title: Ultrarapid Ki-67 immunostaining in frozen section interpretation of gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Astrocytic tumours, the most common gliomas, are often classified intraoperatively using standard morphological staining. The final diagnosis and grading of gliomas on paraffin wax sections is often assisted by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry, but standard immunostaining protocols take too long to be used intraoperatively.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a new rapid Ki-67 immunohistochemical test for its use in an intraoperative setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  The new Ki-67 immunostaining (Ultrarapid-Ki67) method on frozen sections can be carried out in 10 minutes. Thirty four pilocytic and diffuse astrocytomas were immunostained by rapid Ki-67 and results were compared with corresponding MIB-1 staining, histological grading, and prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The staining protocol was practical to perform and the results were morphologically and quantitatively indistinguishable from those after immunostaining with MIB-1, an antibody recognising Ki-67 in paraffin wax embedded tissue. A comparison of Ultrarapid-Ki67 and MIB-1 immunostaining of paraffin wax sections showed almost identical quantitative correlation in astrocytic gliomas (r = 0.916; p<0.001). The Ultrarapid-Ki67 indices (percentage of positive cells) of low grade (I/II) astrocytomas ranged from 0% to 6.1%, whereas those of representative high grade (III/IV) tumours were significantly higher (range, 5.6-45%; p<0.001). The best prognostic cutoff point for Ultrarapid-Ki67 was 7.5%, which divided diffuse grade II-IV astrocytomas into significantly differing subsets (p = 0.0008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrarapid-Ki67 immunostaining is a useful adjunct to morphological diagnosis and grading of astrocytic tumours, and as a fast test (approximately 10 minutes for staining plus three to four minutes for scoring), it could be used in routine intraoperative diagnosis of gliomas and other neoplastic diseases.
authors.affiliation: University of Turku, Turku, FIN-20520, Finland.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mennander
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Helen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Isola
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000276:immunology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005629:Frozen Sections; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C440408:MIB-1 antibody; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins
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