title: Rescue cardiac transplantation for early failure of the Fontan-type circulation in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early failure of the Fontan-type circulation is a potentially fatal complication. We review our experience with cardiac transplantation in children presenting with end-stage heart failure in this scenario.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review. Between 1985 and 2003, 6 children aged less than 16 years were referred for cardiac transplantation. The indication for cardiac transplantation was end-stage cardiac failure early after the completion of the Fontan-type operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 6 patients listed for transplantation underwent cardiac transplantation; the median interval to transplantation from the operation was 36 days (range, 6-180 days). Four patients had undergone the Fontan procedure, and 2 had one-and-a-half-ventricle repair. All 6 patients were ventilated and inotrope dependent, with varying degrees of multiorgan dysfunction. One patient was bridged to transplantation with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The median age at transplantation was 7.1 years (range, 3-12.5 years), and weight was 18.9 kg (range, 11-35 kg). One patient died on the operating table (graft failure and hemorrhage). In 5 survivors the median intensive care unit stay was 10 days (range, 8-61 days). On follow-up of 6 to 81 months, there have been no subsequent deaths, and the quality of life in survivors is good.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rescue cardiac transplantation in the setting of an early failure of the Fontan-type circulation and end-stage cardiac failure is an effective treatment option and can be performed with acceptable early mortality and encouraging short-term to medium-term results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. milind.chaudhari@nuth.northy.nhs.uk <milind.chaudhari@nuth.northy.nhs.uk>
authors.forename: Milind
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chaudhari
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sturman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wrightson
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parry
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bolton
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasan
mesh_terms: D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018729:Fontan Procedure; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000151:congenital / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007229:Infant Welfare; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D011788:Quality of Life; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome