title: Impact of sublethal doses of 2,4-D, simulating drift, on tomato yield.
abstract: Tomato is considered one of the most sensitive crops regarding 2,4-D drift. In many cases, such susceptibility has led to important restrictions in the use of 2,4-D based products. Field experiments were carried out for two consecutive years in tomato, by applying sublethal doses of 2,4-D (ranging from 0.42 to 13.44 g a.i. ha(-1)) directly to plants, at different stages of growth, as a simulation of eventual drifts to the crop. The range of rates was based on the assumption of a 0.0625-2.0% drift level of a 1 L ha(-1) of the most common formulated herbicides. For this crop, the range of rates between 0.42 and 13.44 g a.i ha(-1) applied at the beginning of flowering caused a linear crop reduction. On the other hand, rates < or = 13.44 g a.i. ha(-1) applied after full development of fourth truss stage or latter had no effect on crop yield or development. For tomato, tolerance to 2,4-D strongly increases with plant age.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: Júlio Roberto
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fagliari
authors.forename: Rubem Silvério
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Constantin
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D000383:Agriculture; D018533:Biomass; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000254:growth & development*; D010571:Pest Control
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid