title: Functional electrical stimulation of denervated muscles: basic issues.
abstract: Denervating injuries result in flaccid paralysis and severe atrophy of the affected muscles. This work reviews the potential for functional restoration of such muscles by electrical stimulation, focusing on the basic scientific issues.
authors.affiliation: Muscle Research Group, Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. s.salmons@liverpool.ac.uk
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salmons
authors.forename: Zoe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: Hazel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sutherland
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Russold
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jonathan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Jarvis
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009121:Muscle Denervation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*