title: Chronic hepatitis B infection: long term comparison of children receiving interferon alpha and untreated controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the virological outcome of chronic hepatitis B (CH-B) in children who received interferon alpha (IFN) compared with no treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four children with CH-B (median age, 6.1 years; 44 boys) selected from a cohort of 158 cases were included and divided into two groups: IFN-treated (n = 37) and control (n = 37). The controls were matched with the treated children by baseline alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, sex and age. The Kaplan-Meier method was performed to estimate the time to clearance of hepatitis B e antigen (HbeAg) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean duration of follow-up was comparable in two groups (5.2 +/- 3.8 years in treatment group versus 5.2 +/- 3.7 years in control group, NS). HBeAg and HBsAg loss occurred in 20 (54.1%) and three treated children versus 13 (35.1%) and one untreated children (NS), respectively. The 7-year cumulative HBeAg and HBsAg clearance rates were 47.5% and 8.9% after the first visit in the treatment group versus 33.5% and 4.0% in untreated children (NS), respectively. Elevated baseline ALT (two times upper limit of normal) had a significant effect on the long-term cumulative rate of HBeAg seroconversion in treated patients (P = 0.01) but not in the untreated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings show that the overall long-term virological outcome does not differ significantly between IFN-treated and untreated children but that a significant benefit of treatment on the long term rate of HBeAg seroconversion is obtained in children with higher baseline ALT levels.
authors.affiliation: Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques Saint-Luc, Département de Pédiatrie, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Hanh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vo Thi Diem
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bourgois
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bontems
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goyens
authors.forename: Jean Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Buts
authors.forename: Fabienne
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nackers
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tonglet
authors.forename: Etienne Marc
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sokal
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D006513:Hepatitis B e Antigens; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D000410:Alanine Transaminase