title: Oral Candida species and betel quid-associated oral lesions in Padaung women of Northern Thailand.
abstract: Purpose of the present investigation was to study the association between the betel quid chewing (BQC) habits, the oral yeast flora and oral lesions in female Padaung of northern Thailand. Oral swabs were taken from the tongue and palate of 50 Padaung women with and 50 control individuals without BQC habit. The spectrum of oral Candida species in both groups was determined microbiologically. In addition, oral mucosal lesions were registered in both groups. Mean age of BQ chewers was 35.4 years, of non-chewers was 19.2 years. Candida parapsilosis was the most common Candida spp. isolated both in BQ chewers (46%) and non-chewers (44%). Candida albicans was revealed in 24% of BQ chewers and 18% of non-chewers. There was no significant difference in carriage of Candida spp. isolated between both groups. Forty-four per cent of BQ chewers revealed betel chewers mucosa, 10% showed leukoedema. Isolated populations such as the Padaung may reveal different patterns of candidal flora, in this case a predominance of Candida parapsilosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Surgery and Dental Radiology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Reichart
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khongkhunthian
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Samaranayake
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yau
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patanaporn
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scheifele
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001114:Areca; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007967:Leukoedema, Oral / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008409:Mastication; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D010159:Palate / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D013785:Thailand; D014059:Tongue / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology