title: Ultrasound guided cytological aspiration of supraclavicular lymph nodes in patients with suspected lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lung cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer in the UK. Pathological diagnosis traditionally requires invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, or image guided biopsy. Ultrasound of the neck with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of enlarged but impalpable supraclavicular nodes has been used in patients with suspected lung cancer who have N2 or N3 disease on staging computed tomography (CT). If positive, this technique helps to both stage the patient and provide a cytological diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  101 patients were enrolled prospectively over a 1 year period. FNAC was performed on all supraclavicular nodes over 5 mm in size using the capillary aspiration technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty one of the 101 patients had enlarged supraclavicular nodes and underwent FNAC. The overall malignant yield was 45.5% of patients scanned and 75.4% of patients sampled. As a result of FNAC, 43 patients (42.6%) avoided more invasive procedures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound guided FNAC is a promising, relatively non-invasive technique for the staging and diagnosis of patients with lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Glenfield Hospital, Groby Road, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumaran
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Benamore
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vaidhyanath
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Peake
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Entwisle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000473:pathology*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D002968:Clavicle; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
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