title: Sonographically guided core biopsy in the assessment of thyroid nodules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to assess the value of sonographically guided core biopsy in the evaluation of thyroid nodules by comparison with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) performed with and without sonographic guidance.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of 645 thyroid samples obtained at a single center. Samples came from 422 patients who underwent FNAC (with or without sonographic guidance), sonographically guided core biopsy, or excision of thyroid tissue with or without prior frozen sectioning. Final diagnoses were obtained from surgery or clinical follow-up. Initial and final diagnoses were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate samples for assessment were obtained in 87% of core biopsies, compared with 60% of cytology aspirates (p <0.001). Sonographically guided core biopsy and sonographically guided FNAC both had zero false-negative rates for the diagnosis of malignancy, compared with a 7.0% false-negative rate (95% confidence interval, 2.0-12.0%) for aspiration cytology when sonography was not used. With core biopsy, 11% of patients required surgical confirmation of the diagnosis, compared with 43% of patients following FNAC (p <0.001). There were no major complications following core biopsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonographically guided core biopsy provides an accurate and safe alternative to FNAC in the assessment of thyroid nodules.
authors.affiliation: Wrexham Academic Unit, University of Wales College of Medicine, Maelor Hospital, Croesnewydd Road, Wrexham LL13 7TD, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: John N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Parijat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De
authors.forename: Raj K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Shrimali
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otter
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000473:pathology; D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology; D003581:Cytodiagnosis; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D016606:Thyroid Nodule / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional