title: Changes in demographic factors and mortality after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe changes between 1992 and 2003 in age, sex, factors at resuscitation and survival among patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study including various ambulance organizations in Sweden. Patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 1992 and 2003 included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry were followed for survival to 1 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all 19 791 cases took part in the survey. There was a slight increase in mean age from 68 to 70 years (P = 0.025) and an increase of females from 29 to 32% (P = 0.0001). There was a change in witnessed status (P < 0.0001) with an increase in crew-witnessed cases and a decrease in non-witnessed cases. There was a decrease in cases of a cardiac etiology from 75 to 61% (P < 0.0001) and a decrease in the percentage found in ventricular fibrillation from 36 to 25% (P < 0.0001). When crew-witnessed cases were excluded the proportion receiving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increased from 30 to 42% (P < 0.0001). There was a slight increase in the overall proportion of patients hospitalized alive from 16 to 20% (P = 0.032). There was no significant change in the overall proportion of survivors at 1 month after cardiac arrest (4.5% in 1992 and 5.0% in 2003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among patients suffering from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden some changes took place. The most important ones were a decrease in the proportion of patients found in ventricular fibrillation and an increase in the proportion of patients receiving bystander CPR. The proportion of patients admitted alive to hospital increased moderately, whereas the proportion of patients alive after 1 month remained unchanged.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. johan.herlitz@hjl.gu.se
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herlitz
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Engdahl
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Svensson
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Karl-Axel
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Angquist
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holmberg
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology