title: Comparative genomic analysis of the pPT23A plasmid family of Pseudomonas syringae.
abstract: Members of the pPT23A plasmid family of Pseudomonas syringae play an important role in the interaction of this bacterial pathogen with host plants. Complete sequence analysis of several pPT23A family plasmids (PFPs) has provided a glimpse of the gene content and virulence function of these plasmids. We constructed a macroarray containing 161 genes to estimate and compare the gene contents of 23 newly analyzed and eight known PFPs from 12 pathovars of P. syringae, which belong to four genomospecies. Hybridization results revealed that PFPs could be distinguished by the type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded and separated into four groups. Twelve PFPs along with pPSR1 from P. syringae pv. syringae, pPh1448B from P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, and pPMA4326A from P. syringae pv. maculicola encoded a type IVA T4SS (VirB-VirD4 conjugative system), whereas 10 PFPs along with pDC3000A and pDC3000B from P. syringae pv. tomato encoded a type IVB T4SS (tra system). Two plasmids encoded both T4SSs, whereas six other plasmids carried none or only a few genes of either the type IVA or type IVB secretion system. Most PFPs hybridized to more than one putative type III secretion system effector gene and to a variety of additional genes encoding known P. syringae virulence factors. The overall gene contents of individual PFPs were more similar among plasmids within each of the four groups based on T4SS genes; however, a number of genes, encoding plasmid-specific functions or hypothetical proteins, were shared among plasmids from different T4SS groups. The only gene shared by all PFPs in this study was the repA gene, which encoded sequences with 87 to 99% amino acid identityamong 25 sequences examined. We proposed a model to illustrate the evolution and gene acquisition of the pPT23A plasmid family. To our knowledge, this is the first such attempt to conduct a global genetic analysis of this important plasmid family.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
authors.forename: Youfu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Zhonghua
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: George W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Sundin
mesh_terms: D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010802:Phylogeny; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D004265:DNA Helicases
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2004 Sep;186(18):6015-24
references.pmid: 15342570
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2001 Apr;40(2):284-93
references.pmid: 11309112
references.citation: Q Rev Biol. 1990 Mar;65(1):3-22
references.pmid: 2186429
references.citation: Infect Immun. 2004 Jul;72(7):3697-705
references.pmid: 15213109
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 1998 Oct;64(10):3948-53
references.pmid: 9758824
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 1999 Feb;145 ( Pt 2):325-334
references.pmid: 10075415
references.citation: Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1999 Apr;49 Pt 2:469-78
references.pmid: 10319466
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2003 May;185(9):2867-78
references.pmid: 12700266
references.citation: Mol Plant Pathol. 2002 Jul 1;3(4):205-16
references.pmid: 20569328
references.citation: Plant Dis. 2000 Sep;84(9):1015-1020
references.pmid: 30832002
references.citation: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2003 Feb;6(1):20-8
references.pmid: 12615215
references.citation: Genetics. 2004 Jul;167(3):1341-60
references.pmid: 15280247
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2000 Oct;146 ( Pt 10):2375-2384
references.pmid: 11021914
references.citation: Microbes Infect. 2003 Apr;5(4):301-10
references.pmid: 12706443
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2001 Dec;42(5):1337-48
references.pmid: 11886563
references.citation: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2000 Sep;64(3):624-53
references.pmid: 10974129
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2003 Nov;1(2):137-49
references.pmid: 15035043
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 1997 Mar;23(6):1089-97
references.pmid: 9106201
references.citation: Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2004;42:385-414
references.pmid: 15283671
references.citation: Environ Microbiol. 1999 Feb;1(1):75-87
references.pmid: 11207720
references.citation: Genetics. 2000 Aug;155(4):1505-19
references.pmid: 10924453
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1997 Sep 22;415(1):40-4
references.pmid: 9326365
references.citation: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2003 Feb;6(1):29-34
references.pmid: 12615216
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2001 Apr;147(Pt 4):763-780
references.pmid: 11283273
references.citation: Mol Genet Genomics. 2004 Jan;270(6):462-76
references.pmid: 14634868
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 1999 Jan;31(2):489-98
references.pmid: 10027966
references.citation: Mol Biol Evol. 1987 Jul;4(4):406-25
references.pmid: 3447015
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Sep 14;96(19):10875-80
references.pmid: 10485919
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Apr 25;97(9):4856-61
references.pmid: 10781092
references.citation: Gene. 1996 Oct 24;177(1-2):77-81
references.pmid: 8921848
references.citation: Trends Microbiol. 2000 Aug;8(8):354-60
references.pmid: 10920394
references.citation: Plasmid. 1987 May;17(3):240-7
references.pmid: 3628554
references.citation: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004 May;2(5):414-24
references.pmid: 15100694
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2000 Nov;182(21):6137-44
references.pmid: 11029435
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Sep 2;100(18):10181-6
references.pmid: 12928499
references.citation: Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1170-3
references.pmid: 15155952
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2001 May;147(Pt 5):1171-1182
references.pmid: 11320120
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2004 Aug;186(15):5101-15
references.pmid: 15262947
references.citation: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 Jun;62(2):379-433
references.pmid: 9618447
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 9;101(10):3597-602
references.pmid: 14988506
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2001 Oct;6(10):479-85
references.pmid: 11590067
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 May 28;99(11):7652-7
references.pmid: 12032338
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1981 Mar;145(3):1365-73
references.pmid: 7009583
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2002 Sep;45(5):1207-18
references.pmid: 12207690
references.citation: Cell Microbiol. 2003 Jun;5(6):373-83
references.pmid: 12780775
references.citation: Plasmid. 1999 Nov;42(3):210-20
references.pmid: 10545263
references.citation: Plasmid. 1996 Mar;35(2):98-107
references.pmid: 8700971
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2003 Sep;49(5):1253-66
references.pmid: 12940985
references.citation: Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 1998 Feb;11(2):156-62
references.pmid: 9450337
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Apr;70(4):1999-2012
references.pmid: 15066790
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 27;101(30):11105-10
references.pmid: 15263089
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2004 Apr;186(7):1919-26
references.pmid: 15028675
references.citation: Plant J. 2003 Nov;36(4):485-99
references.pmid: 14617079
references.citation: Microbiology (Reading). 2001 Dec;147(Pt 12):3201-14
references.pmid: 11739753
references.citation: Trends Microbiol. 2001 Jul;9(7):335-43
references.pmid: 11435108
references.citation: J Mol Evol. 1999 Nov;49(5):627-44
references.pmid: 10552044
references.citation: Mol Plant Pathol. 2003 Sep 1;4(5):407-20
references.pmid: 20569400
references.citation: Science. 2002 Mar 1;295(5560):1722-6
references.pmid: 11872842
references.citation: Trends Microbiol. 2003 Nov;11(11):527-35
references.pmid: 14607070
references.citation: Nature. 2002 May 23;417(6887):459-63
references.pmid: 12024217
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 24;101(8):2530-5
references.pmid: 14983043
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2003 Mar;47(6):1545-62
references.pmid: 12622811
references.citation: Appl Environ Microbiol. 2000 Dec;66(12):5167-73
references.pmid: 11097885
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2004 Jul;53(1):1-8
references.pmid: 15225298
references.citation: Trends Microbiol. 2002 Oct;10(10):462-9
references.pmid: 12377556
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Feb 19;99(4):2275-80
references.pmid: 11854524