title: Incidence and diagnosis of anosognosia for hemiparesis revisited.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In previous studies, the incidence of anosognosia for hemiparesis has varied between 17% and 58% in samples of brain damaged patients with hemiparesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether this wide variation might be explained by the different criteria used for diagnosing anosognosia.
  
  
  METHODS
  128 acute stroke patients with hemiparesis or hemiplegia were tested for anosognosia for hemiparesis using the anosognosia scale of Bisiach et al.
  
  
  RESULTS
  94% of the patients who were rated as having "mild anosognosia"-that is, they did not acknowledge their hemiparesis spontaneously following a general question about their complaints-suffered from, and mentioned, other neurological deficits such as dysarthria, ptosis, or headache. However, they immediately acknowledged their paresis when they were asked about the strength of their limbs. Their other deficits clearly had a greater impact. These patients had significantly milder paresis than those who denied their disorder even when asked directly about their limbs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients who do not mention their paresis spontaneously but do so when questioned about it directly should not be diagnosed having "anosognosia." If this more conservative cut off criterion is applied to the data of the present as well as previous studies, a frequency of between 10% and 18% for anosognosia for hemiparesis is obtained in unselected samples of acute hemiparetic stroke patients. The incidence thus seems smaller than previously assumed.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baier
authors.forename: H-O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Karnath
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000377:Agnosia; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D010291:Paresis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications*
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