title: A novel method for chromosome analysis of human sperm using enucleated mouse oocytes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mouse oocytes can be used in conjunction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) as a technique to permit chromosomal analysis of human sperm. However, chromosomes derived both from the human sperm and the mouse oocyte appear simultaneously following ICSI. The present study focused on evaluating whether or not previously enucleated mouse oocytes are usable for the analysis of human sperm chromosomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  The metaphase chromosome-spindle complex was removed from a mouse oocyte. Human sperm from a donor with proven fertility were injected into mouse enucleated oocytes or intact oocytes. The presence of pronuclei in the oocytes was confirmed approximately 7-11 h after ICSI, and the oocytes were then fixed so that the nuclei could be observed as chromosome samples at 15-16 h after ICSI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The formation rate of one pronucleus in enucleated oocytes after ICSI was 93.9% (186/198) while that of two pronuclei in intact oocytes after ICSI was 85.4% (88/103). The appearance rate of metaphase chromosomes of human sperm in the enucleated oocytes, 89.4% (160/179), was significantly higher than that in intact oocytes, 78.7% (74/94) (P = 0.017).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An efficient ICSI method using enucleated mouse oocytes was established to allow the visualization of the human sperm chromosome complement without the risk of confusion with mouse oocyte chromosomes.
authors.affiliation: Science of Plant and Animal Production, United Graduated School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchuu-city, Japan. yaaraki@nifty.com
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D022003:Cell Nucleus Structures; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000502:physiology*