title: The impact of neurodynamic testing on the perception of experimentally induced muscle pain.
abstract: Neurodynamic tests such as the straight leg raising (SLR) and slump test are frequently used for assessment of mechanosensitivity of neural tissues. However, there is ongoing debate in the literature regarding the contributions of neural and non-neural tissues to the elicited symptoms because many structures are affected by these tests. Sensitizing manoeuvres are limb or spinal movements added to neurodynamic tests, which aim to identify the origin of the symptoms by preferentially loading or unloading neural structures. A prerequisite for the use of sensitizing manoeuvres to identify neural involvement is that the addition of sensitizing manoeuvres has no impact on pain perception when the origin of the pain is non-neural. In this study, experimental muscle pain was induced by injection of hypertonic saline in tibialis anterior or soleus in 25 asymptomatic, naive volunteers. A first experiment investigated the impact of hip adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation in the SLR position. In a second experiment, the different stages of the slump test were examined. The intensity and area of experimentally induced muscle pain did not increase when sensitizing manoeuvres were added to the SLR or throughout the successive stages of the slump test. The findings of this study lend support to the validity of the use of sensitizing manoeuvres during neurodynamic testing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physiotherapy, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Brisbane, Australia. m.coppieters@shrs.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: Michel W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Coppieters
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurz
authors.forename: Thor Einar
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Mortensen
authors.forename: Nicola L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: Ingrid A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Skaret
authors.forename: Laurie M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Hodges
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000294:innervation*; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000187:drug effects; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012399:Rotation; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic