title: Comparison of hand-assisted laparoscopic and open donor nephrectomy: a single-center experience from South Korea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report our experience with hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN) and compare to our results with conventional open donor nephrectomy (ODN).
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 2000 to January 2003, 100 patients (M:F 54:46) underwent HALDN at the Kangnam St. Mary's hospital. These patients were divided into early (1st 50 cases) and late (2nd 50 cases) groups. These cohorts were compared with 40 patients (M:F 26:14) who underwent ODN via a flank incision from January 1999 to January 2003 at the same institution. Patient data were obtained from medical record review and personal and telephone interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HALDN was completed successfully in 99 donors. The mean operative times (minutes) were 225 (140-425), 178 (135-250), and 188 (140-260) in the early HALDN, late HALDN, and ODN groups, respectively (P<0.05). The mean warm ischemia times (seconds) of the ODN (135+/-52.4) and late HALDN (150+/-76.7) groups were shorter than that of the early HALDN group (207+/-88.5) (P<0.05). On average, a regular diet was resumed after 2.1, 1.89, and 2.05 days, respectively. (P<0.05), and patients were discharged home 4.12, 4.04, and 6.8 days (P<0.05) after surgery in the early HALDN, late HALDN, and ODN groups. Analgesic use was significantly reduced in the HALDN group in comparison with ODN (P<0.05). Complications consisted of two cases of chyloperitoneum and one case each of open conversion, transfusion, prolonged ileus, liver enzyme elevation, and recipient ureteral necrosis in the early HALDN group; one case of subcutaneous emphysema in the late HALDN group; and one case each of transfusion and liver enzyme elevation in the ODN group. The mean donor (1 and 30 days) and recipient (6 months) serum creatinine concentrations did not differ among the groups (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The HALDN appears to be a safe, technically feasible, and effective alternative to conventional ODN. The procedure may offer several advantages over conventional ODN in terms of less postoperative pain, shorter convalescence, and minimal cosmetic disfigurement. The recipient graft function is similar to that after ODN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Seong Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Joon Chul
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hwangbo
authors.forename: Yong Hyun
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Tae Kon
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007723:Korea; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D007902:Length of Stay; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies