title: Quality of life and metabolic control in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or multiple daily insulin injections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the quality of life and metabolic control in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in comparison with patients on multiple daily insulin injections (MDII).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 49 patients (13 males, 36 females), aged 41.4+/-11.3 years (mean+/-SD) on CSII for >1 year and 79 patients (43 males, 36 females), aged 43.1+/-14.8 years on MDII for >1 year, from three Dutch diabetic clinics. There were no statistically significant differences in duration of diabetes, social class, level of education, marital status, smoking or recent admissions to hospital. The questionnaires used were a Diabetes Quality of Life scale adapted from the DCCT, the Diabetes Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ), and the WHO Well-Being Questionnaire. HbA1c was measured with an HPLC method (reference range 4.3 to 6.1 %).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using two-sided t-tests no statiscally significant differences were found between the patients on CSII and MDII with respect to quality of life (version A (<30 years) 4.32+/-0.22 vs 4.20+/-0.30; version B (> or =30 years) 4.18+/-0.25 vs 4.29+/-0.28), well-being (48.59+/-9.23 vs 50.99 +/-8.70), satisfaction with treatment (5.10+/-0.69 vs 5.15+/-0.71) and HbA1c (8.14+/-1.51 vs 8.47+/-1.40). Frequency of daily blood glucose monitoring was slightly higher in CSII than in MDII patients (4.52+/-1.19 vs 3.60+/-1.47; p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present data indicate that patients on CSII have similar QoL based on questionnaires when compared with patients on MDII. These data suggest that in patients with less optimal control on MDII, converting the treatment strategy to CSII is not associated with decreased quality of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Groene Hart Hospital, Gonda, the Netherlands. roel.hoogma@ghz.nl
authors.forename: R P L M
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Hoogma
authors.forename: A J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Spijker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van Doorn-Scheele
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: van Doorn
authors.forename: R P J
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Michels
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: van Doorn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: J B L
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007328:Insulin