title: Potentially inappropriate medication use by elderly persons in U.S. Health Maintenance Organizations, 2000-2001.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine rates of potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly persons in managed care plans in the United States in 2000-2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study using automated medication-dispensing data.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten geographically distributed health maintenance organizations (HMOs).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred fifty-seven thousand five hundred seventeen members aged 65 years and older enrolled in one of the HMOs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of use of 33 potentially inappropriate medications from January 1, 2000 through June 30, 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 2000-2001, 28.8% (95% confidence interval=28.6-29.1) of elderly individuals received at least one of 33 potentially inappropriate medications. This rate ranged from 23.0% to 36.5% across the 10 HMOs. Approximately 5% of elderly patients received at least one of the 11 medications classified by an expert panel as "always avoid," 13% received at least one of the eight medications that would rarely be considered appropriate, and 17% received at least one of the 14 medications that have some indications but are often misused. Overall, rates of use of these medications were greater in women (32.4%) than in men (24.2%). At least 1% of elderly members received belladonna alkaloids (2.3%), dicyclomine (1.1%), or hyoscyamine (1.2%), each of which multiple expert panels have classified as always inappropriate in patients aged 65 years and older. Seven percent of elderly members received propoxyphene, an analgesic medication considered rarely appropriate in the elderly and a drug that has a long history of limited efficacy and potential for toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent rates of potentially inappropriate medication use by elderly HMO members were at least as great as in a 1996 national sample. This study highlights the need to understand more fully the rationale behind the continued use of these medications.
authors.affiliation: HMO Research Network, Center for Education and Research on Therapeutics, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. steven_simon@hms.harvard.edu <steven_simon@hms.harvard.edu>
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: K Arnold
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Soumerai
authors.forename: Anita K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Adrianne C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Feldstein
authors.forename: Jennifer Elston
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lafata
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Jerry H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gurwitz
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000075202:Contraindications; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008508:Medication Errors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D019338:Polypharmacy; D015995:Prevalence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations