title: Initial experience with gamma knife surgery for endocrine ophthalmopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate both the effectiveness and safety of the treatment of endocrine ophthalmopathy with gamma knife surgery (GKS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients were included in a prospective study designed to assess the results of GKS of endocrine ophthalmopathy secondary to Graves disease. All the patients completed a 2-year follow-up period. During this period, the patients were evaluated both clinically and by means of additional methods, including computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging studies. The minimum dose delivered to the 50% isodose line was 6.5 Gy in all the patients. In all cases, a clinical improvement was observed. The best effect was seen in symptom regression related to soft-tissue involvement. No treatment-related side effects were detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In light of the results obtained the authors consider that GKS may be a safe and effective way to treat endocrine ophthalmopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stereotactic, Functional, and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, FLENI Neurology Institute, Buenos Aires, Argentina. jantico@fleni.org.ar
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Antico
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Crovetto
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tenca
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Artes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology