title: Exploring peers as a mediator of the association between depression and smoking in young adolescents.
abstract: Recent research has suggested that depression causes teens to begin smoking to elevate their mood. Other studies, however, have suggested the reverse causal direction: smoking causes depression. To gain a more complete understanding of the relationship between smoking and depression, potential mediators should be explored. This study explored how peer influences could mediate the relationship between depression and smoking. The methodology of Baron and Kenney was followed to test for mediation and moderation. Peers mediated the relationship between depression and smoking. Separate analyses by gender showed that depression remained significantly associated with smoking when peers were included in the model for girls only. Peer influence was related to depressed affect for both genders. These results provide evidence that peer influences are an important variable to take into consideration when addressing a depression smoking relationship.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Alhambra, CA 91803, USA. ritt@usc.edu
authors.forename: Anamara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ritt-Olson
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Valente
authors.forename: Elahe
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nezami
authors.forename: Chih-ping
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trinidad
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milam
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Earleywine
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: C Anderson
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000339:Affect; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D012932:Social Facilitation