title: Genetic polymorphisms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: Etiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains unknown but, despite some inconsistencies in reports on inflammatory cells, mediators and proteases involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, genetic risk factors were proposed as a cause of susceptibility to the disease. Results of many studies suggested polygenic inheritance, with the genetic component consisting of several genes of a small effect each, rather than of single major gene. We are going to review the clinical importance of alpha-1 antitrypsin, glutathione S-transferase, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, matrix metalloproteinase, tumor necrosis factor-a, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, cytochrome P4501A1, heme oxygenase-1 genes polymorphisms associated with susceptibility and progression of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pulmonology and Immunology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Eiveniu 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania. ugenskiene@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rasa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ugenskiene
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanak
authors.forename: Raimundas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakalauskas
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szczeklik
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000235:genetics*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000515:alpha 1-Antitrypsin; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases