title: Torsade de pointes induced by psychotropic drugs and the prevalence of its risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate all published case reports of torsade de pointes (TdP) induced by psychotropic drugs (PDs) in order to examine the prevalence of risk factors for TdP prior to the drug initiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We found 45 reports on 70 patients with TdP induced by PDs. Each report was analyzed for the presence of risk factors for TdP: female gender, heart disease, hypokalemia, high doses of offending agent, concomitant use of a QT interval prolonging agent, and a history of long-QT syndrome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female gender was the most common risk factor for TdP (71.4%). The other studied risk factors were also frequently present (34.2-14.2%). Nearly all patients had at least one and 51 (73%) patients had >2 risk factors for TdP prior to PD initiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We wish to raise the level of awareness of risk factors for TdP in the psychiatric community.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine D, Tel-Aviv Sourasku Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel. justo1@bezeqint.net
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Justo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Prokhorov
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zeltser
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013881:Thioridazine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016171:Torsades de Pointes / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D006220:Haloperidol; D013881:Thioridazine