title: Detection of antibody-dependent complement-mediated inactivation of both autologous and heterologous virus in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
abstract: Specific CD8 T-cell responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are induced in primary infection and make an important contribution to the control of early viral replication. The importance of neutralizing antibodies in containing primary viremia is questioned because they usually arise much later. Nevertheless antienvelope antibodies develop simultaneously with, or even before, peak viremia. We determined whether such antibodies might control viremia by complement-mediated inactivation (CMI). In each of seven patients studied, antibodies capable of CMI appeared at or shortly after the peak in viremia, concomitantly with detection of virus-specific T-cell responses. The CMI was effective on both autologous and heterologous HIV-1 isolates. Activation of the classical pathway and direct viral lysis were at least partly responsible. Since immunoglobulin G (IgG)-antibodies triggered the CMI, specific memory B cells could also be induced by vaccination. Thus, consideration should be given to vaccination strategies that induce IgG antibodies capable of CMI.
authors.affiliation: Windeyer Institute of Medical Sciences, Wohl Virion Centre, 46 Cleveland St., London W1T 4JF, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Marlén M I
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Aasa-Chapman
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holuigue
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.forename: Mailee
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Nicola A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cornforth
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pellegrino
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Persephone
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Borrow
authors.forename: Aine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McKnight
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000920:Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015686:Gene Products, env / Q000276:immunology; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014766:Viremia / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D015686:Gene Products, env; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D003165:Complement System Proteins