title: Microwave-promoted Heck coupling using ultralow metal catalyst concentrations.
abstract: We show that Heck couplings can be performed in water using microwave heating and Pd catalyst concentrations as low as 500 ppb. The methodology is simple; all that is required as the catalyst is a stock solution of palladium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, USA.
authors.forename: Riina K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Arvela
authors.forename: Nicholas E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Leadbeater
mesh_terms: D000840:Anisoles / Q000737:chemistry; D002384:Catalysis; D002625:Chemistry, Organic / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008872:Microwaves; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D020058:Styrene / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000840:Anisoles; D006841:Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D014867:Water; D020058:Styrene; D010165:Palladium