title: Acute and reversible cardiomyopathy provoked by stress in women from the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A clinical entity characterized by acute but rapidly reversible left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and triggered by psychological stress is emerging, with reports largely confined to Japan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 32-month period, 22 consecutive patients with this novel cardiomyopathy were prospectively identified within a community-based practice in the Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn, area. All patients were women aged 32 to 89 years old (mean 65+/-13 years); 21 (96%) were > or =50 years of age. The syndrome is characterized by (1) acute substernal chest pain with ST-segment elevation and/or T-wave inversion; (2) absence of significant coronary arterial narrowing by angiography; (3) systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction 29+/-9%), with abnormal wall motion of the mid and distal LV, ie, "apical ballooning"; and (4) profound psychological stress (eg, death of relatives, domestic abuse, arguments, catastrophic medical diagnoses, devastating financial or gambling losses) immediately preceding and triggering the cardiac events. A significant proportion of patients (37%) had hemodynamic compromise and required vasopressor agents and intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. Each patient survived with normalized ejection fraction (63+/-6%; P<0.001) and rapid restoration to previous functional cardiovascular status within 6+/-3 days. In 95%, MRI identified diffusely distributed segmental wall-motion abnormalities that encompassed LV myocardium in multiple coronary arterial vascular territories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A reversible cardiomyopathy triggered by psychologically stressful events occurs in older women and may mimic evolving acute myocardial infarction or coronary syndrome. This condition is characterized by a distinctive form of systolic dysfunction that predominantly affects the distal LV chamber and a favorable outcome with appropriate medical therapy.
authors.affiliation: Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minn 55407, USA.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: Andrey G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Zenovich
authors.forename: Martin S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Maron
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindberg
authors.forename: Terrence F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Longe
authors.forename: Barry J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Maron
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013577:Syndrome; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D019210:Troponin I; D020107:Troponin T