title: Cuff electrode implantation around the sciatic nerve is associated with an upregulation of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta 1.
abstract: Epineurial fibrosis, fiber loss, limited reproducibility of recordings and variability of stimulation conditions have been documented after extraneural cuff electrode implantation. These morphological and electrophysiological modifications could be due to the local release of cytokines. We report the expression of two cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in the rat sciatic nerve after 'cuff' implantation for 18 h, 7 days and 1 month. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses showed a transient upregulation of TNF-alpha, during the first week, and a prolonged increase of TGF-beta1, over the 1-month period duration of this study. Considering the known pro-inflammatory roles of TNF-alpha and the pro-fibrotic action of TGF-beta, our results strongly suggest that these cytokines may contribute to nerve alterations occurring within the acute and sub-acute phases after cuff electrode implantation.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Morphology Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate, 52, P.O. Box UCL-52.29, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vince
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thil
authors.forename: Anne-Catherine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Gérard
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Veraart
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delbeke
authors.forename: Ides M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Colin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001835:Body Weight / Q000276:immunology; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D005355:Fibrosis; D005684:Gait / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009928:Organ Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D010525:Peripheral Nerves / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha