title: Distinct functions for Bmp signaling in lip and palate fusion in mice.
abstract: Previous work suggested that cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is genetically distinct from isolated cleft secondary palate (CP). Mutations in the Bmp target gene Msx1 in families with both forms of orofacial clefting has implicated Bmp signaling in both pathways. To dissect the function of Bmp signaling in orofacial clefting, we conditionally inactivated the type 1 Bmp receptor Bmpr1a in the facial primordia, using the Nestin cre transgenic line. Nestin cre; Bmpr1a mutants had completely penetrant, bilateral CL/P with arrested tooth formation. The cleft secondary palate of Nestin cre; Bmpr1a mutant embryos was associated with diminished cell proliferation in maxillary process mesenchyme and defective anterior posterior patterning. By contrast, we observed elevated apoptosis in the fusing region of the Nestin cre; Bmpr1a mutant medial nasal process. Moreover, conditional inactivation of the Bmp4 gene using the Nestin cre transgenic line resulted in isolated cleft lip. Our data uncover a Bmp4-Bmpr1a genetic pathway that functions in lip fusion, and reveal that Bmp signaling has distinct roles in lip and palate fusion.
authors.affiliation: Alkek Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M System Health Science Center, 2121 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiaoxia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Alen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Braut
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mishina
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Behringer
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mina
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000235:genetics; D019426:Integrases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008046:Lip / Q000196:embryology*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D064231:Nestin; D010159:Palate / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C577485:Nes protein, mouse; D064231:Nestin; D017978:Receptors, Growth Factor; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C498212:Bmpr1a protein, mouse; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I; C045073:Cre recombinase; D019426:Integrases