title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in a patient with penicillin allergy and recurrent bacterial endocarditis: a case report.
abstract: Bacterial endocarditis (BE) is a rare and life-threatening heart infection that can be caused by oral microorganisms. Patients with specific cardiac valvular abnormalities as well as those with a history of recurrent episodes of endocarditis are considered to be at high-risk for developing BE. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for high-risk individuals when bleeding is anticipated during dental procedures. Penicillins are the antibiotics of choice in preventing endocarditis, while other medications are indicated for patients with penicillin allergies. This case presentation outlines antibiotic prophylaxis prior to restorative care for a 44-year-old man who had a prosthetic heart valve, history of recurrent infective endocarditis and penicillin allergy. Intravenously administered vancomycin and gentamicin were prescribed due to the patients' level of risk and bleeding propensity. This article was written to raise the awareness of dental practitioners to the antibiotic prophylaxis options available for the treatment of patients with cardiac and associated systemic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University North of Paraná, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lawrence Gonzaga
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Gianne Cerqueira Leite Rodrigues
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Maria Fidela de Lima
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Carlos Ferreira
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Santos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004697:Endocarditis, Bacterial / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D014640:Vancomycin; D000658:Amoxicillin