title: Genomic imprinting of IGF2 is maintained in infantile hemangioma despite its high level of expression.
abstract: Hemangioma, the most common tumor of infancy, is characterized by rapid growth and slow regression. Increased mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has been detected in the proliferating phase by cDNA microarray analysis, but the underlying mechanism causing the increase remains unknown. Here, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry, we show that IGF2 is highly expressed in both proliferating and involuting phase hemangioma, but is not detectable in other vascular lesions such as pyogenic granuloma, venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, or in normal infant skin. Loss of imprinting of the Igf2 gene has been associated with IGF2 overexpression in a variety of childhood tumors. To determine if loss of imprinting and consequent bi-allelic expression might contribute to the increased expression of IGF2, we examined the genomic imprinting status of Igf2 in 48 individual hemangiomas. We determined allele-specific Igf2 expression using reverse transcriptase-PCR combined with analysis of an Apa I-sensitive restriction fragment length polymorphism. Similar to heterozygous normal skin controls, all 15 informative hemangiomas showed uniform mono-allelic expression of Igf2. Therefore, loss of imprinting is not involved in the increased expression of IGF2 in infantile hemangioma.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wylie-Sears
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boscolo
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mulliken
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bischoff
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D018392:Genomic Imprinting / Q000235:genetics*; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D021381:Protein Transport; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2