title: The effect of Frankel II and modified twin block appliances on the 'C'-axis: the growth vector of the dentomaxillary complex.
abstract: The recently determined 'C'-axis, the growth vector of the dentomaxillary complex, permits an evaluation of any meaningful growth changes thereto by the Frankel II and modified Twin Block functional appliances. Retardation of the velocity of change (mm/year) in length of the 'C'-axis did not occur. The angular relationship of the 'C'-axis to Sella-Nasion (theta) and to the palatal plane (alpha) were not altered in a clinically significant way. Favorable changes observed in the correction of Class II malocclusions are likely because of dentoalveolar alterations buttressed by favorable mandibular growth.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. ortho.braun@juno.com
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Nelson R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Diers
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engel
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wojtkiewicz
authors.forename: Sabin K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Ewing
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D008334:Mandible / Q000254:growth & development; D008437:Maxilla / Q000254:growth & development; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000254:growth & development; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D010159:Palate / Q000254:growth & development; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000254:growth & development