Norovirus transmission on cruise ship.
An outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis affected passengers on two consecutive cruises of ship X and continued on 4 subsequent cruises despite a 1-week sanitization. We documented transmission by food and person-to-person contact; persistence of virus despite sanitization onboard, including introductions of new strains; and seeding of an outbreak on land.
Isakbaeva
Elmira T
ET
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Widdowson
Marc-Alain
MA
Beard
R Suzanne
RS
Bulens
Sandra N
SN
Mullins
James
J
Monroe
Stephan S
SS
Bresee
Joseph
J
Sassano
Patricia
P
Cramer
Elaine H
EH
Glass
Roger I
RI
D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012767:Ships; D014195:Travel