title: Long-term control of recurrent anaplastic ependymoma with extracranial metastasis: importance of multiple surgery and stereotactic radiosurgery procedures--case report.
abstract: An 11-year-old Japanese girl presented with a right frontal lobe anaplastic ependymoma. The tumor was removed surgically. However, she developed a secondary lesion and extracranial metastasis in the cervical lymph node. In total, she underwent eight intracranial tumor removal procedures, five stereotactic radiosurgeries with six targets, and five cervical lymph node removal surgeries during the course of 7 years. She is currently alive with a good quality of life, and has no major neurological deficits except right facial nerve palsy. The combination of surgery and radiosurgery can achieve local control of anaplastic ependymoma. Multiple surgery or radiosurgery procedures can result in good outcome, if the tumor does not involve crucial structures, even if extracranial metastasis occurs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izumoto
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kagawa
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Motohiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruno
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimine
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D004806:Ependymoma / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D016634:Radiosurgery; D012086:Reoperation; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques