title: Increased maintenance of obsessive-compulsive disorder remission after integrated serotonergic treatment and cognitive psychotherapy compared with medication alone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both medication and psychotherapy are effective in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, they both have disadvantages. We aimed at studying the long-term effectiveness of integrated treatment compared with medication alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  A private practice sample of 20 consecutive patients with OCD (DSM-III-R) who achieved remission or marked improvement [Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) score < or =10 and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale score > or =70] after drug treatment (clomipramine or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for 12-24 months) with or without concurrent cognitive psychotherapy were followed up. In the integrated treatment group, psychotherapy was started on the second or third visit and was timed to end after medication. Efforts were applied to integrate treatments within a biopsychosocial theoretical framework. As randomisation was not feasible in the study setting, treatment allocation was based on patients' preference. Patients were assessed before treatment, after treatment and at each follow-up contact with the YBOCS, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and the GAF scale. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed on the time to OCD relapse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the factors studied (gender, age, duration of disorder, severity of OCD symptoms at baseline), only treatment was associated with outcome. Of 10 patients treated with medication alone, 8 relapsed. Of 10 patients who received integrated treatment, only 1 relapsed. The estimated mean survival time was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the integrated treatment group (132 months, 95% CI 107-157) than in the medication group (25 months, 95% CI 12-38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although our results need confirmation by further, more robust studies, the long-term superiority of integrated treatment over medication alone was large. Patients with OCD might have viable options other than long-term drug treatment.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Clinic III, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy. massimo.biondi@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biondi
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Picardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011613:Psychotherapy; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002997:Clomipramine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors