title: Evaluation of a synchronous twin-pulse technique for shock wave lithotripsy: the first prospective clinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the results of the first clinical study of a synchronous twin-pulse technique for extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL), which is effective for in vitro stone fragmentation and safe when assessed in vivo on animal tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with urinary stones (35 men and 15 women) were enrolled and treated with the TWINHEADS lithotripter. The entry criteria were: age > or = 18 years, with a radio-opaque single stone in the kidney or upper ureter, a normal laboratory profile (serum creatinine, liver function, blood, bleeding and clotting times, and prothrombin concentration). The exclusion criteria included lower ureteric stones, patients with urinary tract infection, obstructed urinary tract distal to the stones, or congenital abnormalities. All patients received one session and were evaluated by ultrasonography (US), urinary tract plain X-ray, and complete laboratory investigations before and immediately after treatment, and after 2, 14 and 30 days. Patients requiring re-treatment at the 14-day visit received a second session and were re-evaluated after 7 and 14 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (sd, range) stone size (longest diameter) was 12.3 (2.6, 9-18) mm. Intravenous sedation was used in 30 patients. There was mild haematuria in 25 patients on the day of treatment. During the follow-up there was no evidence of haematoma, gross renal injury, upper urinary tract obstruction or significant changes in the laboratory investigations. After 14 days, 17 patients (34%) were free of stones, with residual stones of < or = 5 mm in 20 (40%); they were free of stones at the 1-month follow-up. Thirteen patients (26%) had residual stones of 6-9 mm, but the stones were half or less of the original size. Patients with residual stones of > 5 mm had another ESWL session and were free of stones within 14 days. Thus all patients were rendered stone-free within 1 month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synchronous twin-pulse ESWL is promising, seems safe and effective for treating patients with renal and upper ureteric lithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mansoura University, Elgomhoria St., 35516, Mansoura, Egypt. kzsheir@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Khaled Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Sheir
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: El-Diasty
authors.forename: Amani M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Ismail
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003085:Colic / Q000209:etiology; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000628:therapy*; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019233:Retreatment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000628:therapy*