title: Exogenous ACE2 expression allows refractory cell lines to support severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication.
abstract: Of 30 cell lines and primary cells examined, productive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Urbani strain) (SARS-CoV) infection after low-multiplicity inoculation was detected in only six: three African green monkey kidney epithelial cell lines (Vero, Vero E6, and MA104), a human colon epithelial line (CaCo-2), a porcine kidney epithelial line [PK(15)], and mink lung epithelial cells (Mv 1 Lu). SARS-CoV produced a lytic infection in Vero, Vero E6, and MA104 cells, but there was no visible cytopathic effect in Caco-2, Mv 1 Lu, or PK(15) cells. Multistep growth kinetics were identical in Vero E6 and MA104 cells, with maximum titer reached 24 h postinoculation (hpi). Virus titer was maximal 96 hpi in CaCo-2 cells, and virus was continually produced from infected CaCo-2 cells for at least 6 weeks after infection. CaCo-2 was the only human cell type of 13 tested that supported efficient SARS-CoV replication. Expression of the SARS-CoV receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), resulted in SARS-CoV replication in all refractory cell lines examined. Titers achieved were variable and dependent upon the method of ACE2 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1619, USA. ecmossel@colostate.edu
authors.forename: Eric C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Mossel
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Krishna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Tesh
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; D000818:Animals; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002268:Carboxypeptidases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D002415:Cats; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D008988:Herpestidae; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008907:Mink; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D011817:Rabbits; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D014417:Tupaia; D014709:Vero Cells; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D011991:Receptors, Virus; D002268:Carboxypeptidases; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; C000705307:ACE2 protein, human; C000705328:Ace2 protein, mouse; D000085962:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
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