title: Assessment of inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparative study of clinical evaluation with grey scale and power Doppler ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the clinical assessment of overall inflammatory activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with grey scale and power Doppler (PD) ultrasonography (US).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety four consecutive patients with RA were included. Demographic and clinical data, C reactive protein (CRP) level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were recorded for each patient. The presence of tenderness, swelling, and a subjective swelling score from 1 to 3 were independently assessed by two rheumatologists, who reached a consensus in 60 joints examined in each patient. All patients underwent a US examination by a third blinded rheumatologist, using PD. US joint effusion, synovitis, and PD signal were graded from 1 to 3 in the 60 joints. Joint count and joint index for effusion, synovitis, and PD signal were recorded. A 28 joint count for clinical and US variables was calculated. Interobserver reliability of the US examination was evaluated by a fourth blinded rheumatologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  US showed significantly more joints with effusion (mean 15.2) and synovitis (mean 14.6) than clinical examination (mean 11.5, p<0.05). A significant correlation was found between joint count and joint index for swelling, US effusion, synovitis, and PD signal. The 28 joint count for effusion, synovitis, and PD signal correlated highly with the corresponding 60 joint counts. US findings correlated better with CRP and ESR than clinical measures. Interobserver reliability was better for US findings than for clinical assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US is a sensitive method for assessing joint inflammatory activity in RA, complementary to clinical evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rhumatology, Hospital de la Princeca, Madrid, Spain. esnaredo@eresmas.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Naredo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gamero
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carmona
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laffon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein