title: Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for the endogenous koala retrovirus reveals an association between plasma viral load and neoplastic disease in koalas.
abstract: Koala retrovirus (KoRV) is a newly described endogenous retrovirus and is unusual in that inserts comprise a full-length replication competent genome. As koalas are known to suffer from an extremely high incidence of leukaemia/lymphoma, the association between this retrovirus and disease in koalas was examined. Using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR it was demonstrated that KoRV RNA levels in plasma are significantly increased in animals suffering from leukaemia or lymphoma when compared with healthy animals. Increased levels of KoRV were also seen for animals with clinical chlamydiosis. A significant positive association between viral RNA levels and age was also demonstrated. Real-time PCR demonstrated as much as 5 log variation in KoRV proviral DNA levels in genomic DNA extracted from whole blood from different animals. Taken together these data indicate that KoRV is an active endogenous retrovirus and suggests that it may be causally linked to neoplastic disease in koalas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tarlinton
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Meers
authors.affiliation: Dreamworld, Coomera, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hanger
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020077:Endogenous Retroviruses / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D048368:Phascolarctidae / Q000821:virology*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D014766:Viremia
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral