title: The Eating Inventory and body adiposity from leanness to massive obesity: a study of 2509 adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine how chronic dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger, as assessed by the Eating Inventory, vary over a broad range of BMI values from leanness to massive obesity, in subjects with family obesity. Eating Inventory factors were also studied as a function of personal weight history.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 2509 participants in a genetic study of obesity. BMIs ranged from 15 to 87 kg/m2. Six BMI groups were formed (<27, 27 to 30, 30 to 35, 35 to 40, 40 to 45, and >45).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analyses showed that restraint and disinhibition were significantly associated with BMI in men, whereas only disinhibition was in women. Disinhibition scores correlated strongly with hunger scores in both genders in all BMI categories; dietary restraint tended to correlate with the other two factors positively in leaner subjects and negatively in the highest BMI categories. Highly restrained normal-weight subjects were likely to exhibit disinhibition and hunger, whereas massively obese persons with very high disinhibition scores showed high hunger but little restraint. The highest restraint scores were observed in nonobese adult women with previous obesity in childhood and/or adolescence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The factor most strongly associated with BMI in this large population was disinhibition, suggesting that obesity treatment should target behaviors associated with disinhibition, especially in individuals showing a low level of dietary restraint. High restraint scores in formerly obese normal-weight women suggest that dietary restraint may exert a beneficial influence on body weight control under conditions that deserve further investigation.
authors.affiliation: INRA, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humane, Hôtel Dieu Hospital, Paris, France. f.bellisle@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellisle
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clément
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Barzic
authors.forename: Annie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Le Gall
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guy-Grand
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basdevant
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001519:Behavior; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D004435:Eating / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*