title: Quality of care provided to febrile children presenting in rural private clinics on the Kenyan coast.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Private sector health facilities are diverse in nature, and offer widely varying quality of care (QOC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to describe the QOC provided to febrile children at rural private clinics on the Kenyan coast and stakeholder perspectives on standards of practice and opportunities for change.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collection methods were structured observations of consultations; interviews with users on exit from clinic and at home and in depth interviews with private practitioners (PP) and district health managers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Private clinics have basic structural features for health care delivery. The majority of the clinics in this study were owned and run by single-handed trained medical practitioners. Amongst 92 observed consultations, 62% of diagnoses made were consistent with the history, examinations and tests performed. 74% of childhood fevers were diagnosed as malaria, and 88% of all prescriptions contained an antimalarial drug. Blood slides for malaria parasites were performed in 55 children (60%). Of those whose blood slide was positive (n=27), 52% and 48% were treated with a nationally recommended first or second line antimalarial drug, respectively. Where no blood slide was done (n=37), 73% were prescribed a nationally recommended first line and 27% received a second line antimalarial drug. Overall, 68 % of antimalarial drugs were prescribed in an appropriate dose and regime. Both private practitioners and district health managers expressed the view that existing linkages between the public and private health sectors within the district are haphazard and inadequate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although rural PPs are potentially well placed for treatment of febrile cases in remote settings, they exhibit varying QOC. Practitioners, users and district managers supported the need to develop interventions to improve QOC. The study identifies the need to consider involvement of the for-profit providers in the implementation of the IMCI guidelines in Kenya.
authors.affiliation: Kenyatta University-Centre for Complementary Medicine and Biotechnology. Tabuya@kilifi.mimcom.net
authors.forename: T O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Abuya
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Molynuex
authors.forename: A S S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Orago
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Were
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007630:Kenya; D008288:Malaria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008487:Medical History Taking / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*