title: Tranilast attenuates cardiac matrix deposition in experimental diabetes: role of transforming growth factor-beta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix is a characteristic feature of diabetic cardiomyopathy that is directly related to a loss of function. Tranilast (n-[3,4-anthranilic acid), used for the treatment of fibrotic skin diseases, has also been shown to inhibit transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced matrix production in kidney epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate the effects of tranilast in the diabetic heart, we examined its effects in cultured cardiac fibroblasts and then assessed its effects in (mRen-2)27 diabetic rats with established disease (8 weeks after streptozotocin).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro studies demonstrated a 58% reduction in TGF-beta1-induced 3[H]-hydroxyproline incorporation with tranilast 30 microM (p<0.01). At 16 weeks, diabetes in the Ren-2 rat was associated with increased cardiac fibrosis and evidence of TGF-beta1 activation, as measured by the abundance of phosphorylated Smad2. Despite persistent hyperglycaemia and hypertension, tranilast attenuated cardiac fibrosis by 37% (p<0.05) in association with reduction in phospho-Smad2 (p<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that tranilast has antifibrotic actions in the Ren-2 model of experimental diabetic cardiac disease by mechanisms that might attributable to reduced TGF-beta activity.
authors.affiliation: University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Darren J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Sally A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mifsud
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: See
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Krum
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilkinson-Berka
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gilbert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D005355:Fibrosis; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D051899:Smad2 Protein; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051899:Smad2 Protein; C497784:Smad2 protein, rat; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D062367:ortho-Aminobenzoates; D003094:Collagen; C012293:tranilast