title: [Oral morphine administration for children's traumatic pain].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the compliance of prescription, the efficacity and the adverse events of oral morphine used in the pediatric emergency department (ED) in traumatic pains.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study was conducted in the ED from october 2002 to september 2003. Children aged six months to 16 years with a visual analogic scale (VAS) score higher than 70 or with a traumatic member deformation received oral morphine (0,5 mg/kg). Pain was assessed every 30 minutes using two scales: behavioral observation by the faces scale and objective pain scale (OPS) for children less than five years, behavioral observation by the faces scale and self-report by VAS for children older than five years. The compliance of prescription, the pain scores and the adverse events were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-one children received oral morphine and seventy-four children were studied. Seventy per cent of prescriptions were in accordance with the recommendations. For patients younger than five years a rapid decrease of pain was observed in thirty minutes. The pain's reduction was respectively 79 and 84% with faces scale and OPS when they left ED. For children older than five years, pain's reduction was more important and more rapid when pain assessment was made by nurses than when it was self-reported in the first hour (pain reduction 58,2 and 36,1%). When leaving, pain reduction was the same with the two different assessments. No major adverse event was noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of oral morphine in ED is simple, with a few numbers of adverse events. None was severe. Efficiency is correct after 30 to 60 minutes.
authors.affiliation: Département des urgences pédiatriques, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, assistance publique-hôpitaux de Paris,149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wille
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bocquet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cojocaru
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chéron
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001134:Arm Injuries / Q000150:complications; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004630:Emergencies; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000150:complications; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D009020:Morphine