title: Positive narrowing pharyngoplasty with forearm flap for functional restoration after extensive soft palate resection.
abstract: The restoration of velopharyngeal function after extensive soft palate resection to treat malignant oropharyngeal tumors is a major challenge to reconstructive surgeons. The authors had previously reconstructed soft palatal defects routinely with the folded forearm flap. A patient who had more than half of the soft palate excised experienced postoperative velopharyngeal dysfunction. To restore efficient velopharyngeal function, pharyngoplasty was additively applied where the folded ridge of the forearm flap was sutured to the posterior pharyngeal wall in an inverse manner of the pharyngeal flap technique. The essence of the procedure was positive narrowing of the nasopharyngeal space. Five patients who underwent this pharyngoplasty and another five who did not were evaluated for postoperative functions of speech intelligibility and of nasal regurgitation during oral feeding. The velopharyngeal movements of all patients were examined under a nasopharyngeal endoscope. The evaluations demonstrated that this surgical procedure afforded satisfactory results. This positive narrowing pharyngoplasty technique is simple, easy, and minimally invasive to the remaining healthy tissue, and it is the method of choice for the reconstruction of the soft palate after malignant tumor resection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan. kazunobu@med.kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazunobu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashikawa
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terashi
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ichinose
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003679:Deglutition; D005260:Female; D005542:Forearm / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013065:Speech Intelligibility; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome