title: Assessment of nerve degeneration by gadofluorine M-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: Nerve injury represents a major cause of disability. In the peripheral nervous system, nerves have the capacity to regrow but within weeks after injury, it is impossible to clarify whether proper regeneration is under way or is failing. In this experimental study, we report on a novel tool to assess nerve outgrowth in vivo. After systemic application, the novel gadolinium-based magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agent Gadofluorine M (Gf) selectively accumulated and persisted in nerve fibers undergoing Wallerian degeneration causing bright contrast on T1-weighted MR images. Gf enhancement on MR imaging was present already at 48 hours within the entire nerve segments undergoing Wallerian degeneration, and subsequently disappeared from proximal to distal parts in parallel to regrowth of nerve fibers. Most importantly, Gf enhancement persisted in nonregenerating, permanently transected nerves. Our novel Gf-based MR imaging methodology holds promise for clinical use to bridge the diagnostic gap between nerve injury and completed nerve regeneration, and to determine the necessity for neurolysis and engraftment if spontaneous regeneration is not successful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany. bendszus@neuroradiologie.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bendszus
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wessig
authors.forename: Ansgar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schütz
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horn
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kleinschnitz
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Misselwitz
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stoll
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002232:Carbocyanines; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D053331:Ectodysplasins; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009409:Nerve Crush / Q000379:methods; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020426:Sciatic Neuropathy / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D014855:Wallerian Degeneration / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D002232:Carbocyanines; D053331:Ectodysplasins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; C477144:gadofluorine; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; C072024:carbocyanine dye DiIC12(3)