title: Maternal and neonatal outcomes of assaults during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess perinatal outcomes of women hospitalized for assault during pregnancy as a function of timing of delivery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective population-based study analyzing maternal discharge records linked to birth/death certificates in California from 1991 to 1999 was performed. International Classifications of Disease, Ninth Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes were used to identify injury types and outcomes. External causation codes identified assaults as the mechanism of the injuries. Injury Severity Scores were assessed. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and multivariate logistic regression was used for analysis of outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,070 women were hospitalized during pregnancy after sustaining an assault. Assaulted women were younger, multiparous, and with delayed prenatal care compared with unassaulted controls. Women delivering at the assault hospitalization had high rates of prematurity: 24%, OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.8-3.3), maternal death: 0.71%, OR 19 (95% CI 2.7-144.7), fetal death: 9.3%, OR 8 (95% CI 4.6-14.3), uterine rupture: 0.71%, OR 46 (95% CI 6.5-337.8), and other adverse outcomes compared with unassaulted women. Women discharged after an assault, delivering at a subsequent hospitalization, had increased risks of abruption: 2%, OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.3-2.5), hemorrhage: 3.2%, OR 1.8 (95% CI 1.4-2.5), prematurity: 15%, OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.2-1.5), and low birth weight: 13.4%, OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.5-1.9) at delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women sustaining an assault during pregnancy experience both immediate (uterine rupture, increased fetal and maternal mortality) and long-term sequelae (prematurity and low birth weight infants), which have significant negative effects on pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  III.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California-Davis, 4860 Y Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Dina
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: El Kady
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Guibo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Lloyd H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D018585:Battered Women; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D016015:Logistic Models; D008423:Maternal Age; D008428:Maternal Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011336:Probability; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014754:Violence