title: The androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism and modification of breast cancer risk in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The androgen receptor (AR) gene exon 1 CAG repeat polymorphism encodes a string of 9-32 glutamines. Women with germline BRCA1 mutations who carry at least one AR allele with 28 or more repeats have been reported to have an earlier age at onset of breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 604 living female Australian and British BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation carriers from 376 families were genotyped for the AR CAG repeat polymorphism. The association between AR genotype and disease risk was assessed using Cox regression. AR genotype was analyzed as a dichotomous covariate using cut-points previously reported to be associated with increased risk among BRCA1 mutation carriers, and as a continuous variable considering smaller allele, larger allele and average allele size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no evidence that the AR CAG repeat polymorphism modified disease risk in the 376 BRCA1 or 219 BRCA2 mutation carriers screened successfully. The rate ratio associated with possession of at least one allele with 28 or more CAG repeats was 0.74 (95% confidence interval 0.42-1.29; P = 0.3) for BRCA1 carriers, and 1.12 (95% confidence interval 0.55-2.25; P = 0.8) for BRCA2 carriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AR exon 1 CAG repeat polymorphism does not appear to have an effect on breast cancer risk in BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia. mandyS@qimr.edu.au
authors.forename: Amanda B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Spurdle
authors.forename: Antonis C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Nirmala
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pandeya
authors.forename: Livia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kelemen
authors.forename: Xiaoqing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peock
authors.forename: Margaret R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Paula L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Purdie
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Gillian S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Dite
authors.forename: Carmel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Apicella
authors.forename: Melissa C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Southey
authors.forename: Graham G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hopper
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chenevix-Trench
authors.forename: Douglas F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Easton
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D011944:Receptors, Androgen
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