title: Incorporation of low molecular weight biocides into polystyrene-divinyl benzene beads with controlled release characteristics.
abstract: Triclosan and phosphonium salt biocides have been separately incorporated into polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) beads by suspension polymerization. Ultraviolet (UV) absorption measurements have been used to monitor the release of these low molecular weight biocides out of the PS-DVB beads immersed in water-ethanol mixtures and in physiological saline. The release of the biocide agents is strongly dependent on either the DVB or/and the antimicrobial composition ratio in the beads. An increase of biocide incorporation in the PS/DVB beads was accompanied by a corresponding enhancement of its concentration in liquid mixtures. On the contrary, higher cross-linking densities hindered the biocide migration out of the beads by diminishing its release rate into either the aqueous ethanol solutions or the natural serum. Moreover, Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectra and Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared (ATR-FTIR) measurements of the PS-DVB-Triclosan and PS-DVB-phosphonium salt beads, before and after their immersion in water-ethanol solutions, gave a similar qualitative evidence of the biocide release.
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes (ICE/HT), P.O. Box 1414, GR-265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Iconomopoulou
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Andreopoulou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Kallitsis
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Voyiatzis
mesh_terms: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008863:Microspheres; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011137:Polystyrenes / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014260:Triclosan / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D011137:Polystyrenes; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C113117:tributylmethyl phosphonium chloride; D014260:Triclosan; C004985:divinyl benzene