title: Detection of putative peptide synthetase genes in Trichoderma species: application of this method to the cloning of a gene from T. harzianum CECT 2413.
abstract: Some of the secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma, such as the peptaibols and other antibiotics, have a peptide structure and in their biosynthesis are involved proteins belonging to the Non-Ribosomal Peptide Synthetase family. In the present work, a PCR-mediated strategy was used to clone a region corresponding to an adenylation domain of a peptide synthetase (PS) gene from 10 different strains of Trichoderma. In addition, and using the fragment isolated by PCR from T. harzianum CECT 2413 as a probe, a fragment of 19.0 kb corresponding to a PS-encoding gene named salps1, including a 1.5 kb fragment of the promoter, was cloned and sequenced. The cloned region of salps1 contains four complete, and a fifth incomplete, modules, in which are found the adenylation, thiolation and condensation domains, but also an additional epimerization domain at the C-terminal end of the first module. The analysis of the Salps1 protein sequence, taking into consideration published data, suggests that it is neither a peptaibol synthetase nor a protein involved in siderophore biosynthesis. The presence of two breaks in the open reading frame and the expression of this gene under nitrogen starvation conditions suggest that salps1 could be a pseudogene.
authors.affiliation: Spanish-Portuguese Center of Agricultural Research (CIALE), Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental lab 208, Plaza Doctores de la Reina s/n, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vizcaíno
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Cardoza
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monte
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011544:Pseudogenes; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014242:Trichoderma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal; D010453:Peptide Synthases