title: Studies on the time frame for ossification of the medial epiphysis of the clavicle as revealed by CT scans.
abstract: The authors retrospectively analyzed 629 CT images of patients aged between 15 and 30 years produced during multiple trauma diagnostics at the Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin. For the purposes of this study, the authors reliably determined the ossification status of the medial epiphysis of the clavicle in 556 cases, using the classification of stages by Schmeling et al. In both sexes, stage 2 was first noted at age 15. In male patients, the earliest occurrence of stage 3 was noted at age 17, in female patients at age 16. Stage 4 was first achieved by both sexes at age 21. Stage 5 was first noted in female patients at age 21 and in male patients at age 22, which is 4 or 5 years earlier than was observed by a comparable study using conventional radiographs. The partial-volume effect in computed tomography using the thick slice scanning mode was discussed as a possible explanation for this early visualization. The question of how slice thickness affects the age intervals between ossification stages identified by CT examinations should be examined in additional studies.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Rechtsmedizin (CCM), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hannoversche Strasse 6, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mühler
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mutze
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Reisinger
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmeling
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D002968:Clavicle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010012:Osteogenesis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed