title: Decreased expression of type II tumor suppressor gene RARRES3 in tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the expression of retinoic acid receptor responder 3 (RARRES3) protein in paraffin-embedded tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC), and the correlation of RARRES3 production with tumor differentiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of RARRES3 in tissues from 21 CC (10 well-, 7 moderately- and 4 poorly-differentiated) and 32 HCC was determined by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 21 CC tissues, RARRES3 was detected in 8 (80%) of 10 well-differentiated tumors. Only 2 (18.2%) out of 11 tumors with moderate or poor differentiation showed positive RARRES3 expression. RARRES3 expression in well-differentiated CC was significantly higher than that in tumors with moderate or poor differentiation (Fisher exact test, P<0.01). Expression of RARRES3 was not different between early (I and II) and late (III and IV) stages of CC. Among 30 HCC tissues, 17 (56.7%) weakly expressed RARRES3 in HCC cells, and 25 (83.3%) normal tissues adjacent to HCC expressed the protein. RARRES3 expression was significantly decreased in HCC tissues compared to that in adjacent normal tissues (logistic regression analysis, OR = 0.27, 95% CI (0.11-0.62), P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of RARRES3 is positively correlated to well-differentiated CC, which supports the role of RARRES3 in malignant epithelial differentiation of the tumor. The decrease in RARRES3 expression in tissues of HCC and CC with moderate and poor differentiation suggests that altered RARRES3 expression may play a role in the carcinogenesis of the liver and biliary tract.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Tri-Service General Hospital, 325 Chengung Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei 114, Taiwan, China.
authors.forename: Shun-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Jung-Mao
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Fur-Jiang
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Leu
authors.forename: Yu-Yen
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Yu-Lung
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Jyh-Cherng
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Meei-Shyuan
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Rong-Yaun
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Shyu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C437968:PLAAT4 protein, human; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid
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