title: Long-term effect of acetazolamide treatment of patients with uveitic chronic cystoid macular edema is limited by persisting inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term effect of acetazolamide treatment on patients with cystoid macular edema (CME) in the course of intermediate or posterior chronic uveitis and to define those patients who may particularly benefit from the drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two eyes (45 patients) with chronic uveitic CME were treated with acetazolamide at an initial dosage of 500 mg/d. The effect of treatment was assessed by fluorescein angiography, ophthalmoscopy, visual acuity, and Amsler testing. Therapy was withdrawn when CME did not improve at 3 weeks. In cases with CME improvement, the dosage was gradually tapered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up was 3.1 years (minimum, 1.5 years). Two subgroups were identified: group 1, quiescence of uveitis with acetazolamide as the single therapeutic agent (33 eyes); and group 2, chronically active uveitis requiring additional systemic antiinflammatory drugs (19 eyes). In both groups, visual acuity improvement was statistically significant (group 1, P = 0.012; group 2, P = 0.025). In 12 patients with a stable visual acuity gain, the medication dose could be tapered off completely without any recurrent edema shown by fluorescein angiography after a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Sixteen patients required a maintenance dosage, ranging from 125 to 500 mg daily. No major adverse effects of the medication were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During long-term follow-up, low-dose acetazolamide can be a useful therapeutic option for chronic CME in uveitis. The effect was better in patients with quiescence of uveitis than in those with chronically active uveitis. Permanent therapy is not imperative in every case.
authors.affiliation: University Eye Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. harald.schilling@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schilling
authors.forename: Arnd
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heiligenhaus
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laube
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bornfeld
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jurklies
mesh_terms: D000086:Acetazolamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015867:Uveitis, Intermediate / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015866:Uveitis, Posterior / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014792:Visual Acuity
chemical_list: D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D000086:Acetazolamide