title: Cholecystokinin A receptor gene promoter polymorphism and intelligence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the association between Cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR) genotypes and intelligence in community-living men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 2251 community-dwelling Japanese men and women aged 40 to 79 years. The CCKAR gene promoter polymorphisms A-81G and G-128T were determined. Intelligence was assessed by Japanese Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales - Revised Short Forms (JWAIS-R SF). The difference in intelligence between wild type and mutation was tested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no subjects with AA/GT, AA/TT, or AG/TT genotypic combinations. Both A-81G and G-128T genotypes were related to intelligence quotient (IQ) estimated by JWAIS-R SF. The mean and SE of IQ levels of subjects with the wild-type allele and the mutation allele at nucleotide -128 were 103.4 +/- 0.3 and 101.6 +/- 0.6, respectively. There was a significant difference in IQ for G-128T (p=0.008). The difference in IQ for A-81G was also significant (p=0.011). The IQ level was 103.6 +/- 0.4 in the subjects with the wild-type allele and 102.0 +/- 0.5 in the subjects with the mutation. Differences in IQ levels by haplotypes for combinations of A-81G/G-128T were examined. IQ significantly decreased with an increasing number of mutation alleles (p=0.018).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were statistically significant differences in IQ for CCKAR gene promoter polymorphisms A-81G and G-128T in community-living Japanese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Obu Aichi, Japan. hiroshi@nils.go.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimokata
authors.forename: Fujiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Naoakira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niino
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyasaka
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Funakoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000235:genetics*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D043886:Receptor, Cholecystokinin A / Q000235:genetics*; D012042:Registries; D014888:Wechsler Scales
chemical_list: D043886:Receptor, Cholecystokinin A