title: New retrievable coil anchors: preliminary in vivo experiences in swine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To design and test retrievable coil anchors to improve the safety and efficacy of coil embolization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two 0.038-inch homemade retrievable stainless steel coils were equipped with one of four different pre-shaped nitinol anchors and tested in 38 pigs. All coils with the anchor were completely retrieved and redeployed 3-18 times (median 7 times) prior to release. Types 1 and 2 anchored coils were acutely deployed in the external iliac arteries (n = 10 each), and chronically tested (1 week) in the common carotid arteries (n = 6 each). Larger type 1 (n = 4), type 3 (n = 6), and type 4 (n = 4) anchored coils were acutely deployed in the abdominal aorta. The largest type 1 anchors (n = 6) were acutely tested in the inferior vena cava.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All anchored coils were successfully retrieved and repositioned several times. All but two coils formed a compact plug and there was no coil migration except with two mechanically defective type 3 anchors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of retrievable anchors allowed the coils to be retrieved and repositioned, prevented coil migration, and enabled compact coil configuration.
authors.affiliation: Section of Interventional Radiology, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. akonya@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kónya
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D000818:Animals; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000517:prevention & control; D007083:Iliac Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D012449:Safety; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013499:Surface Properties; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D013193:Stainless Steel; C013616:nitinol