title: CD4+ T cells and toll-like receptors recognize Salmonella antigens expressed in bacterial surface organelles.
abstract: A better understanding of immunity to infection is revealed from the characteristics of microbial ligands recognized by host immune responses. Murine infection with the intracellular bacterium Salmonella generates CD4+ T cells that specifically recognize Salmonella proteins expressed in bacterial surface organelles such as flagella and membrane vesicles. These natural Salmonella antigens are also ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or avidly associated with TLR ligands such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PhoP/PhoQ, a regulon controlling Salmonella virulence and remodeling of LPS to resist innate immunity, coordinately represses production of surface-exposed antigens recognized by CD4+ T cells and TLRs. These data suggest that genetically coordinated surface modifications may provide a growth advantage for Salmonella in host tissues by limiting both innate and adaptive immune recognition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Mailstop 357110, 1959 NE Pacific Ave., Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Molly A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bergman
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Sara L Rassoulian
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: Kelly D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J Cano
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aderem
authors.forename: Brad T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Cookson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005407:Flagella / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008024:Ligands; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015388:Organelles / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C079792:PhoQ protein, Bacteria; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C061064:PhoP protein, Bacteria
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