title: Nigerian HIV type 2 subtype A and B from heterotypic HIV type 1 and HIV type 2 or monotypic HIV type 2 infections.
abstract: The presence of HIV-2 in Nigeria has been confirmed serologically, but not genetically. To determine the frequency of HIV-2 infections and the dynamics between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in 35 of 36 Nigerian states, 420 blood samples were collected in 1999. Antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2 were detected by EIA and seroreactivity was confirmed with the INNO-LIA HIV Line Assay. The frequency of HIV-2 was 4.3% (18 of 420), with 3.8% (16 of 420) HIV-1 and HIV-2 (HIV-1/2) heterotypic and 0.5% (2 of 420) HIV-2 homotypic infections. The presence of HIV-2 subtype B in the two monotypic HIV-2 infections and subtype A in 11 (68.8%) of 16 HIV-1/2 dually seropositive samples was established by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. HIV-2 subtype B viruses were not found in any of the HIV-1/2 dual infections, and HIV-2 subtype A strains were not identified in either of the two monotypic HIV-2 infections. Since our sample size was small and represented only convenience samples, larger randomized studies will be needed to better understand the dynamics of infection between HIV-1 and different HIV-2 subtypes and to determine whether significant biological differences exist among the HIV- 2 subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Clement
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zeh
authors.forename: Danuta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pieniazek
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Agwale
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Odama
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sani-Gwarzo
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gboun
authors.forename: Uford S
authors.initials: US
authors.lastname: Inyang
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Folks
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wambebe
authors.forename: Marcia L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kalish
mesh_terms: D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005838:Genotype; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000145:classification* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D016333:HIV Protease