title: Ketamine inhibits LPS-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in an equine macrophage cell line.
abstract: Ketamine is widely used in equine anaesthesia. Beside its anaesthetic and analgesic properties, ketamine possesses a cytokine-modulating activity. However, to date, no data are available regarding the inhibitory effect of ketamine on the cytokine response in horses. In horses, cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of equine endotoxaemia following gastrointestinal disorders. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the influence of ketamine on LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-6 formation in an equine macrophage cell line (eCAS cells). The results demonstrate a cytokine-modulating activity of ketamine in an equine cell line, suggesting a beneficial role for ketamine in the treatment of equine endotoxaemia.
authors.affiliation: Section Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 12, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands. D.P.K.Lankveld@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: Daniëlle P K
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lankveld
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bull
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Van Dijk
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fink-Gremmels
authors.forename: Ludo J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hellebrekers
mesh_terms: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D006736:Horses / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007649:Ketamine