title: The salmon vertebral body develops through mineralization of two preformed tissues that are encompassed by two layers of bone.
abstract: The teleost backbone consists of amphicoelous vertebrae and intervertebral ligaments, both of which include notochord-derived structures. On the basis of a sequential developmental study of the vertebral column of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) from the egg stage up to early fry stage (300-2500 day-degrees) we show that the vertebral body consists of four layers or compartments, two of which are formed through mineralization of preformed collagenous tissue (the notochordal sheath and the intervertebral ligament) and two of which are formed through ossification. The three inner layers have ordered lamellar collagen matrixes, which alternate perpendicularly from layer to layer, whereas the outer layer consists of cancellous bone with a woven matrix. The bone layers also differ in osteocyte content. In this study we describe the structural details of the layers, and their modes of formation. The results are compared with previous descriptions, and possible phylogenetic implications are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Allégt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Kari.Nordvik@bio.uib.no
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nordvik
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kryvi
authors.forename: Geir K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Totland
authors.forename: Sindre
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grotmol
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002356:Cartilage / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007814:Larva / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008022:Ligaments / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D009672:Notochord / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D010063:Ovum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012474:Salmon / Q000196:embryology*; D013131:Spine / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
references.citation: J Anat. 2005 May;206(5):427-36
references.pmid: 15857363
references.citation: J Morphol. 2001 Nov;250(2):101-72
references.pmid: 11746457
references.citation: J Morphol. 1987 Sep;193(3):253-61
references.pmid: 3682003
references.citation: Cell Tissue Res. 2004 Mar;315(3):393-406
references.pmid: 14762709
references.citation: Bone. 2001 Apr;28(4):351-61
references.pmid: 11336915
references.citation: Development. 2004 Feb;131(4):873-80
references.pmid: 14736741
references.citation: Connect Tissue Res. 1996;34(4):239-46
references.pmid: 9084632
references.citation: Calcif Tissue Int. 1979 Aug 24;28(1):43-56
references.pmid: 115551
references.citation: Anat Embryol (Berl). 2003 Dec;207(4-5):263-72
references.pmid: 14574572