title: Influence of antimicrobial treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection on the intestinal microflora in Japanese macaques.
abstract: Eradication treatment for Helicobacter pylori is known to cause mild but relatively frequent adverse effects. Some adverse effects such as diarrhoea and soft stools are related to disruption of the composition of the intestinal microflora. This study investigated the microfloral changes resulting from administration of an eradication regimen using proton pump inhibitor (PPI), amoxycillin and clarithromycin. Twenty-eight laboratory-bred Japanese macaques either were administered eradication treatment by this regimen for 7 days or received no medication. Faecal samples were collected for analysis on days 0, 8 and 15, and both aerobic and anaerobic cultures were performed. Among aerobic bacteria, Streptococcus had significantly decreased by day 8, while Enterococcus and Enterobacteriaceae had significantly increased. However, the total number of aerobic bacteria was not significantly decreased from pretreatment levels 1 day after completion of treatment. The number of anaerobic bacteria did not change significantly by day 8. However, the number of Lactobacillus and the detection rate of Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus and Veillonella significantly decreased by day 8, although the number of Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus and Veillonella had almost recovered up to the pretreatment levels 1 week after completion of treatment (day 15). These results suggest that the alterations in the composition of the intestinal microflora caused by the antimicrobial regimen that excludes metronidazole are different from those caused by the regimen including this drug. However, the alterations in bacterial microflora had almost reversed 7 days after completion of treatment in these macaques, which supports clinical findings that diarrhoea or soft stools in humans resolve relatively quickly after a similar treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical College, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical College, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical College, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shintani
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical College, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hori
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical College, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical College, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkusa
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical College, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Medical College, Mukogawa-cho 1-1, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan 2Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miwa
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D064747:Lansoprazole; D008251:Macaca; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064747:Lansoprazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole