title: HA22 (R490A) is a recombinant immunotoxin with increased antitumor activity without an increase in animal toxicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  RFB4 (dsFv)-PE38 (BL22) is a recombinant immunotoxin containing an anti-CD22 (Fv) fused to truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A, which induces a high complete remission rate in patients with purine analogue-resistant hairy cell leukemia. HA22 is a mutant of BL22 with mutations in heavy-chain CDR3 resulting in increased cytotoxic activity. Our goal was to improve the activity of HA22.
  
  
  METHODS
  Arg(490), which is located in the catalytic domain (III) of the immunotoxin HA22, was mutated to alanine. Purified immunotoxins were produced and tested for cytotoxic activity in cell culture and for antitumor activity and nonspecific toxicity in mice. ADP-ribosylation activity was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HA22 (R490A) is approximately 2-fold more cytotoxic than HA22 on several CD22-positive cell lines. When injected i.v., HA22 (R490A) has more potent antitumor activity than HA22 against CA46 tumors in mice. HA22 and HA22 (R490A) have similar LD(50)s (approximately 1.3 mg/kg) and similar plasma half-lives. The R490A mutation also improved the cytotoxicity of the antimesothelin recombinant immunotoxin SS1 (dsFv)-PE38 (SS1P). In vitro ADP-ribosylation assays show that HA22 R490A has increased activity. Increased cytotoxic activity is probably related to this increase in ADP-ribosylation activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein engineering can be used to increase the efficacy of recombinant immunotoxins. Because HA22 (R490A) has increased antitumor activity without increased animal toxicity, immunotoxins with this mutation are candidates for clinical development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Sookhee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onda
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kreitman
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pastan
mesh_terms: D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004768:Enterotoxins; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D000922:Immunotoxins / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D037102:Lectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D000090204:Mesothelin; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009154:Mutation; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C497867:CD22 protein, human; C497868:Cd22 protein, mouse; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D004768:Enterotoxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D000922:Immunotoxins; D037102:Lectins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C431326:RFB4(dsFv)-PE38 recombinant immunotoxin; D051918:Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D000090204:Mesothelin