title: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies penetrate into human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and modify their apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interaction of extracellular anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) with neutrophilic granules may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ANCA-related disorders. It has been confirmed that apoptosis is an essential trigger associated with translocation of the cytoplasmic granules to the cell surface, and with the expression of ANCA antigens. Since cell penetration by autoantibodies and apoptosis may be associated processes, we tested the hypothesis that penetration of ANCA-autoantibodies into polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has an effect on apoptosis and thereby can influence surface antigen expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  PMNs were isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers and incubated in the presence of anti-proteinase3 (PR3) enriched IgG or normal human IgG. For each period of incubation (40 minutes or 12 hours) we evaluated: 1) PMN morphology by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for general estimation of the apoptotic process, and 2) ANCA binding to the target antigen by immunogold electron microscopy (IgEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both normal and anti-PR3 IgG penetrate PMNs. The labeled PR3-ANCA were localized on PR3 granules, regardless of the granules' location within the cell, and in the sites where the PMN destruction processes were most expressed. The destructive processes showed extensive apoptotic characteristics, in contrast to PMNs penetrated by normal IgG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PR3 ANCA penetrate PMNs and, via the interaction between PR3-ANCA and PR3-containing granule components, initiate a modification of the apoptotic process.
authors.affiliation: The Biophysical Interdisciplinary Jerome Schottenstein Center for the Research and the Technology of the Cellome, Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Bar-Ilan, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guejes
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zurgil
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shovman
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gilburd
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Afrimzon
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoenfeld
mesh_terms: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000276:immunology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D053146:Myeloblastin; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D001324:Autoantigens; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053146:Myeloblastin