title: Quality Use of Medicines activities in New Zealand hospitals from 2000 to 2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review current activities promoting Quality Use of Medicines (QUM) in New Zealand hospitals in 2000-2002, and to identify attitudes to possible centralisation of activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of 30 New Zealand public hospitals. Respondents were chief pharmacists in all hospitals employing at least one pharmacist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-nine hospitals (96.7%) responded; 3 were linked to a tertiary hospital for QUM activities. From the 26 independent hospitals, 64 Drug Utilisation Reviews (DURs) and 63 hospital-wide campaigns were reported, and 103 medicines information bulletins produced. Nineteen (63.3%) hospitals had their own hospital formulary. Twenty-four percent of respondents reported they would use centrally-developed guidelines only if in total agreement with their own. All hospitals reported disseminating drug expenditure information; feedback comments were predominantly from financial and nursing managers. All hospitals reported providing some form of drug information service (DI) and two-thirds a drug utilisation service (DU); 70% of total dedicated staff-time to these services was in tertiary hospitals. An increase in staff-time (fulltime-equivalent staff/100 beds) for clinical pharmacists, and DU+DI pharmacists, was associated with an increase in the number of DURs undertaken (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A range of activities to promote QUM were undertaken in New Zealand hospitals, with greater activity in tertiary and secondary hospitals. Respondents reported some resistance to centrally-developed guidelines. Promotion of QUM may be assisted by an increase in clinical pharmacy resources.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin. june.tordoff@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
authors.forename: June M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tordoff
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reith
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016527:Drug Costs; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards*; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D005572:Formularies, Hospital as Topic / Q000592:standards; D009520:New Zealand; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards*; D017751:Safety Management; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires