title: Live imaging of wound inflammation in Drosophila embryos reveals key roles for small GTPases during in vivo cell migration.
abstract: Aa robust inflammatory response to tissue damage and infection is conserved across almost all animal phyla. Neutrophils and macrophages, or their equivalents, are drawn to the wound site where they engulf cell and matrix debris and release signals that direct components of the repair process. This orchestrated cell migration is clinically important, and yet, to date, leukocyte chemotaxis has largely been studied in vitro. Here, we describe a genetically tractable in vivo wound model of inflammation in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo that is amenable to cinemicroscopy. For the first time, we are able to examine the roles of Rho-family small GTPases during inflammation in vivo and show that Rac-mediated lamellae are essential for hemocyte motility and Rho signaling is necessary for cells to retract from sites of matrix- and cell-cell contacts. Cdc42 is necessary for maintaining cellular polarity and yet, despite in vitro evidence, is dispensable for sensing and crawling toward wound cues.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stramer
authors.forename: Will
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Galko
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Redd
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacinto
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Parkhurst
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007365:Intercellular Junctions / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D007834:Lasers; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins