title: Contemporary management of acute coronary syndromes: does the practice match the evidence? The global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine to what extent evidence based guidelines are followed in the management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the UK, elsewhere in Europe, and multinationally, and what the outcomes are.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multinational, prospective, observational registry (GRACE, global registry of acute coronary events) with six months' follow up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting to a cluster of hospitals. The study was designed to collect data representative of the full spectrum of ACS in specific geographic populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients admitted with a working diagnosis of unstable angina or suspected myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Death during hospitalisation and at six months' follow up (adjusted for baseline risks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In ST elevation MI, reperfusion was applied more often in the UK (71%) than in Europe (65%) and multinationally (59%) (p < 0.01). However, this was almost entirely by lytic treatment, in contrast with elsewhere (primary percutaneous coronary intervention 1%, 29%, 16%, respectively). Statins were applied more frequently in the UK for all classes of patients with ACS (p < 0.0001). In contrast there was lower use of revascularisation procedures in non-ST MI (20% v 37% v 28%, respectively) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists (6% v 25% v 26%, respectively). In-hospital death rates, adjusted for baseline risk, were not significantly different but six month death rates were higher in the UK for ST elevation MI (7.2% UK, 4.3% Europe, 5.3% multinationally; p < 0.0001) and non-ST elevation MI (7.5%, 6.2%, and 6.7%, respectively; p = 0.012, UK v Europe).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Current management of ACS in the UK more closely follows the recommendations of the National Service Framework than British or European guidelines. Differences in practice may account for the observed higher event rates in the UK after hospital discharge.
authors.affiliation: The University and The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Carruthers
authors.forename: O H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Dabbous
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Flather
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Starkey
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Macleod
authors.forename: K A A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fox
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization / Q000379:methods; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom