title: Evaluation of glucose tolerance and intestinal luminal membrane glucose transporter function in horses with equine motor neuron disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm whether the plasma glucose concentration curve obtained during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in horses with equine motor neuron disease (EMND) is decreased, compared with that obtained in clinically normal horses, and determine whether that decrease is a result of defective glucose metabolism or intestinal glucose transport dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 horses with EMND and 44 matched control horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Electromyography and OGTTs were performed in all 8 affected horses and 10 control horses. Intravenous GTTs (IVGTTs) were performed in 6 affected horses and another 11 control horses. The activity and levels of jejunal luminal membrane glucose transporter (Na+ / glucose cotransporter isoform 1 [SGLT1]) were measured in 2 affected horses and 23 control horses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In horses with EMND, generalized neuropathy was detected via quantitative electromyography; the mean increase in plasma glucose concentration during the OGTT was significantly decreased, compared with the value in control horses. During the IVGTT the mean increase in plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower than that of control horses. The activity and levels of SGLT1 in 2 affected horses were similar to those of control horses. Diagnosis of EMND was confirmed postmortem in all affected horses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data suggest that the decreased plasma glucose curve obtained in horses with EMND during OGTTs (compared with control horses) is a result of overall enhanced glucose metabolism or abnormalities in the facilitated glucose transporters; definitive identification of the underlying mechanisms could aid in the development of appropriate treatments of EMND in horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Nikkie A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Benders
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: Inge D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Wijnberg
authors.forename: Soraya P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Shirazi-Beechey
authors.forename: Johannes H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van der Kolk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test / Q000662:veterinary; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D051269:Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1