title: Transient non-autoimmune fetal heart block.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fetal heart block is a rare and irreversible condition associated with structural heart defects or maternal autoantibodies (SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La) resulting in permanent damage of the atrioventricular (AV) node. This is the first report of 4 cases with a transient fetal heart block in structurally normal hearts without maternal autoantibodies.
  
  
  METHODS
  A report on 4 patients seen within a 14-year period at one center with fetal heart block without intracardiac abnormalities or maternal autoantibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients were referred to our center with a fetal bradycardia (heart rate 70-85 bpm), between 20 and 33 weeks' gestational age, and 1 for a 'triple' test at 16 weeks' gestational age. Echocardiography showed a complete heart block in 2 fetuses, and a second-degree AV block in the other 2. Heart block had completely resolved at all following visits. Postnatal ECG recordings showed normal sinus rhythm in all patients. Echocardiographic evaluation at presentation and follow-up showed normal cardiac anatomy, without signs of hydrops or cardiac decompensation in all patients. All mothers tested negative on SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La autoantibodies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal heart block can occur in the absence of structural heart defects and maternal autoantibodies to SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La. The origin of such heart block is unknown, but its course seems benign: none of the patients ever showed ventricular heart rates <55 bpm, signs of congestive heart failure or fetal hydrops. Heart block resolved spontaneously in all patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital/U MC, Utrecht, The Netherlands. hans_breur@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Johannes M P J
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Breur
authors.forename: Martijn A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oudijk
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stoutenbeek
authors.forename: Gerard H A
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Erik J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Meijboom
mesh_terms: D001919:Bradycardia / Q000175:diagnosis; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006327:Heart Block / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal