title: Ghrelin activates neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase in pancreatic islet cells while inhibiting insulin release and stimulating glucagon release.
abstract: In view of our previous data, showing that ghrelin and nitric oxide (NO) display apparently parallel effects on insulin secretion (inhibitory) and glucagon secretion (stimulatory), we have now investigated the effect of ghrelin on islet hormone secretion in relation to its effect on NO synthase (NOS) isoenzymes in isolated rat pancreatic islets. Dose-response studies revealed that ghrelin at concentrations of 0.01-1 micromol l-1 inhibited insulin secretion stimulated by 8.3 mmol l-1 glucose, while ghrelin at concentrations lower than the physiological range (0.01 pmol l-1 to 1 nmol l-1) were without effect. In contrast, glucagon secretion was stimulated by 1.0 nmol l-1 to 1 micromol l-1 ghrelin. These effects of ghrelin on insulin and glucagon secretion were accompanied by increased NO production through activation of neuronal constitutive NOS (ncNOS). Ghrelin had no appreciable effect on the activity of inducible NOS (iNOS) in the islets. Addition of an NO scavenger (cPTIO) or the NOS inhibitor L-NAME to the incubation medium prevented the effects of ghrelin on hormone secretion from isolated islets. The present results confirm our previous data showing that ghrelin inhibits insulin and stimulates glucagon secretion from pancreatic islets of the mouse and we now show similar effects in rat islets. The effects of ghrelin were accompanied by an increased rate of NO production. Conceivably, ncNOS activation partly accounts for to the inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin secretion and the stimulatory effect of ghrelin on glucagon secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Saleem S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Qader
authors.forename: Ingmar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lundquist
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ekelund
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Håkanson
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salehi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D005934:Glucagon; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester