The rise and fall of priming: how visual exposure shapes cortical representations of objects.
How does the amount of time for which we see an object influence the nature and content of its cortical representation? To address this question, we varied the duration of initial exposure to visual objects and then measured functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal and behavioral performance during a subsequent repeated presentation of these objects. We report a novel 'rise-and-fall' pattern relating exposure duration and the corresponding magnitude of fMRI cortical signal. Compared with novel objects, repeated objects elicited maximal cortical response reduction when initially presented for 250 ms. Counter-intuitively, initially seeing an object for a longer duration significantly reduced the magnitude of this effect. This 'rise-and-fall' pattern was also evident for the corresponding behavioral priming. To account for these findings, we propose that the earlier interval of an exposure to a visual stimulus results in a fine-tuning of the cortical response, while additional exposure promotes selection of a subset of key features for continued representation. These two independent mechanisms complement each other in shaping object representations with experience.
Zago
Laure
L
Martinos Imaging Center at MGH, Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
Fenske
Mark J
MJ
Aminoff
Elissa
E
Bar
Moshe
M
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000502:physiology*
Hum Brain Mapp. 1999;8(4):157-69
10619411
J Cogn Neurosci. 2004 Nov;16(9):1625-32
15601524
Neuron. 1999 Sep;24(1):187-203
10677037
Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1269-72
10678834
Neuron. 2000 Jul;27(1):179-89
10939341
Cereb Cortex. 2000 Dec;10(12):1176-84
11073867
Hum Brain Mapp. 2000 Dec;11(4):249-60
11144754
Neuropsychologia. 2001;39(2):184-99
11163375
Neuroimage. 2001 Feb;13(2):272-82
11162268
Neuron. 2001 Feb;29(2):529-35
11239441
Cereb Cortex. 2001 May;11(5):384-99
11313291
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2001 Apr;107(1-3):293-321
11388140
J Cogn Neurosci. 2001 Aug 15;13(6):793-9
11564323
Cereb Cortex. 2002 Feb;12(2):178-86
11739265
Cereb Cortex. 2002 May;12(5):545-51
11950772
Nat Neurosci. 2002 May;5(5):491-9
11967545
Neuropsychologia. 2003;41(3):263-70
12457752
Neuroimage. 2002 Sep;17(1):317-23
12482086
Curr Biol. 2003 Mar 18;13(6):493-7
12646132
Neuron. 2003 Apr 24;38(2):347-58
12718867
J Cogn Neurosci. 2003 May 15;15(4):600-9
12803970
Neuroimage. 2003 Jul;19(3):613-26
12880792
Br J Psychol. 2003 Aug;94(Pt 3):389-408
14511550
Mem Cognit. 2003 Oct;31(7):997-1008
14704015
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2004 Feb;30(1):104-18
14769071
Nature. 2004 Mar 18;428(6980):316-9
14990968
Neuron. 2004 Jun 10;42(5):865-75
15182724
J Neurosci. 2004 Jul 14;24(28):6283-90
15254083
Nat Neurosci. 2004 Sep;7(9):992-6
15286791
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2004 Nov;5(11):853-62
15496863
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1981 Sep;110(3):306-40
6457080
Cogn Psychol. 1987 Oct;19(4):473-97
3677584
J Opt Soc Am A. 1987 Oct;4(10):2006-21
3430211
Science. 1990 Jan 19;247(4940):301-6
2296719
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1991 May;17(3):507-13
1829474
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1991 Sep;17(5):954-62
1834776
J Neurophysiol. 1993 Jun;69(6):1918-29
8350131
Proc Biol Sci. 1994 Jul 22;257(1348):9-15
8090795
Percept Psychophys. 1994 Nov;56(5):525-35
7991350
J Neurosci. 1995 Jan;15(1 Pt 1):12-29
7823123
J Neurosci. 1995 Mar;15(3 Pt 1):1984-97
7891146
J Neurosci. 1995 Sep;15(9):5870-8
7666172
Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 1995 Dec;3(1):17-24
8719018
Behav Brain Res. 1996 Apr;76(1-2):191-7
8734053
Comput Biomed Res. 1996 Jun;29(3):162-73
8812068
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 26;93(24):13494-9
8942962
Spat Vis. 1997;11(1):99-101
9304758
Neuron. 1998 Feb;20(2):285-96
9491989
Prog Neurobiol. 1998 Jun;55(2):149-89
9618747
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1998 Apr;8(2):227-33
9635206
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Oct 13;95(21):12729-33
9770554
Neuroreport. 1998 Nov 16;9(16):3735-9
9858388
J Neurophysiol. 1998 Dec;80(6):2918-40
9862896
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Feb 16;96(4):1790-3
9990103
Mem Cognit. 1999 Mar;27(2):267-75
10226437
Neuroreport. 1999 Apr 6;10(5):1019-23
10321478
Neuron. 1999 Jul;23(3):513-22
10433263
Cereb Cortex. 1999 Jul-Aug;9(5):445-58
10450890
Nature. 1999 Aug 26;400(6747):869-73
10476965
Hum Brain Mapp. 1999;8(2-3):109-14
10524601
Hum Brain Mapp. 1999;8(4):272-84
10619420