title: Surgical correction of orbital and periorbital deformities using lamella and complex osteotomies in both orbital rim and wall.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For dealing with the problems in orbital and periorbital deformities.
  
  
  METHODS
  In orbital deformities such as hypertelorism, orbital dystopia, radiated orbit, and secondary deformities of traumatic orbit, the authors used lamella osteotomies of either orbital rim and wall or complex osteotomies in both adjacent orbital rims and walls with bicoronal incision and galea aponeurotica dissection. In most of the cases, the fragments of complex osteotomies were repositioned with rigid fixation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Best results with nearly normal orbital volumes, better contour of orbit and midface, and improved eyelids and vision were achieved in 44 cases. There were 5 cases of supraorbital osteotomy (intracranial routine), 8 cases of medial orbital osteotomy, 3 cases of inferior orbital osteotomy, and 28 cases of both lateral and inferior orbital osteotomy in the series. No complications occurred. Clinical measurement was achieved in both pre- and postoperative osteotomies. According to comparative recordings, such as cephalometric measurement of the interorbital distance, exophthalmic measurement with Hertel exophthalmometer, the angle between orbital horizontal level and bilateral tragus linkage, and the linear distance between lateral canthus and tragus, the gap difference between pre- and postoperative data were achieved. The orbital and midface appearance has improved significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lamella and complex osteotomies of orbital rim and wall were proved to be save and effective for correction of most deformities of the orbital and periorbital region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiongzheng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Ruhong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Yimin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Meixiu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Disheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Shengzhi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D004210:Dissection; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000145:classification; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006972:Hypertelorism / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D009984:Orthopedic Fixation Devices; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome