title: Inactivation of TGFbeta signaling in neural crest stem cells leads to multiple defects reminiscent of DiGeorge syndrome.
abstract: Specific inactivation of TGFbeta signaling in neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) results in cardiovascular defects and thymic, parathyroid, and craniofacial anomalies. All these malformations characterize DiGeorge syndrome, the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans. Consistent with a role of TGFbeta in promoting non-neural lineages in NCSCs, mutant neural crest cells migrate into the pharyngeal apparatus but are unable to acquire non-neural cell fates. Moreover, in neural crest cells, TGFbeta signaling is both sufficient and required for phosphorylation of CrkL, a signal adaptor protein implicated in the development of DiGeorge syndrome. Thus, TGFbeta signal modulation in neural crest differentiation might play a crucial role in the etiology of DiGeorge syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Hönggerberg, Zurich, CH-8093, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wurdak
authors.forename: Lars M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ittner
authors.forename: Karl S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leveen
authors.forename: Ueli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.forename: Jan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Born
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004062:DiGeorge Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C082869:CRKL protein; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
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