title: Recruiting older women to research studies: the san diego cooperative mammography project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite the growing number of older people in the population, this age group continues to be under represented in clinical trials. As a result, physicians must base treatment decisions for older patients on data from studies involving primarily younger, and presumably healthier, adults. Little experience is available to guide the development of study methodologies that will enhance the recruitment of older patients to clinical studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This pilot study compared two methods of recruiting women 75 years and older to a clinical research study related to their most recent screening mammogram. The effectiveness of a single, "in-person" invitation to participate made during the screening mammogram appointment was compared with the effectiveness of a single invitation to participate sent "by-mail" following a screening mammogram.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both methods succeeded in recruiting a sizable sample (N=2,394). The "in-person" invitation to participate was more labor-intense and less likely to be inclusive of all eligible women, but secured a significantly greater proportion of the women to participate. However, once recruited, women in the "by-mail" method were significantly more likely to comply with the optional elements of the study and to express a willingness to continue with follow-up studies than those recruited by the "in-person" method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of participation of older women in clinical research may be more a reflection of not being asked, rather than their lack of willingness to participate, thus reinforcing the key role health care providers can play in recruiting older women to clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Community Outreach, UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla 92093-0658, USA. gsadler@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Saloufakos
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Kabban
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Ghazikhanian
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Harshburger
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Anghel
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Saltzstein