Legalized gambling and crime in Canada.
In the 10 provinces and 2 territories of Canada in 2000, but not in 1990, the total number of types of gambling activities was positively associated with rates of robbery (p<.05). Controls for other social variables did not eliminate these associations. With so many correlations in the present study the likelihood of a Type I error was quite large. Alpha was adjusted to control that likelihood. Statistical analysis now required even stronger evidence before concluding that there were significant relationships between crime and gambling variables or among gambling variables. In the 10 provinces of Canada in 1999/2000, the total numbers of electronic gambling machines for each province was associated with rates of theft over $5000 (p<.01). In 1990 there were positive associations found for burglary with off-track betting and race/sportsbooks; motor vehicle theft with off-track betting, and race/sportsbooks; rate of theft with casinos; quarter horse racing with thoroughbred racing. In 2000 there were positive associations for robbery with casinos and slot machines; casinos with slot machines; scratch tickets with raffles, break-open tickets, sports tickets, and charitable bingo; raffles with break-open tickets, sports tickets, and charitable bingo; break-open tickets with sports tickets; charitable bingo with break-open tickets and sports tickets.
Bridges
F Stephen
FS
Division of Health, Leisure and Exercise Science, The University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Pensacola, FL 32514-5750, USA. fbridges@uwf.edu
Williamson
C Bennett
CB
D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002961:Civil Rights / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007174:Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005715:Gambling; D006801:Humans