title: Effect of tamoxifen on venous thromboembolic events in a breast cancer prevention trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator, increases venous thromboembolic events (VTE), but the factors explaining this risk are unclear. Atherosclerosis may induce VTE, or the 2 conditions may share common risk factors. We assessed the effect of tamoxifen on VTE in a breast cancer prevention trial and studied its association with risk factors for VTE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of VTE was studied in 5408 hysterectomized women randomly assigned to tamoxifen 20 mg/d or placebo for 5 years. There were 28 VTEs on placebo and 44 on tamoxifen therapy (hazard ratio [HR]=1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 2.63), 80% of which were superficial phlebitis, accounting for all of the excess due to tamoxifen within 18 months from randomization. Compared with placebo, the risk of VTE on tamoxifen was higher in women aged 55 years or older, women with a body mass index > or =25 kg/m2, elevated blood pressure, total cholesterol > or =250 mg/dL, current smoking, and a family history of coronary heart disease (CHD). Of the 685 women with a CHD risk score > or =5 who entered the trial, 1 in the placebo arm and 13 in the tamoxifen arm developed VTE (log-rank P=0.0013). In multivariate regression analysis, age > or =60 years, height > or =165 cm, and diastolic blood pressure > or =90 mm Hg had independent detrimental effects on VTE risk during tamoxifen therapy, whereas transdermal estrogen therapy concomitant with tamoxifen was not associated with any excess of VTE (HR=0.64; 95% CI, 0.23 to 1.82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women with conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis have a higher risk of VTE during tamoxifen therapy. This information should be incorporated into counseling women on its risk-benefit ratio, particularly in the prevention setting.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Chemoprevention, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy. andrea.decensi@ieo.it
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Decensi
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maisonneuve
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rotmensz
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bettega
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Virgilio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sacchini
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvioni
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Travaglini
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oliviero
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Aiuto
authors.forename: Marcella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gulisano
authors.forename: Giacomo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gucciardo
authors.forename: Marco Rosselli
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: del Turco
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pizzichetta
authors.forename: Serafino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Conforti
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonanni
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boyle
authors.forename: Umberto
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Veronesi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen