title: Comparison of two management strategies for Helicobacter pylori treatment: clinical study and cost-effectiveness analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  First-line proton pump inhibitor-based triple and quadruple therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication present similar levels of efficacy. Cross-over treatment (quadruple following triple failure, and triple following quadruple failure) seems the most sensible approach to treatment failures, but the two strategies -'quadruple first' versus 'triple first'- have not been previously compared. The aims of our study were to assess the usefulness and the cost-effectiveness of the two treatment strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-nine out of 344 patients included in a previous study comparing triple therapy - 7 days of omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin twice a day - with quadruple therapy - 7 days of omeprazole twice a day, plus tetracycline, metronidazole and bismuth subcitrate three times a day - failed initial treatment and were assigned to cross-over therapy. Cure was determined by urea breath test. A decision analysis was performed to compare the two eradication strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intention to treat cure rates were 46% (10/22 patients; 95% CI 24-68%) for second-line triple therapy and 63% (17/27 patients; 95% CI 42-81%) for second-line quadruple therapy. Per protocol cure rates were 71% and 85%, respectively. Intention to treat cure rates were 87% (95% CI 81-92%) for the 'triple first' versus 86% (95% CI 80-91%) for the 'quadruple first' strategy (p = .87). The 'quadruple first' strategy was more cost-effective. The incremental cost of 'triple first' strategy per person was 19 in the low-cost area and 65 US dollars in the high-cost area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effectiveness of 'triple first' and 'quadruple first' strategies is similar, although the latter seems slightly more cost-effective.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recerca d'Economia del Benestar, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Dritana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marko
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Calvet
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ducons
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guardiola
authors.forename: Llucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tito
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bory
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000863:Antacids / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013752:Tetracycline / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; D013752:Tetracycline; D017291:Clarithromycin; C002791:bismuth tripotassium dicitrate; D009853:Omeprazole