title: Phytochemical-induced changes in gene expression of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes in cultured human primary hepatocytes.
abstract: 1. The naturally occurring compounds curcumin (CUR), 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), isoxanthohumol (IXN), 8-prenylnaringenin (8PN), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and sulforaphane (SFN) protect animals against chemically induced tumours. Putative chemoprotective mechanisms include modulated expression of hepatic biotransformation enzymes. However, few, if any, studies have used human primary cells as test models. 2. The present study investigated the effects of these phytochemicals on the expression of four carcinogenesis-relevant enzymes--cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1 and 1A2, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) and glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1)--in primary cultures of freshly isolated human hepatocytes. 3. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses demonstrated that CYP1A1 was up-regulated by PEITC and DIM in a dose-dependent manner. CYP1A2 transcription was significantly activated following DIM, IXN, 8PN and PEITC treatments. DIM exhibited a remarkably effective induction response of CYP1A1 (474-, 239- and 87-fold at 50, 25 and 10 microM, respectively) and CYP1A2 (113-, 70- and 31-fold at 50, 25 and 10 microM, respectively), that was semiquantitatively reflected in protein levels. NQO1 expression responded to PEITC (11 x at 25 microM), DIM (4.5 x at 50 microM) and SFN (5 x at 10 microM) treatments. No significant effects on GSTA1 transcription were seen. 4. The findings show novel and unexpected effects of these phytochemicals on the expression of human hepatic biotransformation enzymes that play key roles in chemical-induced carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gross-Steinmeyer
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Stapleton
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: T K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Bammler
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Quigley
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Farin
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Buhler
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Safe
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Eaton
mesh_terms: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003474:Curcumin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004798:Enzymes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D044950:Flavanones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D007211:Indoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013861:Thiocyanates / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C119737:8-prenylnaringenin; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D002273:Carcinogens; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004798:Enzymes; D044950:Flavanones; D007211:Indoles; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D013454:Sulfoxides; D013861:Thiocyanates; C058305:phenethyl isothiocyanate; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C447479:NQO1 protein, human; C484555:GSTA1 protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C016766:sulforaphane; D003474:Curcumin; C016392:3,3'-diindolylmethane