title: Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus can be triggered by an Rta protein mutated at the nuclear localization signal.
abstract: Rta, an immediate-early protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is a transcriptional activator that induces lytic gene expression and triggers virus reactivation. Being located predominantly in the nucleus, Rta can exert its transactivation function through either direct DNA binding or certain indirect mechanisms mediated by cellular signalling and other transcriptional factors. This study examined whether the subcellular localization of Rta was critical for the induction of target genes. First, 410KRKK413 was identified as a nuclear localization signal (NLS) of Rta. An Rta mutant with the NLS converted to 410AAAA413 showed cytoplasmic localization and failed to activate the promoter of BGLF5. Interestingly, ectopic expression of the Rta mutant still disrupted EBV latency in an epithelial cell line. Reporter gene assays revealed that the NLS-mutated Rta retained the ability to activate two lytic promoters, Zp and Rp, at a considerable level. Thus, the cytoplasmic Rta mutant could induce expression of endogenous Zta and Rta, triggering reactivation of EBV.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 722, Number 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsuey-Ying
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 722, Number 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 722, Number 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Pei-Wen
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.affiliation: Center of General Education, National Taipei College of Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Ying
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 722, Number 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mei-Ru
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Extramural Research Affairs Department, National Health Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan.|Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 722, Number 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Jen-Yang
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Room 722, Number 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ching-Hwa
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Tsai
mesh_terms: D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014775:Virus Activation
chemical_list: C068382:BRLF1 protein, Human herpesvirus 4; C063676:BZLF1 protein, Herpesvirus 4, Human; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014764:Viral Proteins