title: Two formulations of the industrial surfactant, Toximul, differentially reduce mouse weight gain and hepatic glycogen in vivo during early development: effects of exposure to Influenza B Virus.
abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that young mice exposed chronically to industrial surfactant (IS) do not exhibit obvious adverse health effects, but do have persistently reduced body weights and compromised hepatic energy metabolism. The present study examined the time course of effects of two formulations of the Toximul (Tox) class of anionic/nonionic IS on body weights and liver glycogen (+/-virus) during early development. Results showed that effects differed in two commonly used strains of mice. In CFW mice, 12 days' exposure to Tox resulted in retardation of weight gain that was most obvious several days after exposure ceased. In this strain effects were greater with Tox 3409F than with Tox MP-A and appeared to be reversible except when the mice were treated with both Tox 3409F and FluB. Weights of the CD-1 mice were not affected by either Tox treatment alone, but were significantly reduced on postnatal day 20 when Tox exposure had been combined with FluB infection. Postnatal replenishment of hepatic glycogen stores during the first three weeks also occurred at different rates in CFW and CD-1 mice. The effects of Tox (+/-FluB) on glycogen also varied with mouse strain and Tox formulation. In CFW mice, exposure to either formulation resulted in significant (55-59%) reductions in glycogen, although reductions were not evident until nine days after Tox exposure stopped. By contrast, hepatic glycogen in CD-1 mice was reduced both during and after dermal exposure to Tox 3409F, whereas no effect was observed with Tox MP-A. Notably, the 3409F effect was reversible in the CD-1 mice, but reversal did not occur in mice also infected with FluB. Tox MP-A+FluB-treated mice exhibited only a transient glycogen reduction. These results illustrate the importance of mouse strain and formulation specificities in assessing biological effects of xenobiotic surfactants. As well, they emphasize that chronic IS exposure can induce changes in growth and energy substrate availability in young mice that may not be evident unless there is a precipitating cofactor such as a viral infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 1X5.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Khalidi
authors.forename: J F S
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Crocker
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: O'Regan
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Acott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009981:Influenza B virus; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D006003:Glycogen