title: Antiendomysial antibody detection in biopsy culture allows avoidance of gluten challenge in celiac children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Antiendomysial antibody (EMA) production has been induced in vitro by the small bowel mucosa of celiac disease (CD) patients in clinical remission cultured in the presence of gliadin peptides. The aim of the present study was to use this in vitro system to determine whether it could be used to predict the clinical or histologic relapse to gluten challenge in CD children on a gluten-free diet (GFD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Enrolled were 32 CD children and adolescents on GFD (group 1), and 80 controls (group 2) who underwent in vitro gliadin challenge. Subsequently, 24 group 1 CD children underwent in vivo gluten challenge to confirm the diagnosis. Biopsy cultures, with and without gliadin, morphometric analysis, immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG1 EMA detection, both in sera and culture supernatants, were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 32 group 1 CD patients, 23 were IgA EMA positive in culture supernatants. The other nine were IgG1 EMA positive. All 24 children who had in vivo gluten challenge showed clinical or histologic relapse. All culture supernatants from disease controls belonging to group 2 were both IgA and IgG1 EMA negative, irrespective of gliadin challenge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Organ culture with in vitro gliadin challenge is able to reproduce the results of in vivo challenge. This system could reduce the need for gluten challenge in celiac children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics and Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Rome La Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy. margherita.bonamico@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonamico
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sabbatella
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Tola
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vetrano
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nenna
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picarelli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D001706:Biopsy; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005903:Gliadin / Q000276:immunology*; D005983:Glutens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D005983:Glutens; D005903:Gliadin