title: The influence of resources on perceived functional limitations among women with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: The purpose of this longitudinal investigation was to identify the effects of external resources (i.e., education, marriage, employment, social support, economic status) on the trajectory of perceived functional limitation among women with multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesized that these resources would have a long-term influence upon MS-related functional limitation. As part of a longitudinal study of health promotion and quality of life among persons with MS, we tested hypothesized relationships using data obtained at five time points, using repeated-measures MANOVA. We found that functional limitation scores increased over time for all participants. In general, women who were unemployed as a result of MS consistently had higher functional limitation scores, and employed women consistently had lower functional limitation scores. Women with lower social support scores consistently perceived greater functional limitation than those with higher social support scores. Women with lower perceived-economic-adequacy scores consistently had higher functional limitation scores than women with higher perceived-economic-adequacy scores. Nurses and other healthcare professionals are in an optimum position to observe and assess the resources of women with MS. They can use presence, listening, and observational skills to identify verbal and nonverbal cues of resource depletion. In addition, they can act as advocates for women with MS and speak out on policy issues and legislation at the local and national levels. Healthcare professionals can thus influence the presence of resources for those who are particularly vulnerable to resource loss, so they can participate successfully in work, recreational, and home environments.
authors.affiliation: Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA. emclinge@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clingerman
authors.forename: Alexa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stuifbergen
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors