title: Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Co-treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii appears to lower the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in adults receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether S. boulardii prevents antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 269 children (aged 6 months to 14 years) with otitis media and/or respiratory tract infections were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial in which they received standard antibiotic treatment plus 250 mg of S. boulardii (experimental group, n = 132) or a placebo (control group, n = 137) orally twice daily for the duration of antibiotic treatment. Analyses were based on allocated treatment and included data from 246 children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients receiving S. boulardii had a lower prevalence of diarrhoea (> or =3 loose or watery stools/day for > or =48 h occurring during or up to 2 weeks after the antibiotic therapy) than those receiving placebo [nine of 119 (8%) vs. 29 of 127 (23%), relative risk: 0.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.2-0.7]. S. boulardii also reduced the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile or otherwise unexplained diarrhoea) compared with placebo [four of 119 (3.4%) vs. 22 of 127 (17.3%), relative risk: 0.2; 95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.5]. No adverse events were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first randomized-controlled trial evidence that S. boulardii effectively reduces the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kotowska
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Szajewska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012440:Saccharomyces; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents