title: Reducing the ingress of urban noise through natural ventilation openings.
abstract: For buildings in busy urban areas affected by high levels of road traffic noise the potential to use natural ventilation can be limited by excessive noise entering through ventilation openings. This paper is concerned with techniques to reduce noise ingress into naturally ventilated buildings while minimizing airflow path resistance. A combined experimental and theoretical approach to the interaction of airflow and sound transmission through ventilators for natural ventilation applications is described. A key element of the investigation has been the development of testing facilities capable of measuring the airflow and sound transmission losses for a range of ventilation noise control strategies. It is demonstrated that a combination of sound reduction mechanisms -- one covering low frequency sound and another covering high frequency sound -- is required to attenuate effectively noise from typical urban sources. A method is proposed for quantifying the acoustic performance of different strategies to enable comparisons and informed decisions to be made leading to the possibility of a design methodology for optimizing the ventilation and acoustic performance of different strategies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The need for employing techniques for combating low frequency sound in tandem with techniques for reducing high frequency sound in reducing the ingress of noise from urban sources such as road traffic to acceptable levels is demonstrated. A technique is proposed for enabling the acoustic and airflow performance of apertures for natural ventilation systems to be designed simultaneously.
authors.affiliation: Acoustics Research Unit, School of Architecture and Building Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. djoldham@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Oldham
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: de Salis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sharples
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D001336:Automobiles; D002947:Cities; D005160:Facility Design and Construction; D006801:Humans; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009622:Noise / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016272:Occupational Health; D014691:Ventilation