title: Sp1-associated activation of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 promoter by CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide and lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) is a C-X-C chemokine that is important in recruiting neutrophils to inflammatory sites. Our previous reports demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or CpG-oligode-oxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) rapidly induce MIP-2 gene expression in the macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Here, we show that the DNA sequence of the MIP-2 promoter between -114 and +14 is sufficient for strong promoter activity in LPS- or CpG-ODN-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Importantly, comprehensive mutant analysis reveals that an Sp1 element in the promoter region between -114 and -94 is essential for synergistic MIP-2 promoter activation by NF-kappaB and c-Jun regardless of the presence of an AP-1 site. By combining deletion or site-specific mutant analysis with immunocomplex assays, we also confirmed that Sp1 mediates the recruitment of transcription factors NF- kappaB and c-Jun in LPS- or CpG-ODN-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Several lines of experimental evidence imply that the Sp1-binding element is an important determinant of MIP-2 promoter activity, and that NF-kappaB, c-Jun and Sp1 can functionally cooperate to elicit maximal activation of the promoter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea.
authors.forename: K-W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: D-S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; C404915:Cxcl2 protein, mouse; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D016329:Sp1 Transcription Factor