title: A multiplexed PCR-coupled liquid bead array for the simultaneous detection of four biothreat agents.
abstract: We have developed a 10-plexed PCR assay coupled to a 12-plexed liquid bead array to rapidly screen environmental samples for B. anthracis, Y. pestis, F. tularensis, and B. melitensis. Highly validated species-specific primer sets were used to simultaneously amplify multiple diagnostic regions unique to each individual pathogen. Resolution of the mix of amplified products was achieved by PCR product hybridization to corresponding probe sequences, attached to unique sets of fluorescent beads. The hybridized beads were processed through a flow cytometer, which detected presence and quantity of each PCR product. The assay was optimized to allow for maximum sensitivity in a multiplexed format. A high-throughput demonstration was performed where 384 simulated environmental samples were spiked with different amounts of B. thuringensis spores and pathogen DNA. The samples were robotically processed to extract DNA and arrayed for multiplexed PCR-liquid bead detection. The assay correctly identified the presence or absence of each pathogen and collected over 3000 individual data points within a single 8-h shift for approximately $4.00 material costs per environmental sample in a 10-plexed assay.
authors.affiliation: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, P.O. Box 808, L-369, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. wilson69@llnl.gov
authors.forename: Wendy J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Erler
authors.forename: Shanavaz L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Nasarabadi
authors.forename: Evan W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Skowronski
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Imbro
mesh_terms: D001408:Bacillus anthracis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D023482:Bioterrorism; D017347:Brucella melitensis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers; D015342:DNA Probes / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005604:Francisella tularensis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D008863:Microspheres; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D015342:DNA Probes; D004269:DNA, Bacterial