Rewarming of healthy volunteers after induced mild hypothermia: a healthy volunteer study.
OBJECTIVE
The study compares the efficacy of two active and one passive warming interventions in healthy volunteers with induced mild hypothermia.


METHODS
Eight volunteers were studied in a random order crossover design. Each volunteer was studied during re-warming from a core temperature of 35 degrees C with each of: a radiant warmer (Fisher & Paykel); a forced air warmer (Augustine Medical), and a polyester filled blanket, to re-warm.


RESULTS
No significant differences in re-warming rates were observed between the three warming devices. It was found that the subject's endogenous heat production was the major contributor to the re-warming of these volunteers. Metabolic rates of over 350 W were seen during the study.


CONCLUSIONS
For patients with mild hypothermia and in whom shivering is not contraindicated our data would indicate that the rate of re-warming would be little different whether a blanket or one of the two active devices were used. In the field, this may provide the caregiver a useful choice.
Williams
A B
AB
Middlemore Hospital, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Private Bag 93311, Otahuhu, Auckland, New Zealand. twilliams@middlemore.co.nz
Salmon
A
A
Graham
P
P
Galler
D
D
Payton
M J
MJ
Bradley
M
M
D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D017694:Rewarming / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
Anesth Analg. 2001 Jan;92(1):261-6
11133641
AACN Clin Issues. 1999 Feb;10(1):85-94
10347389
Resuscitation. 1984 Feb;11(1-2):21-33
6322264
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1986 Feb;60(2):385-90
3949643
Anesth Analg. 1989 Aug;69(2):192-6
2764288
J Trauma. 1991 Jun;31(6):795-8; discussion 798-800
2056542
Anesthesiology. 1992 Jan;76(1):60-4
1729937
J Clin Anesth. 1994 Jul-Aug;6(4):303-7
7946366
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1994 Sep;65(9):803-8
7818448
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 1997 Oct;11(6):708-11
9327310
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997 Nov;83(5):1630-4
9375331
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997 Nov;83(5):1635-40
9375332
S Afr J Surg. 1997 Aug;35(3):134-8
9429331
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1998 Jan;69(1):17-22
9451529
Scott Med J. 2002 Feb;47(1):10-1
11980290