title: Histoplasmine and paracoccidiodine epidemiological study in Upata, Bolívar state, Venezuela.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of histoplasmosis and paracoccidiomycosis in Upata, a city in Bolivar state, Venezuela.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cutaneous tests on 397 volunteers, 204 with histoplasmine and 193 with paracoccidioidine. Epidemiological data were collected in a protocol sheet. Readings were performed at 24 and 48 h post-injection, by the same observer, and a positive reaction was defined as hardened papule of 5 mm or more.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histoplasmine tests were positive in 19.6% and 34.0% at 24 and 48 h after antigens injection with a significant increase of reactivity (P=0.0019). Paracoccidiodine tests were positive in 11.3% and 19.7% at 24 and 48 h respectively and this difference was also significant (P=0.004). Risk factors which could explain these levels of reactivity could not be clearly identified. Cultures and animal inoculation from soil samples for fungus isolation were negative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Paracoccidioidomycoses and histoplasmosis are endemic in Upata.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Parasitología y Microbiología, Universidad de Oriente, Bolívar, Venezuela. jcerme@cantv.net
authors.forename: Julman R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cermeño
authors.forename: Julmery J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cermeño
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Gerardo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godoy
authors.forename: July J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Cermeño
authors.forename: Ismery
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cabello
authors.forename: Yida
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Orellán
authors.forename: Ytalia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Blanco
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Penna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019353:Endemic Diseases; D005260:Female; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006658:Histoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006660:Histoplasmosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010229:Paracoccidioidomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012882:Skin Tests / Q000379:methods; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D014687:Venezuela / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; C008765:paracoccidioidin