title: MUNC-ing around with insulin action.
abstract: Defective uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, or insulin resistance, is a central feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes. As we brace ourselves for the diabetes epidemic, it is reassuring to know that real progress is being made in defining the molecular biology of how insulin stimulates glucose uptake and what goes awry in obesity and type 2 diabetes. An understanding of the molecular determinants of insulin-stimulated glucose transport has been one of the holy grails of hormone action research. A major breakthrough was the discovery that insulin stimulates the translocation of a specific glucose transport protein, GLUT4, from intracellular vesicles to the cell surface. Elucidating how this process is regulated has remained a challenge because it represents a convergence of 2 disparate and complex fields of research--namely, vesicle transport and signal transduction. A study reported in this issue of the JCI using mice lacking Munc18c, one of the vesicle-trafficking proteins involved in GLUT4 translocation, has provided new insights into the signaling/trafficking intersection that controls insulin-stimulated GLUT4 movement.
authors.affiliation: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. D.james@garvan.org.au
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051938:Munc18 Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D051938:Munc18 Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C495692:SLC2A4 protein, human; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; C497943:Stxbp3 protein, mouse; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D005947:Glucose