title: Intranasal delivery of nerve growth factor to protect the central nervous system against acute cerebral infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirmed reliability and feasibility of intranasal nerve growth factor (NGF) bypassing the blood-brain barrier and its potential neuroprotective effects on acute cerebral ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  (1) To assay NGF concentrations in different brain regions after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Rats were randomly divided into intranasal (i.n.) NGF, intravenous (i.v.) NGF, and untreated group (n = 4). The concentrations of NGF of different brain regions in the three groups after MCAO were measured by ELISA. (2) To observe neuroprotective action of NGF on focal cerebral ischemic damage. Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: i.n. vehicle, i.n. NGF, i.v. vehicle, i.v. NGF (n = 8). Treatment was initiated 30 minutes after onset of MCAO and given again 24 hours later. Three neurologic behavioral tests were performed 24 and 48 hours following onset of MCAO. Corrected infarct volumes were determined 48 hours after onset of MCAO.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The olfactory bulb in i.n. NGF group obtained the highest concentration (3252 pg/g) of NGF among all regions, followed by the hippocampus. The NGF concentrations in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus in i.n. NGF group were markedly higher than that in i.v. NGF and control groups. The infarct volume in i.n. NGF group was markedly reduced by 38.8% compared with i.n. vehicle group. I.n. NGF group vestibulum function markedly improved compared with i.n. vehicle group at 24 and 48 hours after onset of MCAO (P24h = 0.02 and P48h = 0.04, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intranasal NGF could pass through the blood-brain barrier, reach the central nervous system, reduce infarct volume, and improve neurologic function in rats following MCAO. Intranasal delivery of NGF may be a promising treatment for stroke.
authors.affiliation: Traumatic Center and Emergency Department, East Hospital, Shanghai 200120.
authors.forename: Hong-mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xin-feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Chun-fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000378:metabolism; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor