title: Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule is necessary for selective targeting of regenerating motor neurons.
abstract: It is well established that peripheral nerves regenerate after injury. Therefore, incomplete functional recovery usually results from misguided axons rather than a lack of regeneration per se. Despite this knowledge very little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating axon guidance during regeneration. In the developing neuromuscular system the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and its polysialic acid (PSA) moiety are essential for proper motor axon guidance. In this study we used a well established model of nerve transection and repair to examine whether NCAM and/or PSA promotes selective regeneration of femoral motor nerves in wild-type and NCAM (-/-) mice. We found that regenerating axons innervating the muscle pathway and, to a lesser extent, cutaneous axons in the sensory pathway reexpress high levels of PSA during the time when the cut axons are crossing the lesion site. Second, we found that motor neurons in wild-type mice preferentially reinnervated muscle pathways, whereas motor neurons in NCAM (-/-) mice reinnervated muscle and cutaneous pathways with equal preference. Preferential regeneration was not observed in wild-type mice when PSA was removed enzymatically from the regenerating nerve, indicating that this form of selective motor axon targeting requires PSA. Finally, transgenic mice were used to show that the number of collateral sprouts, their field of arborization, and the withdrawal of misprojected axons were all attenuated significantly in mice lacking PSA. These results indicate that regenerating motor axons must express polysialylated NCAM, which reduces axon-axon adhesion and enables motor neurons to reinnervate their appropriate muscle targets selectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 1X5.
authors.forename: Colin K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Rutishauser
authors.forename: Victor F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Rafuse
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology*; D019771:Axotomy; D005267:Femoral Nerve / Q000293:injuries* / Q000502:physiology; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000494:pharmacology; D006031:Glycosylation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D051381:Rats; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; D012794:Sialic Acids; C021319:polysialic acid; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; C090534:endo-alpha-sialidase
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