title: Flavor and stability of pasteurized milk with elevated levels of conjugated linoleic acid and vaccenic acid.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine if flavor differences between 2% fat pasteurized milks with and without naturally enhanced vaccenic acid (VA) and cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) levels could be detected over the commercial shelf life of the product and to determine if milk with elevated VA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA levels was more susceptible to development of light-induced oxidative flavor defects. Cows were fed a control diet or the same ration supplemented with 2% soybean oil and 1% fish oil (CLA diet). The milk, standardized to 2% fat, was pasteurized, homogenized, and stored in plastic containers at 4 degrees C. Oxidation was induced by exposing half of the containers to light. Testing was conducted at 1, 7, and 14 d postpasteurization. Average cis-9, trans-11 CLA content of the milks from the control and CLA diet groups was 0.52 and 4.74 g/100 g of fatty acids, respectively (8-fold increase). Average VA content of the milk from the control and CLA diet groups was 1.43 and 12.06 g/100 g of fatty acids, respectively (7.5-fold increase). Together, VA plus CLA represented almost 17% of the total milk fatty acids. There was no effect of light exposure on fatty acid composition initially or over the 14-d storage period. Although VA, cis-9, trans-11 CLA, and degree of unsaturation were significantly elevated in the milk from the CLA diet group, untrained panelists were unable to detect flavor differences initially or over time in 15 of 16 triangle test evaluations. Similarly, sensory results indicated no difference in susceptibility to the development of oxidized off-flavors between the milk from the control and CLA diet groups, even when oxidation was induced by light exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. JL72@cornell.edu
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dwyer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noorbakhsh
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Barbano
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Bauman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005519:Food Preservation; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000032:analysis*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D005395:Fish Oils; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D008055:Lipids; D009829:Oleic Acids; D013024:Soybean Oil; C050413:11-octadecenoic acid