title: Paroxysmal arousal in epilepsy associated with cingulate hyperperfusion.
abstract: A patient with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal motor attacks during sleep had brief paroxysmal arousals (PAs), complex episodes of nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, and epileptic nocturnal wandering since childhood. Ictal SPECT during an episode of PA demonstrated increased blood flow in the right anterior cingulate gyrus and cerebellar cortex with hypoperfusion in the right temporal and frontal associative cortices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy. vetrugno@neuro.unibo.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vetrugno
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascalchi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vella
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Della Nave
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Provini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Plazzi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Volterrani
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bertelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vattimo
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lugaresi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Montagna
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004569:Electroencephalography; D017034:Epilepsy, Frontal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000502:physiology*