title: Inflammation in patients with lupus anticoagulant and implications for thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The underlying mechanism of the prothrombotic state associated with the lupus anticoagulant (LAC) has not been fully elucidated. Evidence suggests involvement of inflammation in arterial and venous thrombosis, and it may be hypothesized that subclinical inflammation aggravates the tendency to thrombosis in patients with LAC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, and factor VIII (VIII) were measured in 38 patients with LAC and a history of thrombosis, 27 with LAC and no history of thrombosis, and 33 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hs-CRP, fibrinogen, and factor VIII levels were significantly higher in patients with LAC with thrombosis (hs-CRP median = 0.3 mg/dl, interquartile range, IQR, 0.11-0.62, p < 0.001 vs controls; fibrinogen mean = 395 +/- 90 SD mg/dl, p < 0.001; factor VIII mean = 181 +/- 50%, p = 0.005) as well as in those without thrombosis (median = 0.21, IQR 0.10-0.12, p < 0.001; mean = 378 +/- 91, p = 0.003; mean = 179 +/- 39, p = 0.015) compared to controls (median = 0.07, IQR 0.03-0.12; mean = 308 +/- 48; mean = 137 +/- 39). After adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking status, and blood group (only for factor VIII) the differences between LAC groups and controls remained significant, except for the comparison of fibrinogen between patients without thrombosis and controls. The association between LAC and markers of inflammation was confirmed using linear regression analysis. Markers of systemic inflammation did not differentiate between LAC patients with and without thrombosis (p = 0.829 for hs-CRP, p = 0.649 for fibrinogen, p = 0.996 for factor VIII).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that LAC is associated with an inflammatory state. However, there was no evidence for an association between inflammatory markers and thromboembolism in patients with LAC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Haematology and Blood Coagulation, University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sailer
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vormittag
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pabinger
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vukovich
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehr
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quehenberger
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panzer
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lechner
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zoghlami-Rintelen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D005169:Factor VIII; D005340:Fibrinogen; D002097:C-Reactive Protein