title: A users guide for reducing the pain of local anaesthetic administration.
abstract: Local anaesthetics (LAs) are used by medical practitioners in a number of clinical settings. The choice of agent and mode of administration is influenced by their experience, speciality and knowledge of the evidence base. Patients often express concern about the discomfort experienced during injection. Although short lived, the pain of LA administration in some patients is severe enough for them to decline future surgery. Methods to minimise the pain of LA administration relate to (1) the patient, (2) the LA, and (3) the injection technique (table 1). This article aims to provide a practical guide to doctors of all specialities who use LAs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Ward 39, Aberdeen Royal Infimary, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZA, UK. omarquaba@hotmail.com
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Quaba
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Huntley
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bahia
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: McKeown
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007271:Injections, Intradermal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local