title: Sevoflurane-induced preconditioning protects against cerebral ischemic neuronal damage in rats.
abstract: In the present study, we tested the ability of sevoflurane to induce early and late preconditioning against ischemic neuronal injury using an in vivo model of global cerebral ischemia in the rat. Seven-minute global ischemia was induced by cardiac arrest, followed by resuscitation and recovery for 7 days. Hippocampal slices were then prepared and the amplitude of extracellularly recorded, orthodromically evoked, CA1 population spikes (neuronal function) was quantified. Rats were preconditioned for 30 min with 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane once or on 4 consecutive days, 15 min (single exposure, early) or 24 h (four exposures, late preconditoning) prior to cardiac arrest. After early or late preconditioning, sevoflurane reduced ischemic neuronal damage from 43 +/- 3% [sham rats, (mean +/- SEM)] to 30 +/- 3% and 35 +/- 4%, respectively. Histopathology demonstrated a preserved morphology of the CA1 region of preconditioned rats, whereas pyknosis was present in control and sham-treated rats. Sevoflurane-induced preconditioning confers neuroprotection during an early as well as late time window.
authors.affiliation: Brain Attack Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 530 S. Jackson Street, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
authors.forename: Ralphiel S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Ozan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Akca
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Roewer
authors.forename: Avital
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schurr
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kehl
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009410:Nerve Degeneration / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D000077149:Sevoflurane