title: All D-VIP mitigates vasodilation elicited by L-VIP, micellar L-VIP and micellar PACAP1-38, but not PACAP1-38, in vivo.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether all D-vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), an inactive optical isomer of L-VIP, modulates the vasorelaxant effects of human L-VIP and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (PACAP)1-38, two ubiquitous and pleiotropic neuropeptides that activate VPAC1 and VPAC2, two VIP subtype receptors, in the intact peripheral microcirculation. Using intravital microscopy, we found that suffusion of all D-VIP had no significant effects on arteriolar diameter in the intact hamster cheek pouch. However, all D-VIP significantly attenuated L-VIP-induced vasodilation in a concentration-dependent fashion (P<0.05). likewise, all D-VIP significantly attenuated the vasorelaxant effects of L-VIP associated with sterically stabilized phospholipid micelles (SSM; P<0.05). Although all D-VIP had no significant effects on L-PACAP1-38-induced vasodilation, it abrogated PACAP1-38 in SSM-induced responses (P<0.05). The effects of all D-VIP were specific because it had no significant effects on acetylcholine-, nitroglycerin- and bradykinin-induced vasodilation. Taken together, these data indicate that all D-VIP attenuates the vasorelaxant effects of random coil and alpha-helix L-VIP as well as those of alpha-helix but not random coil PACAP in the intact peripheral microcirculation in a specific fashion. These effects are mediated, most likely, through interactions with VPAC1/VPAC2 receptors. We suggest that all D-VIP could be exploited as a novel, safe and active targeting moiety of VPAC1/VPAC2 receptors in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. irubinst@uic.edu
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rubinstein
authors.forename: Beena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ashok
authors.forename: Takaya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsueshita
authors.forename: Hayat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Onyüksel
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002610:Cheek / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D006224:Cricetinae; D006801:Humans; D008823:Micelles; D008833:Microcirculation; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013997:Time Factors; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008823:Micelles; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; C108046:pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating-peptide (1-38), pig; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D005996:Nitroglycerin; D000109:Acetylcholine; D001920:Bradykinin