title: Do BPH patients have neurogenic detrusor dysfunction? A uro-neurological assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are middle- aged and elderly. Neurogenic detrusor dysfunction (NDD) may also occur in these populations. We made an uro-neurological assessment in such patients in order to investigate the possibility of a concurrent NDD in patients diagnosed with BPH, and to correlate the presence of NDD with treatment outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  28 men, mean age 66.4 years, referred by urologists at the outpatient clinic as BPH (initial diagnosis: BPH alone, 24, BPH and NDD, 4) with regards to digital examination and lower urinary tract symptoms, underwent urodynamic study and neurological examination. MRI scans were performed to confirm the diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urodynamic study (except for 2, acontractile detrusor (AD)) showed equivocal obstruction (EO), 6; underactive detrusor (UD), 9 (voiding phase); detrusor overactivity (DO), 12; urethral relaxation, 1, and reduced sensation, 5 (filling phase). EO correlated with the presence of UD (p = 0.03). DO did not correlate with the prostate size or urodynamically-defined outlet obstruction. Reduced sensation was common in patients >65 years of age (p = 0.05). Neurological examination/imaging showed exaggerated reflexes, 1; decreased reflexes, 6; multiple cerebral infarction, 8; cervical spondylosis, 1 (in patients with DO); lumbar spondylosis, 5 (in patients with AD/UD), and the final diagnosis was made: definite BPH, 6; probable BPH, 9; BPH and NDD, 13, and NDD were common in the patients aged >65 years (p = 0.015). Transurethral prostatectomy and alpha-blocker were mostly successful, but the failure rate was reported in definite BPH, none, probable BPH, 29%, and BPH and NDD, 33%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BPH patients, particularly those >65 years of age, commonly have NDD. Multiple cerebral infarction (upper neuron disorder) and lumbar spondylosis (lower neuron disorder) might contribute to DO and UD, respectively. A uro-neurological assessment is important to select typical BPH patients for maximizing therapeutic benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Chiba University, Chiba Japan. sakaki@med.m.chiba-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamano
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: Takamichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hattori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics