title: Neuroendocrine carcinoma of gallbladder: report of 2 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the gallbladder is rare. Its best treatment is not known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two patients underwent surgery earlier: one for suspected cholecystitis and the other for cholelithiasis. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed residual lesions in the livers. The two patients underwent revision surgery followed by chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patients tolerated the second stage surgery well, which was followed by chemotherapy with paclitaxel, ifosphamide and cisplatin for 6 cycles. They were treated this way for 8 months and 12 months post treatment, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A proper diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma is made often after surgery. As it is a slow growing tumor and not very chemotherapeutically, sensitive surgery offers the best local control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute & Research Centre, Rohini, New Delhi 110085, India. drkpavithran@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Keechilat
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pavithran
authors.forename: Kumar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prabhash
authors.forename: Diganta
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hazarika
authors.forename: Dinesh C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Doval
mesh_terms: D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D002763:Cholecystectomy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome