title: Bioanalysis of drugs by liquid-phase microextraction coupled to separation techniques.
abstract: The demand for automation of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in drug analysis combined with the demand for reduced sample preparation time has led to the recent development of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) based on disposable hollow fibres. In LPME, target drugs are extracted from aqueous biological samples, through a thin layer of organic solvent immobilised within the pores of the wall of a porous hollow fibre, and into an microl volume of acceptor solution inside the lumen of the hollow fibre. After extraction, the acceptor solution is subjected directly to a final analysis either by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), mass spectrometry (MS), or capillary gas chromatography (GC) without any further treatments. Hollow fibre-based LPME may provide high enrichment of drugs and excellent sample clean-up, and probably has a broad application potential within the area of drug analysis. This review focuses on the principle of LPME, and recent applications of three-phase, two-phase, and carrier mediated LPME of drugs from plasma, whole blood, urine, and breast milk.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway. stig.pedersen-bjergaard@farmasi.uio.no
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pedersen-Bjergaard
authors.forename: Knut Einar
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
mesh_terms: D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations