title: Hemorrhage following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in 15,218 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate potential risk factors and the incidence of bleeding following adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy requiring surgical treatment under general anesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective chart review of 15,218 patients who underwent surgery between January 1, 1988, and September 30, 2001, at our institution (St. Anna Hospital, Duisburg).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 229 patients experienced postoperative bleeding (1.5%). Patients of male gender and 70 years of age or older were significantly at risk for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. The incidence of bleeding increased with age. Of the bleeding episodes, 76% occurred on the day of surgery; immediate abscess-tonsillectomy was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hemorrhage following tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy is rare and predominantly occurs early after surgery. Male patients, 70 years of age or older, infectious mononucleosis, and a history of recurrent tonsillitis were identified as risk factors for post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Delayed hemorrhage has the potential to be life-threatening.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Plastic Head and Neck Surgery, St. Anna Hospital, Duisburg, Germany. jwindfuhr@aol.com
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Windfuhr
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Remmert
mesh_terms: D000233:Adenoidectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014068:Tonsillectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*