title: Racial inequities in the timing of breast cancer detection, diagnosis, and initiation of treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies suggest differences in quality and timeliness of care received may be major contributing sources to the racial disparity in breast cancer detection and related outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female patients with breast cancer diagnosed during 1985-1993 (n=400) and followed through June 20, 2001, were included in this retrospective cohort study. Three white patients were selected randomly and matched to each black patient by year of diagnosis. Method and timing of diagnosis and timing of treatment were abstracted from medical records. Initial staging and subsequent breast cancer recurrence and vital status were obtained from the Hospital and Connecticut State Tumor Registry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Black women were more likely than white women to be diagnosed after a patient-noted abnormality. Black women were less likely than white women to have completed a diagnostic evaluation within 30 days after a patient-noted abnormality (P <0.01) or after having an abnormality noted on screening mammogram (P=0.0001) and were less likely to have initiated treatment within 30 days of diagnosis (P=0.0001). Women diagnosed after a patient-noted abnormality were more likely to have subsequent breast cancer recurrence and/or death due to breast cancer compared with women diagnosed after a screening mammogram (56% versus 24%, respectively, P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Racial differences were identified at each step in the evaluation and treatment clinical pathway, including method of detection, timing from first symptoms of cancer to pathologic diagnosis, and timing from diagnosis to initiation of treatment. The findings highlight the need to provide equal opportunity for timely medical care and treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98104-2499, USA. jelmore@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Joann G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Elmore
authors.forename: Connie Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Hannah M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Linden
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Reisch
authors.forename: John Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ayanian
authors.forename: Eric B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007341:Insurance; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data