title: A randomised controlled trial in the north of England examining the effects of skin-to-skin care on breast feeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to examine the effect of early skin-to-skin contact between mothers and their healthy full-term babies on initiation and duration of breast feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  a randomised controlled trial comparing skin-to-skin with routine care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Warrington Hospital, Cheshire, UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  204 mother and baby pairs; 102 randomised to each group.
  
  
  METHODS
  success of first breast feed, maternal satisfaction with skin-to-skin care and preference for future post-delivery care, baby-body temperature 1 hr after birth, partial or exclusive breast feeding at 4 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  in the skin-to-skin group, 89 out of 98 (91%) babies had a successful first feed compared with 82 out of 89 (83%) in the routine care group. The difference in the success rate was 8%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-1.6%, 17.6%); chi(2)=2.7; df=1; P=0.10. Forty-two out of 97 (43%) babies given skin-to-skin were partially or exclusively breast feeding at 4 months compared with 40 out of 100 (40%) of babies in the routine care group. The difference in breast-feeding rate at 4 months was 3.3%, 95% CI (-10.3%, 16.7% ); chi(2)=0.22; df=1; P=0.64. The mean temperature 1 hr after birth was higher with skin-to-skin than routine care. The difference in means was 0.15 degrees C; 95% CI (0.03, 0.28); P=0.02. A larger proportion of mothers (87/97 [90%]) were very satisfied with skin-to-skin care, compared with 60 out of 102 (59%) in the control group; 83 out of 97 (86%) of the mothers in the intervention group said that they would prefer to receive the same care in the future compared with 31 out of 102 (30%) mothers in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  the difference between the groups in the success rate for the first breast feed and rates at 4 months was not statistically significant. However, mothers who had skin-to-skin contact enjoyed the experience, and most reported that they would choose to have skin-to skin care in the future. In this, the largest trial to date, previous concerns about baby-body temperature after skin-to-skin care were dispelled.
authors.affiliation: Women's Health Directorate, North Cheshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Warrington, UK. suecarfoot@blueyonder.co.uk
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carfoot
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Williamson
authors.forename: Rumona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dickson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care / Q000379:methods*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009769:Object Attachment; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D014110:Touch