title: Influence of a continuous combined HRT (2 mg estradiol valerate and 2 mg dienogest) on postmenopausal depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was planned to investigate the effects of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with 2 mg estradiol valerate and 2 mg dienogest (Climodien/Lafamme) over 24 weeks on postmenopausal depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 129 patients with a mild to moderate depressive episode according to ICD-10: F32.0, F32.1 in the context of a postmenopausal syndrome (ICD-10: N95.1) and a baseline score in the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) > or =16 were included in the study. The primary target variable was depression severity as measured by the HAMD after 24 weeks of treatment. A four-point difference between HRT and placebo at the end of the study and, in addition, a final score < or =8 (corresponding to an improvement of > or =50% as compared to baseline) for the individual patient (responders analysis) were considered clinically relevant. Clinical global impression (CGI) of investigators (therapeutic and side-effects) at the end of the study was investigated. Secondary effects of HRT on depression severity caused by its effect on vasomotor symptoms or sleep disturbances (domino hypothesis) were taken into consideration. Also, the study addressed the question of whether the effect of HRT on depression severity depends on a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or postnatal depression (PND).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed a clear and clinically relevant reduction of depression severity under HRT after 24 weeks of treatment and superiority over placebo (p < 0.0005) in spite of a strong placebo effect. The effects of the estrogen-progestin combination thereby seemed only partially to be dependent on the improvement of vasomotor symptoms and sleep disturbances. Also, the effects of HRT could not be shown to be dependent on a history of PMS and/or PND, even though women with and without this history clearly differed in baseline depression scores (p < 0.0001). The assessment of CGI was positive: whereas HRT was clearly superior to placebo with regard to therapeutic effects (p = 0.0014), there were no differences with regard to side-effects (p = 0.35).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of 2 mg estradiol valerate and 2 mg dienogest can be regarded as an effective and safe treatment option for women with mild to moderate depression in the context of postmenopausal syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Jenapharm GmbH & Co. KG, Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palombo-Kinne
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mellinger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Breitbarth
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gräser
mesh_terms: D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D017698:Postmenopause; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C023635:dienogest; D004958:Estradiol; D009277:Nandrolone