[Atypical antipsychotics in the elderly].
Central criteria for the definition of atypical antipsychotics are antipsychotic efficacy and minimal or none extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). This last criterium is of importance in the differentiation with the traditional antipsychotics. Of the four atypical antipsychotics which are discussed here, clozapine is the most atypical. The best proof is its good efficacy in the treatment of Parkinson psychosis with minimal adverse effects on motor function. Clozapine is the best choice for this indication. At this moment there is not enough evidence available concerning quetiapine. Risperidon and olanzapine give more Dopamine2-occupancy with higher doses and can evoke EPS, but this is still less compared to the traditional antipsychotics. All four atypical drugs cause less tardive dyskinesia. Atypical antipsychotics are not well studied in the treatment of elderly patients with functional psychosis. However the available information and the literature on the treatment of young adults makes it probable that the atypical antipsychotics are at least as effective in the elderly as the traditional antipsychotics. The median daily doses are lower for elderly than for younger patients. Risperidon has been proven effective in the treatment of agressive behaviour in dementia. Atypical antipsychotics have their 'own' adverse effects. Those which have the most impact in the elderly are discussed.
van Melick
E J M
EJ
Klinisch geriater, afdeling geriatrie, Psycho Medisch Centrum Parnassia, Den Haag. E.van.Melick@Parnassia.nl
D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D003024:Clozapine