title: Bacterial populations on silicone hydrogel and hydrogel contact lenses after swimming in a chlorinated pool.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A number of reports have indicated an association between swimming with contact lenses and subsequent eye infection. This study tests whether a hydrophilic contact lens worn while swimming accumulates bacteria present in the water. It was of interest to determine whether lens type (silicone hydrogel vs. hydrogel) affected the result.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen healthy noncontact lens wearers swam for 30 minutes with a silicone hydrogel lens (PureVision, Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) on one eye and a hydrogel lens (Acuvue 2, Vistakon Inc., Jacksonville, FL) on the other. Lenses were removed aseptically and placed in sterile vials 10 minutes after the subjects left the water. Microbial growth was enumerated for total numbers of colonies and categorized by species present. Numbers of colonies were compared between the two lens groups and with a water sample taken from the pool at the time of the experiment. Eight of the subjects returned on a different day and wore new lenses for 50 minutes in normal room conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two lenses were lost while swimming. Twenty-seven of the remaining 28 lenses worn while swimming showed colonization, principally with Staphylococcus epidermidis, which was also by far the most common species identified from the water itself. Small numbers of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus salivarius were also present in the water and on the lenses. Numbers of colonies varied among subjects (range, 0 to 230), but no differences were observed between the two lens groups. Lenses removed after 30 minutes of wear without swimming were mostly sterile, with 3 of 16 lenses showing just two colonies each.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It appears that wearing a hydrophilic lens while swimming allows accumulation of microbial organisms on or in the lens, regardless of lens material. Swimmers should be advised to wear tight-fitting goggles if lenses are worn while swimming, and thorough disinfection of the lenses before overnight wear seems prudent.
authors.affiliation: Pacific University College of Optometry, 2043 College Way, Forest Grove, OR 97116, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vuu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bergenske
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Burnham
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smythe
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caroline
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D008297:Male; D012828:Silicones; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D012828:Silicones; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D002713:Chlorine