title: Effects of docetaxel on antigen presentation-related functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Docetaxel (TXT) is a unique chemotherapeutic agent that has been approved for treating various types of malignancies. TXT stabilizes microtubule assembly in cells and causes various dysfunctions of microtubule-dependent cellular events. Patients with advanced malignancies are beginning to receive TXT in combination with immunotherapy; however, the influence of TXT at clinically achievable serum concentrations (less than 10(-6) M) on antigen presentation-related functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immature Mo-DCs (imMo-DCs) were generated from peripheral blood monocytes with interleukin-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vitro. Mature Mo-DCs (mMo-DCs) were induced from imMo-DCs with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E(2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TXT at concentrations lower than 10(-7) M did not significantly affect cellular viability, phagocytosis, or expression of antigen presentation-related molecules of Mo-DCs. In contrast, TXT at concentrations lower than 10(-9) M significantly suppressed directional motility of imMo-DCs toward MIP-1alpha and of mMo-DCs toward MIP-3beta. However, TXT had no effect on either CCR1 expression by imMo-DCs or CCR7 expression by mMo-DCs. No gross changes in the microtubule skeleton were evident by immunofluorescence microscopy after treatment with TXT at less than 10(-8) M. However, reduced numbers of imMo-DCs with podosomes localized primarily in one cell region were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results indicate that different concentrations of TXT influence antigen presentation-related functions differently. In particular, TXT at relatively low therapeutic doses disrupts chemotactic motility of Mo-DCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka City, 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tasaki
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuroki
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morisaki
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katano
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000639:trends; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D043823:Taxoids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel