title: The accuracy of estimating the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles - the effect of appraisers.
abstract: The effect of the appraisers on the estimation of the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles was investigated. Nine appraisers, four experienced and five inexperienced, estimated the total thermal insulation by summing the values for individual garments. Lists of individual garments worn by workers were given during thermal comfort measurements carried out in shops and stores during one winter and summer. The beginners estimated the thermal insulation as accurately as the experienced appraisers. There were, however, great individual differences, for which three main reasons were found. Interpolation between the insulation provided by two garments was insufficient, and the insulation of these garments should be checked in more precise tables. Classification of the garments into heavy, medium and light clothing items was not adequate, and garments not listed by the workers confused the estimation given by different appraisers. The effect of error in thermal insulation on the PMV index is negligible if more than one appraiser estimates the thermal insulation and the mean of the estimates is used.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kähkönen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nykyri
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tammela
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ilmarinen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seppälä