title: Low levels of dietary arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids improve bone mass in neonatal piglets, but higher levels provide no benefit.
abstract: In piglets, feeding arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a 5:1 ratio leads to elevated bone mass, but the optimal total quantity requires clarification. We studied bone mass and modeling of piglets that were randomized to receive 1 of 4 formulas for 15 d: control formula or the same formula with various levels of AA:DHA (0.5:0.1 g, 1.0:0.2 g or 2.0:0.4 g AA:DHA/100 g of fat). Measurements included: bone area (BA), mineral content (BMC), and density (BMD) of whole body, lumbar spine, and excised femurs; biomarkers of bone modeling were plasma osteocalcin and urinary cross-linked N-telopeptides of type 1 collagen (NTx), tibial ex vivo release of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and tissue fatty acids. Main effects were identified using ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni t tests. In supplemented piglets, relations among liver fatty acid proportions and bone mass were assessed using Pearson correlations. Whole body (P = 0.028) and lumbar spine (P = 0.043) BMD were higher in the group supplemented with 0.5:0.1 g AA:DHA/100 g of fat than in controls. Tissue AA and DHA increased in proportion to diet levels. Liver eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) correlated positively (r > or = 0.38, P < or = 0.05) with whole body and femur BMC and BMD and lumbar spine BMC. Liver AA:EPA ratio correlated negatively (r > or = -0.039, P < or = 0.05) with whole body, femur, and lumbar spine BMC plus whole body and femur BMD. Dietary 1.0:0.2 g AA:DHA/100 g reduced NTx relative to 2.0:0.4 g AA:DHA/100 g of fat (P = 0.039). The diets did not affect the other biochemical variables measured. Low levels of dietary AA:DHA (0.5:0.1 g/100 g of fat) elevate bone mass, but higher amounts are not beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2 Canada.
authors.forename: Rebecca C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mollard
authors.forename: Heather R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: Shirley C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick-Wong
authors.forename: Hope A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Weiler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D016718:Arachidonic Acid