title: Penetration of topically applied gatifloxacin 0.3%, moxifloxacin 0.5%, and ciprofloxacin 0.3% into the aqueous humor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the aqueous penetration of 3 commercially available ophthalmic fluoroquinolones.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, double-masked, clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two eyes of 52 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two patients undergoing cataract surgery were given preoperative topical gatifloxacin 0.3% (Zymar), moxifloxacin 0.5% (Vigamox), or ciprofloxacin 0.3% (Ciloxan). The patients were instructed to use their antibiotic drops 4 times a day for 3 days before surgery. On the day of surgery, patients were given their assigned antibiotic every 15 minutes for 3 doses, 1 hour before their procedure. At the time of surgery, 0.1 ml of aqueous fluid was aspirated from the anterior chamber with an air cannula needle attached to a tuberculin syringe. The aspirate was immediately stored at -70 degrees C.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fluoroquinolone concentrations were determined by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography assay technique with ultraviolet detection at a wavelength of 275 nm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean aqueous concentration of gatifloxacin in 16 eyes was 0.63 microg/ml (standard deviation [SD], 0.30), moxifloxacin in 14 eyes was 1.31 microg/ml (SD, 0.46), and the mean concentration of ciprofloxacin in 22 eyes was 0.15 microg/ml (SD, 0.11).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both moxifloxacin (P<0.001) and gatifloxacin (P<0.005) penetrated the aqueous humor at significantly higher levels than ciprofloxacin. Moxifloxacin penetrated into the aqueous humor at significantly higher levels than gatifloxacin (P<0.05). The anterior chamber levels of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin may be due to the difference in antibiotic concentration.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island, Rockville Centre, New York 11570, USA.
authors.forename: Renée
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Eric D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Donnenfeld
authors.forename: Henry D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nedrud
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011804:Quinolines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011804:Quinolines; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin