title: Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers.
abstract: Acetonitrile extracts of ulcerated and control rat stomachs were studied by various NMR techniques in an attempt to understand how indomethacin, a common and powerful nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), induces ulcers in the stomach. One- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra of extracts of ulcerated and control stomachs revealed that glycolytic and Krebs cycle enzymes were partially inhibited in the ulcerated stomach as shown by the lactate/glucose ratio. The (total choline)/lactate ratio was also higher in the extract from the control stomach than in the ulcerated stomach. Glycerophosphoethanolamine and glycerophosphocholine concentrations were higher in the ulcerated stomach extract as compared with the control stomach extract. These results explain the gastrointestinal protective effect of D-glucose and Krebs cycle intermediates on NSAID-induced ulceration.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Heavy Metals Research, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
authors.forename: Saadallah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramadan
authors.forename: Antonio M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bonin
authors.forename: Brendan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Trevor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Hambley
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002794:Choline / Q000032:analysis; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005997:Glycerylphosphorylcholine / Q000032:analysis; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000633:toxicity*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D011522:Protons; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013270:Stomach / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010759:Phosphorus Isotopes; D011522:Protons; D019344:Lactic Acid; D005997:Glycerylphosphorylcholine; D005947:Glucose; D002794:Choline; D007213:Indomethacin