title: Dual sugar gut-permeability testing on blood drop in animal models.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intestinal permeability is determined by measuring nonmetabolized sugars. In animals, intestinal permeability is determined in urine, using cumbersome and expensive metabolic cages. We developed an HPLC method for determining concentrations of lactulose (L) and L-rhamnose (R) in blood-drop of rabbits and mice, and we compared these results with the procedure based on sugars excreted in urine. We measured the intestinal permeability induced by a fragment (DeltaG) of the zonula occludens toxin which opens the paracellular pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animals received sugar solution and later received the same solution+DeltaG. Five-hour urine collection and timed blood tests were performed after ingestion of sugars. Sugars were measured with HPLC, and the percentage of recovered sugars was expressed as L/R ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 60 min after administration of sugars, the mean L/R ratio for rabbits and mice was 0.026 and 0.052, respectively. At 60 min after administration of sugars+DeltaG, the mean L/R ratio for rabbits and mice was 0.22 and 0.53. The mean L/R ratio in the urine was 0.023 at basal condition and 0.25 after DeltaG ingestion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Testing small serum samples for sugar permeability is effective for monitoring changes in permeability of the gut in animals. This cheap simple method allows us to measure in vivo the biological activity of other molecules which modulate the paracellular pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive and Development Science and IRCCS, Instituto per I'Infanzia Burlo Garofolo Clinica Pediatrica University of Trieste, Via dell'Istria 65/1, IT-34100, Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Fourogh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Katouzian
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sblattero
authors.forename: Tarcisio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Not
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tommasini
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giusto
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Meiacco
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stebel
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marzari
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fasano
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ventura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D007792:Lactulose / Q000097:blood*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D023421:Models, Animal; D010539:Permeability; D011817:Rabbits; D012210:Rhamnose / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D007792:Lactulose; D012210:Rhamnose