title: [Contribution of cognitive and behavioral therapy for patients with tinnitus: implication in anxiety and depression].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tinnitus is a common otologic symptom but, despite important advances in the evaluation and management of such symptom, ENTs often fail to address tinnitus properly. Some tinnitus patients report that tinnitus interferes with activities of daily living, such as reading, social interactions, sleep, concentrating on complex tasks. Anxiety and depression are current major disorders associated with tinnitus. Many theories exist regarding mechanisms of tinnitus origin. A number of publications favors the theory of discordant dysfunction of inner or outer hair cells of the organ of Corti. Nevertheless, some authors insist on the possible role of the central auditory pathways. Multiple functional connections between auditory system, limbic system, autonomic nervous system seem crucial in the development of tinnitus. The aim of this paper is to present a new approach in France of tinnitus treatment by cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
  
  
  METHODS
  96 patients with chronic and intense tinnitus were included in the study (38 females, 36 males, mean age 48 years). A CBT was developed after a clinical evaluation based on standardized questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The two main results are: (i) the importance of anxiety and depression in this population, (ii) the amelioration of tinnitus perception in 750f the included patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CBT shows promise as a treatment of tinnitus-related distress.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Audition, Formation Associée Claude Bernard, Unité CNRS UPRESSA 7060, Service d'ORL et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Faculté Necker-Enfants Malades, Université René Descartes, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Londero
authors.forename: Ph
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peignard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malinvaud
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nicolas-Puel
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonfils
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014012:Tinnitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*