title: Is the presence of urinary indolyl-3-acryloylglycine associated with autism spectrum disorder?
abstract: To test whether the presence of indolyl-3-acryloylglycine (IAG) is associated with autism, we analyzed urine from population-based, blinded cohorts. All children in York, UK with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), diagnosed using ICD-10 research diagnostic criteria, were invited to participate. Fifty-six children on the autism spectrum (mean age 9y 8mo, SD 3y 8mo; 79% male) agreed to participate, as did 155 children without ASDs (mean age 10y, SD 3y 2mo; 54% male) in mainstream and special schools (56 of whom were age-, sex-, and school-matched to children with ASDs). IAG was found at similar levels in the urine of all children, whether IAG concentrations or IAG:creatinine ratios were compared. There was no significant difference between the ASD and the comparison group, and no difference between children at mainstream schools and those at special schools. There is no association between presence of IAG in urine and autism; therefore, it is unlikely to be of help either diagnostically or as a basis for recommending therapeutic intervention with dietary manipulation. The significance of the presence of IAG in urine has yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, University of York, Limetrees, Shipton Road, York YO30 5RF, UK. Barry.Wright@sypct.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Andrzej Marek
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Brzozowski
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Farnworth
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Goodall
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: Gregg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Imrie
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Town
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004519:Education, Special; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D008282:Mainstreaming, Education; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012016:Reference Values; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: C001807:indolylacryloylglycine; D005998:Glycine