title: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in monitoring the effect of a vascular targeting agent on rhabdomyosarcoma in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for monitoring tumor response in rats after administration of combretastatin A4 phosphate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study protocol was approved by local ethical committee for animal care and use. Rhabdomyosarcomas implanted subcutaneously in both flanks of 17 rats were evaluated with 1.5-T MR unit by using four-channel wrist coil. Transverse T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequences, T1-weighted spin-echo sequences before and after gadodiamide administration, and transverse echo-planar diffusion-weighted MR examinations were performed before, 1 and 6 hours, and 2 and 9 days after intraperitoneal injection of vascular targeting agent (combretastatin A4 phosphate, 25 mg/kg). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was automatically calculated from diffusion-weighted MR imaging findings. These findings were compared with histopathologic results at each time point. For statistical analysis, paired Student t tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple testing were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  T1-weighted images before combretastatin administration showed enhancement of solid tumor tissue but not of central necrosis. At 1 and 6 hours after combretastatin injection, enhancement of solid tissue disappeared almost completely, with exception of small peripheral rim. At 2 and 9 days after combretastatin injection, enhancement progressively reappeared in tumor periphery. ADC, however, showed decrease early after combretastatin injection ([1.26 +/- 0.16]x 10(-3) mm2/sec before, [1.18 +/- 0.17]x 10(-3) mm2/sec 1 hour after [P=.0005] and [1.08 +/- 0.14]x 10(-3) mm(2)/sec 6 hours after [P=.0007] combretastatin A4 phosphate injection), histologically corresponding to vessel congestion and vascular shutdown in periphery but no necrosis. An increase of ADC ([1.79 +/- 0.13]x 10(-3) mm2/sec) (P <.0001) 2 days after combretastatin A4 phosphate injection was paralleled by progressive histologic necrosis. A significant (P <.0001) decrease in ADC 9 days after treatment ([1.41 +/- 0.15]x 10(-3) mm2/sec) corresponded to tumor regrowth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to basic relaxation-weighted MR imaging and postgadolinium T1-weighted MR imaging to enable prompt detection of vascular shutdown, diffusion-weighted MR imaging was used to discriminate between nonperfused but viable and necrotic tumor tissues for early monitoring of therapeutic effects of vascular targeting agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Harriet C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Thoeny
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: De Keyzer
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yicheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Landuyt
authors.forename: Eric K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Verbeken
authors.forename: Hilde
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bosmans
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marchal
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hermans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001632:Bibenzyls / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003287:Contrast Media; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001632:Bibenzyls; D003287:Contrast Media; D013267:Stilbenes; C040105:combretastatin; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA