title: Cyclooxygenase-2 plays a central role in the genesis of pancreatitis and associated lung injury.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The exact mechanism by which cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) promotes inflammation in pancreatitis in obscure. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of COX-2 inhibition in an animal model of pancreatitis, a disease process characterized by a systemic inflammatory response and ensuing neutrophil-mediated lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pancreatitis was induced in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal injection of 20% L-arginine (500 mg/100 g body weight). The animals were randomized into 3 groups (8 rats in each group): controls and rats with pancreatitis intravenously resuscitated with either normal saline (0.9% NaCl 3 ml/kg)at 24 and 48 hours or COX-2 inhibitor (parecoxib 1 mg/kg). Pancreatic and lung injuries were assessed histologically. Lung injury was assessed utilizing wet:dry ratio and myeloperoxidase activity to indicate pulmonary neutrophil infiltration. A Western blot was used to determine COX-2 protein expression in pancreatic tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The animals treated with COX-2 inhibitors displayed significantly less pancreatic and lung injuries than their normal saline counterparts. Histological pancreatic and lung injury scores were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the COX-2 treated group. Lung wet:dry ratios were significantly improved and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration was attenuated in the COX-2 group (P<0.05). Western blot analysis confirmed attenuated COX-2 protein expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows, for the first time in a rat model, that adjuvant COX-2 inhibition significantly attenuates the severity of both pancreatitis and its associated systemic inflammatory response and end-organ injury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Academic Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Conor J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Desmond C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Winter
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dillon
authors.forename: William O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Kirwan
authors.forename: H Paul
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Redmond
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D055370:Lung Injury; D008297:Male; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D011336:Probability; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D001120:Arginine; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases