title: Clinical response, vascular change, and angiogenesis in gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue-treated women with uterine myomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) are involved in the pathogenesis of leiomyomas and influence angiogenesis, which is necessary for growth of leiomyomas. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) treatment might modify the growth factor expression and the blood supply in myomas. We investigated the effects of GnRH-a treatment on some clinical parameters, on the immunohistochemical expression of bFGF, VEGF, and PDGF, and on the vasculature of leiomyomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one women were treated with leuprolide acetate for 3 months; 55 untreated patients formed the control group. Hematologic parameters were assessed at the admission, after GnRH-a treatment, and after surgery. Uterine volume was evaluated by ultrasonography. The immunoexpression of bFGF, VEGF, and PDGF and of the endothelial markers CD34 and CD105, as well as the vascular pattern, were studied in leiomyomas, comparing treated and untreated patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hematologic parameters improved and uterine volumes decreased after GnRH-a treatment. The immunoexpression of bFGF, VEGF, and PDGF decreased in treated myomas, together with the total number of vessels and the angiogenetic vessels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms the clinical response of uterine shrinkage after GnRH-a treatment. A pathogenetic role of bFGF, VEGF, and PDGF in myoma growth and vascularization is suggested. Finally, this study indirectly confirms the importance of the vasculature in leiomyoma growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrical-Gynaecological and Urological Science and Reproductive Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Lieto
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Falco
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pollio
authors.forename: Gelsomina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mansueto
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salvatore
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Somma
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ciociola
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Staibano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000071063:Endoglin; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D006454:Hemoglobins; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D007501:Iron; D016729:Leuprolide