title: Evidence of avian pneumovirus spread beyond Minnesota among wild and domestic birds in central North America.
abstract: To detect avian pneumovirus (APV) in central North America, nasal turbinates or choanal deft tissues from domestic turkeys and wild birds were examined for the presence of APV RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), whereas serum samples from domestic turkeys were analyzed for APV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In 2002, the seroprevalence of disease in domestic turkeys in Minnesota remained high (42.3% of the flocks). In addition, there is evidence the disease has spread to turkey flocks in North Dakota (8.2%), South Dakota (7%), Iowa (10%), and Wisconsin (8.6%) as detected by RT-PCR and/or ELISA. House sparrows and ring-billed gulls sampled in Minnesota and snow geese from Saskatchewan, Canada, were found to harbor APV RNA. Sequence analysis of wild bird APV strains showed high amino acid sequence identity among wild bird isolates (<97%) and between wild bird and turkey viral isolates (93.2%-99.3%). This study demonstrated that APV infections were present in domestic turkey flocks and wild birds outside the state of Minnesota; however, the role of wild birds in spreading APV to domestic turkeys remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nezworski
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Velayudhan
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Nagaraja
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zeman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lauer
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Njenga
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Halvorson
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000821:virology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D001717:Birds / Q000821:virology; D029121:Metapneumovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D014422:Turkeys / Q000821:virology; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins