title: Genetical and functional investigation of fliC genes encoding flagellar serotype H4 in wildtype strains of Escherichia coli and in a laboratory E. coli K-12 strain expressing flagellar antigen type H48.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Serotyping of O-(lipopolysaccharide) and H-(flagellar) antigens is a wideley used method for identification of pathogenic strains and clones of Escherichia coli. At present, 176 O- and 53 H-antigens are described for E. coli which occur in different combinations in the strains. The flagellar antigen H4 is widely present in E. coli strains of different O-serotypes and pathotypes and we have investigated the genetic relationship between H4 encoding fliC genes by PCR, nucleotide sequencing and expression studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The complete nucleotide sequence of fliC genes present in E. coli reference strains U9-41 (O2:K1:H4) and P12b (O15:H17) was determined and both were found 99.3% (1043 of 1050 nucleotides) identical in their coding sequence. A PCR/RFLP protocol was developed for typing of fliC-H4 strains and 88 E. coli strains reacting with H4 antiserum were investigated. Nucleotide sequencing of complete fliC genes of six E. coli strains which were selected based on serum agglutination titers, fliC-PCR genotyping and reference data revealed 96.6 to 100% identity on the amino acid level. The functional expression of flagellin encoded by fliC-H4 from strain U9-41 and from our strain P12b which is an H4 expressing variant type was investigated in the E. coli K-12 strain JM109 which encodes flagellar type H48. The fliC recombinant plasmid carrying JM109 strains reacted with both H4 and H48 specific antisera whereas JM109 reacted only with the H48 antiserum. By immunoelectron microscopy, we could show that the flagella made by the fliC-H4 recombinant plasmid carrying strain are constituted of H48 and H4 flagellins which are co-assembled into functional flagella.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The flagellar serotype H4 is encoded by closely related fliC genes present in serologically different types of E. coli strains which were isolated at different time periods and geographical locations. Our expression studies show for the first time, that flagellins of different molecular weigh are functionally expressed and coassembled in the same flagellar filament in E. coli.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Safety, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, D-13353, Germany. beutinl@rki.de
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Beutin
authors.forename: Eckhard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strauch
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaulfuss
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schaudinn
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Männel
authors.forename: Hans R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Gelderblom
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005408:Flagellin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012703:Serotyping
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C022863:H antigen; D005408:Flagellin