title: Endothelin-1 levels and conduit artery mechanical properties in end-stage renal disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction markers are increased in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study focused on the relationship between EC markers, conduit artery wall mechanics and hemodynamics in ESRD.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 29 ESRD patients and 16 controls, brachial artery diameter, distension, and wall thickness was measured and circumferential wall stress (CWS) calculated. Shear stress was determined with a shear rate-estimating system. Furthermore, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  vWF (p = 0.002) and ET-1 (p < 0.001) were higher in ESRD patients and vWF was related to ET-1 (r = 0.70, p = 0.005). Peak (p = 0.001) and mean shear stress (p = 0.003) were significantly lower in ESRD patients, and ET-1 showed an inverse log linear relation with both (peak: r = -0.59, p = 0.016; mean: r = -0.64, p = 0.007). Also, ET-1 was log linearly related to CWS (r = 0.58, p = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that, in ESRD, conduit artery shear stress is lower, which might be secondary to an increased peripheral vascular resistance caused by higher ET-1 levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospital Maastricht, NL-6202 Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dammers
authors.forename: Arnold P G
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hoeks
authors.forename: Jan H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tordoir
authors.forename: Rob J Th J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Welten
authors.forename: Karly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamulyák
authors.forename: Jeroen P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kooman
authors.forename: Peter J E H M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Kitslaar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D014841:von Willebrand Factor