title: [Treatment of "the premonitory state of schizophrenia" with atypical antipsychotics].
abstract: "Premonitory symptoms and signs" before the full-blown stage of schizophrenia are recognized as abnormal expressions (signs) and symptoms of "early schizophrenia", as described by Nakayasu (1990). The following conclusions were derived from my examination of the effects of atypical antipsychotics on six patients suffering from 'the premonitory symptoms and signs' in 'the premonitory state of schizophrenia'. 1) Even though hyperventilation, fatigue and a depressive state existed in the foreground at the first medical examination, we suspected 'the premonitory state of schizophrenia', and investigated symptoms of 'early schizophrenia' as described by Nakayasu, in cases in which abnormal expressions such as stiff facial expression and specific tense and perplexed attitude were observed. 2) In cases in which 'the premonitory symptoms and signs' were observed, we introduced treatment with atypical antipsychotics as soon as possible. Hyperventilation and a depressive state, which were considered to be induced by 'the premonitory state of schizophrenia', disappeared as a result of the improvement of 'the premonitory symptoms and signs' by the atypical antipsychotics. 3) Risperidone, perospirone, and olanzapine were effective for so-called "positive early symptoms". Risperidone, which is expected to have an acute effect, was effective in cases in which early intervention was necessary. When a depressive state was secondarily induced by risperidone, a change to perospirone was useful. Furthermore, when risperidone and perospirone were not sufficiently effective, olanzapine improved 'the premonitory symptoms and signs'. 4) In cases in which so-called "negative early symptoms" and a decrease in the energy-potential, such as emotional blunting, were observed, olanzapine induced improvement. 5) In 'the premonitory state of schizophrenia', treatment with atypical antipsychotics should be maintained, for both the improvement of 'the premonitory symptoms and signs' and the prevention of progression to the full-blown stage. The dose and duration of the treatment with antipsychotics should be carefully modified, with consideration for the specificity of the life cycle and life events for each patient. In conclusion, treatment with atypical antipsychotics was useful for both the improvement of 'the premonitory symptoms and signs of schizophrenia' and the prevention of the development of pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abekawa
authors.forename: Yuuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitaichi
authors.forename: Tetsuaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054833:Isoindoles; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077152:Olanzapine; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D054833:Isoindoles; D013844:Thiazoles; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018967:Risperidone; C065533:perospirone; D000077152:Olanzapine