title: Norovirus transmission on cruise ship.
abstract: An outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis affected passengers on two consecutive cruises of ship X and continued on 4 subsequent cruises despite a 1-week sanitization. We documented transmission by food and person-to-person contact; persistence of virus despite sanitization onboard, including introductions of new strains; and seeding of an outbreak on land.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Elmira T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Isakbaeva
authors.forename: Marc-Alain
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Widdowson
authors.forename: R Suzanne
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.forename: Sandra N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bulens
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mullins
authors.forename: Stephan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Monroe
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bresee
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sassano
authors.forename: Elaine H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Roger I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D029322:Norovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012767:Ships; D014195:Travel