title: Does 'welfare-to-work' work? A systematic review of the effectiveness of the UK's welfare-to-work programmes for people with a disability or chronic illness.
abstract: Welfare-to-work programmes promoting employment of people with a disability or chronic illness are an expanding aspect of welfare reform in the UK. What evidence is there of impact on employment outcomes? This paper presents a systematic review of the evidence on UK policy initiatives. Both quantitative and qualitative studies were identified: 5399 abstracts were located, from which 16 studies were critically appraised. Overall, each of the five main welfare-to-work strategies operating in the 1990s helped people with disabilities into work, who were previously on benefits. The proportion of participants gaining employment after involvement ranged from 11% to 50%, dependent on characteristics of participants, such as 'job-readiness', as well as wider labour market context. As most studies were uncontrolled, it was difficult to determine if the improved employment chances were due to the effectiveness of the welfare-to-work interventions themselves or to external factors. Wider impact, such as uptake of schemes as a proportion of the total target population, was weak. The qualitative components identified barriers and facilitators concerned with effective implementation, to aid design of future initiatives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GB, UK.
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bambra
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000191:economics; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D004651:Employment / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011632:Public Assistance / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011640:Public Policy; D012946:Social Welfare / Q000191:economics* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006113:United Kingdom