title: Molecular phylogeny of Vipera Laurenti, 1768 and the related genera Macrovipera (Reuss, 1927) and Daboia (Gray, 1842), with comments about neurotoxic Vipera aspis aspis populations.
abstract: We used mtDNA sequences (cytochrome b and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) to reconstruct molecular phylogenies of Vipera sensu lato, Vipera sensu stricto, and Vipera aspis. Three major clades were identified within the Vipera s.l. group: (1) the European vipers, (2) the oriental vipers, consisting of Montivipera (Vipera 2) plus Macrovipera lebetina, and (3) a group of Asian and North African vipers consisting of Daboia russelii, V. palaestinae, and Macrovipera mauritanica. We also distinguished three clades within the monophyletic European Vipera group: V. ammodytes, V. aspis, and V. latastei, and Pelias with monophyly of Vipera 1 uncertain. Within V. aspis, the specimens collected in France formed the sister group of an Italian clade. The "neurotoxic" French population of V. aspis, which has a specific venom profile, separated from other French V. aspis early in the history of this group.
authors.affiliation: Unité Insectes et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France. afaillou@pasteur.fr
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Garrigues
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dauga
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferquel
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Choumet
authors.forename: Anna-Bella
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Failloux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity; D017819:Viperidae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial