title: Effect of cavity configuration and aging on the bonding effectiveness of six adhesives to dentin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect polymerization contraction stress may have on bond durability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bonding effectiveness was assessed by micro-tensile bond strength testing (muTBS) and electron microscopy. The muTBS to flat dentin surfaces and in standardized cavities was determined (this after 1 day as well as 1 year water storage). Six adhesives representing all current classes were applied: two etch-and-rinse (OptiBond FL, Kerr; Scotchbond 1, 3M ESPE), two self-etch (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray; Adper Prompt, 3M ESPE) and two glass-ionomer (Fuji Bond LC, GC; Reactmer, Shofu) adhesives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The conventional 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesive OptiBond FL bonded most effectively to dentin, and appeared insensitive to polymerization shrinkage stress and water degradation. The 2-step self-etch adhesive Clearfil SE Bond most closely approached this superior bonding effectiveness and only slightly lost bond strength after 1-year water exposure. The 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive Scotchbond 1 and the 'strong' 1-step self-etch adhesive Adper Prompt appeared very sensitive to cavity configuration and water-aging effects. The 2-step resin-modified glass-ionomer adhesive Fuji Bond LC only suffered from shrinkage stress, but not from 1-year water-exposure. Remarkable also is the apparent repairability of the 'mild' 1-step glass-ionomer adhesive Reactmer when stored for 1 year in water, in spite of the very low 1-day muTBS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simplified bonding procedures do not necessarily imply improved bonding performance, especially in the long term.
authors.affiliation: Leuven BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Catholic University of Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Munck
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lambrechts
authors.forename: Kazuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Meerbeek
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003737:Dental Cavity Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: C489661:Adper Prompt Self-Etch; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C469607:OptiBond FL; D010755:Organophosphates; D011108:Polymers; D019279:Resin Cements; C447779:reactmer bond; D014867:Water; C084541:Fuji glass-ionomer lining cement; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C041330:Scotchbond