title: Costs and effectiveness of ximelagatran for stroke prophylaxis in chronic atrial fibrillation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent trials have found that ximelagatran and warfarin are equally effective in stroke prevention for patients with atrial fibrillation. Because ximelagatran can be taken in a fixed, oral dose without international normalized ratio monitoring and may have a lower risk of hemorrhage, it might improve quality-adjusted survival compared with dose-adjusted warfarin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare quality-adjusted survival and cost among 3 alternative therapies for patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: ximelagatran, warfarin, and aspirin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-Markov decision model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypothetical cohort of 70-year-old patients with chronic atrial fibrillation, varying risk of stroke, and no contraindications to anticoagulation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs in US dollars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For patients with atrial fibrillation but no additional risk factors for stroke, both ximelagatran and warfarin cost more than 50,000 dollars per QALY compared with aspirin. For patients with additional stroke risk factors and low hemorrhage risk, ximelagatran modestly increased quality-adjusted survival (0.12 QALY) at a substantial cost (116,000 dollars per QALY) compared with warfarin. For ximelagatran to cost less than 50,000 dollars per QALY it would have to cost less than 1100 dollars per year or be prescribed to patients who have an elevated risk of intracranial hemorrhage (>1.0% per year of warfarin) or a low quality of life with warfarin therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Assuming equal effectiveness in stroke prevention and decreased hemorrhage risk, ximelagatran is not likely to be cost-effective in patients with atrial fibrillation unless they have a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage or a low quality of life with warfarin.
authors.affiliation: Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Cara L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Gage
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001241:Aspirin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000191:economics; D001384:Azetidines / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001596:Benzylamines; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D006801:Humans; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States; D014859:Warfarin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D011355:Prodrugs; C426686:ximelagatran; D014859:Warfarin; D001241:Aspirin