title: Optimization of pH-independent release of nicardipine hydrochloride extended-release matrix tablets using response surface methodology.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to optimize the pH-dependent release of nicardipine hydrochloride extended release formulations by using simultaneously combination two hydrophilic polymers: hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and sodium alginate as retardant and avicel as additive. The constrained mixture experimental design was used to prepare systematic model formulations which were composed of three formulation variables: the content of HPMC (X1), avicel (X2), and sodium alginate (X3). The response surface methodology (RSM) and multiple response optimization utilizing the polynomial equation were used to search for the optimal formulation with specific release rate at different time intervals and to quantify the effect of each formulation variables. The drug release percent at 3, 6 and 12 h were the target responses and were restricted to 10-30% (Y3h), 40-65% (Y6h) and not less than 80% (Y12h), respectively. The results showed that the effect of combination of HPMC and sodium alginate was the most influence factor on the drug release from extended-release matrix tablets. The observed results of Y3h, Y6h and Y12h coincided well with the predictions in the RSM optimization technique, indicating it was quite useful for optimizing pharmaceutical formulation. The mechanism of drug release from extended-release matrix tablets was dependent on the added amount of alginate. The release kinetic of drug from HPMC matrix tablets with alginate was followed the zero-order release pattern.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yaw-Bin
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yi-Hung
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Shu-Hui
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jui-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Pao-Chu
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D008747:Methylcellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012995:Solubility; D013608:Tablets, Enteric-Coated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D013608:Tablets, Enteric-Coated; D065347:Hypromellose Derivatives; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D002482:Cellulose; D008747:Methylcellulose; D009529:Nicardipine