title: Insulin receptor substrate-1 is required for bone anabolic function of parathyroid hormone in mice.
abstract: Bone anabolic action of PTH has been suggested to be mediated by induction of IGF-I in osteoblasts; however, little is known about the molecular mechanism by which IGF-I leads to bone formation under the PTH stimulation. This study initially confirmed in mouse osteoblast cultures that PTH treatment increased IGF-I mRNA and protein levels and alkaline phosphatase activity, which were accompanied by phosphorylations of IGF-I receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2, essential adaptor molecules for the IGF-I signaling. To learn the involvement of IRS-1 and IRS-2 in the bone anabolic action of PTH in vivo, IRS-1-/- and IRS-2-/- mice and their respective wild-type littermates were given daily injections of PTH (80 mug/kg) or vehicle for 4 wk. In the wild-type mice, the PTH injection increased bone mineral densities of the femur, tibia, and vertebrae by 10-20% without altering the serum IGF-I level. These stimulations were similarly seen in IRS-2-/- mice; however, they were markedly suppressed in IRS-1-/- mice. Although the PTH anabolic effects were stronger on trabecular bones than on cortical bones, the stimulations on both bones were blocked in IRS-1-/- mice but not in IRS-2-/- mice. Histomorphometric and biochemical analyses showed an increased bone turnover by PTH, which was also blunted by the IRS-1 deficiency, though not by the IRS-2 deficiency. These results indicate that the PTH bone anabolic action is mediated by the activation of IRS-1, but not IRS-2, as a downstream signaling of IGF-I that acts locally as an autocrine/paracrine factor.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sensory and Motor System Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Naoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ogata
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinoda
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akune
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kamekura
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Terauchi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kadowaki
authors.forename: Kazuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: Ung-Il
authors.initials: UI
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kozo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; C526298:Irs2 protein, mouse; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010750:Phosphoproteins