title: Black fly involvement in the epidemic transmission of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (Rhabdoviridae: Vesiculovirus).
abstract: The transmission routes of Vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV), a causative agent of vesicular stomatitis, an Office International des Epizooties List-A disease, are not completely understood. Epidemiological and entomological studies conducted during the sporadic epidemics in the western United States have identified potential virus transmission routes involving insect vectors and animal-to-animal contact. In the present study we experimentally tested the previously proposed transmission routes which were primarily based on field observations. Results obtained provide strong evidence for the following: (1) hematophagous insects acquire VSNJV by unconventional routes while blood feeding on livestock, (2) clinical course of VSNJV infection in livestock following transmission by an infected insect is related to insect bite site, (3) infection of livestock via insect bite can result in multiple transmission possibilities, including animal-to-animal contact. Taken together, these data significantly add to our understanding of the transmission routes of a causative agent of one of the oldest known infectious diseases of livestock, for which the details have remained largely unknown despite decades of research.
authors.affiliation: Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. dmead@vet.uga.edu
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Mead
authors.forename: Elizabeth W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Howerth
authors.forename: Molly D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Elmer W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noblet
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Stallknecht
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D018562:Disease Transmission, Infectious / Q000662:veterinary; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000821:virology*; D018353:Rhabdoviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D012843:Simuliidae / Q000821:virology*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D018116:Vesiculovirus / Q000502:physiology*; D014766:Viremia / Q000662:veterinary