title: The prevalence of carotid artery calcification on the panoramic radiographs of patients with renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of carotid calcification on dental panoramic radiographs in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on haemodialysis and renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Panoramic radiographs of 69 adult patients with renal disease (34 with haemodialysis and 35 with renal transplantations) (age range 17-74 years; mean age 39.45 years) and 50 controls (age-match, free of systemic disease) were examined on panoramic radiographs for any unusual radiopacity adjacent to or just below the intervertebral space between C3 and C4. Patients with such calcifications were referred to ultrasound examination. Using Chi-squared tests, calcification prevalence rates were statistically compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The statistical difference between renal disease patients and control group was significant (chi2 = 17.91, P < 0.001). On comparison of haemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients with controls, statistical difference (P=0.007) was found to be significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carotid artery calcification was higher in haemodialysis patients and renal transplant recipients. These patients with such calcifications should be referred for further evaluation and treatment of carotid arteries, coronary arteries and vascular risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. ozdenkansu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kansu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozbek
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Avcu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gençtoy
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kansu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turgan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D006435:Renal Dialysis