title: A case-crossover study of acute alcohol use and suicide attempt.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several studies have shown that acute alcohol use is associated with suicidal behavior, but the magnitude and nature of the relationship remain unclear. We report a study on the impact of acute alcohol use on suicide attempts treated in the emergency room (ER) using the case-crossover design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven ER studies carried out in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Australia from 1984 to 1996 with probability samples and similar methodology were merged yielding a total of 102 suicide attempters (overall 52% were male and 59% under 30 years of age).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six patients reported alcohol use within 6 hours prior to the suicide attempt. When usual alcohol consumption during the past 12 months served as the control value, the estimated relative risk (RR) for patients who reported alcohol use within 6 hours prior to the suicide attempt was 9.6 (95% confidence interval: 5.7-16.3). Although the prevalence of alcohol use differed by sex, there was no statistically significant difference in the estimated RRs (RR = 13.6 men and RR = 5.3 women, p = 0.11 for the heterogeneity test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A positive association was found between alcohol use 6 hours prior and suicide attempts in 102 ER cases in four countries. The case-crossover methodology is well suited to studies for which an external control group is not easily obtainable.
authors.affiliation: Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria and Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Col San Lorenzo Huipulco CP 14370, Mexico DF, Mexico. guibor@imp.edu.mx
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borges
authors.forename: Cheryl J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cherpitel
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Giesbrecht
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stockwell
authors.forename: Holly C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wilcox
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D000431:Ethanol / Q000506:poisoning; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol