title: Treating individuals 4: can meta-analysis help target interventions at individuals most likely to benefit?
abstract: Meta-analyses of randomised trials aim to summarise the effects of interventions across many patients, and can seem remote from the clinical issue of how individual patients should be treated and which patient groups will benefit the most from treatment. One method that attempts to address this point entails relating the overall effect in every trial to summaries of patient characteristics. This is called meta-regression. The interpretation of such analyses is not straightforward, however, because of a combination of confounding and other biases. Much more useful is to compare the outcomes for patient subgroups within trials and combine these results across trials. Unfortunately this method is rarely possible using published information, so analyses of individual patient data from trials are necessary. Also, although meta-analyses generally summarise an intervention's effect as a relative risk reduction, the groups of patients with the greatest absolute risk reduction have the most to gain.
authors.affiliation: MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge CB2 2 sR, UK. simon.thompson@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Simon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Julian P T
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Higgins
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins