title: Carnobacterium pleistocenium sp. nov., a novel psychrotolerant, facultative anaerobe isolated from permafrost of the Fox Tunnel in Alaska.
abstract: A novel, psychrotolerant, facultative anaerobe, strain FTR1T, was isolated from Pleistocene ice from the permafrost tunnel in Fox, Alaska. Gram-positive, motile, rod-shaped cells were observed with sizes 0.6-0.7 x 0.9-1.5 microm. Growth occurred within the pH range 6.5-9.5 with optimum growth at pH 7.3-7.5. The temperature range for growth of the novel isolate was 0-28 degrees C and optimum growth occurred at 24 degrees C. The novel isolate does not require NaCl; growth was observed between 0 and 5 % NaCl with optimum growth at 0.5 % (w/v). The novel isolate was a catalase-negative chemoorganoheterotroph that used as substrates sugars and some products of proteolysis. The metabolic end products were acetate, ethanol and CO2. Strain FTR1T was sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, kanamycin and gentamicin. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed 99.8 % similarity between strain FTR1T and Carnobacterium alterfunditum, but DNA-DNA hybridization between them demonstrated 39+/-1.5 % relatedness. On the basis of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain FTR1T (=ATCC BAA-754T=JCM 12174T=CIP 108033T) be assigned to the novel species Carnobacterium pleistocenium sp. nov.
authors.affiliation: NASA/NSSTC, XD12, 320 Sparkman Drive, Room 4247, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA.
authors.forename: Elena V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Pikuta
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Structural Biology, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, MSB, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
authors.forename: Damien
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marsic
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Asim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bej
authors.affiliation: American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.affiliation: American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Blvd, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krader
authors.affiliation: NASA/NSSTC, XD12, 320 Sparkman Drive, Room 4247, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA.
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hoover
mesh_terms: D000413:Alaska; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D005580:Fossils; D005615:Freezing; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D006093:Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007053:Ice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D007053:Ice; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S