title: Drug monitoring and viral response to lopinavir/ritonavir or saquinavir/ritonavir containing regimens in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
abstract: The aim of this study was to correlate results of therapeutic drug monitoring, genotypic resistance and viral response to lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) or saquinavir/ritonavir (SQV/r) containing antiretroviral regimens. The retrospective short-term study included 20 patients with LPV/r and 20 patients with SQV/r containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). At baseline 7 LPV/r patients and 10 SQV/r patients had CD4+T cell counts above 410 cells/microl. After 6 months CD4+T cells had doubled in 5 LPV/r and 2 SQV/r patients. In LPV/r patients the mean serum concentration of lopinavir (LPV) was 2.6 ppm and 67% of all LPV/r samples had 50 or fewer viral copies/ml. In SQV/r patients the mean serum concentration of saquinavir (SQV) was 2.1 ppm. 79% of all SQV/r samples had 50 or fewer viruses/ml. Pharmacoenhanced regimens efficiently suppress human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the risk of developing resistance mutations is therefore reduced. The implementation of drug monitoring is an additional tool to determine optimal treatment conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine and Ludwig-Bolzmann-Institute for AIDS Research, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria. Barbabra.Falkensammer@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falkensammer
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fasser
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scherer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zemann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Parson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Dierich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stoiber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D019798:Neopterin / Q000097:blood; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019258:Saquinavir / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015704:CD4 Antigens; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D061466:Lopinavir; D019798:Neopterin; D016333:HIV Protease; D019258:Saquinavir; D019438:Ritonavir