title: Steady-state analysis of glucose repression reveals hierarchical expression of proteins under Mig1p control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: Glucose repression is a global transcriptional regulatory mechanism commonly observed in micro-organisms for the repression of enzymes that are not essential for glucose metabolism. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mig1p, a homologue of Wilms' tumour protein, is a global repressor protein dedicated to glucose repression. Mig1p represses genes either by binding directly to the upstream repression sequence of structural genes or by indirectly repressing a transcriptional activator, such as Gal4p. In addition, some genes are repressed by both of the above mechanisms. This raises a fundamental question regarding the physiological relevance of the varied mechanisms of repression that exist involving Mig1p. We address this issue by comparing two well-known glucose-repression systems, that is, SUC2 and GAL gene expression systems, which encompass all the above three mechanisms. We demonstrate using steady-state analysis that these mechanisms lead to a hierarchical glucose repression profile of different family of genes. This switch over from one carbon source to another is well-calibrated as a function of glucose concentration through this hierarchical transcriptional response. The mechanisms prevailing in this repression system can achieve amplification and sensitivity, as observed in the well-characterized MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade system, albeit through a different structure. A critical feature of repression predicted by our steady-state model for the mutant strain of S. cerevisiae lacking Gal80p agrees well with the data reported here as well as that available in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
authors.forename: Malkhey
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verma
authors.forename: Paike J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bhat
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Venkatesh
mesh_terms: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D005838:Genotype; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D043324:beta-Fructofuranosidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C052130:GAL4 protein, S cerevisiae; C055002:GAL80 protein, S cerevisiae; C099289:Gal3 protein, S cerevisiae; C085976:MIG1 protein, S cerevisiae; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C468437:SUC2 protein, S cerevisiae; D043324:beta-Fructofuranosidase; D005947:Glucose; D005690:Galactose