title: Immunoglobulin and peripheral B-lymphocyte concentrations in Fell pony foal syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fell pony foals are affected by a congenital fatal disease that leads to profound anaemia and immunodeficiency. Previous studies comparing healthy and affected foals have shown normal T-cell populations, but a severe B-lymphopenia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure the levels of individual immunoglobulin subisotypes in normal and affected Fell ponies and correlate these levels with the number of peripheral B-lymphocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of individual immunoglobulin subisotypes were measured by ELISA and correlated with the number of peripheral B-lymphocytes (measured by flow cytometry).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Affected foals had significantly reduced serum levels of IgM, IgGa, IgGb and IgG(T) that coincided with the normal reduction in maternally derived immunoglobulin in foals and, with the exception of IgGb, correlated strongly with the B-lymphopenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that affected foals are unable to produce their own immunoglobulins. Therefore, once maternal immunity has waned, it may be the lack of specific foal-derived immunoglobulin that gives rise to the clinical signs of immunodeficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of IgM after age 4 weeks may provide a more accessible means of confirming the status of future affected Fell pony foals than the measurement of B-lymphocytes (a technique limited to a few specialist laboratories).
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000740:Anemia / Q000151:congenital / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology*; D006736:Horses; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood*; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000151:congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D008231:Lymphopenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M