title: Antisense oligonucleotides in the treatment of bladder cancer.
abstract: This review examines the role that antisense oligonucleotides play in the treatment of superficial and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The unique environment of the urinary bladder allows intravesical instillation of antisense oligonucleotides, and researchers have already demonstrated uptake of antisense oligonucleotides in models of bladder cancer. Second, proof of principle has been established by demonstrating downregulation of the antisense target mRNA and protein. Third, and most importantly from a therapeutic perspective, synergy between chemotherapy and antisense oligonucleotides has been shown in bladder cancer models in vitro and in vivo. The collective evidence points to a role for antisense oligonucleotides in the treatment of superficial and muscle-invasive bladder cancer in combination with existing treatment modalities.
authors.affiliation: Queen's University Belfast, Uro-oncology Group, Institute of Pathology, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BN, Northern Ireland. aglackin@doctors.org.uk.
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Glackin
authors.forename: Sam B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Samuel R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: Kate E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000818:Animals; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense