title: Analysis of full-length human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genome reveals a variable spectrum of subtypes B and f recombinants in São Paulo, Brazil.
abstract: Recombination is one of the major mechanisms contributing to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variability. Analysis of pol gene sequences of 215 HIV-1 samples from São Paulo, Brazil classified 189 sequences as subtype B (87.9%), 8 sequences as subtype F (3.7%), and 18 sequences (8.4%) as B/F recombinants. After the analysis of the pol gene, a subset of six recombinant samples composed of sequences with a related recombinant pol structure was selected for full-length genome analysis to identify a possible circulating recombinant form. According to full-length genome analysis, recombination was higher in gag, protease, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and vif. Identification of many distinct recombinant forms and the absence of an identifiable HIV-1 circulating recombinant form suggest that a high frequency of dual infections between HIV-1 subtypes B and F is occurring in São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Retrovirology Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo, SP 0439032, Brazil.
authors.forename: Dercy José de
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Sa Filho
authors.forename: Sabri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sanabani
authors.forename: Ricardo Sobhie
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Patrícia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Munerato
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunstein
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fusuma
authors.forename: Ester Cerdeira
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Sabino
authors.forename: Luiz Mario
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Janini
mesh_terms: D001938:Brazil; D015751:Genes, pol; D016679:Genome, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic