title: Observation of a multiply ionized plasma with index of refraction greater than one.
abstract: We present clear experimental evidence showing that the contribution of bound electrons can dominate the index of refraction of laser-created plasmas at soft x-ray wavelengths. We report anomalous fringe shifts in soft x-ray laser interferograms of Al laser-created plasmas. The comparison of measured and simulated interferograms shows that this results from the dominant contribution of low charge ions to the index of refraction. This usually neglected bound electron contribution can affect the propagation of soft x-ray radiation in plasmas and the interferometric diagnostics of plasmas for many elements.
authors.affiliation: NSF ERC for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Filevich
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rocca
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nilsen
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Scofield
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Shlyaptsev