title: Chronic hepatitis associated with canine leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum): a clinicopathological study of 26 cases.
abstract: Hepatic tissue samples were obtained from 26 dogs humanely destroyed because of naturally occurring leishmaniosis (Leishmania infantum). None of the animals had palpable hepatomegaly or any other physical finding or historical evidence indicative of liver failure. However, serum biochemistry revealed hypoalbuminaemia (6/26), increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (15/26), and increased concentrations of total bilirubin (2/26) and post-prandial bile acids (4/26). Three main histological patterns were identified. In pattern 1 (3/26), the liver microarchitecture remained unchanged apart from the presence of individual or clustered macrophages in the sinusoids. In pattern 2 (20/26), there was multifocal, mild to moderate, granulomatous to pyogranulomatous infiltration of the hepatic parenchyma, particularly in the portal areas. Pattern 3 (3/26), which was the most severe form, was characterized by marked portal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with occasional broaching of the limiting plate and extension into the adjacent parenchyma. In this pattern there was also mild portal fibrosis, together with lymphoplasmacytic aggregates within the parenchyma and small clusters of lymphocytes and plasma cells within the sinusoids. All three patterns were associated with hepatocyte vacuolation (15/26 dogs), and haemosiderin accumulation within the hepatocyte cytoplasm. Congestion was present in the liver of five dogs. No correlation was found between histopathological pattern and breed, sex, age, clinical manifestations, serum biochemical profile or parasite load in the hepatic tissue; patterns 1-3 may, however, represent sequential stages of hepatic leishmania infection during the chronic course of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stavrou Voutyra 11, GR-54627, Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rallis
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Saridomichelakis
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Adamama-Moraitou
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Papazoglou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fytianou
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Koutinas
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006485:Hemosiderin / Q000032:analysis; D006520:Hepatitis, Animal / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000473:pathology; D034141:Hypoalbuminemia / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D018314:Leishmania infantum / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008099:Liver / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D006485:Hemosiderin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001663:Bilirubin