title: Does home based medication review keep older people out of hospital? The HOMER randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether home based medication review by pharmacists affects hospital readmission rates among older people.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Home based medication review after discharge from acute or community hospitals in Norfolk and Suffolk.
  
  
  METHODS
  872 patients aged over 80 recruited during an emergency admission (any cause) if returning to own home or warden controlled accommodation and taking two or more drugs daily on discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two home visits by a pharmacist within two weeks and eight weeks of discharge to educate patients and carers about their drugs, remove out of date drugs, inform general practitioners of drug reactions or interactions, and inform the local pharmacist if a compliance aid is needed. Control arm received usual care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total emergency readmissions to hospital at six months. Secondary outcomes included death and quality of life measured with the EQ-5D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By six months 178 readmissions had occurred in the control group and 234 in the intervention group (rate ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.58; P = 0.009, Poisson model). 49 deaths occurred in the intervention group compared with 63 in the control group (hazard ratio = 0.75, 0.52 to 1.10; P = 0.14). EQ-5D scores decreased (worsened) by a mean of 0.14 in the control group and 0.13 in the intervention group (difference = 0.01, -0.05 to 0.06; P = 0.84, t test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The intervention was associated with a significantly higher rate of hospital admissions and did not significantly improve quality of life or reduce deaths. Further research is needed to explain this counterintuitive finding and to identify more effective methods of medication review.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ. r.holland@uea.ac.uk
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lenaghan
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shepstone
authors.forename: Alistair
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lipp
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christou
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hand
mesh_terms: D000359:Aftercare; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004638:Emergency Treatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004739:England; D005194:Family Practice; D006699:Home Care Services; D006792:House Calls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010594:Pharmacies; D010595:Pharmacists; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D012646:Self Administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*