title: Corrosion risk associated with microbial souring control using nitrate or nitrite.
abstract: Souring, the production of hydrogen sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in oil reservoirs, can be controlled through nitrate or nitrite addition. To assess the effects of this containment approach on corrosion, metal coupons were installed in up-flow packed-bed bioreactors fed with medium containing 8 mM sulfate and 25 mM lactate. Following inoculation with produced water to establish biogenic H(2)S production, some bioreactors were treated with 17.5 mM nitrate or up to 20 mM nitrite, eliminating souring. Corrosion rates were highest near the outlet of untreated bioreactors (up to 0.4 mm year(-1)). Nitrate (17.5 mM) eliminated sulfide but gave pitting corrosion near the inlet of the bioreactor, whereas a high nitrite dose (20 mM) completely eliminated microbial activity and associated corrosion. More gradual, step-wise addition of nitrite up to 20 mM resulted in the retention of microbial activity and localized pitting corrosion, especially near the bioreactor inlet. We conclude that: (1) SRB control by nitrate or nitrite reduction shifts the corrosion risk from the bioreactor outlet to the inlet (i.e. from production to injection wells) and (2) souring treatment by continuous addition of a high inhibitory nitrite dose is preferable from a corrosion-prevention point of view.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, T2N 1N4 Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Casey
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hubert
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nemati
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jenneman
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Voordouw
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D019149:Bioreactors / Q000382:microbiology*; D003343:Corrosion; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009573:Nitrites / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012307:Risk Factors; D017751:Safety Management / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism; D016999:Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D013431:Sulfates; D006862:Hydrogen Sulfide