title: Influence of psychiatric comorbidity in alcohol-dependent subjects in a representative population survey on treatment utilization and natural recovery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is well known that only a minority of alcohol-dependent subjects seek help and that the majority of alcohol-dependent individuals recover without utilization of formal help. Psychiatric comorbidity is highly prevalent among alcohol-dependent individuals. However, no data are available on the impact of psychiatric comorbidity on natural recovery.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the impact of non-psychotic psychiatric comorbid Axis I disorders on remission rate and utilization of formal help in alcohol-dependent individuals drawn from a representative general population sample in northern Germany (response rate: 70.2%, n = 4075). Psychiatric diagnoses and utilization of help were assessed in a personal interview using standardized instruments. One hundred and fifty-three life-time alcohol-dependent individuals were assessed, among whom 98 fulfilled the criteria for sustained long-term remission according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version II (DSM-IV) criteria. Any coincidence of DSM-IV non-psychotic Axis I disorders with alcohol dependence was counted as comorbidity. Comorbidity rate in the whole sample was 36.1%.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of individuals who remitted from alcohol dependence without formal help was 36.9% in the non-comorbid and 42.6% in the comorbid group. Utilization of formal help was unrelated to comorbidity. Dually diagnosed subjects without a history of help-seeking showed minor differences concerning reasons for not seeking help. Seeking help was not related to schooling, severity of dependence and gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data reveal that remission without formal help is equally prevalent among non-comorbid as among comorbid alcohol-dependent individuals. Axis I comorbidity is not related directly to utilization of alcohol-related help. Negative prognoses for untreated comorbid alcohol-dependent individuals are not justified from an epidemiological point of view.
authors.affiliation: Medical University of Lübeck, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Federal Republic of Germany. gallus.bischof@ukl.uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bischof
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Rumpf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hapke
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: John
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012944:Social Support