title: The influence of donor gender on allograft vasculopathy: evidence from intravascular ultrasound.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allograft vasculopathy is a major risk factor for mortality following cardiac transplantation. Several immune and nonimmune factors have been evaluated as risk factors for the development of coronary vasculopathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the influence of donor gender on the progression of coronary vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-nine heart transplant recipients (67 men, 22 women of mean age: 56 +/- 12 years) underwent serial volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis (IVUS) at baseline (within 1 month) and at 1 year after transplantation. Patients were divided into four groups in relation to the donor-recipient gender status: female-female, n=17; female-male, n=28; male-female, n=5; male-male, n=39. Ultrasound images were recorded during an automated pullback and with an equal number of slices (average=22 per coronary vessel). The measured IVUS indices for the left anterior descending artery were: change in maximal intimal thickness, average intimal area, total plaque volume, and intimal index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were similar in baseline characteristics. At 1 year after transplantation, IVUS indices of coronary vasculopathy were significantly increased among recipients of female allografts (P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heart transplant recipients of female allografts display increased coronary vasculopathy progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Kaufman Center for Heart Failure, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erinc
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yamani
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Starling
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Crowe
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Ratliff
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bott-Silverman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rincon
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Smedira
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tuzcu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000473:pathology*; D014463:Ultrasonography