A prospective study of the pressure ulcer scale for healing (PUSH).
BACKGROUND
Although the recently developed Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) was created to monitor healing over time, prospective evidence of its validity in measuring healing is lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of PUSH (version 3.0) when used to assess pressure ulcers in clinical practice.


METHODS
The authors chose a prospective research design using a convenience sample of nursing home residents with pressure ulcers. The patients' pressure ulcers were assessed each week with the PUSH and the Pressure Sore Status Tool. Surface area measurements derived from wound tracings were also obtained. Weekly assessments continued until the ulcer healed, the resident died, the resident transferred from the nursing home, or 6 months of assessments were complete.


RESULTS
Thirty-two pressure ulcers comprised the study sample. Twenty-one (66%) healed during the 6-month study period and 11 (34%) did not heal. The PUSH scores decreased significantly over time among the healed ulcers but did not among the unhealed ulcers. Similarly, PUSH scores were significantly lower among the healed compared with the unhealed ulcers. Finally, total scores on PUSH were highly correlated with both the Pressure Sore Status Tool and surface area measurements.


CONCLUSIONS
The PUSH provides a valid measure of pressure ulcer healing over time and accurately differentiates a healing from a nonhealing ulcer. It is a clinically practical, evidence-based tool for tracking changes in pressure ulcer status when applied at weekly intervals.
Gardner
Sue E
SE
University of Iowa College of Nursing, 320 NB, Iowa City, IA 52242-1121, USA. sue-gardner@uiowa.edu
Frantz
Rita A
RA
Bergquist
Sandra
S
Shin
Chingwei D
CD
D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D003668:Pressure Ulcer / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011996:Records; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing