title: Expression of mRNA and protein of macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its receptor in human follicular luteinized granulosa cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the concentration of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in serum and follicular fluid (FF) at the time of oocyte retrieval and to detect expression of M-CSF and its receptor by luteinized granulosa cells (GCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Collection of serum and FF at the time of oocyte retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university IVF- intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) program.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and FF were obtained from 85 women undergoing oocyte retrieval.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and FF were obtained from 85 women. The GCs were pooled from 15 (3 x 5) patients (3-14 oocytes each).
  
  
  METHODS
  The M-CSF concentration was determined by ELISA, the expression of M-CSF and its receptor by the immunocytochemical technique and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, M-CSF expression was investigated by cell culture time course studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median M-CSF concentration in FF (2,409.2 pg/mL) was significantly higher than that in serum (242.5 pg/mL). The M-CSF and its receptor were expressed by GCs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significantly higher level of M-CSF in FF than in serum and the expression of M-CSF and its receptor in FF by GCs suggest an important role for this growth factor in ovarian function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Campus Kiel, University Hospitals Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmassi
authors.forename: Zhifen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Andreas G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Schmutzler
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Sybille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buck
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jonat
authors.forename: Liselotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mettler
mesh_terms: D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D034461:Luteinization / Q000502:physiology; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D016186:Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor