title: The impact of deep sternal wound infection on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the impact of deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) on long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  DSWI following CABG is an infrequent, yet devastating complication with increased morbidity and mortality. However, little has been published regarding the impact of DSWI on long-term mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 3,760 consecutive patients who underwent isolated CABG between 1992 and 2002. Patients with CABG and no DSWI were compared with those in whom DSWI developed. Long-term survival data (mean follow-up, 5.2 years) were obtained from the National Death Index. Groups were compared by Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier survival plots. The propensity for DSWI was determined by logistic regression analysis, and each patient with DSWI was then matched to 10 patients without DSWI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DSWI developed in 40 of 3,760 patients (1.1%). Independent predictors for DSWI were diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 11.6; p < 0.001), hemodynamic instability preoperatively (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 13.9; p = 0.026), preoperative renal failure on dialysis (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.0 to 13.6; p = 0.049), use of bilateral internal thoracic arteries (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 5.3; p = 0.010), and sepsis and/or endocarditis after CABG (OR, 29.9; 95% CI, 11.7 to 76.4; p < 0.001). Patients with DSWI had prolonged length of stay (35.0 days vs 16.4 days; p < 0.001); however, there was no difference in early mortality between matched groups. After adjustment for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors, the adjusted hazard ratio of long-term mortality for patients with DSWI was 2.44 (95% CI, 1.51 to 3.92; p < 0.001). Patients without DSWI had a better 5-year survival rate (72.8 +/- 2.4% vs 50.8.6 +/- 8.5% [mean +/- SE]; p = 0.0007 between matched groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that DSWI following CABG was associated with increased long-term mortality during a 10-year follow-up study.
authors.affiliation: St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center at Columbia University, 45 East Eighty-Ninth St, New York, NY 10128, USA. cea8@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Ioannis K
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Toumpoulis
authors.forename: Constantine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Anagnostopoulos
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Derose
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Swistel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000401:mortality*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery*; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000401:mortality*; D016019:Survival Analysis