title: Viral and bacterial pathogens in bovine respiratory disease in Finland.
abstract: Pathogens causing bovine respiratory tract disease in Finland were investigated. Eighteen cattle herds with bovine respiratory disease were included. Five diseased calves from each farm were chosen for closer examination and tracheobronchial lavage. Blood samples were taken from the calves at the time of the investigation and from 86 calves 3-4 weeks later. In addition, 6-10 blood samples from animals of different ages were collected from each herd, resulting in 169 samples. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to bovine parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine coronavirus (BCV), bovine adenovirus-3 (BAV-3) and bovine adenovirus-7 (BAV-7). About one third of the samples were also tested for antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) with negative results. Bacteria were cultured from lavage fluid and in vitro susceptibility to selected antimicrobials was tested. According to serological findings, PIV-3, BAV-7, BAV-3, BCV and BRSV are common pathogens in Finnish cattle with respiratory problems. A titre rise especially for BAV-7 and BAV-3, the dual growth of Mycoplasma dispar and Pasteurella multocida, were typical findings in diseased calves. Pasteurella sp. strains showed no resistance to tested antimicrobials. Mycoplasma bovis and Mannheimia haemolytica were not found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. heidi.hartel@lso.fi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Härtel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nikunen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Neuvonen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tanskanen
authors.forename: S-L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Kivelä
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aho
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soveri
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saloniemi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000821:virology; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral