title: Effects of historical lake level and land use on sediment and phosphorus accumulation rates in Lake Kinneret.
abstract: Current paradigms of reservoir ontogeny suggest that water-level fluctuations may increase sedimentary nutrient release, causing long-term eutrophication of water bodies formed by dryland flooding. Less is known of the changes in nutrient status following conversion of natural lakes into reservoirs. Here, we use historical hydrological and limnological data and paleolimnological records of sedimentary P accumulation to evaluate changes in nutrient storage in Lake Kinneret, Israel since approximately 1860. Impoundment in 1932 increased water level fluctuations and altered seasonal hydrologic patterns in the lake. Geochemical analysis of sediment deposits indicated that bulk sediment and P accumulation rates in the central lake increased >600% following dam installation (1930s), draining of Lake Hula wetlands (1951-1957), and diversion of surface water outflow (1964 to present). Further, comparison of sedimentary P stratigraphies with long-term chemical records showed that the period of maximum P deposition corresponds to observed increases in whole-lake and in hypolimnetic P content, as well as epilimnetic biological changes indicative of ongoing eutrophication. Together, these patterns suggest that hydrologic management of natural lakes can increase sedimentary nutrient flux under circumstances where lake volume and water levels become more variable.
authors.affiliation: University of Oklahoma Biological Station and Department of Zoology, Kingston, Oklahoma 73439, USA. dhambright@ou.edu
authors.forename: K David
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Hambright
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Leavitt
authors.forename: Claire L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Schelske
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005068:Eutrophication; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D049673:History, 20th Century; D007557:Israel; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis* / Q000266:history*; D014872:Water Movements; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus