title: Liposome-encapsulated antibiotics.
abstract: Encapsulation of certain antibiotics in liposomes can enhance their effect against microorganisms invading cultured cells and in animal models. We describe the incorporation of amikacin, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and clarithromycin in a variety of liposomes. We delineate the methods used for the evaluation of their efficacy against Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infections in macrophages and in the beige mouse model of MAC disease. We also describe the efficacy of pH-sensitive liposomes incorporating sparfloxacin or azithromycin. We summarize studies with other antibiotics, including rifampicin, rifabutin, ethambutol, isoniazid, clofazimine, and enrofloxacin, and their use against MAC, as well as other infection models, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Isam I
authors.initials: II
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Diana L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Flasher
authors.forename: Nejat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Düzgüneş
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002460:Cell Line; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex; D015270:Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes