title: Breast implants following mastectomy in women with early-stage breast cancer: prevalence and impact on survival.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have examined the effect of breast implants after mastectomy on long-term survival in breast cancer patients, despite growing public health concern over potential long-term adverse health effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Breast Implant Surveillance Study conducted in San Francisco-Oakland, in Seattle-Puget Sound, and in Iowa. This population-based, retrospective cohort included women younger than 65 years when diagnosed with early or unstaged first primary breast cancer between 1983 and 1989, treated with mastectomy. The women were followed for a median of 12.4 years (n = 4968). Breast implant usage was validated by medical record review. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard rate ratios for survival time until death due to breast cancer or other causes for women with and without breast implants, adjusted for relevant patient and tumor characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty percent of cases received postmastectomy breast implants, with silicone gel-filled implants comprising the most common type. Patients with implants were younger and more likely to have in situ disease than patients not receiving implants. Risks of breast cancer mortality (hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.43-0.67) and nonbreast cancer mortality (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.85) were lower in patients with implants than in those patients without implants, following adjustment for age and year of diagnosis, race/ethnicity, stage, tumor grade, histology, and radiation therapy. Implant type did not appear to influence long-term survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a large, population-representative sample, breast implants following mastectomy do not appear to confer any survival disadvantage following early-stage breast cancer in women younger than 65 years old.
authors.affiliation: Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont, California, USA. gle@nccc.org
authors.forename: Gem M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Cynthia D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: O'Malley
authors.forename: Sally L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Glaser
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stanford
authors.forename: Theresa Hm
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Keegan
authors.forename: Dee W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018427:Breast Implants; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa / Q000453:epidemiology; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018426:SEER Program / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013405:Suicide; D016019:Survival Analysis
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