title: Mechanisms underlying the endothelium-independent relaxation induced by angiotensin II in rat aorta.
abstract: It has been suggested that low concentrations of angiotensin II cause vasoconstriction, whereas high concentrations evoke vasodilation. Thus, this work aimed to characterize functionally the mechanisms underlying angiotensin II-induced relaxation, at high concentration, in isolated rat aortic rings. Vascular reactivity experiments, using standard muscle bath procedures, showed that angiotensin II (1-30 microM) concentration-dependently induces relaxation of phenylephrine-precontracted rings with intact or denuded endothelium. The relaxation was not altered in the presence of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), a nonselective inhibitor of metalloprotease. The selective antagonist of AT2 receptors, PD123319, inhibited angiotensin II-induced relaxation. Conversely, losartan or A-779, selective AT1 and Ang1-7 receptor antagonists, respectively, did not alter the relaxation induced by angiotensin II. HOE-140, a selective antagonist of the bradykinin B2 receptor, and amiloride, a Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor, abolished angiotensin II-induced relaxation. Administration of exogenous bradykinin on precontracted tissues produced concentration-dependent relaxation, which was also inhibited by HOE-140. Preincubation of denuded-rings with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), indomethacin, or tetraethylammonium (TEA) reduced angiotensin II-induced relaxation. The combination of L-NAME, indomethacin, and TEA completely abolished the relaxation induced by angiotensin II. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) as well as charybdotoxin reduced angiotensin II-induced relaxation. On the other hand, neither apamin nor glibenclamide altered the relaxation induced by angiotensin II. The major new finding of this work is that it demonstrated functionally the existence of AT2 receptors located on smooth muscle of rat aortic rings that mediated vasorelaxation via stimulation of B2 receptors by bradykinin, which in turns results in the activation of the NO-cGMP pathway, vasodilator cyclooxygenase product(s), and voltage-dependent and Ca+-activated large-conductance K+ channels.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Sandra Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Fukada
authors.forename: Carlos R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tirapelli
authors.forename: Márcio A F
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de Godoy
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000187:drug effects; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2 / Q000187:drug effects; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000378:metabolism; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D043782:Receptor, Bradykinin B2; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001920:Bradykinin