title: A novel cytochrome P450 is implicated in brassinosteroid biosynthesis via the characterization of a rice dwarf mutant, dwarf11, with reduced seed length.
abstract: We have characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) dwarf mutant, dwarf11 (d11), that bears seeds of reduced length. To understand the mechanism by which seed length is regulated, the D11 gene was isolated by a map-based cloning method. The gene was found to encode a novel cytochrome P450 (CYP724B1), which showed homology to enzymes involved in brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis. The dwarf phenotype of d11 mutants was restored by the application of the brassinolide (BL). Compared with wild-type plants, the aberrant D11 mRNA accumulated at higher levels in d11 mutants and was dramatically reduced by treatment with BL, implying that the gene is feedback-regulated by BL. Precise determination of the defective step(s) in BR synthesis in d11 mutants proved intractable because of tissue specificity and the complex control of BR accumulation in plants. However, 6-deoxotyphasterol (6-DeoxoTY) and typhasterol (TY), but not any upstream intermediates before these compounds, effectively restored BR response in d11 mutants in a lamina joint bending assay. Multiple lines of evidence together suggest that the D11/CYP724B1 gene plays a role in BR synthesis and may be involved in the supply of 6-DeoxoTY and TY in the BR biosynthesis network in rice.
authors.affiliation: Fukui Prefectural University, Faculty of Bioscience, Kenjyojima, Matsuoka-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1195, Japan.
authors.forename: Sumiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashikari
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takatsuto
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujisawa
authors.forename: Hisaharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yukimoto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008027:Light; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012639:Seeds / Q000254:growth & development; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System