title: Helicobacter pylori induces interleukin-8 secretion by Toll-like receptor 2- and Toll-like receptor 5-dependent and -independent pathways.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen that causes gastritis and is strongly associated with gastric ulcers, gastric adenocarcinomas, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. In response to H. pylori, interleukin-8 (IL-8) is secreted from host cells to attract components of the innate and adaptive immune systems to the site of infection. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR5 have been shown to recognize H. pylori and to initiate signaling pathways that result in enhanced activation of NF-kappaB. Here, we evaluated the contribution of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways to TLR2-dependent and TLR5-dependent secretion of IL-8. Secretion of IL-8 from H. pylori-infected HEK293 cells was augmented by the expression of TLR2 or TLR5. While H. pylori infection resulted in the activation of ERK, JNK, and p38, the enhanced IL-8 secretion from TLR2- and TLR5-expressing cells coincided with increased p38 activation and phosphorylation of the transcription factor ATF2. When p38 activity was inhibited in TLR2- or TLR5-expressing cells, H. pylori-dependent IL-8 secretion returned to the level observed in infected parental HEK293 cells that did not express TLR2 or TLR5; inhibition of p38 had no effect on IL-8 secretion from infected parental HEK cells. In contrast, inhibition of JNK and/or ERK resulted in substantially less IL-8 secretion from infected cells, independent of TLR2 or TLR5 expression. Based on these data, we propose that H. pylori induces IL-8 secretion through a dual mechanism that includes a TLR2/5-independent component involving the activities of JNK and ERK and a TLR2/5-dependent component that requires p38 activity.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia Health System, P.O. Box 800734, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0734, USA.
authors.forename: Anastasia M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Torok
authors.forename: Amy H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bouton
authors.forename: Joanna B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; D002460:Cell Line; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C497105:ATF2 protein, human; D051698:Activating Transcription Factor 2; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; C495346:TLR5 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051198:Toll-Like Receptor 5; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
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