title: Whither causal models in the neuroscience of ADHD?
abstract: In this paper we examine the current status of the science of ADHD from a theoretical point of view. While the field has reached the point at which a number of causal models have been proposed, it remains some distance away from demonstrating the viability of such models empirically. We identify a number of existing barriers and make proposals as to the best way for these to be overcome in future studies. These include the need to work across multiple levels of analysis in multidisciplinary teams; the need to recognize the existence of, and then model, causal heterogeneity; the need to integrate environmental and social processes into models of genetic and neurobiological influence; and the need to model developmental processes in a dynamic fashion. Such a model of science, although difficult to achieve, has the potential to provide the sort of framework for programmatic model-based research required if the power and sophistication of new neuroscience technologies are to be effectively exploited.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Dundee, Ninewella Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK. david.coghill@tpct.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coghill
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nigg
authors.forename: Aribert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothenberger
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonuga-Barke
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tannock
mesh_terms: D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000639:trends*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012931:Social Environment
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents