title: The WEBD project: a research of new methodologies for a distant-learning 3D system prototype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To create and to spread a new interactive multimedia instrument, based upon virtual reality technologies, that allows both the running simulation of machines and equipment and the reproduction via Web of complex three-dimensional (3D) anatomical models such as the skull.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were two main aspects of the project, one of design engineering and the other biomedical engineering, for the creation of "artificial" and anatomical objects. The former were made with 3D Studio Max R4 by Autodesk, San Rafael, CA, while the latter were created starting from real bones scanned with a CT system or a surface scanner and elaborated with different programs (3D Studio Max R4, Scenebuilder by Viewpoint, New York, NY and Spinfire by Actify, San Francisco, CA). The 3D models were to be integrated into web modules and had to respect file limits while preserving a sufficient definition. Two systems of evaluation were used, a questionnaire on a selected sample and an external evaluation by a different university.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Viewpoint format offers the best interactivity and size reduction (up to 96% from the original 3D model). The created modules included production of radiological images, rapid prototyping, and anatomy. The complete "3D Distant Learning Prototype" is available at www.webd.etsii.upm.es.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The software currently available permits the construction of interactive modules. The verification on the selected sample and the evaluation by the University of Naples show that the structure is well organized and that the integration of the 3D models meets the requirements.
authors.affiliation: University of Turin, IT--Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Torino, Italy.
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Cemenasco
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tornincasa
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Bianchi
mesh_terms: D003196:Computer Graphics; D020375:Education, Distance; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D020407:Internet; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D019212:Multimedia; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012984:Software; D019112:Teleradiology; D014584:User-Computer Interface