Anti-inflammatory potential of flavonoid contents from dried fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida in vitro and in vivo.
The dried fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida, a local soft drink material and medical herb, demonstrated antioxidant effect in a previous study. The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory potential of flavonoid contents from dried fruit of C. pinnatifida (CF-Fs). The preliminary investigation showed that CF-Fs (0.25-0.75 mg/mL) decreased the release of PGE2 and nitric oxide as induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, an endotoxin) in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The in vivo assay showed that pretreatment of rats with CF-Fs (50-200 mg/kg dosed by gavage) for 5 days significantly decreased the serum levels of the hepatic enzyme markers alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase induced by the 6-h treatment with LPS (i.p.; 5 mg/kg). Histopathological evaluation of the rat livers revealed that CF-Fs reduced the incidence of liver lesions such as neutrophil infiltration and necrosis induced by LPS. Furthermore, it was found that pretreatment with CF-Fs decreased the hepatic expression of iNOS and COX-2 induced by LPS in rats. These results demonstrate that CF-Fs present anti-inflammatory potential in vitro and in vivo and that they may play a role in hepatoprotection.
Kao
Erl-Shyh
ES
Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Sec. 1, Chien Kuao N. Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan.
Wang
Chau-Jong
CJ
Lin
Wea-Lung
WL
Yin
Yu-Fang
YF
Wang
Chi-Pin
CP
Tseng
Tsui-Hwa
TH
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002460:Cell Line; D027825:Crataegus / Q000737:chemistry*; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005519:Food Preservation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D006505:Hepatitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005419:Flavonoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone