title: Statin-inhibited endothelial permeability could be associated with its effect on PECAM-1 in endothelial cells.
abstract: The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are known to inhibit leukocyte recruitment to endothelium but the mechanism is less understood. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) is an endothelial junction protein involved in leukocyte diapedesis. We hypothesize that in endothelial cells, statins may well recruit PECAM-1 to exert their inhibitory effect on leukocyte trans-endothelial migration (TEM). In lovastatin-treated resting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), increased levels of mRNA and protein of PECAM-1 as well as its bio-synthesis (all approximately 2-fold) were observed by real-time PCR, Western blotting and 35S-labeled methionine incorporation assay, respectively. Moreover, in lovastatin treated resting cells as well as TNF-alpha activated endothelial cells, unanimously decreased Triton X-100 insoluble and soluble PECAM-1 ratio was observed. Such changes were accompanied by decreased TEM of U-937 cells (a promonocyte cell line). All lovastatin's effects were abrogated by mevalonic acid. In resting HUVECs, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), but not farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) (both are isoprenoid intermediates in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway) compromised the effect of lovastatin on PECAM-1 expression, whereas C3 toxin, an inhibitor of small G proteins, exerted statin-like effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Statin-reduced endothelial permeability could be attributed to altered intracellular distribution of PECAM-1 in endothelial cells. We speculate that lovastatin regulates PECAM-1 expression in HUVECs through the mevalonate-GGPP pathway by inhibiting of Rho small GTPase.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, Johns Hopkins Singapore-National Heart Centre Vascular Biology Program, 31 Biopolis Way, #03-00 The Nanos Building, Singapore 138669, Singapore.
authors.forename: Heming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Subroto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chatterjee
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008148:Lovastatin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011106:Polyisoprenyl Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D011106:Polyisoprenyl Phosphates; D008148:Lovastatin; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; C002963:geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate; D008798:Mevalonic Acid