title: Valve morphology in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome: echocardiographic features.
abstract: Primary antiphospholipid antibody (PAP) syndrome can present with a variety of clinical manifestations including cardiac valvular lesions. Prior reports of the valvular lesions associated with PAP have been nonspecific. The purpose of this paper is to present four cases of patients with documented PAP and demonstrate the characteristic transesophageal echocardiographic features. The primary feature is focal, symmetrical, nodular thickening at the leaflet's coaptation points.
authors.forename: Fatema
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qaddoura
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Connolly
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grogan
authors.forename: Tom A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Orszulak
authors.forename: Hartzell V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Schaff
authors.forename: Krishnaswamy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chandrasekaran
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Click
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging