title: Dietary fiber intake by American preschoolers is associated with more nutrient-dense diets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To illustrate and discuss implications of the new Diet Reference Intakes for fiber, relative to a nationally representative sample of American preschoolers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study using the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals 1994-1996, 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children 2 through 5 years of age who provided 2 days of dietary intake data (N=5,437) were grouped and 2- and 3-year-olds (n=2,805) were compared with 4- and 5-year-olds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive analysis (mean+/-standard error) was used to describe the sample and to rank children into quartiles of dietary fiber intake. Nonparametric test for trend was employed to examine significance level of observed changes in nutrient and food group consumption by increasing fiber intake quartiles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Main contributors to dietary fiber intakes were low-fiber fruits and legumes. Children in the high-fiber quartile consumed diets with higher nutrient and fiber density and increased number of servings of Food Guide Pyramid food groups. Many children in this population did not meet intake recommendations of "age plus five," and most lacked the 14 g/1,000 kcal of energy consumed, even after considering a hypothetical estimated average of 5 g/day functional fiber.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children would benefit from diets higher in fiber. Newly recommended intake levels are only met by a few and further studies need to be conducted to provide evidence for a recommended intake level of fiber in children. Average consumption of functional fiber in children has to be examined.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 5G Henderson Bldg, University Park, PA 16802, USA. sxk72@psu.edu <sxk72@psu.edu>
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kranz
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Siega-Riz
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smiciklas-Wright
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D007887:Fabaceae; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018673:Nutrition Policy; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009753:Nutritive Value; D014481:United States