title: Minimally invasive femoral nail extraction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Case report about a minimally invasive technique for removal of a femoral antegrade nail (FAN). Femoral nails are introduced by minimally invasive techniques, but are often removed with more invasive surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four cases of young patients are described in whom the femoral nail was removed after consolidation by a minimally invasive extraction technique at the trochanteric site. By using a threaded wire for locating the proximal entrance of the femoral nail followed by reaming over the wire, the entrance of the nail in the trochanteric region is freed. Then the extraction bolt can be placed over the wire and the nail can be extracted through the same incision as it was inserted in, without enlarging the incision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report discusses a technique for minimally invasive femoral nail extraction, not the necessity of removing nails. Leaving out the endcap at the initial operation is the only preoperative condition, since the endcap blocks the entrance of the nail. This operation is done with fluoroscopic guidance. The difficult part is the reaming. The reamer must not be damaged when approaching the nail entrance. This minimally invasive femoral nail extraction technique is applicable for various types of femoral nails.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive extraction of femoral nails is possible and needs more attention. The level of evidence is a level IV case series.
authors.affiliation: Trauma Department, Maxima Medical Center, P.O. Box 90052, 5600 PD Eindhoven, The Netherlands. P.vanEerten@mmc.nl
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: van Eerten
authors.forename: P H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Reemst
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Repelaer van Driel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001858:Bone Nails; D020878:Device Removal / Q000379:methods*; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures