title: Functional adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and idiopathic orthostatic intolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Idiopathic orthostatic intolerance (IOI) is a common disorder that is characterized by chronic orthostatic symptoms and substantial increases in heart rate and plasma norepinephrine concentrations that are disproportionately high while standing. Several features of the syndrome, including the tachycardia, tremulousness, and exaggerated norepinephrine have been considered potentially due to hypoactive or hyperactive states of adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system. The aim of this study was therefore to ascertain whether genotypes at eight polymorphic loci within five relevant adrenergic receptor genes (alpha2A, alpha2B, alpha2C, beta1 and beta2) influence the risk for IOI.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 80 young men in military service (20 patients with IOI and 60 age-matched controls). All participants underwent a tilt table test including monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines, in the supine position and during 30 min of standing. Genotyping at the eight loci (alpha2ALys251, alpha2BDel301-303, alpha2CDel322-325, beta1Gly49, beta1Arg389, beta2Arg16, beta2Glu27, beta2Ile164) was performed in all participants. Chi-square tests of independence were used to test for associations between IOI and genotype. In addition, an association of the polymorphisms with haemodynamic variables (heart rate, supine and upright blood pressure) was ascertained using one-way variance analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the beta1Gly49 polymorphism we found a decrease in the risk of IOI among persons who were homozygous (odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.97). In addition, we found an association between beta1Gly49 and decreased heart rate in the upright position, regardless of IOI diagnosis. There were no associations with the other studied polymorphisms and IOI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our current results suggest that the beta1Gly49 polymorphism is protective for IOI. This is likely one of several common genetic loci that may represent modifiers of IOI phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Occupational Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. robert.winker@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barth
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Osterode
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pilger
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Rüdiger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001317:Austria; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007024:Hypotension, Orthostatic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment
chemical_list: D011941:Receptors, Adrenergic; D009638:Norepinephrine
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