title: Induction of Th1 type response by DNA vaccinations with N, M, and E genes against SARS-CoV in mice.
abstract: Vaccination against the SARS-CoV infection is an attractive means to control the spread of viruses in public. In this study, we employed a DNA vaccine technology with the levamisole, our newly discovered chemical adjuvant, to generate Th1 type of response. To avoid the enhancement antibody issue, genes encoding the nucleocapsid, membrane, and envelope protein of SARS-CoV were cloned and their expressions in mammalian cells were determined. After the intramuscular introduction into animals, we observed that the constructs of the E, M, and N genes could induce high levels of specific antibodies, T cell proliferations, IFN-gamma, DTH responses, and in vivo cytotoxic T cells activities specifically against SARS-CoV antigens. The highest immune responses were generated by the construct encoding the nucleocapsid protein. The results suggest that the N, M, and E genes could be used as the targets to prevent SARS-CoV infection in the DNA vaccine development.
authors.affiliation: State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China.
authors.forename: Huali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Ze
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Youmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Yijie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Kaichun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Qifa
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yixian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000379:methods; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007978:Levamisole / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D016207:Cytokines; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D007978:Levamisole