title: Smoking practices in New York City: the use of a population-based survey to guide policy-making and programming.
abstract: To inform New York City's (NYC's) tobacco control program, we identified the neighborhoods with the highest smoking rates, estimated the burden of second-hand smoke exposure, assessed the early response to state taxation, and examined cessation practices. We used a stratified random design to conduct a digit-dialed telephone survey in 2002 among 9,674 New York City adults. Our main outcome measures included prevalence of cigarette smoking, exposure to second-hand smoke, the response of smokers to state tax increases, and cessation practices. Even after controlling for sociodemographic factors (age, race/ethnicity, income, education, marital status, employment status, and foreign-born status) smoking rates were highest in Central Harlem and in the South Bronx. Sixteen percent of nonsmokers reported frequent exposure to second-hand smoke at home or in a workplace. Among smokers with a child with asthma, only 33% reported having a no-smoking policy in their homes. More than one fifth of smokers reported reducing the number of cigarettes they smoked in response to the state tax increase. Of current smokers who tried to quit, 65% used no cessation aid. These data were used to inform New York City's smoke-free legislation, taxation, public education, and a free nicotine patch give-away program. In conclusion, large, local surveys can provide essential data to effectively advocate for, plan, implement, and evaluate a comprehensive tobacco control program.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Epidemiology Services, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY 10013, USA. fmostash@health.nyc.gov
authors.forename: Farzad
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mostashari
authors.forename: Bonnie D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Kerker
authors.forename: Anjum
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hajat
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Frieden
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011049:Social Control Policies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013660:Taxes / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000191:economics / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution
references.citation: JAMA. 2000 Aug 9;284(6):717-22
references.pmid: 10927780
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 2000 Dec 14;343(24):1772-7
references.pmid: 11114317
references.citation: Am J Prev Med. 2001 Feb;20(2 Suppl):16-66
references.pmid: 11173215
references.citation: Soz Praventivmed. 2001;46 Suppl 1:S3-42
references.pmid: 11851091
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002 Apr 12;51(14):300-3
references.pmid: 12002168
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2002 Jun;92(6):961-5
references.pmid: 12036790
references.citation: Thorax. 2003 Jun;58(6):484-8
references.pmid: 12775857
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2003 Dec;93(12):2055-60
references.pmid: 14652334
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 2004 Feb;94(2):205-10
references.pmid: 14759928
references.citation: Tob Control. 2004 Mar;13(1):23-8
references.pmid: 14985591
references.citation: J Clin Epidemiol. 1993 Jun;46(6):561-71
references.pmid: 8501483
references.citation: BMJ. 1996 Jul 27;313(7051):195-8
references.pmid: 8696194
references.citation: BMJ. 1997 Oct 18;315(7114):973-80
references.pmid: 9365294
references.citation: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998 Jul 31;47(29):605-9
references.pmid: 9699809
references.citation: Am J Public Health. 1998 Sep;88(9):1389-91
references.pmid: 9736885