title: A multicenter Phase II study of bortezomib in recurrent or metastatic sarcomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Based on evidence of activity in preclinical and Phase I studies, the authors undertook a study of bortezomib, a reversible proteasome inhibitor, for patients with metastatic sarcomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two arms were opened, each using a Simon two-stage design. Arm A included patients with osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Arm B accrued patients with other types of soft tissue sarcomas. Patients were not allowed to have received previous chemotherapy for metastatic disease. The initial dose of bortezomib was a 1.5 mg/m2 intravenous push twice weekly followed by a rest week. The dose was escalated to 1.7 mg/m2 if patients tolerated Cycle 1 well. The dose escalation was eliminated due to toxicity observed in the first six patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Painful neuropathy, myalgias, and asthenia were the most significant observed toxicities. The most frequent toxicities included fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, and nausea. Pharmacodynamic data from 18 patients with complete data collection did not show consistent differences between patients with or without Grade 2 or Grade 3 neuropathy (toxicity graded according the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria). Arm A had low accrual and was closed. One confirmed partial response among 21 evaluable patients was observed on Arm B in a patient with leiomyosarcoma. Due to the inactivity of this agent, the study was closed after the first stage of accrual.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bortezomib has minimal activity in soft tissue sarcoma as a single agent. If studied further in sarcomas, bortezomib should be investigated in combination with agents with demonstrated preclinical synergy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021-6007, USA. makir@mskcc.org
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Scheu
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wadler
authors.forename: Cristina R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Antonescu
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Gary K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001897:Boronic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069286:Bortezomib; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005221:Fatigue / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D001897:Boronic Acids; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D011719:Pyrazines; D000069286:Bortezomib