title: Wood adhesives prepared from lucerne fiber fermentation residues of Ruminococcus albus and Clostridium thermocellum.
abstract: Fermentation residues (consisting of incompletely fermented fiber, adherent bacterial cells, and a glycocalyx material that enhanced bacterial adherence) were obtained by growing the anaerobic cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus 7 or Clostridium thermocellum ATCC 27405 on a fibrous fraction derived from lucerne (Medicago sativa L.). The dried residue was able to serve as an effective co-adhesive for phenol-formaldehyde (PF) bonding of aspen veneer sheets to one another. Testing of the resulting plywood panels revealed that the adhesive, formulated to contain 30% of its total dry weight as fermentation residue, displayed shear strength and wood failure values under both wet and dry conditions that were comparable with those of industry standards for PF that contained much smaller amounts of fillers or extenders. By contrast, PF adhesives prepared with 30% of dry weight as either unfermented lucerne fiber or conventional fillers or extenders rather than as fermentation residues, displayed poor performance, particularly under wet conditions.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1925 Linden Drive West, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA. pjweimer@facstaff.wisc.edu
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Weimer
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Koegel
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lorenz
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Frihart
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Kenealy
mesh_terms: D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D048013:Acetivibrio thermocellus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D000455:Medicago sativa / Q000378:metabolism*; D019800:Phenol / Q000737:chemistry; D045857:Ruminococcus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D000269:Adhesives; D005557:Formaldehyde; D019800:Phenol