Slow dynamics and anomalous nonlinear fast dynamics in diverse solids.
Results are reported of the first systematic study of anomalous nonlinear fast dynamics and slow dynamics in a number of solids. Observations are presented from seven diverse materials showing that anomalous nonlinear fast dynamics (ANFD) and slow dynamics (SD) occur together, significantly expanding the nonlinear mesoscopic elasticity class. The materials include samples of gray iron, alumina ceramic, quartzite, cracked Pyrex, marble, sintered metal, and perovskite ceramic. In addition, it is shown that materials which exhibit ANFD have very similar ratios of amplitude-dependent internal-friction to the resonance-frequency shift with strain amplitude. The ratios range between 0.28 and 0.63, except for cracked Pyrex glass, which exhibits a ratio of 1.1, and the ratio appears to be a material characteristic. The ratio of internal friction to resonance frequency shift as a function of time during SD is time independent, ranging from 0.23 to 0.43 for the materials studied.
Johnson
Paul
P
Geophysics Group, University of California, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA. paj@lanl.gov
Sutin
Alexander
A
D004548:Elasticity; D006801:Humans; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D013997:Time Factors