Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy.
Pregnant women who acquire infection from Toxoplasma gondii usually remain asymptomatic, although they can still transmit the infection to their fetuses with severe consequences. Given the asymptomatic nature of most Toxoplasma infections, primary prevention in pregnant women may lower the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Both consumption of undercooked meat and unprotected contact with soil are independent risk factors for T. gondii seroconversion during pregnancy, while contact with cat litter may pose a risk in certain situations. However, many pregnant women lack knowledge of these risk factors. This article reviews toxoplasmosis infection in pregnancy, with an emphasis on risk factors and appropriate counseling of pregnant women.
Kravetz
Jeffrey D
JD
Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. jeffkravetz@hotmail.com
Federman
Daniel G
DG
D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D015597:Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D012307:Risk Factors; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000502:physiology; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D014125:Toxoplasmosis, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control