title: Survival of the probiotic, L. plantarum 299v and its effects on the faecal bacterial flora, with and without gastric acid inhibition.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Probiotic bacteria have to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract. In this placebo-controlled double-blind study, the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the faecal flora was studied with and without gastric acid inhibition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two healthy volunteers were given pantoprazole (40 mg/day) or placebo for 3 weeks from week 2 until week 4. In addition, from week 3 until week 4, L. plantarum 299v in an oatmeal-fermented drink (10(9) CFU/ml) was given twice daily to both groups. From each healthy volunteer, faecal samples were collected at the end of week 1, 2, 4 and 8 (4 weeks after cessation of L. plantarum 299v and pantoprazole/placebo). Several aerobically and anaerobically growing bacteria were counted and short chain fatty acid concentrations were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both the pantoprazole and the placebo group, median lactobacilli counts increased significantly in week 4 compared to week 1 (from log 4.5 to 8.0 CFU/g faeces in pantoprazole and from log 4.2 to 7.7 CFU/g faeces in placebo group) and decreased significantly in week 8 (to log 4.5 CFU/g faeces in pantoprazole and log 4.3 CFU/g faeces in placebo group). These lactobacilli were identified as L. plantarum 299v. No significant differences were observed in all other bacterial counts and short chain fatty acid concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comparable increase of faecal lactobacilli counts in both the pantoprazole and the placebo-treated group demonstrates that L. plantarum 299v survives passage through the gastrointestinal tract irrespective of gastric acidity. The increment of the intra-gastric pH in combination with L. plantarum 299v did not modulate bacterial composition and/or the production of short chain fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Maastricht, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands. Dominique.Gossens@intmed.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goossens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jonkers
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Russel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thijs
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van den Bogaard
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stobberingh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stockbrügger
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000328:Adult; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013270:Stomach / Q000737:chemistry*; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D005227:Fatty Acids; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013454:Sulfoxides; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole