title: Duplication of the occipital condyles.
abstract: This article describes an extremely rare case, encountered in the anatomy laboratory, of a skull base found to have duplication of both occipital condyles. In addition, this specimen was noted to have a large bony excrescence near the basion, a small third occipital condyle, a left paracondylar process, elongation of the right styloid process, and a bony septation of both hypoglossal canals. The embryology and clinical implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA. richard.tubbs@ccc.uab.edu
authors.forename: R Shane
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tubbs
authors.forename: E George
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: W Jerry
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oakes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002102:Cadaver; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009777:Occipital Bone / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology; D010781:Photography; D019291:Skull Base / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology