title: Improved first-trimester Down syndrome screening performance by lowering the false-positive rate: a prospective study of 9941 low-risk women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the performance of screening for Down syndrome (DS) and other major chromosomal abnormalities using nuchal translucency (NT), free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in a prospective study of a non-selected population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 9941 women with an early ultrasound examination, NT was measured in 8622 singleton pregnancies with a gestational age between 10 + 3 and 13 + 6 weeks. beta-hCG and PAPP-A were analyzed in 6441 cases. Detection rates (DR) and false-positive rates (FPR) for the NT screening, the double test (beta-hCG and PAPP-A) and the combined test (NT and the double test) were calculated using a 1 : 250 cut-off.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NT could be measured in 97.5% of cases. The DR for DS with NT screening alone was 75% with a FPR of only 1.8%. The double test detected 73% and the combined test 91%, for FPRs of 8.8% and 2.1%, respectively. We detected 80% of fetuses with other major chromosomal abnormalities with a combination of NT screening and other ultrasound findings. Low beta-hCG and PAPP-A values (below 0.4 MoM) were observed in 0.5% of the women including all cases of triploidy and trisomy 18 and 13.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The performance of a screening strategy for DS using a combination of NT and the double test was superior to that using either NT or the double test alone due to a very low FPR and a higher DR.
authors.affiliation: Copenhagen University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. kwojde@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Wøjdemann
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Shalmi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: S O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brocks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bang
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nørgaard-Pedersen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tabor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood; D025063:Chromosome Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D048208:Nuchal Translucency Measurement; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000032:analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A