title: Ischemic preconditioning in deceased donor liver transplantation: a prospective randomized clinical trial of safety and efficacy.
abstract: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has the potential to decrease graft injury and morbidity after liver transplantation. We prospectively investigated the safety and efficacy of 5 minutes of IPC induced by hilar clamping in local deceased donor livers randomized 1:1 to standard (STD) recovery (N = 28) or IPC (N = 34). Safety was assessed by measurement of heart rate, blood pressure, and visual inspection of abdominal organs during recovery, and efficacy by recipient aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT], both measured in U/L), total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio of prothrombin time (INR) after transplantation. IPC performed soon after laparotomy did not cause hemodynamic instability or visceral congestion. Recipient median AST, median ALT, and mean INR, in STD vs. IPC were as follows: day 1 AST 696 vs. 841 U/L; day 3 AST 183 vs. 183 U/L; day 1 ALT 444 vs. 764 U/L; day 3 ALT 421 vs. 463 U/L; day 1 INR 1.7 +/- .4 vs. 2.0 +/- .8; and day 3 INR 1.3 +/- .2 vs. 1.4 +/- .3; all P > .05. No instances of nonfunction occurred. The 6-month graft and patient survival STD vs. IPC were 82 vs. 91% and median hospital stay was 10 vs. 8 days; both P > .05. In conclusion, deceased donor livers tolerated 5 minutes of hilar clamping well, but IPC did not decrease graft injury. Further trials with longer periods of preconditioning such as 10 minutes are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA. koneruba@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Baburao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Koneru
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skurnick
authors.forename: Dorian J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Andrew N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: de la Torre
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Samanta
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D007902:Length of Stay; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting
chemical_list: D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase