title: Molecular strategies to inhibit HIV-1 replication.
abstract: The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the primary cause of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a slow, progressive and degenerative disease of the human immune system. The pathogenesis of HIV-1 is complex and characterized by the interplay of both viral and host factors. An intense global research effort into understanding the individual steps of the viral replication cycle and the dynamics during an infection has inspired researchers in the development of a wide spectrum of antiviral strategies. Practically every stage in the viral life cycle and every viral gene product is a potential target. In addition, several strategies are targeting host proteins that play an essential role in the viral life cycle. This review summarizes the main genetic approaches taken in such antiviral strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Aarhus, C.F. Møllers Alle, Bldg. 130, Room 404, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. mhn@mb.au.dk
authors.forename: Morten Hjuler
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Finn Skou
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Pedersen
authors.forename: Jørgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kjems
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D034622:RNA Interference; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014764:Viral Proteins
references.citation: Nat Med. 2002 Jul;8(7):681-6
references.pmid: 12042777
references.citation: J Virol. 1998 Mar;72(3):1894-901
references.pmid: 9499041
references.citation: J Virol. 2004 Mar;78(5):2517-29
references.pmid: 14963154
references.citation: Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Mar;45(3):664-72
references.pmid: 11181340
references.citation: J Gen Virol. 2001 Aug;82(Pt 8):1807-1814
references.pmid: 11457985
references.citation: J Virol. 1999 Apr;73(4):3309-16
references.pmid: 10074185
references.citation: World J Gastroenterol. 2003 Aug;9(8):1657-61
references.pmid: 12918096
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Feb 13;32(3):1154-8
references.pmid: 14966264
references.citation: Nature. 2002 Jul 25;418(6896):435-8
references.pmid: 12087358
references.citation: Nature. 2002 Aug 8;418(6898):646-50
references.pmid: 12167863
references.citation: Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2001 Feb;14(1):13-6
references.pmid: 11979109
references.citation: AIDS. 2002 Dec 6;16(18):2385-90
references.pmid: 12461411
references.citation: J Virol. 1998 Mar;72(3):1782-9
references.pmid: 9499028
references.citation: AIDS. 1991 Jun;5(6):617-37
references.pmid: 1652977
references.citation: Cell. 2002 Jul 26;110(2):135-8
references.pmid: 12150921
references.citation: Hum Gene Ther. 1991 Spring;2(1):53-60
references.pmid: 1863640
references.citation: Nat Med. 1999 Jun;5(6):635-42
references.pmid: 10371501
references.citation: Nat Med. 1999 Jul;5(7):740-2
references.pmid: 10395316
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 3;278(40):39092-103
references.pmid: 12857725
references.citation: Retrovirology. 2004 Dec 15;1:43
references.pmid: 15601472
references.citation: J Virol. 2000 Aug;74(16):7187-95
references.pmid: 10906172
references.citation: J Virol. 2002 Jul;76(13):6545-57
references.pmid: 12050367
references.citation: Retrovirology. 2004 Dec 15;1:44
references.pmid: 15601474
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 1998;52:491-532
references.pmid: 9891806
references.citation: Nat Med. 1999 Jan;5(1):29-33
references.pmid: 9883836
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 1998 Jul 1;26(13):3270-8
references.pmid: 9628929
references.citation: J Virol. 2001 Mar;75(5):2235-45
references.pmid: 11160727
references.citation: Adv Pharmacol. 2000;48:251-98
references.pmid: 10987094
references.citation: J Virol. 2002 Dec;76(24):12963-73
references.pmid: 12438622
references.citation: Front Biosci. 1997 Dec 15;2:d619-34
references.pmid: 9388165
references.citation: J Virol. 2001 Jan;75(2):579-88
references.pmid: 11134270
references.citation: Front Biosci. 1997 Mar 01;2:d147-59
references.pmid: 9159223
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1994 May 6;269(18):13080-3
references.pmid: 7513698
references.citation: J Virol. 1998 May;72(5):4308-19
references.pmid: 9557721
references.citation: J Virol. 1998 Nov;72(11):8627-35
references.pmid: 9765402
references.citation: J Virol. 1998 Jul;72(7):5441-8
references.pmid: 9620999
references.citation: J Virol. 2004 Mar;78(5):2601-5
references.pmid: 14963165
references.citation: Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998 Jan;11(1):42-56
references.pmid: 9457428
references.citation: Clin Ther. 2000 May;22(5):549-72
references.pmid: 10868554
references.citation: J Immunol. 2002 Nov 1;169(9):5196-201
references.pmid: 12391237
references.citation: J Virol. 1999 Jun;73(6):5191-5
references.pmid: 10233987
references.citation: Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Feb 1;67(3):401-10
references.pmid: 15037192
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Jul 23;93(15):7955-60
references.pmid: 8755584
references.citation: Nat Biotechnol. 2002 May;20(5):500-5
references.pmid: 11981565
references.citation: Trends Microbiol. 2002 May;10(5):203-5
references.pmid: 11973141
references.citation: Science. 2004 Oct 15;306(5695):485-7
references.pmid: 15486300
references.citation: Trends Genet. 1994 Apr;10(4):139-44
references.pmid: 7913251
references.citation: Nat Med. 1998 Nov;4(11):1302-7
references.pmid: 9809555
references.citation: J Virol. 1997 Apr;71(4):3048-53
references.pmid: 9060665
references.citation: Front Biosci. 2000 May 01;5:D527-55
references.pmid: 10799355
references.citation: Rev Med Virol. 2002 May-Jun;12(3):179-93
references.pmid: 11987143
references.citation: J Virol. 2002 Sep;76(18):9225-31
references.pmid: 12186906
references.citation: Antisense Nucleic Acid Drug Dev. 2001 Aug;11(4):209-17
references.pmid: 11572598
references.citation: Science. 2003 May 16;300(5622):1112
references.pmid: 12750511
references.citation: Vaccine. 2001 Dec 12;20(5-6):688-705
references.pmid: 11738732
references.citation: J Virol. 1997 Jun;71(6):4707-16
references.pmid: 9151864
references.citation: Science. 1997 Apr 11;276(5310):276-9
references.pmid: 9092481
references.citation: Nat Med. 2001 Aug;7(8):920-6
references.pmid: 11479624
references.citation: Front Biosci. 2000 May 01;5:D556-79
references.pmid: 10799357
references.citation: Virology. 2000 Feb 15;267(2):174-84
references.pmid: 10662613
references.citation: Trends Immunol. 2002 Dec;23(12):559-61
references.pmid: 12464559
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jul 6;96(14):7791-6
references.pmid: 10393900
references.citation: Lancet. 2002 Jun 8;359(9322):2007
references.pmid: 12076565
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Dec 17;279(51):53635-42
references.pmid: 15469936
references.citation: Front Biosci. 1997 Jun 01;2:d283-97
references.pmid: 9206979
references.citation: Curr Opin Chem Biol. 1997 Jun;1(1):5-9
references.pmid: 9667829
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Oct 1;173(7):4618-26
references.pmid: 15383596
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Nov 15;30(22):4830-5
references.pmid: 12433985
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Nov 19;279(47):49055-63
references.pmid: 15371436
references.citation: Annu Rev Biochem. 2001;70:777-810
references.pmid: 11395423
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 11;273(50):33414-22
references.pmid: 9837918
references.citation: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2004 Aug;7(4):407-11
references.pmid: 15358260
references.citation: Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2001 Feb;3(1):93-99
references.pmid: 11177736
references.citation: J Biomed Sci. 2003;10(6 Pt 1):607-16
references.pmid: 14576463
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2003 Nov;74(5):736-49
references.pmid: 12960235
references.citation: J Neurovirol. 2004 Oct;10(5):284-92
references.pmid: 15385251
references.citation: J Virol. 1995 Jan;69(1):206-12
references.pmid: 7983711
references.citation: Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Jul 14;32(12):3752-9
references.pmid: 15254276