title: Effect of acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats and its related mechanisms.
abstract: In this study we evaluated the effect of a novel, marine-derived, acidic oligosaccharide on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats using the Morris water maze test. The results show that 30-day administration of this oligosaccharide, referred to as acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain (AOSC), to rats attenuates memory impairment by scopolamine, as evaluated by shortened escape latency, swimming distance, and increased swimming time of rats with memory impairment induced by scopolamine in the quadrant where the platform is placed. The data additionally suggest that an appropriate dose of scopolamine, a traditional muscarinic receptor antagonist, elevates oxidative damage in brain, characterized by inactivation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and consequently, inhibition of ATPase in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. AOSC ameliorates oxidative injuries caused by scopolamine by increasing the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and ATPase. Further investigation by flow cytometry revealed that AOSC significantly reduces the overloading of intracellular free calcium ion ([Ca2+]i), thus suppressing apoptosis induced by H2O2 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that AOSC can induce cognitive improvement via its antioxidant activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Marine Drug and Food Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Jinfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Xianliang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Meiyu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Geng
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000470:Alkaloids; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry*; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D012601:Scopolamine; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors; D014966:Xanthenes
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D002241:Carbohydrates; D008351:Mannans; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D014966:Xanthenes; C500727:acidic oligosaccharide sugar chain, Echlonia Kurome Okam; C050426:huperzine A; C059715:Fluo-3; D012601:Scopolamine; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; D002118:Calcium