title: Interleukin-6 and oncostatin M stimulation of proliferation of prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells through the signaling pathways of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic regulator of prostate cancer cell growth. Oncostatin M (OSM), an IL-6-type cytokine, affects the growth of prostate cancers in a paracrine and autocrine manner. In order to understand better the mechanisms controlling proliferation and intracellular signaling by these cytokines in advanced prostate carcinoma, we performed studies in 22Rv1 cells derived from the relapsed xenograft CWR22R.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of IL-6 and OSM receptors (OSMR-beta) and elements of signal transduction pathways in 22Rv1 cells were investigated by RT-PCR. Proliferation was assessed by cell counting after treatment with either IL-6 or OSM. IL-6 secretion was measured in conditioned medium from 22Rv1 cells by ELISA. Expression and phosphorylation status of signal transducers and activators of transcription factor (STAT) 3, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) p44/p42 and p38, and protein kinase B (Akt) was investigated by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  22Rv1 cells express both subunits of the IL-6 receptor (gp80 and gp130) and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor-beta (LIFR-beta) but not OSMR-beta. Their proliferation was stimulated by IL-6 or OSM and the maximal effect was observed at a concentration of 10 ng/ml of either cytokine. Interestingly, neither IL-6 nor OSM induced phosphorylation of STAT3. OSM modestly increased the phosphorylation of p38 and both cytokines exerted an effect on Akt phosphorylation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IL-6 and OSM stimulate proliferation of 22Rv1 cells, at least in part through activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) signaling pathway. Our data provide additional evidence for the growth-stimulatory role of IL-6 and related cytokines in advanced prostate cancer and may serve as a basis for the development of novel experimental therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Godoy-Tundidor
authors.forename: Ilaria T R
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Cavarretta
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fiechtl
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Friedbichler
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hobisch
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Culig
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; C508351:OSM protein, human; D010455:Peptides; D053683:Oncostatin M; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases