title: Role of collateral blood flow in the apparent disparity between the extent of abnormal wall thickening and perfusion defect size during acute myocardial infarction and demand ischemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the apparent disparity between the circumferential extent of abnormal wall thickening (WT) and that of infarct size (IS) at rest or size of ischemic zone (IZ) during demand ischemia (DI) is principally due to the effects of collateral blood flow (CollBF).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  A disparity has been reported between the circumferential extent of abnormal WT and that of IS at rest or IZ size during DI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wall thickening and CollBF were measured in 18 dogs: at 6 h after coronary occlusion (Group 1, n = 6), and during 40 microg x kg x min(-1) of dobutamine in the presence of either one-vessel (Group 2, n = 6) or two-vessel stenosis (Group 3, n = 6).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The apparent overestimation of the IS by the circumferential extent of abnormal WT was due to intermediate levels of CollBF in border zones within the risk area that had escaped necrosis. Although reduced, WT in these regions was commensurate with the level of flow. Similarly, during DI, regions within the IZ exhibiting the worst WT in Group 2 and 3 dogs were those not supplied by CollBF. The regions supplied by CollBF had intermediate WT, which was also commensurate with the level of flow. Only in two Group 3 dogs was tethering seen in small, normally perfused regions that were interspersed between two large IZ. Excluding these few tethered regions, data from different myocardial regions (infarcted, ischemic, CollBF dependent, and normal) were described by a single relation: y = 57(1 - e([-0.72(x - 0.06)])) (r = 0.80, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myocardial regions at the margins of ischemic territories contribute to the apparent disparity between the circumferential extent of abnormal WT and IS or IZ during DI. In most circumstances, these regions are supplied by collaterals and their WT is commensurate with the degree of myocardial blood flow. The apparent disparity between the circumferential extent of WT and ischemia is rarely due to myocardial tethering, which is seen only in some instances of multi-vessel disease where a small normal region is interspersed between two large IZs.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908-0158, USA.
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leong-Poi
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Coggins
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sklenar
authors.forename: Ananda R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Jayaweera
authors.forename: Xin-Qun
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D004285:Dogs; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014463:Ultrasonography