title: In vivo retroviral mediated gene transfer into bladder urothelium results in preferential transduction of tumoral cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Superficial bladder tumours are at high risk for recurrence, relapse after resection, escape to intravesical immunotherapy and they may become invasive. New therapeutics are therefore needed to achieve cure. Thus, gene therapy is an attractive new treatment modality for malignant bladder tumours. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the efficiency of retroviral mediated reporter gene transfer into malignant urothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the feasibility of the transfection of bladder tumour with direct intravesical instillation of a defective retrovirus. The vector was derived from LXSN. The efficiency of transduction with the Moloney Leukaemia Murine virus-based vector, amphotrophic retroviral vector, was monitored through the expression of two marker genes (nls-LacZ and NeoR). The canine animal was chosen since it can present with spontaneous bladder carcinomas mimicking human pathology. Primary cultures of two normal canine bladder urothelium and two canine primary bladder tumours were first studied. We then investigated in vivo, in two normal and two spontaneous tumour bearing dogs, the transduction of urothelial cells following direct intravesical instillation of 2.10(4) to 3.10(6) of the retroviral vector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transduced cells were evidenced in all primary cultures of canine normal urothelium and transitional cell carcinoma. Bladder biopsies from sound dogs instilled with the viral solution showed long lasting transduction up to 60 days long. Bladder cryosections from tumour-bearing dogs displayed transduction of superficial layers of urothelial cancer cells without passing through lamina propria. In vivo transduction was evidenced in 1 to 15% (mean 5%) of the cells in the tumours and preferentially addressed malignant cells. Normal epithelium either originating from sound or tumour-bearing animals was not transduced.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of in vivo retroviral transduction of bladder cancer using a clinically relevant procedure.
authors.affiliation: Ecole Normale Supérieure de Cachan and Department of Oncology, Saint Louis Hospital, University Paris 7, Paris, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dumey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mongiat-Artus
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devauchelle
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesourd
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cotard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Duc
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cussenot
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cohen-Haguenauer
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000818:Animals; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic / Q000379:methods; D001743:Urinary Bladder; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D019459:Urothelium