title: Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from treatment failure patients living in East Timor.
abstract: METHODS
  In the first 2 years of the East Timor National TB Control Programme, 7960 new patients were treated (2RHZE/6HE) and 224 received a retreatment regimen (2SRHZE/1RHZE/4R3H3Z3E3).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the nature and extent of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in treatment failure cases in East Timor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sputum specimens from retreatment failure cases were processed and inoculated into a BACTEC MGIT960 tube and onto Löwenstein-Jensen media. Isolates were identified by Ziehl-Neelsen staining, hybridisation with nucleic acid probes and biochemical investigations. Susceptibility testing was performed using the radiometric proportion method. Pyrazinamide testing was performed using the Wayne indirect method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients failed retreatment (0.7% of new cases) and 14 were available for analysis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from all specimens, despite considerable transport delays. Nine (64.3%) had multiple drug resistance (MDR-TB) and four (28.6%) had other drug resistance. All MDR-TB isolates were susceptible to amikacin, capreomycin and ethionamide, with most also susceptible to ciprofloxacin and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An excellent TB control programme has been established in East Timor. If funds are available, East Timor provides an ideal setting for a small-scale DOTS-Plus programme to treat prevalent cases of MDR-TB, and this study could inform the second-line drug regimen.
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. paulk@menzies.edu.au
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lumb
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: da Costa
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sarmento
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bastian
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D049648:Timor-Leste; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000382:microbiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents