title: Efficacy of self-help manuals for anxiety disorders in primary care: a systematic review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to review effectiveness studies of self-help manuals for anxiety disorders in primary care.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review of six identified randomized controlled trials was carried out. In addition to outcome, the articles were coded on quality variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The studies included differed with respect to the methodological quality, measurements used and size of the study population. Despite these differences, global results suggest that a self-help manual is an effective treatment possibility for primary care patients with anxiety disorders. The more time that was spent on guidance on the use of the self-help manual the greater was its effectiveness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with a self-help manual for anxiety disorders may be effective in primary care. Data are lacking on the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of these manuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Institute for Extramural Medicine, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: van Boeijen
authors.forename: Anton J L M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: van Balkom
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Oppen
authors.forename: Nettie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Blankenstein
authors.forename: Ammani
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherpanath
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van Dyck
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008370:Manuals as Topic; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D016896:Treatment Outcome