title: Surgical treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a review of small incision approaches.
abstract: This review article covers the use of small incision open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of the intra-articular calcaneal fracture. The central concept is to match the fracture anatomy with the appropriate surgical approach. Covered first is the mechanism and pathoanatomy, which produces a stereotypical pattern. The major components to address include the posterior facet, superomedial fragment, anterolateral fragment, and tuberosity. The choices of approaches discussed are percutaneous, lateral, medial, and combined. A reduction strategy follows that of the extensile approach, and the goal is total anatomic restoration. Fixation consists of small fragment implants, minifragment implants, and K wires. Specific fracture patterns amenable to selective small incision approaches are described. Detailed surgical strategies are provided. These techniques will be placed in the context of pertinent literature on this subject.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of South Carolina, Palmetto Richland Hospital, Columbia, SC 29203, USA. james.carr@palmettohealth.org
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Carr
mesh_terms: D001182:Arthroscopy; D001863:Bone Screws; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011859:Radiography