title: Antimutagenicity of propolis against some mutagens in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antimutagenicity of propolis in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 were used as a test model in vitro against a direct mutagen DMC and an indirect mutagen 2AF with or without S9 mix, and MN formation of mice bone marrow cell and CAs induction of mice testicle cell were applied as a test model in vivo against two mutagens CP and MMC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study clearly demonstrated that propolis could inhibit mutagenicity of both DMC and 2AF directly in a dose-dependent manner, and significant antimutagenic effects (P < 0.05) were obtained in TA98 strain at 2000 and 3000 microg/plate. It also could inhibit mutagenicity of both DMC and 2AF to TA98 strain in a dose-dependent manner, with significant antimutagenic effects (P < 0.05) appeared at 1000, 2000, and 3000 microg/plate. The results of antimutagenicity test in vivo revealed that propolis could inhibit MN formation significantly (P < 0.05) at the doses of 45.0 and 135.0 mg/kg b. w., and decrease the frequency of chromosome aberrants and chromosome aberrant cells significantly (P < 0.05) only at the dose of 135.0 mg/kg b. w.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The propolis is a good inhibitor for mutagencity of DMC and 2AF in vitro, as well as for CP and MMC in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China. jyfu@cdc.zj.cn
authors.forename: Jian-Yun
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Yun-Yan
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Zheng
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D011429:Propolis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D016587:Antimutagenic Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D011429:Propolis