title: Use of genome-wide expression profiling and mutagenesis to study the intestinal lifestyle of Campylobacter jejuni.
abstract: Campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of diarrhea worldwide. To colonize the gut and cause infection, C. jejuni must successfully compete with endogenous microbes for nutrients, resist host defenses, persist in the intestine, and ultimately infect the host. These challenges require the expression of a battery of colonization and virulence determinants. In this study, the intestinal lifestyle of C. jejuni was studied using whole-genome microarray, mutagenesis, and a rabbit ileal loop model. Genes associated with a wide range of metabolic, morphological, and pathological processes were expressed in vivo. The in vivo transcriptome of C. jejuni reflected its oxygen-limited, nutrient-poor, and hyperosmotic environment. Strikingly, the expression of several C. jejuni genes was found to be highly variable between individual rabbits. In particular, differential gene expression suggested that C. jejuni extensively remodels its envelope in vivo by differentially expressing its membrane proteins and by modifying its peptidoglycan and glycosylation composition. Furthermore, mutational analysis of seven genes, hspR, hrcA, spoT, Cj0571, Cj0178, Cj0341, and fliD, revealed an important role for the stringent and heat shock response in gut colonization. Overall, this study provides new insights on the mechanisms of gut colonization, as well as possible strategies employed by Campylobacter to resist or evade the host immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. stintzi@cvm.okstate.edu
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stintzi
authors.forename: Denver
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marlow
authors.forename: Kiran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palyada
authors.forename: Hemant
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naikare
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panciera
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Whitworth
authors.forename: Cyril
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Clarke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D007082:Ileum / Q000382:microbiology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011817:Rabbits; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins
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