title: Soluble factors released by placental villous tissue: Interleukin-1 is a potential mediator of endothelial dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential of placental-conditioned medium to activate endothelial cells in vitro and to identify the placental factors that mediate this effect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Placental-conditioned medium was generated by the culturing of normal term placental villous explants for up to 48 hours. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to the conditioned media, and cellular proliferation, viability, and activation were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proliferation of endothelial cells that were exposed to 20% placental-conditioned medium was reduced by 25%, but their survival was not compromised. Conditioned medium also up-regulated the expression of E-selectin and stimulated the release of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and the secretion of interleukin-6. Treatment with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, but not with an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha neutralizing antibody, blocked the release of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and interleukin-6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Placentally derived interleukin-1 may be 1 of the potential mediators of the maternal inflammatory response that is observed in late pregnancy.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine, University Women's Hospital/Department of Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rusterholz
authors.forename: Anurag K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huppertz
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Holzgreve
authors.forename: Sinuhe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1