title: Differential expression of extracellular matrix remodeling genes in rat model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific physiological inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are thought to play an essential role in tissue repair, cell death and morphogenesis. We have previously discovered unexpected up-regulation of genes coding for multiple MMP/TIMP family members in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. However, the effect of different resuscitation protocols at the level of protein expression and function remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 50; 10/group) were subjected to a three-stage volume controlled hemorrhage and resuscitated as follows: 1) lactated Ringer's solution (LR), 3:1 volume of lost blood; 2) 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS), 9.7 ml/kg; 3) plasma, 1:1 volume. Sham hemorrhage and sham resuscitation groups were used as controls. Expression of lung and spleen MMPs (-2, -7, -9, -10, -14, and -16), and TIMPs (-1, -2, and -3) was analyzed at transcriptional, functional and protein expression level using RT-PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, and gelatin zymography techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spleen was affected more than lung by the resuscitation strategy and the largest number of changes was caused by HTS resuscitation. RT-PCR confirmed an increased levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-7, MMP-14, MMP-16, and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 in the spleen of HTS group compared to sham groups, whereas in lungs transcriptional levels of only TIMP-3 and TIMP-1 were significantly changed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of MMP and TIMP in lung and spleen following hemorrhage is modulated by the resuscitation strategy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
authors.forename: Huazhen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Inocencio
authors.forename: Hasan B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koustova
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012151:Resuscitation / Q000379:methods*; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013154:Spleen / Q000502:physiology; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases