title: Prolonged survival in a subgroup of patients with brain metastases treated by gamma knife surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors analyzed the factors involved in determining prolonged survival (> or = 24 months) in patients with brain metastases treated by gamma knife surgery (GKS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2003, a total of 116 patients underwent 167 GKS procedures for brain metastases. There was no special case selection. Smaller and larger lesions were treated with different protocols. The mean patient age was 56.9 years, the mean number of initial lesions was 3.15, and the mean lesion volume was 10.45 cm.3 The mean follow-up time was 9.2 months. The median patient survival was 8.68 months. One-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year actuarial survival rates were 31.8%, 19.8%, 14.6%, 7.7%, and 6.9%, respectively. Patient age, number of lesions at presentation, and lesion volume had no influence on patient survival. Twenty-three (19.8%) patients survived for 24 months or more. Certain factors were associated with increased survival time. These were stable primary disease (21 of 23 patients), a long latency between diagnosis of the primary tumor and the occurrence of brain metastases (mean 28.4 months, median 16 months), absence of third-organ involvement, and repeated local procedures. Ten patients underwent repeated GKS (mean 3.4 per patient). Seven patients required open surgery for local treatment failures (recurrence or radiation necrosis). Two patients had both. Fifteen patients underwent repeated procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aggressive local therapy with GKS, repeated GKS, and GKS plus surgery can achieve increased survival in a subgroup of patients with stable primary disease, no third-organ involvement, and long primary-brain secondary intervals.
authors.affiliation: Gamma Knife Centre, Canossa Hospital, Hong Kong, China. cpyu@thebraincentre.org
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Joel Y C
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Josie F K
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Samuel C L
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Robert T K
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D047368:Tumor Burden / Q000528:radiation effects