title: Higher cerebrospinal fluid homovanillic acid levels in depressed patients with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: Major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are often comorbid, resulting in more impairment compared than with either diagnosis alone. Both major depression and PTSD are thought to be associated with monoamine transmitter abnormalities. This study compared clinical features and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monoamine metabolites in drug-free depressed subjects with a current major depressive episode (MDE) without comorbid PTSD, subjects with a current MDE and comorbid PTSD, and healthy volunteers. Depressed subjects with comorbid PTSD had higher CSF homovanillic acid (HVA) levels compared with depressed subjects without comorbid PTSD or healthy volunteers. Higher HVA was present after adjustment for sex, lifetime aggression severity and depression scores, alcoholism, tobacco smoking, comorbid cluster B personality disorder, reported childhood abuse, and psychosis. We found no group difference in CSF 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) levels. Higher dopaminergic activity may contribute to alterations in memory and other cognitive functions, anhedonia, and hypervigilance observed in PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Suite 2917, Box 42, New York, NY 10032, USA. LS2003@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sher
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oquendo
authors.forename: Shuhua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ainsley K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Burke
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Grunebaum
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zalsman
authors.forename: Yung-yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: J John
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D006719:Homovanillic Acid