title: Pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane removal for macular hole associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe the outcome of vitreous surgery in three eyes of three patients with macular hole associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the absence of fibrovascular proliferation, a combination of conditions where efficacy is incompletely known.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients, all male were 62, 65, and 66 years old. Panretinal photocoagulation had been performed preoperatively in all, and one eye had undergone vitreous surgery. No fibrovascular tissue causing macular traction was observed in any case. Fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated persistent diabetic macular edema surrounding the hole. Affected eyes were treated with vitrectomy including internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling; 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas (SF(6)) was introduced for tamponade.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anatomical closure of the macular hole as well as resolution of macular edema was achieved in all cases, and vision improved considerably by more than two Snellen lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitreous surgery with ILM peeling was effective for macular hole associated with PDR, attaining not only macular hole closure but also resolution of persistent diabetic macular edema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Kousuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000601:surgery*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000601:surgery*; D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D013459:Sulfur Hexafluoride