title: Implementation of LOCAL algorithm with near-infrared spectroscopy for compliance assurance in compound feedingstuffs.
abstract: Seven thousand four hundred and twenty-three compound feed samples were used to develop near-infrared (NIR) calibrations for predicting the percentage of each ingredient used in the manufacture of a given compound feedingstuff. Spectra were collected at 2 nm increments using a FOSS NIRSystems 5000 monochromator. The reference data used for each ingredient percentage were those declared in the formula for each feedingstuff. Two chemometric tools for developing NIRS prediction models were compared: the so-called GLOBAL MPLS (modified partial least squares), traditionally used in developing NIRS applications, and the more recently developed calibration strategy known as LOCAL. The LOCAL procedure is designed to select, from a large database, samples with spectra resembling the sample being analyzed. Selected samples are used as calibration sets to develop specific MPLS equations for predicting each unknown sample. For all predicted ingredients, LOCAL calibrations resulted in a significant improvement in both standard error of prediction (SEP) and bias values compared with GLOBAL calibrations. Determination coefficient values (r(2)) also improved using the LOCAL strategy, exceeding 0.90 for most ingredients. Use of the LOCAL algorithm for calibration thus proved valuable in minimizing the errors in NIRS calibration equations for predicting a parameter as complex as the percentage of each ingredient in compound feedingstuffs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, E. T. S. I. A. M., Universidad de Córdoba, Spain. pa2pemad@uco.es
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pérez-Marín
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrido-Varo
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards*; D002138:Calibration / Q000592:standards; D005062:European Union; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000592:standards; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*