Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human.
The genomic sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses from human and palm civet of the 2003/2004 outbreak in the city of Guangzhou, China, were nearly identical. Phylogenetic analysis suggested an independent viral invasion from animal to human in this new episode. Combining all existing data but excluding singletons, we identified 202 single-nucleotide variations. Among them, 17 are polymorphic in palm civets only. The ratio of nonsynonymous/synonymous nucleotide substitution in palm civets collected 1 yr apart from different geographic locations is very high, suggesting a rapid evolving process of viral proteins in civet as well, much like their adaptation in the human host in the early 2002-2003 epidemic. Major genetic variations in some critical genes, particularly the Spike gene, seemed essential for the transition from animal-to-human transmission to human-to-human transmission, which eventually caused the first severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak of 2002/2003.
Song
Huai-Dong
HD
State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics/Pôle Sino-Français de Recherche en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Second Medical University, 197 Rui Jin Road II, Shanghai 200025, China.
Tu
Chang-Chun
CC
Zhang
Guo-Wei
GW
Wang
Sheng-Yue
SY
Zheng
Kui
K
Lei
Lian-Cheng
LC
Chen
Qiu-Xia
QX
Gao
Yu-Wei
YW
Zhou
Hui-Qiong
HQ
Xiang
Hua
H
Zheng
Hua-Jun
HJ
Chern
Shur-Wern Wang
SW
Cheng
Feng
F
Pan
Chun-Ming
CM
Xuan
Hua
H
Chen
Sai-Juan
SJ
Luo
Hui-Ming
HM
Zhou
Duan-Hua
DH
Liu
Yu-Fei
YF
He
Jian-Feng
JF
Qin
Peng-Zhe
PZ
Li
Ling-Hui
LH
Ren
Yu-Qi
YQ
Liang
Wen-Jia
WJ
Yu
Ye-Dong
YD
Anderson
Larry
L
Wang
Ming
M
Xu
Rui-Heng
RH
Wu
Xin-Wei
XW
Zheng
Huan-Ying
HY
Chen
Jin-Ding
JD
Liang
Guodong
G
Gao
Yang
Y
Liao
Ming
M
Fang
Ling
L
Jiang
Li-Yun
LY
Li
Hui
H
Chen
Fang
F
Di
Biao
B
He
Li-Juan
LJ
Lin
Jin-Yan
JY
Tong
Suxiang
S
Kong
Xiangang
X
Du
Lin
L
Hao
Pei
P
Tang
Hua
H
Bernini
Andrea
A
Yu
Xiao-Jing
XJ
Spiga
Ottavia
O
Guo
Zong-Ming
ZM
Pan
Hai-Yan
HY
He
Wei-Zhong
WZ
Manuguerra
Jean-Claude
JC
Fontanet
Arnaud
A
Danchin
Antoine
A
Niccolai
Neri
N
Li
Yi-Xue
YX
Wu
Chung-I
CI
Zhao
Guo-Ping
GP
D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D045949:Viverridae / Q000821:virology*; D015047:Zoonoses / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology
D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins