title: Serum amyloid A: production by human white adipocyte and regulation by obesity and nutrition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The acute-phase proteins, serum amyloid As (SAA), are precursors of amyloid A, involved in the pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis. This work started with the characterisation of systemic AA amyloidosis concurrent with SAA overexpression in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) of an obese patient with a leptin receptor deficiency. In the present study a series of histopathological, cellular and gene expression studies was performed to assess the importance of SAA in common obesity and its possible production by mature adipocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gene expression profiling was performed in the sWAT of two extremely obese patients with a leptin receptor deficiency. Levels of the mRNAs of the different SAA isoforms were quantified in sWAT cellular fractions from lean subjects and from obese subjects before and after a very-low-calorie diet. These values were subsequently compared with serum levels of SAA in these individuals. In addition, histopathological analyses of sWAT were performed in lean and obese subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In sWAT, the expression of SAA is more than 20-fold higher in mature adipocytes than in the cells of the stroma vascular fraction (p<0.01). Levels of SAA mRNA expression and circulating levels of the protein are sixfold (p<0.001) and 3.5-fold (p<0.01) higher in obese subjects than in lean subjects, respectively. In lean subjects, 5% of adipocytes are immunoreactive for SAA, whereas the corresponding value is greater than 20% in obese subjects. Caloric restriction results in decreases of 45-75% in levels of the transcripts for the SAA isoforms and in circulating levels of the protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study indicate that SAA is expressed by sWAT, and its production at this site is regulated by nutritional status. If amyloidosis is seen in the context of obesity, it is possible that production of SAA by adipocytes could be a contributory factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, French Institute of Health and Medical Research Avenir, EA 3502, Paris VI University, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poitou
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viguerie
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cancello
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Matteis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cinti
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stich
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coussieu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Courtine
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Zucker
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Barsh
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Saris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bruneval
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Basdevant
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Langin
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Clément
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009765:Obesity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017697:Premenopause; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D012016:Reference Values; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D012867:Skin
chemical_list: D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D054411:Receptors, Leptin; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein
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