title: Public and private psychiatry: can they work together and is it worth the effort?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Partnerships in mental health care, particularly between public and private psychiatric services, are being increasingly recognized as important for optimizing patient management and the efficient organization of services. However, public sector mental health services and private psychiatrists do not always work well together and there seem to be a number of barriers to effective collaboration. This study set out to investigate the extent of collaborative 'shared care' arrangements between a public mental health service and private psychiatrists practising nearby. It also examined possible barriers to collaboration and some possible solutions to the identified problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire examining the above factors was sent to all public sector mental health clinicians and all private psychiatrists in the area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and five of the 154 (68.2%) public sector clinicians and 103 of the 194 (53.1%) private psychiatrists returned surveys. The main barriers to successful collaboration identified by members of both sectors were: 'Difficulty communicating' endorsed by 71.4% of public clinicians and 72% of private psychiatrists, 'Confusion of roles and responsibilities' endorsed by 62.9% and 66%, respectively, and 'Different treatment approach' by 47.6% and 45.6%, respectively. Over 60% of private psychiatrists identified problems with access to the public system as a barrier to successful shared care arrangements. It also emerged, as hypothesized, that the public and private systems tend to manage different patient populations and that public clinicians in particular are not fully aware of the private psychiatrists' range of expertise. This would result in fewer referrals for shared care across the sectors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A number of barriers to public sector clinicians and private psychiatrists collaborating in shared care arrangements were identified. The two groups surveyed identified similar barriers. Some of these can potentially be addressed by changes to service systems. Others require cultural shifts in both sectors. Improved communications including more opportunities for formal and informal meetings between people working in the two sectors would be likely to improve the understanding of the complementary sector's perspective and practice. Further changes would be expected to require careful work between the sectors on training, employment and practice protocols and initiatives, to allow better use of the existing services and resources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Australia. aryung@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yung
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sommerville
authors.forename: Bernie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pirkis
authors.forename: Jenni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: Amgad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaghow
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Herrman
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Trauer
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grigg
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burgess
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003144:Communication Barriers; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D003625:Data Collection; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010819:Physician's Role; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D017149:Private Sector; D011570:Psychiatry; D017150:Public Sector; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014739:Victoria