title: [Measurement of noise protection in functional magnetic resonance imaging].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can detect changes in oxygen saturation of the brain. Fast changing high gradient fields are necessary which produce high levels of noise. In studies of the auditory cortex, auditory stimuli have to be perceived and discriminated against the noise level of the activated tomograph.
  
  
  METHODS
  The generated frequency bands and their intensities during fMRI with a Siemens Magnetom Vision, 1.5 T, EPI sequence were measured in the outer ear canal of a dummy head. Noise attenuation was evaluated with four different noise muffs (simple/inexpensive products, quality product, specialized fMRI muffs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Without protection, peak noise levels reached up to 111 dB(A) near 1000 Hz in the dummy ear canal. Major noise attenuation was only found at higher frequencies (4000 Hz by about 25 dB; 8000 Hz by about 35 dB) with the quality product and the specialized fMRI muffs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Only quality noise products can sufficiently protect patients from high sound pressure levels of tomograph noise. If in the future higher gradient fields are applied at faster slew rates, acoustic stimuli can safely be applied only in combination with increased hearing protection systems in order to minimize the risk of noise trauma.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde der Universität Ulm.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Liener
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wunderlich
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ehret
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bachor
mesh_terms: D004430:Ear Protective Devices; D004867:Equipment Design; D006316:Hearing Loss, High-Frequency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013018:Sound Spectrography