title: Fast track selection of immunogens for novel vaccines through visualisation of the early onset of the B-cell response.
abstract: A most essential step in vaccine research and development, ie vaccine studies in animals, seriously suffer from long timespans needed to arrive at effective immunogens. In this report we show how almost immediately after vaccination the antibody inducing potential of low immunogenic 'self' antigens can be accurately assessed. (We expect that this timespan can be reduced even more when 'non self' antigens are used, since such responses should be stronger.) The method takes advantage of the immediate onset after vaccination of the immune response in the spleen. This novel method allows detection of antigen-specific B cells of the spleen as early as 7 days after immunization and at frequencies as low as 10 in 1,000,000 cells. The method depends on sequential staining with PE- and APC-conjugated tetramers, made with the same biotinylated peptide. The antigenic peptides are biotinylated and tetramerized with either PE neutravidin or APC streptavidin. We expect that this method can be generally applied to visualize B cell responses, irrespective of the way they are induced. In addition to the fast selection and development of novel immunogens, this procedure can be used to delineate the kinetics of the B cell response, to phenotypically characterize and to isolate antigen-specific B cells, and, perhaps most importantly, to count them at the clonal level before any circulating antibodies can be detected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scibelli
authors.forename: Robbert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: van der Most
authors.forename: Johan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Turkstra
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ariaans
authors.forename: Ger
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arkesteijn
authors.forename: Evert J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hensen
authors.forename: Rob H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Meloen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D010641:Phenotype; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D014612:Vaccines; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D010047:Ovalbumin