title: Adequacy of education in musculoskeletal medicine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Basic musculoskeletal knowledge is essential to the practice of medicine. A validated musculoskeletal cognitive examination was given to medical students, residents, and staff physicians in multiple disciplines of medicine to assess the adequacy of their musculoskeletal medicine training.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examination was given to 334 volunteers consisting of medical students, residents, and staff physicians. Analysis of the data collected and comparisons across disciplines were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average cognitive examination score was 57%. Sixty-nine participants (21%) obtained a score of >/=73.1%, the recommended mean passing score. Of the sixty-nine with a passing score, forty (58%) were orthopaedic residents and staff physicians with an overall average score of 94%. Differences in the average scores for the orthopaedic residents compared with all other specialties were significant (p < 0.001). The average score was 69% for the 124 participants who stated that they had taken a required or an elective course in orthopaedics during their training compared with an average score of 50% for the 210 who had not taken an orthopaedic course (p < 0.001). When the scores of those in orthopaedics were excluded, the average score for the participants who had taken an orthopaedic course was 59%; this difference remained significant (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Seventy-nine percent of the participants failed the basic musculoskeletal cognitive examination. This suggests that training in musculoskeletal medicine is inadequate in both medical school and nonorthopaedic residency training programs. Among the nonorthopaedists, scores were significantly better if they had taken a medical school course or residency rotation in orthopaedics, suggesting that a rotation in orthopaedics would improve the general level of musculoskeletal knowledge.
authors.affiliation: University of Hawaii and Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu 96859, USA. ematzki@aol.com
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matzkin
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freccero
authors.forename: Allen B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D006772:Hospitals, Military; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000193:education*; D010808:Physical Examination; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013337:Students, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States