title: [Deliberate termination of life in newborns in The Netherlands; review of all 22 reported cases between 1997 and 2004].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain insight into the reporting and assessment of active termination of life in newborns in The Netherlands. DESIGN; Retrospective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on all cases of deliberate termination of life in newborns up to the age of 6 months, reported to the public prosecutor as from 1997 onward, were collected and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In January 1997-June 2004, 22 cases of deliberate termination of life in newborns were reported. All cases concerned newborns with spina bifida and hydrocephalus. Deliberate termination of life was acceptable to the physicians because of the presence of hopeless suffering, with no means of alleviating the suffering. In all cases, at least 2 doctors were consulted outside the medical team. In 17 of 22 cases, a multidisciplinary spina bifida team was consulted. All parents consented to the termination of life; in 4 cases they explicitly requested it. In 14 cases a combination of analgesics, sedatives and paralyzing drugs were used, in 8 cases only analgesics and sedatives were administered. For the public prosecutor the termination of life was acceptable if 4 requirements were properly fulfilled: the presence of hopeless and unbearable suffering, consent of the parents to termination of life, consultation having taken place and a careful execution ofthe termination. The mean time between reporting of the case and the decision concerning prosecution was 5.3 months. None of the cases led to prosecution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three cases of deliberate termination of life in newborns were reported in The Netherlands annually. The public prosecutor used fixed criteria to assess the case and all cases of active termination of life reported were found to be in accordance with good practice.
authors.affiliation: Academisch Ziekenhuis, Beatrix Kinderkliniek, Postbus 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen. e.verhagen@bkk.azg.nl
authors.forename: A A E
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Verhagen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sol
authors.forename: O F
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Sauer
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D028601:Euthanasia, Active / Q000941:ethics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000150:complications*