title: Cryopreservation of a whole ovary as a strategy for restoring ovarian function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether a total ovary can successfully be cryopreserved and thawed under maintenance of high proportions of structurally normal primordial follicles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Porcine ovaries were explanted immediately after slaughtery. Ten ovaries were cooled to -196 degrees C using cryoprotective solution and a computer-controlled freezing technique. Five contralateral ovaries were fixed with formalin for histological examination, the five remaining ovaries were directly plunged in liquid nitrogen. After three weeks of storage, frozen ovaries were thawed and examined by light and electron microscopy. Viability was assessed by evaluation of intact primordial follicles with respect to cellular and intracellular structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histological viability of primordial follicles in computer-frozen ovaries was 84.4% (76.1-90.6%), as compared to non-frozen control samples (92-100%; mean 97.6%) and to ovaries plunged in liquid nitrogen without cryoprotection 21.1% (4.5-35.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cryopreservation of whole ovaries may present a feasible way to maintain high numbers of viable primordial follicles in ovarian tissue retransplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynaecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine 8C, University of Vienna Medical School, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. martin.imhof@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imhof
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hofstetter
authors.forename: l H
authors.initials: lH
authors.lastname: Bergmeister
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kain
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lipovac
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D005615:Freezing; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D010053:Ovary / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013552:Swine; D014015:Tissue Banks
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D009584:Nitrogen