title: Angiotension-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism in patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms.
abstract: A polymorphism of the human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been identified in which the insertion (I) rather than the deletion (D) variant is associated with lower circulating and tissue ACE activity. ACE I allele is associated with resistance and endurance performance. Skeletal muscle metabolic efficiency is reduced in patients with heart failure and is improved by ACE inhibition. Profound muscle fatigue is a predominant and debilitating symptom in a proportion or patients with angina and normal coronary arteriograms (ANCA), and we postulated that the gene D allele might be associated with the presence of fatigue in ANCA patients. We studied 33 consecutive patients with typical ANCA who completed a validated fatigue questionnaire, and found an excess of the D allele frequency in patients with the highest fatigue scores compared to those with the lowest (64% vs. 36%; p=0.027).
authors.forename: Eugenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Rey
authors.forename: Hugh E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: Ramón
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arroyo-Espliguero
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kaski
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D017566:Microvascular Angina / Q000235:genetics*; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000235:genetics; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
chemical_list: D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A