title: Topographic variability of the esophageal left atrial relation influencing ablation lines in patients with atrial fibrillation.
abstract: Topography of the esophagus in atrial fibrillation ablation.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The close anatomic relationship of the posterior wall of the left atrium (LA) and the thermosensitive esophagus creates a potential hazard in catheter ablation procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 30 patients (pts) with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing catheter ablation, we prospectively studied the course and contact of the esophagus in relation to LA and the topographic proximity to ablation lines encircling the right-sided and left-sided pulmonary veins (PV) as well as to the posterior line connecting the encircling lines using the electromagnetic mapping system for reconstruction of LA and for tagging of the esophagus. This new technique of anatomic tagging of the esophagus was validated against the CT scan as a standard imaging procedure. The esophageal course was highly variable, extending from courses in direct vicinity to the left- or right-sided PV as well as in the midportion of the posterior LA. In order to avoid energy application in direct proximity to the esophagus, adjustments of the left and right PV encircling lines were necessary in 14/30 pts (47%) and 3/30 (10%). In 30 pts (100%), the mid- to inferior areas of the posterior LA revealed contact with the esophagus. Therefore, posterior and inferior linear ablation lines were abandoned and shifted to superior in 29 pts (97%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anatomic tagging of esophagus revealed a highly variable proximity to different areas of the posterior LA suggesting individual adjustment of encircling and linear ablation lines in AF ablation procedures to avoid the life threatening complication of esophagus perforation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center, Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. kotth@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kottkamp
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piorkowski
authors.forename: Hildegard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kobza
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dorszewski
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schirdewahn
authors.forename: Jin-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gerds-Li
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hindricks
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000517:prevention & control; D004947:Esophagus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011667:Pulmonary Veins; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed