title: Unreliable residual volume measurement after increased water load diuresis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to examine whether increased water load intake prior to ultrasound examination of the lower urinary tract, affects the measurement of postvoid residual urine volume.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety four male patients with postvoid residual volumes after increased water load diuresis of more than 100 mL (PVR1) were included in the present study. All patients underwent a second PVR measurement by an urologist with a portable transabdominal bladder ultrasound scan without having received an increased water load (PVR2). A comparison of the measurements was performed and the PVR values were also correlated with other parameters, such as age, International Prostate Symptom Score, prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postvoid residual urine volume after increased water load diuresis (PVR1) differed from that recorded after normal bladder filling and voiding at first desire (PVR2), with the former being larger than the later in every patient (P < 0.001). The PVR values, PVR1 and PVR2, were independent to patient age, symptom score prostate volume and PSA value.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Measurement of postvoid residual volume in a relaxed patient, who voids at first desire, represents everyday life and should be the correct method of testing.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Urology, Athens Medical School, Sismanoglio Hospital, Athens, Greece. gali@hol.gr
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alivizatos
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skolarikos
authors.forename: Stephanos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Albanis
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferakis
authors.forename: Dionysios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mitropoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004231:Diuresis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D014556:Urine; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen