title: Physiological responses to sulfide toxicity by the air-breathing catfish, Hoplosternum littorale (Siluriformes, Callichthyidae).
abstract: Hemolytic anemia accompanied by changes in the immunology system is one of the sulfide intoxication harmful effects on Hoplosternum littorale. Hematological parameters are considered as effective indicators of stress caused by this hydrogen sulfide. During sulfide exposure, H. littorale neither alters the methemoglobin concentration nor forms sulfhemoglobin in the presence of high levels of dissolved sulfide in the water. Cytochrome c oxidase shows little activity in the gills and blood of H. littorale when exposed to sulfide. Alternative metabolic routes are suggested through which the accumulation of pyruvate leads to the formation of an end product other than lactate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aquaculture, National Research Institute of Amazon, Av. André Araújo, 2936, P.O. Box 478, 69083-000-Manaus, AM, Brazil. pgusmao@inpa.gov.br
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Affonso
authors.forename: V L P
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Polez
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mazon
authors.forename: M R R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: F T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Rantin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002397:Catfishes / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006403:Hematologic Tests; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008706:Methemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D013440:Sulfides / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D008706:Methemoglobin; D003576:Electron Transport Complex IV; D005947:Glucose; C033479:sodium sulfide