title: Dialysis in Barbados: the cost of hemodialysis provision at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the health service cost of hemodialysis delivered at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in St. Michael, Barbados.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cost analysis was performed from the viewpoint of the tertiary hospital studied here, using treatment protocols based on current practice for establishing vascular access sites (surgical set-up) and dialysis maintenance. Cost and patient data were collected for the period from 1 April 1998 to 31 March 1999. Sixty-four patients were studied and a total of 7 488 hemodialysis sessions were performed in the study period. The costs analyzed were personnel, drug expenditure, supplies (dialysis and nondialysis), inpatient costs, laboratory and other ancillary services, and indirect or overhead costs such as engineering, housekeeping, laundry and administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cost per hemodialysis treatment was calculated as US$ 156.64 in the first year and US$ 145.55 in subsequent years. The total cost per patient per year was US$ 18 327.22 in the first year of dialysis including surgical set-up, and US$ 17 029.54 thereafter. Direct costs (determined by patients' utilization of resources and labor costs for physicians and nurses) contributed to 80.7% of the total cost. The main expenditures were dialysis-related supplies, labor and overheads.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings are important in the light of limited economic resources available to health services in Caribbean countries coupled with the spiraling prevalence of kidney failure in these countries. Further analyses are recommended to review the provision of renal replacement therapy services in Barbados and to develop plans to expand and optimize services.
authors.affiliation: Chronic Disease Research Centre, School of Clinical Medicine and Research, University of the West Indies, St. Michael, Barbados. sadomakoh@uwichill.edu.bb
authors.forename: Sara A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Adomakoh
authors.forename: Chudi N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Adi
authors.forename: Henry S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D001460:Barbados; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006801:Humans; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics*; D013997:Time Factors