title: Three years experience with monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency ablation surgery in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In our population permanent atrial fibrillation (pAF) is a frequent concomitant problem in patients undergoing open heart surgery. A 3-year experience with a treatment strategy using mono- and bipolar radiofrequency (RF) ablation procedures in a heterogeneous group of patients is reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective analysis the incidence of pAF among all patients undergoing open heart surgery in our department between February 2001 and July 2004 was evaluated. In a second step a selective group of 106 patients with pAF (primary mitral: n=63; aortic: n=24; CABG: n=16; aortic+mitral: n=3) underwent either monopolar (n=86) or bipolar (n=20) RF ablation procedures creating two encircling isolation lesions around the left and the right pulmonary veins (PVs) and a connection line between both. In addition amiodarone was given for 3 months after surgery. Regular follow-ups were performed 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of pAF in the total group of 4.110 patients was 3.6%. While the rate was low in cases without severe heart valve disease (1.1%), a significantly higher presence of pAF in patients scheduled for heart valve surgery (10.3%) was observed (P<0.0001). The incidence was 30-39% in patients with degenerative and rheumatic mitral valve (MV) disease, and further particularly high in the older aged compared to younger patients (4.2-8.3% at 70-99 years; P<0.001). Hospital mortality after combined open heart and RF ablation surgery was 1.9%. Whereas patients with small left atrial size (LA-diameters <56 mm; n=59) had SR in almost 90% at follow-up, LA enlargement (LA-diameter > or =56 mm; n=47) was associated with a significant risk of persisting pAF after surgery (P=0.033, 0.002 and 0.006 at 3, 6 and 9 months follow-up).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of RF ablation procedures in combination with amiodarone therapy represents a safe and efficient option to cure pAF during open heart surgery in a selective group of patients. The preoperative LA size was of significant importance for the outcome in this investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, AK St. Georg, Lohmuehlenstrasse 5, 20099 Hamburg, Germany. stgeidel@aol.com
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geidel
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostermeyer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lass
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Betzold
authors.forename: Anh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: Folke
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boczor
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kuck
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome