title: Gender disparity in the practice of gastroenterology: the first 5 years of a career.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite an unprecedented demand for gastroenterology services, the number of gastroenterology trainees has decreased over 50% since 1993. Women comprise nearly 50% of the U.S. medical school student population; yet only occupy 16% of gastroenterology fellowship positions. In order to recruit the best candidates to gastroenterology we must be able to demonstrate the attractiveness of a career in the field. A prospective study was performed to identify the career choices of graduates from gastroenterology fellowship programs using a prospective study model and to identify whether gender differences exist in the practice of gastroenterologists up to 5 yr after completion of training.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey gathering information on demographics, practice pattern, and income was mailed to two cohorts of gastroenterology fellows 3 and 5 yr after graduation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 247 subjects completed the 3 yr and 220 subjects responded to the 5-yr survey. At 3 yr, men reported higher income (p < 0.001), worked longer hours per week (p < 0.002), and were more likely to be part owner of the practice (p= 0.027). Females reported fewer children (p < 0.007), lower board certification rates (p < 0. 002), worked for larger, multispecialty practices (p < 0.001), and practiced more internal medicine. These differences were still present at 5 yr into gastroenterology practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences in practice type, earnings, board certification, professional standing, and alterations in family planning are noted between male and female gastroenterologists in the initial 5 yr of their practice.
authors.affiliation: The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Suriya V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Sastri
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Freda L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Arlow
authors.forename: Robyn G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Karlstadt
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raymond
mesh_terms: D002321:Career Choice; D003625:Data Collection; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005762:Gastroenterology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D010822:Physicians, Women / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011364:Professional Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States