title: Cell-type-specific regulation of distinct sets of gene targets by Pax3 and Pax3/FKHR.
abstract: The oncogenic fusion protein, Pax3/FKHR, is a more potent transcription factor relative to its normal counterpart, Pax3. Since Pax3 induced a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) in human SaOS-2 osteosarcomas, we hypothesized that Pax3/FKHR would also induce a morphological change in SaOS-2 cells. We demonstrate here that Pax3/FKHR more potently induces a MET in SaOS-2 cells than Pax3. This greater potency was further evident where Pax3/FKHR, but not Pax3, induced a morphological alteration in U2-OS osteosarcoma cells. By microarray analysis, we determined that Pax3/FKHR altered the expression of gene targets in a manner quantitatively and qualitatively distinct from Pax3. Three classes of genes were identified: (i) genes induced or repressed by Pax3 and Pax3/FKHR, (ii) genes induced or repressed by Pax3/FKHR but not Pax3 and (iii) genes induced by Pax3/FKHR but repressed by Pax3. Chromatin immunoprecipitations confirmed the direct binding of Pax3/FKHR to the promoter region of several factors including cannabinoid receptor-1, EPHA2 and EPHA4. Verification of the microarray data also revealed coordinate alteration in the expression of factors involved in BMP4 signalling. Regulation of gene expression by Pax3 and Pax3/FKHR is, however, cell-type specific. BMP4 expression, for example, was repressed by both Pax3 and Pax3/FKHR in SaOS-2 cells, while in the rhabdomyosarcoma, RD, Pax3/FKHR, but not Pax3, induced BMP4 expression. Thus, our data reveal that Pax3/FKHR regulates a distinct but overlapping set of genes relative to Pax3 and that the global set of Pax3 and Pax3/FKHR gene targets is cell-type specific.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
authors.forename: Salma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Begum
authors.forename: Nashmil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Emami
authors.forename: Nashmil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Emani
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Der
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hamel
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D001859:Bone Neoplasms; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D012516:Osteosarcoma; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C085126:FOXO1 protein, human; D000071161:Forkhead Box Protein O1; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D000072041:PAX3 Transcription Factor; C489409:PAX3 protein, human; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors