title: Childhood predictors of future psychiatric morbidity in offspring of mothers with psychotic disorder: results from the Helsinki High-Risk Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Helsinki High-Risk Study monitors women treated for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in Helsinki mental hospitals before 1975, their offspring, and controls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the development of high-risk and control group children, and investigate which factors predicted future psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined information from childhood and school health record cards of 159 high-risk and 99 control group offspring. Logistic regression was used to assess whether developmental abnormalities predicted later mental disorders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with controls, children in the high-risk group had more emotional symptoms before school age, attentional problems and social inhibition at school age, and neurological soft signs throughout. In this group pre-school social adjustment problems (OR=9.7, 95% CI 1.8-51.8) or severe neurological symptoms (Fisher's test, P=0.006) predicted future schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. Social adjustment problems and emotional symptoms during school age predicted future non-psychotic psychiatric disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study supports the validity of neurological, emotional, social and behavioural markers as vulnerability indicators of psychotic and other mental disorders, particularly among children genetically at high risk of psychosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. laura.niemi@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Lauri T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Niemi
authors.forename: Jaana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Suvisaari
authors.forename: Jari K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Haukka
authors.forename: Jouko K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lönnqvist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D011618:Psychotic Disorders; D012559:Schizophrenia