title: A retrospective study on presbyopia onset and progression in a Hispanic population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluates differences in age and presbyopia progression between an ethnic Hispanic and a non-Hispanic patient population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient records from the Optometric Center of Los Angeles were examined retrospectively from 1998 through 2001. The first part of the study compared ages at onset and progression of presbyopia as a function of ethnicity. The second part of the study compared the amplitude of accommodation for the cohort of patients to Hofstetter's expected norms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 332 patient records were evaluated: 61% (n = 203) Hispanic and 39% (n = 129) non-Hispanic. For an add power of +0.75 D, presbyopia developed in the reviewed Hispanic population at 39.31 years of age in comparison to development in non-Hispanics at 40.22 years. Hispanics also had a similar progression of reading add power (0.105 D/year) as compared to non-Hispanics (0.097 D/year) (t= 0.798, p = 0.43). The progression of amplitude of accommodation for the Hispanic (amplitude = 11.2 - 0.132 x age) and non-Hispanic populations (amplitude = 9.72 - 0.18 x age) (t= 0.0997, p = 0.92) were comparable, but both groups show a slower decline of amplitude when compared to Hofstetter's norms (p< 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No statistically significant difference in the age at onset and progression of presbyopia was found between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients; however, both groups of patients have a later onset and slower progression of presbyopia when compared to Hofstetter's norms.
authors.affiliation: Optometric Center of Los Angeles, Southern California College of Optometry, Los Angeles, California 90037, USA. tcarnevali@scco.edu
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Carnevali
authors.forename: Pinhkeo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Southaphanh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015141:Los Angeles / Q000208:ethnology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011305:Presbyopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies