title: Ventricular-vascular uncoupling increases expression of B-type natriuretic peptide in heart transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allograft adaptation to a foreign circulation is imperfect as noted from persistent limitations to stress. Effective arterial elastance (Ea), a measure of afterload, provides an estimate of aortic impedance. End systolic elastance (Ees) is a load-independent measure of ventricular performance as well as its interaction in the periphery. The ratio (Ea to Ees) characterizes ventricular-vascular coupling; a value close to unity signifies poor mechanical efficiency. The purpose of this investigation was to correlate mechanical efficiency of work with expression of B-type natriuretic peptide BNP, a specific marker of ventricular stress and strain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured BNP levels in 40 consecutive stable heart transplant recipients free from rejection. In addition, echocardiography was performed to obtain Ea, Ees, and their ratio (Ea to Ees) by the single-beat method. We examined correlates of BNP expression by assessing Ea to Ees, while correcting for mean arterial pressure, body mass index, left ventricular mass index, ejection fraction, and serum creatinine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BNP levels were significantly and positively correlated (r=0.38, P=.05) with an increased Ea to Ees ratio. By multivariable analysis, this relationship persisted independently (t=2.1, P=.04), while the five other measures were insignificant predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This investigation indicated that the transplanted heart demonstrates poor contractile efficiency and operates at maximal left ventricular work. This is paralleled by a tandem increase in BNP, suggesting that elevation in this stress peptide is at least partly explained by ventriculo-vascular uncoupling in heart transplantation, independent of alterations in blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Cardiomyopathy and Heart Transplantation Center Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA. mmehra@ochsner.org
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mehra
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Milani
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Richie
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Uber
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lavie
mesh_terms: D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000235:genetics*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain