title: Overexpression of glutathione s-transferase alpha in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: To determine its diagnostic value, we evaluated glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-alpha) expression in a large number of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs). GST-alpha messenger RNA (mRNA) levels from 70 renal neoplasms were analyzed with complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray chips containing 21,632 cDNA clones. Furthermore, 348 primary renal tumors and 24 metastatic RCCs were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis with a GST-alpha-specific antibody. GST-alpha mRNA was elevated significantly (11.4-fold) in a majority of clear cell RCCs (28/43 [65.1%]; 28/39 [71.8%] with adjustments for informative spots) compared with other kidney tumors (1/27 [3.7%]). Strong and diffuse GST-alpha immunoreactivity was demonstrated in a majority of clear cell (166/202 [82.2%]; mean intensity, 2.41) and metastatic clear cell RCCs (17/24 [70.8%]; mean intensity, 2.62). Other renal tumor types did not exhibit significant GST-alpha immunoreactivity, confirming mRNA results. Through cDNA microarrays and immunohistochemical analysis, we demonstrated GST-alpha as a biomarker for clear cell RCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Shang-Tian
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Peiguo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugimura
authors.forename: Maria S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tretiakova
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papavero
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Min-Han
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Minhan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Bin T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: Ximing J
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000556:secondary; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D007527:Isoenzymes; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C119995:glutathione S-transferase alpha