title: Altered function in CD8+ T cells following paramyxovirus infection of the respiratory tract.
abstract: For many respiratory pathogens, CD8+ T cells have been shown to play a critical role in clearance. However, there are still many unanswered questions with regard to the factors that promote the most efficacious immune response and the potential for immunoregulation of effector cells at the local site of infection. We have used infection of the respiratory tract with the model paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) to study CD8+ T-cell responses in the lung. For the present study, we report that over time a population of nonresponsive, virus-specific CD8+ T cells emerged in the lung, culminating in a lack of function in approximately 85% of cells specific for the immunodominant epitope from the viral matrix (M) protein by day 40 postinfection. Concurrent with the induction of nonresponsiveness, virus-specific cells that retained function at later times postinfection exhibited an increased requirement for CD8 engagement. This change was coupled with a nearly complete loss of functional phosphoprotein-specific cells, a response previously shown to be almost exclusively CD8 independent. These studies add to the growing evidence for immune dysregulation following viral infection of the respiratory tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Room 5108, Gray Building, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Subhashini
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arimilli
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Griffith D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: Martha A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alexander-Miller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D045402:Parainfluenza Virus 5 / Q000276:immunology*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000276:immunology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D019351:Rubulavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000939:Epitopes; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma
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