title: Fatal motor vehicle crashes in rural and urban areas: decomposing rates into contributing factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Motor vehicle crash fatality rates have been consistently higher in rural areas than in urban areas. However, the explanations for these differences are less clear. In this study the decomposition method was used to explore the factors associated with increased fatal crash involvement rates in rural communities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using national databases, the fatal crash incidence density was decomposed into the product of three factors: the injury fatality rate, the crash injury rate, and the crash incidence density.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As expected, the fatal crash incidence density was more than two times higher in rural than in urban areas. This was driven primarily by the injury fatality rate, which was almost three times higher in rural areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research should examine the relative roles of crash severity and the timely receipt of definitive medical care after a crash.
authors.affiliation: University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA. craig.zwerling@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zwerling
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Peek-Asa
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Whitten
authors.forename: S-W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Sprince
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D012423:Rural Health; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality