title: Percutaneous renal surgery--new model for learning and training.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aiming at promoting and facilitating learning and training in percutaneous renal surgery, we have created an easy to assemble, reproducible and cheap laboratory model. The model was built using pig kidney, foam layer, plastic catheter, linen or cotton holding sutures, and wide scotch tape.
  
  
  METHODS
  The kidney with catheterized ureter is fixed and involved in a foam layer. It stays hidden, and is visible only through radioscopy. This model is positioned and fixed to a radiological table in such a way that it simulates the patient's lumbar region. After that, contrast medium is injected through the ureter, and the urinary system is examined through radioscopy. All percutaneous maneuvers can be accomplished, from the puncture, tract dilation, insertion of Amplatz sheath, and introduction of nephroscope, allowing lithotripsy and endopielotomy, as well as other types of percutaneous surgeries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The great advantage of this model is its easy construction, by using very cheap and widely available material. Foam can be several times washed and reused. After treatment, the model can be immediately open, and a critical analysis can be made, being then possible to verify if the place of renal puncture was well chosen, if dilation was correctly accomplished, and if the collecting system has been preserved. Therefore, this model can represent a great advance for the learning and training in percutaneous surgery.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Petrópolis School of Medicine, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. ppdesaearp@ig.com.br
authors.forename: Pedro P de Sá
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Earp