title: Clinical characteristics and patterns of medication use of migraneurs in Latin America from 12 cities in 6 countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to document the clinical characteristics of migraine and patterns of medication use in residents > or =15 years old in 12 Latin American urban communities.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Few large-scale population studies have established the symptoms and disability associated with migraine with or without aura in Latin American urban communities or the pattern of medication use in these regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, subjects in 12 urban communities, from 6 Latin American countries, were surveyed with a validated face-to-face interview questionnaire based on International Headache Society criteria for migraine. The questionnaire was completed during face-to-face interviews with headache sufferers within selected households and included questions about migraine symptoms, migraine-related disability, and the use of health-care resources and medications to treat migraines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 8618 people available for screening, 62% suffered from headaches. Of individuals with migraine, 42% reported consulting a health-care professional about their headaches. Of the migraineurs, 94.2% reported moderate to severe pain. Associated symptoms of nausea or vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and osmophobia were common during migraine attacks in 30.3, 76.4, 85.1, and 47.7% of subjects, respectively. The majority of subjects suffered between one and eight migraines each month. Although no previous diagnosis of migraine was reported by 65% of headache sufferers, migraineurs lost an average of 8 days in the preceding 3 months in any of the following areas: school, work, household chores, and/or social, family, or leisure activities. The agents used most widely to treat migraine were paracetamol and salicylates, while nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, dypirone, and ergotamines were also commonly used. Medication use varied widely among countries, but was predominantly nonprescription.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Migraine is a common disorder in Latin American urban communities imposing significant burden on individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the impact and the range of activities affected by migraine are similar to those of previous reports in other regions. The preponderance of nonprescription medications and the scarcity of migraine-specific triptans from the study findings are especially striking.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Department, Hospital Universitario de San Ignacio, Bogota, Colombia. lmorillo@javeriana.edu.co
authors.forename: Luis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Morillo
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alarcon
authors.forename: Nayesca
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aranaga
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aulet
authors.forename: Evelina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Lucien
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Conterno
authors.forename: Edmundo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Estevez
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Garcia-Pedroza
authors.forename: Juanita
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garrido
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Macias-Islas
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Monzillo
authors.forename: Lilia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nunez
authors.forename: Noel
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Plascencia
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Yuri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D004526:Efficiency; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007843:Latin America / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D012459:Salicylates; D000082:Acetaminophen