title: Antibacterial studies, DNA oxidative cleavage, and crystal structures of Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes with two quinolone family members, ciprofloxacin and enoxacin.
abstract: Nine coordination compounds of Cu(II) and Co(II) with Ciprofloxacin (HCp) and Enoxacin (HEx) as ligands have been prepared and characterized. Single crystal structural determinations of [Cu(HCp)2(ClO4)2].6H2O (1) and [Co(HEx)2(Ex)]Cl.2CH(3)OH.12H2O (4) are reported. The crystal of 1 is composed of [Cu(HCp)2(ClO4)2] units with the two perchlorate anions semicoordinated, and uncoordinated water molecules. The copper ion, at a crystallographic inversion centre, is in a tetragonally distorted octahedral environment. The structure of 4 consists of cationic monomeric [Co(HEx)2(Ex)]+ units, chloride anions, and uncoordinated methanol and water molecules. The complex is six-coordinate, with a slightly distorted octahedral environment around the metal centre. Some complexes of ciprofloxacin and enoxacin were screened for their activity against several bacteria, showing activity similar to that of the corresponding free ligands. All compounds tested were more active against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride and its complexes were more active than enoxacin and its complexes. In addition, the bactericidal studies against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 reveal that one complex exhibits the "paradoxical effect" (diminution in the number of bacteria killed at high drug concentration), which has been described and related to the mechanism of action of quinolones, but three other complexes do not, suggesting different mechanisms of bactericidal action. The ability of Cu(HCp)2(NO3)2.6H2O to cleave DNA has been determined. The results show that the complex behaves as an efficient chemical nuclease with ascorbate/hydrogen peroxide activation. Mechanistic studies using different inhibiting reagents reveal that hydroxyl radicals are involved in the DNA scission process mediated by this compound.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés S/N, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Garrido
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perelló
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alzuet
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Alvarez
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cantón
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu-González
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: García-Granda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pérez-Priede
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D003035:Cobalt / Q000737:chemistry*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D004587:Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; D015365:Enoxacin / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D008024:Ligands; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D015363:Quinolones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002412:Cations; D008024:Ligands; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D015363:Quinolones; D015365:Enoxacin; D003035:Cobalt; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D003300:Copper; D004247:DNA