title: Termination of pseudopregnancy in the rat alters the response to progesterone, chlordiazepoxide, and MK-801 in the elevated plus-maze.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Allopregnanolone, a neurosteroid-reduced metabolite of progesterone, is a well-documented positive modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric type A (GABA(A)) receptor. As has been reported for other positive modulators of the GABA(A) receptor, chronic exposure to neurosteroids is hypothesized to decrease GABA(A) receptor function. Drawing from the literature on chronic exposure to benzodiazepines or alcohol, putative changes in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function are also expected after chronic neurosteroid exposure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the sensitivity of the GABA(A) and NMDA receptors after chronic elevation of neurosteroid produced by termination of pseudopregnancy in behavioral tests of anxiety and sensorimotor coordination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female rats ovariectomized on day 10 of pseudopregnancy were tested in the elevated plus-maze and on the rotor rod after an acute injection of progesterone (4 mg/0.2 ml, s.c.), chlordiazepoxide (5 or 15 mg/kg, i.p.), or MK-801 (0.025, 0.05, or 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pseudopregnancy termination produced an anxiogenic-like response in the plus-maze; an acute injection of progesterone restored baseline levels of behavior in this test. Pseudopregnancy termination eliminated the anxiolytic-like, sedative, and ataxic effects of chlordiazepoxide. In contrast, pseudopregnancy termination produced an increased sensitivity to the anxiolytic-like and ataxic effects of MK-801.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The effects of pseudopregnancy termination on the behavioral response to positive modulators of the GABA(A) receptor are consistent with results from studies in which chronic exposure to neurosteroids decreases the response to acute neurosteroid and benzodiazepine administration. However, unlike the enhanced glutamatergic tone resulting from discontinuation of chronic benzodiazepine or alcohol exposure, the termination of pseudopregnancy apparently decreases NMDA receptor function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College Street, Worcester, MA 01610, USA. dbitran@holycross.edu
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bitran
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Solano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D011280:Pregnanolone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011555:Pseudopregnancy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine; D011374:Progesterone; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate; D002707:Chlordiazepoxide; D011280:Pregnanolone