title: Histopathology of carotid body in heroin addiction. Possible chemosensitive impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a morphometric analysis of carotid bodies in opiate addicts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carotid bodies were sampled at autopsy from 35 subjects who died of heroin intoxication (mean age 26 years), and from eight young (22 years) and eight older subjects (66.5 years) who died of trauma. Sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin, azan-Mallory, and double-labelling immunohistochemistry with antineuronal specific enolase and anti-S100, to count type I and type II cells. Interlobular and intralobular connective tissue was increased both in the opiate cases (43.45 +/- 6.79%, P < 0.001, and 13.34 +/- 5.72%, P < 0.001, respectively) and older cases (46.67 +/- 1.65%, P < 0.001, and 9.62 +/- 2.11%, P < 0.05, respectively) compared with young cases (33.17 +/- 6.41% and 4.33 +/- 1.84%, respectively). The percentage of type II cells in the opiate cases (51.6 +/- 7.3%, P < 0.001) and in the older controls (49.0 +/- 7.2%, P < 0.01) was higher than in the young cases (37.9 +/- 3.0%). Among type I cells, the light cell percentage in the opiate cases (65.85 +/- 11%, P < 0.001) was reduced with respect to the two control groups (82.8 +/- 5.34%, young; 81.62 +/- 8.58%, older).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increases in connective tissue and type II cells are similar to findings in ageing and chronic pulmonary disease, and may be ascribed to glomic hypoxia. A direct action of opiates should be taken into account for the decrease in light cells in heroin addiction. The histopathological changes in the carotid body, by impairing chemosensivity, may play a role in the fatal cardiorespiratory derangement of heroin addicts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Porzionato
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Macchi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guidolin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parenti
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ferrara
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Caro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002344:Carotid Body / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009418:S100 Proteins; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase