title: National study of physician awareness and adherence to cardiovascular disease prevention guidelines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few data have evaluated physician adherence to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention guidelines according to physician specialty or patient characteristics, particularly gender.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An online study of 500 randomly selected physicians (300 primary care physicians, 100 obstetricians/gynecologists, and 100 cardiologists) used a standardized questionnaire to assess awareness of, adoption of, and barriers to national CVD prevention guidelines by specialty. An experimental case study design tested physician accuracy and determinants of CVD risk level assignment and application of guidelines among high-, intermediate-, or low-risk patients. Intermediate-risk women, as assessed by the Framingham risk score, were significantly more likely to be assigned to a lower-risk category by primary care physicians than men with identical risk profiles (P<0.0001), and trends were similar for obstetricians/gynecologists and cardiologists. Assignment of risk level significantly predicted recommendations for lifestyle and preventive pharmacotherapy. After adjustment for risk assignment, the impact of patient gender on preventive care was not significant except for less aspirin (P<0.01) and more weight management recommended (P<0.04) for intermediate-risk women. Physicians did not rate themselves as very effective in their ability to help patients prevent CVD. Fewer than 1 in 5 physicians knew that more women than men die each year from CVD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perception of risk was the primary factor associated with CVD preventive recommendations. Gender disparities in recommendations for preventive therapy were explained largely by the lower perceived risk despite similar calculated risk for women versus men. Educational interventions for physicians are needed to improve the quality of CVD preventive care and lower morbidity and mortality from CVD for men and women.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. ljm10@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosca
authors.forename: Allison H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Linfante
authors.forename: Emelia J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berra
authors.forename: Sharonne N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Rosalind P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Fabunmi
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Susan Lee
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Simpson
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002309:Cardiology; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D019090:Case Management / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000628:therapy; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006176:Gynecology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy; D006973:Hypertension / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D009774:Obstetrics; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents