title: Immunohistochemical assessment of Viadent-associated leukoplakia.
abstract: Studies show an association between sanguinarine, the active ingredient in Viadent oral health care products, and oral premalignant lesions. The study was undertaken to quantitatively compare the staining profiles of sanguinarine-associated leukoplakia to normal and dysplastic specimens. Archived oral mucosal specimens were stained for tumor markers p16, p53, cyclin D1, Ki-67, and Bcl-x and analyzed through Simple PCI image analysis software. Quantitative analyses showed trends towards intermediate staining in Viadent-related specimens (Ki-67: normal: 18.12+/-2.15, Viadent: 16.12+/-2.16, dysplasia: 14.53+/-2.04, p>0.05; cyclin D1: normal: 15.65+/-3.68, Viadent: 12.52+/-3.57, dysplasia: 1.94+/-3.93, p<0.05; p16: normal: 55.04+/-4.16, Viadent: 49.74+/-4.16, dysplasia: 45.03+/-4.45; p>0.05; p53:normal: 2.65+/-1.37, Viadent: 4.64+/-1.52, dysplasia: 8.71+/-1.37; p<0.05 Kruskal Wallace, Tukey/Kramer). Our Viadent profiles, intermediate between normal and dysplasia, support a preneoplastic nature of this process.
authors.affiliation: American Cancer Society, Ohio Division, 5555 Frantz Road, Dublin, OH 43017, USA. kander20@utmem.edu
authors.forename: K Mark
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Stoner
authors.forename: Henry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Fields
authors.forename: Guillermo E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Chacon
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Dohar
authors.forename: Benjamin R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Gregg
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Mallery
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007546:Isoquinolines; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D007972:Leukoplakia, Oral / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D007546:Isoquinolines; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D009067:Mouthwashes; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C005705:sanguinarine