Cilostazol inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell growth by downregulation of the transcription factor E2F.
Neointimal formation, the leading cause of restenosis, is caused by proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Patients with diabetes mellitus have higher restenosis rates after coronary angioplasty than nondiabetic patients. Cilostazol, a selective type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is currently used to treat patients with diabetic vascular complications. Cilostazol is a potent antiplatelet agent that inhibits VSMC proliferation. In the present study, we examine whether the antiproliferative effect of cilostazol on VSMCs is mediated by inhibition of an important cell cycle transcription factor, E2F. Cilostazol inhibited the proliferation of human VSMCs in response to high glucose in vitro and virtually abolished neointimal formation in rats subjected to carotid artery injury in vivo. Moreover, the compound suppressed high-glucose-induced E2F-DNA binding activity, and the expression of E2F1, E2F2, cyclin A, and PCNA proteins. These data suggest that the beneficial effects of cilostazol on high-glucose-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs are mediated by the downregulation of E2F activity and expression of its downstream target genes, including E2F1, E2F2, cyclin A, and PCNA.
Kim
Mi-Jung
MJ
Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
Park
Keun-Gyu
KG
Lee
Kyeong-Min
KM
Kim
Hye-Soon
HS
Kim
So-Yeon
SY
Kim
Chun-Soo
CS
Lee
Sang-Lak
SL
Chang
Young-Chae
YC
Park
Joong-Yeol
JY
Lee
Ki-Up
KU
Lee
In-Kyu
IK
D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002404:Catheterization; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000077407:Cilostazol; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; D050703:E2F2 Transcription Factor; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology*; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050684:E2F Transcription Factors; D050687:E2F1 Transcription Factor; C493753:E2F1 protein, human; D050703:E2F2 Transcription Factor; C493761:E2F2 protein, human; C493755:E2f1 protein, rat; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D013777:Tetrazoles; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005576:Colforsin; D015124:8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; D004247:DNA; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000077407:Cilostazol