title: Effects of blood orange juice intake on antioxidant bioavailability and on different markers related to oxidative stress.
abstract: Orange juice is a source of antioxidants that might afford in vivo protection from oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, we carried out a human intervention study with blood orange juice containing high amounts of vitamin C, anthocyanins, and carotenoids. Sixteen healthy female volunteers were enrolled in a crossover study and were given 600 mL/day of blood orange juice or a diet without juice for 21 days. Before and after each intervention period, plasma vitamin C, cyanidin-3-glucoside, and carotenoids were quantified. Furthermore, plasma antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde concentration in plasma, 11-dehydrotromboxane B(2) urinary excretion, and lymphocyte DNA damage were evaluated as biomarkers of oxidative stress. Blood orange juice consumption determined a significant increase in plasma vitamin C, cyanidin-3-glucoside, beta-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Also, lymphocyte DNA resistance to oxidative stress was improved whereas no effect was observed on the other markers that we analyzed. In turn, these results suggest that blood orange juice is a bioavailable source of antioxidants, which might moderately improve the antioxidant defense system; however, the long-term effects of its consumption are to be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology and Microbiology, Division of Human Nutrition, University of Milan, 21033 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Riso
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Visioli
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gardana
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grande
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brusamolino
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galvano
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Galvano
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porrini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000097:blood; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D001628:Beverages; D001682:Biological Availability; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000097:blood; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005960:Glucosides / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D018384:Oxidative Stress
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005960:Glucosides; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D002338:Carotenoids; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D001205:Ascorbic Acid