title: Frequent silencing of DBC1 is by genetic or epigenetic mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancers.
abstract: Genome-wide screening of DNA copy number aberrations in 27 cell lines derived from non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), using a custom-made comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)-array, identified a homozygous deletion of the deleted in bladder cancer 1 gene (DBC1) in one cell line. Homozygous deletion of DBC1, located at 9q33.1, was also observed in two of 53 primary NSCLC tumors examined. Moreover, 21 of the other 26 cell lines showed complete loss of DBC1 expression, although normal lung tissues express this gene, and treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored expression of DBC1. Hypermethylation in part of a CpG island around the exon 1 of DBC1 has been reported in urothelial cancers, but the potential association between methylation and expression status was never clarified in that disease. In our experiments, a different part of the same CpG island showed promoter activity in vitro and was frequently methylated in our cell lines and primary tumors of NSCLC, where methylation status correlated inversely with gene expression. Among our primary NSCLC cases, methylation of the DBC1 promoter occurred more frequently in men, elderly patients and smokers than in women, younger patients and nonsmokers respectively, but it was not correlated with tumor stage or histology. Exogenous overexpression of DBC1 in NSCLC cell lines lacking its expression inhibited cell growth. Our results provide the first evidence that DBC1 is a likely tumor suppressor for NSCLC; silencing of the gene through homozygous deletion or methylation of its promoter region may be associated with progression of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Sana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Tatsuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunamori
authors.forename: Setsuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.forename: Johji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inazawa
authors.forename: Issei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; D018899:CpG Islands; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D019175:DNA Methylation; D000077209:Decitabine; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; C112308:BRINP1 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000077209:Decitabine; D004247:DNA; D001374:Azacitidine