title: Relationship between bispectral index, electroencephalographic state entropy and effect-site EC50 for propofol at different clinical endpoints.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  State entropy (SE) is a newly available monitor for depth of anaesthesia. We investigated whether the relationship between predicted effect-site propofol concentration and both bispectral index (BIS) and SE values is useful for predicting loss of verbal contact and loss of consciousness during steady-state conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty unpremedicated patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery were recruited. A target-controlled infusion of propofol was administered using Schneider's pharmacokinetic model. The propofol infusion was set at an initial site-effect concentration of 1.0 microg ml(-1), and increased by 1.0 microg ml(-1) steps every 4 min, up to 6.0 microg ml(-1). A 4-min interval was chosen to ensure that steady-state site-effect concentrations were obtained. Propofol site-effect concentrations and BIS and SE values were recorded at loss of verbal contact (LVC) and loss of consciousness (LOC). Population values for predicted effect-site concentrations at the clinical endpoints were estimated and correlated with BIS and SE values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For LVC, the effect-site concentration for 90% of patients was 1.1 (1.1-3.2) microg ml(-1) and for LOC 2.8 (2.8-5.65) microg ml(-1). LVC occurred in 90% of patients at a BIS value of 70.2 (70.2-90.2) and an SE value of 60.3 (60.3-75.5) and LOC occurred at a BIS value of 38.2 (38.2-70.4) and an SE value of 42.2 (42.2-60.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LVC and LOC occurred within a defined range of predicted effect-site concentrations. SE had a smaller range than BIS and higher correlation with effect-site concentration and may be more useful than BIS in predicting both LVC and LOC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiological, Surgical and Emergency Sciences, Second Service of Anaesthesia, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy. micheleiannuzzi@libero.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iannuzzi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Iannuzzi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiefari
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003243:Consciousness / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015742:Propofol