title: Is quality of life associated with cognitive impairment in schizophrenia?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The subjectively assessed quality of life of schizophrenia patients is mostly lower than healthy subjects, and cognitive impairment is an integral feature of schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to compare the quality of life and neurocognitive functioning between the patients with schizophrenia and the healthy subjects, and to examine the relationships between quality of life and neurocognitive functions among the patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with schizophrenia (15 women and 23 men) and 31 healthy individuals (18 women and 13 men) were included in the study. All participants were administered World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Form (WHOQOL-BREF) to assess their quality of life, and Digit Span Test (DST) and Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) for cognitive functions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with schizophrenia demonstrated lower scores in physical (F=25.6, p=0.0001), psychological (F=15.85, p=0.0001) and social (F=37.7, p=0.0001) domains compared to control group. The patients with schizophrenia showed significantly lower scores on COWAT compared to healthy subjects (F=4.22, p=0.04). The social domain scores of WHOQOL correlated to DST total scores (r=0.45, p=0.007), DST forwards scores (r=0.54, p=0.001) and COWAT total scores (r=0.40, p=0.04) in patients with schizophrenia but not in the control group. The patients with lower level of cognitive functioning had lower scores on social domain of WHOQOL-BREF (z=-2.01, p=0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm that the cognitive deficits in executive function and working memory appear to have direct impact on the patients' perceived quality of life especially in social domain which can either be a cause or a consequence of social isolation of patients with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatry Department, Medical School of Dokuz Eylul University, Balçova, 35340, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Köksal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alptekin
authors.forename: Yildiz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akvardar
authors.forename: Berna Binnur
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Kivircik Akdede
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dumlu
authors.forename: Doğan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Işik
authors.forename: Ferdane
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pirinçci
authors.forename: Saida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yahssin
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitiş
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003710:Demography; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014936:Word Association Tests