title: Prevalence and clinical manifestations of 22q11.2 microdeletion in adults with selected conotruncal anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the prevalence and clinical manifestations of 22q11.2 microdeletion in adults with selected conotruncal anomalies and to assess the clinician's ability to predict the presence or absence of 22q11.2 microdeletion on the basis of clinical features.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is known that 22q11.2 microdeletion is a chromosomal anomaly with cardiac and extracardiac manifestations. The prevalence and manifestations in adults have not been well characterized.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 103 consecutive adults with either tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), pulmonary atresia/ventricular septal defect (PA/VSD), or truncus arteriosus (TA) were prospectively screened for 22q11.2 microdeletion using a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay. Clinicians were asked to predict 22q11.2 microdeletion status on the basis of clinical features. A geneticist blinded to FISH assay results reviewed photographs of the patients for typical dysmorphic features of 22q11.2 microdeletion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six patients (prevalence 5.8%, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 10.3) had 22q11.2 microdeletion (3 with TOF, 2 with PA/VSD, 1 with TA). In two of these patients, the clinician incorrectly predicted absence of the deletion. In three, typical dysmorphic features of 22q11.2 microdeletion were absent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our work showed that 22q11.2 microdeletion is under-recognized in adults with congenital heart disease. The absence of typical phenotypic features makes it difficult to correctly predict if the deletion is present. Screening for 22q11.2 microdeletion should be considered in adults with high-risk cardiac lesions, as it has important implications in reproductive counseling and surveillance for associated extracardiac manifestations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. lbeauchesne@ottawaheart.ca
authors.forename: Luc M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Beauchesne
authors.forename: Carole A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Warnes
authors.forename: Heidi M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Naser M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ammash
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.forename: Syed M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jalal
authors.forename: Virginia V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Michels
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018633:Pulmonary Atresia / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D013577:Syndrome; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D014339:Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*