title: Host factors in occupational diisocyanate asthma: a Swiss longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the usefulness of surrogates for individual susceptibility to organic diisocyanates in occupational asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  All new cases declared to the Swiss National Accident Insurance Company (SUVA) for establishment of a case for compensable occupational disease during 1993. Sixty-nine persons, of whom three were women, were suspected of having occupational asthma due to isocyanates. Of these, 47 subjects fulfilled the criteria to be accepted as an occupational disease case.
  
  
  METHODS
  All subjects were studied clinically and gave a blood sample for the phenotyping of their alpha-antitrypsin status and for immunological studies. The subjects were also given a peroral dose of caffeine for the determination of their N-acetylation capacity. Finally, those with an occupational disease were subjected to the methacholine provocation test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four persons with occupational disease, out of 47, were heterozygous antitrypsin carriers and/or slow acetylators of primary amines. In the bronchial provocation with methacholine, 12 of these subjects had an unaltered response and seven had a mild reaction, 13 a moderate one and 15 a severe reaction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study confirms the finding that slow N-acetylators are susceptible to asthma from exposure to common diisocyanate monomers at work. The same applies to heterozygous antitrypsin-phenotype carriers. Thus, the use of these markers may reinforce the diagnostic procedure, but they cannot completely replace the immunological tests.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Bugnon 19, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland. Michele.Berode@hospvd.ch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Berode
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruegger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savolainen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001249:Asthma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics*; D015415:Biomarkers; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000235:genetics; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D017953:Isocyanates / Q000276:immunology / Q000633:toxicity*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010641:Phenotype; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014942:Workers' Compensation
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017953:Isocyanates