title: Laparoscopic bowel injury in an animal model: monocyte migration and apoptosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Unrecognized laparoscopic bowel injury has a delayed and covert presentation. Differences in monocyte migration and apoptosis between laparoscopic and open bowel injury were determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, 24 rabbits were divided into laparoscopic (n = 9) and open surgical (n = 9) bowel injury groups and a control group (n = 6) without bowel injury. Bowel injury was created using monopolar electrocautery. The animals were killed 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after surgery. Monocyte migration assay was performed across a modified Boyden chamber. Apoptosis was assessed by DNA fluorescent stain H-33342.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In laparoscopy, monocyte apoptosis was decreased (p < 0.001), and migration was increased (p < 0.05), as compared with the open group. Apoptosis increased over time in both study groups, and was higher than in the control group (p < 0.001). Migration was decreased in both study groups as compared with the control group (p < 0.05)
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest decreased immune system priming with laparoscopic bowel injury, which may contribute to the masking of relevant signs and symptoms of peritonitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040-1496, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Hakim
authors.forename: J P A
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Aldana
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000032:analysis; D002058:Burns, Electric / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D004564:Electrocoagulation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000032:analysis; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007813:Laparotomy; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial; D011817:Rabbits; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C017807:bisbenzimide ethoxide trihydrochloride