title: Measurement of carbon monoxide in simulated expired breath.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Environmental carbon dioxide (CO) detectors used as an early warning method have been adapted to measure CO concentration in expired breath. This technique has been validated in smokers with relatively low CO concentrations, but its applicability to poisoning has not been demonstrated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the reliability of toxicologically significant CO measurements performed using a portable CO detector with those obtained using infrared spectrometry, the standard method for blood CO concentration determination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study with a CO detector and infrared spectrometer. A balloon simulated respiratory movements and an expired breath. Balloon gas mixtures contained CO, in one of 21 different concentrations from 100 to 600 parts per million (ppm) in air. CO concentration was measured directly with the portable CO detector and two gas samples obtained at the beginning and end of the simulated expired breath were diluted, with validation, for spectrometric measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Portable CO detector concentrations were compared with the mean value of the reference method. Simple linear regression was performed using ANOVA to evaluate the parallel between the model with the reference method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Portable CO detector concentration measurements were perfectly linear (R2=0.989, P<10(-3)) over a concentration range of 46-645 ppm. The difference from the reference plot was significant (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the linearity of the measurements, the underestimation by the portable CO detector at higher concentrations can be corrected mathematically. A portable CO detector should measure CO in expired breath efficiently and reliably.
authors.affiliation: SAMU 93 EA 3409, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93009 Bobigny, France. frederic.lapostolle@avc.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lapostolle
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gourlain
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Pizagalli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Toumelin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Adnet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galliot
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lapandry
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Borron
mesh_terms: D001944:Breath Tests / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D008954:Models, Biological; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D002248:Carbon Monoxide