title: Automatic real-time surveillance of eye position and gating for stereotactic radiotherapy of uveal melanoma.
abstract: A new prototype (hardware and software) for monitoring eye movements using a noninvasive technique for gated linac-based stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of uveal melanoma was developed. The prototype was tested within the scope of a study for 11 patients. Eye immobilization was achieved by having the patient fixate a light source integrated into the system. The system is used in conjunction with a Head&Neck mask system for immobilization, and uses infrared tracking technology for positioning (both BrainLAB AG Heimstetten/Germany). It was used during CT and MR image acquisition as well as during all of five treatment fractions (6 MeV, 5 x 12 Gy to 80% isodose) to guarantee identical patient setup and eye rotational state during treatment planning and treatment delivery. Maximum temporal and angular deviations tolerated during treatment delivery can be chosen by the physician, the radiation then being interrupted automatically and instantaneously if those criteria are being exceeded during irradiation. A graphical user interface displays life video images of the treated eye and information about the current and previous rotational deviation of the eye from its reference treatment position. The physician thus has online access to data directly linked to the success of the treatment and possible side effects. Mean angular deviations during CT/MR scans and treatment deliveries ranged from 1.61 degrees to 3.64 degrees (standard deviations 0.87 degrees to 2.09 degrees ) which is in accordance with precision requirements for SRT. Typical situations when preset deviation criteria were exceeded are slow drifts (fatigue), sudden large eye movements (irritation), or if patients closed their eyes (fatigue). In these cases radiation was reliably interrupted by the gating system. In our clinical setup the novel system for computer-controlled eye movement gated treatments was well tolerated by all patients. The system yields quantitative real-time information about the eye's rotational state with respect to a reference position (treatment planning situation). Together with the possibility of performing movement-gated treatments of uveal melanoma, the system thus greatly improves the quality of this treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy and Radiobiology, Medical University Vienna, Wahringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Petersch
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bogner
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dieckmann
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pötter
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Georg
mesh_terms: D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D011881:Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014604:Uveal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods