title: Descriptive patterns of severe chronic pulmonary hypertension by chest radiography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To find chest roentgenographic (CXR) features to help differentiate two representative diseases with severe chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six consecutive patients with chronic thromboembolic PH (CTEPH), 38 with primary PH (PPH), and 37 with left heart disease and PH.
  
  
  METHODS
  CXRs were reviewed about 6 features (left 2nd arc protrusion, right descending pulmonary artery diameter (rPAD), cardiothoracic ratio (CTR), right 2nd arc width, avascular area and pleural abnormality). Hemodynamic data and the degree of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) on echocardiography were compared with CXR findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diagnostic pattern of CTEPH was the presence of one of two findings, an avascular area or marked rPAD (>20mm) together with pleuritic change. The diagnostic pattern of PPH was one of the two features; without pleuritic abnormality, marked left 2nd arc protrusion (>10mm) or moderate left 2nd arc protrusion (5-10mm) with marked rPAD (<20mm). The sensitivity for the diagnosis of CTEPH among the three diseases was 78% and specificity was 92%. The sensitivity for the diagnosis of PPH was 45% and specificity was 88%. CTR and right 2nd arc width were related to the degree of TR in CTEPH and PPH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Characteristic roentgenographic findings can help differentiate two frequent diseases associated with chronic pulmonary hypertension and reflect the severity of disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Pulmonary Circulation, National Cardiovascular Center, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan. tsatoh@cpnet.med.keio.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyotani
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Norifumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Takeyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kunieda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies