title: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the transmembrane isozyme XII with sulfonamides-a new target for the design of antitumor and antiglaucoma drugs?
abstract: The inhibition of a newly cloned human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), isozyme XII (hCA XII), has been investigated with a series of sulfonamides, including some clinically used derivatives (acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamide, benzolamide, and sulpiride, or indisulam, a compound in clinical development as antitumor drug), as well as the sulfamate antiepileptic drug topiramate. Some simple amino-/hydrazine-/hydroxy-substituted aromatic/heterocyclic sulfonamides have also been included in the study. All types of activity have been detected, with several medium potency inhibitors (K(I)s in the range of 34-220 nM), whereas ethoxzolamide and several halogenated sulfanilamides showed stronger potency, with K(I)s in the range of 11-22 nM. The antiglaucoma sulfonamides used clinically, except dichlorophenamide, which is a moderate inhibitor (K(I) of 50 nM), as well as topiramate, indisulam, and sulpiride behave as very potent hCA XII inhibitors, with K(I)s in the range of 3.0-5.7 nM. Several subnanomolar inhibitors (K(I)s in the range of 0.30-0.85 nM) have also been detected. Compounds with excellent selectivity against hCA XII over hCA II have been found, showing selectivity ratios in the range of 177.7-566.7. Apparently, hCA XII is a target of the antiglaucoma sulfonamides, and potent hCA XII inhibitors may be developed/used for the management of hypoxic tumors, together with inhibitors of the other tumor-associated isozyme, CA IX.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vullo
authors.forename: Alessio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Innocenti
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nishimori
authors.forename: Jaromír
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pastorek
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scozzafava
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pastoreková
authors.forename: Claudiu T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Supuran
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D015195:Drug Design; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D013449:Sulfonamides; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; C477378:carbonic anhydrase XII