title: Reduced hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-HBV-coinfected individuals receiving HBV-active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: Functional hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T cells are significantly diminished in individuals chronically infected with HBV compared to individuals with self-limiting HBV infection or those on anti-HBV therapy. In individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), coinfection with HBV is associated with an increased risk of worsening liver function following antiviral therapy and of more rapid HBV disease progression. Total HBV-specific T-cell responses in subjects with diverse genetic backgrounds were characterized by using a library of 15-mer peptides overlapping by 11 amino acids and spanning all HBV proteins. The magnitude and breadth of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses to HBV in peripheral blood were examined by flow cytometry to detect gamma interferon production following stimulation with HBV peptide pools. Chronic HBV carriers (n = 34) were studied, including individuals never treated for HBV infection (n = 7), HBV-infected individuals receiving anti-HBV therapy (n = 13), and HIV-1-HBV-coinfected individuals receiving anti-HBV therapy (n = 14). CD4(+) and CD8(+) HBV-specific T-cell responses were more frequently detected and the CD8(+) T-cell responses were of greater magnitude and breadth in subjects on anti-HBV treatment than in untreated chronic HBV carriers. There was a significant inverse correlation between detection of a HBV-specific T-cell response and HBV viral load. HBV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses were significantly (fivefold) reduced compared with HIV-specific responses. Although, the frequency and breadth of HBV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses were comparable in the monoinfected and HIV-1-HBV-coinfected groups, HBV-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses were significantly reduced in HIV-1-HBV-coinfected individuals. Therefore, HIV-1 infection has a significant and specific effect on HBV-specific T-cell immunity.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Alfred Hospital, Commercial Rd., Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
authors.forename: J Judy
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Fiona
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wightman
authors.forename: Angeline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bartholomeusz
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayres
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kent
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sasadeusz
authors.forename: Sharon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lewin
mesh_terms: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000276:immunology*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D014766:Viremia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D016207:Cytokines