title: Determination of main low molecular weight antioxidants in urinary bladder wall using HPLC with electrochemical detector.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to develop validated HPLC method using electrochemical detector for simultaneous detection of low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) in urinary bladder. Furthermore, the method was applied to study the distribution of LMWA in urinary bladder wall. The ascorbic acid (AA), glutathione in reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) form and uric acid (UA) were resolved by isocratic elution from C18 reversed-phase column. The bladder tissue sample preparation involved extraction with meta-phosphoric acid solution for LMWA stabilization. The AA, GSH and UA tissue peak was identified by different approaches. The obtained method validation parameters were in acceptable range: intra-day precision (<4.4%), intra-day accuracy (<8.4%), inter-day precision (<9.4%) and inter-day accuracy (<15.6%). Additionally, the method provided good linearity (r2>0.99) and recoveries (98.9-112.6%). The distribution of LMWA in urinary bladder was determined by measuring their concentration in bladder wall layers: urothelium, lamina propria, muscularis and serosa. The validated method was able to quantify the reduced form of all three LMWA in all four bladder wall layers. The LMWA concentrations were decreasing from urothelium to serosa except of UA. The developed HPLC method with electrochemical detection of LMWA is simple, fast and can be used for simultaneous quantification of LMWA in tissues, which contain low concentrations of antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. tomaz.vovk@ffa.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vovk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogataj
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roskar
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kmetec
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mrhar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide / Q000032:analysis; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000737:chemistry; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000032:analysis; D012704:Serous Membrane / Q000737:chemistry; D013552:Swine; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D019459:Urothelium / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D014527:Uric Acid; C030242:phosphoric acid; D005978:Glutathione; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D019803:Glutathione Disulfide