title: Evaluation of FES-induced knee joint moments in paraplegics with denervated muscles.
abstract: The pendulum test was applied to evaluate functional electrical stimulation (FES)-induced joint moments in paraplegics with denervated muscles. Therefore a manipulandum was connected to the knee joint and programmed to elicit gravity-induced leg oscillations. The FES-induced output torque was compensated for in order to keep the leg in a mean vertical position (knee angle 90 degrees ). A second-order dynamical model was applied to extract the elastic and viscous moments from the recorded leg oscillations. This model provided an almost adequate description of the relaxed and FES-contracted states. In the relaxed state the elastic moment was 15.3 +/- 2.37 Nm/rad and the viscous moment was 0.41 +/- 0.21 Nms/rad. The FES-induced elastic moment was 29.4 +/- 28.5 Nm/rad and the FES-induced viscous moment was 1.53 +/- 1.03 Nms/rad (N = 10, before FES-training).
authors.affiliation: Department of Systems Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. eugen.gallasch@meduni-graz.at
authors.forename: Eugen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gallasch
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rafolt
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kinz
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fend
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mayr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009121:Muscle Denervation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019415:Torque; D016896:Treatment Outcome