title: Lower-limb deep-vein thrombosis in a general hospital: risk factors, outcomes and the contribution of intravenous drug use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Much of the morbidity associated with deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) is absent from the evidence base used to define best clinical practice. Intravenous (IV) drug use is an increasingly frequent cause of DVT.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To obtain a profile of DVT patients in routine clinical care, and determine the contribution of IV drug use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-note review.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 232 episodes of lower-limb DVT in a large district general hospital during 1996.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had mean (range) age 62.8 (21-97) years, with 43.9% aged > 70 years. A large proportion would have been excluded from prospective studies that have contributed to current DVT guidelines. Risk factors included smoking (33.0%), immobility (26.5%), previous DVT (23.6%), surgery in the last 3 months (18.2%), malignancy (16.5%), varicose veins (10.5%) and IV drug use (6.9%). Forty-five (19.4%) had multiple risk factors. Postsurgical DVT commonly presented from the community following initial hospital discharge. Intravenous drug use accounted for 48.4% of episodes in patients aged < or =40 years. Thrombosis was right-sided in 68.8% of IV drug users, compared to 38.2% in others (p = 0.034).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our patients differed from those in most of the prospective studies used to develop routine clinical care pathways for DVT. Intravenous drug use is an important cause of community-acquired DVT in young adults.
authors.affiliation: Tropical and Infectious Disease Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XP, UK.
authors.forename: F F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Syed
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Beeching
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000209:etiology; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality