title: Recent advances in non-interventional pediatric cardiac catheterization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of cardiac catheterization in pediatric cardiology has changed significantly in the past 10-15 years. As interventional procedures dominate the field, it is important to examine the recent advances in non-interventional pediatric cardiac catheterization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Meaningful and accurate data must be acquired for the presurgical evaluation of patients with congenital heart disease to better guide clinical decisions. In particular, all patients with single- ventricle physiology currently undergo diagnostic catheterization before bidirectional Glenn and Fontan surgeries. Recent studies are beginning to identify a subset of these patients who may not need to undergo presurgical catheterization. As surgical techniques evolve, diagnostic catheterization has a role in the analysis of hemodynamic variables and clinical outcomes. This can be seen in recent papers that examine the Sano modification to the Norwood procedure.Recent papers demonstrate the continued development of new techniques, new technology, and a progression towards smaller equipment. The use of conductance catheters, Doppler flow wires, and smaller traditional catheters will allow the pediatric cardiologist to more accurately and safely evaluate hemodynamic parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-interventional pediatric cardiac catheterization continues to have an important role in the assessment and treatment of patients with congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Babies Hospital North, University of Columbia Hospital, New York, New York, USA. jk2076@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Joshua P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kanter
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hellenbrand
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D002648:Child; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000639:trends*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000592:standards*; D018570:Risk Assessment