title: Validation of the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale in patients with major depression; is the total score a valid measure of illness severity?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of antidepressant drug efficacy requires adequate rating scales for measuring the severity of depression. However, to measure the illness severity by such a total score, the scale needs to fulfil criteria of unidimensionality. On this background, we aimed at comparing the unidimensionality of the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (MES) and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D(17)).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1629 patients aged between 18 and 65 years with a major depressive episode were treated openly with sertraline at a fixed oral dose of 50 mg daily during 4 weeks. The HAM-D(17) and the MES were applied at baseline and at weeks 2 and 4. Unidimensionality was tested with Mokken and Rasch analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unidimensionality of the HAM-D(17) could not be confirmed. However, the 6-item Hamilton Depression Subscale (HAM-D(6)), was accepted by the Rasch analysis both at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks of therapy. For the MES (as well as for the HAM-D(6)), a Loevinger coefficient of homogeneity above 0.40 (suggesting acceptance) was found at week 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HAM-D(6) and the MES did fulfil criteria for unidimensionality while the HAM-D(17) did not. Therefore, the extended use of the HAM-D(17) in drug trials may be questioned.
authors.affiliation: Mood Disorders Research Unit, Aarhus University Psychiatric Hospital, Risskov, Denmark. rl@psykiatri.aaa.dk
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Licht
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qvitzau
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allerup
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bech
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline