title: Leiomyoma of the orbit and periocular region: a clinicopathologic study of four cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Leiomyomas are exceedingly rare tumors of the orbit and periorbital region. Our objective is to describe the clinical, histopathologic, and radiologic features and the management of 4 cases of orbital leiomyomas and to summarize the cases from the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective review describes 4 patients with orbital leiomyoma diagnosed by clinical and histopathologic studies. Electron microscopy was performed in 2 cases. Immunohistochemical techniques were performed with 5 monoclonal antibodies. Selected papers describing well-documented cases of orbital leiomyoma in the English literature published since 1960 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT and MRI showed well-circumscribed contrast-enhancing mass lesions. Three tumors were completely excised and 1 had subtotal excision. All 4 tumors showed immunoreactivity for actin, desmin, and vimentin. Follow-up examination showed no evidence of recurrence in 3 patients. One patient was lost to follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a well-circumscribed mass lesion involving the orbit and periorbital region. Immunohistochemistry provides conclusive evidence to confirm the diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Yonca Ozkan
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Arat
authors.forename: Ramon L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Font
authors.forename: Imtiaz A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boniuk
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000276:immunology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003893:Desmin / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009918:Orbital Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014746:Vimentin / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D003893:Desmin; D014746:Vimentin