title: [Mechanisms of plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones].
abstract: Quinolone resistance is caused mainly by chromosomal mutations in gram negative bacteria. In 1998, plasmid-mediated resistance to quinolones in clinical isolates was first reported in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain. Locus qnr (quinolone resistance) was responsible of the quinolone resistance in this plasmid. qnr codes a protein whose function is protect both DNA-girase and topoisomerase IV from these antimicrobials. Moreover, qnr is located in an integron-like structure upstream of qacEDelta y sul1. A review of the information obtained in the last years about this mechanism of resistance was performed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain. jmrodriguez@us.es
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Martínez
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000235:genetics; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D004351:Drug Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D023061:Gene Order; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D015363:Quinolones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011815:R Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C485384:Qnr protein, E coli; C485385:Qnr protein, Klebsiella pneumoniae; D015363:Quinolones; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D027101:DNA Topoisomerase IV; D027081:DNA Gyrase