title: [Tuberculosis: a re-emerging zoonosis?].
abstract: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is found throughout the world and which can have a dramatic impact on the economy and on human and animal health. In humans, the principal cause of infection is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the animal-specific pathogen, M. bovis, is arguablythe most important zoonotic agent in human history. Despite the fact that several countries have implemented control programmes for M. bovis infection in animals, which has resulted in a reduction in the number of human cases as well, recent years have witnessed a re-emergence of tuberculosis. This is due to the appearance of strains that are resistant to the main antibiotics used to treat the infection in humans, the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus, the maintenance of wild reservoirs and the persistence of the infection in livestock, particularly in developing regions. Coordinated efforts by human and animal health services, the improvement of diagnostic techniques and the development of more effective vaccines to prevent the infection are the main strategies for controlling this disease.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva Animal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 2, Correo 15, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abalos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Retamal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003140:Communicable Disease Control; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines; D014380:Tuberculosis, Bovine / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines