title: Sevoflurane effects on retrobulbar arteries blood flow in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measure of blood flow velocity in retrobulbar vessels is performed to determine the severity of ophthalmic pathologies as glaucoma. In children, this measure is usually performed under general anaesthesia. Sevoflurane is known to not modify cerebral blow flow velocities. However, its effect on retrobulbar circulation is not known. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on retrobulbar circulation flow velocity in children undergoing examination for ocular disorders under general anaesthesia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen mechanically ventilated children (Fi(O2))=1) were included. Blood flow velocities of central retinal artery, ophthalmic artery, and middle cerebral artery were measured by Doppler ultrasound during 1 and 2 age-adjusted minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane anaesthesia. Intra-ocular pressure and non-invasive haemodynamic parameters were also measured. End-tidal carbon dioxide tension was controlled during all the study period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean arterial pressure decreased from 1 to 2 age-adjusted MAC sevoflurane (58 [12] vs 54 [12] mm Hg, P=0.01). In the ophthalmic artery, end diastolic velocity (EDV) decreased significantly at 2 MAC (1 MAC: 4.4 [4] cm s(-1) vs 2 MAC: 1.4 [2.4] cm s(-1); P=0.04) and resistivity index (RI) increased significantly (1 MAC: 0.83 [0.11] vs 2 MAC: 0.93 [0.09]; P=0.007). Systolic velocity, EDV, and RI remained constant in the central retinal artery and in the middle cerebral artery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High alveolar concentration of sevoflurane decreased blood flow velocity in the ophthalmic artery, but not in the central retinal and the middle cerebral arteries in children ventilated in hyperoxic condition. This effect was related to a decrease in mean arterial pressure. This vessel-dependent effect may be explained by the different autoregulatory mechanisms of these arteries. In the present hyperoxic conditions, the vascular effect of sevoflurane may have been limited in the central retinal artery and not in the ophthalmic artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Emergency, Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, 25-29 rue Manin, F-75940 Paris Cedex 19, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geeraerts
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Devys
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Berges
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dureau
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Plaud
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012161:Retinal Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane