title: Alterations of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) gene in pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) antagonizes matrix metalloproteinase activity and can suppress tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastases. In the present study, the involvement of TIMP3 in the tumorigenesis of 34 pancreatic adenocarcinomas was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry, methylation-specific PCR, and RNA expression analysis (RT-PCR) of TIMP3 were performed in 34 resected and microdissected primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry showed loss or strongly reduced protein expression in 17 of 34 pancreatic adenocarcinomas (50%) that corresponded to loss of TIMP3-RNA-expression. Promoter hypermethylation was identified in 2 of 34 tumors (6%). It was tumor specific and corresponded to a loss of TIMP3 protein expression. TIMP3 alterations did not correlate with any clinical feature such as tumor size or survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIMP3 seems to play an important role in the tumorigenesis of primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas. In contrast to other tumors, hypermethylation seems not to be the key mechanism for the inactivation of TIMP3. Other methods of gene inactivation need to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Visceral-, Thoracic-, and Vascular Surgery, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. fendrich@med.uni-marburg.de
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fendrich
authors.forename: Emily P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Slater
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heinmöller
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Oxana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Brunhilde
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chaloupka
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerdes
authors.forename: Detlef K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bartsch
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C088390:TIMP3 protein, human; D019717:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3