title: Inhibition of granuloma-associated angiogenesis by controlling mast cell mediator release: role of mast cell protease-5.
abstract: We investigated the role of mast cells in granuloma-associated angiogenesis in rat by using: (i) a mast cell membrane stabilizer, ketotifen; (ii) a mast cell depleting agent, compound 48/80. Moreover, we focused on the role of chymases, which exhibit proinflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties by using: (i) chymostatin, an inhibitor of chymase activity; (ii) a specific antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) designed against rat mast cell protease-5 (rMCP-5), the most abundantly expressed chymase in the skin. The formation of granuloma was evaluated, as wet weight, 96 h after the subcutaneous implant of two lambda-carrageenin (1%)-soaked sponges on the back of male Wistar rats. Angiogenesis was evaluated as haemoglobin content in the granulomatous tissue and as level of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the exudates. A single injection of ketotifen (1-5-25 mg kg(-1) i.p.) significantly reduced granuloma formation by 31.6, 44.6 and 71.9%, and haemoglobin content by 17.0, 35.0 and 66.2%, suggesting that the release of mediator(s) from mast cells modulates the process. Chymostatin (5-10 nmol(-1) site(-1) day(-1)) reduced granuloma-associated angiogenesis by 57.3 and 70.0%. RT-PCR analysis showed that rMCP-5 mRNA amounts were significantly reduced by rMCP-5 AS-ODN (1.25-2.5-5.0 nmol site(-1)) by 69.5, 72.5 and 81.8%. In parallel experiments, rMCP-5 AS-ODN (1.25, 2.5, 5.0 nmol site(-1)) strongly reduced granuloma weight (26.1, 45.0 and 56.3%) and haemoglobin content (22.2, 50.4, 62.03%), suggesting that the observed effect is mediated through an antisense mechanism. In conclusion, these data suggest that: (i) inhibition of mast cell mediators release may represent a novel strategy to modulate angiogenesis; (ii) among the chymase family, rMCP-5 is a key promoter of angiogenesis in the rat.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Napoli I-80131, Italy.
authors.forename: Annapina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peticca
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pietropaolo
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Rosa
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iuvone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015550:Cell Degranulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006099:Granuloma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007665:Ketotifen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D007665:Ketotifen
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