title: Injectable bone using chitosan-alginate gel/mesenchymal stem cells/BMP-2 composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several injectable materials have been used as osteogenic bone substitutes. However, none has gained universal acceptance. This study was performed to investigate whether or not chitosan-alginate gel/mesenchymal stem cells/bone morphogenetic protein-2 composites are potentially injectable materials for new bone formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The composites were injected into the subcutaneous space on the dorsum of nude mice to investigate new bone tissue formation. The composites were examined histologically over a 12-week period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The composites injected into the mouse were able to stimulate new bone formation, which was trabecular in type.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that chitosan-alginate gel/MSCs/BMP-2 composites could become clinically useful injectable materials to generate new bone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, South Korea.
authors.forename: Dong-Joon
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Byung-Ho
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Shi-Jiang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Jin-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Huh
authors.forename: Byung-Young
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seoung-Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005782:Gels; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D048271:Chitosan