title: Adverse associations between CX3CR1 polymorphisms and risk of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the role of monocyte-recruiting chemokines in cerebrovascular diseases among the subjects of the GENIC case-control study of brain infarction (BI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the genotypes tested, only homozygosity for the rare CX3CR1 alleles was more frequent in cases than in controls: the I249 and M280 alleles were associated with an increased risk of BI (OR, 1.66 and OR, 2.62 with P<0.05, respectively). This effect was independent of other established risk factors and uncorrelated with disease severity. The study confirmed previous reports of a dominant protective association between CX3CR1-I249 allele and the risk of cardiovascular history. The risk of BI associated with homozygosity for the rare CX3CR1 alleles was enhanced in patients with no previous cardiovascular events. Ex vivo studies showed that the number of monocytes adhering to immobilized CX3CL1, the CX3CR1 ligand, increased proportionally to the number of CX3CR1 mutated alleles carried by the individual.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rare CX3CR1 alleles were associated with an increased risk of BI and with reduced frequency of cardiovascular history. We propose that the extra adhesion of monocytes observed in individuals carrying rare alleles of CX3CR1 may favor mechanisms leading to stroke.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Immunologie Cellulaire, INSERM U543, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Elise
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lavergne
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Labreuche
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daoudi
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Debré
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cambien
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Deterre
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amarenco
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Combadière
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000073883:CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; C095235:CX3CR1 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine