title: Can order of report prevent satisfaction of search in abdominal contrast studies?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A previous receiver operating characteristic (ROC) study showed a systematic shift in decision thresholds for detecting plain film abnormalities on contrast examinations rather than plain radiographs. A previous eye-position study showed that this shift was based on a relative visual neglect of plain film regions on the contrast studies. We now determine whether an intervention that changes visual search can reduce this search-based satisfaction of search effect in contrast studies of the abdomen.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors measured detection of 23 plain film abnormalities in 44 patients who had plain film and contrast examinations. In 2 experiments, each plain-film and contrast study was examined independently in different sessions with observers providing a confidence rating of abnormality for each interpretation. There were 13 observers in the first experiment and 10 in the second experiment. The intervention required that for the contrast studies, observers first report abnormalities in the noncontrast region of the radiograph before reporting contrast findings. ROC curve areas for each observer in each treatment condition were estimated by using a proper ROC model. The analysis focused on changes in decision thresholds among the treatment conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SOS effect on decision thresholds in abdominal contrast studies was replicated. Although reduced, the shift in decision thresholds in detecting plain film abnormalities on contrast examinations remained when observers were required to report those abnormalities before contrast findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reporting plain film abnormalities before reporting abnormalities demonstrated by contrast reduced somewhat the satisfaction of search effect on decision thresholds produced by a visual neglect of noncontrast regions on contrast examinations. This suggests that interventions that direct visual search do not offer protection against satisfaction of search effects that are based on faulty visual search.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, 3170 Medical Laboratories, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Berbaum
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Franken
authors.forename: Donald D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dorfman
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D003287:Contrast Media; D003657:Decision Making; D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005133:Eye Movements; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D012372:ROC Curve; D011860:Radiography, Abdominal / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014743:Videotape Recording; D014796:Visual Perception
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media