title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and antidepressant drugs have different but coordinated effects on neuronal turnover, proliferation, and survival in the adult dentate gyrus.
abstract: Antidepressants increase proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. We investigated the role of BDNF signaling in antidepressant-induced neurogenesis by using transgenic mice with either reduced BDNF levels (BDNF+/-) or impaired trkB activation (trkB.T1-overexpressing mice). In both transgenic strains, chronic (21 d) imipramine treatment increased the number of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells to degree similar to that seen in wild-type mice 24 h after BrdU administration, although the basal proliferation rate was increased in both transgenic strains. Three weeks after BrdU administration and the last antidepressant injection, the amount of newborn (BrdU- or TUC-4-positive) cells was significantly reduced in both BDNF+/- and trkB.T1-overexpressing mice, which suggests that normal BDNF signaling is required for the long-term survival of newborn hippocampal neurons. Moreover, the antidepressant-induced increase in the surviving BrdU-positive neurons seen in wild-type mice 3 weeks after treatment was essentially lost in mice with reduced BDNF signaling. Furthermore, we observed that chronic treatment with imipramine or fluoxetine produced a temporally similar increase in both BrdU-positive and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end-labeled neurons in the dentate gyrus, indicating that these drugs simultaneously increase both neurogenesis and neuronal elimination. These data suggest that antidepressants increase turnover of hippocampal neurons rather than neurogenesis per se and that BDNF signaling is required for the long-term survival of newborn neurons in mouse hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sairanen
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Patrik
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ernfors
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castrén
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castrén
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D018891:Dentate Gyrus / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006579:Heterozygote; D007099:Imipramine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D020813:Receptor, trkB / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D005473:Fluoxetine; D020813:Receptor, trkB; D007099:Imipramine