title: Is there a functional neural correlate of individual differences in cardiovascular reactivity?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study tested whether individuals who differ in the magnitude of their blood pressure reactions to a behavioral stressor also differ in their stressor-induced patterns of functional neural activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen participants (7 men, 9 women aged 47 to 72 years) were classified as high (n = 8) or low (n = 8) blood pressure reactors by the magnitude and temporal consistency of their systolic blood pressure (SBP) reaction to a Stroop color-word interference stressor. Both high and low SBP reactors completed this Stroop stressor while their task-related changes in blood pressure and functional neural activity were assessed in a blocked functional magnetic resonance imaging design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both high and low SBP reactors, the Stroop-stressor engaged the anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal, insular, posterior parietal, and the dorsolateral prefrontal regions of the cortex, the thalamus, and the cerebellum. Compared with low reactors, however, high reactors not only showed a larger magnitude increase in SBP to the Stroop stressor, but also an increased activation of the posterior cingulate cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A behavioral stressor that is used widely in cardiovascular reactivity research, the Stroop stressor, engages brain systems that are thought to support both stressor processing and cardiovascular reactivity. Increased activation of the posterior cingulate, a brain region implicated in vigilance to the environment and evaluative emotional processes, may be a functional neural correlate of an individual's tendency to show large-magnitude (exaggerated) blood pressure reactions to behavioral stressors.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Behavioral Medicine Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA. gianarospj@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gianaros
authors.forename: J Christopher
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Siegle
authors.forename: J Richard
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jennings
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000294:innervation*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D008016:Life Change Events; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests