Azaphilones, furanoisophthalides, and amino acids from the extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice) and their chemopreventive effects.
Six azaphilones, monascin (1), ankaflavin (2), rubropunctatin (3), monascorburin (4), rubropunctamine (5), and monascorburamine (6), two furanoisophthalides, xanthomonasin A (7) and xanthomonasin B (8), and two amino acids, (+)-monascumic acid (9) and (-)-monascumic acid (10), isolated from the extracts of Monascus pilosus-fermented rice (red-mold rice) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice, on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by TPA in Raji cells, and on the activation of (+/-)-(E)-methyl-2[(E)-hydroxy-imino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexemide (NOR 1), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. Among the compounds tested, seven compounds (1-6 and 10) on TPA-induced inflammation, and six compounds (1, 3-5, 9, and 10) on EBV-EA activation, exhibited potent inhibitory effects. All of the compounds tested showed moderate inhibitory effects on NOR 1 activation.
Akihisa
Toshihiro
T
College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan. akihisa@chem.cst.nihon-u.ac.jp
Tokuda
Harukuni
H
Yasukawa
Ken
K
Ukiya
Motohiko
M
Kiyota
Ayaka
A
Sakamoto
Naoyuki
N
Suzuki
Takashi
T
Tanabe
Nobukazu
N
Nishino
Hoyoku
H
D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D001565:Benzoates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007249:Inflammation / Q000517:prevention & control; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D032741:Monascus / Q000378:metabolism*; D012275:Oryza / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D044004:Xanthones / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D001565:Benzoates; D001578:Benzopyrans; D003998:Dicarboxylic Acids; C033305:Epstein-Barr virus early antigen; D007093:Imidazoles; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D044004:Xanthones; C494154:azaphilone; C484932:monascumic acid; C497621:xanthomonasin A; C497622:xanthomonasin B; C079393:1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole