title: Somatic hypermutation at A.T pairs: polymerase error versus dUTP incorporation.
abstract: Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes occurs at both C.G pairs and A.T pairs. Mutations at C.G pairs are created by activation-induced deaminase (AID)-catalysed deamination of C residues to U residues. Mutations at A.T pairs are probably produced during patch repair of the AID-generated U.G lesion, but they occur through an unknown mechanism. Here, we compare the popular suggestion of nucleotide mispairing through polymerase error with an alternative possibility, mutation through incorporation of dUTP (or another non-canonical nucleotide).
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. msn@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Neuberger
authors.forename: Javier M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Di Noia
authors.forename: Rupert C L
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Beale
authors.forename: Gareth T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Zizhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rada
mesh_terms: D000225:Adenine; D000818:Animals; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch / Q000235:genetics*; D020029:Base Pairing / Q000235:genetics; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D003856:Deoxyuracil Nucleotides / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D027041:Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin / Q000235:genetics*; D013941:Thymine
chemical_list: D003856:Deoxyuracil Nucleotides; C027078:deoxyuridine triphosphate; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D000225:Adenine; D013941:Thymine