title: Molecular mechanisms of invadopodium formation: the role of the N-WASP-Arp2/3 complex pathway and cofilin.
abstract: Invadopodia are actin-rich membrane protrusions with a matrix degradation activity formed by invasive cancer cells. We have studied the molecular mechanisms of invadopodium formation in metastatic carcinoma cells. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor kinase inhibitors blocked invadopodium formation in the presence of serum, and EGF stimulation of serum-starved cells induced invadopodium formation. RNA interference and dominant-negative mutant expression analyses revealed that neural WASP (N-WASP), Arp2/3 complex, and their upstream regulators, Nck1, Cdc42, and WIP, are necessary for invadopodium formation. Time-lapse analysis revealed that invadopodia are formed de novo at the cell periphery and their lifetime varies from minutes to several hours. Invadopodia with short lifetimes are motile, whereas long-lived invadopodia tend to be stationary. Interestingly, suppression of cofilin expression by RNA interference inhibited the formation of long-lived invadopodia, resulting in formation of only short-lived invadopodia with less matrix degradation activity. These results indicate that EGF receptor signaling regulates invadopodium formation through the N-WASP-Arp2/3 pathway and cofilin is necessary for the stabilization and maturation of invadopodia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kempiak
authors.forename: Corina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sarmiento
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Coniglio
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Symons
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segall
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Eddy
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Tadaomi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takenawa
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Condeelis
mesh_terms: D051339:Actin Depolymerizing Factors; D051377:Actin-Related Protein 2; D051378:Actin-Related Protein 3; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D022081:Cell Surface Extensions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000502:physiology; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D011799:Quinazolines; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D014162:Transfection; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051300:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family; D051317:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051339:Actin Depolymerizing Factors; D051377:Actin-Related Protein 2; D051378:Actin-Related Protein 3; D000199:Actins; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005353:Fibronectins; D051380:GRB2 Adaptor Protein; C495950:Grb2 protein, rat; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; C078332:Nck protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011799:Quinazolines; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D020032:Tyrphostins; C495770:Wasl protein, rat; C491670:Wipf1 protein, rat; D051300:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family; D051317:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal; C101044:RTKI cpd; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein