title: Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus 1 transcription by nef microRNA.
abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 21-25 nt long and interact with mRNAs to lead to either translational repression or RNA cleavage through RNA interference. A previous study showed that human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) nef dsRNA from AIDS patients who are long-term non-progressors inhibited HIV-1 transcription. In the study reported here, nef-derived miRNAs in HIV-1-infected and nef transduced cells were identified, and showed that HIV-1 transcription was suppressed by nef-expressing miRNA, miR-N367, in human T cells. The miR-N367 could reduce HIV-1 LTR promoter activity through the negative responsive element of the U3 region in the 5'-LTR. Therefore, nef miRNA produced in HIV-1-infected cells may downregulate HIV-1 transcription through both a post-transcriptional pathway and a transcriptional neo-pathway.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology and Retroviral Genetics Group, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omoto
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology and Retroviral Genetics Group, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D015693:Gene Products, nef / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D034622:RNA Interference / Q000502:physiology*; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015693:Gene Products, nef; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus