title: Long-term recurrence rate after treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents in Estonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori infection is common in Estonia: 87% of adults and 56% of children aged 9-15 years have been found to be H. pylori seropositive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term recurrence rate after treatment in children and adolescents in a setting of high H. pylori prevalence.
  
  
  METHODS
  All children (n = 27) who underwent gastroscopy at the Children's Clinic of Tartu University Clinics during 1993--95 and in whom H. pylori infection was verified by histological examination and rapid urease test and who had completed a treatment course against H. pylori infection were invited for a post-treatment follow-up endoscopy 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy (1st follow-up visit) and to the follow-up control by [13C]-urea breath test in 1997 (2nd follow-up visit) and 2002 (3rd follow-up visit).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recurrence of H. pylori infection occurred in I patient out of 16 at the 2nd follow-up visit (mean 17.8+/-7.1 months after treatment), and in 5 patients out of 15 at the 3rd follow-up visit (mean 6.6+/-0.9 years after treatment). The recurrence rate calculated for the period between the 1st and the 2nd follow-up visits was 4.2% per patient-year, and between the 2nd and the 3rd follow-up visits the rate was 7.6% (95% CI 2.5%-17.6%) per patient-year. The recurrence rate calculated for the whole follow-up period was 6.7% (95% CI 2.5%-14.5%) per patient-year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The post-treatment recurrence rate of H. pylori infection in children and adolescents is higher in Estonia than in low prevalence settings.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Polyclinic and Family Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. marje.oona@ut.ee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oona
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rägo
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Maaroos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004957:Estonia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D008795:Metronidazole; D000658:Amoxicillin; C002791:bismuth tripotassium dicitrate