title: Suicidal risk during treatment with clozapine: a meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Suicide remains a major cause of premature mortality among patients with schizophrenia. Evidence of reduced suicidal risk with available psychiatric treatments is limited, but emerging data suggest such an effect of clozapine in chronically psychotic patients, leading us to compile the reported evidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched for published studies with contrasting rates of suicides or attempts by psychotic patients treated with clozapine vs. other agents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among six such studies, random-effects meta-analysis indicated a substantially lower overall risk of suicidal behaviors with clozapine vs. other treatments (risk-ratio 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.7-6.3; p<0.0001). For completed suicides, the risk ratio (RR) was 2.9 ([CI 1.5-5.7]; p=0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term treatment with clozapine was associated with three-fold overall reduction of risk of suicidal behaviors. However, available findings are quantitatively inconsistent, well-designed studies remain rare, and the only randomized trial did not find reduced risk of completed suicide. Additional randomized comparisons among modern treatments for psychotic disorders are required to clarify their impact on mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hennen
authors.forename: Ross J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Baldessarini
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine