title: Ozone-induced programmed cell death in the Arabidopsis radical-induced cell death1 mutant.
abstract: Short, high-concentration peaks of the atmospheric pollutant ozone (O(3)) cause the formation of cell death lesions on the leaves of sensitive plants. Numerous similarities between the plant responses to O(3) and pathogens suggest that O(3) triggers hypersensitive response-like programmed cell death (PCD). We examined O(3) and superoxide-induced cell death in the O(3)-sensitive radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1) mutant. Dying cells in O(3)-exposed rcd1 exhibited several of the typical morphological characteristics of the hypersensitive response and PCD. Double-mutant analyses indicated a requirement for salicylic acid and the function of the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel AtCNGC2 in cell death. Furthermore, a requirement for ATPases, kinases, transcription, Ca(2+) flux, caspase-like proteolytic activity, and also one or more phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-sensitive protease activities was shown for the development of cell death lesions in rcd1. Furthermore, mitogen-activated protein kinases showed differential activation patterns in rcd1 and Columbia. Taken together, these results directly demonstrate the induction of PCD by O(3).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences , University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Kirk
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overmyer
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brosché
authors.forename: Riikka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pellinen
authors.forename: Tero
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuittinen
authors.forename: Hannele
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuominen
authors.forename: Reetta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahlfors
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keinänen
authors.forename: Mart
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saarma
authors.forename: Dierk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scheel
authors.forename: Jaakko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kangasjärvi
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D015870:Gene Expression; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010126:Ozone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D020156:Salicylic Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C492758:RCD1 protein, Arabidopsis; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D010126:Ozone; D020156:Salicylic Acid; D002118:Calcium
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2000 Sep;12(9):1633-46
references.pmid: 11006337
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 1;97(16):9323-8
references.pmid: 10900264
references.citation: Toxicol Pathol. 1999 Jul-Aug;27(4):484-90
references.pmid: 10485836
references.citation: Plant J. 2003 Feb;33(4):621-32
references.pmid: 12609037
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2001 Apr 6;276(14):10655-62
references.pmid: 11139570
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1999 Nov;121(3):753-61
references.pmid: 10557223
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2002 Feb;128(2):400-10
references.pmid: 11842144
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2003 Jul;8(7):335-42
references.pmid: 12878018
references.citation: Nature. 2002 Feb 28;415(6875):977-83
references.pmid: 11875555
references.citation: Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):855-8
references.pmid: 15297671
references.citation: Cell. 1997 Feb 7;88(3):347-54
references.pmid: 9039261
references.citation: Science. 1996 Sep 27;273(5283):1853-6
references.pmid: 8791589
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2000 Oct;12(10):1849-62
references.pmid: 11041881
references.citation: Planta. 2001 Sep;213(5):682-90
references.pmid: 11678271
references.citation: Cell Microbiol. 2004 Mar;6(3):201-11
references.pmid: 14764104
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1994 Oct;106(2):529-535
references.pmid: 12232347
references.citation: Int J Radiat Biol. 1992 Apr;61(4):451-3
references.pmid: 1349327
references.citation: J Cell Sci. 1997 Jun;110 ( Pt 11):1333-44
references.pmid: 9202394
references.citation: Plant J. 1997 Feb;11(2):203-12
references.pmid: 9076988
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2003 Jun;8(6):263-71
references.pmid: 12818660
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2000 Jun;123(2):487-96
references.pmid: 10859179
references.citation: Plant J. 2002 May;30(4):467-80
references.pmid: 12028576
references.citation: J Exp Bot. 2002 May;53(372):1227-36
references.pmid: 11997371
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2004 Dec;16(12):3386-99
references.pmid: 15539472
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2002 Dec;130(4):1918-26
references.pmid: 12481074
references.citation: Mol Plant Pathol. 2004 Jan 1;5(1):65-70
references.pmid: 20565583
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2000 Jun;5(6):241-6
references.pmid: 10838614
references.citation: Curr Biol. 2004 Nov 9;14(21):1897-906
references.pmid: 15530390
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 29;279(44):45329-36
references.pmid: 15326173
references.citation: Plant J. 1999 Mar;17(5):575-9
references.pmid: 10205911
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2003 May;132(1):185-95
references.pmid: 12746524
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2003 Nov;15(11):2707-18
references.pmid: 14555690
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 4;273(49):32608-13
references.pmid: 9829999
references.citation: Plant Cell. 2004 Jul;16(7):1925-37
references.pmid: 15208394
references.citation: Plant J. 1999 Mar;17(6):603-14
references.pmid: 10230060
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Jan 24;278(4):2256-64
references.pmid: 12426314
references.citation: Plant Mol Biol. 2000 Oct;44(3):345-58
references.pmid: 11199393
references.citation: Nature. 2001 Mar 1;410(6824):37-40
references.pmid: 11242034
references.citation: Plant Cell. 1996 Oct;8(10):1793-1807
references.pmid: 12239362
references.citation: Plant J. 2004 Nov;40(4):512-22
references.pmid: 15500467
references.citation: Curr Biol. 1996 Apr 1;6(4):427-37
references.pmid: 8723347
references.citation: Cell. 1994 May 20;77(4):565-77
references.pmid: 8187176
references.citation: Cell. 1993 Jul 2;73(7):1255-66
references.pmid: 8324821
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2003 Nov;133(3):1122-34
references.pmid: 14612586
references.citation: Trends Plant Sci. 2001 Nov;6(11):520-7
references.pmid: 11701380
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 1990 Oct;94(2):788-95
references.pmid: 16667780
references.citation: Plant J. 2004 Jul;39(1):59-69
references.pmid: 15200642
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 4;277(1):559-65
references.pmid: 11687590
references.citation: Plant Physiol. 2004 Jan;134(1):275-85
references.pmid: 14657410
references.citation: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Apr;5(4):305-15
references.pmid: 15071555