title: The echocardiographer's role during the placement of patent foramen ovale closure devices.
abstract: The use of TEE and ICE techniques have been extremely important in the development of closure of PFOs and ASDs using interventional techniques. These two imaging techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of these problems and have gone far beyond TTE and its known problems for diagnosing septal defects (Fig. 21).
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104-9747, USA. eagill@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Quaife
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging