title: An international collaborative study to replace the 1st international standard for prekallikrein activator.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to replace the 1st International Standard (IS) for prekallikrein activator (PKA) (code 82/530) with a new IS and European Biological Reference Preparation (BRP). The new standards were freeze dried 20% albumin solution containing PKA, the same solution that is tested using these standards. Aspects of the methodology for PKA determination were also examined as part of this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A batch of 20% albumin containing approximately 30 IU/ml was donated by a manufacturer of blood products and dispensed into ampoules at the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) to create the candidate IS (02/168, sample B in the study) and at the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines (EDQM) to create the candidate BRP (sample C in the study). The concentration of PKA in these preparations was determined in an international collaborative study involving 31 laboratories from 17 countries worldwide in comparison with the 1st IS for PKA (82/530) containing 85 IU of PKA per ampoule. Participants were requested to perform their own in-house method, based on the current Ph. Eur. monograph for determination of PKA in albumin solutions. Participants were provided with sufficient samples to perform two or three assays and were asked to use their local prekallikrein substrate (PKS) and also to use a commercial PKS provided as part of the study, in order to investigate the importance of the source of PKS on the final potency values.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Samples B and C emerged with identical PKA concentrations of 29 IU/ml, very close to the expected value. This figure was determined using a variety of statistical methods, with the participants' own calculated values and values calculated centrally at the EDQM using raw data. The value of 29 IU/ml was consistent and independent of the method of calculation, although interlaboratory variability was more sensitive to the statistical analysis method. There was no statistically significant difference in mean potencies when comparing results with the laboratories' own local substrate and the substrate provided for the study. All stability studies indicate that these lyophilized preparations of PKA in 20% albumin are extremely stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Samples B and C were established as the 2nd IS (code 02/168) and PKA activator in albumin BRP batch 1 (Y0000263), respectively, with a potency of 29 IU per ampoule. Results from this study indicate that testing for PKA in albumin may be less sensitive to the source of PKS than previously feared. The study highlights a number of methodological issues that may need revising in the Ph. Eur. general chapter 2.6.15.
authors.affiliation: Division of Haematology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Herts, UK. clongstaff@nibsc.ac.uk
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Longstaff
authors.forename: M-E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Behr-Gross
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lackner
mesh_terms: D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D015956:Factor XIIa / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D015588:Observer Variation; D012015:Reference Standards; D012709:Serum Albumin
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin; D015956:Factor XIIa