title: Depolarization initiates phasic acetylcholine release by relief of a tonic block imposed by presynaptic M2 muscarinic receptors.
abstract: The role of presynaptic muscarinic autoreceptors in the initiation of phasic acetylcholine (ACh) release at frog and mouse neuromuscular junctions was studied by measuring the dependency of the amount (m) of ACh release on the level of presynaptic depolarization. Addition of methoctramine (a blocker of M2 muscarinic receptors), or of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), increased release in a voltage-dependent manner; enhancement of release declined as the depolarizing pulse amplitude increased. In frogs and wild-type mice the slope of log m/log pulse amplitude (PA) was reduced from about 7 in the control to about 4 in the presence of methoctramine or AChE. In M2 muscarinic receptor knockout mice, the slope of log m/log PA was much smaller (about 4) and was not further reduced by addition of either methoctramine or AChE. The effect of a brief (0.1 ms), but strong (-1.2 microA) depolarizing prepulse on the dependency of m on PA was also studied. The depolarizing prepulse had effects similar to those of methoctramine and AChE. In particular, it enhanced release of test pulses in a voltage-dependent manner and reduced the slope of log m/log PA from about 7 to about 4. Methoctramine + AChE occluded the prepulse effects. In knockout mice, the depolarizing prepulse had no effects. The cumulative results suggest that initiation of phasic ACh release is achieved by depolarization-mediated relief of a tonic block imposed by presynaptic M2 muscarinic receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurobiology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel. hanna@vms.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parnas
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Slutsky
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rashkovan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Silman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wess
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Parnas
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003959:Diamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016014:Linear Models; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D011895:Rana ridibunda; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003959:Diamines; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D043585:Receptor, Muscarinic M2; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase; D000109:Acetylcholine; C054938:methoctramine