title: Insomnia is more common among subjects living in damp buildings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insomnia is a condition with a high prevalence and a great impact on quality of life. Little is known about the relation between and sleep disturbances and the home environment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the association between insomnia and building dampness.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional, multicentre, population study, 16 190 subjects (mean age 40 years, 53% women) were studied from Reykjavik in Iceland, Bergen in Norway, Umeå, Uppsala, and Göteborg in Sweden, Aarhus in Denmark, and Tartu in Estonia. Symptoms related to insomnia were assessed by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects living in houses with reported signs of building dampness (n = 2873) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (29.4 v 23.6%; crude odds ratio 1.35, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.48). The association between insomnia and different indicators of building dampness was strongest for floor dampness: "bubbles or discoloration on plastic floor covering or discoloration of parquet floor" (crude odds ratio 1.96, 95% CI 1.66 to 2.32). The associations remained significant after adjusting for possible confounders such as sex, age, smoking history, housing, body mass index, and respiratory diseases. There was no significant difference between the centres in the association between insomnia and building dampness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insomnia is more common in subjects living in damp buildings. This indicates that avoiding dampness in building constructions and improving ventilation in homes may possibly have a positive effect on the quality of sleep.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. christer.janson@medsci.uu.se
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Janson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Norbäck
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Omenaas
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gislason
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nyström
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jõgi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gunnbjörnsdottir
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Norrman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wentzel-Larsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svanes
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Torén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D006798:Housing / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012923:Social Class