title: Role of pelvicography and colpocystodefecography in diagnosis of outlet obstructive constipation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim was to research the changes in pelvic floor morphology and corresponding visceras in patients with outlet obstructive constipation (OOC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with OOC and 12 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. With simultaneous pelvicography and colpocystodefecography (PCCD), including pelvicography, vaginal opacification, voiding cystography and defecography, pelvic floor morphology was observed and the anorectal angle, the level of the perineum, peritoneum and bladder were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven cases of internal rectal prolapse (IRP), 5 cases of rectocele (RC) and 5 cases of spastic pelvic floor syndrome SPFS were diagnosed by PCCD. 12 IRP, 4 RC and 1 SPFS were detected by common physical examination. All of these were confirmed by PCCD. Moreover, PCCD found 9 pelvic floor hernia or peritoneoceles, 6 cystoceles, 3 descending perineum syndromes and 10 uterine prolapses. Compared with controls, OOC patients had a significantly large anorectal angle during defecation, abnormal descending of the perineum at rest and during defecation, and a deep pouch of Douglas during defecation. Some patients with urinary system symptoms may have had an abnormal descent of the bladder during rest and defecation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous PCCD has a higher positive ratio than the common physical examination in diagnosing IRP and RC, and provides information for the diagnosis of pelvic floor hernia or peritoneocele, cystocele or uterine prolapse. PCCD is helpful in the selection of a proper surgical procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 400042 Chongqing, China. lbh57268@163.com
authors.forename: Bao-Hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shi-Wen
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Wei-Dong
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Shui-Gen
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Sheng-Ben
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology*; D019841:Defecography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000473:pathology*; D010502:Perineum / Q000473:pathology; D010808:Physical Examination; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D012005:Rectal Prolapse / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D020047:Rectocele / Q000150:complications*; D013577:Syndrome; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis