title: Predicting health-related quality of life in patients with low back pain.
abstract: METHODS
  Cross-sectional surveys of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with low back pain at ambulatory clinics plus 8 weeks of follow-up.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to predict the HRQOL in patients with low back pain.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  There is disagreement on the relative contribution of pain, physical impairment, functional status, and psychological factors on the disability and HRQOL in patients with low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 232 patients with low back pain who were consecutively recruited from several clinics of physical medicine and rehabilitation. Every patient received physical examination and completed a set of questionnaire, including the Taiwan version of the Brief Questionnaire of the World Health Organization on quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), Modified Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire, and visual analogue scale for pain intensity and for HRQOL. These patients were observed with a mail questionnaire 8 weeks later. The results of WHOQOL-BREF were also compared to those obtained from another 213 healthy volunteers who were accompanied persons with patients, volunteer workers in hospitals, and hospital employees.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that there were significant correlations of HRQOL with pain intensity, disability scale, and disability days. Among the results of physical examination, lumbosacral radiculopathy was the only factor with moderate correlation with HRQOL. The significant predictors for HRQOL included physical domain, psychological domain, pain intensity, and family income. Among all the 232 study patients, 100 of them responded to the follow-up questionnaire. Changes in environmental domain, disability days, educational level, receiving herb drugs, and physiotherapy were the significant predictors for the changes of HRQOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HRQOL of patients with low back pain depended on functional status and psychological factors more than simple physical impairment. Future intervention may need to put more emphasis on improving functional status and psychological stress for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, En Chu Kong Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Shiung
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Horng
authors.forename: Yaw-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Hsin-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Huey-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yuh Jang
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Mhe
authors.forename: Fuh-Chour
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Twu
authors.forename: Jung-Der
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012044:Regression Analysis