title: Synthesis, in vitro, reactivity, and identification of 6-phenyl-3-hexen-2-one in human urine after kava-kava (Piper methysticum) ingestion.
abstract: This study describes the synthesis of 6 -phenyl-3-hexen-2-one, a proposed metabolite of kava-kava (kava, 'Awa, Yaqona, Piper methysticum Forst.), its reactivity with glutathione in vitro, and its isolation and identification, as its mercapturic acid adduct using LC/MS/MS, in the urine of two human subjects following their ingestion of kava. A possible metabolic pathway for the formation of this metabolite and its possible role in hepatotoxicity are also discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Lihong
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zou
authors.forename: Martha R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Harkey
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001628:Beverages; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D020901:Kava; D007783:Lactones / Q000652:urine*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D018517:Plant Roots
chemical_list: D007783:Lactones; D010936:Plant Extracts