title: Identification of a protanomalous chimpanzee by molecular genetic and electroretinogram analyses.
abstract: We determined the structures of long (L)-wavelength-sensitive and middle (M)-wavelength-sensitive opsin gene array of 58 male chimpanzees and we investigated relative sensitivity to red and green lights by electroretinogram flicker photometry. One subject had protanomalous color vision, while others had normal color vision. Unlike in humans, a polymorphic difference in the copy number of the genes and a polymorphic base substitution at amino acid position 180 were not frequently observed in chimpanzees.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terao
authors.forename: Akichika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Akishi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Migaku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teramoto
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Udono
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Emi
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shichida
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koike
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018420:Ape Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern / Q000379:methods; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004596:Electroretinography / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D010783:Photometry / Q000379:methods; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D017299:Rod Opsins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D017299:Rod Opsins