title: Bactericidal effects of toluidine blue-mediated photodynamic action on Vibrio vulnificus.
abstract: Vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative, highly invasive bacterium responsible for human opportunistic infections. We studied the antibacterial effects of toluidine blue O (TBO)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) for V. vulnificus wound infections in mice. Fifty-three percent (10 of 19) of mice treated with 100 microg of TBO per ml and exposed to broad-spectrum red light (150 J/cm(2) at 80 mW/cm(2)) survived, even though systemic septicemia had been established with a bacterial inoculum 100 times the 50% lethal dose. In vitro, the bacteria were killed after exposure to a lower light dose (100 J/cm(2) at 80 mW/cm(2)) in the presence of low-dose TBO (0.1 microg/ml). PDT severely damaged the cell wall and reduced cell motility and virulence. Cell-killing effects were dependent on the TBO concentration and light doses and were mediated partly through the reactive oxygen species generated during the photodynamic reaction. Our study has demonstrated that PDT can cure mice with otherwise fatal V. vulnificus wound infections. These promising results suggest the potential of this regimen as a possible alternative to antibiotics in future clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tak-Wah
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Yin-Yi
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hamm-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Sheu
authors.forename: Yin-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chuang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000187:drug effects; D005407:Flagella / Q000187:drug effects; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D014048:Tolonium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014735:Vibrio Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D041261:Vibrio vulnificus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014048:Tolonium Chloride
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