title: C-type natriuretic peptide, a novel antifibrotic and antihypertrophic agent, prevents cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the hypothesis that in vivo administration of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) might attenuate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) through its antifibrotic and antihypertrophic action.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recently, we have shown that CNP has more potent antifibrotic and antihypertrophic effects than atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in cultured cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental MI was induced by coronary ligation in male Sprague-Dawley rats; CNP at 0.1 mug/kg/min (n = 34) or vehicle (n = 35) was intravenously infused by osmotic mini-pump starting four days after MI. Sham-operated rats (n = 34) served as controls. After two weeks of infusion, the effects of CNP on cardiac remodeling were evaluated by echocardiograpic, hemodynamic, histopathologic, and gene analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  C-type natriuretic peptide markedly attenuated the left ventricular (LV) enlargement caused by MI (LV end-diastolic dimension, sham: 6.7 +/- 0.1 mm; MI+vehicle; 8.3 +/- 0.1 mm; MI+CNP: 7.7 +/- 0.1 mm, p < 0.01) without affecting arterial pressure. Moreover, there was a substantial decrease in LV end-diastolic pressure, and increases in dP/dt(max), dP/dt(min), and cardiac output in CNP-treated MI rats compared with vehicle-treated MI rats. Importantly, CNP infusion markedly attenuated an increase in morphometrical collagen volume fraction in the noninfarct region (sham: 3.1 +/- 0.2%; MI+vehicle: 5.7 +/- 0.5%; MI+CNP: 3.9 +/- 0.3%, p < 0.01). In addition, CNP significantly reduced an increase in cross-sectional area of the cardiomyocytes. These effects of CNP were accompanied by suppression of MI-induced increases in collagen I, collagen III, ANP, and beta-myosin heavy chain messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the noninfarct region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that CNP may be useful as a novel antiremodeling agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Soeki
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokudome
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horio
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kangawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000517:prevention & control; D005355:Fibrosis; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D020098:Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type