title: Questionnaires to measure sexual quality of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sex is important to quality of life. There are a number of questionnaires to measure sexual-function, but many lack applicability and usefulness to certain groups.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify questionnaires measuring sexual function, determine the domains most commonly assessed, and examine evidence for their usefulness in different populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerized literature search using Medline, PubMed and PsychLit, reference lists, and unpublished reports, published in English between 1957 and 2001. MESH terms included sexual function, sexual dysfunction, sexual satisfaction, quality of life, and questionnaire. Articles were excluded if the questionnaire did not measure sexual function from the patient perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were grouped as general questionnaires that include a sexual function domain, and sexual-function-specific questionnaires. Questionnaires were evaluated for domains, applicability to different populations, and evidence for reliability, validity and responsiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Literature search yielded 62 questionnaires, 57 which assessed sexual function from the patient perspective; 12 were general and 45 specific. Six domains were commonly represented, including interest and desire, satisfaction/quality of experience, excitement/arousal, performance, attitude/behavior, and relationship. Only 28% could be used in homosexual patients, and 52% were applicable to both genders; 57% were designed for use in chronic disease populations. Only nine questionnaires had evidence for both adequate reliability and validity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current measures of sexual functioning often exclude important domains, lack applicability to gender and sexual preference groups, or lack adequate testing of validity and testing in important populations. Future questionnaires should take into account these concerns.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arrington
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cofrancesco
authors.forename: Albert W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires