title: Does the triad of fungi, bacteria and exposure to moisture have an impact on chronic hyperplastic sinusitis?
abstract: Here we evaluated a possible relationship between chronic hyperplastic sinusitis (CHS) and moisture exposure and secondly a seasonal variation of fungal and bacterial findings in the healthy nose. In 28 CHS patients sinus mucus was collected during endoscopic sinus surgery. Samples from the nasal cavities of 19 healthy volunteers were collected by nasal lavage (NAL) in January and in September. Bacterial culture and fungal staining and culture were carried out. Histological samples from the sinus mucosa were obtained. Patients' medical history and environmental factors were enquired. Mold odor or moisture problems in the home or work environment were reported by 46% of the CHS patients. Patients who reported moisture exposure did not differ significantly from those who had not been exposed with regards to microbiological findings, tissue eosinophilia, and earlier operations. Cladosporium (16%) and Alternaria (11%) were found in NAL fluid collected in the autumn from the control subjects. No fungi were isolated from samples taken during the winter. An association between CHS or fungal sinusitis and moisture damage was not apparent in the present study. The fungal findings in the nasal cavity reflect the environmental exposure. This should be taken into account when NAL is used for microbiological studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Living in a moldy house or working in a similar environment may increase the risk of respiratory symptoms and infections. However, our results suggest that chronic hyperplastic sinusitis and fungal sinusitis are not associated with moisture exposure. The nose is a good collector of particles in the air. Especially samples taken by the nasal lavage method reflect the environmental exposure. This should be taken into account when this method is used for microbiological studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu, Helsinki, Finland. katriina.kostamo@hus.fi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kostamo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malmberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ylikoski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ranta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Toskala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001419:Bacteria / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005658:Fungi / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000601:surgery; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water