How does studying schizotypal personality disorder inform us about the prodrome of schizophrenia?
An increasing emphasis in the schizophrenia literature has been on the prodromal phase of the illness. The study of schizophrenia spectrum illness, including schizotypal personality disorder, has added important insight into the etiology, neuropathology, and treatment of schizophrenia, which can facilitate early identification, intervention, and perhaps prevention of the illness. The heterogeneity of the schizophrenia spectrum makes its definition elusive at best. The primary aim of the Cognitive Assessment and Risk Evaluation Program at the authors' institution is to combine the current knowledge of clinical and demographic risk factors for schizophrenia with the rapidly emerging data on vulnerability markers, or endophenotypes, that are associated with schizophrenia. The use of brain-based vulnerability markers may help to identify neurobiologically and clinically meaningful subgroups within this heterogeneous population of individuals in the early stages of schizophrenia. Another important aim of the Cognitive Assessment and Risk Evaluation program is to thoroughly assess those individuals who have not converted to psychosis to understand potential protective factors, reduce the rate of false positives, and decrease disability. The current review details a strategy for researching the schizophrenia prodrome by using information gained from research in schizotypal personality disorder.
Seeber
Katherine
K
Department of Psychiatry, 0810, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Cadenhead
Kristin S
KS
D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D009626:Terminology as Topic
Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Apr 1;55(7):663-7
15038993
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Feb;58(2):158-64
11177117
Schizophr Res. 2002 Mar 1;54(1-2):177-86
11853992
Schizophr Res. 2001 Aug 1;51(1):17-29
11479062
Schizophr Res. 2004 Nov 1;71(1):97-101
15374577
Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Aug 15;54(4):453-64
12915290
Psychol Med. 2003 Oct;33(7):1239-47
14580078
J Abnorm Psychol. 1978 Aug;87(4):399-407
681612
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2000 Oct;2(5):398-403
11122987
Schizophr Res. 2004 Sep 1;70(1):27-31
15246460
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003 May;25(3):335-47
12916647
Schizophr Res. 2001 Aug 1;51(1):31-8
11479063
Am J Med Genet. 2002 Dec 8;114(8):929-37
12457389
Schizophr Res. 2004 Apr 1;67(2-3):131-42
14984872
Schizophr Res. 1995 Sep;17(1):77-84
8541253
Schizophr Bull. 2003;29(4):703-15
14989408
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;59(10):921-8
12365879
Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 2002 Sep;43:s30-7
12271798
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Jul;58(7):669-73
11448374
Schizophr Res. 2002 Mar 1;54(1-2):169-75
11853991
Am J Psychiatry. 2002 May;159(5):869-71
11986147
Psychiatry Res. 1995 Nov 29;59(1-2):127-36
8771227
Am J Psychiatry. 2002 May;159(5):863-5
11986145
J Am Acad Psychoanal Dyn Psychiatry. 2003 Spring;31(1):229-45
12722897
Schizophr Res. 2004 Apr 1;67(2-3):115-22
14984870
Psychol Rep. 2004 Apr;94(2):387-97
15154161
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2001 May;103(5):323-34
11380302
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;58(10):959-64
11576035
Neurotox Res. 2004;6(1):43-50
15184104
J Clin Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;64(6):628-34
12823075
Schizophr Res. 2004 May 1;68(1):37-48
15037338
Methods. 2002 Jul;27(3):287-99
12183117
Schizophr Res. 2004 Dec 1;71(2-3):227-37
15474894
Biol Psychiatry. 2004 May 15;55(10 ):1001-6
15121484
Psychiatry Res. 2004 Jan 1;121(3):303-7
14675749
Schizophr Bull. 2002;28(3):393-9
12645672
Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Aug;158(8):1286-90
11481164
Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Jan 15;55(2):177-84
14732598
Schizophr Bull. 2003;29(2):299-309
14552505
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2004 Apr;254(2):117-28
15146341
Psychophysiology. 2004 May;41(3):367-71
15102121
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;58(9):877-84
11545672
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2004 Aug;6(4):289-95
15260945
Schizophr Bull. 2003;29(4):803-30
14989416
Schizophr Bull. 2003;29(2):285-98
14552504
Schizophr Res. 2003 Nov 1;64(1):1-13
14511796
Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2003 Jan 1;116B(1):36-40
12497611
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2003 Aug;5(4):311-9
12857535
Schizophr Res. 2003 Nov 1;64(1):35-9
14511799
Am J Med Genet. 2002 Dec 8;114(8):956-66
12457393
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2002 Dec;25(4):837-53
12462863
Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Mar;161(3):398-413
14992962
Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Oct;160(10):1790-4
14514492
Schizophr Bull. 2000;26(1):119-36
10755673
Psychopharmacol Bull. 2003 Spring;37(2):79-101
14566217