title: The neuro-ophthalmology of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological disease in young people. Most CNS lesions involve neuroanatomically non-eloquent zones that often do not result in symptomatic complaints. By contrast, tissue-injury mechanisms involving inflammatory demyelination can involve more eloquent sites, such as the optic nerve and brainstem, which can correspondingly produce the development of well recognised syndromes such as optic neuritis and internuclear ophthalmoplegia, respectively. In this review we discuss the broad landscape of abnormalities that affect the afferent visual system and the ocular motor apparatus, and emphasise relevant features, the recognition and treatment of which are of importance to general neurological practice. The commonness of visual sensory and eye movement abnormalities in MS highlights the importance of understanding the principles addressed in this review.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75235, USA. elliot.frohman@utsouthwestern.edu <elliot.frohman@utsouthwestern.edu>
authors.forename: Elliot M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Frohman
authors.forename: Teresa C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Frohman
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Zee
authors.forename: Roderick
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McColl
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galetta
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy