title: Effects of inhaled carbon monoxide on acute lung injury in mice.
abstract: Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit, but despite continuing research few effective therapies have been identified. In recent years, inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) has been reported to have cytoprotective effects in several animal models of tissue injury. We therefore evaluated the effects of inhaled CO in three different in vivo mouse models of ALI. Anesthetized C57BL/6 mice were ventilated with oxygen in the presence or absence of CO (500 parts per million) for 1 h before lung injury was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or oleic acid (OA) administration. Ventilation was then continued with the same gases for a further 2-3 h, with hemodynamic and respiratory parameters monitored throughout. Intratracheal LPS administration induced lung injury with alveolar inflammation (increased lavage fluid neutrophils, total protein, and cytokines). In contrast, intravenous LPS induced a predominantly vascular lung injury, with increased plasma TNF and increased neutrophil activation (surface Mac-1 upregulation and L-selectin shedding) and sequestration within the pulmonary vasculature. Intravenous OA produced deteriorations in lung function, reflected by changes in respiratory mechanics and blood gases and lavage fluid neutrophil accumulation. However, addition of CO to the inspired gas did not produce significant changes in the measured physiological or immunological parameters in the mouse models used in this study. Thus the results do not support the hypothesis that use of inhaled CO is beneficial in the treatment of ALI and ARDS.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anaesthetics and Intensive Care, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Rd., London SW10 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Subhamay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.forename: Boglarka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falusi
authors.forename: Nandor
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marczin
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takata
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology; D019301:Oleic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019041:L-Selectin; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D010100:Oxygen