title: [Retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: our initial experience and review of the literature].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report our initial experiences of retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  From April 2002 to October 2003, we performed 11 retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Our indication was T1N0M0 renal tumors which sizes were about 4 cm or less and were exophytic and were not situated at the renal hilum. First we inserted single J catheter to the renal pelvis cystoscopically. under fluoroscopic guidance. Next 4 trocars were set at pneumoretroperitoneum and the renal artery and vein were clamped individually after cold saline was circulated from the single J catheter. Renal parenchyma was sharply cut with scissors and vessels were coagulated with bipolar coagulator. When renal collecting system was opened, cariceal suture repair was performed. We used the microwave tissue coagulator without clamping the renal pedicle when the tumor was 2 cm or less in diameter and the distance from the tumor edge to the renal collecting system was more than 1cm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 9 cases renal pedicles were clamped and in 2 cases were not. Mean tumor size was 27.5 +/- 8.9 mm and mean operative time was 350 +/- 92 minutes and mean estimated blood loss was 743 +/- 998 ml, and mean warm ischemic time was 70 +/- 30 minutes. In one case bleeding from cut surface was uncontrollable, so open conversion was needed. In this case the renal artery and vein were clamed but another artery exited. The surgical margins were all negative, and no other complications were happened. Post operative serum creatinine raised soon after the operation but finally downed, and the mean up level was 0.07 ng/ml only. But RI examination revealed the residual renal damages were in proportioned to the warm ischemic times. During a mean followup of 8 months no patients has had local recurrence or metastatic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma is effective for select patients. But better cooling method and earlier suture technique and more long follow-up periods will be necessary for establishment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Kobe City General Hospital.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwamura
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Negoro
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moroi
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Mutsushi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawakita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space