title: Fracture prevalence and treatment with bone-sparing agents: are there urban-rural differences? A population based study in Ontario, Canada.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of self-reported osteoporotic fractures and use of bone-sparing agents, and to examine if region of residence is associated with fracture or treatment prevalence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A census of persons aged > or = 55 years residing in 2 regions of Ontario, Canada (East York, a region within Toronto, and Oxford County), was completed between 1995 and 1998. Region was coded by record linkage of residential postal codes to 1996 Canadian Census data into 4 groups: East York (urban core), and Oxford County subdivided into: urban core, small urban, and rural. Respondents were excluded if they resided outside the regions of interest or were missing fracture data (5%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 26,839 persons (15,541 women) were studied. Nearly 3 times as many women as men reported having had an osteoporotic fracture (14% vs 5%), with 31% and 8%, respectively, taking bone-sparing agents. Controlling for age, a diagnosis of osteoporosis, number of osteoporotic fractures, and height loss, women residing in East York were more likely (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0-1.4) to be taking a bone-sparing agent other than estrogen, but less likely to be taking estrogen (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-0.9) compared to those living in rural areas. No regional differences were observed in fracture prevalence, treatment among those with an osteoporotic fracture, or use of a bone-sparing agent among men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research into regional differences in osteoporosis screening, treatment, and fractures is warranted. This should examine the appropriateness of possible differences, and separate physician practice patterns from patient characteristics, such as willingness to begin treatment with bone-sparing agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. s.cadarette@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Cadarette
authors.forename: Susan B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Jaglal
authors.forename: Gillian A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Hawker
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012968:Etidronic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012424:Rural Population; D014505:Urban Population; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D014807:Vitamin D; D012968:Etidronic Acid; D002118:Calcium