title: Nine-year comparison of presentation and management of acute coronary syndromes in Ireland: a national cross-sectional survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Shorter time to treatment is associated with lower mortality in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). A previous (1994) survey showed substantial delays for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Ireland. The present study compared current practice with 1994 and surveyed acute coronary syndromes as a more complete contemporary evaluation of critical cardiac care than assessing AMI alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following ethics committee approval, all centres (N = 39) admitting acute cardiac patients to intensive/coronary care unit provided information on 1365 episodes. A cross-sectional survey design was employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Since 1994, median hospital arrival to thrombolysis time was reduced by 41% (76 to 45 minutes). Thrombolysis was delivered more often in the emergency department in 2003 (48% vs 2%). Thrombolysis when delivered in the emergency department was achieved faster than thrombolysis delivered in intensive/coronary care (35 mins v 60 mins; z = 5.62, p < .0001). Suspected AMI patients who did not subsequently receive thrombolysis took longer to present to hospital (5 h vs 2 h 34 mins; z = 7.33, p < .0001) and had longer transfer times to the intensive/coronary care unit following arrival (2 h 17 mins vs 1 h 10 mins; z = 8.92, p < .0001). Fewer confirmed AMI cases received thrombolysis in 2003 (43% vs 58%). There was an increase in confirmed cases of AMI from 1994 (70% to 87%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Substantial improvements in time to thrombolysis have occurred since 1994, probably relating to treatment provision in emergency departments. Patient delay pre-hospital is still the principal impediment to effective treatment of ACS. A recent change of definition of AMI may have precluded an exact comparison between 1994 and 2003 data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St, Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. fdoyle4@rcsi.ie
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Davida
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De La Harpe
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: Emer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shelley
authors.forename: Ronán
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conroy
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010360:Patient Transfer; D013577:Syndrome; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D017748:Time Management