title: A comprehensive electrographic and behavioral analysis of generalized tonic-clonic seizures of GEPR-9s.
abstract: This study records noise-free intracerebral EEG of the genetically epilepsy prone rat (GEPR-9), along with behavioral correlates, during a seizure on unanesthetized freely behaving unrestrained animals. The GEPR-9 exhibits acoustically triggered generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and often times the EEG, recorded with conventional techniques, has resulted in data with imbedded movement artifact. For noise-free video-EEG recordings, we used a previously developed system that consists of a head connector with a FET preamplifier and battery, signal conditioning device (5000x gain, 1 Hz-100 Hz filters), A/D converter and video/PC-PC/video computer boards for recording image data. Each animal was implanted with three monopolar/referential electrodes chosen among the following areas: cortex, inferior colliculus, reticular formation and caudal medulla. The video-EEG data were quite similar for all recorded animals: (1) basal desynchronized EEG before sound stimulus; (2) increase in EEG frequency after stimulus and before seizure onset; (3) high-amplitude polyspikes during massive myoclonic thrusts with or without a very fast running episode; (4) an electrodecremental response during tonic extension; (5) wave and spike complex during forelimb and hindlimb tonic rigidity and posttonic clonus; (6) low-amplitude EEG during postictal depression. Time sequenced spectral analysis also highlights the epileptiform EEG pattern during seizure with high reproducibility between animals. While testing seizure naive GEPR-9s, there was a clear evolution from modest epileptiform EEG activity on the first acoustic stimulation to progressively higher amplitude, duration and frequency epileptiform EEG activity throughout seizure repetition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Therapeutic Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, USA.
authors.forename: M F D
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chavali
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Jobe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Garcia-Cairasco
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004566:Electrodes; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects / Q000379:methods*; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D007839:Functional Laterality; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002220:Carbamazepine