title: Thio wax ester biosynthesis utilizing the unspecific bifunctional wax ester synthase/acyl coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase of Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1.
abstract: The bifunctional wax ester synthase/acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA):diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT) from Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1 (formerly Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ADP1) mediating the biosyntheses of wax esters and triacylglycerols was used for the in vivo and in vitro biosynthesis of thio wax esters and dithio wax esters. For in vitro biosynthesis, 5'His(6)WS/DGAT comprising an N-terminal His(6) tag was purified from the soluble protein fraction of Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3)pLysS (pET23a::5'His(6)atf). By employing SP-Sepharose high-pressure and Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid fast-protein liquid chromatographies, a 19-fold enrichment with a final specific activity of 165.2 nmol mg of protein(-1) min(-1) was achieved by using 1-hexadecanol and palmitoyl-CoA as substrates. Incubation of purified 5'His(6)WS/DGAT with 1-hexadecanethiol and palmitoyl-CoA as substrates resulted in the formation of palmitic acid hexadecyl thio ester (10.4% relative specific activity of a 1-hexadecanol control). Utilization of 1,8-octanedithiol and palmitoyl-CoA as substrates led to the formation of 1-S-monopalmitoyloctanedithiol and minor amounts of 1,8-S-dipalmitoyloctanedithiol (59.3% relative specific activity of a 1-hexadecanol control). The latter dithio wax ester was efficiently produced when 1-S-monopalmitoyloctanedithiol and palmitoyl-CoA were used as substrates (13.4% specific activity relative to that of a 1-hexadecanol control). For the in vivo biosynthesis of thio wax esters, the knockout mutant Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1acr1OmegaKm, which is unable to produce fatty alcohols, was used. Cultivation of Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1acr1OmegaKm in the presence of gluconate, 1-hexadecanethiol, and oleic acid in nitrogen-limited mineral salts medium resulted in the accumulation of unusual thio wax esters that accounted for around 1.19% (wt/wt) of the cellular dry weight and consisted mainly of oleic acid hexadecyl thioester as revealed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 3, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uthoff
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stöveken
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vosmann
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalscheuer
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steinbüchel
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003470:Culture Media; D051048:Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000379:methods; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D014885:Waxes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000214:Acyl Coenzyme A; D003470:Culture Media; D004952:Esters; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D014885:Waxes; D000217:Acyltransferases; D051048:Diacylglycerol O-Acyltransferase; C079165:long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase