title: The effect of combination pharmacotherapy on the prescription trends of glaucoma medications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe prescription trends within a managed care setting for glaucoma medications and to examine the effect of introduction of Cosopt--a fixed combination of dorzolamide and timolol.
  
  
  METHODS
  All prescriptions dispensed to any of the 470,350 members of an Israeli health maintenance organization were monthly scanned for patients treated for glaucoma, between January 2000 and May 2003. The monthly mean number of glaucoma patients was 3899 +/- 104 (mean +/- SD). All topical glaucoma prescriptions were documented, and the monthly prescription rate of each medication was calculated and plotted. The monitored glaucoma medications were: beta-adrenergic antagonists, dorzolamide, latanoprost, pilocarpine, brimonidine, Cosopt, and others.
  
  
  RESULTS
  beta-adrenergic antagonists were the top prescribing drug (>35% of all glaucoma prescriptions). The prescription rates of pilocarpine and beta-adrenergic antagonists were in constant decline, while latanoprost and brimonidine increased steadily. The introduction of Cosopt changed the prescription trends of dorzolamide from increasing to rapidly decreasing, and accelerated the long-term decline of beta-adrenergic antagonists. Concomitant with the introduction of Cosopt the prescription rate of beta-adrenergic antagonists temporarily increased. This was due to a total increase in glaucoma prescriptions. When Cosopt was introduced, 37.5% of patients were prescribed Cosopt together with beta-adrenergic antagonists, and 16.5% also received dorzolamide. Thereafter the co-prescription decreased steadily.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Introduction of a combination drug should be accompanied by physicians', pharmacists', and patients' education to prevent its inappropriate usage together with its components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah University Hospital, IL-91120 Jerusalem, Israel. Igor@Dr-Kaiserman.com
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kaiserman
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaiserman
authors.forename: Sasson
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakar
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinker
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends*; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006302:Health Services Research; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D007557:Israel; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013999:Timolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013876:Thiophenes; C479140:dorzolamide-timolol combination; D013999:Timolol