title: The impact of a successful anti-myxosporean treatment on the phagocyte functions of juvenile and adult Sparus aurata L.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a successful anti-myxosporean medication on the innate immune system of fish intensively cultured in the Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, juvenile and adult gilthead seabream (S. aurata L.) naturally infected with Polysporoplasma sparis in the kidney were used in a small-scale field trial. The infected fish were treated orally with the combination of salinomycin and amprolium, two drugs well known for their anti-coccidial effect in other animals. Drug efficacy and safety was evaluated in terms of changes observed in histopathology, mortality and P. sparis intensity and prevalence rate. Phagocytic functions of head-kidney leucocytes were also investigated at the end as well as one month post the medication. Salinomycin with amprolium exhibited a significant reduction in intensity and prevalence rate in both juvenile and adult fish, and no histopathological evidence for toxic side effects was observed. In addition, the successful treatment was closely correlated with a complete restoration of the diminished phagocytic ability and capacity as well as NO, and lysozyme secretion in a time dependent manner. This data suggests that salilomycin with amprolium can be an alternative treatment for myxosporean infections in tropical fish, possibly exhibiting their action through the enhancement of host innate functions.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute Pasteur Hellenique, Athens, Greece. ekaragouni@mail.pasteur.gr
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karagouni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Athanassopoulou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsagozis
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ralli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moustakareas
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lytra
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dotsika
mesh_terms: D000670:Amprolium / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D016798:Ciliophora; D003049:Coccidiostats / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004032:Diet; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D007668:Kidney / Q000382:microbiology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009113:Muramidase / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D010473:Perciformes / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D011714:Pyrans / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides
chemical_list: D000670:Amprolium; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003049:Coccidiostats; D009113:Muramidase; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011714:Pyrans; C010327:salinomycin; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides