title: An acylation cycle regulates localization and activity of palmitoylated Ras isoforms.
abstract: We show that the specific subcellular distribution of H- and Nras guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins is generated by a constitutive de/reacylation cycle that operates on palmitoylated proteins, driving their rapid exchange between the plasma membrane (PM) and the Golgi apparatus. Depalmitoylation redistributes farnesylated Ras in all membranes, followed by repalmitoylation and trapping of Ras at the Golgi, from where it is redirected to the PM via the secretory pathway. This continuous cycle prevents Ras from nonspecific residence on endomembranes, thereby maintaining the specific intracellular compartmentalization. The de/reacylation cycle also initiates Ras activation at the Golgi by transport of PM-localized Ras guanosine triphosphate. Different de/repalmitoylation kinetics account for isoform-specific activation responses to growth factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rocks
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peyker
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kahms
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Verveer
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koerner
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lumbierres
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuhlmann
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waldmann
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wittinghofer
authors.forename: Philippe I H
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Bastiaens
mesh_terms: D000215:Acylation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019556:COS Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004285:Dogs; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)