title: High school dietary dairy intake and teenage acne.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies suggest possible associations between Western diet and acne. We examined data from the Nurses Health Study II to retrospectively evaluate whether intakes of dairy foods during high school were associated with physician-diagnosed severe teenage acne.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 47,355 women who completed questionnaires on high school diet in 1998 and physician-diagnosed severe teenage acne in 1989. We estimated the prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals of acne history across categories of intakes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After accounting for age, age at menarche, body mass index, and energy intake, the multivariate prevalence ratio (95% confidence intervals; P value for test of trend) of acne, comparing extreme categories of intake, were: 1.22 (1.03, 1.44; .002) for total milk; 1.12 (1.00, 1.25; .56) for whole milk; 1.16 (1.01, 1.34; .25) for low-fat milk; and 1.44 (1.21, 1.72; .003) for skim milk. Instant breakfast drink, sherbet, cottage cheese, and cream cheese were also positively associated with acne.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a positive association with acne for intake of total milk and skim milk. We hypothesize that the association with milk may be because of the presence of hormones and bioactive molecules in milk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. clement.adebamowo@channing.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Clement A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Adebamowo
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: F William
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Danby
authors.forename: A Lindsay
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Frazier
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002417:Cattle; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D006728:Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008572:Menarche; D008892:Milk / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D009726:Nurses; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006728:Hormones