title: Micellar electrokinetic chromatographic and capillary zone electrophoretic methods for screening urinary biomarkers of human disorders: a critical review of the state-of-the-art.
abstract: Human urine plays a central role in clinical diagnostic being one of the most-frequently used body fluid for detection of biological markers. Samples from patients with different diseases display patterns of biomarkers that differ significantly from those obtained from healthy subjects. The availability of fast, reproducible, and easy-to-apply analytical techniques that would allow identification of a large number of these analytes is thus highly desiderable since they may provide detailed information about the progression of a pathological process. From among the variety of methods so far applied for the determination of urinary metabolites, capillary electrophoresis, both in the capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) modes, represents a robust and reliable analytical tool widely used in this area. The aim of the present article is to focus the interest of the reader on recent applications of MEKC and CZE in the field of urinary biomarkers and to discuss advantages and/or limitations of each mode.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Iadarola
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cetta
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Biochimica e Genetica, Clinica di Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luisetti
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Annovazzi
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.|Division of Rheumatology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Begona
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casado
authors.affiliation: Division of Rheumatology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baraniuk
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zanone
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biochimica "A.Castellani", Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Viglio
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine*; D002239:Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000652:urine; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine; D020374:Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006728:Hormones / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D010455:Peptides / Q000652:urine; D011166:Porphyrins / Q000652:urine; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000652:urine; D011686:Purine-Pyrimidine Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D002395:Catecholamines; D006728:Hormones; D010455:Peptides; D011166:Porphyrins