title: Application of a polyelectrolyte complex coacervation method to improve seeding efficiency of bone marrow stromal cells in a 3D culture system.
abstract: High seeding efficiency with homogenous distribution of limited cell sources such as bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are of clinical relevance in scaffold-based tissue engineering. Therefore, considerable research efforts have been invested to ameliorate the seeding efficiency in 3D scaffolds. Preliminary data demonstrated that indeed BMSCs were viable and were able to proliferate in a model 3D scaffold, i.e. Cytomatrix scaffold. However, the eventual practical application of BMSCs in such 3D scaffolds is limited by the low seeding efficiency of the cells within the scaffold. Here, we demonstrated that the cell seeding efficiency of BMSCs in the Cytomatrix scaffold can be improved significantly (t-test, p<0.05) by means of macroencapsulating the scaffold via the complex coacervation of a methylated collagen and terpolymer. The thickness and density of the polyeletrolyte complex can be modulated by the contact time between the methylated collagen and terpolymer to balance between cell entrapment efficacy and mass transfer impedance imparted by the complex. Porcine BMSCs were macroencapsulated in Cytomatrix scaffolds using various polyelectrolyte contact time and cultured under both static and dynamic conditions. Throughout the range of contact time investigated, macroencapsulation did not affect the viability of the porcine BMSCs in dynamic culture. However, the viability of the cells under static cultures was compromised with longer polyelectrolyte contact time. Therefore, this proposed method of macroencapsulation enables customization to achieve enhanced seeding efficiency without mass transfer impedance for different culture configurations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
authors.forename: Yi-Chin
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Toh
authors.forename: Saey Tuan
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Dietmar W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hutmacher
authors.forename: Hanry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D013552:Swine; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D004573:Electrolytes; D011108:Polymers; D003094:Collagen