title: Clinical versus computed tomography evaluation in the diagnosis and management of deep neck infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Deep neck infections have high potential for severe complications and even death, if not properly managed. The difference between clinical and computed tomography findings may demonstrate that clinical evaluation alone underestimates disease extent, which may lead to conservative treatment with worse prognosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare clinical and computed tomography findings from neck spaces affected by deep neck infections and to determine the main clinical and radiological features associated with these.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-randomized retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical charts of 65 patients with deep neck infections were evaluated. Age, gender, clinical complaints, physical findings, computed tomography scan and x-ray imaging, microbiology, treatment and outcome were analyzed. All clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated and stratified in order of frequency. The frequency of neck space involvement in such infections was also assessed from the clinical and tomographic evaluation. All clinical and computed tomography findings were compared with surgical observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent clinical findings were neck swelling, local pain, erythema and locally increased temperature. Physical evaluation showed that the most affected site was the submandibular triangle (49.2% of cases). However, computed tomography showed this to be the lateropharyngeal space (65% of cases) and that more than one deep cervical space was compromised in 90% of cases, as demonstrated by the extent of swelling and increased contrast signs in soft tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most frequent clinical symptoms of deep cervical infections were cervical pain, increased cervical volume and fever. The important signs seen via computed tomography were increased contrast in soft neck tissues and swelling. Such examination is the most important method for correct evaluation of cervical spaces involved in infection, and thus for correct surgical drainage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most frequent clinical findings were cervical mass, neck pain, local erythema and locally increased temperature. Computed tomography demonstrated that the lateropharyngeal space was the most affected neck space. More than one deep neck space was compromised in 90% of cases. Clinical evaluation underestimated the extent of deep neck infection in 70% of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Agricio Nubiato
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Crespo
authors.forename: Carlos Takahiro
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Chone
authors.forename: Adriano Santana
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fonseca
authors.forename: Maria Carolina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Montenegro
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: João Altemani
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Milani
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed