title: A pharmacological study of celecoxib and gemcitabine in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether celecoxib alters the conversion of gemcitabine into its active metabolite, difluorodeoxycytidine triphosphate (dFdCTP), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who had not received chemotherapy and had acceptable organ function were eligible for the study. The initial dose of gemcitabine was 750 mg/m(2) administered intravenously at a rate of 10 mg/m(2)/min on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks. Celecoxib was administered orally at 400 mg twice a day starting 2 days after the first dose of gemcitabine. Serial blood samples were taken during the first and second gemcitabine infusions and the cellular dFdCTP levels from PBMCs were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients received gemcitabine at 750 mg/m(2) and six patients received it at 650 mg/m(2). Severe adverse events included neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, enteritis, and gastric perforation. Two patient died early during treatment. Cellular pharmacology studies showed that the conversion of gemcitabine into dFdCTP was not affected by celecoxib.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the increased clinical toxicities encountered with the combination, celecoxib did not alter the conversion of gemcitabine into its active metabolites in PBMCs. Gemcitabine 650 mg/m(2) infusion over 65 min on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks in combination with celecoxib at 400 mg twice a day was the dose recommended for further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Unit 426, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. qxiong@mailmdanderson.org
authors.forename: Henry Q
authors.initials: HQ
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Plunkett
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Abbruzzese
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068579:Celecoxib; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000068579:Celecoxib; D000093542:Gemcitabine