title: Cerebral blood flow during spontaneous and cholinergically induced behavioral states in the sheep fetus.
abstract: The sleep-wake cycle has been studied extensively in both adult and fetal mammalian species with emphasis in different areas. Fetal studies have focused on characterization of behavioral states and responses to challenges such as hypoxia, and there have been relatively fewer studies that have investigated the control of fetal behavioral state. The objective of this study was to determine whether cerebral blood flow during cholinergically induced fetal behavioral states was similar to that during spontaneous fetal behavioral states in chronically catheterized near-term sheep fetuses. Injection of carbachol (1.25 microg) into the cisterna magna increased the duration of the subsequent low-voltage electrocortical epoch. Scopolamine infusion (0.3 mg) increased the duration of the subsequent high-voltage electrocortical activity epoch. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery were higher during both spontaneous and carbachol-induced low-voltage/rapid eye movement behavioral state than during spontaneous and scopolamine-induced high-voltage/non-rapid eye movement behavioral state. Thus, pharmacologic manipulation of fetal behavioral state induced a state that resembled spontaneous fetal behavioral state both electrophysiologically and metabolically. This study shows that inducing extended periods of a desired fetal behavioral state is possible and that this method may be used to study their function.
authors.affiliation: CIHR Group in Fetal and Neonatal Health and Development, University of Western Ontario, Lawson Health Research Institute, St Joseph's Health Centre, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2, Canada. janna.morrison@adelaide.edu.au
authors.forename: Janna L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Carmichael
authors.forename: Jacobus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Homan
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Bryan S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000378:metabolism; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects; D002946:Cisterna Magna / Q000187:drug effects; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005260:Female; D005324:Fetal Movement; D000860:Hypoxia; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology*; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep; D012890:Sleep; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002217:Carbachol; D012601:Scopolamine; D010100:Oxygen