title: Skin pigmentation evaluation in broilers fed natural and synthetic pigments.
abstract: Broiler carcass skin color is important in the United States and Mexico. This study evaluated the use of natural and synthetic pigments in broiler diets at commercial levels. Birds were fed natural or synthetic pigments at low or high levels, simulating US and Mexican commercial practices. Skin color was measured during live production (3 to 7 wk of age) and after slaughter and chilling. The natural pigments had consistently greater skin b* values (yellowness) than the synthetic pigments. The high levels produced greater skin b* values than the low levels, regardless of source. The synthetic pigments had a slower increase in skin b* but reached the same level as the natural low by 7 wk. There was no difference in skin a* values (redness) due to pigment source or level or the age of the bird. By 7 wk, all pigment sources approached plateau levels in the blood, but the synthetic pigment diet produced higher blood levels of yellow and red pigments than the natural pigment diets. Processing intensified skin yellowness and reduced skin redness. These data suggest that although synthetic pigments might have been absorbed better than natural ones, natural pigments were more efficient at increasing skin yellowness and there were only small differences between high and low levels for each pigment source. This finding may allow reduction in pigment use and feed cost to achieve the same skin acceptance by the consumer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2472, USA.
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Castañeda
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hirschler
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sams
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000191:economics; D000818:Animals; D016644:Canthaxanthin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004032:Diet; D005524:Food Technology; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D012880:Skin Pigmentation; D024341:Xanthophylls / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D010860:Pigments, Biological; D024341:Xanthophylls; D016644:Canthaxanthin