title: Women with and without menopause over age of 40 in Turkey: consequences and treatment options.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the characteristics of menopausal population who gets free first step health-care services from government facilities in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand and forty-nine pre- (N = 403) and post (N = 646)-menopausal females were interviewed with a questionnaire in five different facilities during 2 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group, who never used oral contraceptive as a family planning method, never smoked and had a low rate of illiteracy (72.5, 72.5, 77.7, and 12.1%, respectively. Mean age of the menopause was 45.8 +/- 5.5 years. Mean years since menopause was 13.2 +/- 9.6 years and mode of the menopause was 10 years. Group of postmenopausal women knew the meaning of menopause as "ceasing of menses" in a significantly higher rate compared to pre-menopausal group (6.9% versus 2.2%, respectively). While rate of the women regularly visiting free health-care facilities and rate of receiving some form of HRT is observed to be relatively low (33 and 29.4%, respectively), no significant differences were observed in symptoms rating between pre- and post-menopausal group restlessness, uneasy feeling, insomnia, flushing, sweating, tachycardia, short memory, bone and muscle pain, and nocturia and therefore such symptoms seem to be unrelated to their menopausal status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women are entering to menopause earlier and using the free medical facilities in this region of Turkey less, compared to European population and seeking less help for menopause during this period. They are mostly married, with lower preferences for oral medications, non-smokers, relatively literate group of people; however, with low awareness of their current situation regarding the phenomenon of "ceasing of menses" and its consequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Besevler, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. abiri@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: Aydan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biri
authors.forename: Coskun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bakar
authors.forename: Işil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maral
authors.forename: Onur
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karabacak
authors.forename: M Ali
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bumin
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology