title: Morphological study of the spinal motoneurons controlling the urethral sphincter of female rats: role of androgens in a menopausal model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study in a menopausal rat model we describe the effect of androgen withdrawal on motoneurons innervating 2 muscles involved in female urinary continence, namely the intrinsic urethral sphincter and the pubococcygeus muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 5 groups studied were 2 ovariectomized groups and their sham operated controls plus 1 ovariectomized group with dihydrotestosterone supplementation. Blood testosterone assays were performed. Androgen receptor immunohistochemistry was performed on spinal cord sections, in which specific motoneuron subpopulations were identified. Maximal somal cross-sectional area was compared among the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Differences in somal cross-sectional area of motoneurons innervating the pubococcygeus muscle were observed after ovariectomy. Androgen receptor immunopositive nuclei staining disappeared, in line with undetectable blood testosterone levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The modifications of androgen receptor expression and somal morphological appearance in the pudendal motoneurons controlling the external urethral sphincter of ovariectomized female rats suggests that testosterone probably influences neurotransmission and coordination of urinary continence at the spinal level.
authors.affiliation: Department Experimental Surgery Laboratory-UPRES 1602, Bicêtre Hospital AP-HP, Paris-Sud University School of Medicine, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cayzergues
authors.forename: El-Djouher
authors.initials: el-D
authors.lastname: Yaici
authors.forename: Sylvie Brailly
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Tabard
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jestin
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giuliano
authors.forename: Henri
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bensadoun
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jardin
authors.forename: Gérard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benoit
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Droupy
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology; D014521:Urethra / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens