title: The effect of shock resuscitation fluids on apoptosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent data suggest that the type of resuscitation fluid used to treat hemorrhagic shock contributes to cellular dysfunction
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were hemorrhaged, exposed to a hypovolemic shock period for 75 minutes, and then resuscitated for 1 hour. Treatment animals were assigned randomly to lactate Ringer's solution, normal saline solution, bicarbonate Ringer's solution, hypertonic saline solution, rat plasma solution, ketone Ringer's solution, or nonresuscitation. After resuscitation, lung and liver samples were collected and evaluated for apoptosis by using ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonresuscitated shock rats had significantly higher levels of apoptosis in lung and liver. Rats treated with normal saline solution, bicarbonate Ringer's solution, ketone Ringer's solution, and hypertonic saline solution had significantly lower levels of apoptosis in lung compared with nonresuscitated animals. Rats treated with bicarbonate Ringer's solution and ketone Ringer's solution had significantly lower levels of apoptosis in liver tissue when compared with nonresuscitated animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cellular damage results from hemorrhagic shock. The use of resuscitation fluids decreases apoptosis during shock.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Institute of UNSOM, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 2040 W. Charleston Blvd., Ste. 501, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA. gbrown@nvtrauma.com
authors.forename: G Tom
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Shires
authors.forename: Leslie K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Browder
authors.forename: Trina P V
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Steljes
authors.forename: Shelley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Browder
authors.forename: Annabel E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Barber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012151:Resuscitation; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D012771:Shock, Hemorrhagic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D000077331:Ringer's Solution