title: Hostility, depressive symptoms, and smoking in early adolescence.
abstract: Using logistic and multiple regression, we examined the association between hostility, level of depressive symptoms, and smoking in a sample of 1699 ethnically diverse students in California. Self-reports were collected twice from each student, at the beginning of the 6th and 7th grade years. Among 6th graders who had not smoked, depressive symptoms and hostility were associated with smoking initiation by the 7th grade. Among those students who had already tried smoking, increases in depressive symptoms and hostility were associated with more frequent smoking. The association between hostility and smoking was stronger for students reporting higher levels of depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Keck School of Medicine, Institute of Prevention Research, Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Southern California, 1000 S. Fremont Ave., Unit 8, Building A, Alhambra, CA 91803, USA.
authors.forename: Jie Wu
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mouttapa
authors.forename: Chih-Ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nezami
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderson Johnson
authors.forename: Paula H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cen
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gallaher
authors.forename: Anamara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ritt-Olson
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Azen
authors.forename: Jennifer B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Unger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001213:Asian; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000517:prevention & control