title: Zolmitriptan 5 mg nasal spray: efficacy and onset of action in the acute treatment of migraine--results from phase 1 of the REALIZE Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of phase 1 (reported here) of this two-phase study was to assess the efficacy of zolmitriptan 5 mg nasal spray, in terms of ability to provide relief from all migraine symptoms, in a controlled setting, designed to replicate clinical practice.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Zolmitriptan nasal spray has been shown to be fast acting and highly effective in the treatment of migraine, as assessed using standard endpoints, such as headache response and pain-free rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the double-blind first phase of the study, patients with migraine were randomized to receive zolmitriptan 5 mg nasal spray or placebo to treat a single migraine attack. Attacks were treated according to patients' normal patterns of use, in order to closely reflect clinical practice; that is, no specific regimen was dictated in terms of time to treatment or at what level of pain intensity the headache should be treated. Patients could take a second dose of study medication or an agreed escape medication if adequate pain relief had not been achieved 2 hours after the first dose. The primary efficacy endpoint was total symptom relief (freedom from pain, nausea, photophobia, and phonophobia) 1 hour after the first dose. Secondary efficacy endpoints included headache response, pain-free status and sustained pain-free status, and ability to perform normal activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intention-to-treat population comprised 461 zolmitriptan nasal spray recipients and 451 placebo recipients. The total symptom relief rate 1 hour post-dose was significantly higher in the zolmitriptan 5 mg nasal spray group than in the placebo group (14.5% vs. 5.1%; P < .0001); the difference between the groups was significant from 30 minutes post-dose. Treatment with zolmitriptan nasal spray, compared with placebo, also produced a higher headache response rate from 10 minutes post-dose (15.1% vs. 9.1%; P = .0079) and a higher pain-free rate from 30 minutes post-dose (7.7% vs. 3.2%; P = .0039). Zolmitriptan nasal spray was also significantly superior to placebo in terms of sustained pain-free status and patients' ability to perform normal activities. Zolmitriptan nasal spray was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm the efficacy demonstrated by zolmitriptan nasal spray in previous clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gawel
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aschoff
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Charlesworth
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014363:Tryptamines
chemical_list: D023303:Oxazolidinones; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D014363:Tryptamines; C089750:zolmitriptan