title: Incidence and short-term prognosis of transient ischemic attack in a population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) have been shown to be a strong predictor of subsequent stroke and death. We present the incidence and short-term prognosis of TIA within a large population with a significant proportion of minorities with out-of-hospital TIA.
  
  
  METHODS
  TIA cases were identified between July 1, 1993 and June 30, 1994 from the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky population of 1.3 million inhabitants by previously published surveillance methods, including inpatient and out-of-hospital events. Incidence rates were adjusted to the 1990 population, and life-table analyses were used for prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall race, age, and gender-adjusted incidence rate for TIA within our population was 83 per 100,000, with age, race, and gender adjusted to the 1990 US population. Blacks and men had significantly higher rates of TIA than whites and women. Risk of stroke after TIA was 14.6% at 3 months, and risk of TIA/stroke/death was 25.2%. Age, race, and sex were not associated with recurrent TIA or subsequent stroke in our population, but age was associated with mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using our incidence rates for TIA in blacks and whites, we conservatively estimate that approximately 240 000 TIAs occurred in 2002 in the United States. Our incidence rate of TIA is slightly higher than previously reported, which may be related to the inclusion of blacks and out-of-hospital events. There are racial and gender-related differences in the incidence of TIA. We found a striking risk of adverse events after TIA; however, there were no racial or gender differences predicting these events. Further study is warranted in interventions to prevent these adverse events after TIA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. dawn.kleindorfer@uc.edu
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kleindorfer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Panagos
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pancioli
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kissela
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alwell
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jauch
authors.forename: Rosie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moomaw
authors.forename: Rakesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Broderick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D044465:White People