title: Rewarming of healthy volunteers after induced mild hypothermia: a healthy volunteer study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study compares the efficacy of two active and one passive warming interventions in healthy volunteers with induced mild hypothermia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight volunteers were studied in a random order crossover design. Each volunteer was studied during re-warming from a core temperature of 35 degrees C with each of: a radiant warmer (Fisher & Paykel); a forced air warmer (Augustine Medical), and a polyester filled blanket, to re-warm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences in re-warming rates were observed between the three warming devices. It was found that the subject's endogenous heat production was the major contributor to the re-warming of these volunteers. Metabolic rates of over 350 W were seen during the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For patients with mild hypothermia and in whom shivering is not contraindicated our data would indicate that the rate of re-warming would be little different whether a blanket or one of the two active devices were used. In the field, this may provide the caregiver a useful choice.
authors.affiliation: Middlemore Hospital, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Private Bag 93311, Otahuhu, Auckland, New Zealand. twilliams@middlemore.co.nz
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Galler
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Payton
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001481:Basal Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004947:Esophagus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D008297:Male; D017694:Rewarming / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
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