title: Compact size and mechanical strength of pharmaceutical diluents.
abstract: The effects of compact size and powder particle size on the axial compressive (sigma(C)) and diametral tensile (sigma(T)) strength were evaluated, for three compressed pharmaceutical diluents (microcrystalline cellulose, MCC, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, CHPD, and pregelatinized starch, PGS) differing in deformational behaviour during compaction and testing. Cylindrical specimens of similar aspect ratio ( approximately 1) but different diameter (13, 10 and 5mm) and total porosity (0.35-0.05) were employed and the extrapolated and interpolated strength values, at zero and 0.15 porosity (sigma(C0) or sigma(T0) and sigma(C0.15) or sigma(T0.15)), were predicted by applying an exponential relation. The ratio of sigma(C0.15)/sigma(T0.15) was correlated to the corresponding percent radial elastic recovery (%RR). It was found that the changes of compressive and tensile strength with compact size were not characteristic and general. Specimen's size affected both extrapolated and interpolated values of sigma(C) and sigma(T) most significantly in the case of MCC, for which sigma(T) increased while sigma(C) decreased, as the compact size became smaller. Less significant was the effect of compact size on the interpolated value of compressive strength (sigma(C)) and the extrapolated value of tensile strength (sigma(T)) for PGS. For CHPD, no significant and characteristic effect of compact size was observed. Particle size significantly affected the interpolated values of sigma(T) for MCC and both sigma(C) and sigma(T) for CHPD; they all increased with decreasing particle size. The sigma(C0.15)/sigma(T0.15) ratio was affected significantly by the compact size only in the case of MCC and seems to be an indication of material elasto-plasticity, since PGS has by far the highest ratio, followed by MCC and CHPD. A correlation between sigma(C0.15)/sigma(T0.15) and %RR was established as was its dependence upon deformational behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. kgk@pharm.auth.gr
authors.forename: Kyriakos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kachrimanis
authors.forename: Stavros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Malamataris
mesh_terms: D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D002482:Cellulose / Q000032:analysis; D004548:Elasticity; D005780:Gelatin; D019563:Mechanics; D010316:Particle Size; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D011208:Powders / Q000737:chemistry*; D013213:Starch / Q000032:analysis; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011208:Powders; D005780:Gelatin; D002482:Cellulose; D013213:Starch; C494366:calcium phosphate, dibasic, dihydrate; C109691:microcrystalline cellulose