title: Roles of forkhead transcription factor Foxc2 (MFH-1) and endothelin receptor A in cardiovascular morphogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Foxc2/MFH-1 is a member of the forkhead family of transcription factors and Foxc2-deficient mice exhibit aortic arch anomalies (type B interruption of the aortic arch). Endothelin receptor type-A (ETA) is one of the two known endothelin receptors that belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor family. ETA-deficient mice show defects in the great arteries, primarily type B interruption of the aortic arch. Based on similar phenotypes in the cardiovascular system of Foxc2- and ETA-deficient mice, we investigated whether Foxc2 and ETA have a close relationship in aortic arch patterning.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Foxc2 and ETA homozygotes were obtained by crossing the Foxc2 and ETA heterozygotes, respectively. The double Foxc2/ETA homozygotes were obtained by crossing the double Foxc2/ETA heterozygotes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We investigated the expression of ETA in Foxc2-null mice and the expression of Foxc2 in ETA-null mice and found that the absence of either Foxc2 or ETA had no effect on the expression of the other. Next, we analyzed mice lacking both Foxc2 and ETA to examine the relationship between Foxc2 and ETA on aortic arch patterning in vivo. We found that the majority of Foxc2/ETA double-mutant embryos died around 11.5 dpc and that all surviving mice had persistent truncus arteriosus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that Foxc2- and ETA-expressing cells additively form the aorticopulmonary septum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Akita University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kanzaki-Kato
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Abhishek
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itakura
authors.forename: Tadayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uezato
authors.forename: Toshinobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Clouthier
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology*; D019521:Body Patterning / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000235:genetics; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D005838:Genotype; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014339:Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D044022:Receptor, Endothelin A; D014157:Transcription Factors; C082078:mesenchyme fork head 1 protein