title: Characterization of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A viruses isolated from South Korea.
abstract: An unprecedented outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been reported for poultry in eight different Asian countries, including South Korea, since December 2003. A phylogenetic analysis of the eight viral genes showed that the H5N1 poultry isolates from South Korea were of avian origin and contained the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (Gs/Gd) lineage. The current H5N1 strains in Asia, including the Korean isolates, share a gene constellation similar to that of the Penfold Park, Hong Kong, isolates from late 2002 and contain some molecular markers that seem to have been fixed in the Gs/Gd lineage virus since 2001. However, despite genetic similarities among recent H5N1 isolates, the topology of the phylogenetic tree clearly differentiates the Korean isolates from the Vietnamese and Thai isolates which have been reported to infect humans. A representative Korean isolate was inoculated into mice, with no mortality and no virus being isolated from the brain, although high titers of virus were observed in the lungs. The same isolate, however, caused systemic infections in chickens and quail and killed all of the birds within 2 and 4 days of intranasal inoculation, respectively. This isolate also replicated in multiple organs and tissues of ducks and caused some mortality. However, lower virus titers were observed in all corresponding tissues of ducks than in chicken and quail tissues, and the histological lesions were restricted to the respiratory tract. This study characterizes the molecular and biological properties of the H5N1 HPAI viruses from South Korea and emphasizes the need for comparative analyses of the H5N1 isolates from different countries to help elucidate the risk of a human pandemic from the strains of H5N1 HPAI currently circulating in Asia.
authors.affiliation: Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA.
authors.forename: Chang-Won
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Terrence M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Tumpey
authors.forename: Haan-Woo
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Yong-Kuk
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Youn-Jeong
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jun-Gu
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Seong-Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Joh
authors.forename: Min-Chul
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Kyoung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong-Myung
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spackman
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Swayne
authors.forename: Jae-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000821:virology; D002645:Chickens; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004372:Ducks; D005814:Genes, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000235:genetics; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009439:Neuraminidase / Q000235:genetics; D010179:Pancreas / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D011200:Poultry; D011784:Quail; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; D009439:Neuraminidase
references.citation: J Virol. 2000 Jul;74(14):6592-9
references.pmid: 10864673
references.citation: Lancet. 1999 Sep 11;354(9182):916-7
references.pmid: 10489954
references.citation: Annu Rev Biochem. 2000;69:531-69
references.pmid: 10966468
references.citation: J Virol. 2000 Nov;74(22):10807-10
references.pmid: 11044127
references.citation: J Med Virol. 2001 Mar;63(3):242-6
references.pmid: 11170064
references.citation: Virology. 2001 Mar 15;281(2):156-62
references.pmid: 11277689
references.citation: J Virol. 2001 Jul;75(14):6687-91
references.pmid: 11413336
references.citation: Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1840-2
references.pmid: 11546875
references.citation: J Virol. 2002 Jan;76(1):118-26
references.pmid: 11739677
references.citation: Virology. 2002 Jan 5;292(1):16-23
references.pmid: 11878904
references.citation: Avian Dis. 2002 Jan-Mar;46(1):53-63
references.pmid: 11924603
references.citation: J Virol. 2002 Jun;76(12):6344-55
references.pmid: 12021367
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jun 25;99(13):8950-5
references.pmid: 12077307
references.citation: Nat Med. 2002 Sep;8(9):950-4
references.pmid: 12195436
references.citation: J Infect Chemother. 2003 Sep;9(3):195-200
references.pmid: 14513385
references.citation: Avian Dis. 2003;47(3 Suppl):956-67
references.pmid: 14575094
references.citation: Lancet. 2004 Feb 21;363(9409):617-9
references.pmid: 14987888
references.citation: Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1838-42
references.pmid: 14764886
references.citation: Science. 2004 Mar 19;303(5665):1866-70
references.pmid: 14764887
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 30;101(13):4620-4
references.pmid: 15070767
references.citation: J Virol. 2004 May;78(9):4892-901
references.pmid: 15078970
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 May 25;101(21):8156-61
references.pmid: 15148370
references.citation: Nature. 2004 Jul 8;430(6996):209-13
references.pmid: 15241415
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 13;101(28):10452-7
references.pmid: 15235128
references.citation: Lancet. 1982 Oct 9;2(8302):812-3
references.pmid: 6126676
references.citation: Nature. 1983 Jul 7-13;304(5921):76-8
references.pmid: 6191220
references.citation: Avian Dis. 1983 Jul-Sep;27(3):745-50
references.pmid: 6639551
references.citation: Cell. 1987 Aug 28;50(5):665-6
references.pmid: 3304656
references.citation: Virology. 1989 Nov;173(1):317-22
references.pmid: 2815586
references.citation: Virology. 1994 Nov 15;205(1):17-23
references.pmid: 7975212
references.citation: Vet Pathol. 1997 Nov;34(6):557-67
references.pmid: 9396136
references.citation: Science. 1998 Jan 16;279(5349):393-6
references.pmid: 9430591
references.citation: Lancet. 1998 Feb 14;351(9101):467-71
references.pmid: 9482437
references.citation: Lancet. 1998 Feb 14;351(9101):472-7
references.pmid: 9482438
references.citation: J Virol. 1998 Aug;72(8):6678-88
references.pmid: 9658115
references.citation: J Virol. 1998 Sep;72(9):7626-31
references.pmid: 9696865
references.citation: J Virol. 1999 Apr;73(4):3184-9
references.pmid: 10074171
references.citation: J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):5903-11
references.pmid: 10364342
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Aug 3;96(16):9363-7
references.pmid: 10430948
references.citation: J Virol. 2000 Feb;74(3):1443-50
references.pmid: 10627555
references.citation: Virology. 2000 Feb 15;267(2):279-88
references.pmid: 10662623
references.citation: J Virol. 2000 Jul;74(14):6309-15
references.pmid: 10864640
references.citation: Virology. 1999 Aug 15;261(1):15-9
references.pmid: 10484749
references.citation: J Virol. 2000 Sep;74(18):8502-12
references.pmid: 10954551