title: Outcome of root canal treatment using Thermafil and cold lateral condensation filling techniques.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcome of root canal treatment (RCT) using either Thermafil (TF) or lateral condensation (LC) as filling technique, and to compare the time required for the treatment when either filling technique was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study involved all patients attending the dental clinic of a university in Hong Kong who required primary, nonsurgical RCT. It was a prospective clinical trial involving 85 teeth in 79 patients aged 15-69 years (mean 48 +/- 12 years), which required root treatment and finally filling with either TF or LC by one of four dentists following a standard treatment protocol. The time used for the entire course of treatment was recorded. The treated teeth were examined both clinically and radiographically 3 years after the treatment by a single examiner who did not know their group assignment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 85 teeth from 79 patients were included in this study and 71 teeth from 64 patients were examined after 3 years. Thirty-four teeth were root filled with LC and 37 with TF. The overall attrition rate was 16% (14/85). There were 22 incisors and canines, 21 premolars and 28 molars for evaluation. Post-treatment disease with clinical symptoms and/or radiographic radiolucency was observed in seven teeth (21%) of the LC group and in seven teeth (19%) in the TF group. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) for the presence of disease between the two groups. It was found that irrespective of the filling method used, teeth later restored with extracoronal restorations had a lower association with disease than those receiving intracoronal restorations (7% vs. 30%; P = 0.037). RCT took, on average, 20 min less when TF was used for filling compared with LC (98 min vs. 78 min, P = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using TF or LC in the filling of root canals did not result in significant difference in the clinical treatment outcome. TF consumed significantly less time than LC. The type of postendodontic restoration had a significant association with the presence of post-treatment disease.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. chchu@hkucc.hku.hk
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: E C M
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: G S P
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D017050:Episode of Care; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D019228:Tooth Crown; D016896:Treatment Outcome