title: Long-term mortality after preeclampsia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many believe that preeclampsia is not associated with future morbidity or mortality. We sought to investigate the long-term risk of mortality in women with preeclampsia, focusing on those known to be subsequently normotensive.
  
  
  METHODS
  We ascertained deaths during 24-36 years' follow-up in a cohort of 37,061 women who delivered in Jerusalem in 1964-1976, including 1,070 women with preeclampsia. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the risk of mortality associated with preeclampsia while controlling for the woman's age and education, history of diabetes, heart disease and low birth weight birth, the husband's social class, and the calendar year at the start of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with women who were not diagnosed with preeclampsia, the relative risk of death after preeclampsia was 2.1 (95% confidence interval = 1.8-2.5). Deaths from cardiovascular disease contributed most strongly to this increase. Among women with preeclampsia who had subsequent births without preeclampsia, the excess risk of mortality became manifest only after 20 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings, together with other recent cohort studies, define preeclampsia as a risk marker for mortality from cardiovascular disease. They suggest that the observation of a normal blood pressure after preeclampsia should not discourage the search for other cardiovascular risk factors or abrogate the need for other preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Section of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8063, USA. edmund.funai@yale.edu
authors.forename: Edmund F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Funai
authors.forename: Yechiel
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Friedlander
authors.forename: Ora
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Paltiel
authors.forename: Efrat
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tiram
authors.forename: Xiaonan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harlap
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008877:Middle East / Q000453:epidemiology; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000401:mortality*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors