title: Social outcomes in adulthood of children with intellectual impairment: evidence from a birth cohort.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Social Policy for people with intellectual disabilities (ID) continues to evolve, but little is known about the lives to which such policies are applied. We aimed to use a prospective follow-up of a British birth cohort to identify children with mild and more severe intellectual impairment, and compare a range of social outcomes in adulthood with people in the rest of the cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used data from the MRC National Survey for Health and Development. Intellectual impairment was identified by intelligence tests and educational history. Adult outcome measures included employment and social class, education, marriage and children, home ownership, social networks and community use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 111 people with mild intellectual impairment (2.7%) and 23 with severe intellectual impairment (0.6%) at age 15/16. By the age of 43, there were 52 people remaining in the mild impairment group and 14 in the severe impairment group. In adulthood those with intellectual impairment enjoyed contact with friends and family, and joined in informal social activities. Although the mild intellectual impairment group were less likely to attain the following social outcomes than people with normal intellectual functioning, 67% had jobs, 73% were married, 62% had children and 54% owned their own homes. 12% participated in adult education. People with more severe intellectual impairment were less likely to attain these outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These outcomes highlight issues in current social policy and suggest efforts should be directed particularly towards promoting educational opportunities and developing social inclusion for people with ID.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, University College London, London, UK. i.hall@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Strydom
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernal
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wadsworth
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003710:Demography; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011640:Public Policy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors