title: Understanding physicians' attitudes towards hormone therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to understand the relationship among components of residency education about hormone therapy (HT), knowledge about HT, and provider attitudes toward HT during a time of rapidly changing practice guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed residents in the University of Pittsburgh Internal Medicine residency programs between February to April 2002 (after the release of the Heart Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study and prior to the release of preliminary Women's Health Initiative data) regarding demographics, educational (didactic and experiential) exposures to HT and menopause management, knowledge about HT, and attitudes toward HT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-nine of 92 (75%) eligible residents completed the survey; 38% were women. The race and gender of responders did not differ from nonresponders. Residents had significant didactic exposure to HT and menopause management with 80% reporting more than one didactic exposure. Despite this, HT knowledge was low (mean knowledge score 47 +/- 16%) and only 26% of residents felt prepared to counsel patients about HT. We identified four factors related to provider attitudes toward HT: "persistence" in universally recommending HT, confidence in "HT benefits," concern about "HT cardiac risks," and concern about "HT noncardiac risks." More appropriate attitudes were associated with attending a lecture, having a rotation with a discussion of menopause management (i.e., Women's Health), and a continuity practice including more than 30% women. Pharmaceutical detailing and self-directed study were associated with less appropriate attitudes. Knowledge did not influence attitudes. Strongly held beliefs about the benefits of HT, appropriate or inappropriate, were associated with increasing "persistence."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In an area of rapidly changing information, such as the risks and benefits of HT, knowledge is low. Experiential learning appropriately influences attitudes, while pharmaceutical detailing was associated with inappropriate attitudes toward HT risks.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 230 McKee Place, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. hessr@umpc.edu
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: Chung Chou Joyce
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conigliaro
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNeil
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007388:Internal Medicine / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards*; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016387:Women's Health