Acquisition of differential delay eyeblink classical conditioning is independent of awareness.
There has been debate about whether differential delay eyeblink conditioning can be acquired without awareness of the stimulus contingencies. In 4 experiments, the authors reexamined this question. Older participants were tested with a tone and white noise (Experiment 1) or with 2 tones (Experiment 2). In addition, younger participants were tested with 2 tones (Experiment 3) or with 2 tones plus the parameters from an earlier study that had reported a relationship between conditioning and awareness (Experiment 4). Participants who were designated aware of the stimulus contingencies and participants who were designated unaware exhibited equivalent levels of differential eyeblink conditioning. Awareness of stimulus contingencies is not required for differential delay eyeblink conditioning when simple conditioned stimuli are used.
Smith
Christine N
CN
Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
Clark
Robert E
RE
Manns
Joseph R
JR
Squire
Larry R
LR
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001288:Attention; D001767:Blinking; D003214:Conditioning, Classical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D012055:Reinforcement Schedule
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