title: Phenotype determination guides swift genotyping of a DFNA2/KCNQ4 family with a hot spot mutation (W276S).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Genotype a family trait with autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural hearing impairment guided only by the phenotype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Family study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen family members.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first phase, sequence analysis was performed on DNA isolated from buccal swabs of the proband and her daughter, guided by the phenotype based on audiometric data that were already available. After detection of the W276S missense mutation in the KCNQ4 gene in both patients, this finding was confirmed in the other affected family members. All participants completed a questionnaire, were clinically examined, and underwent standard pure-tone audiometry. The results were analyzed to refine the phenotypic features of the family trait.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All clinically affected participants were carriers of the W276S hotspot mutation in exon 5 of the KCNQ4 gene on chromosome 1p34. Refined phenotypic features confirmed previously described phenotypes of DFNA2 families.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phenotype determination can be cost saving and very effective in detecting the genotype of autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing impairment, especially when phenotype analyses can be performed on data that are already available or easily collected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Vedat
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Topsakal
authors.forename: Ronald J E
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Pennings
authors.forename: Heleen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: te Brinke
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: Patrick L M
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Huygen
authors.forename: Hannie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Cor W R J
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cremers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D002648:Child; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005799:Genes, Dominant; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D005838:Genotype; D006316:Hearing Loss, High-Frequency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051656:KCNQ Potassium Channels; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009426:Netherlands; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000235:genetics*; D011304:Presbycusis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D051656:KCNQ Potassium Channels; C117367:KCNQ4 protein, human; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated