title: Effect of insulin and angiotensin II receptor subtype-1 antagonist on myocardial remodelling in rats with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the role of insulin or an angiotensin II receptor antagonist (losartan), or both, in preventing cardiomyocyte damage in rats suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and to correlate it with insulin receptor modulation at the cardiomyocyte, coronary endothelium and skeletal muscle cell level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were divided into groups of normal rats, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats given insulin, each subdivided into a control group and an experimental group treated with losartan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals were killed 1 month after enrollment to the study. Perfusion of the heart with iodine-125-labelled insulin was carried out for all the groups and the binding kinetics of insulin to its receptors on the coronary endothelial cells and the cardiomyocytes were determined using a physical/mathematical model. In addition, tissue samples from the heart and intercostal skeletal muscle were snap frozen and used for histological, indirect immunofluorescence and western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiac muscle from diabetic animals exhibited diffuse cardiomyopathic changes consisting of widespread vacuolation, loss of striation and cellular hypertrophy, which were reduced and even prevented by treatment with insulin and losartan. In addition, losartan seemed to mediate the upregulation of insulin receptor density on cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle, and increase insulin receptor affinity at the coronary endothelial site. Finally, treatment with losartan induced a significant decrease in glucose concentrations in the diabetic group compared with the appropriate controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of losartan to the standard insulin treatment in non-hypertensive animals with IDDM offers new benefits concerning cardiac protection and prevention of damage. This may be attributed, in part, to insulin receptor density and sensitization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Wael A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Al Jaroudi
authors.forename: Nuha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nuwayri-Salti
authors.forename: Julnar A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Usta
authors.forename: Darine S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zwainy
authors.forename: Chehade N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: Khalil M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bitar
authors.forename: Anwar B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Bikhazi
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D019808:Losartan