title: High volume of subarachnoid levobupivacaine decreases drug requirement in first stage labor analgesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using the statistic method of sequential allocation, we realized a prospective double-blind study in order to establish the minimum local anesthetic concentration (MLAC) of large intrathecal volume of levobupivacaine, during the first stage labour analgesia in spontaneous and induced laboring women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five nulliparous, at term, with cervical dilatation <5 cm parturients requesting combined spinal/epidural analgesia, were enrolled. The starting concentration was chosen according to recent literature. Total volume of study solution was 10 ml and efficacy was assessed with a visual analogue pain scale at the height of the uterine contraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We established that MLAC of levobupivacaine, in 10 ml intrathecal volume, during the first stage of spontaneous and induced labour was 0.0134% and 0.0195%, respectively. No complications occurred during the study and the only side effect was shivering, which is common even in other anesthetic techniques. We produced a very selective sensitive block. Neither sympathetic nor motor block occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low intrathecally concentration of local anesthetic allows the anesthetist to reduce the total amount of drug and improves not only the differential blockade between motor and sensitive but also between sympathetic and sensitive fibers.
authors.affiliation: Anesthesia and Resuscitation Unit, Fatebenefratelli General Hospital, Rome, Italy. rparpaglioni@email.it
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Parpaglioni
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Frigo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebastiani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lemma
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbati
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Celleno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000009:adverse effects; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D013346:Subarachnoid Space
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine