title: The effects of pharmaceutical consumption and obesity on the quality of life in the organization of economic cooperation and development (OECD) countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to validate our earlier work on life expectancy with more recent data and, more importantly, to extend it to examine quality of life, not only the length of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis focuses on the production of health, disaggregating healthcare into pharmaceutical consumption and other healthcare. Going beyond our earlier work, measures of health include life expectancy and disability-adjusted life expectancy (DALE). Also, we consider the impact of obesity. The sample was 18 Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The measure of pharmaceutical consumption is the best that is available for these countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirming our earlier work, pharmaceutical consumption has a positive and statistically significant effect on life expectancy at 40 and 60 years (significant at the 0.05 level, based on a two-tailed test). The effects are slightly larger than in the earlier work. Turning to DALE, pharmaceutical consumption has a positive and statistically significant effect at birth and at 60 years (significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively), based on a two-tailed test. The effects on DALE are larger than the effects on life expectancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased pharmaceutical consumption helps improve quality of life, as well as life expectancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA. frech@econ.ucsb.edu
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Frech
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D019049:Developed Countries / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000379:methods; D017850:Economics, Pharmaceutical / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy / Q000639:trends; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011788:Quality of Life