title: Metastasis of primary gallbladder carcinoma in lymph node and liver.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the patterns with metastasis of gallbladder carcinoma in lymph nodes and liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 45 patients who had radical surgery were selected. The patterns with metastasis of primary gallbladder carcinoma in lymph nodes and liver were examined histopathologically and classified as TNM staging of the American Joint Committee on Cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 45 patients, 29 (64.4%) had a lymph node positive disease and 20 (44.4%) had a direct invasion of the liver. The frequency of involvement of lymph nodes was strongly influenced by the depth of the primary tumor (P = 0.0001). The postoperative survival rate of patients with negative lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that of patients with positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004), but the postoperative survival rate of patients with N1 lymph node metastasis was not significantly different from that of patients with N2 lymph node metastasis (P = 0.3874). The postoperative survival rate of patients without hepatic invasion was significantly better than that of patients with hepatic invasion (P = 0.0177).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete resection of the regional lymph nodes is important in advanced primary gallbladder carcinoma (PGC). The initial sites of liver spread are located mostly in segments IV and V. It is necessary to achieve negative surgical margins 2 cm from the tumor. In patients with hepatic hilum invasion, extended right hepatectomy with or without bile duct resection or portal vein resection is necessary for curative resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang Province, China. zjulgj@163.com
authors.forename: Han-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Gui-Jie
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jian-Ying
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging