title: Assessment of portal vein invasion in pancreatic cancer by fusion 3-dimensional ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of a newly developed imaging technique, fusion 3-dimensional ultrasonography (3DUS) in the diagnosis of portal vein (PV) invasion in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen patients with proven PC were examined by fusion 3DUS presented as shaded volume-rendering and multiplanar reconstruction images. The surgical findings were obtained in all patients (12 with resection and 2 without). The findings were compared with those of 2-dimensional ultrasonography (2DUS), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), dynamic CT (DCT), angiography, and surgical findings. Portal vein invasion was assessed by 3 independent radiologists for each modality, and objectivity of the assessment was examined by interobserver variability analysis (kappa value).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of surgical findings, the accuracy rates of 2DUS, fusion 3DUS, DCT, and angiography were 78.6%, 92.9%, 85.3%, and 66.7%, respectively. The kappa values of 2DUS, fusion 3DUS, DCT, and angiography for PV invasion were 0.57, 0.90, 0.63, and 0.49, respectively, being most objective in fusion 3DUS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fusion 3DUS is useful for diagnosis of PV invasion of PC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Akitoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Taketo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohshima
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ohno
authors.forename: Katsushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seza
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sudo
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tadenuma
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saisho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*