title: Altered messenger RNA and protein expressions for insulin-like growth factor family members in clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present paper was to describe the pattern of expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and its regulatory binding proteins (IGFBP) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expressions of mRNA and protein for various IGF members were assessed in 24 paired normal and malignant human renal tissues (16 clear cell and 8 papillary RCC) using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Paired tissue samples were also obtained from six patients with oncocytoma in order to compare the specificity of changes in IGF/IGFBP expression between tumors derived from proximal (RCC) and distal (oncocytoma) tubular epithelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clear cell RCC were characterized by significant increases in the mRNA expression of IGF-I, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-6 while papillary RCC exhibited down-regulated expression of IGF-I, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5. The IGFBP-2, IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-5 mRNA were down-regulated in oncocytomas. Semiquantitative assessment of immunohistochemical staining demonstrated significant increases in epithelial associated IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in clear cell RCC, increased IGFBP-5 protein in papillary RCC and no significant changes in IGF/IGFBP protein expression in oncocytoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of IGF-I and certain IGFBP is significantly altered in RCC compared with normal renal tissue and oncocytomas. This altered expression is differentially regulated according to the histologic subtype of RCC, and suggests that the IGF/IGFBP axis may play an important role in determining the malignant phenotype of RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vesey
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cotterill
authors.forename: Meaghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Glenda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gobe
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nicol
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018249:Adenoma, Oxyphilic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018969:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I