title: Sensitization of mesenteric afferents to chemical and mechanical stimuli following systemic bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanisms underlying endotoxin-induced hyperalgesia remain unknown. We aimed to study the mechanisms underlying the sensitizing action of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on intestinal afferent responses to mechanical and chemical stimuli.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extracellular recordings of jejunal afferent nerve discharge were obtained from pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rats.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lipopolysaccharide (6 mg kg(-1), i.v.) stimulated a short-term, transient (<30 min) increase in chemosensitivity to systemic 5-HT (6 microg kg(-1)) and responses to mechanical distension and a delayed but maintained (>30 min) increase in spontaneous afferent discharge. Naproxen (10 mg kg(-1)) and the prostaglandin receptor antagonist AH6809 (1 mg kg(-1)) significantly attenuated both the short-term sensitization to mechanical distension and 5-HT and the long-term increase in baseline afferent firing following LPS. In contrast, the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (15 mg kg(-1)) and the L-type calcium channel antagonist nifedipine (1 mg kg(-1)) both prolonged the period of afferent sensitization to distension and 5-HT without influencing the augmented baseline-firing rate. omega-Conotoxin GVIA attenuated the increase in afferent discharge to LPS, without any change in mechano- and chemosensitivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term (>30 min) increase in afferent firing following systemic LPS involves neurogenic release of prostanoids. The short-term (<30 min) sensitization also appears to depend on prostanoid release, while nitric oxide production may serve to down-regulate LPS-induced afferent hypersensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: C-Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grundy
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kreis
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006146:Guanidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation*; D009288:Naproxen / Q000494:pharmacology; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D012701:Serotonin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D044004:Xanthones / Q000494:pharmacology; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D006146:Guanidines; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D011448:Prostaglandin Antagonists; D011453:Prostaglandins; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D044004:Xanthones; D012701:Serotonin; C053876:6-isopropoxy-9-oxoxanthene-2-carboxylic acid; D009288:Naproxen; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; D009543:Nifedipine; C004479:pimagedine