title: Intraosseous venography with carbon dioxide contrast agent in percutaneous vertebroplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objectives were to ascertain whether CO2 can be used as a contrast agent in venography during percutaneous vertebroplasty and to evaluate whether it might be capable of replacing nonionic iodinated contrast agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraosseous venography with CO2 contrast agent was slightly inferior to iodine venography in terms of its ability to visualize the vertebral bodies and perivertebral veins, but it remains a useful technique because no interference with optimal visualization of bone cement occurs during the cement injection when CO2 remains within the fracture cleft.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Kansai Medical University, 10-15, Fumizono, Moriguchi, Osaka 570-8507, Japan. tanigano@takii.kmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanigawa
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komemushi
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kariya
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawada
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods*; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide