title: Detecting danger--or just another odorant? Olfactory sensitivity for the fox odor component 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline in four species of mammals.
abstract: 2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) is a volatile component of the anal gland secretion of the red fox and elicits behavioral and physiological fear responses in the rat. Using instrumental conditioning paradigms, we determined olfactory detection thresholds for TMT in three rats, a natural prey species of the red fox, and compared their performance to that of three squirrel monkeys, three spider monkeys and four pigtail macaques, all non-prey species of the red fox. We found that the rats were able to discriminate concentrations between 0.04 and 0.10 ppt (parts per trillion) of TMT from the odorless solvent which is by far the lowest olfactory detection threshold for an odorant reported in rats so far. In contrast, the spider monkeys needed 0.14-1.38 ppb (parts per billion), the pigtail macaques 0.41-4.07 ppb, and the squirrel monkeys 4.07-13.80 ppb to detect TMT which does not rank among the lowest olfactory thresholds reported for these three primate species. Thus, these results support the assumption that the behavioral relevance of an odorant may be an important determinant of a species' olfactory sensitivity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Psychology, University of Munich Medical School, Goethestr. 31, D-80336 Munich, Germany. Laska@imp.med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laska
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fendt
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wieser
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.forename: Laura Teresa
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Hernandez Salazar
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Apfelbach
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002427:Cebidae; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005589:Foxes; D008254:Macaca nemestrina; D008297:Male; D009812:Odorants; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D012453:Saimiri; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000187:drug effects*; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C411827:2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline; D013844:Thiazoles