title: Pathobiology of brain metastases.
abstract: Brain metastasis is a major cause of systemic cancer morbidity and mortality. Many factors participate in the development and maintenance of brain metastases. The survival of the metastasis depends upon crucial interactions between tumour cells and the brain microenvironment during its development at the new site. This review focuses on the pathobiological mechanisms involved in the establishment and regulation of brain metastases. Developments in molecular biology have vastly expanded our knowledge about the mechanisms of invasion, proliferation, metastatic cell signalling, and angiogenesis in brain metastases. Advances in this understanding of the pathobiology of brain metastasis may lead to novel targeted treatment paradigms and a better prognosis for patients with brain metastatic disease.
authors.affiliation: Brain Tumor Institute, Taussig Cancer Center and Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44122, USA.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nathoo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chahlavi
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Toms
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000502:physiology; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human
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