Penetration of topically applied gatifloxacin 0.3%, moxifloxacin 0.5%, and ciprofloxacin 0.3% into the aqueous humor.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the aqueous penetration of 3 commercially available ophthalmic fluoroquinolones.


METHODS
Prospective, double-masked, clinical study.


METHODS
Fifty-two eyes of 52 patients.


METHODS
Fifty-two patients undergoing cataract surgery were given preoperative topical gatifloxacin 0.3% (Zymar), moxifloxacin 0.5% (Vigamox), or ciprofloxacin 0.3% (Ciloxan). The patients were instructed to use their antibiotic drops 4 times a day for 3 days before surgery. On the day of surgery, patients were given their assigned antibiotic every 15 minutes for 3 doses, 1 hour before their procedure. At the time of surgery, 0.1 ml of aqueous fluid was aspirated from the anterior chamber with an air cannula needle attached to a tuberculin syringe. The aspirate was immediately stored at -70 degrees C.


METHODS
Fluoroquinolone concentrations were determined by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography assay technique with ultraviolet detection at a wavelength of 275 nm.


RESULTS
Mean aqueous concentration of gatifloxacin in 16 eyes was 0.63 microg/ml (standard deviation [SD], 0.30), moxifloxacin in 14 eyes was 1.31 microg/ml (SD, 0.46), and the mean concentration of ciprofloxacin in 22 eyes was 0.15 microg/ml (SD, 0.11).


CONCLUSIONS
Both moxifloxacin (P<0.001) and gatifloxacin (P<0.005) penetrated the aqueous humor at significantly higher levels than ciprofloxacin. Moxifloxacin penetrated into the aqueous humor at significantly higher levels than gatifloxacin (P<0.05). The anterior chamber levels of moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin may be due to the difference in antibiotic concentration.
Solomon
Renée
R
Ophthalmic Consultants of Long Island, Rockville Centre, New York 11570, USA.
Donnenfeld
Eric D
ED
Perry
Henry D
HD
Snyder
Robert W
RW
Nedrud
Chad
C
Stein
Jonathan
J
Bloom
Adam
A
D000368:Aged; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011804:Quinolines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011804:Quinolines; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D000077734:Gatifloxacin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin