[Cosmetic colorants. Toxicology and regulation].
Some recent publications raised concern over a possible link between hair dye use and the incidence of bladder tumours in a Californian population. The Scientific Committee for Cosmetic Products and Non-Food Products intended for Consumers (SCCNFP) demanded the toxicological testing of all hair dyes used in Europe to exclude any risk. The EU commission initiated corresponding measures. Only safe hair dyes will be included on a positive list while all other hair dyes will be banned. The hair dye lawsone--the dyeing ingredient of henna--was evaluated by the SCCNFP as genotoxic but the BfR came to another conclusion. The regulation of both lawsone and henna remains an open question. Furthermore, some cosmetic colorants were critically discussed. The azo dyes CI 12150, CI 26100, CI 27290 and CI 20170 are allowed for use in cosmetics. On cleavage they form the carcinogenic aromatic amines o-anisidine, 4-aminoazobenzene and 2,4-xylidine, respectively. For three of these dyes the cleavage by human skin bacteria in vitro to the respective arylamine was shown experimentally. Further problems may arise from colorants used for tattoos and permanent makeup. These products up to now are not subject to legislation and there are no regulatory stipulations with respect to health safety and purity for colorants used for these purposes.
Platzek
T
T
Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Berlin. t.platzek@bfr.bund.de
Krätke
R
R
Klein
G
G
Schulz
C
C
D015197:Carcinogenicity Tests; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D005858:Germany; D006202:Hair Dyes / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013653:Tattooing / Q000009:adverse effects
D004396:Coloring Agents; D003358:Cosmetics; D006202:Hair Dyes