title: Consanguinity in two Uruguayan cities: historical evolution and characteristics (1800--1994).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information about consanguinity in Uruguay is scarce and limited to the end of the 20th century.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency and characteristics of consanguineous marriages, as well as chronological trends, in two Uruguayan cities over almost two centuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed 28,393 Roman Catholic Church marriage records and Diocesan consanguinity dispensations belonging to the cities of Melo (Northeast), and Montevideo (South), for the period 1800--1994.
  
  
  RESULTS
  633 (2.23%) marriages were consanguineous. Among them, first cousin marriages were the most common (58.8% of all consanguineous marriages, including double consanguineous), especially those where the bride and groom were related through their maternal side. During the first decades of the 19th century both regions showed low levels of consanguinity. Consanguinity reached its maximum during the mid-1800s and decreased significantly throughout the 20th century. The overall mean coefficients of inbreeding were moderate in both cases, being greater in the Northeast (alpha=0.00165) than in the South (alpha = 0.00089).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low level of consanguinity as well as the structure of consanguineous marriages (distribution by degrees) is similar to that found in other southern South American countries. Temporal trends are similar to those found in industrialized regions in Europe, with maximum inbreeding levels during the middle-late 19th century; however, the clear predominance of first cousin unions, differs from most of the data for European countries. Small differences between the two cities can be related to diverse facts, such as socio-economic conditions, ethnic origin, immigration, and sampling.
authors.affiliation: Sección de Antropologia Biológica, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad de la República, Magallanes 1577, 11200 Montevideo, Uruguay. msans@fhuce.edu.uy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lusiardo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bonilla
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sans
mesh_terms: D003241:Consanguinity; D005260:Female; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage / Q000266:history* / Q000639:trends; D012042:Registries; D014583:Uruguay