title: Adjuvant chemotherapy in older and younger women with lymph node-positive breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival for patients with local-regional breast cancer, but healthy older patients at high risk of recurrence are frequently not offered adjuvant chemotherapy, and the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in older patients is uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the benefits and toxic effects of adjuvant chemotherapy among breast cancer patients in age groups of 50 years or younger, 51 to 64 years, and 65 years or older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of data from 4 randomized trials that accrued patients from academic and community medical centers between 1975 and 1999. Median follow-up for all patients was 9.6 years. All trials randomized patients to different regimens, doses, schedules, and durations of chemotherapy and all had a treatment arm with doses or schedules that were regarded to be "high" and potentially more toxic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 6487 women with lymph node-positive breast cancer; 542 (8%) patients were 65 years or older and 159 (2%) were 70 years or older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparison of disease-free survival, overall survival, and treatment-related mortality among different age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis showed that smaller tumor size, fewer positive lymph nodes, more chemotherapy, and tamoxifen use were all significantly (P<.001) related to longer disease-free and overall survival. There was no association between age and disease-free survival. Overall survival was significantly (P<.001) worse for patients aged 65 or older because of death from causes other than breast cancer. Thirty-three deaths (0.5% of all patients) were attributed to treatment, and older women had higher treatment-related mortality. Older women and younger women derived similar reductions in breast cancer mortality and recurrence from regimens containing more chemotherapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age alone should not be a contraindication to the use of optimal chemotherapy regimens in older women who are in good general health.
authors.affiliation: Fletcher Allen Health Care, Vermont Cancer Center, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. hyman.muss@uvm.edu
authors.forename: Hyman B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Muss
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woolf
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Constance
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cirrincione
authors.forename: Raymond B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Budman
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: I Craig
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hudis
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Winer
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Norton
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis