title: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the rat spinal cord: lesion detection with high-resolution MR microscopy at 17.6 T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS and an animal model of multiple sclerosis. We used high-field MR microscopy at 17.6 T to image spinal cord inflammatory lesions in the acute stage of chronic relapsing rat EAE. We sought to compare lesions detected on MR imaging with histopathologic findings and to quantify the inflammatory lesion load.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imaging of fixed spinal cord specimens was performed by using a 3D gradient-echo sequence with a spatial resolution of 35 x 35 x 58 microm3 and a total imaging time of 5.5 hours. Histopathologic analysis was performed by staining axial sections with hematoxylin-eosin or Luxol fast blue to identify cellular infiltration and demyelination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical signs of EAE occurred on days 10-14 after immunization. On day 22, healthy white matter and gray matter were differentiated by high contrast on T2*-weighted images, with white matter lesions appearing as hyperintense areas in the normal-appearing white matter. Inflammatory lesions identified on histopathologic evaluation were readily detected with MR imaging and vice versa. MR imaging and histopathologic analysis had excellent correlation regarding the extent of white matter lesions. Inflammatory infiltrates of gray matter were not detectable with MR imaging. Using a semiautomatic segmentation of the acquired MR data, we could quantify white matter lesion load.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ex vivo high-resolution MR microscopy of the spinal cord at 17.6 T allows rapid and highly accurate determination of CNS inflammation by demonstrating virtually all histologically detectable white matter inflammatory lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinbrecher
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neuberger
authors.forename: André M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Xiomara
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Pedré
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giegerich
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bogdahn
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jakob
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haase
authors.forename: Cornelius
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Faber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008853:Microscopy; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000473:pathology*