title: Breast cancer cells with inhibition of p38alpha have decreased MMP-9 activity and exhibit decreased bone metastasis in mice.
abstract: p38 belongs to a family of mitogen-activated protein kinases, which transfer extracellular signals into intracellular responses. p38 is also frequently detected in clinical breast cancer specimens, but its role as a prognostic factor is not known. Of the various p38 isoforms, p38alpha has been shown to mediate the in vitro invasiveness of breast cancer cells through up-regulation of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). We studied the role of p38alpha in breast cancer bone metastases, using dominant negative blockade approach. Human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer clones stably expressing dominant negative p38alpha (p38/AF) exhibited decreased basal MMP-9 activity. TGF-beta1-induced MMP-9 activity was also blunted in these clones, as compared with controls in which TGF-betal up-regulated MMP-9 activity. Consistent with these findings, SB202190, a specific p38 inhibitor, also inhibited TGF-beta1-induced MMP-9 activity in parental cells. The p38/AF clones exhibited also reduced uPA production after growth on vitronectin and decreased cell motility, as compared with controls. VEGF production levels in all the studied clones were similar. The p38/AF clone, which had similar in vitro growth rate as the control pcDNA3 clone, formed significantly less bone metastases in a mouse model, as compared with the control clone. In conclusion, inhibition of the p38alpha pathway results in decreased MMP-9 activity, impaired uPA expression and decreased motility, all of which may contribute to the decreased formation of bone metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
authors.forename: Catalina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Suarez-Cuervo
authors.forename: Melinda A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Merrell
authors.forename: Latania
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Kevin W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Eben L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: H Kalervo
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Väänänen
authors.forename: Katri S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Selander
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002465:Cell Movement; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D019096:Vitronectin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; C508961:Tgfb1 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D019096:Vitronectin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9