title: Transcriptional program of bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced epithelial and smooth muscle differentiation of pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma cells.
abstract: Pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma NTera2/cloneD1 (NT2/D1) cells respond to multiple vertebrate patterning factors and offer a unique model system to investigate the signaling events associated with lineage determination and cell differentiation. Here, we define the temporal changes in global gene expression patterns in NT2/D1 cells upon treatment with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Exposure to BMP-2 rapidly induced the expression of several transcription factors involved in establishing non-neural ectodermal fate followed by the appearance of epithelial-specific markers. Subsequent loss of stem cell markers was coupled to gene expression changes associated with decreased proliferative activity. Temporal clustering of gene expression patterns revealed a concurrent down-regulation of multiple transcripts involved in neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, and axonal guidance, suggesting that the BMP-mediated differentiation process involves pro-epithelial as well as anti-neurogenic mechanisms. In addition, increased expression of smooth muscle markers both by gene expression and immunohistochemistry was detected. Several neural crest markers were induced preceding such a differentiation, compatible with a neural crest origin of NT2/D1-derived smooth muscle cells. Comparison of changes in transcript expression between BMP-2-induced epithelial versus all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced neural differentiation revealed potential candidates for regulation of BMP-2 signaling and suppression of neural fate by BMP-2. This study suggests that BMP-2-induced differentiation of NT2/D1 cells provides a powerful assay to study early human epithelial and smooth muscle development.
authors.affiliation: Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 391, New York, NY 10021, USA. chadalar@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Rajendrakumar S V
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chadalavada
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Houldsworth
authors.forename: Adam B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Olshen
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Bosl
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Studer
authors.forename: R S K
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Chaganti
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage; D054278:Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D015415:Biomarkers; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014212:Tretinoin