title: l-selectin and alpha4beta7 integrin, but not ICAM-1, regulate lymphocyte distribution in gut-associated lymphoid tissue of mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adhesion molecules on lymphocytes ( l -selectin and alpha4beta7) and endothelium (MAdCAM-1 and ICAM-1) direct lymphocytes into the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of mice. Parenteral nutrition and MAdCAM-1 blockade reduce GALT cell mass. This study examined the effects on GALT cell mass of blockade of l -selectin, alpha4beta7, and ICAM-1 with saturating doses of monoclonal antibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  In experiment 1, l -selectin and alpha4beta7 expression were measured by flow cytometry in chow-fed mice. In experiment 2, 49 mice randomly received chow, parenteral nutrition, chow + intravenous (IV) anti-CD62L, chow + IV anti-LPAM-1, or chow + IV isotype control antibody. After 4 days, lymphocyte yields in GALT and respiratory and intestinal IgA levels were measured. In experiment 3, 27 mice randomly received chow, parenteral nutrition, chow + IV anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody, or chow + IV isotype control antibody for 5 days. Lymphocyte counts and IgA levels were determined as in experiment 2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some 80% of all circulating lymphocytes were positive for l -selectin and alpha4beta7. Lymphocyte counts in the Peyer's patches, lamina propria, and intraepithelial space were lower in the l -selectin and alpha4beta7 blockade groups (3.1, 1.8, and 0.9 x 10(6) and 2.1, 1.9, and 0.7 x 10(6) , respectively) than in the chow group (5.9, 3.0, and 1.7 x 10(6) ; P < .02 vs the l -selectin group and P <.001 vs the alpha4beta7 group) and similar to the levels in the parenteral group. Respiratory and intestinal IgA levels are maintained in all groups except the parenteral group ( P <.04 vs the chow group). ICAM-1 blockade did not influence cell counts or IgA levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most circulating lymphocytes have GALT homing potential. Their distribution into GALT is hindered by blockade of l -selectin or alpha4beta7, but not by ICAM-1.
authors.affiliation: VA Surgical Services, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
authors.forename: Shannon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Reese
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Kudsk
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Genton
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikeda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002465:Cell Movement; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016023:Integrins; C071777:integrin alpha4beta7; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019041:L-Selectin