title: Expanding acute care nurse practitioner and clinical nurse specialist education: invasive procedure training and human simulation in critical care.
abstract: Programs educating advanced practice nurses (APNs), including acute care nurse practitioners (ACNPs) and clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) may struggle with the degree to which technical and cognitive skills necessary and unique to the care of critically ill patients should be incorporated within training programs, and the best ways these skills can be synthesized and retained for clinical practice. This article describes the critical care technical skills training mechanisms and use of a High-Fidelity Human Simulation (HFHS) Laboratory in the ACNP and CNS programs at the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing. The mechanisms for teaching invasive procedures are reviewed including an abbreviated course syllabus and documentation tools. The use of HFHS is discussed as a measure to provide students with technical and cognitive preparation to manage critical incidents. The HFHS Laboratory, scenario development and implementation, and the debriefing process are discussed. Critical care technical skills training and the use of simulation in the curriculum have had a favorable response from students and preceptors at the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, and have enhanced faculty's ability to prepare APNs.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. mhra@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hravnak
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuite
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baldisseri
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000451:nursing*; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003422:Critical Care; D003479:Curriculum; D004282:Documentation; D004511:Education, Nursing, Graduate / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008348:Manikins; D009720:Nurse Clinicians / Q000193:education* / Q000458:organization & administration; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000193:education* / Q000458:organization & administration; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D016544:Patient Simulation; D010414:Pennsylvania; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D016730:Program Development; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012570:School Admission Criteria; D013663:Teaching / Q000458:organization & administration; D014743:Videotape Recording