title: [Isolation and structure identification of grape seed polyphenols and its effects on oxidative damage to cellular DNA].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To isolate polyphenols from grape seeds and to evaluate their antioxidant effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pure compounds were isolated by using Diaion HP20, Toyopearl HW40 chromatography repeatedly, as well as semi-preparative RP-HPLC, from ethyl acetate extract of grape seeds. IR, MS, NMR, CD, X-Ray crystal diffraction spectral analysis were used to identify the structures. The antioxidant effects of different type of structures were screened by reducing power and DPPH (alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging tests. Then, SCGE (single cell gel-electrophoresis) technique was used to investigate the effects of these potent antioxidant phytochemicals on cellular DNA oxidative damage with mice spleen cells, damage was induced by H2O2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven compounds were obtained including 3 novel structures, viniferones A, B and C. Proanthocyanidin B4, catecin, epicatechin and gallic acid showed strong antioxidant power, and at lower concentration (10 micromol x L(-1), 25 micromol x L(-1)), they can prevent cellular DNA damage, while 150 micromol x L(-1) catechin induced damage by itself.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Viniferones A, B and C were reported for the first time. That polyphenols investigated were shown to be good cellular DNA oxidative damage-preventing phytochemicals at lower concentration, could be used to explain the nutrient effect of grape seed polyphenols at certain degree. At the same time, higher concentration of polyphenols can induce oxidative damage, suggesting that dose is one factor to determine the nutrient effects.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
authors.forename: Pei-Hong
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Hong-Xiang
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Lou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002469:Cell Separation; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005707:Gallic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010636:Phenols / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D059808:Polyphenols; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001578:Benzopyrans; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; C502280:viniferone A; D005707:Gallic Acid