title: A Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 ORF50 deletion mutant is defective for reactivation of latent virus and DNA replication.
abstract: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (also called human herpesvirus type 8 [HHV8]) latently infects a number of cell types. Reactivation of latent virus can occur by treatment with the phorbol ester tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) or with the transfection of plasmids expressing the lytic switch activator protein K-Rta, the gene product of ORF50. K-Rta expression is sufficient for the activation of the entire lytic cycle and the transactivation of viral genes necessary for DNA replication. In addition, recent evidence has suggested that K-Rta may participate directly in the initiation of lytic DNA synthesis. We have now generated a recombinant HHV8 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) with a large deletion within the ORF50 locus. This BAC, BAC36Delta50, failed to produce infectious virus upon treatment with TPA and was defective for DNA synthesis. Expression of K-Rta in trans in BAC36Delta50-containing cells was able to abolish both defects. Real-time PCR revealed that K-bZIP, ORF40/41, and K8.1 were not expressed when BAC36Delta50-containing cells were induced with TPA. However, the mRNA levels of ORF57 were over fivefold higher in TPA-treated BAC36Delta50-containing cells than those observed in similarly treated wild-type BAC-containing cells. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis showed that while the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) was expressed in the mutant BAC-containing cells, ORF59 and K8.1 expression was not detected in TPA-induced BAC36Delta50-containing cells. These results showed that K-Rta is essential for lytic viral reactivation and transactivation of viral genes contributing to DNA replication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Howard Bldg., University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
authors.forename: Yiyang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: AuCoin
authors.forename: Alicia Rodriguez
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Huete
authors.forename: Sylvia A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cei
authors.forename: Lisa J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Gregory S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Pari
mesh_terms: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; D004261:DNA Replication; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015870:Gene Expression; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014775:Virus Activation; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D050976:Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; C118265:K8 protein, Human herpesvirus 8; C113454:K8.1 protein, Human herpesvirus 8; C116742:ORF 50 transactivator; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014764:Viral Proteins
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