title: Malignant transformation of human cells by constitutive expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB.
abstract: Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) comprise a family of growth factors strongly implicated in human oncogenesis. A number of human tumors overexpress PDGF family members or have translocations activating PDGF receptors. Whereas the epidemiologic evidence implicating PDGF in human tumors is strong, malignant transformation of human cells by overexpression of PDGF has not been demonstrated. We have previously developed a human cell line by the sequential introduction of large T cells and telomerase, and we have demonstrated that these cells express functionally active PDGF receptor (PDGFR) beta. In order to determine whether growth factor-mediated transformation of human cells could occur, these cells were transduced with a retrovirus encoding PDGF-BB. Constitutive expression of PDGF-BB led to malignant transformation in nude mice. This is the first demonstration of constitutive signaling causing malignant transformation of human cells. Some of the changes that occur because of constitutive growth factor expression can be reversed by the clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor Glivec, whereas other changes are not reversible by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Our model allows the assessment of epigenetic changes that occur during human carcinogenesis. In addition, these studies provide insight into the clinical failure of tyrosine kinase inhibitors as monotherapy for advanced malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affairs Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Baskaran
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Govindarajan
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schechner
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Arthur M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Mercurio
authors.forename: Rhoda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alani
authors.forename: Byungwoo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Chun-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Cuezva
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Jack L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Arbiser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D000077214:Becaplermin; D001549:Benzamides; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010879:Piperazines / Q000378:metabolism; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000378:metabolism; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; C497453:ID1 protein, human; C497455:Idb1 protein, mouse; D051798:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1; D010879:Piperazines; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011743:Pyrimidines; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000077214:Becaplermin; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases