title: Time course of mycobacterial infection of dendritic cells in the lungs of intranasally infected mice.
abstract: METHODS
  Dendritic cells (DC) could regulate between the protective and pathogenic immune responses following tuberculous infection. In this paper we investigated if their early infection in the lungs represents a plausible alternative to cross-priming with mycobacterial antigens acquired from infected macrophages.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent and time course of infection of lung DCs following intranasal inoculation of BALB/c mice with green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagged Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A fraction of GFP-BCG infected lung cells were classified as monocytic DCs with the CD11c+IA+33D1+CD8a- phenotype. These cells represented 5-18% of the total GFP+ cells, the bulk of which were macrophages. The infected DCs could be separated by cell size into two fractions with similar cell surface staining properties during the 2-72 h period after infection. An unexpected difference was observed for the time course of infection between DCs and macrophages: DC infection peaked at 48 h followed by decline at 72 h, while the proportion of infected macrophages remained steady during the same period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presented results are direct evidence that monocytic DCs are recruited to the lungs and take up live bacilli within 48 h of intranasal infection with GFP-BCG. This finding is pertinent for the regulation of pulmonary and systemic immune responses and possibly for the dissemination of mycobacterial infection by DCs.
authors.affiliation: Department for Oral Medicine and Pathology, Guy's Campus of King's College, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reljic
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Di Sano
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dieli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Challacombe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ivanyi
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000276:immunology; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D048429:Cell Size; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D049408:Luminescent Agents; D008168:Lung / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009164:Mycobacterium Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D001500:BCG Vaccine; D049408:Luminescent Agents; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins