title: Early decline of pancreatic function in cystic fibrosis patients with class 1 or 2 CFTR mutations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most cystic fibrosis (CF) patients develop steatorrhea and require pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. However, there are few data regarding the decline of exocrine pancreatic function within the first years of life in relation to CF genotype. We assessed the decline of pancreatic function in CF infants carrying class 1 or 2 CFTR mutations who were diagnosed in a neonatal screening program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight CF patients were included in the study and 27 completed the study. In all subjects, fecal pancreatic elastase-1 concentrations and fecal fat excretion were scheduled to be determined at diagnosis, at 6 months of age and subsequently at 6-month intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all CF patients, fecal pancreatic elastase-1 concentrations of the first assay after diagnosis (3 to 4 months of age) were lower than the cut-off level for normals of <200 microg/g stool. Steatorrhea was found in 81.5% of these subjects. At the age of 6 months, all screened CF subjects had fecal pancreatic elastase-1 concentrations <100 microg/g and at the age of 12 months all were pancreatic insufficient. At that time, having proved pancreatic insufficiency in all studied subjects, we stopped the scheduled further assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CF patients require careful monitoring of pancreatic status from diagnosis onwards. In patients carrying class 1 or 2 CFTR mutations, pancreatic insufficiency develops in the first months of life. The proper assessment of pancreatic insufficiency and intestinal malabsorption is crucial for the early introduction of pancreatic enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland. jarwalk@am.poznan.pl
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Walkowiak
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sands
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowakowska
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piotrowski
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zybert
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Herzig
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milanowski
mesh_terms: D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics; D010188:Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010186:Pancreatic Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D045602:Steatorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase