Hypoxic stress enhances osteoclast differentiation via increasing IGF2 production by non-osteoclastic cells.
Development of bone depends on a continuous supply of bone-degrading osteoclasts. Although several factors such as cytokines and integrins have been shown to be important for osteoclast recruitment, their mechanism of action is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated the enhancement of osteoclast formation by hypoxia and investigated the molecular mechanisms involved. Primary mouse bone marrow cells were cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and RNA was prepared from each group of cells. Total RNAs were applied to a DNA microarray analysis and then RT-PCR was performed to confirm the microarray data. The most interesting finding of our microarray analysis was upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) under hypoxic conditions. RT-PCR analysis revealed that IGF2 expression was markedly upregulated in the non-osteoclastic cells. The addition of exogenous IGF2 increased the number of osteoclastic TRAP-positive multinuclear cells formed under normoxic conditions, whereas the addition of exogenous SDF1 did not change osteoclast formation. These results suggest that the upregulation of IGF2 derived from non-osteoclastic cells might be a crucial factor for osteoclast differentiation.
Fukuoka
Hayato
H
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8651, Japan.
Aoyama
Mineyoshi
M
Miyazawa
Ken
K
Asai
Kiyofumi
K
Goto
Shigemi
S
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008805:Mice, Inbred A; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology
D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C515256:Cxcl12 protein, mouse; D016207:Cytokines; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II