title: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, a rare disease of unknown etiology that is seen almost exclusively in women of childbearing age, generally presents with features of pulmonary involvement. It may be associated with tuberous sclerosis. Its clinical pulmonary manifestations vary from simple cough to the development of recurrent pneumothorax, hemoptysis, and even complicated pleural effusions. Progressive dyspnea develops as the disease evolves. Most patients eventually require lung transplant. This wide array of symptoms and signs makes the differential diagnosis extensive, and the clinician must be familiar with this disorder to arrive promptly to the correct diagnosis. Here we report a case of a 35-year-old woman with a history of pleuritic effusion with associated dyspnea before being diagnosed with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. A review of the literature pertinent to this case is also provided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, CRO-IRCCS, Aviano, Italy. abearz@cro.it
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bearz
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rupolo
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Canzonieri
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balestreri
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: La Mura
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berretta
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Colussi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frustaci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018192:Lymphangioleiomyomatosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011859:Radiography