title: Non-linear analysis of the electroencephalogram for detecting effects of low-level electromagnetic fields.
abstract: The study compared traditional spectral analysis and a new scale-invariant method, the analysis of the length distribution of low-variability periods (LDLVPs), to distinguish between electro-encephalogram (EEG) signals with and without a weak stressor, a low-level modulated microwave field. During the experiment, 23 healthy volunteers were exposed to a microwave (450 MHz) of 7 Hz frequency on-off modulation. The field power density at the scalp was 0.16 mW cm(-2). The experimental protocol consisted of ten cycles of repetitive microwave exposure. Signals from frontal EEG channels FP1 and FP2 were analysed. Smooth power spectrum and length distribution curves of low-variability periods, as well as probability distribution close to normal, confirmed that stationarity of the EEG signal during recordings was achieved. The quantitative measure of LDLVPs provided a significant detection of the effect of the stressor for the six subjects exposed to the microwave field but for none of the sham recordings. The spectral analysis revealed a significant result for one subject only. A significant effect of the exposure to the EEG signal was detected in 25% of subjects, with microwave exposure increasing EEG variability. The effect was not detectable by power spectral measures.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Engineering Centre, Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia. maie@cb.ttu.ee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kalda
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lass
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tuulik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Säkki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hinrikus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
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