title: Nuclear survivin predicts recurrence and poor survival in patients with resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survivin, which is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein gene family, regulates both programmed cell death and mitosis. It has been shown that survivin expression and its subcellular localization both have prognostic value for patients with malignant disease. In this study, the authors investigated whether nuclear or cytoplasmic staining of survivin was a prognostic marker for patients with lung carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 144 patients with Stage I and II resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) were obtained for immunohistochemical staining. Three specimens from each patient were prepared and stained with a survivin-specific antibody. Nuclear and cytoplasmic staining was graded from 1 to 3 based on intensity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who had nuclear staining for survivin had a significantly increased risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.95; P = 0.0046) and death (hazard ratio, 2.74; P = 0.0086).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The nuclear presence of survivin may be an independent biomarker for disease recurrence and overall survival in patients with resected Stage I and II NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Eric T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Pierre P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Massion
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Freyer
authors.forename: Sandra J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Jeremiah J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Dennis E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hallahan
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000077022:Survivin