title: Effects of a single intratracheal administration of phenanthraquinone on murine lung.
abstract: Although several studies have reported that diesel exhaust particles (DEP) affect cardiorespiratory health in animals and humans, the responsible components in DEP for the effects remain to be defined. Diesel exhaust particles contain quinones that can catalyse the generation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in the induction of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can correlate with a variety of diseases and health effects. In the present study, we investigated the effects of phenanthraquinone--a relatively abundant quinone in DEP--on lung inflammation and the local expression of cytokine proteins in mice as a measure of oxidative damage. The animals were randomized into two experimental groups that received vehicle or phenanthraquinone by intratracheal instillation. The cellular profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and local expression of cytokines were evaluated 24 and 48 h after the instillation. Phenanthraquinone challenge revealed an increase in the numbers of neutrophils and eosinophils in BALF as compared to vehicle challenge (P < 0.05 at 48 h post-instillation). Phenanthraquinone induced the lung expression of interleukin (IL)-5 and eotaxin 48 h and 24 h after the challenge, respectively. These results indicate that intratracheal exposure to phenanthraquinone induces recruitment of inflammatory cells, at least partly, through the local expression of IL-5 and eotaxin.
authors.affiliation: Major of Human Care Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiyoshi
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Ken-ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Takamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomura
authors.forename: Arthur K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Froines
authors.forename: Yoshito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumagai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: C515457:Ccl11 protein, mouse; D054413:Chemokine CCL11; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D015848:Interleukin-5; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D001335:Vehicle Emissions