title: Findings in cystourethrography that suggest lower urinary tract dysfunction in children with vesicoureteral reflux.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Children with lower urinary tract dysfunction and vesicoureteral reflux, at cystography assessment, frequently present alterations in the lower urinary tract anatomy such as dilated posterior urethra, irregularity of the bladder wall and diverticula. However, the significance of these findings is unknown. The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of these findings, their time of disappearance and their correlation with the severity of the reflux.
  
  
  METHODS
  193 children with vesicoureteral reflux, considered simple, in the age group above 5 years at the moment of diagnosis, were analyzed. The recommendation for follow-up of these patients was one voiding cystoureterography (VCUG) each year. Only patients with a minimum of 2 VCUGs performed in a period of at least 6 months were considered. The VCUGs were classified as positive and negative in relation to findings that were characteristic of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  From the 193 children analyzed, 50 (26%) presented positive VCUG and 143 negative VCUG. From the patients without symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction (n = 135), 12 (9%) presented positive VCUG and 123 (91%) a negative VCUG. From the patients with negative VCUG, 68 (48%) presented unilateral reflux and 75 (52%) presented bilateral reflux. From those with positive VCUG, 26 (52%) had unilateral reflux and 24 bilateral reflux (48%). This difference was not statistically significant. A higher incidence of grade II reflux was more evident in patients with negative VCUG and degree III in patients with positive VCUG (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that 64% of the patients with LUTD and reflux presented findings in the VCUG that suggest dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pediatric Urology, San Rafael Hospital, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. ubarroso@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Ubirajara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vinhaes
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Vivian A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Adriano A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Calado
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zerati Filho
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D014521:Urethra / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000503:physiopathology*