title: Omega-3 PUFA of marine origin limit diet-induced obesity in mice by reducing cellularity of adipose tissue.
abstract: Omega-3 PUFA of marine origin reduce adiposity in animals fed a high-fat diet. Our aim was to learn whether EPA and DHA could limit development of obesity and reduce cellularity of adipose tissue and whether other dietary FA could influence the effect of EPA/DHA. Weight gain induced by composite high-fat diet in C57BL/6J mice was limited when the content of EPA/DHA was increased from 1 to 12% (wt/wt) of dietary lipids. Accumulation of adipose tissue was reduced, especially of the epididymal fat. Low ratio of EPA to DHA promoted the effect. A higher dose of EPA/DHA was required to reduce adiposity when admixed to diets that did not promote obesity, the semisynthetic high-fat diets rich in EFA, either alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3, the precursor of EPA and DHA) or linoleic (18:2 n-6) acid. Quantification of adipose tissue DNA revealed that except for the diet rich in ALA the reduction of epididymal fat was associated with 34-50% depression of tissue cellularity, similar to the 30% caloric restriction in the case of the high-fat composite diet. Changes in plasma markers and adipose gene expression indicated improvement of lipid and glucose metabolism due to EPA/DHA even in the context of the diet rich in ALA. Our results document augmentation of the antiadipogenic effect of EPA/DHA during development of obesity and suggest that EPA/DHA could reduce accumulation of body fat by limiting both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of fat cells. Increased dietary intake of EPA/DHA may be beneficial regardless of the ALA intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Adipose Tissue Biology and Centre for Integrated Genomics, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruzickova
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossmeisl
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Prazak
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Flachs
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sponarova
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veck
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tvrzicka
authors.forename: Morten
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bryhn
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopecky
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D004032:Diet; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated
references.citation: Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2003 Nov;228(10 ):1118-23
references.pmid: 14610249
references.citation: Lipids. 2002 Dec;37(12):1113-23
references.pmid: 12617463
references.citation: Ann Nutr Metab. 1999;43(2):86-97
references.pmid: 10436307
references.citation: J Nat Prod. 2001 Jun;64(6):745-9
references.pmid: 11421736
references.citation: Metabolism. 1990 Mar;39(3):217-9
references.pmid: 2308514
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997 Nov;21(11):955-62
references.pmid: 9368817
references.citation: J Nutr. 2001 Oct;131(10 ):2636-42
references.pmid: 11584083
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 2003 Feb;44(2):271-9
references.pmid: 12576509
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1992 Jun;262(6 Pt 2):R1025-32
references.pmid: 1621856
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1994 Dec;267(6 Pt 1):E975-82
references.pmid: 7810643
references.citation: Int J Obes. 1985;9(6):443-9
references.pmid: 3830936
references.citation: Proc Nutr Soc. 1999 Aug;58(3):633-46
references.pmid: 10604197
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 May 27;259(1):85-90
references.pmid: 10334920
references.citation: Eur J Cell Biol. 1981 Dec;26(1):11-20
references.pmid: 7198974
references.citation: Metabolism. 1996 Dec;45(12):1539-46
references.pmid: 8969289
references.citation: Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Apr 21;257(3):879-85
references.pmid: 10208878
references.citation: J Hum Nutr Diet. 2004 Oct;17 (5):449-59
references.pmid: 15357699
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1997 Aug;21(8):637-43
references.pmid: 15481762
references.citation: Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1993 Apr;17(4):223-36
references.pmid: 8387971
references.citation: Biol Neonate. 2003;83(2):136-45
references.pmid: 12576758
references.citation: Diabetes. 1988 Sep;37(9):1163-7
references.pmid: 3044882
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1998 Mar;274(3 Pt 1):E527-33
references.pmid: 9530137
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1995 Dec;96(6):2914-23
references.pmid: 8675663
references.citation: J Anim Sci. 2004 Mar;82(3):916-24
references.pmid: 15032450
references.citation: Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 Nov;70(5):817-25
references.pmid: 10539741
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 1997 Oct;38(10):1963-72
references.pmid: 9374119
references.citation: J Lipid Res. 1994 Apr;35(4):592-600
references.pmid: 8006514
references.citation: Obes Res. 2004 Jan;12(1):131-40
references.pmid: 14742852
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1996 May;270(5 Pt 1):E768-75
references.pmid: 8967464
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1996 May;270(5 Pt 1):E776-86
references.pmid: 8967465
references.citation: Metabolism. 1998 Sep;47(9):1089-96
references.pmid: 9751238
references.citation: Biochem J. 2002 Jun 1;364(Pt 2):369-76
references.pmid: 12023879
references.citation: Am J Physiol. 1993 Jun;264(6 Pt 2):R1111-8
references.pmid: 8322963
references.citation: J Nutr. 1998 Jun;128(6):923-6
references.pmid: 9614148
references.citation: Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2004 Mar;7(2):151-6
references.pmid: 15075705