title: Insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor expression correlates to good prognosis in highly malignant soft tissue sarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate known and suggested prognostic markers, especially insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R), in highly malignant soft tissue sarcomas (STS).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 101 patients with primary STS of high malignancy grade was studied with respect to development of metastasis, local recurrence, and survival during a minimum of 5 years follow-up. All tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for expression of Ki-67, p53, p27, Bcl-2, IGF-1R, and microvessel density. The traditional clinical variables size, malignancy grade (3 or 4), necrosis, mitotic frequency, infiltrative tumor growth, vascular invasion, depth, and surgical margins were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant association was shown between high expression of IGF-1R and favorable outcome. Among STS with positive IGF-1R immunoreactivity, cases with high expression (76-100% positive cells) had the best outcome, whereas cases with the lowest expression (1-25% positive cells) had the worst. As expected, large tumor size (>11 cm), presence of necrosis, high mitotic count, intralesional surgery, and deep location were all significantly associated with poor outcome, both in univariate and multivariate analyses. No difference in outcome was observed between cases of malignancy grade 3 versus 4, whereas the included and more objective variables necrosis and mitotic count were found to be reliable prognostic markers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGF-1R expression is a common feature of highly malignant STS. Further elucidation of the role of IGF-1R and the IGF system in STS may both provide a basis for development of new prognostic tools in STS, as well as shed light on the basic mechanisms of the STS development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. jan.ahlen@kirurgi.ki.se
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahlén
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wejde
authors.forename: Otte
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brosjö
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: von Rosen
authors.forename: Wen-Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Girnita
authors.forename: Olle
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D008938:Mitosis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009336:Necrosis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D011379:Prognosis; D011485:Protein Binding; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1