title: Persistence of anti-zonae pellucidae antibodies following a single inoculation of porcine zonae pellucidae in the domestic equine.
abstract: In this study of equids, we investigated the antibody response and the effect on the estrous cycle following a single inoculation of porcine zonae pellucidae (pZP) employing controlled-release methodology. We also investigated the use of two different water-soluble adjuvants as an alternative to oil-based adjuvants. Twenty-seven domestic mares were inoculated with various formulations of pZP and adjuvant. We showed that the anti-pZP antibodies generated as a result of the inoculations persisted for at least 43 weeks (length of the study). Of the various formulations used in the study, pZP and QS-21 water-soluble adjuvant, administered in combination with an emulsified preparation of pZP and Freund's Complete Adjuvant generated a significantly (P < 0.05) higher titer of anti-pZP antibodies when compared with other formulations employing the water-soluble adjuvant, Carbopol. Hormone analyses for cyclicity indicated a high incidence and extended duration of persistent corpora lutea among the treated mares. The positive control group of mares receiving two standard inoculations of pZP and Freund's Complete and Incomplete Adjuvants, as well as the placebo group of mares injected with QS-21 only, also exhibited high incidences of persistent corpora lutea. However, all mares eventually returned to normal cyclicity. The basis for the high incidence and extended duration of persistent corpora lutea was unexplained. The results demonstrate for the first time the persistent generation of anti-pZP antibodies following a single inoculation of pZP incorporated into a controlled-released preparation in the horse. This study further suggests that a single inoculation of pZP sequestered in a controlled-release lactide-glycolide polymer may serve as an alternative to traditional two-inoculation protocols for contraception investigations in the equine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA. ikliu@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: I K M
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: E M G
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Van Leeuwen
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Flanagan
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hedrick
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Morales-Levy
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D003340:Corpus Luteum Maintenance; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant / Q000494:pharmacology; D006736:Horses / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D013997:Time Factors; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000906:Antibodies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012503:Saponins; C006912:carboxypolymethylene; D011374:Progesterone; C078785:saponin QA-21V1; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant