title: Pachygyria in a girl with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial short stature type II.
abstract: We report a mild form of lissencephaly or a pachygyric brain in a girl with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial 'dwarfism' (MOPD) type II. She was born with severe intrauterine growth failure. A diagnosis of MOPD type II was warranted by persistent postnatal growth failure, microcephaly with a Seckel-like facial appearance, and distinctive radiological findings, including overtubulation of the long bones, metaphyseal cupping of the distal femora, and brachyphalangy with ivory epiphyses. Brain MRI showed thickened cerebral cortices with few and large gyri, most prominently in the frontal and posterior temporal regions. The Sylvian fissures developed incompletely, and the posterior horns of the lateral ventricle were dilated (colpocephaly). Despite the severe imaging findings, she showed only mild retardation of psychomotor development. To date, only minor brain malformations have attracted attention in MOPD type II. Our experience may suggest a wider spectrum of brain anomalies in this entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Shimada Center for Rehabilitation and Neurodevelopment Intervention, 1-31-1 Nakazawa, Tama-city, Tokyo 206-0036, Japan. ozawa@shimaryo.or.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higurashi
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000002:abnormalities; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004392:Dwarfism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000473:pathology