title: Genetic characterization of the yeast Pichia anomala (strain K), an antagonist of postharvest diseases of apple.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain information about the genomic organization of Pichia anomala (strain K) and about its genomic diversity at species and intraspecies level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PFGE karyotype of strain K was composed of four bands ranging in size from 1.1 to 3.2 Mb. The number of chromosomes was estimated at six since bands 2 and 3 seemed to result from the comigration of two chromosomes with similar size. A comparison of strain K and Hansenulawingeii migration profiles led to the estimate of K strain genome size at 11.7 Mb. Comparison with isogenic strains, resulting from the sporulation of strain K, highlighted some major karyotypic differences. Two segregants (KH6 and KH7) showed supernumerary chromosomes and one (KH9) displayed chromosomal length polymorphism. This genomic instability was confirmed by molecular hybridization with four probes, consisting of URA3, LEU2, PAEXG1 and PAEXG2 genes of P. anomala. URA3 and LEU2 probes showed second hybridization signals on supernumerary chromosomes of strain KH7 and on chromosome 6 of strain K for LEU2 only. Karyotypic comparison of seven non-isogenic P. anomala strains revealed chromosomal length polymorphism, a sign of intraspecies variation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work has supplied information about genome size and chromosome number of strain K of P. anomala. The strain seems to be aneuploid because of the presence of supernumerary chromosomes and additional hybridization signals for URA3 and LEU2 probes in the chromosomal profile of some segregants. The work also highlighted genomic diversity within the P. anomala species.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results obtained here increase information about the aneuploidy of P. anomala (strain K). Information about the genomic diversity of the segregants will be of great interest for further studies on strain K mode of action. The genome size and chromosomal profile of P. anomala presented here are different from the results obtained elsewhere for Hansenula anomala, while Hansenula is included as a synonym of Pichia. This warrants further studies to investigate this taxonomic relationship.
authors.affiliation: Plant Pathology Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gembloux, Belgium.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Friel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vandenbol
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Jijakli
mesh_terms: D015139:Blotting, Southern; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D005516:Food Microbiology; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D007621:Karyotyping; D027845:Malus / Q000382:microbiology*; D010843:Pichia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity