title: Chemotherapy in metastatic renal cell cancer.
abstract: Currently, there is no standard treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who do not respond to or progress after transient remission to first-line immunotherapy. At the end of the 1990s, no single chemotherapeutic drug, alone or in combination with interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-alfa (IFN), had shown activity beyond the one expected by immunotherapy alone. New drugs on the market such as the pyrimidine analog gemcitabine or taxane-based chemotherapeutics may show promising tumor activity in combination with targeted therapy, but this has to be substantiated in upcoming trials. There is a great need to develop effective systemic therapy for advanced MRCC and to evaluate the efficacy of new drugs in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology and Radiotherapy, The Norwegian Radium University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. wolfgang.lilleby@klinmed.uio.no
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lilleby
authors.forename: Sophie D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Fosså
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary
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