title: Nanoelectrodes integrated in atomic force microscopy cantilevers for imaging of in situ enzyme activity.
abstract: For investigation of laterally resolved information on biological activity, techniques for simultaneously obtaining complementary information correlated in time and space are required. In this context, recent developments in scanning probe microscopy are aimed at information on the sample topography and simultaneously on the physical and chemical properties at the nanometer scale. With the integration of submicro- and nanoelectrodes into atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes using microfabrication techniques, an elegant approach combining scanning electrochemical microscopy with AFM is demonstrated. This instrumentation enables simultaneous imaging of topography and obtainment of laterally resolved electrochemical information in AFM tapping mode. Hence, topographical and electrochemical information on soft surfaces (e.g., biological species) and polymers can be obtained. The functionality of tip-integrated electrodes is demonstrated by simultaneous electrochemical and topographical studies of an enzyme-modified micropattern.
authors.affiliation: School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kueng
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kranz
authors.forename: Alois
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lugstein
authors.forename: Emmerich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertagnolli
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mizaikoff
mesh_terms: D004798:Enzymes / Q000032:analysis*; D006046:Gold; D008839:Microelectrodes; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force / Q000295:instrumentation*; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D017655:Silicon Compounds
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D017655:Silicon Compounds; D006046:Gold; C032734:silicon nitride