title: Diphenyl diselenide reverses cadmium-induced oxidative damage on mice tissues.
abstract: The concept that selenium-containing molecules may be better antioxidants than classical antioxidants, has led to the design of synthetic organoselenium compounds. In the present investigation subchronic deleterious effects of cadmium-intoxication in mice and a possible protective effect of diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2 (5 micromol/kg) were studied. Male adult Swiss albino mice (25-35 g) received CdCl2 (10 micromol/kg, subcutaneously), five times/week, for 4 weeks. A number of toxicological parameters in blood, liver, kidney, spleen and brain of mice were examined including delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity, lipid peroxidation and ascorbic acid content, the parameters that indicate tissue damage such as plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, creatinine and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were also determined. The results demonstrated that cadmium caused inhibition of delta-ALA-D activity in liver (24%), kidney (33%) and spleen (73%) and (PhSe)2 therapy was effective in restoring enzyme activity in all tissues. A reduction in ascorbic acid content was observed in kidney (11%) and spleen (10.7%) of cadmium-treated mice and (PhSe)2 was only effective in improving this reduction in kidney. An increase of lipid peroxidation induced by cadmium was noted in liver (29%) and brain (28%) tissues and (PhSe)2 therapy was effective in restoring TBARS levels in both tissues. We also observed an increase on plasma LDH (1.99-times), AST (1.93-times) and ALT (4.24-times) activities. (PhSe)2 therapy was effective in restoring AST activity at control level. (PhSe)2 did not present toxic effects when plasma parameters were evaluated. The results suggest that the administration of an antioxidant (PhSe)2, during cadmium intoxication may provide beneficial effects by reducing oxidative stress in tissues.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Francielli W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Gilson
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zeni
authors.forename: Joao B T
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Simone N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Weis
authors.forename: Juliana M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Fachinetto
authors.forename: Alexandre M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Favero
authors.forename: Cristina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Nogueira
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D016566:Organoselenium Compounds; D002104:Cadmium; C061132:diphenyldiselenide; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid