title: Phosphatidylethanolamine domains and localization of phospholipid synthases in Bacillus subtilis membranes.
abstract: Application of the cardiolipin (CL)-specific fluorescent dye 10-N-nonyl-acridine orange has recently revealed CL-rich domains in the septal regions and at the poles of the Bacillus subtilis membrane (F. Kawai, M. Shoda, R. Harashima, Y. Sadaie, H. Hara, and K. Matsumoto, J. Bacteriol. 186:1475-1483, 2004). This finding prompted us to examine the localization of another phospholipid, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), with the cyclic peptide probe, Ro09-0198 (Ro), that binds specifically to PE. Treatment with biotinylated Ro followed by tetramethyl rhodamine-conjugated streptavidin revealed that PE is localized in the septal membranes of vegetative cells and in the membranes of the polar septum and the engulfment membranes of sporulating cells. When the mutant cells of the strains SDB01 (psd1::neo) and SDB02 (pssA10::spc), which both lack PE, were examined under the same conditions, no fluorescence was observed. The localization of the fluorescence thus evidently reflected the localization of PE-rich domains in the septal membranes. Similar PE-rich domains were observed in the septal regions of the cells of many Bacillus species. In Escherichia coli cells, however, no PE-rich domains were found. Green fluorescent protein fusions to the enzymes that catalyze the committed steps in PE synthesis, phosphatidylserine synthase, and in CL synthesis, CL synthase and phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase, were localized mainly in the septal membranes in B. subtilis cells. The majority of the lipid synthases were also localized in the septal membranes; this includes 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, CDP-diacylglycerol synthase, phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, diacylglycerol kinase, glucolipid synthase, and lysylphosphatidylglycerol synthase. These results suggest that phospholipids are produced mostly in the septal membranes and that CL and PE are kept from diffusing out to lateral ones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishibori
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D051103:1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase; D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000201:enzymology*; D010717:CDPdiacylglycerol-Serine O-Phosphatidyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D002798:Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D017855:Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D010743:Phospholipids; C483858:phosphatidylethanolamine; D000217:Acyltransferases; D051103:1-Acylglycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase; D019852:Diacylglycerol Kinase; D017855:Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups); C100091:cardiolipin synthetase; D002798:Diacylglycerol Cholinephosphotransferase; C020676:CDP-diacylglycerol-glycerol-3-phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase; D010717:CDPdiacylglycerol-Serine O-Phosphatidyltransferase; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; C022353:phosphatidylserine decarboxylase
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2001 Jun;183(11):3261-7
references.pmid: 11344132
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1968 Mar;95(3):833-43
references.pmid: 4868364
references.citation: Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1996 Jan;60(1):111-6
references.pmid: 8824831
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2003 Jan;185(1):196-203
references.pmid: 12486056
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2003 Aug;49(4):1067-79
references.pmid: 12890029
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1999 May;181(10):3201-11
references.pmid: 10322023
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1978 Mar 30;528(3):288-97
references.pmid: 638158
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2004 Mar 12;279(11):10484-93
references.pmid: 14688287
references.citation: Can J Biochem. 1977 Dec;55(12):1228-32
references.pmid: 23209
references.citation: Science. 1972 Feb 18;175(4023):720-31
references.pmid: 4333397
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 1998 Jul;29(2):419-30
references.pmid: 9720862
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1991 Mar 15;266(8):5323-32
references.pmid: 2002065
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2004 Mar 12;561(1-3):3-10
references.pmid: 15013745
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Nov 3;1666(1-2):19-39
references.pmid: 15519306
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2004 Mar;186(5):1475-83
references.pmid: 14973018
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2000 Apr;182(7):1883-8
references.pmid: 10714992
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1997 Aug;179(15):4959-61
references.pmid: 9244290
references.citation: Genes Dev. 2001 Jul 1;15(13):1662-73
references.pmid: 11445541
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2003 Jan;185(2):693-7
references.pmid: 12511520
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1983 May;154(2):537-46
references.pmid: 6404883
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1977 Nov;132(2):434-43
references.pmid: 199578
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jan;83(1):95-9
references.pmid: 16593643
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2001 Mar;39(6):1427-33
references.pmid: 11260460
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1961 Mar 15;47:378-90
references.pmid: 13683086
references.citation: Nature. 1997 Jun 5;387(6633):569-72
references.pmid: 9177342
references.citation: Annu Rev Microbiol. 2003;57:203-24
references.pmid: 14527277
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1995 Oct;177(20):5899-905
references.pmid: 7592341
references.citation: Prog Lipid Res. 1992;31(3):245-99
references.pmid: 1287667
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 12;93(23):12867-72
references.pmid: 8917511
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1994 Dec;176(24):7456-61
references.pmid: 8002567
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1988 Feb;170(2):775-80
references.pmid: 2828323
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 2001 Oct 26;507(2):187-90
references.pmid: 11684095
references.citation: Biochemistry. 2003 Aug 19;42(32):9677-86
references.pmid: 12911309
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 15;100(8):4678-83
references.pmid: 12682299
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 1964 Jan;5:126-7
references.pmid: 14173318
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 1999 Mar;31(5):1561-72
references.pmid: 10200973
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16776-81
references.pmid: 12482939
references.citation: Gene. 1999 Feb 4;227(1):101-10
references.pmid: 9931458
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997 Sep 4;1348(1-2):214-27
references.pmid: 9370336
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 1999 Jun;32(6):1166-72
references.pmid: 10383758
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2002 Apr 26;318(2):455-62
references.pmid: 12051851
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 1998 Jan;180(1):100-6
references.pmid: 9422599
references.citation: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2003 Mar;67(1):52-65, table of contents
references.pmid: 12626683
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2003 Jul;185(13):3773-9
references.pmid: 12813070
references.citation: FEBS Lett. 1996 Apr 15;384(2):107-11
references.pmid: 8612803
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 26;99(24):15693-8
references.pmid: 12424340
references.citation: J Mol Biol. 2003 Apr 11;327(5):945-72
references.pmid: 12662922
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2003 Jan;47(1):37-48
references.pmid: 12492852
references.citation: Annu Rev Biochem. 1997;66:199-232
references.pmid: 9242906
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2001 May 7;193(9):1067-76
references.pmid: 11342591
references.citation: Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 Jul 22;961(2):183-7
references.pmid: 3134049
references.citation: Cell. 2003 Nov 14;115(4):377-88
references.pmid: 14622593
references.citation: Mol Microbiol. 2004 May;52(4):1029-44
references.pmid: 15130122
references.citation: J Bacteriol. 2000 Feb;182(4):1172-5
references.pmid: 10648548
references.citation: Biochemistry. 1999 Oct 5;38(40):13275-8
references.pmid: 10529201
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22193-8
references.pmid: 12676941