title: Distorted odorant perception: analysis of a series of 56 patients with parosmia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the self-reported olfactory and gustatory symptoms, olfactory function, and causes in parosmia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Assessment of olfactory symptoms and function in patients with a chief complaint of parosmia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital clinic and research facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six consecutive patients presented to the ORL Clinic, European Hospital Georges Pompidou, with a chief complaint of parosmia between October 2001 and November 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjective olfactory symptom analysis and olfactory function test results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean duration of parosmia was 63.0 months. Forty patients (71.4%) reported associated hyposmia and 16 (28.6%) reported anosmia. Olfactory testing revealed moderate to severe olfactory loss in all patients. Quantitative and qualitative alterations occurred simultaneously in 32 patients (57.1%); parosmia onset occurred within 3 months after quantitative dysosmia in 19 patients (33.9%) and after 3 months in 5 patients (8.9%). The sensation of parosmia was always unpleasant. The main odorant triggers eliciting parosmia are described. The mean severity of flavor dysfunction of the population, evaluated using a 10-cm visual analog scale, was 6.4. Thirty-one patients (55.4%) viewed their olfactory alteration as severely affecting their quality of life. The main clinical association of parosmia was upper respiratory tract infection, found in 42.8% of the patients. Others clinical associations are described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The series of patients with parosmia presented herein, the largest in the literature, permits a clinical description of this rare olfactory abnormality.
authors.affiliation: ORL Research Laboratory and Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPRESSA 7060, F-75105 Paris, France. pierre.bonfils@egp.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonfils
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Avan
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faulcon
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Malinvaud
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011788:Quality of Life