title: The restoration potential of the Mesopotamian marshes of Iraq.
abstract: Uncontrolled releases of Tigris and Euphrates River waters after the 2003 war have partially restored some former marsh areas in southern Iraq, but restoration is failing in others because of high soil and water salinities. Nearly 20% of the original 15,000-square-kilometer marsh area was reflooded by March 2004, but the extent of marsh restoration is unknown. High-quality water, nonsaline soils, and the densest native vegetation were found in the only remaining natural marsh, the Al-Hawizeh, located on the Iranian border. Although substantially reduced in area and under current threat of an Iranian dike, it has the potential to be a native repopulation center for the region. Rapid reestablishment, high productivity, and reproduction of native flora and fauna in reflooded former marsh areas indicate a high probability for successful restoration, provided the restored wetlands are hydraulically designed to allow sufficient flow of noncontaminated water and flushing of salts through the ecosystem.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Wetland Center, Nicholas School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Box 90333, Durham, NC 27708, USA. curtr@duke.edu
authors.forename: Curtis J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reiss
authors.forename: Najah A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Azzam J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Alwash
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Pool
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D005618:Fresh Water; D007493:Iraq; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis; D063245:Plant Development; D045483:Rivers; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012987:Soil; D014872:Water Movements; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D012987:Soil; D015262:Xenobiotics; D012965:Sodium Chloride