title: High porcine parvovirus antibodies in sow herds: prevalence and associated factors.
abstract: Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is widespread among swine. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of loosely housed sow herds in Finland with at least one animal with high (infection level) PPV antibodies and to gather basic knowledge about vaccination practices. In addition, selected factors associated with high antibody levels found in sows were examined. Altogether, 247 animals were sampled in 21 randomly chosen loosely housed sow herds. Samples were analysed with the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. PPV proved to be common; in 17 farms (81%) at least one animal had a high titre (>1 : 512), and 44% of all animals sampled had a high titre. The vaccination programmes had many shortcomings. In the generalised estimation equations (GEE) population-averaged model developed, the factors found to have a significant (p < or = 0.05) effect on HI titres were herd size, parity of two or greater and storage of the vaccine vial after use. Non-returning rate, re-breeding interval and litter size did not differ between herds with no high HI titres (n = 4) and those with at least one high HI titre (n = 17).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Saari Unit, Finland. jonna.oravainen@helsinki.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oravainen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heinonen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tast
authors.forename: Jv
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Virolainen
authors.forename: Oat
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Peltoniemi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D006799:Housing, Animal; D010322:Parvoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D028323:Parvovirus, Porcine / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015995:Prevalence; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014611:Vaccination / Q000662:veterinary; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D014765:Viral Vaccines