title: Intravenous lidocaine 0.5 mg.kg-1 effectively suppresses fentanyl-induced cough.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the minimal dose of lidocaine required for suppression of fentanyl-induced cough.
  
  
  METHODS
  320 ASA I and II patients, non-smokers of both sexes scheduled for elective surgery between the ages of 18 to 60 yr were randomly allocated into four equal groups. The patients were assigned to receive lidocaine 0.5 mg.kg(-1) (Group I), 1.0 mg.kg(-1)(Group II), 1.5 mg.kg(-1) (Group III) or placebo (Group IV) over five seconds, one minute prior to the administration of fentanyl 3 microg.kg(-1) in a randomized and double-blind fashion. Any episode of cough was classified as coughing and graded as mild (1-2) moderate (3-4) or severe (5 or more). The data were analyzed by test of proportion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven, 12, 11 and 28 patients (13.75%, 15%, 13.75% and 35%) had cough in Groups I, II, III and IV respectively (P < 0.05 Groups I, II, III vs IV). There was no significant difference in the incidence and severity of cough among the lidocaine pretreated groups (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study suggest that iv lidocaine 0.5 mg.kg(-1) is the minimal dose required to suppress fentanyl-induced cough when administered one minute prior to fentanyl. Any further increase in the lidocaine dose does not reduce the incidence or severity of fentanyl-induced cough.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India. ckpandey@sgpgi.ac.in
authors.forename: Chandra Kant
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Pandey
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raza
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranjan
authors.forename: Vinay
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: Mukesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lakra
authors.forename: Deepa Vishwas
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Navkar
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Ram Badan
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Uttam
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Prabhat Kumar
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003371:Cough / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D005283:Fentanyl