title: Gene duplication, gene loss and evolution of expression domains in the vertebrate nuclear receptor NR5A (Ftz-F1) family.
abstract: Fushi tarazu factor 1 (Ftz-F1, NR5A) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and regulates genes that are involved in sterol and steroid metabolism in gonads, adrenals, liver and other tissues. To understand the evolutionary origins and developmental genetic relationships of the Ftz-F1 genes, we have cloned four homologous Ftz-f1 genes in zebrafish, called ff1a, ff1b, ff1c and ff1d. These four genes have different temporal and spatial expression patterns during development, indicating that they have distinct mechanisms of genetic regulation. Among them, the ff1a expression pattern is similar to mammalian Nr5a2, while the ff1b pattern is similar to that of mammalian Nr5a1. Genetic mapping experiments show that these four ff1 genes are located on chromosome segments conserved between the zebrafish and human genomes, indicating a common ancestral origin. Phylogenetic and conserved synteny analysis show that ff1a is the orthologue of NR5A2, and that ff1b and ff1d genes are co-orthologues of NR5A1 that arose by a gene-duplication event, probably a whole-genome duplication, in the ray-fin lineage, and each gene is located next to an NR6A1 co-orthologue as in humans, showing that the tandem duplication occurred before the divergence of human and zebrafish lineages. ff1c does not have a mammalian counterpart. Thus we have characterized the phylogenetic relationships, expression patterns and chromosomal locations of these Ftz-F1 genes, and have demonstrated their identities as NR5A genes in relation to the orthologous genes in other species.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ming-Wei
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Postlethwait
authors.forename: Wen-Chih
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Show-Wan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Woon-Khiong
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Bon-chu
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020440:Gene Duplication; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics*; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000235:genetics; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D026801:Synteny; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D015027:Zebrafish / Q000235:genetics; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D054339:Steroidogenic Factor 1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D029961:Zebrafish Proteins; C478921:nr5a1a protein, zebrafish; C503714:nr5a1b protein, zebrafish
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