title: Clinical outcome of immunonutrition in a heterogeneous intensive care population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of a high-protein enteral formula enriched with arginine, glutamine, and antioxidants and containing omega3 fatty acids and a mixture of fibers, on the clinical outcome of a heterogeneous intensive care (ICU) population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, prospective, double blind, controlled, two-center clinical trial in two intensive care units in The Netherlands.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 597 adult ICU patients expected to require enteral tube feeding for more than 2 days were randomized to receive immunonutrition or an isocaloric control formula.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received either the immunonutrition or the control feed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses showed no statistically significant difference in clinical outcome parameters between the two groups. Results of the intention-to-treat analysis in control vs. immunonutrition were: median ICU length of stay in days, 8.0 (IQR 5.0-16.0) vs. 7.0 (4.0-14.0); median hospital length of stay in days, 20.0 (IQR 10.0-34.0) vs. 20.0 (10.0-35.0); median days of ventilation, 6.0 (IQR 3.0-12.0) vs. 6.0 (IQR 3.0-12.0); ICU mortality, 26.8% vs. 28.2%; in-hospital mortality, 36.4% vs. 38.5%; infectious complications, 41.7% vs. 43.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this largest randomized, controlled trial found that in the general ICU population immunonutrition has no beneficial effect on clinical outcome parameters. These results are consistent with the literature that is currently available.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care, Isala Clinics (Location Sophia), Dr. van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB Zwolle, The Netherlands. h.kieft@isala.nl
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kieft
authors.forename: Arnout N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: Jenneke D E
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: van Drunen
authors.forename: Alexander J G H
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bindels
authors.forename: Jacques G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bindels
authors.forename: Zandrie
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hofman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001120:Arginine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003422:Critical Care; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004750:Enteral Nutrition / Q000379:methods*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005973:Glutamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005973:Glutamine; D001120:Arginine