title: Kindling limits the interictal neuronal temporal response properties in cat primary auditory cortex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the effect of electrical kindling on the interictal temporal response properties of single units recorded from primary auditory cortex (AI) of the adult cat.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cats were permanently implanted with electrodes in AI, kindled twice daily for 40 sessions, and the contralateral AI was subsequently mapped. Kindling stimulation consisted of 1-s trains of biphasic square-wave pulses applied at a frequency of 60 Hz, 100 microA above the afterdischarge (AD) threshold. The EEG activity was recorded during each kindling session, and the behavioral manifestation was scored. Subsequent to kindling, multiple single-unit responses were recorded under ketamine anesthesia in response to 1-s-long periodic click trains, with click rates between 2 and 64 Hz. Neuronal responses were characterized according to their ability to respond in time-locked fashion to the clicks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Kindling stimulation resulted in progression of the AD characteristics and seizure behavior, with six of 10 kindled cats reaching a fully generalized state. In the fully kindled cats, the best modulation frequencies and limiting following rates for the single-unit responses were significantly lower compared with those of naive and sham controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated epileptiform activity interferes with temporal processing in cat auditory cortex in the interictal state. This may have implications for people with epileptic foci in auditory-related areas.
authors.affiliation: Behavioural Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: G Campbell
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Teskey
authors.forename: Jos J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Eggermont
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology