title: Human factors studies of the working hours of UK ships' pilots. Part 2: A survey of work-scheduling problems and their social consequences.
abstract: This paper reports findings from interview, questionnaire and diary surveys of the working hours and working arrangements of UK ships' pilots relevant for the question of individual well-being, fatigue and social effects of work-scheduling practices. Aspects of pilots' lifestyles, task factors and different work systems are described. Findings are drawn from the pilots' own subjective accounts, opinions and ratings and some pilots' wives also gave their views. It is concluded that certain districts have working hours and working systems which impose a strain on their pilots, particularly those without a supportive domestic life. Compatibility between home and work life is thought to make an important contribution to well-being. Recommendations for change are outlined and a major obstacle against their implementation (sea-faring attitudes) is described. This study formed part of a larger project investigating stress in ships' pilots with particular reference to workload factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, UK.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Cook