title: Monocyte-derived HLA-G acts as a strong inhibitor of autologous CD4 T cell activation and is upregulated by interferon-beta in vitro and in vivo: rationale for the therapy of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Peripheral antigen presenting cells (APCs) contribute to the maintenance of immune tolerance and are considered to play a critical role in promoting the (re)activation of autoreactive T cells in multiple sclerosis (MS). Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) is the principle immune-modulatory agent used in the treatment of MS, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. HLA-G is a non-classical MHC molecule (MHC class Ib) attributed chiefly immune-regulatory functions. We here investigated the role of monocyte-derived HLA-G in the immune-regulatory processes of MS and its implications for current immune-modulatory therapies. Monocytes constitutively express cell surface HLA-G1 and soluble HLA-G5. Comparison of monocytic HLA-G expression between patients with relapsing-remitting MS (n=17) and healthy donors (n=20) revealed significantly lower levels of HLA-G1 protein in MS patients. However, both groups showed a significant upregulation of HLA-G in response to IFN-beta in vitro. Serial measurements of HLA-G mRNA levels in MS patients before and during IFN-beta therapy corroborated the relevance of these results in vivo: 1 month after initiation of IFN-beta1b therapy (n=9), HLA-G1 and HLA-G5 were significantly increased compared to baseline levels and remained elevated during treatment for 6 months (n=3). Importantly, functional experiments demonstrated that monocyte-derived HLA-G inhibits both Th1 (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and Th2 (IL-10) cytokine production by antigen-stimulated autologous CD4 T cells. Soluble HLA-G added to antigen-specific T cell lines (TCLs) has similar effects on the release of cytokines and reduces T cell proliferation. Although both IFN-beta and IFN-gamma strongly enhance HLA-G1 and HLA-G5 expression by monocytes in vitro, IFN-beta leads to a stronger relative upregulation of HLA-G compared to classical MHC class I molecules than stimulation with IFN-gamma. Taken together, monocyte-derived HLA-G mediates the inhibition of autologous CD4 T cell activation and might be involved in immune-regulatory pathways in the pathogenesis of MS. We conclude that some desirable immune-modulatory effects of INF-beta might be accomplished via the upregulation of the immune-tolerogenic molecule HLA-G.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsdoerffer
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.forename: Bernd C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Kieseier
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Neuhaus
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dichgans
authors.forename: Hans-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weller
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiendl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000494:pharmacology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D006367:HeLa Cells; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D006680:HLA Antigens; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016899:Interferon-beta