title: Mitigating the impact of hospital restructuring on nurses: the responsibility of emotionally intelligent leadership.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A decade of North American hospital restructuring in the 1990s resulted in the layoff of thousands of nurses, leading to documented negative consequences for both nurses and patients. Nurses who remained employed experienced significant negative physical and emotional health, decreased job satisfaction, and decreased opportunity to provide quality care.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To develop a theoretical model of the impact of hospital restructuring on nurses and determine the extent to which emotionally intelligent nursing leadership mitigated any of these impacts.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was drawn from all registered nurses in acute care hospitals in Alberta, Canada, accessed through their professional licensing body (N = 6,526 nurses; 53% response rate). Thirteen leadership competencies (founded on emotional intelligence) were used to create 7 data sets reflecting different leadership styles: 4 resonant, 2 dissonant, and 1 mixed. The theoretical model was then estimated 7 times using structural equation modeling and the seven data sets.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses working for resonant leaders reported significantly less emotional exhaustion and psychosomatic symptoms, better emotional health, greater workgroup collaboration and teamwork with physicians, more satisfaction with supervision and their jobs, and fewer unmet patient care needs than did nurses working for dissonant leaders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resonant leadership styles mitigated the impact of hospital restructuring on nurses, while dissonant leadership intensified this impact. These findings have implications for future hospital restructuring, accountabilities of hospital leaders, the achievement of positive patient outcomes, the development of practice environments, the emotional health and well-being of nurses, and ultimately patient care outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. gretac@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Greta
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hayduk
authors.forename: Carole
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Estabrooks
mesh_terms: D000416:Alberta; D002055:Burnout, Professional / Q000517:prevention & control; D004644:Emotions; D006754:Hospital Restructuring; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D007857:Leadership; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009718:Nurse Administrators / Q000523:psychology* / Q000592:standards; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000523:psychology*; D016134:Organizational Policy; D010559:Personnel Management; D011361:Professional Competence; D000078329:Workforce