title: Clinical characteristics of cyclodeviation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the incidence of cyclodeviation among patients with diplopia and analyse the causative diseases and clinical manifestations of cyclodeviation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 266 consecutive patients of 15 years of age or older presenting with diplopia, who had undergone the Lancaster red-green test (LRGT) from January 2001 to December 2002, were retrospectively reviewed. The presence of cyclodeviation on LRGT, predisposing conditions, causative diseases, and clinical manifestations of cyclotropia were analysed. Cyclodeviation on the LRGT were compared with those from the Maddox double-rod test (MDRT) and fundus photography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 63 (24%) out of 266 patients exhibited cyclodeviation on LRGT. Eight out of 63 patients with cyclodeviation on the LRGT complained of torsional diplopia. Superior oblique palsy (SOP) was the most common causative disease (42 patients), followed by skew deviation (six) and thyroid orbitopathy (three). Excyclodeviation was found in 57 patients and incyclodeviation in four patients on the LRGT. The spontaneous recovery rate was 83% in patients of vascular origin and 17% of traumatic origin. Cyclodeviation with the MDRT and fundus photography showed good correlation with those obtained from the LRGT. There was no association of the amount of cyclotropia with the presence of torsional diplopia as well as with its recovery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In spite of the rare complaint of torsional diplopia, 24% of the patients with diplopia showed cyclodeviation on the LRGT. SOP was the most common causative disease. Most of the patients with cyclodeviation of a vascular origin showed spontaneous improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: S-J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004172:Diplopia / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012075:Remission, Spontaneous; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology*; D014102:Torsion Abnormality; D020432:Trochlear Nerve Diseases / Q000150:complications; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods