title: Pediatric video laryngo-stroboscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laryngo-stroboscopy remains as the clinical gold standard for assessing properties of the glottal phonatory and valvular function. This includes deficits of closure as well as mucosal wave irregularities secondary to abnormal zones of pliability and symmetry. Per-oral stroboscopy has technical limitations in children due to the size of the telescope and issues of patient compliance. However, flexible laryngoscopy is readily performed in newborns and young children. This paper describes the use of a new trans-nasal, digital flexible laryngoscope, which allows for laryngo-stroboscopy in children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A prospective longitudinal series was done on 25 children ages 19 months-13 years (mean age, 7.0 years) with this new technology. All 25 were successfully examined.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New technological advancements in the design of digital flexible endoscopes has allowed for laryngo-stroboscopy, and therefore, provides the potential for expanding the population of children with vocal disorders in whom stroboscopic imaging is possible. Larger studies will be necessary to determine its limitations related to age, development, and disease. As the study of pediatric voice disorders continues to evolve, accurate diagnosis is essential to apply state of the art non-operative and phonosurgical interventions. Further longitudinal studies are currently underway to continue to refine techniques of pediatric voice assessment and to define limitations of this new technology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Laryngology, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114-3914, USA. christopher_hartnick@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hartnick
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zeitels
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007820:Laryngeal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007829:Laryngostenosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014743:Videotape Recording; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000473:pathology; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000209:etiology