title: S100A8 chemotactic protein is abundantly increased, but only a minor contributor to LPS-induced, steroid resistant neutrophilic lung inflammation in vivo.
abstract: Neutrophilic lung inflammation is an essential component of host defense against diverse eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens, but in chronic inflammatory lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), severe asthma, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiolitis, it may damage the host. Glucocorticosteroids are widely used in these conditions and in their infectious exacerbations; however, the clinical efficacy of steroids is disputed. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to identify molecules contributing to neutrophilic inflammation induced by transnasal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that were also resistant to the potent glucocorticosteroid dexamethasone (Dex). We confirmed that Dex was biologically active at both the transcript (suppression of GM-CSF and TNFalphatranscripts) and protein levels (induction of lipocortin) and used 2D-PAGE/MALDI-TOF to generate global expression profiles, identifying six LPS-induced proteins that were Dex resistant. Of these, S100A8, a candidate neutrophil chemotactic factor, was profiled in detail. Steroid refractory S100A8 expression was highly abundant, transcriptionally regulated, secreted into lung lavage fluid and immunohistochemically localized to tissue infiltrating neutrophils. However, in marked contrast to other vascular beds, neutralizing antibodies to S100A8 had only a weak anti-neutrophil recruitment effect and antibodies against the related S100A9 were ineffective. These data highlight the need for extensive in vivo profiling of proteomically identified candidate molecules and demonstrates that S100A8, despite its abundance, resistance to steroids and known chemotactic activity, is unlikely to be an important determinant of LPS-induced neutrophilic lung inflammation in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Lung Disease Research Group, Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010 VIC Australia.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozinovski
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vlahos
authors.forename: Jessica E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hsuu
authors.forename: Philippe A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Carolyn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Geczy
authors.forename: Gary P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D040501:Calgranulin A; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004351:Drug Resistance; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009504:Neutrophils; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D040901:Proteomics; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D040501:Calgranulin A; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020543:Proteome; D009418:S100 Proteins; C086145:S100a8 protein, mouse; D003907:Dexamethasone