title: Effect of EDTA alone and in combination with polygodial on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
abstract: The antifungal activity of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was significantly affected by various conditions such as inoculum size, pH, and metal ions (Mg(2+), Ca(2+)). EDTA was found to be effective against this yeast at the inoculum size of 10(5) colony forming units (CFU)/mL with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 400 mug/mL and the minimum fungicidal concentration of 6400 mug/mL, but it was not effective at 10(7) CFU/mL up to 6400 mug/mL. The fungicidal activity of EDTA against S. cerevisiae was significantly enhanced in combination with polygodial. Isobolograms, fractional inhibitory concentration, and fractional fungicidal concentration indices were used for evaluating the interaction between combined compounds. This synergistic effect is likely due to polygodial's destructive action on the cellular membrane, which facilitates the transmembrane transport of foreign compounds (EDTA) into yeast cells. Once inside the cells, EDTA forms chelation with divalent metals such as Mg(2+) and Ca(2+), which are required by various essential enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3112, USA. ikubo@uclink.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Sang Hwa
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae Joung
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ha
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C034380:polygodial; D004492:Edetic Acid; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium