title: Suppression of chondrosarcoma cells by 15-deoxy-Delta 12,14-prostaglandin J2 is associated with altered expression of Bax/Bcl-xL and p21.
abstract: We previously reported that 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)), the most potent agonist for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), induces apoptosis of human chondrosarcoma cell line OUMS-27. The current study aimed to explore the mechanism of 15d-PGJ(2)-induced apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation in OUMS-27 cells. The preliminary results of cDNA microarray analysis showed the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax in the process of 15d-PGJ(2)-induced apoptosis. These changes were further confirmed at mRNA and protein levels by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Among cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21 was induced and up-regulated by 15d-PGJ(2), but p16 and p27 were not changed, suggesting that the involvement of p21 in inhibition of cell proliferation. Activation of caspase-3 by 15d-PGJ(2) was partly, but not completely, blocked by PPAR gamma antagonist (GW9662) suggesting the 15d-PGJ(2) exerted its effect by PPAR gamma-dependent and -independent pathways. Interestingly, immunohistochemical study on human chondrosarcoma samples revealed that Bcl-xL is frequently expressed by tumor cells. The results of the current study suggest that the potential ability of 15d-PGJ(2) in regulation of cell cycle and inhibition of Bcl-xL expression might be beneficial in the development of novel pharmacological agents for chondrosarcoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
authors.forename: Zheng-Nan
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Keiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Toshitaka
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oohashi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirohata
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ninomiya
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002813:Chondrosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: C477819:15-deoxyprostaglandin J2; C494826:BAX protein, human; C494811:BCL2L1 protein, human; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D015230:Prostaglandin D2