title: Psychosocial aspects of patients with focal hyperhidrosis. Marked reduction of social phobia, anxiety and depression and increased quality of life after treatment with botulinum toxin A.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary focal hyperhidrosis (PFH) is defined as excessive sweating typically localized to specific body areas such as axillae, hands and feet. An association between PFH and anxiety as well as depressive syndromes has been suggested.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a possible association between PFH and anxiety, depression, social phobia and quality of life, and to study the effect of treatment with botulinum toxin A on these factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  PFH was confirmed clinically and by gravimetry. To measure anxiety and depressive syndromes several German versions of standardized questionnaires were used: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory G Form X2 (STAI), Social Phobia Scale (SPS), Symptom Checklist of Derogatis (SCL-90-R), subscales 'Social Insecurity', 'Depression', 'Anxiety' and 'Phobia', and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Quality of life was assessed using Skindex. Two analyses were performed. The first analysis included all patients with PFH, the second analysis only patients with PFH who were treated with botulinum toxin A. In the latter group the questionnaires were repeated 2-4 weeks after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the total group at baseline the values for STAI, SCL-90-R, HADS-D and SPS were well within the normal range. However, in the group of patients treated with botulinum toxin A, the mean +/- SD SPS score was 17.6 +/- 15.5, i.e. above the normal range. Quality of life was impaired, with a mean +/- SD Skindex score of 24.3 +/- 5.7 at baseline. Treatment with botulinum toxin A led to a significant reduction in all investigated symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite an impaired quality of life, patients with PFH in general do not show increased symptoms of anxiety, depression or social phobia. Only in the subgroup of patients treated with botulinum toxin A was the SPS increased at baseline. Treatment with botulinum toxin A led to a marked improvement in all factors investigated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, D-68072 Mannheim, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sinkgraven
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heckmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Elsner
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rzany
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006945:Hyperhidrosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A