title: Cytokine induced metalloproteinase expression and activity does not correlate with focal susceptibility of articular cartilage to degeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the focal susceptibility to cartilage degeneration in joints is related to a differential response to cytokine stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compare aggrecan and collagen catabolism in in-vitro models of cartilage degradation induced by retinoic acid (RA), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) and IL-1 plus oncostatin M (OSM). Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and hydroxyproline (HyPro) quantification and Western immunoblot analyses of aggrecan and collagen degradation products were undertaken in explant cultures of normal cartilage from regions of equine joints with a known high and low susceptibility to degeneration in disease. RNA isolation and semi quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis were performed to determine the expression of aggrecanases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the rate of basal cartilage aggrecan turnover was dependent on joint region there was no difference in the response of different cartilages to cytokines. Individual animals did show a significant difference in the response of certain cartilages to cytokines, with both decreased and increased aggrecan loss in cartilage with a low susceptibility to degeneration. Aggrecan release in both short- and long-term cultures from all cartilages was associated with increased cleavage by aggrecanases rather than MMPs. There was a poor correlation between expression of aggrecanases, MMPs or their inhibitors and cytokine induced aggrecan catabolism. IL-1 alone was able to stimulate collagen breakdown in equine articular cartilage and surprisingly, significantly more collagen loss was induced in cartilage from regions less susceptible to degeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Collectively, these studies suggest that a regional difference in response to catabolic cytokines is unlikely to be a factor in the initiation of focal cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA).
authors.affiliation: Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, University of Sydney at the Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards 2065, NSW, Australia. cblittle@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Flannery
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goodship
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Caterson
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans; D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005552:Forelimb; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000032:analysis; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006736:Horses; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000032:analysis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007641:Keratolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D053683:Oncostatin M; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D016207:Cytokines; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007641:Keratolytic Agents; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D010455:Peptides; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D053683:Oncostatin M; D014212:Tretinoin; D003094:Collagen; D045726:Metalloproteases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D006909:Hydroxyproline