title: Low-dose tryptophan depletion in recovered depressed patients induces changes in cognitive processing without depressive symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute tryptophan depletion can induce a transient reappearance of depressive symptoms in recovered depressed patients. The neurochemical mechanism is thought to be impairment of brain serotonin neurotransmission, but the neuropsychologic mechanisms underlying the effect are unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess whether low-dose tryptophan depletion can tease out the psychological mechanisms sensitive to substrate depletion in vulnerable subjects without inducing mood changes, a between-subjects randomized design was used. Recovered depressed patients (n = 24) and healthy volunteers (n = 24) were administered while fasting either a tryptophan-free or a control mixture, containing 31.2 and 33.2 g of amino acids, respectively. Objective and subjective ratings of mood were made before and 5 hours after ingestion; at the latter time point, cognitive and emotional processing were also assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low-dose tryptophan depletion did not affect mood. Significant changes in emotional and cognitive processing occurred in the recovered depressed group, however, and to a lesser extent in the healthy volunteers. The profile of effects seen in the recovered patients suggested a return of the impairments seen in acute depression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that low-dose tryptophan depletion permits investigation of the cognitive correlates of acute reductions in brain serotonin in populations vulnerable to depression and in healthy volunteers, without causing depressive symptoms.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: Guy M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Goodwin
authors.forename: Phil J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cowen
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Harmer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011581:Psychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000172:deficiency*; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D014364:Tryptophan