title: The environmental safety of eprinomectin to earthworms.
abstract: A study was conducted to assess the environmental safety of the endectocide eprinomectin to the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris under conditions mimicking typical product use on pasture. The LC50 value of eprinomectin in artificial soil after 28 days of exposure is higher than the levels expected in feces from dosed cattle or in soil fertilized with manure from dosed cattle, which indicates a wide margin of safety for this compound to earthworms. However, the no-observed-effect concentration has not been established. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine whether there would be any effects on earthworms from feces from cattle treated with the commercial formulation of eprinomectin. Feces were collected rectally from grazing cattle on Day 0 before treatment and on Days 2, 4, 7 and 14 after treatment with EPRINEX (eprinomectin) Pour-On for Beef and Dairy Cattle (Merial Limited) at 0.5 mg eprinomectin per kg bodyweight. Assays of eprinomectin B1a (the major component of eprinomectin) were 0, 0.427, 0.152, 0.0512 and 0.00185 mg kg-1 wet weight of feces (equivalent to 0, 3.34, 1.19, 0.40 and 0.010 mg kg-1 on a dry weight basis, respectively). No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed at any day post-treatment in the survival or behavioral effects of any worms fed post-dose feces relative to the worms fed control feces. All post-dose comparisons of weight changes of living earthworms to the control group were not significantly different (p>0.05), indicating that treatment of cattle with EPRINEX (eprinomectin) Pour-On for Beef and Dairy Cattle did not affect feeding or weight gain of the earthworms. The LC50 value and the results of this study establish the wide margin of safety afforded to earthworms by eprinomectin under typical usage conditions.
authors.affiliation: Merial Limited, R&D Center, 631 Route 1 South, North Brunswick, NJ 08902-3390, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Halley
authors.forename: Renate
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Marley
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rehbein
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D007559:Ivermectin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000517:prevention & control; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000187:drug effects*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D007559:Ivermectin; C101434:eprinomectin