title: Pyruvate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase expression in non small cell lung cancer and tumor-associated stroma.
abstract: Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A, which enters into the Krebs cycle, providing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the cell. PDH activity is under the control of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs). Under hypoxic conditions, conversion of pyruvate to lactate occurs, a reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase 5 (LDH5). In cancer cells, however pyruvate is transformed to lactate occurs, regardless of the presence of oxygen (aerobic glycolysis/Warburg effect). Although, hypoxic intratumoral conditions account for HIF1alpha stabilization and induction of anaerobic metabolism, recent data suggest that high pyruvate concentrations also result in HIF1alpha stabilization independently of hypoxia. In the present immunohistochemical study, we provide evidence that the PDH/PDK pathway is repressed in 73% of non small cell lung carcinomas, which may be a key reason for HIF1alpha stabilization and "aerobic glycolysis." However, about half of PDH-HIF pathway, and patients harboring these tumors have an excellent postoperative outcome. A small subgroup of clinically aggressive tumors maintains a coherent PDH and HIF/LDH5 expression. In contrast to cancer cells, fibroblasts in the tumor supporting stroma exhibit an intense PDH but reduced PDK1 expression favoring maximum PDH activity. This means that stroma may use lactic acid produced by tumor cells, preventing the creation of an intolerable intratumoral acidic environment at the same time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece. targ.her.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Koukourakis
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giatromanolaki
authors.forename: Efthimios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sivridis
authors.forename: Kevin C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Gatter
authors.forename: Adrian L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000201:enzymology*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007658:Ketone Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000201:enzymology*; D015996:Survival Rate; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; C000631429:PDK1 protein, human; D000081382:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Acetyl-Transferring Kinase; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007658:Ketone Oxidoreductases; C053164:pyruvate dehydrogenase (NADP+); D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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