title: Calcium-sensing receptor activation induces nitric oxide production in H-500 Leydig cancer cells.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile second messenger. NO is produced by Leydig cells, where NO is a negative regulator of steroidogenesis. In cancer cells, NO is thought to have mutagenic and proliferative effects. We have previously shown that the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) has promalignant effects in rat H-500 Leydig cancer cells, a model for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Calcium, the major physiological ligand of the CaR, is a recognized intracellular cofactor in the process of NO production by virtue of its positive modulation of neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), but importantly, not of inducible (i) NOS activity. iNOS activity is regulated by changes in its expression level. Therefore, we investigated whether CaR activation changes iNOS expression. We found that high extracellular calcium (Cao2+) upregulates the level of mRNA for iNOS, whereas no change was seen in neuronal or endothelial NOS, as assessed by microarray and real-time PCR, respectively. The high Cao2+-induced iNOS upregulation was also detected by Northern and Western blotting. By quantitative real-time PCR, we showed that calcium maximally upregulates iNOS at 18 h. The effect of calcium was abolished by overexpression of a dominant-negative CaR (R185Q), confirming that the effect of Cao2+ was mediated by the CaR. Cells treated with high calcium had higher NO production than those treated with low calcium, as detected with the NO-specific DAF2-AM dye. This was confirmed in single-cell fluorescence determinations using confocal microscopy. In conclusion, high calcium upregulates the levels of iNOS mRNA and protein as well as NO production in H-500 cells, and the effect of Cao2+ on iNOS expression is mediated by the CaR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine and Membrane Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. tfelt@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tfelt-Hansen
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Deephti
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanuparthi
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Romero
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Naibedya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chattopadhyay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D007984:Leydig Cell Tumor / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044169:Receptors, Calcium-Sensing; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D002118:Calcium