title: Association of C-509T and T869C polymorphisms of transforming growth factor-beta1 gene with susceptibility to and progression of IgA nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 is a cytokine with both beneficial anti-inflammatory effects and detrimental profibrotic activity in the pathophysiology and progression of glomerulonephritides. The transcriptional activity of the gene for TGF-beta1 and the plasma levels of TGF-beta1 protein are associated with C-509T polymorphism at the promoter region, and with T869C (Leu 10Pro) polymorphism at codon 10, of the TGF-beta1 gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using PCR-RFLP and the amplification refractory mutation system PCR, we investigated the C-509T and T869C polymorphisms, respectively, to elucidate whether allele frequency differences exist between IgA nephropathy (IgAN) patients who were followed up for at least 3 years (n = 108) and a normal population (n = 55). We also determined the correlations between the TGF-beta1 polymorphisms and the progression of IgAN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In C-509T polymorphism, there were significant differences in genotype frequency between IgAN patients and normal controls (CC: CT: TT, 20:29:33 vs. 11:31:13, chi2 = 6.299, p = 0.043). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the patients with TT genotype showed a poorer renal survival than those with CC + CT genotypes (p = 0.042). In T869C polymorphism, there were also significant differences in genotype frequency between IgAN patients and normal controls (TT : TC : CC, 4 : 79 : 25 vs. 0 : 52 : 2, chi2 = 12.552, p = 0.002). The initial serum creatinine (Scr) level was higher in the patients with CC genotype than in those with TT + TC genotypes. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the patients with CC genotype showed a poorer renal survival than those with TT + TC genotypes, but not to a statistically significant extent (p = 0.076). In the combined survival analyses, the high TGF-beta1 producer group showed a poor renal survival rate (p = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to normal population, the frequencies of genotypes producing high TGF-beta1 protein were higher in IgAN patients. Moreover, patients with genotypes producing high TGF-beta1 plasma levels showed a poor renal survival rate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul, Korea. cslimjy@snu.ac.kr
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Y S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Chae
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D003062:Codon; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1