title: Effects of orientation, intermittent rest and vehicle cleaning during transport on development of transport-related respiratory disease in horses.
abstract: The effects of various factors on the inflammatory and stress response in horses during transportation were examined in Experiments 1 and 2, carried out in April and August, respectively. In Experiment 1, three groups (G1-G3) of four Thoroughbreds were used, and in Experiment 2, two groups (G4, G5). G1 animals were loaded into lorries with their heads facing forwards (FF) and given periods of short rest (SR) (30 min for every 4 h driven). G2 horses were loaded facing rearwards (FR) and given SR. G3 horses were FF and given periods of long rest (LR) (2 h rest for every 4 h driven). G4 horses were transported FF with hay suspended in front of them and no cleaning of faeces or urine during rest stops. G5 horses were FF and given pellets instead of hay, and the lorry was cleaned and washed at each rest stop. G4 and G5 horses were rested for 1 h after every 5 h of driving. All groups were driven a distance of 1500 km, and the total journey time was 37 h for G1 and G2, 49 h for G3, and 40 h for G4 and G5. In Experiment 1, indicators of inflammatory and stress responses tended to be highest in G1, intermediate in G2 and lowest in G3. In Experiment 2 they tended to be higher in G4 than in G5. The results suggested that increasing the rest time and cleaning the interior of the vehicle during rest stops reduced transportation stress and respiratory insults, factors that may lead to respiratory disease.
authors.affiliation: Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 320-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hobo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyamada
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014186:Transportation