title: Predominant constitutive CFTR conductance in small airways.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathological hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are inflammation of the small airways (bronchiolitis) and destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema). These forms of disease arise from chronic prolonged infections, which are usually never present in the normal lung. Despite the fact that primary hygiene and defense of the airways presumably requires a well controlled fluid environment on the surface of the bronchiolar airway, very little is known of the fluid and electrolyte transport properties of airways of less than a few mm diameter.
  
  
  METHODS
  We introduce a novel approach to examine some of these properties in a preparation of minimally traumatized porcine bronchioles of about 1 mm diameter by microperfusing the intact bronchiole.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In bilateral isotonic NaCl Ringer solutions, the spontaneous transepithelial potential (TEP; lumen to bath) of the bronchiole was small (mean +/- sem: -3 +/- 1 mV; n = 25), but when gluconate replaced luminal Cl-, the bionic Cl- diffusion potentials (-58 +/- 3 mV; n = 25) were as large as -90 mV. TEP diffusion potentials from 2:1 NaCl dilution showed that epithelial Cl- permeability was at least 5 times greater than Na+ permeability. The anion selectivity sequence was similar to that of CFTR. The bionic TEP became more electronegative with stimulation by luminal forskolin (5 microM)+IBMX (100 microM), ATP (100 microM), or adenosine (100 microM), but not by ionomycin. The TEP was partially inhibited by NPPB (100 microM), GlyH-101* (5-50 microM), and CFTRInh-172* (5 microM). RT-PCR gave identifying products for CFTR, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC and NKCC1. Antibodies to CFTR localized specifically to the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the small airways.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the small airway of the pig is characterized by a constitutively active Cl- conductance that is most likely due to CFTR.
authors.affiliation: Dept, Pediatrics, Medical School, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA USA. pquinton@ucsd.edu.
authors.forename: Xiaofei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lytle
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Quinton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000502:physiology*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D010477:Perfusion; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator