title: Intranasal sufentanil/midazolam versus ketamine/midazolam for analgesia/sedation in the pediatric population prior to undergoing multiple dental extractions under general anesthesia: a prospective, double-blind, randomized comparison.
abstract: This article details a double-blind, randomized study evaluating the efficacy and safety of intranasal sufentanil and intranasal midazolam (S/M) when compared with intranasal ketamine and intranasal midazolam (K/M) for sedation and analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing dental surgery. Fifty healthy ASA status 1 children aged 5-7 years, weighing 15-20 kg, and having 6 or more teeth extracted, were randomly allocated to 2 groups of 25 patients each (n = 50). In the S/M group, 25 children received intranasal sufentanil 20 microg, and intranasal midazolam 0.3 mg/kg 20 minutes before the induction of anesthesia. In the K/M group, 25 children received intranasal ketamine 5 mg/kg and intranasal midazolam 0.3 mg/kg 20 minutes before the induction of anesthesia. Sevoflurane in nitrous oxide and oxygen was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. This study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of both methods with ease of administration, combined with a rapid onset of action. Both groups were equally sedated. A smooth mask induction of anesthesia was experienced in the majority of children. Effective postoperative analgesia for multiple dental extractions was provided. The intranasal administration of drugs for sedation and analgesia has some promising features in preschool children undergoing multiple dental extractions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Stellenbosch.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Roelofse
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Shipton
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: de la Harpe
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Blignaut
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000379:methods*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017409:Sufentanil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D007649:Ketamine; D017409:Sufentanil; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D008874:Midazolam