title: Effects of hormone replacement therapy on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypertension and estrogens are both prothrombotic. We investigated the effect of 12-month hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on hemostatic factors in mild to moderate essential hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 38 hypertensive and 32 normotensive postmenopausal women received HRT (conjugated equine estrogen 0.625 mg plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5 mg daily) for 12 months, and 19 hypertensive and 15 normotensive postmenopausal women did not. All hypertensive women had been administered antihypetensive drugs before the start of the study. Hemostatic factors, i.e., fibrogen, antithrombin, protein C activity, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, D-dimer, and plasminogen, were measured in plasma of all women before, and 6 and 12 months after the start of study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antithrombin levels of the hypertensive and normotensive women who received HRT had decreased at 6 (both P<0.001) and 12 months (P<0.001 and P<0.01) and their D-dimer at 12 months (both P<0.05) and plasminogen levels at 6 (both P<0.001) and 12 months (both P<0.001) has increased, but other hemostatic factors were unchanged. There were no changes in hemostatic factors in either control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HRT for 12 months activated blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in both hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women. Administration of CEE plus MPA therapy to hypertensive or normotensive postmenopausal women may be related to the thromboembolic events.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-mach, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan. suminoh@med.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sumino
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Yoshie
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Hironosuke
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumakura
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamaki
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurabayashi
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood*; D008525:Medroxyprogesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D004966:Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); D008525:Medroxyprogesterone