title: Rural Indian tribal communities: an emerging high-risk group for HIV/AIDS.
abstract: BACKGROUND: Rural Indian tribes are anthropologically distinct with unique cultures, traditions and practices. Over the years, displacement and rapid acculturation of this population has led to dramatic changes in their socio-cultural and value systems. Due to a poor health infrastructure, high levels of poverty and ignorance, these communities are highly vulnerable to various health problems, especially, communicable diseases including HIV/AIDS. Our study sought to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding sexuality, and the risk factors associated with the spread of HIV/AIDS and STDs among these communities. METHODS: A nested cross sectional study was undertaken as part of the on going Reproductive and Child Health Survey. A total of 5,690 participants age 18-44 were recruited for this study. Data were obtained through home interviews, and focused on socio-demographics, knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding sexuality, HIV/AIDS and other STDs. RESULTS: The study revealed that only 22% of adults had even heard of AIDS, and 18 % knew how it is transmitted. In addition, only 5% knew that STDs and AIDS were related to each other. AIDS awareness among women was lower compared to men (14% vs.30 %). Regarding sexual practices, 35% of the respondents reported having had extramarital sexual encounters, with more males than females reporting extramarital affairs. CONCLUSION: Lack of awareness, permissiveness of tribal societies for premarital or extra-marital sexual relationships, and sexual mixing patterns predispose these communities to HIV/AIDS and STD infections. There is a dire need for targeted interventions in order to curtail the increasing threat of HIV and other STDs among these vulnerable populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal & Child Health, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA. hsalihu@uab.edu.
authors.forename: Eknath
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Naik
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karpur
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Balasubramaniam
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramaswami
authors.forename: Seetharam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ramachandra
authors.forename: Bindu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balasubramaniam
authors.forename: Sagar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galwankar
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sinnott
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nabukera
authors.forename: Hamisu M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Salihu
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