title: Curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) suppress an increase in blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic KK-Ay mice.
abstract: Turmeric, the rhizome of Curcuma longa L., has a wide range of effects on human health. The chemistry includes curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids as components, which are known to have antioxidative, anticarcinogenic, and antiinflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of three turmeric extracts on blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic KK-A(y) mice (6 weeks old, n = 5/group). These turmeric extracts were obtained by ethanol extraction (E-ext) to yield both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids, hexane extraction (H-ext) to yield sesquiterpenoids, and ethanol extraction from hexane-extraction residue (HE-ext) to yield curcuminoids. The control group was fed a basal diet, while the other groups were fed a diet containing 0.1 or 0.5 g of H-ext or HE-ext/100 g of diet or 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext/100 g of diet for 4 weeks. Although blood glucose levels in the control group significantly increased (P < 0.01) after 4 weeks, feeding of 0.2 or 1.0 g of E-ext, 0.5 g of H-ext, and 0.5 g of HE-ext/100 g of diet suppressed the significant increase in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, E-ext stimulated human adipocyte differentiation, and these turmeric extracts had human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) ligand-binding activity in a GAL4-PPAR-gamma chimera assay. Also, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, and ar-turmerone had PPAR-gamma ligand-binding activity. These results indicate that both curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids in turmeric exhibit hypoglycemic effects via PPAR-gamma activation as one of the mechanisms, and suggest that E-ext including curcuminoids and sesquiterpenoids has the additive or synergistic effects of both components.
authors.affiliation: Functional Foods Development Division, and Life Science Research Laboratories, Life Science RD Center, Kaneka Corporation, Takasago, Hyogo 676-8688, Japan.
authors.forename: Tozo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Tatsumasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mae
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Misuzu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsukagawa
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mimaki
authors.forename: Minpei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sashida
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawada
authors.forename: Kaku
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitahara
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D030024:Curcuma / Q000737:chemistry*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D000431:Ethanol; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D051379:Mice; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D000431:Ethanol; D003474:Curcumin