title: A transmembrane intracellular estrogen receptor mediates rapid cell signaling.
abstract: The steroid hormone estrogen regulates many functionally unrelated processes in numerous tissues. Although it is traditionally thought to control transcriptional activation through the classical nuclear estrogen receptors, it also initiates many rapid nongenomic signaling events. We found that of all G protein-coupled receptors characterized to date, GPR30 is uniquely localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it specifically binds estrogen and fluorescent estrogen derivatives. Activating GPR30 by estrogen resulted in intracellular calcium mobilization and synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in the nucleus. Thus, GPR30 represents an intracellular transmembrane estrogen receptor that may contribute to normal estrogen physiology as well as pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
authors.forename: Chetana M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Revankar
authors.forename: Daniel F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Cimino
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Sklar
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Arterburn
authors.forename: Eric R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Prossnitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009685:Nuclear Envelope / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016375:Antisense Elements (Genetics); D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004967:Estrogens; C109584:GPER1 protein, human; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C060974:phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; D004958:Estradiol; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D002118:Calcium