title: Prevalence and prognostic role of cardiovascular complications in patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admitted to Italian respiratory intensive care units.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular complications are frequently observed in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) admitted to respiratory intensive care units and may affect the prognosis. The aims of this study were to evaluate a) the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in patients with COPD exacerbation admitted to respiratory intensive care units, b) which parameters detected at admission were predictive of cardiovascular complications, and c) the prognostic role of cardiovascular complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 278 consecutive patients with COPD admitted to 11 Italian respiratory intensive care units between November 1997 and January 1998 has been retrospectively analyzed. All cardiovascular complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and ten patients (39.6%) developed cardiovascular complications: congestive heart failure 49 (17.6%), arrhythmias 40 (14.4%), shock 13 (4.7%), and hypotension 11 (4%). Multivariate analysis showed that the APACHE II score, ECG abnormalities (supraventricular ectopic beats, right and/or left ventricular hypertrophy) and digoxin therapy were independent predictors of cardiovascular complications. The overall mortality was 9% being 4.7% in patients without and 15.5% in patients with cardiovascular complications (p = 0.0044). Multivariate analysis showed that the APACHE II score, respiratory rate, pneumonia and end-stage respiratory diseases were independent predictors of mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiovascular complications occurred in many patients with COPD exacerbation admitted to respiratory intensive care units, and identify a subset of patients with higher mortality.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, C. Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy. cleante@libero.it
authors.forename: Cleante
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scarduelli
authors.forename: Nicolino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Confalonieri
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gorini
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sturani
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mollica
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bellone
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Magni
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corrado
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D012124:Respiratory Care Units; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors