title: "ProC Global": a functional screening test that predicts recurrent venous thromboembolism.
abstract: Abnormalities of the Protein C (PC) pathway are found in the majority of patients with thrombophilia. ProC Global is a coagulation assay that reflects the net effect of the PC pathway by measuring the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of patient and control plasma, before and after activation of endogenous PC by Protac, a snake venom. Previous studies have suggested that abnormalities in this test are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). A retrospective analysis was performed using frozen plasma samples from 140 patients with confirmed VTE to determine whether an abnormal ProC Global result (in the presence and in the absence of known abnormalities in the PC pathway) is a predictor of initial and recurrent VTE. Patients were tested for the presence of activated protein C resistance, Factor V Leiden, PC and protein S (PS) deficiency, and non-specific inhibitor positivity. Mean ProC Global results were significantly lower in patients with recurrent VTE than in patients without recurrent VTE. The association between abnormal ProC Global result and recurrent VTE showed a strong trend, before (odds ratio, OR 3.6) and after (OR 3.1) exclusion of known thrombophilic abnormalities. Patients with a first episode of idiopathic VTE also expressed significant lower ProC Global results than those with secondary VTE. After exclusion of known PC pathway abnormalities, there was a statistically significant association between abnormal ProC Global and initial idiopathic VTE (p=0.04). These results suggest that ProC Global may serve as a predictor of recurrent VTE and potentially for first episode of idiopathic VTE. ProC Global may help identify patients at increased risk of initial and recurrent VTE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. anne.grandmaison@uhn.on.ca
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grand'Maison
authors.forename: Shannon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McRae
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
mesh_terms: D020016:Activated Protein C Resistance / Q000175:diagnosis; D001780:Blood Coagulation Tests; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011486:Protein C / Q000032:analysis*; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic / Q000592:standards*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D011486:Protein C; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic