Distribution of work in isothermal nonequilibrium processes.
Diffusive motion in an externally driven potential is considered. It is shown that the distribution of work required to drive the system from an initial equilibrium state to another is Gaussian for slow but finite driving. Our result is obtained by projection method techniques exploiting a small parameter defined as the switching rate between the two states of the system. The exact solution for a simple model system shows that such an expansion may fail in higher orders, since the mean and the variance following from the exact distribution show nonanalytic behavior.
Speck
Thomas
T
II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
Seifert
Udo
U