title: Comparisons of the structural and chemical properties of melanosomes isolated from retinal pigment epithelium, iris and choroid of newborn and mature bovine eyes.
abstract: Melanosomes were isolated from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), iris and choroid of mature (age >2 years) and newborn (age <1 week) bovine eyes. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to analyze the morphology of the melanosomes, which were found to vary among different tissues and different ages. While the total content of amino acids differs slightly (ranging from 9% to 15% by mass), the distributions of the amino acids are similar. The pheomelanin content is low in the choroid and the RPE (0.1-0.5%), and moderate in the iris (<2%); therefore, the major melanin component of bovine eye melanosomes is eumelanin, independent of the shape of the melanosomes. The yields of pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid from melanosomes decrease in the following order: choroid > iris > RPE, and exhibit decreasing yields with age. 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis of iris and choroid melanosomes indicates the same trends. These observations suggest that the 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid contents decrease in the following order: choroid > iris > RPE, and decrease with age. Moreover, the 13C solid-state NMR spectra show (1) for the same age samples, the CH:Cq ratio for choroid is larger than that for iris melanosomes; and (2) an increase in the concentration of carbonyl groups with age within each type of melanosome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0346, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakamatsu
authors.forename: Shosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Bhavin B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Adhyaru
authors.forename: Chi-Yuan
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Clifford R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002829:Choroid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005123:Eye / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007498:Iris / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008543:Melanins / Q000032:analysis; D020460:Melanosomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007211:Indoles; D008543:Melanins; D011758:Pyrroles; C018362:pheomelanin; C041877:eumelanin; C030692:5,6-dihydroxy-2-indolylcarboxylic acid; C071226:pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid