title: Tomographic fluorescence imaging in tissue phantoms: a novel reconstruction algorithm and imaging geometry.
abstract: A novel image reconstruction algorithm has been developed and demonstrated for fluorescence-enhanced frequency-domain photon migration (FDPM) tomography from measurements of area illumination with modulated excitation light and area collection of emitted fluorescence light using a gain modulated image-intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera. The image reconstruction problem was formulated as a nonlinear least-squares-type simple bounds constrained optimization problem based upon the penalty/modified barrier function (PMBF) method and the coupled diffusion equations. The simple bounds constraints are included in the objective function of the PMBF method and the gradient-based truncated Newton method with trust region is used to minimize the function for the large-scale problem (39919 unknowns, 2973 measurements). Three-dimensional (3-D) images of fluorescence absorption coefficients were reconstructed using the algorithm from experimental reflectance measurements under conditions of perfect and imperfect distribution of fluorophore within a single target. To our knowledge, this is the first time that targets have been reconstructed in three-dimensions from reflectance measurements with a clinically relevant phantom.
authors.affiliation: The Photon Migration Laboratories, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3573, USA. rroy@mail.chem.tamu.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Godavarty
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sevick-Muraca
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D041622:Tomography, Optical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*