title: Access of HTB, main metabolite of triflusal, to cerebrospinal fluid in healthy volunteers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Triflusal has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects by downregulating molecules considered responsible for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to characterize plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of the main active metabolite of triflusal-HTB (2-hydroxy-4-trifluoro-methylbenzoic acid)-in healthy volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from two studies were combined. Study A: subjects received single oral doses of triflusal 900 mg. Triflusal and HTB plasma concentrations were extensively measured. Study B: triflusal 600 mg once daily was administered orally for 14 days. HTB plasma and CSF concentrations were determined in healthy volunteers. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using NONMEM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A one-compartmental model with rapid first-order absorption for triflusal and first-order formation of HTB best described plasma concentrations. Triflusal elimination rate constant was 50 times faster than that estimated for the metabolite. CSF concentrations of HTB ranged between 0.011 microg/ml and 0.341 microg/ml. A CSF-plasma partition coefficient of 0.002 and a k(e0) value of 0.059 h(-1) were estimated by means of population modeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the present study in healthy volunteers, HTB penetrated into the CSF in a range of concentrations experimentally proven to have protective effects in AD. These concentrations suggest that triflusal could be used in the treatment of central nervous system diseases in doses similar to those used in cardiovascular diseases. Access to the CSF compartment was characterized by a slow equilibrium rate constant and a low CSF-plasma partition coefficient.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Investigació de Medicaments, Institut de Recerca del HSCSP, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain. MValleC@hsp.santpau.es
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Barbanoj
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donner
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Izquierdo
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Herranz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Eichler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brunner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008954:Models, Biological; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D012459:Salicylates / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012459:Salicylates; C016167:triflusal; C033502:4-trifluoromethylsalicylic acid