title: Molecular approaches to the identification of biomarkers of exposure and effect--report of an expert meeting organized by COST Action B15. November 28, 2003.
abstract: In the past, the term biomarker has been used with several meanings when used in human and environmental toxicology as compared to pharmaceutical development. However, with the advent of molecular approaches and their application in the field of drug development and toxicology, the concept of biomarkers has to be newly defined. In the meeting, the experts found consent in defining the term and described the application of biomarkers in toxicology, drug development and clinical diagnostics. Molecular approaches to biomarker identification and selection lead to a large amount of data. Hence, the statistical analysis is challenging and special statistical problems have to be solved in biomarker characterization, of particular interest are attempts aiming at class discovery and prediction. Reliability and biological relevance are to be demonstrated for biomarkers of exposure and effect which is also true for biomarkers of susceptibility. It is envisaged that the application of biomarkers will expand from current use in pre-clinical toxicology to the risk characterization and risk assessment of chemicals and from early clinical phases of drug development to later phases and even into daily clinical use in diagnostics and disease classification.
authors.affiliation: Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, P.O. Box 330013, 14191 Berlin, Germany. u.gundert-remy@bfr.bund.de
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Gundert-Remy
authors.forename: Svein G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boobis
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kremers
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kopp-Schneider
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oberemm
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Renwick
authors.forename: Olavi
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pelkonen
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002965:Classification; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D019295:Computational Biology; D015195:Drug Design; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers