title: Combined use of an immunomagnetic separation method and immunoblotting for the enumeration and isolation of Escherichia coli O157 in wastewaters.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in environmental samples is a human concern. The high persistence of this serotype in the environment suggests that contaminated animal wastewater could act as a potential reservoir. Nevertheless, the high levels of background microflora and cell damage because of environmental stress hamper the isolation of this pathogen without using enrichment methods. This study develops a method for the detection of E. coli and investigates its prevalence in animal and human wastewaters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incubation of the sample for 1 h 30 min at 37 degrees C in peptone water supplemented with vancomycin and cefsulodin, enhanced the recovery of bacteria whilst ensuring that no growth occurred. Subsequently, a combination of immunomagnetic separation, cefixime-tellurite-sorbitol MacConkey (CT-SMAC) plating and immunoblotting with specific O157 antibodies allowed the detection, enumeration and isolation of E. coli O157 strains in human, swine and cattle wastewaters, which presented values of 0.2, 0.4, and 1.0 log10 ml(-1) units, respectively. Some of the isolates carried genes coding for Shiga toxins, intimin and enterohemolysin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Escherichia coli O157 is commonly present in animal and human wastewaters. The developed method reduced the high rate of false positives reported for other technical approaches.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The confirmation of serotype by specific immunomethods is necessary to prevent false-positive detection and incorrect enumeration.
authors.affiliation: Departament de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Aljaro
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Bonjoch
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Blanch
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting / Q000379:methods; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012722:Sewage; D013552:Swine; D014774:Virulence; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014876:Water Pollution
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012722:Sewage