title: Retinal vessel diameter and open-angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and retinal vessel diameter among baseline participants in the Blue Mountains Eye Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 3654 persons older than 49 years, representing 82.4% of permanent residents living in an area west of Sydney.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants had a detailed eye examination, including automated perimetry and stereo optic disc photography. A computer-assisted program measured retinal vessel diameters from digitized photographs of right eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open-angle glaucoma was diagnosed from matching visual field defects and optic disc cupping, without reference to intraocular pressure (IOP) level. Ocular hypertension was defined as IOP of >21 mmHg in either eye, without matching glaucomatous optic disc and field changes. Average retinal vessel diameters, measured from right eyes, were summarized as arteriolar and venular equivalents. The lowest quintile of the arteriolar equivalent or arteriole-to-venule ratio was used to define generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 3314 participants, after excluding those with incomplete data or nonglaucomatous optic nerve disease. Of persons included, 59 (1.8%) had evidence of glaucomatous damage affecting the right eye, 3065 (92.5%) had no damage to either eye, and 163 (4.9%) had ocular hypertension. Right eyes with glaucomatous damage had significantly narrower retinal arteriolar diameters (183+/-2.6 microm) than eyes without glaucoma (194+/-0.4 microm, P = 0.0001) or eyes with ocular hypertension (195+/-1.6 microm, P = 0.0002), after adjusting for age, mean arterial blood pressure, and other confounding variables, including refraction. Right eyes with glaucomatous damage were at least 2 times more likely to have generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing than eyes without glaucoma (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-4.8).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These population-based data suggest that generalized retinal arteriolar narrowing, an indicator of localized vascular change, is significantly associated with optic nerve damage caused by OAG. It is not clear whether such a retinal arteriolar change reflects an ischemic process leading to optic nerve damage or results from loss of retinal neurons secondary to glaucoma.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and the Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia. paul_mitchell@wmi.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Jie Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rochtchina
authors.forename: Anne J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tien Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001160:Arterioles / Q000473:pathology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis; D009898:Optic Disk / Q000473:pathology*; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010781:Photography; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D014699:Venules / Q000473:pathology; D058609:Visual Field Tests