title: The amount of newly formed bone in sinus grafting procedures depends on tissue depth as well as the type and residual amount of the grafted material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone replacement substitutes are almost unavoidable in augmentation procedures such as sinus grafting. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the osteoconductive capability of two different scaffold fillers in inducing newly formed bone in this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sinus floor augmentation and implant placement were carried out bilaterally in 12 patients. Bovine bone mineral (BBM) was grafted on one side and beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) on the contralateral side. Both were mixed (1:1 ratio) with autogenous cortical bone chips harvested from the mandible by a scraper. Hard tissue specimen cores were retrieved from the augmented sites (at the previous window area) at 12 months. Decalcified sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin and the fraction area of new bone and filler particles was measured. In addition to the effect of the filler on new bone formation, the latter was tested to determine whether it correlated with the tissue depth and residual amount of the grafted material.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bone area fraction increased significantly from peripheral to deeper areas at both grafted sites in all cores: from 26.0% to 37.7% at the beta-TCP sites and from 33.5% to 53.7% at the BBM-grafted sites. At each depth the amount of new bone in BBM sites was significantly greater than that in TCP sites. However, the average area fraction of grafted material particles was similar in both fillers and all depth levels (beta-TCP=27.9-23.2% and BBM=29.2-22.6%, NS). A significant negative correlation was found between bone area fraction and particle area fraction at the middle (p=0.009) and deep (p=0.014) depths in the beta-TCP sites, but not at the BBM sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 12 months post-augmentation, the two examined bone fillers, beta-TCP and BBM, promoted new bone formation in sinus grafting but the amount of newly formed bone was significantly greater in BBM-grafted sites. However, both exhibited similar residual grafted material area fraction at this healing period. This could imply that BBM possesses better osteoconductive properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 61390, Israel. zviartzi@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: Zvi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Artzi
authors.forename: Avital
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozlovsky
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Nemcovsky
authors.forename: Miron
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinreb
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002417:Cattle; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; C485817:beta-tricalcium phosphate