Dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter case-control study in Japan.
To evaluate the role of dietary factors in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we conducted a multicenter hospital-based case-control study in a Japanese population. Cases were IBD patients aged 15 to 34 years [ulcerative colitis (UC) 111 patients; Crohn's disease (CD) 128 patients] within 3 years after diagnosis in 13 hospitals. One control subject was recruited for each case who was matched for sex, age, and hospital. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate preillness intakes of food groups and nutrients. All the available control subjects (n = 219) were pooled, and unconditional logistic models were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs). In the food groups, a higher consumption of sweets was positively associated with UC risk [OR for the highest versus lowest quartile, 2.86; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24 to 6.57], whereas the consumption of sugars and sweeteners (OR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.08 to 4.17), sweets (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.38 to 5.83), fats and oils (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.29 to 5.39), and fish and shellfish (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.18-4.89) were positively associated with CD risk. In respect to nutrients, the intake of vitamin C (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.99) was negatively related to UC risk, while the intake of total fat (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.90), monounsaturated fatty acids (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.23 to 5.03) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.12 to 4.79), vitamin E (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.45 to 7.17), and n-3 (OR, 3.24; 95% CI, 1.52 to 6.88) and n-6 fatty acids (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.24 to 5.32) was positively associated with CD risk. Although this study suffers from the shortcoming of recall bias, which is inherent in most retrospective studies (prospective studies are warranted to confirm the associations between diet and IBD risk), the present findings suggest the importance of dietary factors for IBD prevention.
Sakamoto
Naomasa
N
Department of Hygiene, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan. naomasas@hyo-med.ac.jp
Kono
Suminori
S
Wakai
Kenji
K
Fukuda
Yoshihiro
Y
Satomi
Masamichi
M
Shimoyama
Takashi
T
Inaba
Yutaka
Y
Miyake
Yoshihiro
Y
Sasaki
Satoshi
S
Okamoto
Kazushi
K
Kobashi
Gen
G
Washio
Masakazu
M
Yokoyama
Tetsuji
T
Date
Chigusa
C
Tanaka
Heizo
H
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D017747:Seafood
D004041:Dietary Fats; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D001205:Ascorbic Acid