title: Phase transitions of a tethered surface model with a deficit angle term.
abstract: The Nambu-Goto model is investigated by using the canonical Monte Carlo simulations on fixed connectivity surfaces of spherical topology. Three distinct phases are found: crumpled, tubular, and smooth. The crumpled and the tubular phases are smoothly connected, and the tubular and the smooth phases are connected by a discontinuous transition. The surface in the tubular phase forms an oblong and one-dimensional object similar to a one-dimensional linear subspace in the Euclidean three-dimensional space R3 . This indicates that the rotational symmetry inherent in the model is spontaneously broken in the tubular phase, and it is restored in the smooth and the crumpled phases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering, Ibaraki College of Technology, Nakane 866 Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 312-8508, Japan. koibuchi@mech.ibaraki-ct.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koibuchi
authors.forename: Zion
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara