title: [Preparing oral dosage form of ketamine in the hospital for simplicity and patient compliance--preparations using agar].
abstract: Ketamine has been widely used in the operation as intravenous and intramuscular injections, since ketamine has dissociative anesthetic properties. When it is given in sub-anesthetic dose, ketamine is known to have an analgesic effect. The analgesic effect is observed for patients with neuropathic pain when administrated not only by injection but also orally. In Japan, since ketamine is not commercially available except injection forms, patients have to take it as solution of injections for the oral medication. Since the solution of injections has extremely bitter taste, patients intensely desire the development of preparations without the bitterness. In the present study, we prepared oral gel dosage forms of ketamine using agar. It is simple to prepare this dosage form, and most pharmacists can prepare it easily in many hospitals. This gel dosage form met content uniformity requirements and the shape of that was maintained intact during the dissolution test (for 10 hours). The release rate was reduced by additions of additives such as sugar and a flavor in the gel. The reason for the reduction in release could be the suppression of ketamine diffusion depended on the micro-viscosity of solution in the gel. The ketamine contents and the release profile of the gel preparations were unchanged at the room temperature for 12-week storage. The gel preparations in this study would be useful for the oral medication of ketamine, since it is easy for patients to carry them when they go out and the intensely bitter taste could be improved by the addition of a flavor.
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido College of Pharmacy, Otaru 047-0264, Japan. kaneuchi@hokuyakudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaneuchi
authors.forename: Naonori
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kohri
authors.forename: Kaname
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Senbongi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iseki
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004304:Dosage Forms; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D005782:Gels; D007649:Ketamine