Early-onset increased calcium and decreased magnesium concentrations and an increased calcium/magnesium ratio in SHR versus WKY.
Alterations in the metabolism of calcium and magnesium have been implicated in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension. Calcium influx across the external cellular membrane in smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes plays a crucial role in the control of cellular excitation contraction and impulse propagation. Intracellular calcium and magnesium concentrations are controlled by reversible binding to specific calcium binding proteins. The calcium and magnesium flux across the external membrane is regulated by a calcium pump (calcium-magnesium-ATPase), calcium channels and binding to the membrane. In cell membranes and in lymphocytes of essential hypertensives, our group showed increased calcium and decreased magnesium and an increased calcium/magnesium ratio in hypertensive cells. In this context, in aortic smooth muscle cells from 13 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Münster strain (systolic blood pressure 188.4+/-9.8 mmHg) and 13 normotensive rats (NT, systolic blood pressure 118.5+/-7.2 mmHg) aged 9 months, the intracellular calcium and magnesium contents were measured under nearly in vivo conditions by electron-probe microanalysis. Measurements were performed in aortic cryosections 3 microm thick. The calcium content was 124.7+/-4.5* mmol/kg dry weight in SHR versus 110.3+/-4.1 mmol/kg dry weight in NT (Means+/-SD, p < 0.01), the magnesium content was 35.5+/-3.9* in SHR versus 50.1+/-4.9 mmol/kg dry weight in NT /p < 0.01). The calcium/magnesium ratio was significantly increased in SHR versus NT (3.56+/-0.39* versus 2.23+/-0.27, p < 0.01). In hypertensive one month old animals the increase in the calcium/magnesium ratio was not as pronounced as in 9 month old animals. The calcium/magnesium ratio was measured 3.3+/-0.42 in SHR (n = 8) as compared to 2.51+/-0.39 in normotensive animals (n = 8, p < 0.01). Aortic smooth muscle cells from SHR are characterized by markedly elevated intracellular calcium and decreased intracellular magnesium contents compared with normotensive cells. The increased calcium/magnesium ratio in hypertensive cells may be a pathogenetic factor for the development of arteriosclerosis and hypertension.
Kisters
K
K
Med Clinic I, St Anna-Hospital, 44649 Herne, Hospital-Str 19, Germany. kisters@annahospital.de
Wessels
F
F
Tokmak
F
F
Krefting
E R
ER
Gremmler
B
B
Kosch
M
M
Hausberg
M
M
D000375:Aging / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D016616:Cryoultramicrotomy; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D005260:Female; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY
D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium