title: Three-dimensional rotational angiography of the carotid arteries with high-flow injection from the aortic arch. Preliminary experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Three-Dimensional Rotational Angiography (3DRA) is a new technique based on a rotational angiographic acquisition able to display arterial vessels in a 3D rendering mode. The system was mainly developed for neuroradiological evaluations but preliminary extracranial experiences have also been reported. The aim of our work was to compare the results of three-dimensional angiography of the carotid arteries done with high-flow injection of contrast medium from the aortic arch with the results of selective angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients underwent digital angiography of the supra-aortic vessels in order to quantify a stenosis of the carotid bifurcations previously detected at Doppler Ultrasound. Examinations were performed with the Philips Integris Allura system provided with the rotational angiography (RA) tool connected to a workstation for three-dimensional reconstruction able to display vessels in a 3D fashion (Volume Rendering, Gradient Rendering, Shaded Surface Display), automatically remove bone structures (cervical spine, calcified plaque, etc.) and perform an automatic analysis of the vessel diameter and surface area at the point of major stenosis and in the disease-free vessel segments above and below. The carotid evaluation was done either with selective catheterization and the two standard AP and LL projections and with RA after contrast medium injection from the aortic arch followed by 3D reconstruction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The comparison of the selective angiography and three-dimensional images was possible in 37 out of 40 carotid bifurcations (3 internal carotid arteries were occluded) and a good diagnostic quality was obtained in 35 out of 37 cases with an high correlation in the degree of stenosis. In 2/37 cases with calcified plaques the degree of stenosis was effectively demonstrated only after electronic subtraction of the calcified component of the plaque.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technique we propose proved to be feasible in all cases with a good correlation in the quantification of the degree of stenosis. The practical advantage of our technique is the almost complete exclusion of risks of neurological complications due to selective catheterization, and reduced examination time.
authors.affiliation: Unità Clinico Operativa di Radiologia, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy. pozzi-mucelli@libero.it
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pozzi Mucelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calgaro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bruni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bottaro
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pozzi Mucelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; C057937:iomeprol; D007479:Iopamidol