title: Troxerutin protects the isolated perfused rat liver from a possible lipid peroxidation by coumarin.
abstract: For more than 40 years coumarin has been successfully used in the therapy of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). The occurrence of liver injuries is rather rare and happens predominantly when doses are administered which are significantly higher than necessary for therapeutical use. Such effects caused by high coumarin concentrations are reproducible in in vivo experiments in mice or rats and HepG2-cells. In order to characterize the mechanism of liver injuries, the isolated perfused rat liver has been chosen as model. Since liver injuries are quite rare, if coumarin is used in co-medication with troxerutin, a possible protective influence of this flavonoid has been investigated. In concentrations higher than 4 mmol/l, coumarin alone is effective in the isolated perfused rat liver. Then the release of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increases and there is a measurable reduction of perfusion flow, oxygen consumption and rate of bile secretion. Additionally, the concentrations of hepatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and oxidized and total glutathione (GSSG/GSH) decrease. In the livers of fasting animals, coumarin doubles the concentration of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA). This effect cannot be detected if troxerutin is added. In general, troxerutin reduces the concentration of all coumarin-metabolites in the perfusate and bile and changes the ratio of the main metabolites, coumarin: 3-hydroxycoumarin: 7-hydroxycoumarin. An analysis of the metabolic steps also shows that the amount of coumarin eliminated via faeces does not stem from absorbed coumarin, because the amount of orally applied coumarin detectable in the bile is less than 1%. The study demonstrates that troxerutin has hepatoprotective properties and thus protects the liver from a possible lipid peroxidation caused by coumarin. However, it is necessary to point out that these adverse effects caused by coumarin can be detected only in very high concentrations considerably above the regular therapeutical dosage. This allows the conclusion that troxerutin is a beneficial cofactor in coumarin preparations used for the therapy of chronic venous insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Luebeck, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pentz
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Siegers
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Strubelt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tegtmeier
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003374:Coumarins / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D006896:Hydroxyethylrutoside / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D029903:Melilotus; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D003374:Coumarins; D006896:Hydroxyethylrutoside; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; C005865:troxerutin; C030123:coumarin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase