title: Cytochrome P450 enzyme-mediated drug metabolism at exposure to acute hypoxia (corresponding to an altitude of 4,500 m).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of acute hypoxia and concomitant changes in portal blood flow on the disposition of drugs mainly metabolized by the cytochrome P(450) enzymes (CYP) 3A4 (verapamil) and CYP1A2 (theophylline).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy male participants were studied on two 14-h study days in a normobaric hypoxic chamber and were allocated randomly to one of two groups receiving short infusions of either theophylline (6 mg kg (-1) body weight) or verapamil (5 mg) intravenously. According to a randomized, cross-over design, participants were once exposed to normoxia and once to hypoxia (12% oxygen corresponding to the ambient( P)O(2) at an altitude of 4,500 m above sea level). The concentrations of theophylline, 1,3-dimethyluric acid, verapamil, and norverapamil were determined in serial blood samples by means of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Portal blood flow was assessed by transabdominal duplex ultrasonography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute hypoxia did not alter the pharmacokinetics of theophylline [half-life+/-SD: 9.29+/-1.77 versus 9.39+/-1.40 (hypoxia)], 1,3-dimethyluric acid (12.9+/-4.72 versus 15.1+/-8.59), verapamil (2.00+/-0.98 versus 1.79+/-0.58), or norverapamil (7.98+/-2.94 versus 9.91+/-6.40). Individual changes of elimination half-life and changes in capillary oxygen saturation,( P)O(2), or portal vein flow were not correlated. Portal vein flow was unaffected by hypoxia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute hypoxia corresponding to hypoxia at altitudes of 4,500 m does not impair the metabolism mediated by CYP1A2 or CYP3A4. At rapid ascent to and short-term stay at altitudes up to 4,500 m, the doses of drugs metabolized by these CYPs do therefore not require dose modification, and major changes in the disposition of already administered drugs are not to be expected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine VII, Sportsmedicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Streit
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Göggelmann
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dehnert
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burhenne
authors.forename: Klaus-Dieter
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Menold
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mikus
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bärtsch
authors.forename: Walter E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Haefeli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000531:Altitude; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008102:Liver Circulation; D008297:Male; D013806:Theophylline / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D013806:Theophylline; D014700:Verapamil; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; D019388:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human