title: Health-related quality of life in young survivors of childhood cancer using the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life-Youth Form.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of 8- to 12-year-old children undergoing therapy for cancer or childhood-cancer survivors by using the Minneapolis-Manchester Quality of Life-Youth Form (MMQL-YF), a comprehensive, multidimensional self-report instrument with demonstrable reliability and validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The MMQL-YF consists of 32 items comprising 4 scales: physical functioning, psychologic functioning, physical symptoms, and outlook on life. Scoring on the MMQL ranges from 1 to 5; 5 indicates maximal HRQL. An overall quality-of-life (QOL) score is also computed. By using a cross-sectional study design, the MMQL-YF was administered to 90 off-therapy cancer survivors, 72 children with cancer undergoing active therapy, and 481 healthy children without a history of cancer or other chronic disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy controls, children actively undergoing cancer treatment report low overall QOL, physical functioning, and outlook-on-life scores. However, off-therapy survivors report a superior overall QOL, compared with age-matched healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Young survivors of childhood cancer report a favorable HRQL relative to healthy controls. These results are reassuring, suggesting that this group of survivors may have been too young to encounter some of the negative psychosocial impacts of cancer and its treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Sadhna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: Meriel E M
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jenney
authors.forename: Todd H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Rockwood
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feusner
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friedman
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Smita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bhatia
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors / Q000523:psychology*; D014481:United States