title: Association of CagA+ Helicobacter pylori infection with aortic atheroma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To investigate possible association between infection with CagA(+) strains of Helicobacter pylori and aortic atheroma diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and eighty-eight consecutive subjects prospectively examined for presence of aortic atheroma (localized intimal thickening of >/=3mm) by transesophageal echocardiography were tested for serum IgG antibodies against H. pylori (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and CagA protein (Western blot assay). The association between infection with H. pylori, CagA status of the infecting H. pylori strains, and aortic atherosclerosis was evaluated after adjusting for coronary artery disease risk factors. There was a linear trend for presence of atheroma in subjects with CagA-positive H. pylori infection (51/81, 63%) compared to subjects with CagA-negative H. pylori infection (21/45, 46.7%) and uninfected subjects (18/62, 29%) (p=0.003). H. pylori seropositivity was not associated with aortic atheroma (OR 2.9; 95% CI, 0.8-10.3; p=0.11) when CagA status is not taken into account. On multivariate analysis, parameters associated with risk of aortic atheroma were CagA-positive H. pylori seropositivity (OR 4.4; 95% CI, 1.4-14.7; p=0.01), older age (OR 1.2; 95% CI, 0.9-14.7; p=0.01), having ever smoked cigarettes (OR 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3-10.0; p<0.001), and elevated serum triglyceride level (OR 3.4; 95% CI, 1.3-9.4; p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After controlling for H. pylori infection and coronary artery disease risk factors, infection with a CagA-positive strain of H. pylori was independently associated with aortic atherosclerosis. This study suggests a gradient of atherosclerosis between uninfected individuals and patients with CagA-positive H. pylori infection and should prompt research into the role of CagA-positive H. pylori infection in the inflammatory atherosclerotic process.
authors.affiliation: Helicobacter pylori Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus Petach Tikvah and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
authors.forename: Haim
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shmuely
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Passaro
authors.forename: Mordehai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vaturi
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sagie
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pitlik
authors.forename: Zmira
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Samra
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Niv
authors.forename: Rivka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koren
authors.forename: Daniella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harell
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yahav
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori