title: Correction of factor IX deficiency in mice by embryonic stem cells differentiated in vitro.
abstract: Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent, but significant functional engraftment does not occur when they are introduced into the liver. However, here we demonstrate that functional liver engraftment does occur if the ES cells (from strain 129 mice) are first differentiated in vitro for 7 days in the presence of FGF. Strikingly, when these differentiated cells, termed putative endodermal precursors (PEPs), were injected into their livers, two of six C57BL/6 and four of eight BALB/c factor IX (F-IX)-deficient mice survived for >7 days, even though the recipients were of a different strain and, in the case of the BALB/c recipients, had a complete MHC mismatch. F-IX was detected in all six of the PEP-injected survivors. Two mice subsequently died of causes unrelated to F-IX; the others survived until death at 38 or 115 days after the transplantation. No uninjected control F-IX-deficient mice survived for >7 days. Large confluent regions of sinusoidal PEP engraftment were demonstrated by immunofluorescence in the long-term BALB/c survivors. The PEP engraftment was not associated with detectable cell fusion, and the transplantation was accompanied with only a low incidence of teratoma formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. jhfair@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fair
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lapaglia
authors.forename: Montserrat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caballero
authors.forename: W Andrew
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Pleasant
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatada
authors.forename: Hyung-Suk
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tong
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gui
authors.forename: Larysa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pevny
authors.forename: Anthony A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Darrel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Stafford
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Smithies
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Frelinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002459:Cell Fusion; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D002836:Hemophilia B / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013724:Teratoma / Q000453:epidemiology