title: Molecular characterizations of human and animal group a rotaviruses in the Netherlands.
abstract: To gain more insight into interspecies transmission of rotavirus group A, human and animal fecal samples were collected between 1997 and 2001 in The Netherlands. A total of 110 human stool samples were successfully P and G genotyped by reverse transcriptase PCR. All strains belonged to the main human rotavirus genotypes G1 to G4, G9, [P4], [P6], [P8], and [P9]. [P8]G1 was predominant, and 5.5% belonged to the G9 genotype. Eleven percent of all P[8] genotypes could be genotyped only by a recently published modified primer. Rotavirus-positive fecal samples from 28 calf herds were genotyped by DNA sequencing. Genotypes G6 and G10 predominated; G6 and G10 were detected in 22 (78.6%) and 16 (57.1%) of the rotavirus-positive calf herds, respectively. In 12 (42.9%) calf herds, we found mixed infections. Genotype G8 was not found. Genotype G6 bovine rotaviruses were divided into three clusters: UK-like, VMRI-29-like, and Hun4-like. DNA sequencing of a part of the VP7 gene was shown to be useful as a quick determination of uncommon or novel strains of which the genotyping cannot be done by genotyping PCR. Of equine strains, both VP4 and VP7 genes could be used for genotyping: two [P12]G3 and four [P12]G14 equine rotaviruses were determined. We did not find indications for rotavirus interspecies transmissions, although the recently published human G6-Hun4 is genetically related to our G6 bovine isolates. All bovine, porcine, and equine rotaviruses were within genotypes previously reported for these animal species.
authors.affiliation: Microbiological Laboratory for Health Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van der Heide
authors.forename: M P G
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Koopmans
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shekary
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Houwers
authors.forename: Y T H P
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: van Duynhoven
authors.forename: W H M
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: van der Poel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012401:Rotavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000662:veterinary / Q000821:virology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; C060339:VP4 protein, Rotavirus; C050779:VP7 protein, Rotavirus