title: Persistence of retinal indocyanine green dye following vitreous surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the duration of postoperative persistence of indocyanine green (ICG) dye used during vitreous surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients (34 eyes) underwent macular surgery with removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) or epiretinal membrane using ICG dye to stain the membrane for better visualization. Infrared fundus photographs were taken postoperatively until infrared fluorescence had completely disappeared. The time for residual ICG dye to fade from the retina was studied for eyes with full-thickness macular hole, epiretinal membrane, and macular edema for comparison. served at sites where macular hole was present, sites of normal ILM that had not been removed, and the optic disc. ICG dye faded at an average of 7.3 months for patients with macular hole and 3.4 months for patients with other macular diseases (P< .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICG dye used during macular surgery can persist in the macular region for up to 7 months following surgery, and seems to remain for a longer period of time in cases with macular hole than in cases with other diseases. Caution is required regarding light exposure by postoperative fundus examinations, daylight, and other natural light.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of the Ryukyus Faculty of Medicine, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawaguchi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005453:Fluorescence; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012167:Retinal Perforations / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green