title: Periadolescent rats (P41-50) exhibit increased susceptibility to D-methamphetamine-induced long-term spatial and sequential learning deficits compared to juvenile (P21-30 or P31-40) or adult rats (P51-60).
abstract: We have previously shown that P11-20 treatment with d-methamphetamine (MA) induces impaired spatial navigation in the Morris water maze (MWM), whereas P1-10 treatment does not. Little is known about the long-term behavioral consequences of MA during juvenile, adolescent, and early adult brain development. In dose-response experiments, we tested successive 10-day intervals of exposure to MA in rats (P21-30, P31-40, P41-50, and P51-60; four doses per day). MA dosing prior to P21 produces little or no toxicity; however, we observed an increased toxicity with advancing age. Across-age comparisons revealed no MWM acquisition or Cincinnati water maze (CWM) effects after MA treatment on P21-30 (2.5-10 mg/kg/dose), P31-40 (1.25-7.5 mg/kg/dose), or P51-60 (1.25-5.0 mg/kg/dose); however, significantly impaired MWM acquisition was observed after P41-50 MA treatment at the highest dose (6.25 mg/kg/dose). Learning in the CWM was also impaired in this group. No effects were seen at 1.25, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg/dose following P41-50 MA treatment. MWM reversal learning trials after P41-50 treatment showed a trend towards longer latency in all MA dose groups, but no effect on double-reversal trials. Reversal and double-reversal also showed no effects at the other exposure ages. No differences in straight channel swimming or cued learning in the MWM were seen after MA treatment at any exposure age. P41-50 is the periadolescent stage of brain development in rodents. The effects observed at this age may suggest a previously unrecognized period of susceptibility for MA-induced cognitive deficits.
authors.affiliation: Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. charles.vorhees@cchmc.org
authors.forename: Charles V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Vorhees
authors.forename: Tracy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: LaRonda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Morford
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumura
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Carrie A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Skelton
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: McCrea
authors.forename: Stephanie L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Rock
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000633:toxicity*; D003913:Dextroamphetamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D009026:Mortality; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012737:Sex Factors; D013037:Spatial Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003913:Dextroamphetamine