title: Cyclodextrin formulation of dorzolamide and its distribution in the eye after topical administration.
abstract: Due to limited aqueous solubility of dorzolamide at physiologic pH, the pH of Trusopt eye drops (cont. 2% dorzolamide) has to be kept at about 5.65, and to increase the topical bioavailability of the drug from Trusopt the contact time of the drug with the eye surface is increased by increasing the viscosity of the eye drops to 100 cps. This low pH and high viscosity can lead to local irritation. In this study, dorzolamide hydrochloride was formulated as 2% and 4% low viscosity solutions (viscosity 3 to 5 cps) containing randomly methylated beta-cyclodextrin at pH 7.45. These formulations were evaluated in rabbits. The animals were sacrificed at various time points after topical administration of the drug and the dorzolamide concentration determined in the different parts of the eye. Trusopt was used as a reference standard. The topical availability of dorzolamide from the cyclodextrin-containing eye drops appeared to be comparable to that from Trusopt and the drug reached retina and optic nerve to give measurable concentrations for at least 8 h after administration of the eye drops.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland.
authors.forename: Hakon H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stefánsson
authors.forename: Elínborg
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gudmundsdóttir
authors.forename: Thór
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eysteinsson
authors.forename: Margrét
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thorsteinsdóttir
authors.forename: Thorsteinn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Loftsson
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D003505:Cyclodextrins; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; C062765:dorzolamide