title: Distinct heritable patterns of angiographic coronary artery disease in families with myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) are significantly determined by genetic background. Whether distinct angiographic features of CAD are affected by inherited factors has never been investigated. Thus, we analyzed comprehensively the extent to which various aspects of CAD, including disease severity, distribution of lesions, presence of coronary calcification, morphology of stenoses, and anatomic characteristics, are under genetic control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We retrospectively studied the coronary angiograms of 882 siblings with CAD from 401 families. These families were ascertained through index patients defined by MI before the age of 60 years and at least 1 sibling with MI or coronary revascularization procedures. Heritability calculations were performed with variance-component analysis. Additionally, recurrence risks to siblings were analyzed. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and age at the first coronary event displayed significant heritable components. After adjustment for age and sex, significant heritabilities were identified for proximal stenoses, in particular, left main CAD (h2=0.49+/-0.12; P=0.01), coronary calcification (h2=0.51+/-0.17; P=0.001), and ectatic coronary lesions (h2=0.52+/-0.07; P=0.001). In contrast, no heritability was found for distal disease (h2=0.05+/-0.19; NS), the pattern of coronary arterial blood supply, or the number of diseased vessels. Calculation of recurrence risks in siblings largely confirmed the heritability estimates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct morphological characteristics associated with CAD show different degrees of heritability. Notably, the most hazardous localizations, like left main or proximal disease, display a high heritability. In contrast, some features of coronary morphology, such as distal disease, do not appear to be markedly influenced by heritable factors.
authors.affiliation: Human and Molecular Genetics Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Broeckel
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holmer
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baessler
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hengstenberg
authors.forename: Bjoern
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Erdmann
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Guenter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riegger
authors.forename: Howard J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Heribert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schunkert
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002114:Calcinosis; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D023921:Coronary Stenosis; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000235:genetics*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D035781:Siblings