title: Country specific cost comparisons from multinational clinical trials using empirical Bayesian shrinkage estimation: the Canadian ASSENT-3 economic analysis.
abstract: The growing number of multinational clinical trials in which patient-level health care resource data are collected have raised the issue of which is the best approach for making inference for individual countries with respect to the between-treatment difference in mean cost. We describe and discuss the relative merits of three approaches. The first uses the random effects pooled estimate from all countries to estimate the difference for any particular country. The second approach estimates the difference using only the data from the specific country in question. Using empirical Bayes estimation a third approach estimates the country-specific difference using a variance-weighted linear sum of the estimates provided by the other two approaches. The approaches are illustrated and compared using the data from the ASSENT-3 trial.
authors.affiliation: Program in Population Health Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada. andy@andywillan.com
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Willan
authors.forename: Eleanor M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Bernie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Padma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goeree
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lynd
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006493:Heparin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007391:International Cooperation; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D006493:Heparin; D000077284:Abciximab