title: Dose-dependent allergic responses to an extract of Penicillium chrysogenum in BALB/c mice.
abstract: Indoor mold has been associated with the development of allergic asthma. Penicillium chrysogenum, a common indoor mold, is known to have several allergens and can induce allergic responses in a mouse model of allergic penicilliosis. Our hypothesis is that soluble components of P. chrysogenum (PCE) can dose-dependently induce responses typical of allergic asthma in BALB/c mice. Mice were exposed to 10, 20, 50, or 70 microg of PCE by involuntary aspiration four times over a 4-week period. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected before (day 0), and at days 1 and 3 following the final exposure. PCE-exposed mice demonstrated dose-dependent increases in: BALF total cell numbers including eosinophil, serum and BALF total IgE levels, BALF IL-5 levels, and increased severity of histopathologic lesions. A single exposure to the highest dose of PCE resulted in edema and cellular damage but not immune responses. Four exposures to Metarhizium anisopliae crude antigen (10 microg, positive control) resulted in equivalent or greater allergic asthma-like responses than those demonstrated by multiple exposures to 50 or 70 microg of PCE. Multiple exposures to 70 microg of PCE showed increased allergen-triggered immediate respiratory responses as well as non-specific airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine as assessed by barometric whole-body plethysmography. Taken together, repeated pulmonary challenge with P. chrysogenum extract induced dose-dependent allergic asthma-like responses in mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. chung.yongjoo@epa.gov
authors.forename: Yong Joo
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Najwa Haykal
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Viana
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Vesper
authors.forename: MaryJane K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Selgrade
authors.forename: Marsha D W
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000276:immunology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010408:Penicillium chrysogenum / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D007073:Immunoglobulin E