title: Contamination of chicken carcasses in Gauteng, South Africa, by Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter.
abstract: The presence of the foodborne pathogens, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp., on 99 fresh and frozen chicken carcasses sourced from various retailers in Gauteng, South Africa, was investigated. Using culture methods, 60.6% of the carcasses were found to be contaminated with one or more pathogens, with 19.2%, 19.2% and 32.3% of the carcasses being found to harbour Salmonella, L. monocytogenes and Campylobacter, respectively. The extent of contamination with one or more pathogens was not significantly different (p>0.1) between fresh or frozen samples or between samples from butcheries, supermarkets or street vendors. Significantly more (p<0.1) fresh carcasses from butcheries than from other outlets were contaminated with Salmonella, while more fresh carcasses from supermarkets were contaminated with Campylobacter. The proportion of carcasses with L. monocytogenes from all sources were similar. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results indicate an even higher extent of pathogen contamination, but the PCR techniques need to be further refined before they can be used routinely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School and National Health Laboratory Services, P.O. Box 2115, Houghton 2041, South Africa.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Nierop
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Dusé
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marais
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aithma
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thothobolo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kassel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Potgieter
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Galpin
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008089:Listeria monocytogenes / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012475:Salmonella / Q000302:isolation & purification*