title: S100A4 expression is an early event of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  S100A4 is a calcium-binding protein related to the metastatic potential of carcinoma. In order to elucidate its contribution to the progression of thyroid carcinoma, we investigated S100A4 expression in various thyroid neoplasms.
  
  
  METHODS
  We immunohistochemically examined S100A4 expression in 195 cases of thyroid neoplasms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although S100A4 was absent in normal follicular cells and follicular adenoma, S100A4 was positive in all 115 cases of papillary carcinoma examined, including 58 microcarcinomas. However, a significant relationship could not be established between S100A4 expression and clinicopathological features of papillary carcinoma. In follicular carcinoma, the widely invasive type expressed S100A4 more frequently than the minimally invasive type (p = 0.0028). In anaplastic carcinoma, S100A4 was expressed in 61.9% of cases, but the incidence was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than that in papillary carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that (1) S100A4 plays a constitutive role in papillary carcinoma and (2) S100A4 may be a useful marker for early the detection of this carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Kuma Hospital, Kobe, Japan. ito01@kuma-h.or.jp
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uruno
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miya
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Matsuzuka
authors.forename: Kennichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kakudo
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuma
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
mesh_terms: D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000737:chemistry; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; C077591:S100A4 protein, human