title: Lymphocyte sub-populations in gestational diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesize that the normal immunologic responses by the maternal immune system during pregnancy are not as well-regulated in gestational diabetes (GD) patients as in healthy pregnant women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using two-color flow cytometry we evaluated frequencies of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 20 GD patients being treated with insulin; 43 GD patients treated with dietary therapy but no insulin; 44 women experiencing normal pregnancies; and 48 non-pregnant women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with healthy pregnant women, both GD cohorts showed higher percentages CD4(+)CD25(+) (P < 0.05), CD4(+)CD45RO(+) (P < 0.05) and CD4(+)CD29(+) (P < 0.01) but lower percentages of CD4(+)CD45RA(+) (P < 0.05). Higher percentages of the activated phenotypes CD8(+)CD25(+) and CD8(+)HLA-DR(+) cells in the diet-treated cohort and CD4(+)HLA-DR(+) cells in insulin-treated GB cohort, were observed compared with healthy pregnant subjects (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expanded populations of activated peripheral blood T cells are associated with GD, suggesting that normal maternal immunosuppression is less effective in GD-afflicted women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait. fadia@hsc.edu.kw
authors.forename: Fadia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: Habib
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abul
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haines
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy