title: Volume cerebral blood flow reduction in pre-clinical stage of Alzheimer disease: evidence from an ultrasonographic study.
abstract: The association of decreased cerebral blood flow with the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been a recent target of interest. By using neuroimaging techniques, growing attention has been devoted to the identification of preclinical AD. In this study, color duplex sonography of cervical arteries was used to measure mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) on 55 amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients. Two years after enrollment, excluding patients who progressed to dementia other than AD, two subgroups were identified, patients who developed AD (MCI converters) and patients with preserved cognitive and functional level (MCI non-converters). Examining the mean difference of CBF measured at baseline in the two subgroups obtained, a significant difference was noticed (MCI converters 539.3 +/- 114.3 vs MCI non converters 636.0 +/- 143.9, p < 0.05). MCI patients with CBF higher than median value (558 ml/min) had lower risk of developing AD (specificity 72.2%, sensitivity 68.4%) within a two year follow-up. Ultrasonography of the cervical arteries is a simple, non invasive and widespread technique useful in detecting CBF decline during the MCI stage, thus identifying patients who later will convert to AD.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurological Sciences, University of Brescia, P.za Spedali Civili, 1, 25100 Brescia, Italy. maakna@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nabil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Maalikjy Akkawi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Borroni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agosti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Magoni
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Broli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pezzini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Padovani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000523:psychology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014463:Ultrasonography
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Sep 11;98 (19):10966-71
references.pmid: 11526211
references.citation: Stroke. 1994 Jan;25(1):17-22
references.pmid: 8266366
references.citation: Acta Neuropathol. 1999 Jul;98(1):1-8
references.pmid: 10412794
references.citation: Stroke. 2002 Apr;33(4):1152-62
references.pmid: 11935076
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1992 Dec;55(12 ):1182-7
references.pmid: 1479398
references.citation: Stroke. 1993 Feb;24(2):228-35
references.pmid: 8421824
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1996 May;16(3):523-31
references.pmid: 8621758
references.citation: Neurology. 1996 Aug;47(2):454-61
references.pmid: 8757020
references.citation: Neurol Res. 2004 Jul;26(5):496-501
references.pmid: 15265266
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2001 Mar 26;12 (4):851-5
references.pmid: 11277595
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 1999 Mar;56(3):303-8
references.pmid: 10190820
references.citation: Neurobiol Aging. 2001 Jul-Aug;22(4):529-39
references.pmid: 11445252
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1997 Sep 26;826:447-51
references.pmid: 9329721
references.citation: Lancet. 1999 Dec 18-25;354(9196):2137
references.pmid: 10609827
references.citation: Nature. 1996 Mar 14;380(6570):168-71
references.pmid: 8600393
references.citation: Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000 Apr;903:424-36
references.pmid: 10818533
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 2003 Dec;60(12):1740-4
references.pmid: 14676049
references.citation: Neurology. 1998 Jun;50(6):1563-71
references.pmid: 9633695
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Aug 15;56(4):279-83
references.pmid: 15312816
references.citation: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2003;16(3):163-9
references.pmid: 12826743
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;66(2):228-32
references.pmid: 10071106
references.citation: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1996 Sep;16(5):827-33
references.pmid: 8784227
references.citation: Eur J Nucl Med. 1997 Jun;24(6):670-3
references.pmid: 9169576
references.citation: J Nucl Med. 1988 Oct;29(10 ):1621-6
references.pmid: 3262723
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2003 Jul;19(3):1137-44
references.pmid: 12880839
references.citation: Stroke. 2000 Jan;31(1):147-50
references.pmid: 10625730
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 2001 Mar;58(3):397-405
references.pmid: 11255443
references.citation: Neurobiol Aging. 2000 Mar-Apr;21(2):289-92
references.pmid: 10867213
references.citation: Neurology. 1984 Jul;34(7):939-44
references.pmid: 6610841
references.citation: Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004 Apr;19(4):313-9
references.pmid: 15065223