Mobilizing endothelial progenitor cells.
Mobilization of endogenous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow may be an alternative way to increase neovascularization and may be used as therapeutic option for the treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the EPC mobilizing effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as granolocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, erythropoietin, and angiopoietin-1, chemokines such as stromal cell-derived factor-1, hormones such as estrogens and lipid-lowering and anti-diabetic drugs, as well as physical activity.
Aicher
Alexandra
A
Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Frankfurt, Germany.
Zeiher
Andreas M
AM
Dimmeler
Stefanie
S
D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D018925:Chemokines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology; D006728:Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*
D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D006728:Hormones; D018836:Inflammation Mediators