title: Subthalamic stimulation activates internal pallidus: evidence from cGMP microdialysis in PD patients.
abstract: Parkinson's disease patients benefit from deep brain stimulation (DBS) in subthalamic nucleus (STN), but the basis for this effect is still disputed. In this intraoperative microdialysis study, we found elevated cGMP extracellular concentrations in the internal segment of the globus pallidus, despite negligible changes in glutamate levels, during a clinically effective STN-DBS. This supports the view that a clinically beneficial effect of STN-DBS is paralleled by an augmentation (and not an inactivation) of the STN output onto the GPi.
authors.affiliation: Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carrattere Scientificio (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fedele
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galati
authors.forename: Olimpia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pepicelli
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frasca
authors.forename: Mariangela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pierantozzi
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peppe
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brusa
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orlacchio
authors.forename: Atticus H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hainsworth
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gattoni
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stanzione
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raiteri
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mazzone
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D003956:Dialysis / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D006152:Cyclic GMP