title: Epidural ropivacaine anesthesia decreases the bispectral index during the awake phase and sevoflurane general anesthesia.
abstract: The sedative effects of epidural anesthesia without volatile and IV anesthetics and quantification of the degree of epidural anesthesia-induced sedation have not been investigated. In the current study we evaluated the effects of epidural anesthesia on the bispectral index (BIS) during the awake phase and during general anesthesia. After placing the epidural catheter, the patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups receiving either 5 mL of epidural saline (group S) or the same volume of 0.75% ropivacaine (group R). The BIS measurements during the awake phase were performed at 7, 12, 13, 14, 22, and 23 min after the epidural injection. General anesthesia was then induced with propofol and vecuronium and maintained with 0.75% sevoflurane. From approximately 10 min after tracheal intubation, the BIS measurements were made at 1-min intervals for 10 min. The BIS during the awake phase was significantly lower in group R than in group S (P < 0.05). The BIS during general anesthesia was significantly lower in group R than in group S (P < 0.0001). Epidural anesthesia decreased the BIS during the awake phase and during general anesthesia. The decrease of the BIS associated with epidural anesthesia was more prominent during general anesthesia than during the awake phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kashimoto
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oguchi
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okuyama
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumazawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D000077212:Ropivacaine
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