title: Development and validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for the determination of detailed fatty acid intakes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate a fat intake questionnaire (FIQ) developed to assess habitual dietary intake while focusing on the assessment of detailed fatty acid intake including total trans unsaturated fatty acids (TUFA).
  
  
  METHODS
  An 88 food item/food group FIQ was developed using a meal pattern technique. Validation was achieved by comparison with dietary intake assessed by a modified diet history (DH) in a cross-over design. Eighty-four individuals supplied adipose tissue biopsies for linoleic acid and total TUFA analysis as an independent validation of the FIQ and DH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical Centre, Dublin Airport, Republic of Ireland.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and five healthy volunteers (43 females and 62 males aged 23-63 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant correlations (P<0.0005) were achieved for intakes of energy (0.78), total fat (0.77), saturated fat (0.77), monounsaturated fat (0.63), polyunsaturated fat (0.73), TUFA (0.67) and linoleic acid (0.71) assessed by the FIQ compared with the DH. Linoleic acid intake assessed by the FIQ and the DH was significantly correlated with adipose tissue concentrations (r=0.58 and 0.49, respectively; P<0.005); however, total TUFA intake was poorly correlated with adipose tissue concentrations (r=0.17 and 0.10 for FIQ and DH, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The FIQ compared favourably with the DH in assessing habitual diet, in particular fatty acid intake. In addition, the FIQ was successfully validated against the linoleic acid composition of adipose tissue, an independent biomarker of relative fatty acid status. The FIQ could therefore be used as an alternative to the DH as it is a shorter, less labour-intensive method.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Republic of Ireland.
authors.forename: Marie M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Cantwell
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Gibney
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: Kate M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Younger
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: Mary A T
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Flynn
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry*; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D044242:Trans Fatty Acids; D019787:Linoleic Acid