title: Antiretroviral-associated Hepatotoxicity.
abstract: The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has dramatically reduced HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. As a result, patients are often being treated longer and with more complex medical regimens than ever before, increasing the risk for drug interactions and toxicities. In particular, hepatotoxicity caused by antiretroviral use has become an increasingly appreciated potential complication of drug treatment. All classes of antiretrovirals have been reported to induce liver enzyme abnormalities. However, certain antiretrovirals appear much more likely to be associated with drug-induced hepatotoxicity. The risk of antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity may be associated with patient-specific risk factors, including pre-existing viral hepatitis, baseline elevated liver function test results, female gender, and substance abuse. In addition, complex drug-drug interactions may potentate the risk of antiretroviral-associated hepatotoxicity. Coinfection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C appears to increase the risk of antiretroviral-related hepatotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Roche Laboratories Inc., 340 Kingsland Street, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA. kendra.kress@roche.com.
authors.forename: Kendra D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Kress
references.citation: AIDS. 2005 Jan 3;19(1):97-9
references.pmid: 15627041
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;38 Suppl 2:S104-8
references.pmid: 14986282
references.citation: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2004 Jul;20(7):716-22
references.pmid: 15307917
references.citation: N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 26;338(13):853-60
references.pmid: 9516219
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;38 Suppl 2:S65-72
references.pmid: 14986277
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Feb 1;35(2):120-5
references.pmid: 14722442
references.citation: Semin Liver Dis. 2003 May;23(2):183-94
references.pmid: 12800071
references.citation: Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2004 Jul;60(5):343-8
references.pmid: 15156302
references.citation: Semin Liver Dis. 2003 May;23(2):167-72
references.pmid: 12800069
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;38 Suppl 2:S49-55
references.pmid: 14986275
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;38 Suppl 2:S56-64
references.pmid: 14986276
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Jul 1;36(3):772-6
references.pmid: 15213559
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Feb 1;32(3):492-7
references.pmid: 11170959
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 1;39(3):402-10
references.pmid: 15307009
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;38 Suppl 2:S90-7
references.pmid: 14986280
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;38 Suppl 2:S109-13
references.pmid: 14986283
references.citation: AIDS. 2004 Mar 26;18(5):767-74
references.pmid: 15075511
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;38 Suppl 2:S73-9
references.pmid: 14986278
references.citation: AIDS. 2004 Nov 19;18(17):2277-84
references.pmid: 15577540
references.citation: Clin Liver Dis. 2003 May;7(2):475-99
references.pmid: 12879995
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Sep;34 Suppl 1:S34-9
references.pmid: 14562856
references.citation: AIDS. 2004 Nov 19;18(17):2221-34
references.pmid: 15577534
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Jun 1;33(2):146-52
references.pmid: 12794546
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004 Apr 15;35(5):492-502
references.pmid: 15021314
references.citation: Semin Liver Dis. 2003 May;23(2):173-82
references.pmid: 12800070
references.citation: Ann Intern Med. 2002 Mar 19;136(6):480-3
references.pmid: 11900502
references.citation: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Mar 1;32(3):259-67
references.pmid: 12626885
references.citation: Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Mar 1;38 Suppl 2:S80-9
references.pmid: 14986279