title: Lingual orthodontics: history, misconceptions and clarification.
abstract: Many frank misconceptions still exist surrounding the efficacy and clinical nature of lingual orthodontics, which were first introduced over 25 years ago in Japan and the United States. Despite early difficulties in the development of the technique, it has become a valid clinical option for patients in many parts of the world. Specific problems, for example concerning patient comfort and biomechanics, have been systematically solved over time. Continuing modification of clinical methods significantly increases options for clinicians and patients, especially adults who may be reluctant to accept traditional labial orthodontic appliances.
authors.affiliation: Surrey Street Medical Centre, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. paulandgraceling@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002484:Cementation; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D009656:North America; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design / Q000266:history; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000266:history; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation*