title: Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction and rapid progression in a patient with malignant melanoma: establishment of KT293, a novel G-CSF-secreting melanoma cell line.
abstract: Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction (PLR) is a rare condition of leucocytosis in cancer patients. Here we report the rapid progression of a patient suffering from a metastasized malignant melanoma and PLR. The patient's white blood cell count exceeded 200,000 cells per mul and the serum level of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) was elevated up to 780 pg/mul. A Tc-m99-labeled anti-NCA90/95 based granulocyte scan demonstrated reactive bone marrow expansion, splenomegaly and granulocyte infiltration into the tumor. KT293, a S100, gp100 and CD68 positive melanoma cell line derived from an axillary metastasis, produced large amounts of G-CSF in vitro and induced rapidly growing tumors and PLR after subcutaneous inoculation in SCID mice. In contrast to G-CSF-secreting cancer cells of other tissue origin, G-CSF-neutralizing antibodies failed to inhibit the growth of KT293 cells. In addition, KT293 cells did not express G-CSF-receptor. These observations suggest that paracrine effects of G-CSF-secretion and PLR might promote an aggressive melanoma phenotype, as seen in this patient.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General and Thoracic Surgery, and Department of Dermatology, Section of Molecular Oncology of the University Clinics Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany. bschniewind@t-online.de
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schniewind
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christgen
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hauschild
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kurdow
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalthoff
authors.forename: Hans Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Klomp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008875:Middle Aged; D010257:Paraneoplastic Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D010641:Phenotype; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor