Involvement of Rho-kinase in the contractile mechanism of human ureteral smooth muscle.
OBJECTIVE
Even though many agents have been implicated as modulators of ureteral contractile activity, the exact mechanisms that control human ureteral smooth muscle contractility have yet to be clearly defined. Recently, Rho-kinase has been reported to be involved in the contractile mechanism of smooth muscles in various organs. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether or not Rho-kinase is expressed in the human ureteral smooth muscle, and to study its role regarding human ureteral smooth muscle contractility.


METHODS
Ureteral samples were obtained from human adult subjects undergoing radical nephrectomy. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to determine the presence of Rho-kinase in human ureter. Functional studies were performed with human ureteral strips suspended in organ bath, and the effects of Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of Rho-kinase, on baseline tensions, spontaneous contractions, and electrical field stimulation (EFS)-induced contractions were analyzed.


RESULTS
The results of immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting study indicated that Rho-kinase is present in human ureteral smooth muscle. In functional analysis, Y-27632 was shown to decrease the baseline tension. And, both spontaneous and EFS-induced contractile responses of human ureteral strips were attenuated by Y-27632 in dose-dependent manners.


CONCLUSIONS
For the first time, the results of the present study indicate that Rho-kinase is present in human ureteral smooth muscle and may play an important role in the intricate mechanism of human ureteral contractility and tone.
Hong
Sung Kyu
SK
Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kwak
Cheol
C
Chang Jeong
Byung
B
Kim
Bong Sub
BS
Kim
Hyeon Hoe
HH
D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000494:pharmacology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000201:enzymology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D014513:Ureter / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases
D000577:Amides; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D011725:Pyridines; C108830:Y 27632; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases