title: Two pathways converge at CED-10 to mediate actin rearrangement and corpse removal in C. elegans.
abstract: The removal of apoptotic cells is essential for the physiological well being of the organism. In Caenorhabditis elegans, two conserved, partially redundant genetic pathways regulate this process. In the first pathway, the proteins CED-2, CED-5 and CED-12 (mammalian homologues CrkII, Dock180 and ELMO, respectively) function to activate CED-10 (Rac1). In the second group, the candidate receptor CED-1 (CD91/LRP/SREC) probably recognizes an unknown ligand on the apoptotic cell and signals via its cytoplasmic tail to the adaptor protein CED-6 (hCED-6/GULP), whereas CED-7 (ABCA1) is thought to play a role in membrane dynamics. Molecular understanding of how the second pathway promotes engulfment of the apoptotic cell is lacking. Here, we show that CED-1, CED-6 and CED-7 are required for actin reorganization around the apoptotic cell corpse, and that CED-1 and CED-6 colocalize with each other and with actin around the dead cell. Furthermore, we find that the CED-10(Rac) GTPase acts genetically downstream of these proteins to mediate corpse removal, functionally linking the two engulfment pathways and identifying the CED-1, -6 and -7 signalling module as upstream regulators of Rac activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11743, USA.
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kinchen
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klingele
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feichtinger
authors.forename: Heinke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schnabel
authors.forename: Michael O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Hengartner
mesh_terms: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012734:Disorders of Sex Development; D005838:Genotype; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D000199:Actins; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C407268:CED-10 protein, C elegans; C112888:CED-6 protein, C elegans; C112887:CED-7 protein, C elegans; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C422043:ced-1 protein, C elegans; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins