title: Changes in baroreflex responses of kindled rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was planned to investigate the baroreflex responses (BRs) in kindled rats during seizure-free period to put forward new data on cardiac autonomic changes in epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were randomized into sham-operated (SO) and kindled groups where stimulation and recording electrodes were implanted stereotaxically into the basolateral amygdala and the cortex, respectively. For kindling process, rats were stimulated twice daily at their afterdischarge threshold current and accepted as being kindled after 10 grade 5 seizures. Six to 8 weeks after the establishment of the kindled state, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated. BR was defined as the ratio of HR response to changes in MAP induced by i.v. nitroprusside (10, 25 microg/kg) or i.v. phenylephrine (10, 25 microg/kg). The sympathetic or parasympathetic component of the BR was evaluated in rats pretreated with atropine or atenolol where phenylephrine or nitroprusside was administered at 25 microg/kg.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basal MAP and HR values were found to be similar in SO and kindled rats. Phenylephrine increased MAP more in the kindled group (p < 0.05), but the HR decreased similarly in both groups. Nitroprusside decreased MAP at similar rates, but the increase in HR was higher in the kindled rats (p < 0.05). BRs to phenylephrine and nitroprusside were abolished after pretreatment with atenolol and atropine, whereas phenylephrine- and nitroprusside-induced changes in MAP remained unchanged in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may indicate that amygdaloid kindling affects BRs in long-term seizure-free periods.
authors.affiliation: Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ciğdem Apaydin
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kaya
authors.forename: Aydan Ergün
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Ozkaynakçi
authors.forename: M Zafer
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Gören
authors.forename: Filiz Yilmaz
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Onat
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001262:Atenolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017704:Baroreflex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011292:Premedication / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012640:Seizures / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside; D010656:Phenylephrine; D001262:Atenolol; D001285:Atropine