title: Low hematocrit predicts contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary interventions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between low hematocrit and contrast-induced nephropathy has not been investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 6,773 consecutive patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention, contrast-induced nephropathy (an increase of >/=25% or >/=0.5 mg/dL in preprocedure serum creatinine, at 48 hours postprocedure) occurred in 942 (13.9%) patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of contrast-induced nephropathy steadily increased as baseline hematocrit quintile decreased (from 10.3% in the highest quintile to 23.3% in the lowest quintile) (chi(2) for trend, P < 0.0001). Stratification by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and baseline hematocrit showed that the rates of contrast-induced nephropathy were the highest (28.8%) in patients who had the lowest level for both baseline eGFR and hematocrit. Patients with the lowest eGFR but relatively high baseline hematocrit values had remarkably lower rates of contrast-induced nephropathy (15.8%, 12.3%, 17.1%, and 15.4% in 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th quintiles of baseline hematocrit, respectively) (P < 0.0001). The rates of contrast-induced nephropathy increased with increment in change in hematocrit. Patients in the lowest quintile of baseline hematocrit with absolute hematocrit drop >5.9% had almost doubled rates of contrast-induced nephropathy compared with patients with hematocrit change <3.4% (38.1% vs. 18.8%, respectively) (P < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, lower baseline hematocrit was an independent predictor of contrast-induced nephropathy; each 3% decrease in baseline hematocrit resulted in a significant increase in the odds of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with and without chronic kidney disease (11% and 23%, respectively). When introduced into the multivariate model instead of baseline hematocrit, change in hematocrit also showed a significant association with contrast-induced nephropathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower hematocrit is an important risk factor for contrast-induced nephropathy. Whether correcting the hematocrit prepercutaneous coronary intervention might decrease the rates of contrast-induced nephropathy should be addressed in a prospectively designed trial.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nikolsky
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mehran
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lasic
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Mintz
authors.forename: Alexandra J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lansky
authors.forename: Yingbo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pocock
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Negoita
authors.forename: Issam
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: Gregg W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: Martin B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dangas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006400:Hematocrit; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media