title: Phase I trial of combretastatin a-4 phosphate with carboplatin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preclinical evidence of synergy led to a phase I trial employing combretastatin A-4 phosphate (CA4P), a novel tubulin-binding antivascular drug, in combination with carboplatin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on preclinical scheduling studies, patients were treated on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Carboplatin was given as a 30-minute i.v. infusion and CA4P was given 60 minutes later as a 10-minute infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients with solid tumors received 40 cycles of therapy at CA4P doses of 27 and 36 mg/m(2) together with carboplatin at area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values of 4 and 5 mg min/mL. The dose-limiting toxicity of thrombocytopenia halted the dose escalation phase of the study. Four patients were treated at an amended dose level of CA4P of 36 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC of 4 mg min/mL although grade 3 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were still observed. Three lines of evidence are adduced to suggest that a pharmacokinetic interaction between the drugs results in greater thrombocytopenia than anticipated: the carboplatin exposure (as AUC) was greater than predicted; the platelet nadirs were lower than predicted; and the deviation of the carboplatin exposure from predicted was proportional to the AUC of CA4, the active metabolite of CA4P. Patient benefit included six patients with stable disease lasting at least four cycles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study of CA4P and carboplatin given in combination showed dose-limiting thrombocytopenia. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling permitted the inference that altered carboplatin pharmacokinetics caused the increment in platelet toxicity.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. bilenker@uphs.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Joshua H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Bilenker
authors.forename: Keith T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Maryann
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: Weijing
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vaughn
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giantonio
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zimmer
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schnall
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Dwyer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013921:Thrombocytopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D013267:Stilbenes; D016190:Carboplatin; C058728:fosbretabulin