title: Oxidative stress mediates sodium arsenite-induced expression of heme oxygenase-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-6 in vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Arsenic exposure is associated with an increased risk of vascular disorders, and results in increased oxidative stress in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Since oxidative stress is involved in regulating the expression of genes related to atherogenesis, we investigated its involvement in the enhanced expression of three atherosclerosis-related genes coding for heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in VSMCs treated with inorganic sodium arsenite (iAs). In human VSMCs (hVSMCs) and rat VSMCs (rVSMCs), HO-1, MCP-1, and IL-6 mRNA levels were significantly increased by iAs treatment. An increase in HO-1 protein levels in hVSMCs was confirmed by Western blotting technique, while increased MCP-1 and IL-6 secretion by hVSMCs was demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Although modulators of oxidative stress inhibited this iAs-induced increase in the expression of these three genes, different modulators had differential effects. In iAs-treated rVSMCs, catalase, dimethylsulfoxide, and L-omega-nitro-L-arginine significantly inhibited the increase in expression of all three genes, allopurinol inhibited the increase in MCP-1 and IL-6 expression, but had no effect on HO-1 expression, while superoxide dismutase had no significant effect on HO-1 expression, but had an inhibitory effect on IL-6 expression and a stimulatory effect on MCP-1 expression. Therefore, iAs may enhance the expression of HO-1, MCP-1, and IL-6 in VSMCs via different reactive oxygen molecules. Furthermore, using tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) and anti-MCP-1 antibody to abolish iAs-induced HO-1 and MCP-1 activity, respectively, shows that HO-1 has protective effect against iAs-induced injury in VSMCs and MCP-1 is chemoattractive to human monocytes, THP-1.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Pei-Tou, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Pei-Chung
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I-Ching
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Te-Chang
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta; D018053:Arsenites / Q000633:toxicity*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000235:genetics; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D018053:Arsenites; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017670:Sodium Compounds; C017947:sodium arsenite; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1