title: Tight association of hepatocellular carcinoma with HBV infection in North China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cancer in China. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) and aflatoxins are known risk factors for HCC, but the etiological status of these factors in HCC development is not clear. This study was undertaken to define the absolute importance of HBV in hepatocarcinogenesis of North China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A consecutive series of 119 patients with pathologically proven HCC were collected from North China during January 1998 to December 2000 by the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing. Serum HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV were negative HBV sero-markers. The HBV X gene was analyzed for its expression by PCR, DNA sequencing, and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 119 HCC patients, 82.4% (98/119) were HBsAg seropositive. When a comprehensive set of HBV markers were detected, the HBV infection rate in these HCC patients was 99.2% (118/119). Of the patients, 11.8%(14/119) were found to be anti-HCV positive. But all the anti-HCV positive HCC patients were co-infected with HBV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HBV infection is virtually ubiquitous in HCC patients in North China. The tight association of HBV with HCC strongly suggests the dominant role of HBV infection in causing hepatocellular carcinoma. About 11.8% of HCC patients being HCV-related are co-infected with HBV.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
authors.forename: Ji-Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yong-Fu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Li-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Ming
authors.forename: Zhi-Yuan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Guo-Ting
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yun-Tian
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yun-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zong-Tang
authors.initials: ZT
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral