title: Advances in celiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article aims to summarize recent critical research in celiac disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crucial epitopes that confer toxicity to gliadin and related prolamins continue to be defined, as do methods of assessing their toxicity. New approaches to making the gluten-free diet more palatable are being studied.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The position of proline residues is critical to the toxicity of cereal proteins to patients with celiac disease. Other genetic factors, apart from HLA status, remain elusive. Exciting advances in altering the toxicity of cereal proteins are being made.
authors.affiliation: Department of Academic Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom. medggr@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Howdle
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D000939:Epitopes; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D000939:Epitopes; D006680:HLA Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; C094840:MR1 protein, human; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D005903:Gliadin