title: Wine drinking is associated with increased heart rate variability in women with coronary heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that alcohol consumption is positively related to heart rate variability (HRV) in women with coronary heart disease (CHD) and therefore that cardiac autonomic activity is potentially implicated in the mediation of the favourable effects of moderate drinking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross sectional study of female patients who survived hospitalisation for acute myocardial infarction or underwent a revascularisation procedure, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, or coronary artery bypass grafting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory 24 hour ECG was recorded during normal activities. The mean of the standard deviations of all normal to normal intervals for all five minute segments of the entire recording (SDNNI) and the following frequency domain parameters were assessed: total power, high frequency power, low frequency power, and very low frequency power. A standardised questionnaire evaluated self reported consumption of individual alcoholic beverage types: beer, wine, and spirits. Other clinical characteristics, such as age, body mass index, smoking habits, history of diabetes mellitus, menopausal status, educational status, and treatment, were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Wine intake was associated with increased HRV in both time and frequency domains independently of other clinical covariates (for example, ln SDNNI was 3.89 among wine drinkers v 3.59 among wine non-drinkers in the multivariate model; p = 0.014). In contrast, consumption of beer and spirits and the total amount of alcohol consumed did not relate significantly to any of the HRV parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intake of wine, but not of spirits or beer, is positively and independently associated with HRV in women with CHD. These results may contribute to the understanding of the complex relation between alcohol consumption and CHD.
authors.affiliation: Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institute, and Centre of Public Health, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janszky
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blom
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Georgiades
authors.forename: J-O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Magnusson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alinagizadeh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahnve
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods; D001515:Beer; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology; D014920:Wine