title: Profound sinus bradycardia due to diltiazem, verapamil, and/or beta-adrenergic blocking drugs.
abstract: Both beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist drugs (beta-blockers) and non-dihydropyridine calcium-channel blockers (non-DHP CCBs), ie, diltiazem and verapamil, can cause sinus arrest or severe sinus bradycardia, and when drugs from the two classes are used together, these effects may be more than additive. We report nine patients in whom a beta-blocker (one patient), a non-DHP CCB (one patient), or the combination (seven patients) caused sinus arrest or severe sinus bradycardia which resulted in hospitalization in six of the nine. Although this combination of drugs always has the potential for causing profound bradycardia, certain aspects of the history, such as age, the presence of renal or hepatic disease, and the number and types of other medications, are further predictors of marked bradycardia with hypotension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, USA.
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Mazen M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kawji
authors.forename: Vinceent D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Cataldo
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Lawrence P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: O'Meallie
authors.forename: Darrin M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Breaux
authors.forename: D Luke
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Glancy
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000368:Aged; D001146:Arrhythmia, Sinus / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014700:Verapamil / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014700:Verapamil; D004110:Diltiazem