title: Predictors of substance use frequency and reductions in seriousness of use among persons living with HIV.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine predictors of the current level of substance use and reductions in seriousness of substance use among adults living with HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four major metropolitan areas of the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three thousand eight hundred six adults living with HIV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Self-reported substance use, depression, and quality of life from audio computer assisted self-interviewing and computer assisted personal interviewing structured assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent substance use of persons living with HIV was classified as frequent (40%), occasional (32%), or abstinent (28%). Participants using drugs at a frequent level identified as heterosexual, had public insurance, and had higher levels of depression. Participants who reduced from a lifetime high seriousness in substance use were female, older, and knew their HIV status for a longer period of time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening and identification of substance use should be included in all treatment settings and community-based organizations serving adults living with HIV.
authors.affiliation: Center for Community Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. mal@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Marguerita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lightfoot
authors.forename: Tyson
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: Risë
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rotheram-Borus
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Sheri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirshenbaum
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinhardt
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zadoretzky
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kittel
authors.forename: Mallory
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gore-Felton
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data