title: A family-based association study does not support DYX1C1 on 15q21.3 as a candidate gene in developmental dyslexia.
abstract: We applied a family-based association approach to investigate the role of the DYX1C1 gene on chromosome 15q as a candidate gene for developmental dyslexia (DD) to 158 families containing at least one dyslexic child. We directly sequenced exons 2 and 10 of the DYX1C1 gene and found eight single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), three of which (-3G>A, 1249 G>T, 1259 C>G) were suitable for the genetic analyses. We performed single- and multimarker association analyses with DD as a categorical trait by FBAT version 1.4 and TRANSMIT version 2.5.4 programs. Our sample had a power of at least 80% to detect an association between the selected phenotypes and the informative polymorphisms at a significance level of 5%. The results of the categorical analyses did not support the involvement of the DYX1C1 gene variants in this sample of dyslexics and their relatives. Quantitative and multimarker analyses, which provide greater power to detect loci with a minor effect, consistently yielded nonsignificant results. While D1X1C1 is a good candidate gene for DD, we were unable to replicate the original findings between DYX1C1 gene and DD, perhaps due to genetic heterogeneity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Psychiatry, Scientific Institute 'Eugenio Medea', via Don L Monza 20, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy. cmarino@bp.lnf.it
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marino
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giorda
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luisa Lorusso
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vanzin
authors.forename: Nello
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salandi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nobile
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Citterio
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beri
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Crespi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battaglia
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Molteni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15 / Q000235:genetics*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009679:Nuclear Family; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; C478878:DNAAF4 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins