title: Novel synthesis, static and dynamic properties, and structural characteristics of 5-cyano[n](2,4)pyridinophane-6-ones (n= 9-6) and their chemical transformations.
abstract: A novel synthesis of 5-cyano[n](2,4)pyridinophane-6-ones 12a-d (n= 9, 8, 7, and 6) consists of allowing cyanoacetatoamide to react with cycloalk-2-enones. Their static and dynamic properties as well as structural characteristics are studied on the basis of their spectroscopic properties, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical calculations. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra at various temperatures have clarified the dynamic behavior of the methylene chains for [7](2,4)- and [6](2,4)pyridinophane-6-one derivatives 12c and 12d. The energy barrier (Delta G(++)) of the bridge flipping of 12c is estimated to be 12.0 kcal mol(-1)(T(c)= 0 degree C). On the other hand, compound 12d undergoes pseudorotation (conformational change of the methylene chain) at room temperature, and does not undergo bridge flipping even at 150 degree C in DMSO-d(6). The energy barrier (Delta G(++)) of the pseudorotation of the methylene chain 12d of is found to be 10.5 kcal mol(-1)(T(c)=-25 degree C), and thus, two stable conformers of the hexamethylene bridge of 12d are determined as predicted by theoretical calculations. Deformation of the pyridone ring of 12d is also determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Furthermore, chemical transformations of 12a-c leading to 5-carbamoyl[n](2,4)pyridinophanes 15a-c are also accomplished successfully in moderate to good yields.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakakida
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyabara
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naya