title: Modified isocratic capillary electrophoresis detection of cell-free DNA in semen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives were: i) to analyze semen for the presence of cell-free DNA and ii) to determine the association between sperm parameters and cell-free DNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell-free DNA in semen (N = 25 cases) were detected using the modified capillary gel electrophoresis (CE) procedure. SYBR-Gold was used to stain high (12 Kb) and low (1 Kb) molecular weight DNA fragments and the images analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quantity of low-molecular weight cell-free DNA was positively correlated to rapid progression, curvilinear velocity (>40 microm/s), normal strict morphology and capacitation index. High-molecular weight cell-free DNA intensity index was negatively correlated to post-wash hyperactivation. Sperm concentration was not related to cell-free DNA quantity. The sperm freezing process did not increase cell-free DNA but reduced the more labile low-molecular weight cell-free DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cell-free DNA present in semen was correlated to important sperm parameters linked to normal sperm function. The data suggested the possible use of cell-free DNA as a marker of semen quality. This study reports on the novel finding of cell-free DNA released along with sperm during each ejaculation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chan
mesh_terms: D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary; D018869:Heat-Shock Response; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012661:Semen / Q000737:chemistry*; D012662:Semen Preservation; D013075:Sperm Capacitation; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004247:DNA