title: Efficacy of valganciclovir administered as preemptive therapy for cytomegalovirus disease in liver transplant recipients: impact on viral load and late-onset cytomegalovirus disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The efficacy of valganciclovir used as preemptive therapy for cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in liver transplant recipients is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1996 and 2004, surveillance testing using CMV antigenemia was performed at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 posttransplant. A total of 28.8% (17/59) of the patients from 2001 to 2004 with antigenemia who received valganciclovir as preemptive therapy were compared with 26.2% (21/80) of the patients from 1996 to 2000 who received oral ganciclovir as preemptive therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean decline in the antigenemia level after initiation of valganciclovir and oral ganciclovir was 80.5% versus 50.7% at 1 week, 99.5% versus 89.4% at 2 weeks, and 100% versus 97.7% at 4 weeks, respectively. A higher proportion of patients who received valganciclovir (64.7%) belonged to the high-risk group (R-/D+) than patients who received oral ganciclovir (33.3%, P=0.10). Recurrent shedding was documented in 47.1% (8/17) of the patients in the valganciclovir group and 28.6% (6/21) of the patients in the oral ganciclovir group (P>0.20). Recurrent shedding correlated significantly with R-/D+ CMV serostatus and baseline CMV antigenemia level, regardless of the study group. No patient in either group developed CMV disease during or after the period of surveillance monitoring. The incidence of opportunistic infections and patient outcome did not differ for the valganciclovir group versus the oral ganciclovir group or patients without CMV infection (P>0.20).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antigenemia-directed valganciclovir as preemptive therapy seems to be effective for the prevention of CMV disease in liver transplant recipients, including high-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Infectious Disease Section, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA. nis5+@pitt.edu
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wannstedt
authors.forename: Lois
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keyes
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gayowski
authors.forename: Marilyn M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wagener
authors.forename: Thomas V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Cacciarelli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077562:Valganciclovir; D019562:Viral Load; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects; D017201:Virus Shedding / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077562:Valganciclovir; D015774:Ganciclovir