title: Interleukin-4 gene intron-3 polymorphism is associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether polymorphism of the interleukin-4 gene exon 3, and of the interleukin-1beta gene exon 5 and promoter region, are associated with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder, as cytokines are hypothesized to be important in cancer formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 138 patients with TCC of urinary bladder and 105 healthy controls living in the same area. Each genetic polymorphism was typed using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. Genotype distribution and allelic frequencies between patients and controls were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant differences in genotype and allelic distribution of intron 3 RP1/RP2 polymorphism (P < 0.001), but no significant difference in genotype distribution or allelic frequencies of the interleukin-1beta gene polymorphism between patients with bladder cancer and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The interleukin-4 gene intron 3 polymorphism is associated with bladder cancer and is a potential genetic marker in screening for the possible causes of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Fuu-Jen
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Chao-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chang-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Te-Chun
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hsia
authors.forename: Huey-Yi
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics*; D007438:Introns / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015847:Interleukin-4