title: Direct effects of polymyxin B on human dendritic cells maturation. The role of IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 pathways and adhesion.
abstract: Polymyxin B is a lipopolysaccharide binding antibiotic used to inactivate potential lipopolysaccharide contaminations when evaluating the activity of different agents on innate immune cells. We report that polymyxin B is able to induce directly in monocyte-derived human dendritic cells (DCs) several functional and molecular modifications characteristic of DCs undergoing a maturation process. DCs incubated with polymyxin B up-regulate the expression of HLA class I and II, the co-stimulatory CD86 molecule, and show an increase in the fraction of adherent cells at short time, which persist at 48 h of incubation. Adhesion to the plate was required for the polymyxin B-induced DCs maturation. A transient activation of IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappaB and ERK1/2 pathways at short time and a further ERK1/2 activation at long term were also detected. Neither up-regulation of the maturation marker CD83 nor activation of p38 nor induction of cytokines secretion was observed in DCs treated with polymyxin B. We demonstrated that inhibition of IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappaB pathway abolishes polymyxin B effects. ERK1/2 inhibition instead allowed DCs treated with polymyxin B to progress in their maturation process as revealed by the increased up-regulation of the CD83 co-stimulatory molecules, the activation of p38, and the reduced adhesion to culture plates at 48 h of incubation. Our results indicate that polymyxin B induces a partial maturation of human DCs through increased adhesion to a substrate and activation of the IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappaB pathway. The increased ERK1/2 activation observed, even though correlating with the initial phases of the maturation process, actually inhibits the occurrence of full maturation.
authors.affiliation: Molmed, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy. barbara.valentinis@molmed.com
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valentinis
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Arcadi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cipponi
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Catalanotti
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Catia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Traversari
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism; D005805:Genes, MHC Class I; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011112:Polymyxin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014108:Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015703:Antigens, CD; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C497964:CD86 protein, human; D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D006680:HLA Antigens; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D014108:Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D011112:Polymyxin B; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one