title: Temperature-controlled 830-nm low-level laser therapy of experimental pressure ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of near-infrared low-level laser therapy (LLLT) treatment of pressure ulcers under temperature-controlled conditions.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Little information is available regarding the potential thermal effects of near-infrared photo-radiation during LLLT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pressure ulcers were created in C57BL mice by placing the dorsal skin between two round ceramic magnetic plates (12.0 x 5.0 mm, 2.4 g, 1 K Gauss) for three 12-h cycles. Animals were divided into three groups (n = 9) for daily light therapy (830 nm, CW, 5.0 J/cm(2)) on days 3-13 post ulceration in both groups A and B. A special heat-exchange device was applied in Group B to maintain a constant temperature at the skin surface (30 degrees C). Group C served as controls, with irradiation at 5.0 J/cm(2) using an incandescent light source. Temperature of the skin surface, and temperature alterations during treatment were monitored. The wound area was measured and the rate and time to complete healing were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum temperature change during therapy was 2.0 +/- 0.64 degrees C in Group A, 0.2 +/- 0.2 degrees C in Group B and 3.54 degrees C +/- 0.72 in Group C. Complete wound closure occurred at 18 +/- 4 days in Groups A and B and 25 +/- 6 days in Group C (p </= 0.05). The percentage of the wound closure at 14 days was 75. 4 +/- 7.2% and 77.7 +/- 5.6% for Groups A and B, respectively (NS differences). However, animals in Group C demonstrated a wound closure of 36.3 +/- 4.8% (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that the salutary effects of LLLT on wound healing are temperature independent in this model.
authors.affiliation: The Laser Center, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, USA. ray.lanzafame@viahealth.org
authors.forename: Raymond J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lanzafame
authors.forename: Istvan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haerum
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oskoui
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whittaker
authors.forename: Ren-Yu
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D028022:Low-Level Light Therapy; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D013696:Temperature