title: Stimulation of NGF expression and secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by prostaglandins PGD2, PGJ2, and Delta12-PGJ2.
abstract: Nerve growth factor (NGF) has recently been shown to be secreted from white adipocytes, its production being strongly stimulated by the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha. In this study, we have examined whether a series of prostaglandins and other inflammation-related factors also stimulate NGF expression and secretion by adipocytes, using 3T3-L1 cells. Although interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-10, and IL-18 each induced a small decrease in NGF mRNA level in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, there was no significant effect of these cytokines on NGF secretion. A small reduction in NGF expression and/or secretion was also observed with adiponectin and prostaglandins PGE(2), PGF(2alpha), and PGI(2). In marked contrast, prostaglandin PGD(2) induced a major, dose-dependent increase (up to 20- to 40-fold) in NGF expression and secretion. The PGD(2) metabolites, PGJ(2) and Delta(12)-PGJ(2), also induced major increases (up to 30-fold) in NGF production. A further metabolite of PGJ(2), 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, led paradoxically to a small increase in NGF mRNA level but a fall in NGF secretion. Both PGD(2) and PGJ(2) induced significant increases in NGF gene expression by 4 h after their addition. It is concluded that PGD(2) and the J series prostaglandins, PGJ(2) and Delta(12)-PGJ(2), can play a significant role in the regulation of NGF production by white adipocytes. These results provide support for the view that NGF is an important inflammatory response protein, as well as a target-derived neurotrophin, in white adipose tissue.
authors.affiliation: Neuroendocrine & Obesity Biology Unit, Liverpool Centre for Nutritional Genomics, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, UCD Bldg., Liverpool L69 3GA, UK.
authors.forename: Mònica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bulló
authors.forename: Muhammad R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Peeraully
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Trayhurn
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D017667:Adipocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011453:Prostaglandins; C499810:delta(12)-prostaglandin J(2); C037112:9-deoxy-delta-9-prostaglandin D2; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D015230:Prostaglandin D2