Evidence for the involvement of cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase (cN-II) in the synthesis of guanine nucleotides from xanthosine.
In this paper, we show that in vitro xanthosine does not enter any of the pathways known to salvage the other three main natural purine nucleosides: guanosine; inosine; and adenosine. In rat brain extracts and in intact LoVo cells, xanthosine is salvaged to XMP via the phosphotransferase activity of cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase. IMP is the preferred phosphate donor (IMP + xanthosine --> XMP + inosine). XMP is not further phosphorylated. However, in the presence of glutamine, it is readily converted to guanyl compounds. Thus, phosphorylation of xanthosine by cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase circumvents the activity of IMP dehydrogenase, a rate-limiting enzyme, catalyzing the NAD(+)-dependent conversion of IMP to XMP at the branch point of de novo nucleotide synthesis, thus leading to the generation of guanine nucleotides. Mycophenolic acid, an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase, inhibits the guanyl compound synthesis via the IMP dehydrogenase pathway but has no effect on the cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase pathway of guanine nucleotides synthesis. We propose that the latter pathway might contribute to the reversal of the in vitro antiproliferative effect exerted by IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors routinely seen with repletion of the guanine nucleotide pools.
Barsotti
Catia
C
Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Via San Zeno 51, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Pesi
Rossana
R
Giannecchini
Michela
M
Ipata
Piero L
PL
D015720:5'-Nucleotidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003600:Cytosol / Q000201:enzymology*; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007291:Inosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000378:metabolism*; D014970:Xanthines
D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides; D012263:Ribonucleosides; D014970:Xanthines; D007291:Inosine Monophosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; C005893:xanthosine; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase