SCR performance on a hydrogen reformer furnace.
In late 1993, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. began operating a new steam-methane reformer at the Tosco Refining Co.'s Avon refinery in Martinez, CA, to provide hydrogen and steam to the refinery under a long-term supply agreement. The hydrogen plant--owned, operated, and maintained by Air Products--includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit on the reformer-furnace flue gas for environmental control. SCR is a commercially proven process capable of abating emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) to extremely low levels; however, documented experience in a refinery setting has been limited. This paper discusses performance of the SCR, primarily during its first two years of operation; it incorporates theory and prior research findings sufficient to understand the relationship between key system variables and SCR performance. Test results demonstrate that NOx, ammonia (NH3) slip, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are in compliance with permit limits. NOx removal efficiency is nearly linear with the inlet NH3:NOx molar ratio up to almost 90% NOx conversion, where ammonia slip begins to rise steeply. The stoichiometric reaction ratio of NH3 to NOx is close to the theoretical 1.0. Catalyst life is estimated at four years, in line with published figures for SCR catalysts in clean-gas service.
Kunz
R G
RG
Environmental, Health and Safety Department, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pennsylvania 18195-1501, USA.
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D002384:Catalysis; D003625:Data Collection; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D007221:Industry; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000032:analysis; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D000641:Ammonia; D006859:Hydrogen