title: Influence of sex on toxicity and treatment outcome in small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Female sex has been shown consistently to be a favorable prognostic factor in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Studies have shown that women with other tumor types experience greater treatment toxicity, but there have been few studies of sex-related toxicity in SCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a sex-based retrospective analysis of four SCLC trials conducted by the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group between 1987 and 1999. The 1,006 patients (648 males and 358 females) received similar chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide-doxorubicin-vincristine and etoposide-cisplatin. Toxicities examined included myelosuppression, stomatitis, vomiting, and infection. Other end points included dose reductions and omissions, response, and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women experienced significantly more hematologic toxicity than men (grade 3 and 4 anemia, 16.3% v 7.6%, respectively, P < .001; grade 3 and 4 leukopenia, 80.4% v 69.2%, respectively, P = .0001). However, toxic death rates were similar for men and women (1.5% v 1.1%, respectively, P = .58). Women also had significantly more stomatitis and vomiting of all grades. Despite increased toxicity, 76% of females versus 73.4% of males received all six treatment cycles (P = .38), but 52% of females versus 43.4% of males had treatment delayed for 2 weeks or more (P = .022). Only 31.8% of females and 28.2% of males had at least one cycle of chemotherapy dose reduction (P = .23). The overall response rate was 80.3% for females and 66.9% for males (P < .0001), and the median survival time was 1.31 years for females compared with only 0.91 year for males (P < .0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women experience more chemotherapy-related toxicity in the treatment of SCLC, but they also have increased response rates and survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Simron
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Parulekar
authors.forename: Nevin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feld
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Frances A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Shepherd
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome