title: Relationship between subjective social status and measures of health in older Taiwanese persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the association between subjective ladder ranking and health measures with the association between objective indices and health measures in older Taiwanese men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A population-representative sample of elderly and nearly elderly men and women in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 991 participants from the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The information collected included demographic characteristics; subjective ladder score of SES; objective measures of SES, including education, income, and occupation; health behaviors; health-related variables such as self-rated health, basic activity of daily living difficulties, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) difficulties, and physical activity difficulties; and depression score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Low ladder score was associated with poorer self-rated health and more reported IADL and physical activity difficulties, even after adjustment for objective measures of SES and other covariates. The multiply adjusted odds ratio for a one-quartile difference in ladder score and worse self-rated health was 1.19 (95% confidence interval=1.06-1.33). The associations between subjective ladder ranking and health status were generally stronger in those who had 6 years or less of education than in those who received more education.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A simple subjective assessment of one's ranking on the social hierarchy was associated with self-rated health and physical functional status in an older ethnic Chinese population. The associations were independent of the effects of traditional objective measures of SES, such as education, income, and occupation.
authors.affiliation: Multicampus Program in Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. phu@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Peifeng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Noreen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Maxine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Teresa E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Seeman
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012923:Social Class; D013624:Taiwan