title: Slug Expression in the E-cadherin preserved tumors is related to prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression of E-cadherin correlates with the development, progression, and metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Slug, a member of the snail family of transcriptional factors, is a newly identified suppressive transcriptional factor of E-cadherin. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of E-cadherin and Slug expression in ESCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of E-cadherin and Slug proteins in 203 patients with ESCC. The relationships between expression of these proteins and clinicopathologic factors, including prognosis, were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive expression of E-cadherin and Slug was observed in 43% and 48% of cases, respectively. The tumors with reduced E-cadherin expression or positive Slug expression invaded deeper, had more lymph node metastasis, and had more lymphatic invasion than the tumors with preserved E-cadherin expression or negative Slug expression. Slug expression significantly correlated with reduced E-cadherin expression. Sixty-seven of the 98 (68.4%) tumors with positive Slug expression had reduced E-cadherin expression (P = 0.0011). Patients with reduced E-cadherin expression or positive Slug expression had poor clinical outcomes. In the preserved E-cadherin group, the 5-year survival rate was better for patients who were negative for Slug expression than for those who were positive for Slug expression (P = 0.035). Multivariate analysis indicated that E-cadherin expression and Slug expression were not independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of not only the expression of E-cadherin but also the co-expression of E-cadherin and Slug in preserved E-cadherin group is useful for predicting malignant properties of ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Digestive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan. just-u@m.kufm.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasuto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchikado
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natsugoe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Setoyama
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Sumiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishigami
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aikou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008954:Models, Biological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; C000604407:SNAI1 protein, human; D000071250:Snail Family Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors