title: Analysis of the expression of some stress induced genes in several commercial wine yeast strains at the beginning of vinification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  During fermentation yeast cells should cope with stress conditions. We pursue a better understanding of the stress response in wine yeasts at the beginning of vinification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We analyse by means of quantitative PCR the expression of several stress induced genes in 24 efficient commercial wine yeast strains at the beginning of vinifications performed under standard conditions or with small variations in pH and temperature. In all cases, high levels (with differences among strains) of GPD1 mRNA but quite low expression of other stress genes (TRX2, HSP104 and SSA3) were found. For all these genes, mRNA levels increase as temperature decreases or pH increases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Important levels of expression of GPD1 (but not of other stress genes) are required during the first hours of vinification, because of the need for glycerol production to counteract the hyperosmotic stress at this point. The differences among strains suggest that certain level of expression is enough to ensure the continuity of the process. Variations in the pH and temperature of the vinification can affect gene expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A common pattern of stress response between efficient wine strains exists, which could be used as a criterion for selection. Studies of this kind can allow the establishment of connections between gene expression and physiological traits.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zuzuarregui
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Carrasco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Julien
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: del Olmo
mesh_terms: D005285:Fermentation; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007218:Industrial Microbiology; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013696:Temperature; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D012313:RNA