title: High invasive melanoma cells induce matrix metalloproteinase-1 synthesis in fibroblasts by interleukin-1alpha and basic fibroblast growth factor-mediated mechanisms.
abstract: Tumor invasion and metastasis of melanoma have been shown to require proteolytic degradation of the extracellular environment, achieved primarily by enzymes of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) family. Increased enzyme activity is localized at the border of tumor cells and the adjacent peritumoral connective tissue, emphasizing the crucial role of tumor-stroma interactions in the regulation of MMP activity. To analyze whether direct cell-cell contacts of melanoma cells and stromal fibroblasts or whether soluble factors, secreted by melanoma cells are involved in the regulation of MMP, we used different in vitro co-culture systems. Both direct and indirect co-cultures of high invasive BLM melanoma cells and human dermal fibroblasts resulted in an induction of pro-MMP-1 synthesis. Medium conditioned by BLM cells strongly induced pro-MMP-1 synthesis in fibroblasts, indicating the importance of diffusible factors for this induction. Competition by recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, neutralizing IL-1alpha and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) antibodies, resulted in a concentration-dependent reduction of pro-MMP-1 synthesis. Taken together, our results indicate an essential role for soluble factors, mainly IL-1alpha and bFGF, in the stimulation of dermal fibroblasts by human melanoma cells to secrete MMP-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Center of Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Stefanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Löffek
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zigrino
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angel
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anwald
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mauch
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017364:Collagenases / Q000378:metabolism; D020405:Dermis / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012995:Solubility; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D017364:Collagenases; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1