title: Prediction of patient discomfort during fibreoptic bronchoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the potential for predicting which patients would have a negative emotional reaction to bronchoscopy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was distributed to 120 patients who had undergone diagnostic fibreoptic bronchoscopy. A visual analog scale to evaluate the patient's discomfort was adopted. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine factors significantly influencing discomfort. The regression model included the following variables: age, gender, symptoms, smoking habits, proximal bronchial brushing, distal bronchial brushing, bronchial washing, proximal transbronchial biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy, examination time, the bronchoscopist's experience, and the patient's anxiety level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The bronchoscopist's experience (P = 0.001) and the patient's anxiety level (P < 0.001) were variables that significantly influenced discomfort. These results suggest that discomfort decreased with the bronchoscopist's experience and increased with the patient's anxiety regarding bronchoscopy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that subjective discomfort can be predicted both by the bronchoscopist's experience and by a questionnaire about the patient's anxiety level before bronchoscopy. Therefore, it is recommended that the patient's anxiety level be determined through the use of a questionnaire before bronchoscopy, and that more experienced bronchoscopists should take charge if the patient is judged as being excessively anxious. If experienced bronchoscopists are unavailable, the more anxious patient should receive more sedatives.
authors.affiliation: Junpukai Health Maintenance Center, Okayama, Japan. JBH01210@nifty.ne.jp
authors.forename: Tadahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mitsumune
authors.forename: Etsuo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Senoh
authors.forename: Michifumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001706:Biopsy / Q000523:psychology; D018893:Bronchoalveolar Lavage / Q000523:psychology; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D003581:Cytodiagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors