title: Behavior during cluster headache.
abstract: Cluster headache (CH), also known as "suicide headache," is characterized by a distinctive behavior during attacks. In 80% to 90% of cases, patients are restless and constantly moving in a vain attempt to relieve pain. They often perform complex, stereotyped actions. During attacks, CH sufferers do not want to be touched, stroked, or comforted and frequently moan a great deal, cry, or even scream. They sometimes indulge in violent, self-hurting behavior. Restlessness is a highly sensitive and highly specific parameter for CH and has been included among the signs and symptoms accompanying pain of the disorder in the Second Edition of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. A few hypotheses on pathophysiology of restlessness are addressed in this paper.
authors.affiliation: Headache Center, Section of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100 Parma, Italy. paolatorelli@libero.it
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Torelli
authors.forename: Gian Camillo
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Manzoni
mesh_terms: D003027:Cluster Headache / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
references.citation: Semin Neurol. 1997;17(4):313-23
references.pmid: 9474711
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 1983 Mar;3(1):21-30
references.pmid: 6850818
references.citation: Sleep Res Online. 2000;3(3):107-12
references.pmid: 11382908
references.citation: Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 1989 Dec;22(6):1131-44
references.pmid: 2513546
references.citation: Headache. 1972 Jan;11(4):175-85
references.pmid: 5007729
references.citation: Neurology. 1958 Sep;8(9):653-63
references.pmid: 13578060
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 1991 Dec;11(6):263-8
references.pmid: 1790571
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 2004 Aug;24(8):631-8
references.pmid: 15265051
references.citation: Headache. 2005 Jun;45(6):644-52
references.pmid: 15953296
references.citation: Headache. 1975 Jan;14(4):219-25
references.pmid: 1123305
references.citation: J Lancet. 1952 Feb;72(2):92-8
references.pmid: 14908316
references.citation: Headache. 1979 Mar;19(2):58-62
references.pmid: 422349
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1428-9
references.pmid: 11794190
references.citation: Neurology. 2002 Nov 12;59(9):1425-7
references.pmid: 12427896
references.citation: Lancet. 1993 Sep 18;342(8873):723-5
references.pmid: 8103827
references.citation: Funct Neurol. 2003 Oct-Dec;18(4):205-10
references.pmid: 15055745
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 2001 Mar;21(2):145-50
references.pmid: 11422098
references.citation: Acta Neurol Scand. 1986 Apr;73(4):403-7
references.pmid: 3727916
references.citation: Nat Med. 1999 Jul;5(7):836-8
references.pmid: 10395332
references.citation: Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin. 1956 May 30;31(11):325-33
references.pmid: 13323056
references.citation: Headache. 1992 Mar;32(3):119-25
references.pmid: 1563942
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 1981 Dec;1(4):209-16
references.pmid: 7347624
references.citation: Headache. 1979 Apr;19(3):142-50
references.pmid: 457402
references.citation: Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2002 Feb;6(1):76-82
references.pmid: 11749882
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003 Aug;74(8):1123-5
references.pmid: 12876249
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 2001 Sep;21(7):718-26
references.pmid: 11594999
references.citation: Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2004 Apr;8(2):147-56
references.pmid: 14980150
references.citation: J Am Med Assoc. 1956 Feb 11;160(6):468-9
references.pmid: 13286083
references.citation: Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien). 1988;44:145-51
references.pmid: 3066130
references.citation: Neurology. 1999 Jul 22;53(2):357-63
references.pmid: 10430426
references.citation: Neurology. 2002 Feb 12;58(3):354-61
references.pmid: 11839832
references.citation: Funct Neurol. 2000 Oct-Dec;15(4):215-23
references.pmid: 11213525
references.citation: J Neurol Sci. 1971 Aug;13(4):401-14
references.pmid: 5570761
references.citation: Appl Neurophysiol. 1978;41(1-4):223-31
references.pmid: 365099
references.citation: Pain. 1998 Jan;74(1):61-6
references.pmid: 9514561
references.citation: Lancet. 1998 Jul 25;352(9124):275-8
references.pmid: 9690407
references.citation: Neuroimmunomodulation. 2004;11(2):103-12
references.pmid: 14758056
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 1988;8 Suppl 7:1-96
references.pmid: 3048700
references.citation: Acta Neurol Scand. 1970;:Suppl 41:1+
references.pmid: 4988867
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 1988 Mar;8(1):37-44
references.pmid: 3359483
references.citation: Headache. 1974 Jan;13(4):197-202
references.pmid: 4810475
references.citation: Cephalalgia. 1988 Jun;8(2):121-6
references.pmid: 3401914