title: A confirmatory model for depression among Japanese American and part-Japanese American adolescents.
abstract: A confirmatory model integrating Japanese ethnicity, cultural identity, and depression was developed (N = 140). The model incorporated the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Major Life Events Scale, and Japanese Cultural Scale. Japanese American adolescents scored higher on the Japanese Cultural Scale and reported fewer depressive symptoms on the CES-D total and on 2 of the 3 CES-D factors than part-Japanese American adolescents. Predictors for depression were being Japanese American vs. part-Japanese American, female gender, and culturally intensified events. A significant interaction of behavior by self-identification was noted. The model had good overall fit and suggested that the formation of cultural identity may contribute to depressive symptoms experienced by adolescents, particularly adolescents of mixed heritage.
authors.affiliation: John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Manoa, HI 96813, USA.
authors.forename: John Kino Yamaguchi
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: 'Iwalani R N
authors.initials: 'R
authors.lastname: Else
authors.forename: Earl S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hishinuma
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Goebert
authors.forename: Janice Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Naleen N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Stephanie T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003469:Culture; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States