title: [Inactivation of CDKN2A gene (p16) in gallbladder carcinoma].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The CDKN2A gene encodes a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, p16, which promotes cell cycle arrest. Methylation of the promoter region transcriptionally inactivates the gene.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the relationship between methylation status of the prometer region of p16 gene, the immunohistochemical expression of p16 and clinical and morphological features of gallbladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the methylation status of the promoter region of the CDKN2A gene in gallbladder adenocarcinomas using methylation specific PCR (MSP). We also used microsatellite markers near the CDKN2A gene to detect allelic imbalance (AI) and examined the tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 38 gallbladder adenocarcinomas analyzed by IHC, 11 cases (29%) were negative for p16 protein. Nine (24%) had methylation of the promoter region of the CDKN2A gene. Twenty nine cases were negative for methylation, but four (14%) of these 29 exhibited AI at one or more of the microsatellite markers. CDKN2A promoter methylation was not associated with microsatellite instability (MSI-H).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inactivation of CDKN2A by methylation and/or deletion might play an important role in gallbladder carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Anatomá Patológica, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Jcroa@ufro.cl
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Roa
authors.forename: Quynh
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Vo
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Araya
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villaseca
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guzmán
authors.forename: Gilda S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ibacache
authors.forename: Xabier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: de Aretxabala
authors.forename: Iván
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D022981:Allelic Imbalance / Q000235:genetics; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D020868:Gene Silencing; D019942:Genes, p16; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic