title: Safety of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in surgical patients with severe sepsis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a retrospective evaluation of the overall safety of drotrecogin alfa (activated) in surgical patients with severe sepsis enrolled in PROWESS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A blinded Surgical Evaluation Committee (SEC) verified surgical patients as having undergone a significant operative procedure within 30 days prior to enrollment. Serious and treatment-emergent bleeding events, both during the study drug infusion period (120 h) and the entire 28-day study period were analyzed by surgical status and by treatment assignment. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serious bleeding rates during infusion in the surgical patients were 3.1% (7/228) and 0% (0/246) in the drotrecogin alfa (activated) and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.006). Treatment-emergent bleeding rates during infusion in the surgical patients were 16.7% (38/228) and 7.7% (19/246) in the drotrecogin alfa (activated) and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.003). None of the treatment-emergent bleeding events was fatal. Of seven drotrecogin alfa (activated) serious bleeding events, six were procedure-related. The serious bleeding rates within each treatment group were statistically indistinguishable between the medical and surgical patients. However, the medical patients had numerically higher treatment-emergent bleeding rates than the surgical patients within each treatment group. Despite this observation, overall surgical patients received more transfusions of red blood cells, of platelets, and of fresh frozen plasma than their medical counterparts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although treatment of surgical patients with drotrecogin alfa (activated) for severe sepsis is associated with a higher incidence of serious bleeding and subsequent treatment- emergent bleeding events, the magnitude of this increase is small and clinically acceptable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beilman
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rodman
authors.forename: Frank V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Booth
authors.forename: Becky M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Jill Shwed
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McCollam
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lowry
mesh_terms: D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011486:Protein C / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018805:Sepsis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011486:Protein C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C421124:drotrecogin alfa activated