title: New York City syndromic surveillance systems.
abstract: New York City's first syndromic surveillance systems were established in 1995 to detect outbreaks of waterborne illness. In 1998, daily monitoring of ambulance dispatch calls for influenza-like illness began. After the 2001 World Trade Center attacks, concern about biologic terrorism led to the development of surveillance systems to track chief complaints of patients reporting to emergency departments, over-the-counter and prescription pharmacy sales, and worker absenteeism. These systems have proved useful for detecting substantial citywide increases in common viral illnesses (e.g., influenza, norovirus, and rotavirus). However, the systems have not detected more contained outbreaks earlier than traditional surveillance. Future plans include monitoring school health and outpatient clinic visits, augmenting laboratory testing to confirm syndromic signals, and conducting evaluation studies to identify which of these systems will be continued for the long term.
authors.affiliation: Data Analysis Unit, Bureau of Communicable Disease, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, 125 Worth St., Room 318, Box 22A, New York, NY 10013, USA. rheffern@health.nyc.gov
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Heffernan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mostashari
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Besculides
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Greenko
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steiner-Sichel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balter
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karpati
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ackelsberg
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Metzger
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosselli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D023482:Bioterrorism / Q000517:prevention & control; D021821:Communicable Diseases, Emerging / Q000517:prevention & control; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D009519:New York City; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D040442:Public Health Informatics / Q000639:trends*