title: Mepivacaine local anaesthetic duration in equine palmar digital nerve blocks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Perineural analgesics are used for lameness diagnosis but the duration of effect, knowledge of which would provide valuable information when performing subsequent blocks, is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the duration of a palmar digital nerve block using force plate measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten horses diagnosed with unilateral navicular syndrome were trotted at range of 3 +/- 0.15 m/sec over a force plate to record ground reaction forces for 5 trials of each forelimb. Data were recorded before nerve block, and then at 15 mins, 1, 2 and 24 h post nerve block.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before nerve block, peak vertical force (mean +/- s.e.) was significantly higher in the contralateral forelimb (CL = 5345 +/- 188 N) than in the lame forelimb (L = 4256 +/- 204 N; P<0.05). At 15 mins post nerve block there was no significant difference between the 2 forelimbs (CL = 5140 +/- 184 N; L = 5126 +/- 129 N), and this remained the case for 1 h. By 2 h, the mean score for the lame leg had decreased (L = 4642 +/- 182 N) but was still greater than preblock. By 24 h, vertical forces had returned to preblock values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The palmar digital nerve block was fully effective between 15 mins and 1 h. The analgesic effect began to subside between 1 and 2 h but sufficient analgesia persisted to affect gait characteristics beyond 2 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When using a palmar digital nerve block, it is important to perform lameness evaluations between 15 mins and 1 h to be sure of effective nerve blockade.
authors.affiliation: Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Bidwell
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cordier
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Mullineaux
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Clayton
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D005684:Gait / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D007596:Joints / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008619:Mepivacaine