title: Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the pif gene of Spodoptera frugiperda nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV).
abstract: Defective viruses, not transmissible alone, increase the transmissibility of complete genotypes in natural populations of Spodoptera frugiperda multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV). The defective phenotype is associated with a 15 kb deletion, which includes the pif (per os infectivity factor) gene. The sequence of a 2.4 kb fragment that includes pif was determined. Multiple transcripts encompassing pif were detected by Northern blot analysis. RT-PCR and nuclease protection analysis demonstrated the presence of run-through transcripts starting upstream of pif. A 2.0 kb messenger started from a CTAAG promoter motif located 11 nt upstream of the pif start codon, and ended 450 nt downstream from the pif stop codon. This pif mRNA included a small downstream ORF (homologous to Se37). A transcript of 0.8 kb was detected that may correspond to a specific transcript from this small ORF. This transcript would start at a late consensus motif internal to pif coding sequences, ending at the same polyadenylation signal as the pif transcript. These transcription features resemble those of pif transcription in Spodoptera littoralis NPV, although the genomic location of pif is not equivalent in the two viruses. SfMNPV pif can encode a protein of 529 amino acids, closely related to Spodoptera exigua MNPV PIF.
authors.affiliation: Depto. de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Oihane
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Simón
authors.forename: Serafín
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Primitivo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: López-Ferber
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D005814:Genes, Viral; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017924:Nucleopolyhedroviruses / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D017385:Sequence Homology; D018411:Spodoptera / Q000821:virology*; D013728:Terminator Regions, Genetic; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral