title: Which patients with primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis should undergo endoscopic screening for oesophageal varices detection?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent guidelines from an AASLD Single Topic Symposium suggest that patients with cirrhosis, including those with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) or primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), should be screened for oesophageal varices when the platelet count is <140,000/mm3.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the validity of these guidelines in clinical practice in patients with PBC or PSC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of individuals undergoing screening upper endoscopy for oesophageal varices at a single centre. Oesophageal varices were reported as being present or absent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 235 patients with chronic liver disease, including 86 patients with PBC (n=79) or PSC (n=7), 104 patients with chronic viral hepatitis, and 45 with non-alcoholic cirrhosis of differing aetiologies, underwent a single screening endoscopy between 1996 and 2001. Oesophageal varices were detected in 26 (30%) of the PBC/PSC group, 38 (37%) of the viral hepatitis group, and 21 (47%) of the "other" group. Applying multiple logistic regression analysis to the data in the group with PBC/PSC, platelets <200,000/mm3 (odds ratio (OR) 5.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79-19.23)), albumin <40 g/l (OR 6.02 (95% CI 1.78-20.41)), and serum bilirubin >20 micromol/l (OR 3.66 (95% CI 1.07-12.47)) were shown to be independent risk factors for oesophageal varices. Prothrombin time was unhelpful. The values at these cut offs were not useful in predicting oesophageal varices in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that current guidelines recommended by the AASLD Single Topic symposium are invalid in our cohort of patients with PBC and PSC. Patients with a platelet count <200,000/mm3, an albumin level <40 g/l, and a bilirubin level >20 micromol/l should be screened for oesophageal varices.
authors.affiliation: Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, 6th Fl Fell Pavilion Rm 170, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bressler
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: El-Ashry
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Heathcote
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000150:complications*; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000458:organization & administration; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D010976:Platelet Count; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012709:Serum Albumin; D001663:Bilirubin