title: Prostate cancer: a review of common underwriting problems, part 2.
abstract: This article is Part 2 of a two-part discussion of prostate cancer from an underwriting perspective that covers clinical staging, tissue staging, and follow-up of treated prostate cancer. Prostate biopsy is the diagnostic gold standard. Needle biopsy technique, sensitivity and specificity, and interpretation of findings, including a detailed discussion of Gleason grading, are discussed. Prostate cancer staging using the TNM system and the modified Whitmore-Jewitt system are compared and contrasted. Finally, methods for monitoring post treatment clinical course and the prediction of risk of post treatment recurrence are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Texas Life Insurance Company, USA.
authors.forename: Rodney C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Richie
authors.forename: John O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Swanson
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D020379:Risk Adjustment; D014481:United States