title: Variability in fMRI: a re-examination of inter-session differences.
abstract: We revisit a previous study on inter-session variability (McGonigle et al. [2000]: Neuroimage 11:708-734), showing that contrary to one popular interpretation of the original article, inter-session variability is not necessarily high. We also highlight how evaluating variability based on thresholded single-session images alone can be misleading. Finally, we show that the use of different first-level preprocessing, time-series statistics, and registration analysis methodologies can give significantly different inter-session analysis results.
authors.affiliation: Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Department of Clinical Neurology, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom. steve@fmrib.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Christian F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: Narender
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramnani
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Woolrich
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Bannister
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jenkinson
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McGonigle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D015203:Reproducibility of Results