title: [Reconstruction of thoracolumbar spine instability: clinical and neuroradiological results of a surgical challenge].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical treatment for thoracolumbar union instability represents a challenge, due to the difficult access to this area of the spine, and to the extreme variability of morphological and biomechanical lesions observed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe the indications and clinical and neuroradiological results obtained with procedures of anterior or combined spinal fusion-instrumentation used for the treatment of instable thoracolumbar lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  17 patients with thoracolumbar instability were treated surgically, being followed-up at least for one year. Causes of instability were classified in three groups: (i) fractures or fracture-luxations (n = 7), (ii) pathologic fractures following tumoral invasion (n = 6) and (iii) infectious or degenerative spondylodiscitis (n = 5). In order to carry out the substitution of the injured vertebral body an anterior approach to the thoracolumbar union was performed in all cases, using a modified technique of thoracophrenolaparotomy in which the diaphragmatic dome was not incised. Depending on the number of columns of Denis damaged, the vertebral corpectomy was followed by either an anterolateral or a combined spinal fusion-instrumentation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain in standing position was eliminated postoperatively in 83%. Neurological deficits were improved in 50% of cases. Surgical mortality was null and transient postoperative complications occurred in 11.7% of patients, but no lung atelectasis or respiratory infections were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic pain associated to thoracolumbar instability can be treated successfully by substitution of the damaged vertebral body followed by anterior or combined spinal fusion-instrumentation. Thoracophrenolaparotomy without division of the diaphragm is feasible and it reduces the morbidity associated to postoperative respiratory complications.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España. jmpasncj@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pascual-Garvi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: García-Navarrete
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Grande
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martínez-Chacón
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Meilán-Paz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castrillo-Cazón
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fernández-Fresno
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manzanares-Soler
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D013123:Spinal Fusion; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome