title: A prospective evaluation of efficacy and compliance with a multistep treatment approach for erectile dysfunction in patients after non-nerve sparing radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the response rate to different erectile aids in a consecutive series of patients treated with non-nerve sparing radical prostatectomy (NNSRP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four potent men were counselled about the different treatment options to restore an assisted erection before they had NNSRP. They were invited to participate in a multiphase protocol involving the sequential use of different erectile aids which aimed at restoring erectile function after surgery. The first proposed treatment was oral apomorphine sublingual. Patients with a positive response to the 1-item overall efficacy question and a minimum score of 3 in both question 3 and 4 of the International Index of Erectile Function were considered responders to oral pharmacotherapy. Treatment with sildenafil was then suggested to those not responding. If patients did not respond to oral pharmacotherapy a trial with a vacuum erectile device was offered; those not responding to this were then offered intracavernosal injection therapy with prostaglandin-E alone as the first option, followed by a mixture of vasoactive agents if needed. In those in whom injections also failed, a penile implant was recommended. At the 1-year follow-up visit all patients were offered a second trial with oral therapy regardless of the treatment currently in use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-six patients entered the protocol; there was no response to apomorphine. Five of 59 (8%) patients responded to sildenafil when they first used it at a mean of 7 months after NNSRP, while there were three additional responders in 22 patients who tried it for a second time a year later. Of patients achieving at least a complete tumescence sufficient for vaginal penetration, 52% and 60% were considered responders to the vacuum device and intracavernosal injections, respectively. Overall, 44% of patients enrolled in the protocol chose to use an erectile aid for at-home use. At the 1-year follow-up, only 20% of patients were still using an erectile aid, including two who had had a penile implant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Up to 10% of patients may achieve a clinically significant erection with sildenafil after NNSRP, but 80% will not be using any erectile aid at 1 year after surgery. In the present study protocol the proposed erectile aids were largely inadequate for treating the permanent erectile dysfunction that follows NNSRP.
authors.affiliation: Clinica Urologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. gontero@med.unipmn.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gontero
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zitella
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Montorsi
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Frea
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001058:Apomorphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D015917:Penile Prosthesis; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D011687:Purines; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D013450:Sulfones; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014618:Vacuum; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; D011458:Prostaglandins E; D011687:Purines; D013450:Sulfones; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000068677:Sildenafil Citrate; D001058:Apomorphine