Electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings in malnourished children.
OBJECTIVE
To compare heart abnormalities in a group of malnourished children with a control group and to describe their predictive variables.


METHODS
Thirty children with malnutrition were matched with thirty healthy children. Anthropometry, plasma levels of albumin and electrolytes were determined. Among others, corrected QT interval (QTc) and QT dispersion (QTd: difference between the maximum and the minimum QT) were measured in 12-lead electrocardiogram; and left ventricular mass (LVm) and left ventricular mass index (LVmi) were measured by echocardiography. Regression analyses were performed with cardiac findings as dependent variables and anthropometric and biochemical data as independent variables.


RESULTS
Plasma levels of albumin, potassium and calcium were lower in malnourished children. QTc and QTd were significantly greater in patients with malnutrition than in controls (QTc: 445.9 +/- 31.4 vs. 400.9 +/- 17.7 ms, p = 0.000; QTd: 76.4 +/- 34.1 vs. 47.9 +/- 10.2 ms, p = 0.000). LVm and LVmi were significantly lower in malnourished children (LVm: 55.3 +/- 10.3 vs. 71.4 +/- 6.9 g, p = 0.000; LVmi: 46.5 +/- 6.6 vs. 60.5 +/- 4.9 g/m2, p = 0.000). The body mass index (kg/m2) was the most powerful predictor of the variability in QTc (39.1%), LVm (48.1%) and LVmi (51.2%).


CONCLUSIONS
Important electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities have been found in malnourished children associated with their nutritional status. Special precaution must be taken about the possibility of occurrence of arrhythmias and sudden death related with malnutrition.
Olivares
José L
JL
Department of Paediatrics, Lozano Blesa Hospital, University of Zaragoza School of Medicine, Zaragoza, SPAIN. olivares@unizar.es
Vázquez
Margarita
M
Rodríguez
Gerardo
G
Samper
Pilar
P
Fleta
Jesús
J
D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis
D012709:Serum Albumin; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium