Elevated polymorphism and divergence in the class C scavenger receptors of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans.
Scavenger receptor proteins are involved in the cellular internalization of a broad variety of foreign material, including pathogenic bacteria during phagocytosis. I find here that nonsynonymous divergence in three class C scavenger receptors (Sr-C's) between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans and between each of these species and D. yakuba is approximately four times the typical genome average. These genes also exhibit unusually high levels of segregating nonsynonymous polymorphism in D. melanogaster and D. simulans populations. A fourth Sr-C is comparatively conserved. McDonald-Kreitman tests reveal a significant excess of replacement fixations between D. melanogaster and D. simulans in the Sr-C's, but tests of polymorphic site frequency spectra do not support models of directional selection. It is possible that the molecular functions of SR-C proteins are sufficiently robust to allow exceptionally high amino acid substitution rates without compromising organismal fitness. Alternatively, SR-Cs may evolve under diversifying selection, perhaps as a result of pressure from pathogens. Interestingly, Sr-CIII and Sr-CIV are polymorphic for premature stop codons. Sr-CIV is also polymorphic for an in-frame 101-codon deletion and for the absence of one intron.
Lazzaro
Brian P
BP
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA. BL89@cornell.edu
D000818:Animals; D003062:Codon; D018388:Codon, Terminator; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017353:Gene Deletion; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome; D007438:Introns; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D051124:Scavenger Receptors, Class C; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
D003062:Codon; D018388:Codon, Terminator; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051116:Receptors, Scavenger; D051124:Scavenger Receptors, Class C
Curr Opin Immunol. 2002 Feb;14(1):123-8
11790542
Genetics. 1989 Nov;123(3):585-95
2513255
Genetics. 2005 Apr;169(4):2013-22
15654108
Microbes Infect. 2000 Mar;2(3):305-11
10758407
Nature. 2002 Feb 28;415(6875):1024-6
11875569
Immunity. 2001 Dec;15(6):1027-38
11754822
Mol Biol Evol. 2002 Feb;19(2):201-3
11801748
Genet Res. 1987 Dec;50(3):245-50
3443297
Bioinformatics. 1999 Feb;15(2):174-5
10089204
Mol Biol Evol. 2003 May;20(5):792-9
12679536
Nature. 1991 Jun 20;351(6328):652-4
1904993
Nature. 1993 Oct 7;365(6446):548-50
8413609
Trends Ecol Evol. 2000 Dec 1;15(12):496-503
11114436
Mol Biol Evol. 2003 Jun;20(6):914-23
12716986
Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Nov;73(5):1073-81
14560401
Microb Pathog. 2002 Jun;32(6):287-95
12137756
Nature. 2002 Apr 4;416(6880):531-4
11932744
Mol Biol Evol. 1996 Jan;13(1):261-77
8583899
J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 5;268(7):4569-72
8383115
Genetics. 1998 Jun;149(2):959-70
9611206
Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1873-6
15031506
Genetics. 2003 Nov;165(3):1289-305
14668383
Genetics. 2003 Oct;165(2):895-900
14573496
Genetica. 2004 Mar;120(1-3):79-86
15088649
Genetics. 2000 Mar;154(3):1231-8
10757765
Genetics. 1999 Sep;153(1):305-17
10471714
Mol Biol Evol. 1992 Jan;9(1):138-51
1552836
Mamm Genome. 2000 Sep;11(9):779-85
10967138
J Mol Evol. 2004 Oct;59(4):498-506
15638461
J Mol Evol. 2003 Nov;57(5):598-605
14738318
Genetics. 2001 Jul;158(3):1147-55
11454763
Mol Biol Evol. 2001 Mar;18(3):279-90
11230529
Genetics. 2000 Jul;155(3):1405-13
10880498
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 1;89(21):10375-9
1438223
Bioinformatics. 2003 Dec 12;19(18):2496-7
14668244
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 May 23;97(11):5960-5
10823947
Curr Opin Lipidol. 1997 Oct;8(5):275-80
9335951
Mol Immunol. 2004 Feb;40(12):877-86
14698226
Genetics. 1998 Sep;150(1):157-71
9725836
Annu Rev Immunol. 2002;20:825-52
11861619
Genetics. 2001 Oct;159(2):659-71
11606542
Genetics. 2003 Aug;164(4):1471-80
12930753
Genetics. 2002 Sep;162(1):203-16
12242234
Genetics. 1997 Oct;147(2):713-24
9335607
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 10;101(6):1626-31
14745026
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Apr 25;92(9):4056-60
7732030
Science. 2000 Mar 24;287(5461):2185-95
10731132
Trends Genet. 1988 Apr;4(4):106-11
3149056
J Immunol. 2001 Dec 15;167(12):6920-3
11739510
Genetics. 2000 Sep;156(1):257-68
10978290
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jun 11;99(12):8121-6
12060758
Nature. 1988 Sep 8;335(6186):167-70
3412472
J Lipid Res. 2000 Oct;41(10):1568-77
11013298
Curr Opin Immunol. 2004 Feb;16(1):10-5
14734104
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(3):958-62
2492668
Bioinformatics. 2002 Feb;18(2):337-8
11847089
Annu Rev Biochem. 1994;63:601-37
7979249