title: Comparison of image analysis software packages in the assessment of adhesion of microorganisms to mucosal epithelium using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
abstract: We have compared current image analysis software packages in order to find the most useful one for assessing microbial adhesion and inhibition of adhesion to tissue sections. We have used organisms of different sizes, the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and the yeast Candida albicans. Adhesion of FITC-labelled H. pylori and C. albicans was assessed by confocal microscopy. Four different Image analysis software packages, NIH-Image, IP Lab, Image Pro+, and Metamorph, were compared for their ability to quantify adhesion of the two organisms and several quantification methods were devised for each package. For both organisms, the dynamic range that could be detected by the software packages was 1x10(6)-1x10(9) cells/ml. Of the four software packages tested, our results showed that Metamorph software, using our 'Region of Interest' method, with the software's 'Standard Area Method' of counting, was the most suitable for quantifying adhesion of both organisms because of its unique ability to separate clumps of microbial cells. Moreover, fewer steps were required. By pre-incubating H. pylori with the glycoconjugate Lewis b-HSA, an inhibition of binding of 48.8% was achieved using 250 mug/ml Lewis b-HSA. The method we have devised using Metamorph software, provides a simple, quick and accurate way of quantifying adhesion and inhibition of adhesion of microbial cells to the epithelial surface of tissue sections. The method can be applied to organisms ranging in size from small bacteria to larger yeast cells.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Infectious Diseases and International Health, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, The Windeyer Building, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK. rachelomahony@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.forename: Christelle
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Basset
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holton
authors.forename: Dino
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaira
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roitt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000502:physiology*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D051381:Rats; D012984:Software / Q000592:standards; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*