title: A third-generation bisphosphonate, minodronic acid (YM529), augments the interferon alpha/beta-mediated inhibition of renal cell cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Minodronic acid (YM529) is a third-generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. Here, we have investigated the therapeutic efficacy of YM529 against renal cell cancer (RCC) alone or in combination with IFN both in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  One murine and eight human RCC cell lines were used for the in vitro studies and were subjected to a modified 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and Western blotting. Luciferase-labeled murine RCC cells (RENCA(Luc)) were transplanted into the s.c. tissue or the renal subcapsule of syngeneic BALB/c mice. These mice were treated with YM529 and/or murine IFN and the growth of the cancer cells was monitored by an in vivo imaging system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  YM529 inhibited the growth of RCC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner and enhanced the growth inhibitory potential of IFN in vitro. In the in vivo mouse models, YM529 did not markedly inhibit the RCC cell growth on its own but it augmented the anticancer effect of IFN (P < 0.05). The YM529-treated mice (with or without IFN) did not alter the gamma/delta T-lymphocyte numbers. The various treatment regimens were also not associated with any adverse effects. However, YM529 combined with IFN reduced the serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that YM529 may be a potent anticancer agent for RCC. The efficacy and safety of IFN plus YM529 as a therapy for RCC should be verified by early-phase clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawahara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. yuasa@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yuasa
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Asumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Segawa
authors.forename: Junya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Taira
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maekawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; C087958:YM 529; D016899:Interferon-beta; D008156:Luciferases; D020827:rap1 GTP-Binding Proteins; D018631:ras Proteins