title: Ethylene-induced differential growth of petioles in Arabidopsis. Analyzing natural variation, response kinetics, and regulation.
abstract: Plants can reorient their organs in response to changes in environmental conditions. In some species, ethylene can induce resource-directed growth by stimulating a more vertical orientation of the petioles (hyponasty) and enhanced elongation. In this study on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we show significant natural variation in ethylene-induced petiole elongation and hyponastic growth. This hyponastic growth was rapidly induced and also reversible because the petioles returned to normal after ethylene withdrawal. To unravel the mechanisms behind the natural variation, two contrasting accessions in ethylene-induced hyponasty were studied in detail. Columbia-0 showed a strong hyponastic response to ethylene, whereas this response was almost absent in Landsberg erecta (Ler). To test whether Ler is capable of showing hyponastic growth at all, several signals were applied. From all the signals applied, only spectrally neutral shade (20 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) could induce a strong hyponastic response in Ler. Therefore, Ler has the capacity for hyponastic growth. Furthermore, the lack of ethylene-induced hyponastic growth in Ler is not the result of already-saturating ethylene production rates or insensitivity to ethylene, as an ethylene-responsive gene was up-regulated upon ethylene treatment in the petioles. Therefore, we conclude that Ler is missing an essential component between the primary ethylene signal transduction chain and a downstream part of the hyponastic growth signal transduction pathway.
authors.affiliation: Plant Ecophysiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands. f.f.millenaar@bio.uu.nl
authors.forename: Frank F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Millenaar
authors.forename: Marjolein C H
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Yvonne E M de Jong
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: van Berkel
authors.forename: Rob A M
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Welschen
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pierik
authors.forename: Laurentius A J C
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Voesenek
authors.forename: Anton J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Peeters
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000254:growth & development*; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008027:Light; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators / Q000502:physiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000254:growth & development*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005030:Ethylenes; D010937:Plant Growth Regulators; C036216:ethylene; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; C059460:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase
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