title: Prostaglandin D2 induces programmed cell death in Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream form.
abstract: African trypanosomes produce some prostanoids, especially PGD2, PGE2 and PGF2alpha (Kubata et al. 2000, J. Exp. Med. 192: 1327-1338), probably to interfere with the host's physiological response. However, addition of prostaglandin D2 (but not PGE2 or PGF2alpha) to cultured bloodstream form trypanosomes led also to a significant inhibition of cell growth. Based on morphological alterations and specific staining methods using vital dyes, necrosis and autophagy were excluded. Here, we report that in bloodstream form trypanosomes PGD2 induces an apoptosis-like programmed cell death, which includes maintenance of plasma membrane integrity, phosphatidylserine exposure, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, nuclear chromatin condensation and DNA degradation. The use of caspase inhibitors cannot prevent the cell death, indicating that the process is caspase-independent. Based on these results, we suggest that PGD2-induced programmed cell death is part of the population density regulation as observed in infected animals.
authors.affiliation: Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, Universität Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Figarella
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rawer
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Uzcategui
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Kubata
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lauber
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Madeo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wesselborg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duszenko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001343:Autophagy / Q000187:drug effects; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; D003513:Cycloheximide; D015230:Prostaglandin D2