title: Improved diabetes control by using 'close adjustment algorithms'.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intensive insulin therapy increases the frequency of severe hypoglycemia despite markedly improved glycemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. To determine the optimal dose of insulin, the authors designed algorithms based on self-monitored blood glucose levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each dose of insulin was composed of two components: a basal dose determined on the basis of blood glucose levels over the previous two days and an additional dose determined on the basis of blood glucose level just before insulin injection. The patients were instructed to adjust each dose according to the algorithms. The authors investigated the effects of using algorithms on glycemic control, anthropometric data, body composition, and lipid profile in seven females with type 1 diabetes 12-20 years old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 3 months, the daily dose of insulin increased significantly from 0.93 +/- 0.18 to 1.16 +/- 0.26 units/kg of body weight, and haemoglobin A(1C) decreased significantly from 8.27 +/- 1.33 to 6.50 +/- 0.64%. Severe hypoglycemia, however, did not occur. Body mass index increased significantly from 21.7 +/- 2.7 to 22.7 +/- 2.9 kg/m(2) with no increase in the percentage of body fat. All lipid-profile data showed a decreasing trend.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Algorithms developed on the basis of self-monitored blood glucose levels are useful in determining the optimal dose of insulin and can improve glycemic control and lipid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan. ken.miyako@asahi.email.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyako
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuromaru
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kohno
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose