title: Assembly and regulation of a glycolytic enzyme complex on the human erythrocyte membrane.
abstract: To characterize the location of glycolytic enzymes (GEs) in intact human erythrocytes, freshly drawn blood was fixed and stained with Abs to GAPDH, aldolase, phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), carbonic anhydrase II, Hb, and band 3 (AE1). Confocal microscopy revealed that in cells where band 3 displays its expected membrane staining and Hb is evenly distributed across the cytoplasm, GEs are largely limited to the membrane. Biochemical studies confirmed that the membrane binding sites for GAPDH, aldolase, and PFK reside on band 3, but related analyses demonstrate that sites for PK and LDH do not. Four lines of evidence demonstrate that the GEs are at least partially assembled into multimeric complexes near the NH2 terminus of band 3. First, a mAb to residues 1-12 of band 3 displaces all of the above GEs from the membrane, including LDH and PK, which do not bind band 3. Second, tyrosine phosphorylation of the NH2 terminus of band 3 (Y8 and Y21) reversibly releases all of the GEs from the membrane, including LDH and PK. Third, deoxygenation of RBCs dislodges all GEs from the membrane, consistent with the established ability of deoxyHb but not oxyHb to bind the NH2 terminus of band 3. Fourth, a large increase in the accessibility of enzyme epitopes is observed upon dissociation of GEs from the membrane. We conclude, therefore, that GEs are organized into complexes on the membrane whose assembly is regulated by oxygenation and phosphorylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
authors.forename: M Estela
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Campanella
authors.forename: Haiyan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D001457:Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte / Q000378:metabolism; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II / Q000097:blood; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000201:enzymology*; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / Q000097:blood; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000097:blood; D006019:Glycolysis; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000097:blood*; D025221:Phosphofructokinases / Q000097:blood; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001457:Anion Exchange Protein 1, Erythrocyte; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases; D025221:Phosphofructokinases; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; D024402:Carbonic Anhydrase II