title: Development of a human acute myeloid leukaemia screening panel and consequent identification of novel gene mutation in FLT3 and CCND3.
abstract: A study was undertaken to develop an acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) screening panel to uncover novel recurring gene mutations. Analysis was performed on six genes known to be mutated in AML (RUNX1, FLT3, KIT, CEBPA, PTPN11 and NRAS) and an additional two candidate genes (CCND3 and FES) in a panel of 175 primary human AML samples that included all French-American-British types except M3, and all cytogenetic risk groups. One hundred and fifteen mutations were identified in 97 (55%) patients comprising 81 patients (46%) with one mutation, 14 patients (8%) with two mutations and two patients (1%) with three mutations. Fifty-five of 88 (63%) patients with normal karyotype AML had at least one mutation. Correlation was observed between KIT mutation and 'favourable risk' cytogenetics (P <0.001), CEBPA mutation and 'intermediate risk' cytogenetics (P=0.045), and PTPN11 mutation and 'poor risk' disease (P <0.001). The frequency of individual gene mutation was in accordance with previously published studies. Three novel mutations of FLT3 were detected (Y589D, D839G, Y842H) that would have been overlooked by conventional gel electrophoresis. A 51-bp deletion was detected in CCND3 in a patient with normal karyotype AML. This validated panel now provides an important tool to evaluate other candidate genes in the genesis of myeloid malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Medical Oncology Unit, Charterhouse Square, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London. matt.lws@virgin.net
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arch
authors.forename: Lan-Lan
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Nigel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bainton
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neat
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: Jamie D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cavenagh
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andrew Lister
authors.forename: Jude
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fitzgibbon
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D056743:Cyclin D3; D016213:Cyclins / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3
chemical_list: C534696:CCND3 protein, human; D056743:Cyclin D3; D016213:Cyclins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C497970:FLT3 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051941:fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3