Application of an antiandrogen during pregnancy infantilizes the male offsprings' behaviour.
The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that an application of an antiandrogen during pregnancy causes an infantilization of the male offsprings' behaviour later in life. The subjects studied were male guinea pigs whose mothers were either treated with an antiandrogen (flutamide and carrier) or a placebo (carrier only) during pregnancy. The mothers lived in groups of five females and one male. Application of the antiandrogen or the placebo took place on days 30, 32, 34, and 36 of pregnancy, the sensitive phase of foetal CNS sexual differentiation in guinea pigs. After weaning three groups of sons, whose mothers had received the antiandrogen (FT-sons) and five groups of sons, whose mothers had received the placebo (PT-sons) were established. Each group consisted of two males. From their 20th through their 100th day of age, the spontaneous behaviour of the males was recorded in their home cages in 5-day intervals. Additionally, blood samples were collected to determine serum cortisol concentrations. FT-sons and PT-sons did not differ in serum cortisol concentrations. However, distinct differences in behaviour occurred: FT-sons rested significantly longer with bodily contact than PT-sons. Additionally, FT-sons displayed more play-behaviour than PT-sons. These results point to a behavioural infantilization in males prenatally treated with antiandrogen. The behavioural differences between FT- and PT-sons are in accordance with previous studies in which a decrease of serum androgen concentrations in pregnant females living in an unstable social environment [Psychoneuroendocrinology 2001;26:503] and an infantilization of their sons' behaviour was described [Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003;28:67]. Thus, our study supports the hypothesis, that the decrease of androgen concentrations during pregnancy, caused by an unstable social environment, is responsible for the infantilization of the male offsprings' behaviour.
Wewers
Dirk
D
Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Muenster, Badestr. 9, 48149 Muenster, Germany. wewersd@uni-muenster.de
Kaiser
Sylvia
S
Sachser
Norbert
N
D000367:Age Factors; D000378:Agonistic Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005485:Flutamide / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011863:Radioimmunoassay / Q000379:methods; D012919:Social Behavior; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D005485:Flutamide