title: Malnutrition and associated factors among aged residents in all nursing homes in Helsinki.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To acquire information about nutritional problems and factors associated with them in all nursing homes in Helsinki, Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The residents were assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment test (MNA) and information was gathered about residents' backgrounds, functional status, diseases and about daily routines in institutions providing nutritional care.
  
  
  METHODS
  All nursing homes in Helsinki community, the capital of Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 2424 eligible subjects, 2114 (87%) aged residents, mean age 82 y, were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-third (29%) of the studied residents suffered from malnutrition (MNA < 17), and 60% were at risk (MNA 17-23.5). Malnutrition was associated with the female gender, a longer stay in the nursing home, functional impairment, dementia, stroke, constipation and difficulties in swallowing. In addition, eating less than half of the offered food portion, not eating snacks and resident's weight control at long intervals were associated with malnutrition. In logistic regression analysis mainly patient-related factors predicted malnutrition: impaired functioning (OR 3.71, 95% CI 2.76-4.99), swallowing difficulties (OR 3.03, 95% CI 2.10-4.37), dementia (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.45-2.93), constipation (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.38-2.47), but also eating less than half of the offered food portion (OR 3.03, 95% CI 2.21-4.15).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although internal factors explain most about the poor nutritional status of aged residents in nursing homes, the factors related to nutritional care need further investigation to clarify their role in maintaining the nutritional status of aged residents.
authors.affiliation: The Central Union for the Welfare of the Aged, Malmin kauppatie 26, FIN-00700 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suominen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muurinen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Routasalo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soini
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Suur-Uski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peiponen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Finne-Soveri
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Pitkala
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003248:Constipation / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009735:Nursing Homes; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors