title: Presumed sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report acute postoperative, presumed sterile endophthalmitis following intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, interventional, multicenter study of patients with acute sterile endophthalmitis following IVTA injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 922 IVTA injections were performed. Eight eyes of 8 patients with presumed sterile endophthalmitis were identified. The incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.87% (95% confidence interval, 0.38% to 1.70%). Median time to presentation was 1.5 days (range, 1 to 7 days). Median presenting visual acuity was 20/563 (range, 20/80 to light perception). Initial treatment included vitreous tap and injection of antibiotics (n = 4), pars plana vitrectomy and injection of intravitreal antibiotics (n = 2), or systemic treatment alone with oral levofloxacin (n = 2). Six of 6 intraocular cultures were sterile. Median follow-up was 5.9 months (range, 4 to 9 months) with a median visual acuity at last follow-up of 20/75 (range, 20/40 to counting fingers).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute presumed sterile endophthalmitis following IVTA injection presents early in the postoperative period. Visual outcomes are generally good.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Darius M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Moshfeghi
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Sophie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bakri
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Kaiser
authors.forename: Raj K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Maturi
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sears
authors.forename: Ingrid U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belmont
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Quiroz-Mercado
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Mieler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide