title: Renal tubular acidosis and severe hypophosphataemia due to toluene inhalation.
abstract: A 21-year-old woman developed severe muscle paralysis after sniffing toluene-containing thinner solution for 2 weeks. Her serum chemistries revealed severe hypokalaemia and a normal anion gap hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis secondary to renal tubular acidosis. Her initial presentation mimicked hypokalaemic periodic paralysis, but toxicology screening of her blood and urine revealed the correct diagnosis of toluene poisoning. Her electrolyte and acid-base status returned to normal 4 days after cessation of toluene sniffing. On another occasion, apart from renal tubular acidosis, the patient also developed severe hypophosphataemia with the phosphate level decreasing to 0.15 mmol/L. Hypophosphataemia with such a low phosphate level after toluene poisoning has been rarely reported in the literature. Toluene inhalation can result in multiple electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities, and should be considered in the diagnosis of any young patient who presents with unexplained hypokalaemia and normal anion gap metabolic acidosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Kowloon, Hong Kong. pmhrenal@hotmail.com
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cheuk
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: H W H
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D000141:Acidosis, Renal Tubular / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000328:Adult; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017674:Hypophosphatemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000139:chemically induced; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D010243:Paralysis / Q000139:chemically induced; D012997:Solvents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D014050:Toluene / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D012997:Solvents; D014050:Toluene