title: PI3K/AKT is involved in mediating survival signals that rescue Ewing tumour cells from fibroblast growth factor 2-induced cell death.
abstract: While in vitro studies had shown that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) can induce cell death in Ewing tumours, it remained unclear how Ewing tumour cells survive in vivo within a FGF2-rich microenvironment. Serum- and integrin-mediated survival signals were, therefore, studied in adherent monolayer and anchorage-independent colony cell cultures. In a panel of Ewing tumour cell lines, either adhesion to collagen or exposure to serum alone only had a minor protective effect against FGF2. However, both combined led to complete resistance to 5 ng ml(-1) FGF2 in three of four FGF2-sensitive cell lines (RD-ES, RM-82 and WE-68), and to an increased survival as compared to other culture conditions in TC-71 cells. Inhibition studies with LY294002 demonstrated that the serum signal is mediated via the phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase/AKT pathway. Thus, Ewing tumour cells escape FGF2-induced cell death by modulating FGF2 signalling. The tumour microenvironment provides the necessary survival signals by integrin-mediated adhesion and soluble serum factor(s). These survival signals warrant further investigation as a potential resistance mechanism to other apoptosis-inducing agents in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33, 48249 Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hotfilder
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sondermann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Senss
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Valen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jürgens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vormoor
mesh_terms: D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C494918:AKT1 protein, human