title: Transmission and prenatal diagnosis of the T9176C mitochondrial DNA mutation.
abstract: A family presented with three affected children with Leigh syndrome, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Analysis of the OXPHOS complexes in muscle of two affected patients showed an increase in activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase and a decrease of complex V activity. Mutation analysis revealed the T9176C mutation in the mtATPase 6 gene (OMIM 516060) and the mutation load was above 90% in the patients. Unaffected maternal relatives were tested for carrier-ship and one of them, with a mutation load of 55% in blood, was pregnant with her first child. The possibility of prenatal diagnosis was evaluated. The main problem was the lack of data on genotype-phenotype associations for the T9176C mutation and on variation of the mutation percentage in tissues and in time. Therefore, multiple tissues of affected and unaffected carriers were analysed. Eventually, prenatal diagnosis was offered with understanding by the couple that there could be considerable uncertainty in the interpretation of the results. Prenatal diagnosis was carried out twice on cultured and uncultured chorion villi and amniotic fluid cells. The result was a mutation percentage just below the assumed threshold of expression (90%). The couple decided to continue the pregnancy and an apparently healthy child was born with an as yet unclear prognosis. This is the first prenatal diagnosis for a carrier of the T9176C mutation. Prenatal diagnosis for this mutation is technically reliable, but the prognostic predictions are not straightforward.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: L J A M
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: I F M
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: de Coo
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Nijland
authors.forename: R J H
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Galjaard
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Los
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schoonderwoerd
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Niermeijer
authors.forename: J P M
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Geraedts
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Scholte
authors.forename: H J M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Smeets
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007888:Leigh Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases / Q000235:genetics*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; C501005:MT-ATP6 protein, human; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; D025261:Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases