title: Inhibition of proliferation, migration, and matrix metalloprotease production in malignant mesothelioma cells by tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
abstract: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed in a variety of human solid tumors, including malignant mesothelioma. EGFR has been implicated in regulation of cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis, making it an ideal target for drug development. ZD1839 (gefitinib) and OSI-774 (erlotinib) are new, low-molecular-weight, EGFR-selective tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors, whereas CI-1033 is a pan-EGFR family TK inhibitor. In the present study, we used ZD1839, OSI-774, and CI-1033 and investigated the effect of these drugs on proliferation, migration, and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) production in three malignant mesothelioma cell lines (M14K, ZL34, and SPC212). Using [3H]thymidine incorporation, DNA synthesis assay, we found that all three drugs inhibited transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha)-induced cellular proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, all three drugs induced apoptosis in ZL34 cells as determined by flow cytometry using annexin-V staining. Furthermore, all three drugs inhibited TGF-alpha-induced cell migration (chemotaxis) in a dose-dependent manner as determined by Boyden chamber assay. TGF-alpha-induced MMP-9 production was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner as determined by gelatin zymography in three cell lines tested. In conclusion, our study demonstrates inhibitory effectiveness of EGFR-TK inhibitors in malignant mesothelioma cells and suggests that these drugs may be an effective treatment strategy for malignant mesothelioma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institute at Huddinge University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden. zhiwen.liu@labmed.ki.se
authors.forename: Zhiwen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Julius
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klominek
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases
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