title: Free vascularized nerve grafting for immediate facial nerve reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain better functional results after reconstruction to treat facial palsy in the patients with preoperative and intraoperative factors that might inhibit functional recovery, the authors have used free vascularized nerve grafts to immediately reconstruct severed facial nerves.
  
  
  METHODS
  The indications for vascularized nerve grafts were 1) scarred recipient bed attributable to previous operations, 2) a history of previous irradiation at the wound, 3) facial skin defects over the nerve graft after tumor ablation, 4) patient age greater than 60 years, and 5) preoperative facial palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four types of free vascularized nerves were used. Functional recovery after reconstruction could be assessed with two facial nerve grading systems.Ten patients who underwent immediate reconstruction of severed facial nerve after ablative surgery of malignant tumors of the parotid gland were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Functional recovery after reconstruction could be assessed with the House-Brackmann grading system and a 40-point grading system in 6 of the 10 patients after a mean follow-up period of 29.8 months (range, 10-60 mo). Results with the House-Brackmann system were grade II in 1 patient, grade III in 4 patients, and grade IV in 1 patient; scores on the 40-point grading system were 20 in 1 patient, 22 in 3 patients, 24 in 1 patient, and 28 in 1 patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results indicated that muscle movement recovers satisfactorily after free vascularized nerve grafting. Although a study comparing vascularized nerve grafts and conventional nerve grafts would be necessary to confirm the superiority of vascularized nerve grafts, free vascularized nerve grafts are effective for immediate reconstruction of the severed facial nerve in patients with preoperative and intraoperative factors that might inhibit functional recovery.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kimata
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakuraba
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hishinuma
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebihara
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asakage
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000601:surgery*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation*