title: [Recommendations for the selection of storage media for archiving digital radiological image data based on the comparison of retrieval times at different PACS archive levels].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recommendations for archiving digital radiological image data based on the comparison of retrieval times for different PACS archive levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  For a large PACS installation (Agfa Impax, Release 4.1), image retrieval times for radiological standard examinations (chest radiographs with 2, MRI with 250, CT with 100 and 1000 images; n = 120, each) from hard disk array, magneto-optical disk (MOD), and magnetic tape archives (TAPE) were examined in high and low network traffic load.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even large CT examinations (1000 images) were available from hard disk arrays within 4.0 +/- 0.8 s, smaller studies within 1.8 +/- 0.3 s. Radiographic image retrieval from MOD (30 +/- 4.7 s) was more then 50 % faster than from TAPE. For typical cross-sectional studies, the velocity gain amounted to 19 %. For both technologies, no significant difference was found for large CT examinations (651 +/- 144 s). For high and low network traffic load scenarios, image retrieval times from hard disk, MOD, and TAPE archives increased by 87 %, 7 %, and 22 %, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hard disk arrays are specifically suited as departmental intermediate storage media because they allow fast access to current and previous examinations within a short time. Performance properties enable both MOD and TAPE systems to serve as long-term archives. However, MOD archives are less flexible in the expansion of storage capacity and at present the medium costs per memory unit are about 2 - 3 times higher than for tape archives. The use of existing MOD-archives may be adequate as intermediate archives. For new PACS installations or system expansions, however, it is recommended to combine a sufficiently large local data memory (RAID) with data storage on tape archives outside the radiological unit that can be used by other departments as well. Future development of hard disk prices will show whether archiving for the whole data retention period may be handled by RAID systems. In any case, prefetching problems and waiting periods for demanded pre-studies would not occur any more.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Klinikum der Universität München. swirth@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Treitl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lucke
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mittermaier
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nissen-Meyer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Villain
authors.forename: K-J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D019995:Laboratory Chemicals / Q000592:standards; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016526:Workload
chemical_list: D019995:Laboratory Chemicals