title: Calculation of magnetic field-induced current densities for humans from EAS countertop activation/deactivation devices that use ferromagnetic cores.
abstract: Compliance testing of electronic article surveillance (EAS) devices requires that induced current densities in central nervous system (CNS) tissues, i.e. brain and the spinal cord, be less than the prescribed safety limits. Even though ferromagnetic cores are mostly used for activation/deactivation of embedded magnetic tags, assumed equivalent air-core coils with guessed increased number of ampere turns have always been used to calculate the magnetic fields for the proximal region to which a customer is exposed. We show that at low frequencies up to several kilohertz, duality of electric and magnetic circuits may be exploited such that the shaped high reluctance core is modelled as though it was a higher conductivity electric circuit of the corresponding shape. The proposed procedure is tested by examples of two magnetic cores typical of countertop activation/deactivation devices. The equivalent exposure magnetic fields obtained from the dual electric fields are shown to be in excellent agreement (within +/-5%) with those measured for these ferromagnetic EAS devices. The previously proposed impedance method is then used to calculate the induced current densities for a 1.974 x 1.974 x 2.93 mm resolution anatomic model of a human. For the two considered EAS systems using excitation currents of 5000 A turns at 200 Hz, the maximum 1 cm2 area-averaged induced current densities in the CNS tissues are calculated and found to be less than the ICNIRP safety limits.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
authors.forename: Qingxiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Om P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Gandhi
mesh_terms: D001822:Body Burden; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D004869:Equipment Safety / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D018499:Linear Energy Transfer; D008280:Magnetics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012637:Security Measures