title: Idiopathic male pseudohermaphroditism is associated with prenatal growth retardation.
abstract: About 50% of intersex cases are due to male pseudohermaphroditism, and of these cases, 50% are not clarified aetiologically. The association of idiopathic male pseudohermaphroditism and prenatal growth retardation has been recently reported. The aim of this study was to verify whether there was a difference in weight and/or length at birth between idiopathic and non-idiopathic male pseudohermaphroditism patients. A total of 70 patients with male pseudohermaphroditism were recruited; 35 non-idiopathic and 35 idiopathic. Birth weight and length were converted to z scores, and the severity of genital ambiguity was classified according to Prader grades: less virilized (Prader 1 to 3) and more virilized (Prader 4 or 5). Data were analysed using a Mann-Whitney test, odds ratio and logistic regression analysis. Birth weight (P = 0.028) and length (P = 0.01) z scores were lower in the idiopathic male pseudohermaphroditism group compared to the non-idiopathic group and were also significantly decreased among the less virilized patients, both in the sample as a whole (weight z score, P = 0.002; length z score, P = 0.0008) and in the group of idiopathic patients (weight z score, P = 0.013; length z score, P = 0.007). According to logistic regression analysis, only birth length z score significantly predicted the severity of the genital ambiguity in patients with idiopathic male pseudohermaphroditism ( P = 0.0007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an association between prenatal growth retardation and male pseudohermaphroditism which may be due to genetic factors not clarified yet or to environmental factors which act early in gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Andrade Machado Neto
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moreno Morcillo
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trevas Maciel-Guerra
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guerra-Junior
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001827:Body Height; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D012720:Severity of Illness Index