title: Metabolites inhibiting germination of Orobanche ramosa seeds produced by Myrothecium verrucaria and Fusarium compactum.
abstract: Myrothecium verrucaria and Fusarium compactum were isolated from diseased Orobanche ramosa plants collected in southern Italy to find potential biocontrol agents of this parasitic weed. Both fungi grown in liquid culture produced metabolites that inhibited the germination of O. ramosa seeds at 1-10 muM. Eight metabolites were isolated from M. verrucaria culture extracts. The main metabolite was identified as verrucarin E, a disubstituted pyrrole not belonging to the trichothecene group. Seven compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods as macrocyclic trichothecenes, namely, verrucarins A, B, M, and L acetate, roridin A, isotrichoverrin B, and trichoverrol B. The main metabolite produced by F. compactum was neosoloaniol monoacetate, a trichothecene. All the trichothecenes proved to be potent inhibitors of O. ramosa seed germination and possess strong zootoxic activity when assayed on Artemia salina brine shrimps. Verrucarin E is inactive on both seed germination and zootoxic assay.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo della Pianta e dell'Ambiente, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andolfi
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boari
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evidente
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vurro
mesh_terms: D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D006999:Hypocreales / Q000378:metabolism*; D031672:Orobanche / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000382:microbiology; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D011758:Pyrroles; D014255:Trichothecenes; C012095:verrucarin E