Hepatitis G virus genomic RNA is pathogenic to Macaca mulatta.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the pathogenicity and infectivity of hepatitis G virus (HGV) by observing replication and expression of the virus, as well as the serological and histological changes of Macaca mulatta infected with HGV genomic RNA or HGV RNA-positive serum.


METHODS
Full-length HGV cDNA clone (HGVqz) was constructed and proved to be infectious, from which HGV genomic RNA was transcribed in vitro. Macaca mulatta BY1 was intra-hepatically inoculated with HGV genomic RNA, HGV RNA-positive serum from BY1 was intravenously inoculated into Macaca mulatta BM1, and then BB1 was infected with serum from BM1. Serum and liver tissue were taken regularly, and checked with RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and other immunological, serological, histological assays.


RESULTS
Serum HGV RNA was detectable in all the 3 Macaca mulattas, serological and histological examinations showed the experimental animals had slightly elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) and developed HGV viremia during the infectious period. The histology, immunohis-tochemistry, and in situ hybridization in liver tissues of the inoculated animals demonstrated a very mild hepatitis with HGV antigen expression in cytoplasm of hepatocytes. RT-PCR and quantitative PCR results showed that HGV could replicate in liver.


CONCLUSIONS
The genomic RNA from full-length HGV cDNA is infectious to the Macaca mulatta and can cause mild hepatitis. HGV RNA-positive serum, from HGV RNA inoculated Macaca mulatta, is infectious to other Macaca mulattas. Macaca mulatta is susceptible to the inoculated HGV, and therefore can be used as an experimental animal model for the studies of HGV infection and pathogenesis.
Ren
Hao
H
Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
Zhu
Fen-Lu
FL
Cao
Ming-Mei
MM
Wen
Xin-Yu
XY
Zhao
Ping
P
Qi
Zhong-Tian
ZT
D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D018178:Flaviviridae Infections / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D029407:GB virus C / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016679:Genome, Viral; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006524:Hepatitis, Viral, Animal / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D014774:Virulence; D014779:Virus Replication
D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D012367:RNA, Viral; D000410:Alanine Transaminase
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