Reduced E-cadherin expression contributes to the loss of p27kip1-mediated mechanism of contact inhibition in thyroid anaplastic carcinomas.
In the present study, we have characterized several human thyroid cancer cell lines of different histotypes for their responsiveness to contact inhibition. We found that cells derived from differentiated carcinoma (TPC-1, WRO) arrest in G(1) phase at confluence, whereas cells derived from anaplastic carcinoma (ARO, FRO and FB1) continue to grow after reaching confluence. Furthermore, we provide experimental evidence that the axis, E-cadherin/beta-catenin/p27(Kip1), represents an integral part of the regulatory mechanism that controls proliferation at a high cell density, whose disruption may play a key role in determining the clinical behaviour of thyroid cancer. This conclusion derives from the finding that: (i) the expression of p27(Kip1) is enhanced at high cell density only in cells responsive to contact inhibition (TPC-1, WRO), but not in contact-inhibition resistant cells (ARO, FRO or FB1 cells); (ii) the increase in p27(Kip1) also resulted in increased levels of p27(Kip1) bound to cyclin E-Cdk2 complex, a reduction in cyclin E-Cdk2 activity and dephosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein; (iii) antisense inhibition of p27(Kip1) upregulation at high cell density in confluent-sensitive cells completely prevents the confluence-induced growth arrest; (iv) proper expression and/or membrane localization of E-cadherin is observed only in cells responsive to contact inhibition (TPC-1, NPA, WRO) but not in unresponsive cells (ARO, FRO or FB1); (v) disruption of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell contacts at high cell density induced by an anti-E-cadherin neutralizing antibody, inhibits the induction of p27(kip1) and restores proliferation in contact-inhibited cells; (vi) re-expression of E-cadherin into cells unresponsive to contact inhibition (ARO, FB1) induces a p27(kip1) expression and growth arrest. In summary, our data indicate that the altered response to contact inhibition exhibited by thyroid anaplastic cancer cells is due to the failure to upregulate p27(Kip1) in response to cell-cell interactions.
Motti
Maria Letizia
ML
Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare L.Califano Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Federico II, via S. Pansini 5, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
Califano
Daniela
D
Baldassarre
Gustavo
G
Celetti
Angela
A
Merolla
Francesco
F
Forzati
Floriana
F
Napolitano
Maria
M
Tavernise
Barbara
B
Fusco
Alfredo
A
Viglietto
Giuseppe
G
D018263:Adenocarcinoma, Follicular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002450:Cell Communication; D002452:Cell Count; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003260:Contact Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D019925:Cyclin A / Q000378:metabolism; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016213:Cyclins / Q000378:metabolism; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051176:beta Catenin
C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D015820:Cadherins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019925:Cyclin A; D016213:Cyclins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases