title: Gender differences in leg stiffness and stiffness recruitment strategy during two-legged hopping.
abstract: The authors compared leg stiffness (K(VERT)), muscle activation, and joint movement patterns between 11 men and 10 women during hopping. Physically active and healthy men and women performed continuous 2-legged hopping at their preferred rate and at 3.0 Hz. Compared with men, women demonstrated decreased K(VERT); however, after the authors normalized for body mass, gender differences in K(VERT) were eliminated. In comparison with men, women also demonstrated increased quadriceps and soleus activity, as well as greater quadriceps-to-hamstrings coactivation ratios. There were no significant gender differences for joint movement patterns (p>.05). The relationship between the observed gender differences in muscle recruitment and the increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in women requires further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Exercise and Sport Science, 216 Fetzer CB#8700, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8700, USA. dpadua@email.unc.edu
authors.forename: Darin A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Padua
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Carcia
authors.forename: Brent L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Kevin P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Granata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000502:physiology; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012737:Sex Factors
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