Expression, localization, structural, and functional characterization of pFGE, the paralog of the Calpha-formylglycine-generating enzyme.
pFGE is the paralog of the formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE), which catalyzes the oxidation of a specific cysteine to Calpha-formylglycine, the catalytic residue in the active site of sulfatases. The enzymatic activity of sulfatases depends on this posttranslational modification, and the genetic defect of FGE causes multiple sulfatase deficiency. The structural and functional properties of pFGE were analyzed. The comparison with FGE demonstrates that both share a tissue-specific expression pattern and the localization in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Both are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum by a saturable mechanism. Limited proteolytic cleavage at similar sites indicates that both also share a similar three-dimensional structure. pFGE, however, is lacking the formylglycine-generating activity of FGE. Although overexpression of FGE stimulates the generation of catalytically active sulfatases, overexpression of pFGE has an inhibitory effect. In vitro pFGE interacts with sulfatase-derived peptides but not with FGE. The inhibitory effect of pFGE on the generation of active sulfatases may therefore be caused by a competition of pFGE and FGE for newly synthesized sulfatase polypeptides.
Mariappan
Malaiyalam
M
Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Abteilung Biochemie II, Universität Göttingen, Germany.
Preusser-Kunze
Andrea
A
Balleininger
Martina
M
Eiselt
Nicole
N
Schmidt
Bernhard
B
Gande
Santosh Lakshmi
SL
Wenzel
Dirk
D
Dierks
Thomas
T
von Figura
Kurt
K
D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D001665:Binding Sites; D001667:Binding, Competitive; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002384:Catalysis; D002460:Cell Line; D003062:Codon; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D017038:Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase / Q000494:pharmacology; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013429:Sulfatases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014162:Transfection; D014357:Trypsin / Q000737:chemistry; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
D003062:Codon; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010455:Peptides; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C524739:C(alpha)-formylglycine; D050862:Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors; C480483:SUMF1 protein, human; C500803:SUMF2 protein, human; D013429:Sulfatases; D017038:Mannosyl-Glycoprotein Endo-beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase; D014357:Trypsin; D000409:Alanine; D005998:Glycine