title: Validity of utilities of patients with esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The convergent validity between utility assessment methods was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Investigated were patients with esophageal cancer treated surgically with curative intent. Patients were interviewed in a period from 3 to 12 months after surgical resection. Patients evaluated their actual health and seven other states. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and standard gamble (SG) utilities were obtained for the health states in an interview. Patients also indicated whether or not they preferred death to living in a health state (worse than dead [WTD] preferences).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty patients completed the interview. Convergent validity was excellent at the aggregate and individual level. However, the relation between VAS and SG differed strongly across individuals. On a scale from 0 (dead) to 100 (perfect health), SG scores were lower for patients with WTD preferences (mean difference d = 35; p = .002); however, VAS scores did not vary by WTD preferences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, there is good agreement between VAS and SG measures, although patients disagree about how the VAS and SG are related. The standard gamble varied by WTD preferences, however, the VAS did not.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology Assessment, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands. p.stalmeier@mta.umcn.nl
authors.forename: Peep F M
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Stalmeier
authors.forename: Angela G E M
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Mirjam A G
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sprangers
authors.forename: Hanneke C J M
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: de Haes
authors.forename: Jan J B
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Lanschot
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands