title: Variants of CARD15 are associated with an aggressive clinical course of Crohn's disease--an IG-IBD study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Three major variants of the CARD15 gene confer susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD). Whether or not these variants correlate with specific clinical features of the disease is under evaluation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the possible association of CARD15 variants with specific clinical characteristics, including the occurrence of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), in a large cohort of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and their unaffected relatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and sixteen CD patients (156 with positive family history), 408 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (206 with positive family history), 588 unaffected relatives, and 205 unrelated healthy controls (HC) were studied. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) R702W, G908R, and L1007finsC of the CARD15 gene were investigated and correlated to age at diagnosis, gender, family history, localization, extraintestinal manifestations, previous resective surgery, stenosing/fistulizing pattern, ANCA, and ASCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to HC, the frequencies of all three variants in CD were significantly increased: 8.7% versus 4.1% for R702W (p < 0.006), 7.3% versus 2.7% for G908R (p < 0.002), 9.3% versus 0.7% for L1007finsC (p < 0.00001). At least one risk allele was found in 38.2% (p < 0.0001, compared to HC), 13.7% (NS), and 15.1% of CD, UC, and HC, respectively. The L1007finsC risk allele was also significantly increased in unaffected relatives of familial (9.5%; p < 0.00001), and sporadic CD (9%; p < 0.00001), compared to HC (0.7%). Sixteen healthy relatives, carriers of two risk alleles, were asymptomatic after 5-8 yr of follow-up. CD carriers of at least one variant were younger (p= 0.03), more likely to have ileal localization (p= 0.0001), stenosing pattern (p= 0.01), previous resective surgery (p= 0.0001), and presence of ASCA (p= 0.0001). No difference in SNPs frequency between familial and sporadic cases of CD was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our population, both familial and sporadic CD patients carrying at least one major variant of CARD15 had an aggressive clinical course.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterology Unit, CSS-IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Annese
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perri
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Incà
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ardizzone
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riegler
authors.forename: Stelio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giaccari
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vecchi
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castiglione
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gionchetti
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cocchiara
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vigneri
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latiano
authors.forename: Orazio
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andriulli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000235:genetics*; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein