title: Effects of copper vapor laser irradiation (lambda = 510.6 nm) on the enamel and dentine of human teeth: an ultra-structural morphologic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A morphological and ultra-structural study of copper vapor laser (lambda = 510.6 nm) effects on enamel and dentine was performed to show the effects of this radiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 human molars were cut in half; 15 pieces were separated for irradiation on enamel and 15 for dentine. These two groups were further divided into five experimental groups, including a control group, comprised of three half-sections each, irradiated by a CVL laser with a power of 7 W, a repetition rate of 15,000 pulses/sec and exposed at 500, 600, and 800 msec and 1 sec irradiation times with a 5-sec interval between irradiations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In an ultra-structural SEM exam, we observed that on the enamel surfaces irradiated for 1 sec there was morphological alteration that consisted of catering, flaking, and melting on the surfaces. There was no alteration for the other exposure times. On the dentine teeth irradiated for 1 sec, we observed an evident ultra-structural alteration of melted tissue and loss of morphological characteristics. In the dentine group irradiated by 800 msec, we observed ablation and a partial loss of morphological characteristics. In the dentine groups irradiated by 500 and 600 msec, no alteration was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results showed that irradiation with CVL promoted morphologic changes in the enamel as well as in the dentine and demonstrated a need for future studies in order to establish a safe protocol for further use in the odontological practice.
authors.affiliation: Academic Group Studies and Research with Lasers in Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University School of Dentistry, Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo, Brazil. niccoli@fosjc.unesp.br
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Niccoli-Filho
authors.forename: Luiz Alberto Plácido
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: Sigmar Mello
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Rode
authors.forename: Rudimar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riva
mesh_terms: D003300:Copper; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003804:Dentin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008963:Molar / Q000648:ultrastructure*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper