title: Surgical treatment of non-functioning pancreatic islet cell tumors.
abstract: Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) are rare neoplasms originating from the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) stem cells. Although the majority of PETs are sporadic, they frequently occur in familial syndromes. PETs may cause a variety of functional syndromes or symptoms of local progression if they are non-functional. General neuroendocrine tumor markers are highly sensitive in the diagnostic assessment of a PET. Imaging studies for tumor localization and staging include computer tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), In(111)-octreotide scan, MIBG, and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). Treatment of PETs often requires a multi-modality approach; however, surgical resection remains the only curative therapy for localized (non-metastatic) disease. Treatment of metastatic disease includes biologic agents, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and liver-directed therapies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kouvaraki
authors.forename: Carmen C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Solorzano
authors.forename: Suzanne E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Nancy D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Perrier
authors.forename: Jeffrey E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Douglas B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery*; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; C108825:VBP1 protein, human; D013004:Somatostatin