title: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 release is higher in visceral than subcutaneous human adipose tissue (AT): implication of macrophages resident in the AT.
abstract: Human adipose tissue (AT) produces several adipokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Human AT cultures, isolated adipocytes, and stromal-vascular cells were used to investigate the relationship among AT-resident macrophages, MCP-1, and adiposity and the regulation of MCP-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  mRNA levels of specific macrophage markers (CD68 and CD14) are correlated with adiposity in sc AT and visceral AT (P < 0.05). MCP-1 production is higher in stromal-vascular cells vs. adipocytes (P < 0.01) and correlates with macrophage markers in both AT compartments (P < 0.05). MCP-1 release is higher in obese subjects (P < 0.05) and in VAT (P < 0.01), but after adjusting for AT-resident macrophages, the differences disappear. MCP-1 is stimulated by IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-4, and IL-6 + IL-6-soluble receptor and is decreased by dexamethasone, IL-10, metformin, and thiazolidinediones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCP-1 is correlated with specific macrophage markers, adiposity, and AT localization, but the relationship seems to be related to the number of AT-resident macrophages. Despite this, MCP-1 may be involved in obesity-related health complications, and the decrease of MCP-1 by metformin and thiazolidinediones suggests that these antidiabetic compounds have antiinflammatory properties improving the low-grade inflammatory state observed in obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus Sygehus, Tage Hansensgade 2, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Jens.Bruun@ki.au.dk
authors.forename: Jens M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bruun
authors.forename: Aina S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lihn
authors.forename: Steen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Bjørn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Richelsen
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology*; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077288:Troglitazone; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014781:Viscera / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D002839:Chromans; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008687:Metformin; D000077288:Troglitazone