O Anna: being Bertha Pappenheim--historiography and biography.
OBJECTIVE
To review the famous case of Anna O. (the index case of psychoanalysis) as seen by each generation, in the light of current knowledge and thinking.


CONCLUSIONS
The case was neither a catharsis nor a cure as described. Historical research has revealed a significantly different outcome, shedding new light on the motives of the chief protagonists, Breuer and Freud. No less interesting but greatly neglected is the life of Bertha Pappenheim, the real identity of Anna O.
Kaplan
Robert
R
The Liaison Clinic, Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia. rkaplan@bigpond.com
D001317:Austria; D005197:Famous Persons; D005260:Female; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007046:Hysteria / Q000266:history*; D011572:Psychoanalysis / Q000266:history*; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory