title: Mapping quantitative trait loci using naturally occurring genetic variance among commercial inbred lines of maize (Zea mays L.).
abstract: Many commercial inbred lines are available in crops. A large amount of genetic variation is preserved among these lines. The genealogical history of the inbred lines is usually well documented. However, quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for the genetic variances among the lines are largely unexplored due to lack of statistical methods. In this study, we show that the pedigree information of the lines along with the trait values and marker information can be used to map QTL without the need of further crossing experiments. We develop a Monte Carlo method to estimate locus-specific identity-by-descent (IBD) matrices. These IBD matrices are further incorporated into a mixed-model equation for variance component analysis. QTL variance is estimated and tested at every putative position of the genome. The actual QTL are detected by scanning the entire genome. Applying this new method to a well-documented pedigree of maize (Zea mays L.) that consists of 404 inbred lines, we mapped eight QTL for the maize male flowering trait, growing degree day heat units to pollen shedding (GDUSHD). These detected QTL contributed >80% of the variance observed among the inbred lines. The QTL were then used to evaluate all the inbred lines using the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) technique. Superior lines were selected according to the estimated QTL allelic values, a technique called marker-assisted selection (MAS). The MAS procedure implemented via BLUP may be routinely used by breeders to select superior lines and line combinations for development of new cultivars.
authors.affiliation: Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, 92521-0124, USA.
authors.forename: Yuan-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yongcai
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Chongqing
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Howie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Lang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Shizhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016678:Genome; D008126:Lod Score; D008957:Models, Genetic; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D010641:Phenotype; D011058:Pollen; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers
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