title: Complexed prostate specific antigen density is better than the other PSA derivatives for detection of prostate cancer in men with total PSA between 2.5 and 20 ng/ml: results of a prospective multicenter study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective, multicenter study was initiated to evaluate the diagnostic performance of PSA, free/total PSA (f/tPSA) and complexed PSA (cPSA) with volume-based parameters for early detection of prostate cancer in patients with PSA between 2.5 and 20 ng/ml.
  
  
  METHODS
  408 subjects with serum PSA values between 2.5 and 20 ng/ml regardless of digital rectal examination (DRE) were included in to the study. The diagnostic validity, sensitivity, specificity and cut-off values were evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 408 patients 77 (18.9%) were positive for prostate cancer. Digital rectal examination was non-suspicious in 86% (351/408) of the patients. Area under curve (AUC) values for cPSA were better than PSA and f/tPSA in patients with PSA values of 2.5-10 ng/ml and 4-10 ng/ml, as well as the whole group. Furthermore, on ROC curve analysis cPSAD was the best predictor of prostate cancer for all PSA ranges regardless of the DRE findings except PSA values between 2.5 and 4 ng/ml. The cut-off value of cPSAD at 90% sensitivity was 0.06 ng/ml/cm(3) with a 35.3% specificity saving 126 unnecessary biopsies in the whole group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  cPSA might be a better initial test than PSA for prostate cancer detection and measurement of cPSA alone and its derivatives obviate the need for additional fPSA testing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Gazi University School of Medicine, Kennedy Caddesi 40/4, 06660 Kavaklidere, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sözen
authors.forename: Saadettin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eskicorapci
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Küpeli
authors.forename: Lokman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Irkilata
authors.forename: Mert
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Altinel
authors.forename: Gökhan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ozer
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uygur
authors.forename: Turgut
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alkibay
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014572:Urology / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen