title: Intentional limited resection for small peripheral lung cancer based on intraoperative pathologic exploration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the adequacy of our intentional limited resection for small peripheral lung cancer based on intraoperative pathologic exploration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who had stage IA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with a maximum tumor diameter of 2 cm or less were candidates for limited resection. If bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) was suspected on computed tomography and intraoperative pathologic exploration revealed the lesion as BAC without foci of active fibroblastic proliferation (Noguchi type A and B), wedge resection was performed. If the tumor was not suspected of being Noguchi type A or B, extended segmentectomy with intraoperative lymph node exploration was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Limited resection was performed in 34 patients, wedge resection in 14, and extended segmentectomy in 20. The median follow-up period after wedge resection was 36 months, and all patients are alive with no signs of recurrence. The median follow-up period after extended segmentectomy was 54 months. No local recurrences were found, but distant metastasis was diagnosed in one patient. The 5-year survival rate after extended segmentectomy was 93%. In the same period, lobectomy was performed in 57 patients with stage IA NSCLC with a maximum tumor diameter of 2 cm or less, and the 5-year survival rate was 84%. There were no significant differences in 5-year survival between extended segmentectomy and lobectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful selection of patients based on high-resolution computed tomography findings and intraoperative pathologic exploration makes intentional limited resection an acceptable option for the treatment of small peripheral NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Chest Surgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Takehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imakiire
authors.forename: Terumoto
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirono
mesh_terms: D002282:Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018579:Patient Selection; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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