title: Cystitis glandularis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the characteristics of cystitis glandularis in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three cases of cystitis glandularis in children are described, occurring in boys aged 9-13 years. The presenting symptoms were gross haematuria in the first patient and frequency and urgency in the second. The third patient was asymptomatic and the lesion appeared as a wide thickening of the bladder wall on follow-up ultrasonography for previous surgery. In all patients, a polypoid bladder mass was found at cystoscopy and diagnosed at histology. The endoscopic resection, with long-term antibiotic prophylaxis, was the treatment of choice, with no recurrence at 12-30 months of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cystitis glandularis has been rarely described in children, and is probably related to chronic or recurrent infections or an inflammatory reaction. Its potential premalignant significance is still the subject of debate.
authors.affiliation: Division of Paediatric Urology, Bambino Gesu Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Piazza S. Onofrio, 4-00165, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Capozza
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collura
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nappo
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Dominicis
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Francalanci
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caione
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D002648:Child; D003556:Cystitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology