title: Azithromycin in bronchiolitis obliterans complicating bone marrow transplantation: a preliminary study.
abstract: Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a serious noninfectious pulmonary complication following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, may have a beneficial effect in BO through its anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential effect of azithromycin on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in BO complicating BMT. PFTs of 153 post-BMT patients were followed; eight patients out of 153 (12%) developed obstructive airway disease on their PFTs, along with characteristic findings of BO on high-resolution computed tomography of the chest. These patients were given azithromycin 500 mg q.d. for 3 days, followed by 250 mg three times a week for 12 weeks. Clinically significant improvements were achieved both in forced vital capacity, where the mean (95% confidence interval) increase reported was 410 mL (0.16-0.65), which was an average improvement of 21.57%, and in the forced expiratory volume in one second, where the mean increase noticed was 280 mL (0.10-0.44), which was an average improvement of 20.58%. In conclusion, the potential role of azithromycin in the treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans is intriguing and it warrants further testing.
authors.affiliation: Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. mkhalid@kfshrc.edu.sa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khalid
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Saghir
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saleemi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al Dammas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeitouni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al Mobeireek
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhry
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sahovic
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001989:Bronchiolitis Obliterans / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D017963:Azithromycin