title: Elevated glutamine/glutamate ratio in cerebrospinal fluid of first episode and drug naive schizophrenic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies report that glutamine is altered in the brains of schizophrenic patients. There were also conflicting findings on glutamate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of schizophrenic patients, and absent for glutamine. This study aims to clarify the question of glutamine and glutamate in CSF of first episode and drug naive schizophrenic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of glutamine and glutamate in CSF of 25 first episode and drug-naive male schizophrenic patients and 17 age-matched male healthy controls were measured by a high performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ratio (126.1 (median), 117.7 +/- 27.4 (mean +/- S.D.)) of glutamine to glutamate in the CSF of patients was significantly (z = -3.29, p = 0.001) higher than that (81.01 (median), 89.1 +/- 22.5 (mean +/- S.D.)) of normal controls although each level of glutamine and glutamate in patients was not different from that of normal controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggests that a disfunction in glutamate-glutamine cycle in the brain may play a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan. hashimoto@faculty.chiba-u.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engberg
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Conny
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nordin
authors.forename: Leif H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: Masaomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iyo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000502:physiology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005973:Glutamine; D018698:Glutamic Acid