title: Does prolonged cycling of moderate intensity affect immune cell function?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prolonged exercise may induce temporary immunosuppression with a presumed increased susceptibility for infection. However, there are only few data on immune cell function after prolonged cycling at moderate intensities typical for road cycling training sessions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study examined the influence on immune cell function of 4 h of cycling at a constant intensity of 70% of the individual anaerobic threshold. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte and lymphocyte populations, activities of natural killer (NK), neutrophils, and monocytes were examined before and after exercise, and also on a control day without exercise.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cycling for 4 h induced a moderate acute phase response with increases in IL-6 from 1.0 (SD 0.5) before to 9.6 (5.6) pg/ml 1 h after exercise and CRP from 0.5 (SD 0.4) before to 1.8 (1.3) mg/l 1 day after exercise. Although absolute numbers of circulating NK cells, monocytes, and neutrophils increased during exercise, on a per cell basis NK cell activity, neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis, and monocyte oxidative burst did not significantly change after exercise. However, a minor effect over time for neutrophil oxidative burst was noted, tending to decrease after exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prolonged cycling at moderate intensities does not seem to seriously alter the function of cells of the first line of defence. Therefore, the influence of a single typical road cycling training session on the immune system is only moderate and appears to be safe from an immunological point of view.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, University of Saarland, Campus, Building 39.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. j.scharhag@mx.uni-saarland.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scharhag
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: H H W
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schlick
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Faude
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kindermann
mesh_terms: D000210:Acute-Phase Reaction / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold / Q000276:immunology; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000276:immunology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000276:immunology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein
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