title: Mycophenolate mofetil substitution for cyclosporine a in renal transplant recipients with chronic progressive allograft dysfunction: the "creeping creatinine" study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study determined whether cyclosporine A (CsA)-treated renal allograft recipients with deteriorating renal function ("creeping creatinine") secondary to chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) benefit from the addition of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) to their immunosuppressive regimen, followed by withdrawal of CsA.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a controlled, open, multicenter study, CsA-treated renal allograft recipients with progressively deteriorating renal function were randomized to have their CsA discontinued with the concomitant addition of MMF to their regimen (group A) or to continue treatment with CsA (group B). The primary endpoint was the response rate over the 6-month period after withdrawal of CsA in group A or the equivalent time in group B. Response was defined as a stabilization or reduction of serum creatinine (SCr), as evidenced by a flattening or positive slope of the 1/SCr plot and no graft loss. Secondary endpoints included the incidence of acute rejection, graft and patient survival, and changes in selected metabolic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate in the primary intent-to-treat population (n=122) was 58% (36/62) in group A versus 32% (19/60) in group B (P=0.0060). The corresponding percentages of responders in the per-protocol population (n=107) were 60% (36/60) and 26% (12/47), respectively (P=0.0008). There were no acute rejections in group A during the study period. Patients in this group also experienced a significant decrease in total cholesterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with progressively deteriorating renal function secondary to CAN, addition of MMF followed by withdrawal of CsA results in a significant improvement in transplant function without the risk of acute rejection.
authors.affiliation: Richard Bright Renal Unit, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol BS10 5NB, United Kingdom. chris.dudley@north-bristol.swest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pohanka
authors.forename: Hany
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Riad
authors.forename: Jarmila
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dedochova
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wijngaard
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sutter
authors.forename: Hélio Tedesco
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid