title: Memory and intelligence outcome following surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy: relationship to seizure outcome and evaluation using a customized neuropsychological battery.
abstract: The main objectives of this prospective study were to (1) assess memory and intelligence outcome following surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy, (2) correlate this with seizure outcome and side of surgery, and (3) perform (1) and (2) using an indigenously developed battery customized to the Indian population. Prior to use in our epilepsy surgery program, the test-retest and interexaminer variance reliability of this battery had been established in both normal and cognitively compromised populations. The memory scores were overall rather than material-specific. The battery was administered to right-handed adults undergoing surgery for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy without any evidence of opposite temporal lobe abnormality, both presurgery and postsurgery at a mean follow-up of 8 months. Twenty-five consecutive patients were included; 13 underwent right and 12 underwent left temporal surgery. Seizure outcome was assessed using Engel's classification. Among 13 patients who underwent right temporal surgery, although 4 patients with poor seizure outcome had insignificant changes in scores, 7 of 9 patients with good seizure outcome exhibited considerable (> 20% over preoperative) improvement in their memory and intelligence scores. Statistical analysis using Student's t test and the Mann-Whitney test revealed that the patients who underwent right temporal surgery with good seizure outcome had significant improvement in both memory (P = 0.007) and intelligence (P = 0.043) scores compared with those with poor seizure outcome. In contrast, patients who underwent left temporal surgery had no significant change in cognitive scores irrespective of seizure outcome. Cognitive improvement seems to occur in patients with good seizure outcome following nondominant temporal lobe surgery for intractable epilepsy with no evidence of pathology in the opposite temporal lobe. The same finding was not observed in patients undergoing left temporal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India.
authors.forename: Sujoy K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sanyal
authors.forename: P Sarat
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: Surya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Manjari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: V P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Satish
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Padma
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Mehta
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011612:Psychosurgery / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome