title: Application of capillary electrophoresis combined with a modified BCR sequential extraction for estimating of distribution of selected trace metals in PM2.5 fractions of urban airborne particulate matter.
abstract: The capillary electrophoresis (CE) method combined with a sequential extraction was applied to determine the distribution of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Cd in urban ambient air PM2.5 samples. PM2.5 was collected on Teflon filters with dichotomous sampler, and the modified extraction procedure following the BCR leaching procedure was used to chemically fractionate metals into "easily exchangeable" with water, "acid extractable" with 0.11 mol/l acetic acid, "reducible" with 0.1 mol/l hydroxylamine hydrochloride acidified to pH 2.0 with nitric acid, and "oxidisable" with oxidation by 8.8 mol/l hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) followed by extraction with 1.0 mol/l ammonium acetate. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that the application of the studied methodology provides chemical fractionation data that reflect the general sources and potential health hazards of the studied metals.
authors.affiliation: Analysis and Air Quality Division, Environmental Technology Centre, Environment Canada, 335 River Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A OH3. ewa.dabek@ec.gc.ca
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dabek-Zlotorzynska
authors.forename: Meghan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chuni L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D002170:Canada; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D002947:Cities; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D019216:Metals, Heavy