title: Widespread and highly persistent gene transfer to the CNS by retrovirus vector in utero: implication for gene therapy to Krabbe disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brain-directed prenatal gene therapy may benefit some lysosomal storage diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS) before birth. Our previous study showed that intrauterine introduction of recombinant adenoviruses into cerebral ventricles results in efficient gene transfer to the CNS in the mouse. However, transgene expression decreased with time due to the non-integrative property of adenoviral vectors. In this study, in order to obtain permanent gene transduction, we investigated the feasibility of retrovirus-mediated in utero gene transduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Concentrated retrovirus encoding the LacZ gene was injected into the cerebral ventricles of the embryos of normal and twitcher mice (a murine model of Krabbe disease) at embryonic day 12. The distribution and maintenance of the transgene expression in the recipient brain were analyzed histochemically, biochemically and by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method pre- and postnatally.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Efficient and highly persistent gene transduction to the brain was achieved both in normal and the twitcher mouse. Transduced neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes were distributed throughout the brain. The transduced LacZ gene, its transcript and protein expression in the brain were maintained for 14 months without decrement. In addition, gene transduction to multiple tissues other than the brain was also detected at low levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that brain-directed in utero gene transfer using retrovirus vector may be beneficial to the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases with severe brain damage early in life, such as Krabbe disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gene Therapy, Institute of DNA Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xing-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watabe
authors.forename: Toya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000378:metabolism*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D007965:Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008818:Mice, Neurologic Mutants; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic / Q000379:methods*; D019076:Transgenes; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001616:beta-Galactosidase