title: Concordant evolution of trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase and an rDNA species phylogeny of trichothecene-producing and non-producing fusaria and other ascomycetous fungi.
abstract: The cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum species complex (e.g. Fusarium asiaticum, previously referred to as F. graminearum lineage 6) produces the mycotoxin trichothecene in infected grains. The fungus has a gene for self-defence, Tri101, which is responsible for 3-O-acetylation of the trichothecene skeleton in the biosynthetic pathway. Recently, trichothecene non-producers Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi (teleomorph Gibberella fujikuroi) were shown to have both functional (Tri201) and non-functional (pseudo-Tri101) trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase genes in their genome. To gain insight into the evolution of the trichothecene genes in Gibberella species, the authors examined whether or not other (pseudo-)biosynthesis-related genes are found near Tri201. However, sequence analysis of a 12 kb region containing Tri201 did not result in identification of additional trichothecene (pseudo-)genes in F. oxysporum. In a further attempt to find other trichothecene (pseudo-)genes from the non-producer, the authors examined whether or not the non-trichothecene genes flanking the ends of the core trichothecene gene cluster (i.e. the Tri5 cluster) comprise a region of synteny in Gibberella species. However, it was not possible to isolate trichothecene (pseudo-)genes from F. oxysporum (in addition to the previously identified pseudo-Tri101), because synteny was not observed for this region in F. asiaticum and F. oxysporum. In contrast to this unsuccessful identification of additional trichothecene (pseudo-)genes in the non-producer, a functional trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase gene could be identified in fusaria other than Gibberella: Fusarium decemcellulare and Fusarium solani; and in an ascomycete from a different fungal genus, Magnaporthe grisea. Together with the recent functional identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ScAYT1, these results are suggestive of a different evolutionary origin for the trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase gene from other biosynthesis pathway genes. The phylogeny of the 3-O-acetyltransferase was mostly concordant with the rDNA species phylogeny of these ascomycetous fungi.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Regulation Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.|Faculty of Life Science, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.|Laboratory for Remediation Research, Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, and Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tokai
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Science, Toyo University, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Regulation Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.affiliation: Genetic Diversity Department, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.affiliation: Genetic Dynamics Research Unit Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.|Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Adaptation and Resistance, Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.|Laboratory for Remediation Research, Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, and Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Isamu
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.affiliation: Genetic Dynamics Research Unit Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.|Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.|Laboratory for Remediation Research, Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, and Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005670:Fusarium / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D005874:Gibberella / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D014255:Trichothecenes; D000123:Acetyltransferases; C110205:trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase