title: A case of double alleles at three Y-STR loci: forensic implications.
abstract: In a genetic study of unrelated donors from Bahia (Brazil), one sample contained a 16 Y-STR haplotype with double peaks at three loci: DYS389 II, DYS437 and DYS439. The son of the subject had the same haplotype as found in the father. This profile was compared with a similar case found in a paternity case investigation in Madrid (Spain) and a match was found for the full 16 Y-STR haplotype. Because these three loci are located within the AZFa segment, these results are in accordance with duplication of the AZFa region that includes also other Y-STRs currently used in forensic investigation, for example DYS389I and DYS438. This case attracts our attention in the forensic interpretation of Y-haplotype profiles, because multiple alleles at various loci do not indicate forcibly that the sample under analysis is a mixture.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Biologia Forense, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diederiche
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martín
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Amorim
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Corte-Real
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gusmão
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics*; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D020440:Gene Duplication; D056426:Genetic Loci; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010334:Paternity; D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D029589:Seminal Plasma Proteins