title: Drinking, alcohol problems and the five-year recurrence and incidence of male to female and female to male partner violence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examined the 5-year incidence and recurrence of male to female (MFPV) and female to male partner violence (FMPV) as well as their relationship with drinking and alcohol problems among intact couples in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national sample of couples 18 years of age or older were interviewed in 1995 and again in 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrence is slightly higher for FMPV (44%) than MFPV (39%), whereas incidence rates are similar for these two types of violence (MFPV, 5.7%; FMPV, 6%). Cross-tabulations show that a higher frequency of drinking five or more drinks on occasion is positively associated with the overall occurrence of MFPV and with both the recurrence and the overall occurrence of FMPV. Male alcohol problems are associated with a higher recurrence of MFPV and higher overall MFPV. Female alcohol problems are associated with incidence of FMPV. In multivariate analysis, black ethnicity, male unemployment, and severe physical abuse during childhood are associated with recurrence of MFPV. Black ethnicity, male unemployment, male employment status as "retired/other," female age, and couples in which the female drinks more are associated with recurrence of FMPV. Incidence of MFPV is associated with cohabitation, Hispanic ethnicity, and man's observation of violence between parents. Male unemployment, male observation of violence between parents, and man's drinking volume predict incidence of FMPV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volume of drinking is the only alcohol indicator associated with intimate partner violence once the effects of other factors are controlled in multivariate analysis. Both MFPV and FMPV are areas of health disparity across whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Factors of risk that predict recurrence and incidence can be identified and used in prevention efforts.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas School of Public Health, Dallas Regional Campus, Dallas, Texas, USA. Raul.Caetano@UTSouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caetano
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: Suhasini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramisetty-Mikler
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Field
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017579:Domestic Violence / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors