title: Clinical outcome of individualised treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Latvia: a retrospective cohort study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Latvia has one of the highest rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB). Our aim was to assess treatment outcomes for the first full cohort of MDRTB patients treated under Latvia's DOTS-Plus strategy following WHO guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all civilian patients who began treatment with individualised treatment regimens for pulmonary MDRTB in Latvia between Jan 1, and Dec 31, 2000. We applied treatment outcome definitions for MDRTB, developed by an international expert consensus group, and assessed treatment effectiveness and risk factors associated with poor outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 204 patients assessed, 55 (27%) had been newly diagnosed with MDRTB, and 149 (73%) had earlier been treated with first-line or second-line drugs for this disease. Assessment of treatment outcomes showed that 135 (66%) patients were cured or completed therapy, 14 (7%) died, 26 (13%) defaulted, and treatment failed in 29 (14%). Of the 178 adherent patients, 135 (76%) achieved cure or treatment completion. In a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model of these patients, independent predictors of poor outcome (death and treatment failure) included having previously received treatment for MDRTB (hazard ratio 5.7, 95% CI 1.9-16.6), the use of five or fewer drugs for 3 months or more (3.2, 1.1-9.6), resistance to ofloxacin (2.6, 1.2-5.4), and body-mass index less than 18.5 at start of treatment (2.3, 1.1-4.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DOTS-Plus strategy of identifying and treating patients with MDRTB can be effectively implemented on a nationwide scale in a setting of limited resources.
authors.affiliation: State Centre of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Riga, Latvia. vaira@tuberculosis.lv
authors.forename: Vaira
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leimane
authors.forename: Vija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Riekstina
authors.forename: Timothy H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Holtz
authors.forename: Evija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zarovska
authors.forename: Vija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Skripconoka
authors.forename: Lorna E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Thorpe
authors.forename: Kayla F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Laserson
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007844:Latvia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents