title: Relationship between oxygen consumption and sex of bovine in vitro fertilized embryos.
abstract: The present study was conducted to examine the relationship between the oxygen consumption rate and sex ratio of bovine in vitro fertilized embryos on each day of blastocyst formation. The quality of blastocysts collected on day 7, 8, and 9 after in vitro fertilization (IVF) were categorized as ranks A and B (excellent and good, respectively) based on microscopic observation of the morphology. The oxygen consumption rate and sex of individual blastocysts were evaluated using two novel techniques: scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), respectively. The oxygen consumption rates of embryos of rank A were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of rank B, irrespective of the day of blastocyst appearance after IVF. Neither did the proportion of male embryos of ranks A and B differ significantly from each other at any of the days examined, nor from the average proportion (53%). The oxygen consumption rate of embryos of rank B collected on day 8 was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in female embryos than in male embryos collected on the same day. However, there were no apparent differences of oxygen consumption rates at each day of blastocyst appearance between male and female embryos of rank A. These results indicate that the oxygen consumption rate of individual embryos reflects their quality but does not correlate with the sex ratio of embryos of excellent quality.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Agung
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otoi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: N W K
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Karja
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wongsrikeao
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watari
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D046508:Culture Techniques / Q000662:veterinary; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000662:veterinary; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012744:Sex Ratio