title: Safety and efficacy of two different doses of capecitabine in the treatment of advanced breast cancer in older women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of capecitabine in older women with advanced breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three eligible patients (median age, 73 years; range, 65 to 89 years) were enrolled. The first 30 patients received oral capecitabine 1,250 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1 to 14 every 21 days. Due to the occurrence of two toxic deaths, capecitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily was given to the subsequent 43 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were assessable for safety and efficacy. A total of 351 treatment cycles were administered (median, six per patient; range, one to eight cycles). Dose reductions due to toxicities were required in 30% of patients in the standard-dose group, but capecitabine was given without a dose reduction to 95% of patients in the low-dose group. Capecitabine demonstrated a favorable safety profile. The overall incidence of grade 3/4 toxicities was low: the most common events reported in </= 10% of the patients were fatigue, diarrhea, dyspnea, and nausea. In the standard-dose group, the response rate was 36.7% (95% CI, 19.9% to 56.1%). An additional seven patients had disease stabilization at >/= 24 weeks. In the low-dose group, the response rate was 34.9% (95% CI, 21% to 50.9%). An additional 15 patients had prolonged stabilization. The median time to disease progression was 4 months in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that capecitabine is safe and effective in the elderly breast cancer patient. Based on the overall results, the capecitabine dose of 1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily merits consideration as "standard" for older patients who do not have severely impaired renal function.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Unit 2, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Via G. Venezian 1, 20133 Milano, Italy. emilio.bajetta@istitutotumori.mi.it
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bajetta
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Procopio
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Celio
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gattinoni
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Della Torre
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Catena
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ricotta
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Longarini
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zilembo
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buzzoni
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000069287:Capecitabine; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil