title: Attributable risk of injury associated with alcohol use: cross-national data from the emergency room collaborative alcohol analysis project.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine gender- and age-specific attributable risks of all-cause and violence-related injuries associated with alcohol use.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used meta-analytic techniques to estimate attributable risks observed in emergency room studies conducted in 7 countries (n=17708).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the case of both alcohol consumption before the injury event and individual drinking patterns, pooled attributable risk effect sizes for all-cause injuries were significant but minimal (2% to 6%). Effect sizes for violence-related injuries were 43% for drinking before an injury event and 27% for individual drinking pattern. Risks were greater for men, but no age-specific differences were found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This meta-analysis showed that attributable risk of injury is greater for drinking before the injury event than for drinking pattern; in addition, risks were more pronounced for violence-related injuries. Differences in risk were explained by variables related to sociocultural contexts.
authors.affiliation: Alcohol Research Group, 2000 Hearst Ave, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA. ccherpitel@arg.org
authors.forename: Cheryl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cherpitel
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bond
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology