title: Comparison of caudal steroid epidural with targeted steroid placement during spinal endoscopy for chronic sciatica: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic sciatica can be managed by caudal steroid epidural or by targeted steroid placement during spinal endoscopy. Spinal endoscopy is a new unproven procedure. We aimed to compare the two pain management techniques and to investigate whether the site of steroid placement within the epidural space was significant.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized 60 patients with a 6-18 months history of sciatica to either targeted epidural local anaesthetic and steroid placement with a spinal endoscope or caudal epidural local anaesthetic and steroid treatment. Pre-treatment and 6-week, 3-month, and 6-month SF-MPQ and HAD scores were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were found between the groups for any of the measures at any time. However, there were significant differences within both groups compared with pre-treatment values. For the caudal group, significant improvements were found for descriptive pain at 6 months (P=0.031), VAS at 6 weeks (P=0.036), 3 months (P=0.026), and 6 months (P=0.003), present pain intensity (PPI) at 3 months (P=0.013) and 6 months (P=0.01); anxiety at 6 weeks (P=0.008), 3 months (P=0.004), and 6 months (P=0.001) and depression at 6 months only (P=0.037). For the epiduroscopy group there were fewer significant changes. PPI was significantly reduced at 6 weeks (P=0.004) and at 6 months (P=0.02). Anxiety was reduced at 6 months only (P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The targeted placement of epidural steroid onto the affected nerve root causing sciatica does not significantly reduce pain intensity and anxiety and depression compared with untargeted caudal epidural steroid injection. When analysed individually, both techniques benefited patients.
authors.affiliation: Eric Angel Pain Management Centre, Level 07, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK. adrian.dashfield@phnt.swest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Dashfield
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Cleaver
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farrow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012585:Sciatica / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D008012:Lidocaine