title: Antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities of rice bran extracts in chemical and cell assays.
abstract: Ethanol-water (70:30 v/v) extracts from rice brans removed from seeds of two blackish-purple pigmented (Sanhaehyanghyulla and Suwon 415) and one nonpigmented (Chuchung) brown rice cultivars were evaluated for antioxidative, anti-tumor-promoting, and anticarcinogenic activities in chemical assays and in mammalian cells (human leukemia HL-60, marmoset B lymphoblastoid B95-8, and Chinese hamster V79 lung cells) by the following tests: inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity; chelation of ferrous ions; reduction of potassium ferricyanide; scavenging of superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and intracellular peroxides; inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide-induced mutagenesis; and inhibition of phorbol ester-induced tumor promotion. The extracts from the pigmented rice seeds had generally higher activities in all tests than did the extract from the nonpigmented variety. The results suggest that brans from pigmented rice varieties may provide a source of new natural antioxidants and anticarcinogens and that such rice cultivars with high antioxidative potential also provide a genetic resource for the development of new, improved rice cultivars that may make it possible to enhance both the nutritional and medical value of rice-based diets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea. shnam@ajou.ac.kr
authors.forename: Seok Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Sun Phil
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Mi Young
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kozukue
authors.forename: Mendel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes; D002144:Callithrix; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008168:Lung; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D010936:Plant Extracts