title: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography and ultrasound for the evaluation of tumor blood flow.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated implanted rat mammary adenocarcinoma tumors during a 5-week period using ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and histology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with a destruction-replenishment imaging scheme was used to derive estimates of blood volume and flow. These ultrasound-derived measures of microvascular physiology were compared with contrast-enhanced CT-derived measures of perfusion and vascular volume made by the Mullani-Gould formula and Patlak analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The tumor cross-sectional area and necrotic core cross-sectional area determined by the 3 methods were correlated (r>0.8, P<0.001, n=15). The spatial integral of perfusion estimated by CT correlated with the spatial integral of flow from ultrasound (P<0.05). The contrast-enhanced tumor area calculated from the ultrasound analysis was highly correlated with the contrast-enhanced area estimated by CT images (r=0.89, P<0.001, n=15). However, the fraction of the tumor area enhanced by the CT contrast agent was significantly larger than either the fraction enhanced by ultrasound contrast agent or than the viable area as estimated from histology slides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Destruction-replenishment ultrasound provides valuable information about the spatial distribution of blood flow and vascular volume in tumors and ultrasound analysis compares favorably with a validated contrast-enhanced CT method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Amy R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Broumas
authors.forename: Rachel E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.forename: Susannah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Bloch
authors.forename: Erik R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Wisner
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Griffey
authors.forename: Katherine W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D015674:Mammary Neoplasms, Animal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D047368:Tumor Burden; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media