title: Use of humour in primary care: different perceptions among patients and physicians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (1) To explore the frequency with which humorous behaviour and statements occur in family medicine practice in Israel, and (2) to quantitatively assess the correlation between the subjective perceptions of humour in medical encounters between patients and physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross sectional study, two populations (doctors and patients) were surveyed with paired structured questionnaires completed immediately after primary care practice visits. Two hundred and fifty consecutive encounters from 15 practices were sampled. The physician questionnaire was self administered, and patient questionnaire was administered by a trained research assistant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean of 16.7 questionnaires was completed per physician (range 6-20). The physicians reported having used some humour in only 95 encounters (38%), whereas almost 60% of patients agreed with the statement, "The doctor used some humour during the visit". At the same time, for specific encounters, the agreement between patients' perception and physicians' perceptions on the use of humour, although not completely by chance (p = 0.04), is low (kappa = 0.115). Patient characteristics (age, education, gender, family status, mother tongue, self perceived heath status, stress, mood, and expectations) were not related to the degree of agreement between the patients' and physicians' perceptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Humour was used in a large proportion of encounters, independently of patient characteristics. Patients seem to be more sensitised to humour than physicians, probably because of their high stress level during medical encounters. Cultural differences may also play a part. Physicians should be made aware of this magnifying effect, and the issue should be discussed in medical schools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Granek-Catarivas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goldstein-Ferber
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Azuri
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinker
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kahan
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007557:Israel; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010465:Perception; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D014925:Wit and Humor as Topic