title: Knockdown of glucocorticoid receptor expression by RNA interference promotes cell proliferation in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells.
abstract: It is well documented that glucocorticoids (GC) promote arrest in the G1-S transition of the cell cycle in many cell types, resulting in a decrease in proliferation. However, the relationship between glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the cell-cycle regulation remains unclear. Suppression of GR is important for exploring GR dependent processes. This study applied RNA interference targeting GR to the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Transient transfection of the GR-siRNA expression vector reduced GR synthesis as measured on mRNA and protein level by RT-PCR and Western blot. GR-siRNA also depressesed GR transcriptional activity. A cell line [RAW-(GR-)] stably transfected with GR-siRNA expression vector was then established, the decreased GR level in this cell line was confirmed by Western blot. MTT assay showed RAW-(GR-) cells grew faster than control cells, which indicated that knockdown of GR promoted cell proliferation in macrophages. Further studies showed decreased p27 expression, increased PKC-alpha expression and enhanced basal and LPS-induced NF-kappaB activity in RAW-(GR-) cells as compared to the RAW-control cells. In contrast, virtually no change in p21, ERK1/2 and p38 expression was detected. In conclusion, these results indicate that GR itself is an inhibitor of cell proliferation in RAW264.7 cell line. This effect may be associated with the decreased expression of p27, the increased expression of PKC-alpha, and the activation of NF-kappaB. As all the experiments are carried out in GC free or serum-free medium, this study also shows the possibility for GR to have some constitutive functions, which are independent on GC activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China. zhuxiaoyan771101@sohu.com
authors.forename: Xiao-Yan
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yu-Jian
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ren-Bao
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha; D034622:RNA Interference; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; C493961:Cdkn1b protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; C496630:Prkca protein, mouse; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha