title: Induction of C/EBP beta and GADD153 expression by dopamine in human neuroblastoma cells. Relationship with alpha-synuclein increase and cell damage.
abstract: Expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBP beta) and growth-arrest DNA damage-inducible 153/C/EBP beta homology protein (GADD153/CHOP) increased after incubation of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells with a range of dopamine concentrations. Dopamine (100 microM) caused an increase in C/EBP beta expression between 2 and 12 h of treatment, with no evident intracellular morphological changes. Dopamine (500 microM) led to the appearance of autophagic-like vacuoles and a marked increase in GADD153/CHOP between 6 and 24 h of treatment. The expression of alpha-synuclein, the main protein of Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease and other neurological disorders, increased with a profile similar to C/EBP beta. In addition, overexpression of C/EBP beta caused a concomitant increase in the expression of alpha-synuclein but not of GADD153. In contrast, the overexpression of GADD153 did not alter the expression of alpha-synuclein. Inhibition of JNK by SP600125 reduced increases in C/EBP beta and alpha-synuclein expression, whereas inhibition of both JNK and p38MAPK (with SB203580) blocked the increase in GADD153 expression. We conclude that dopamine, through a mechanism driven by stress-activated MAPKs, triggers C/EBP beta and GADD153 expression in a dose-dependent way. Given that the promoter region of the alpha-synuclein gene contains distinct zones that are susceptible to regulation by C/EBP beta, this factor could be involved in the increased expression of alpha-synuclein after dopamine-induced cell stress. GADD153 increase seems to be related with the endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and cell death observed at high dopamine concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Centro Nacional de Investigación de Enfermedades Neurológicas, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gómez-Santos
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barrachina
authors.forename: Pol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giménez-Xavier
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dalfó
authors.forename: Isidre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ambrosio
mesh_terms: D000588:Amines / Q000378:metabolism; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002232:Carbocyanines / Q000378:metabolism; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D051843:Synucleins; D013997:Time Factors; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D051844:alpha-Synuclein
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D022782:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D002232:Carbocyanines; C497249:DDIT3 protein, human; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C493330:Red DND-99; C497604:SNCA protein, human; D051843:Synucleins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D051742:Transcription Factor CHOP; C068624:5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine; D004298:Dopamine