title: Inhibition of endogenous SHIP2 ameliorates insulin resistance caused by chronic insulin treatment in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  SHIP2 is a physiologically important negative regulator of insulin signalling hydrolysing the PI3-kinase product, PI(3,4,5)P3, which also has an impact on insulin resistance. In the present study, we examined the effect of inhibiting the endogenous SHIP2 function on the insulin resistance caused by chronic insulin treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The endogenous function of SHIP2 was inhibited by expressing a catalytically inactive SHIP2 (DeltaIP-SHIP), and compared with the effect of treatments designed to restore the levels of IRS-1 in insulin signalling systems of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chronic insulin treatment induced the large (86%) down-regulation of IRS-1 and the modest (36%) up-regulation of SHIP2. Subsequent stimulation by insulin of Akt phosphorylation, PKClambda activity, and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) uptake was markedly decreased by the chronic insulin treatment. Coincubation with the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin, effectively inhibited the proteosomal degradation of IRS-1 caused by the chronic insulin treatment. Although the coincubation with rapamycin and advanced overexpression of IRS-1 effectively ameliorated subsequent insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt, insulin stimulation of PKClambda activity and 2-DOG uptake was partly restored by these treatments. Similarly, expression of DeltaIP-SHIP2 effectively ameliorated the insulin-induced phosphorylation of Akt without affecting the amount of IRS-1. Furthermore, the decreased insulin-induced PKClambda activity and 2-DOG uptake following chronic insulin treatment were ameliorated by the expression of DeltaIP-SHIP2 more effectively than by the treatment with rapamycin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the inhibition of endogenous SHIP2 is effective in improving the state of insulin resistance caused by chronic insulin treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. tsasaoka-tym@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasaoka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Funaki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D003847:Deoxyglucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D000072183:Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D018909:src Homology Domains; D000099293:Protein Kinase C-lambda
chemical_list: D003847:Deoxyglucose; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000072183:Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020123:Sirolimus; D000099293:Protein Kinase C-lambda; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C098706:INPPL1 protein, human