title: Quetiapine and rivastigmine and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the respective efficacy of quetiapine and rivastigmine for agitation in people with dementia in institutional care and to evaluate these treatments with respect to change in cognitive performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised double blind (clinician, patient, outcomes assessor) placebo controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Care facilities in the north east of England.
  
  
  METHODS
  93 patients with Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and clinically significant agitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Atypical antipsychotic (quetiapine), cholinesterase inhibitor (rivastigmine), or placebo (double dummy).
  
  
  METHODS
  Agitation (Cohen-Mansfield agitation inventory) and cognition (severe impairment battery) at baseline and at six weeks and 26 weeks. The primary outcome was agitation inventory at six weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  31 patients were randomised to each group, and 80 (86%) started treatment (25 rivastigmine, 26 quetiapine, 29 placebo), of whom 71 (89%) tolerated the maximum protocol dose (22 rivastigmine, 23 quetiapine, 26 placebo). Compared with placebo, neither group showed significant differences in improvement on the agitation inventory either at six weeks or 26 weeks. Fifty six patients scored > 10 on the severe impairment battery at baseline, 46 (82%) of whom were included in the analysis at six week follow up (14 rivastigmine, 14 quetiapine, 18 placebo). For quetiapine the change in severe impairment battery score from baseline was estimated as an average of -14.6 points (95% confidence interval -25.3 to -4.0) lower (that is, worse) than in the placebo group at six weeks (P = 0.009) and -15.4 points (-27.0 to -3.8) lower at 26 weeks (P = 0.01). The corresponding changes with rivastigmine were -3.5 points (-13.1 to 6.2) lower at six weeks (P = 0.5) and -7.5 points (-21.0 to 6.0) lower at 26 weeks (P = 0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither quetiapine nor rivastigmine are effective in the treatment of agitation in people with dementia in institutional care. Compared with placebo, quetiapine is associated with significantly greater cognitive decline.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London SE5 8AF.
authors.forename: Clive
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ballard
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Margallo-Lana
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Juszczak
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Swann
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Everratt
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sadler
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maddison
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bannister
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elvish
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacoby
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011595:Psychomotor Agitation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D003987:Dibenzothiazepines; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D000069348:Quetiapine Fumarate; D000068836:Rivastigmine
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