title: Nephrobronchial fistula secondary to xantogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrobronchial fistula is a rare complication of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, a disease that can fistulize to lungs, skin, colon and other organs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 37-year old patient presented a chronic history of lumbar pain and thoracic symptoms such as cough, dyspnea and oral elimination of pus. Patient went to several services and was submitted to 2 thorax surgeries before definitive treatment (nephrectomy) was indicated. After nephrectomy, the patient presented an immediate improvement with weight gain (8 kg / 1 month) and all his symptoms disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This clinical case illustrates the natural history of nephrobronchial fistula, the importance of clinical history for diagnosis and the relevance of early treatment of renal lithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Goiânia General Hospital, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. joserosasouza@aol.com
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: de Souza
authors.forename: Juliana A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Ney C B
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Barbosa