title: Headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: a fast approach to the identification and determination of 2-alkyl-3- methoxypyrazine pheromones in ladybugs.
abstract: Static headspace sampling technique coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was used to investigate the presence of volatile 2-alkyl-3-methoxypyrazines in three different species of ladybugs of the Coccinellidae family. The species investigated were Coccinella septempunctata, Harmonia axyridis and Hippodemia convergens. 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IPMP) was identified in all three species with detectable levels of 2-sec-butyl-3-methoxypyrazine (SBMP) and 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazines (IBMP) in only Hippodemia convergens and Harmonia axyridis species. Relative amounts of 2-alkyl-3-methoxypyrazines based on body mass showed that Hippodemia convergens had the highest levels of all three methoxypyrazines and Coccinella septempunctata the least.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry Department, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.
authors.forename: Erasmus
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cudjoe
authors.forename: Tara B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Wiederkehr
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Brindle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010675:Pheromones / Q000032:analysis*; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000032:analysis*; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones; D011719:Pyrazines