title: Small-diameter blood vessels engineered with bone marrow-derived cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to investigate if bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) regenerate vascular tissues and improve patency in tissue-engineered small-diameter (internal diameter = 3 mm) vascular grafts.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  BMCs have demonstrated the ability to differentiate into endothelial-like cells and vascular smooth muscle-like cells and may offer an alternative cell source for vascular tissue engineering. Thus, we tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts with BMCs and decellularized arteries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Canine BMCs were differentiated in vitro into smooth muscle alpha-actin/smooth muscle myosin heavy-chain-positive cells and von Willebrand factor/CD31-positive cells and seeded onto decellularized canine carotid arteries (internal diameter = 3 mm). The seeded grafts were implanted in cell donor dogs. The vascular-tissue regeneration and graft patency were investigated with immunohistochemistry and angiography, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The vascular grafts seeded with BMCs remained patent for up to 8 weeks in the canine carotid artery interposition model, whereas nonseeded grafts occluded within 2 weeks. Within 8 weeks after implantation, the vascular grafts showed regeneration of the 3 elements of artery (endothelium, media, and adventitia). BMCs labeled with a fluorescent dye prior to implantation were detected in the retrieved vascular grafts, indicating that the BMCs participated in the vascular tissue regeneration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Here we show that BMCs have the potential to regenerate vascular tissues and improve patency in tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts. This is the first report of a small-diameter neovessel engineered with BMCs as a cell source.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sang Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Il-Kwon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoo Sun
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Sang-Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung Jong
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Hyun-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Yangsoo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Byung Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Cha Yong
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Ki-Chul
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Byung-Soo
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000502:physiology / Q000637:transplantation*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D006085:Graft Survival; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology*; D012038:Regeneration; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014654:Vascular Patency
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