title: Differences in viral and host genetic risk factors for development of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis between Iranian and Japanese HTLV-1-infected individuals.
abstract: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a neurological disease observed only in 1-2 % of infected individuals. HTLV-1 provirus load, certain HLA alleles and HTLV-1 tax subgroups are reported to be associated with different levels of risk for HAM/TSP in Kagoshima, Japan. Here, it was determined whether these risk factors were also valid for HTLV-1-infected individuals in Mashhad in northeastern Iran, another region of endemic HTLV-1 infection. In Iranian HTLV-1-infected individuals (n=132, 58 HAM/TSP patients and 74 seropositive asymptomatic carriers), although HLA-DRB1*0101 was associated with disease susceptibility in the absence of HLA-A*02 (P=0.038; odds ratio=2.71) as observed in Kagoshima, HLA-A*02 and HLA-Cw*08 had no effect on either the risk of developing HAM/TSP or HTLV-1 provirus load. All Iranian subjects possessed tax subgroup A sequences, and the protective effects of HLA-A*02 were observed only in Kagoshima subjects with tax subgroup B but not in those with tax subgroup A. Both the prevalence of HTLV-1 subgroups and the host genetic background may explain the different risks levels for HAM/TSP development in these two populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Amir H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sabouri
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Mineki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Information Science, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Usuku
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Sepideh Naghibzadeh
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bajestan
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forughipour
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Sabouri
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Abbaspour
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Goharjoo
authors.affiliation: Khorasan Blood Transfusion Center, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Esmaeil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Khayami
authors.affiliation: Khorasan Blood Transfusion Center, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasani
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Izumo
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Kimiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arimura
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Immunology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farid
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osame
mesh_terms: D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran; D007564:Japan; D015493:Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015234:HLA-A Antigens