Anti-inflammatory activity of gumiganghwaltang through the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation in peritoneal macrophages.
Gumiganghwaltang (GMGHT) is an Oriental herbal prescription, which has been commonly used to treat a cold and inflammatory diseases in Korea. However, the mechanism of GMGHT is not clear. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of GMGHT in mouse peritoneal macrophages. GMGHT exerted an anti-inflammatory action through inhibiting lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 production in mouse peritoneal macrophages. The maximal inhibition rate of TNF-alpha, and IL-6 production by GMGHT (1 mg/ml) was 52.31+/-2.8% and 56.31+/-3.1%, respectively. In the inflammatory process, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) increased in peritoneal macrophages. GMGHT decreased the protein level of COX-2 and iNOS in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. In addition, GMGHT inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB activation and IkappaB-alpha degradation. Our study suggests that an important molecular mechanism by GMKHT reduce inflammation, which might explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of inflammatory reactions.
Kim
Su-Jin
SJ
College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemum-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
Jeong
Hyun-Ja
HJ
Moon
Phil-Dong
PD
Lee
Kang-Min
KM
Lee
Hong-Beom
HB
Jung
Hee-Jae
HJ
Jung
Sung-Ki
SK
Rhee
Hyung-Koo
HK
Yang
Deok-Chun
DC
Hong
Seung-Heon
SH
Kim
Hyung-Min
HM
D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D016328:NF-kappa B; D028321:Plant Preparations; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse