title: Preoperative chemotherapy with and without additional radiochemotherapy: benefit and risk for surgery of stage III non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Multi-modality approaches are increasingly employed to improve prognosis in surgically treated stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Risk and benefit of the preoperative therapeutic chemotherapy or combined radiochemotherapy on surgical morbidity and mortality are still a matter of debate.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1995, a national phase III trial was started to compare (arm A) preoperative chemotherapy followed by twice-daily chemoradiation and consecutive surgery, with (arm B) preoperative chemotherapy alone followed by surgery and consecutive radiotherapy. An interim analysis with 277 patients was performed to assess surgical risk and complication rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  of the 358 patients, 273 (71%) underwent thoracotomy, 130 (73%) in arm A and 143 (69%) in arm B. Of the 273 patients undergoing thoracotomy, 168 had stage IIIB disease. Complete resection (R0) was achieved in 212 patients (78%), 104 in arm A (80%) and 108 in arm B (76%) (P=n.s.). There was no difference in the proportion of complex resections between treatment arms (41% in arm A; 48% in arm B). Whilst bronchial stump insufficiency (3.8 vs 2.1%) and bleeding requiring re-thoracotomy (1.5 vs 0.7%) prevailed slightly in arm A, the occurrence of pneumonia divided similar in both treatment arms (4.6 vs 4.9%). Surgical mortality reached 6.1% in arm A (8/130) and 5.6% in arm B(6/143) (P=n.s.).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In both treatment arms, a similar percentage of patients could be forwarded to surgery, even in stage IIIB disease. Bimodality induction seems to be superior with regard to resection rates (R0) (n.s.), but was associated with a higher complication rate, especially bronchial stump insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hematology/Oncology and Respiratory Medicine, Radiation Oncology, and Biomathematics, University Hospital, Munster, Germany
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Semik
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Riesenbeck
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hoffknecht
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinecke
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Scheld
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000209:etiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D012086:Reoperation; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents