title: Hyperhomocysteinaemia in chronic liver diseases: role of disease stage, vitamin status and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genetics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The liver plays a key role in sulphur aminoacid metabolism hence, homocysteine metabolism may be impaired in chronic liver diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate, in patients affected by chronic liver diseases, (1) the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinaemia and (2) the role of its determinants such as the stage and the aetiology of disease, vitamin status, genetic documented alterations (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency) and presence/absence of documented malignant evolution (hepatocellular carcinoma).
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty patients with chronic liver disease (34 with chronic active hepatitis, 12 with fatty liver and 88 with liver cirrhosis) and 50 healthy age-matched control subjects were included into the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperhomocysteinaemia was defined as homocysteine plasma levels greater than 12.6 micromol/l. Hyperhomocysteinaemia prevalence in liver cirrhosis group was 40.9%, significantly higher (all P<0.01) with respect to controls (12%), chronic active hepatitis (14.7%) and fatty liver (25%) groups and increased with Child-Pugh stage [Child A: 22.2%, Child B (50%); Child C (58.3%)]. In chronic-active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, the prevalence of subjects with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677-->T mutation (both as CT and as TT) and hyperhomocysteinaemia results in significantly higher levels with respect to controls. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677-->T mutation and disease stage showed to be the most important predictive factors of hyperhomocysteinaemia in liver cirrhosis whereas the influence of homocysteine-related vitamin status seems to have a secondary role.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion hyperhomocysteinaemia is highly prevalent in liver cirrhosis but not in other chronic liver diseases; it may contribute to fibrogenesis and vascular complication of liver cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Dipt. di Medicine e Specialità Mediche, Cattedra di Medicina Interna II, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Italy. paoloven@unimore.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abbati
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marchini
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grandone
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vergura
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tremosini
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Zeneroli
mesh_terms: D001361:Avitaminosis; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006521:Hepatitis, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics*; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D017354:Point Mutation
chemical_list: D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)