title: Echo time optimization for linear combination myelin imaging.
abstract: A 3-echo linear combination myelin imaging method is presented. The echo times and weights are chosen such that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of myelin-water is maximized, and signals from other white matter components are sufficiently suppressed. Interfering tissue water and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signals are much stronger than myelin due to their longer T2 and abundance. By carefully optimizing the echo times a 50-fold tissue water suppression is achieved along with a 10-fold CSF suppression. For comparison 4, 5, and 32 echo filters are also designed using the same method. The SNR efficiency of these filters is very similar. The 3-echo filter design was validated by phantom scans. In addition, multislice in vivo myelin images were acquired from both a healthy volunteer and a multiple sclerosis patient. Total scan time was 5 min. A uniform T2 filter is also designed to pass all white matter species with uniform gain. The myelin-water fraction of the in vivo 3-echo data set is then measured by dividing the myelin image by the uniformly filtered image. Obtained myelin-water fractions compare well with previous work.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-9510, USA. logi@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Logi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vidarsson
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Conolly
authors.forename: Kelvin O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Garry E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pauly
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016014:Linear Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000378:metabolism*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D013113:Spin Labels