title: Endocytic delivery of lipocalin-siderophore-iron complex rescues the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ngal), also known as siderocalin, forms a complex with iron-binding siderophores (Ngal:siderophore:Fe). This complex converts renal progenitors into epithelial tubules. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Ngal:siderophore:Fe protects adult kidney epithelial cells or accelerates their recovery from damage. Using a mouse model of severe renal failure, ischemia-reperfusion injury, we show that a single dose of Ngal (10 microg), introduced during the initial phase of the disease, dramatically protects the kidney and mitigates azotemia. Ngal activity depends on delivery of the protein and its siderophore to the proximal tubule. Iron must also be delivered, since blockade of the siderophore with gallium inhibits the rescue from ischemia. The Ngal:siderophore:Fe complex upregulates heme oxygenase-1, a protective enzyme, preserves proximal tubule N-cadherin, and inhibits cell death. Because mouse urine contains an Ngal-dependent siderophore-like activity, endogenous Ngal might also play a protective role. Indeed, Ngal is highly accumulated in the human kidney cortical tubules and in the blood and urine after nephrotoxic and ischemic injury. We reveal what we believe to be a novel pathway of iron traffic that is activated in human and mouse renal diseases, and it provides a unique method for their treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA..
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: H Thomas
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rapoport
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kai M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Ott
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jau Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Jaya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mishra
authors.forename: Faisal H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Cheema
authors.forename: Glenn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suganami
authors.forename: Kazutomo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukoyama
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kunis
authors.forename: Vivette
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: D'Agati
authors.forename: Prasad
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Devarajan
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barasch
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004705:Endocytosis; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000378:metabolism; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007673:Kidney Cortex Necrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000652:urine; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017262:Siderophores / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; C489506:LCN2 protein, human; D000071068:Lipocalin-2; D054834:Lipocalins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017262:Siderophores; D003404:Creatinine; D007501:Iron; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C496542:Hmox1 protein, mouse