title: Teaching oral hygiene to children with autism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The need for improved oral hygiene routines in individuals with disabilities has been documented in many reports. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether visual pedagogy is a suitable way to teach children with autism how to brush their teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation took the form of a prospective study including clinical examinations and structured interviews. Based on visual pedagogy, a series of pictures were produced that showed a structured method and technique of tooth brushing. The pictures were placed in the bathroom or wherever tooth brushing was performed. Fourteen children with autism aged between 5 and 13 years (mean age = 9.3 years), and their parents participated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before the study, all parents found it difficult/very difficult to maintain good oral hygiene in their child. All children had visible plaque on their maxillary incisors and canines. After 12 months, the amount of visible plaque was reduced. After 18 months, most parents found maintaining good oral hygiene easier than before the study. All but one child/parent adopted the programme.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual pedagogy is a useful tool in helping people with autism to improve their oral hygiene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontology/Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Carin.Pilebro@odont.umu.se
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pilebro
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bäckman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003730:Dental Care for Persons with Disabilities / Q000379:methods*; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000193:education*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D023861:Photography, Dental; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D014099:Toothbrushing