title: Clinical diagnosis of MM2-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No method for the clinical diagnosis of MM2-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) has been established except for pathologic examination.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify a reliable marker for the clinical diagnosis of MM2-type sCJD.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF, EEG, and neuroimaging studies were performed in eight patients with MM2-type sCJD confirmed by neuropathologic, genetic, and western blot analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The eight cases were pathologically classified into the cortical (n = 2), thalamic (n = 5), and combined (corticothalamic) (n = 1) forms. The cortical form was characterized by late-onset, slowly progressive dementia, cortical hyperintensity signals on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of brain, and elevated levels of CSF 14-3-3 protein. The thalamic form showed various neurologic manifestations including dementia, ataxia, and pyramidal and extrapyramidal signs with onset at various ages and relatively long disease duration. Characteristic EEG and MRI abnormalities were almost absent. However, all four patients examined with cerebral blood flow (CBF) study using SPECT showed reduction of the CBF in the thalamus as well as the cerebral cortex. The combined form had features of both the cortical and the thalamic forms, showing cortical hyperintensity signals on DWI and hypometabolism of the thalamus on [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose PET.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the clinical diagnosis of MM2-type sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, cortical hyperintensity signals on diffusion-weighted MRI are useful for the cortical form and thalamic hypoperfusion or hypometabolism on cerebral blood flow SPECT or [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose PET for the thalamic form.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mizusawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ishida
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kuji
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kohriyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Udaka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishinaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D015415:Biomarkers; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011328:Prions / Q000235:genetics; D013494:Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive / Q000175:diagnosis; D013788:Thalamus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; D011328:Prions; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18