title: When is the helicopter faster? A comparison of helicopter and ground ambulance transport times.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A retrospective analysis of 7,854 ground ambulance and 1,075 helicopter transports was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 911-hospital arrival intervals for three transport methods were compared: ground, helicopter dispatched simultaneously with ground unit, and helicopter dispatched nonsimultaneously after ground unit response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with ground transports, simultaneously dispatched helicopter transports had significantly shorter 911-hospital arrival intervals at all distances greater than 10 miles from the hospital. Nonsimultaneously dispatched helicopter transport was significantly faster than ground at distances greater than 45 miles, and simultaneous helicopter dispatch was faster than nonsimultaneous at virtually all distances. Ground transport was significantly faster than either air transport modality at distances less than 10 miles from the hospital.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ground ambulance transport provided the shortest 911-hospital arrival interval at distances less than 10 miles from the hospital. At distances greater than 10 miles, simultaneously dispatched air transport was faster. Nonsimultaneous dispatched helicopter transport was faster than ground if greater than 45 miles from the hospital.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Mary Medical Center, Long Beach, California, USA.
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Gregory W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hendey
authors.forename: Herbert G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Bivins
mesh_terms: D017732:Air Ambulances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000552:Ambulances / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D014187:Transportation of Patients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014193:Trauma Centers