title: The stress-responsive chaperone alpha-crystallin 2 is required for pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
abstract: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has two members of the alpha-crystallin (Acr) family of molecular chaperones. Expression of Acr1 is induced by exposure to hypoxia or nitric oxide and is associated with bacterial persistence in a non-replicating state. Expression of Acr2 is induced by heat shock, oxidative stress, and uptake by macrophages. We have shown that Acr2 continues to be expressed at a high level during both acute and chronic infection in the mouse model, with an increased ratio of acr2:acr1 mRNA in the persistent phase. Deletion of the acr2 gene resulted in a decrease in the resistance of M. tuberculosis to oxidative stress but did not impair growth in mouse bone marrow macrophages. There was no difference in bacterial load in mice infected with an acr2 deletion mutant, but a marked alteration in disease progression was evident from reduced weight loss over a prolonged infection. This correlated with reduced recruitment of T-cells and macrophages to the lungs of mice infected with the acr2 mutant and reduced immune-related pathology. These findings demonstrate that both alpha-crystallins contribute to persistent infection with M. tuberculosis and suggest that manipulation of acr expression can influence the host response to infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK. G.Stewart@surrey.ac.uk
authors.forename: Graham R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Katalin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Humphreys
authors.forename: Helen N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000473:pathology; D038201:alpha-Crystallins / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D038201:alpha-Crystallins; C500452:alpha-crystallin 2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide