title: Comparison of three oxytetracycline regimes for the treatment of persistent Anaplasma marginale infections in beef cattle.
abstract: Anaplasmosis, caused by the tick-borne rickettsia, Anaplasma marginale, is an economically important disease of cattle in the United States and worldwide. Cattle that recover from acute infection become carriers in which low or microscopically undetectable A. marginale rickettsemia persists. Tetracycline antimicrobials are currently the only drug used in the US for treatment of acute anaplasmosis. There are currently no drugs specifically licensed for elimination of persistent infections. This study tested the efficacy of three oxytetracycline treatment regimens to clear A. marginale from cattle that were persistently infected. Forty Angus x Simmental steers, aged 6-12 months were experimentally infected with A. marginale. After the steers recovered from acute infection, seroconverted, and were confirmed infected using nested PCR followed by DNA hybridization, the carrier status of each animal was ascertained by sub-inoculation of blood into a separate, splenectomized Holstein calf. The steers were then blocked by bodyweight and randomly assigned as follows to four treatment groups: Treatment A, 300 mg/ml solution of oxytetracycline (Tetradure LA-300, Merial Canada Inc.) administered at 30 mg/kg, by intramuscular (i.m.) injection on day 0; Treatment B, the same 300 mg/ml solution of oxytetracycline administered at 30 mg/kg, i.m. on day 0 and again on day 5; Treatment C, a 200 mg/ml solution of oxytetracycline (Liquamycin LA-200, Pfizer Animal Health) administered at 22 mg/kg, intravenously (i.v.), q 24 h for 5 days (a treatment dose that corresponds with current Office International des Epizooties (OIE) recommendations for treatment prior to export). The fourth group consisted of untreated infected control cattle. All steers were still nested PCR and cELISA positive at 60 days after treatment. Infection was confirmed by subinoculation of blood into a splenectomized Holstein calf. These results demonstrated that the treatment regimens tested failed to clear A. marginale infections in carrier cattle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. hcoetzee@iastate.edu
authors.forename: Johann F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Coetzee
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Apley
authors.forename: Katherine M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Kocan
authors.forename: Fred R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rurangirwa
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Donkersgoed
mesh_terms: D042322:Anaplasma marginale; D000712:Anaplasmosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002353:Carrier State / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000469:parasitology*; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010118:Oxytetracycline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018512:Parasitemia / Q000662:veterinary; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D010118:Oxytetracycline