title: External ventricular drains: is there a time limit in children?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The time limit for the use of external ventricular drains (EVDs) has always been controversial. The purpose of this study is to find out if there is a time limit with regard to infection of EVDs and their duration of use in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 28 patients who had a total of 46 EVDs over a 4-year period at the Regional Paediatric Neurosurgical Centre at the Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Alder Hey, Liverpool, UK, were retrieved. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white cell counts, CSF Gram stains and the CSF culture results were analysed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is no time limit for EVDs in children. They can be left as long as clinically indicated provided strict protocols are followed in the handling of the set.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, UK. Kba_bas@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Basem A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Zaid
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sarsam
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buxton
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002452:Cell Count; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014696:Ventriculostomy / Q000379:methods*