title: Flap algorithm in vulvar reconstruction after radical, extensive vulvectomy.
abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the reconstructive options after radical, extensive vulvectomy; relate them to tumor characteristics; and select a choice of flaps able to correct every remaining defect. This study is a retrospective review of a 4-year experience with 31 flaps in 20 consecutive vulvar reconstructions. Three of the 31 flaps presented nonsignificant delayed healing at their tips and 3 other flaps developed a major breakdown related to an infection or an error in flap planning. According to the authors, the size of the defect is the main issue that must be taken into consideration during the establishment of reconstructive needs. Closure of vulvar defects is preferably performed using fasciocutaneous flaps, which are very reliable flaps and can be raised with different techniques to meet different needs. A flap is then chosen with the fewest potential complications. An algorithm has been thus established: Small to medium-size defects are closed with island V-Y flaps, island gluteal fold flaps, or pedicled pudendal thigh flaps. Among them, the island V-Y flap is the workhorse flap for vulvar reconstruction because of its versatility, reliability, and technical simplicity compared with its very low complication rate. If the vulvar defect is large and/or reaches the vulva-crural fold, V-Y flaps are also preferred to close these large and posteriorly extended excisions. If the vulvar defect is very large, extending both anteriorly and posteriorly, the use of a distally based, vertically oriented rectus abdominis muscle flap is recommended. Using this algorithm, immediate vulvar reconstruction with pedicled local or regional flaps can be performed easily and reliably.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy. m.salgarello@mclink.it
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salgarello
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Farallo
authors.forename: Liliana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barone-Adesi
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cervelli
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scambia
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salerno
authors.forename: Pasquale Alessandro
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Margariti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000465:Algorithms; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014844:Vulva / Q000601:surgery*; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*