title: Topiramate in long-term treatment of epilepsy in the intellectually disabled.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To study the effectiveness of topiramate (TPM) in refractory epilepsy in patients who have intellectual disability (ID).
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative population sample of 57 patients with ID (age range 2-61, mean 32.8) was administered add-on TPM for drug-refractory epilepsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seizure freedom for at least for 6 months was attained by 10 (17%), and seizure reduction of > or = 50% by further 26 (46%). Less than 50% decrease in seizure frequency was found in 16 (29%). TPM was more efficacious in localisation-related than in generalised epilepsies (81% vs. 50%, P=0.019). An at least 50% decrease in seizure frequency was achieved by patients with temporal lobe epilepsy in 100%, continuous spike-waves during sleep syndrome in 75%, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in 52%, and those with infantile spasms in 25% of cases. As great decrease in seizure frequency was found in most patients with cortical dysplasia (83%), acquired encephalopathy with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) (75%), and genetic disease associated with MTS (66%). Adverse effects occurred in 10% including two (3%) with seizure aggravation and three (5%) necessitating discontinuation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TPM is an effective antiepileptic drug which is of value in treating people with seizures that are resistant to other antiepileptic medication. As a broad-spectrum drug it may substitute for polypharmacy and, at the same time decrease adverse effects and costs of therapy.
authors.affiliation: Pääjärvi Centre, Lammi, Turku University, Turku, Finland. arvio@mail.htk.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arvio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sillanpää
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000150:complications*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010507:Periodicity; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000077236:Topiramate
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000077236:Topiramate; D005632:Fructose