Direct comparison of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods with a statin in hypercholesterolemic participants.
BACKGROUND
3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors reduce serum cholesterol and are increasingly advocated in primary prevention to achieve reductions in LDL cholesterol. Newer dietary approaches combining cholesterol-lowering foods may offer another option, but these approaches have not been compared directly with statins in the same persons.


OBJECTIVE
The objective was to compare, in the same subjects, the cholesterol-lowering potential of a dietary portfolio with that of a statin.


METHODS
Thirty-four hyperlipidemic participants underwent all three 1-mo treatments in random order as outpatients: a very-low-saturated-fat diet (control diet), the same diet plus 20 mg lovastatin (statin diet), and a diet high in plant sterols (1.0 g/1000 kcal), soy-protein foods (including soy milks and soy burgers, 21.4 g/1000 kcal), almonds (14 g/1000 kcal), and viscous fibers from oats, barley, psyllium, and the vegetables okra and eggplant (10 g/1000 kcal) (portfolio diets). Fasting blood samples were obtained at 0, 2, and 4 wk.


RESULTS
LDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased by 8.5+/-1.9%, 33.3+/-1.9%, and 29.6+/-1.3% after 4 wk of the control, statin, and portfolio diets, respectively. Although the absolute difference between the statin and the portfolio treatments was significant at 4 wk (P=0.013), 9 participants (26%) achieved their lowest LDL-cholesterol concentrations with the portfolio diet. Moreover, the statin (n=27) and the portfolio (n=24) diets did not differ significantly (P=0.288) in their ability to reduce LDL cholesterol below the 3.4-mmol/L primary prevention cutoff.


CONCLUSIONS
Dietary combinations may not differ in potency from first-generation statins in achieving current lipid goals for primary prevention. They may, therefore, bridge the treatment gap between current therapeutic diets and newer statins.
Jenkins
David J A
DJ
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada. cyril.kendall@utoronto.ca
Kendall
Cyril W C
CW
Marchie
Augustine
A
Faulkner
Dorothea A
DA
Wong
Julia M W
JM
de Souza
Russell
R
Emam
Azadeh
A
Parker
Tina L
TL
Vidgen
Edward
E
Trautwein
Elke A
EA
Lapsley
Karen G
KG
Josse
Robert G
RG
Leiter
Lawrence A
LA
Singer
William
W
Connelly
Philip W
PW
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005215:Fasting / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011322:Primary Prevention; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010840:Phytosterols; D030262:Soybean Proteins; D008148:Lovastatin