title: Chemical structure and biological activity of the Caenorhabditis elegans dauer-inducing pheromone.
abstract: Pheromones are cell type-specific signals used for communication between individuals of the same species. When faced with overcrowding or starvation, Caenorhabditis elegans secrete the pheromone daumone, which facilitates communication between individuals for adaptation to adverse environmental stimuli. Daumone signals C. elegans to enter the dauer stage, an enduring and non-ageing stage of the nematode life cycle with distinctive adaptive features and extended life. Because daumone is a key regulator of chemosensory processes in development and ageing, the chemical identification of daumone is important for elucidating features of the daumone-mediated signalling pathway. Here we report the isolation of natural daumone from C. elegans by large-scale purification, as well as the total chemical synthesis of daumone. We present the stereospecific chemical structure of purified daumone, a fatty acid derivative. We demonstrate that both natural and chemically synthesized daumones equally induce dauer larva formation in C. elegans (N2 strain) and certain dauer mutants, and also result in competition between food and daumone. These results should help to elucidate the daumone-mediated signalling pathway, which might in turn influence ageing and obesity research and the development of antinematodal drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Yonsei Proteome Research Center, Seoul 120-749, Korea. paikyk@yonsei.ac.kr
authors.forename: Pan-Young
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Mankil
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Yong-Hyeon
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Heekyeong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Moonsoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Eunmi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Weontae
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Ki
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Paik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010675:Pheromones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D005227:Fatty Acids; D010675:Pheromones; C496586:daumone, C elegans