title: Establishment of a genetically marked insect-derived symbiont in multiple host plants.
abstract: Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans, originally isolated from the cibarial region of the foregut of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca coagulata), was transformed using the Himar1 transposition system to express EGFP. Seedlings of six potential host plants were inoculated with transformed bacteria and 2 weeks later samples were taken 5 cm away and analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR using primers designed to amplify the gene insert. The largest colony of 3,591,427 cells/2 cm of A. xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans was found in Citrus limon, with almost all plants testing positive in both trials. The amount of colonization decreased in the other plants tested in the following order: orange (Citrus sinensis "sweet orange") > chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum grandiflora cv. "White Diamond") > periwinkle (Vinca rosea) > crepe myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica) > grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Chardonnay). The bacterium's preference for citrus paralleled the host insect's preference for this same plant. Additional tests determined that A. xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans thrives as a nonpathogenic, xylem-associated endophyte.
authors.affiliation: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USA. blake.bextine@ucr.edu
authors.forename: Blake
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bextine
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lampe
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lauzon
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000421:Alcaligenes / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000382:microbiology*; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000382:microbiology; D010944:Plants / Q000382:microbiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013559:Symbiosis
references.citation: Curr Microbiol. 1995 Dec;31(6):377-81
references.pmid: 8528010
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1977 Feb;33(2):392-9
references.pmid: 848958
references.citation: Phytopathology. 1999 Jan;89(1):53-8
references.pmid: 18944803
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Oct;68(10):4906-14
references.pmid: 12324338
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Sep 28;96(20):11428-33
references.pmid: 10500193
references.citation: Res Microbiol. 2003 Mar;154(2):105-14
references.pmid: 12648725
references.citation: Arch Microbiol. 2001 Apr;175(4):259-62
references.pmid: 11382221
references.citation: Arthropod Struct Dev. 2003 Oct;32(2-3):189-99
references.pmid: 18089004
references.citation: J Med Entomol. 2000 Nov;37(6):924-8
references.pmid: 11126551
references.citation: Nature. 1973 Aug 31;244(5418):577-80
references.pmid: 4582514
references.citation: Science. 2000 Aug 25;289(5483):1352-5
references.pmid: 10958782
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1988 Jun;170(6):2575-83
references.pmid: 2836362
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2000 Nov;68(11):6391-7
references.pmid: 11035750
references.citation: Curr Microbiol. 2004 May;48(5):327-31
references.pmid: 15060727
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1978 Jun;134(3):1141-56
references.pmid: 149110
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2000 Oct;182(19):5391-8
references.pmid: 10986241
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 30;100(20):11672-7
references.pmid: 12972635
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Feb 16;96(4):1645-50
references.pmid: 9990078
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jun 6;97(12):6640-5
references.pmid: 10829079
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Apr 1;94(7):3274-8
references.pmid: 9096383