title: Homocysteine as a risk factor for CVD mortality in men with other CVD risk factors: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Based on case-control and prospective studies elevated blood total homocysteine (tHcy) has been suggested to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The purpose of the study was to explore the joint effect of increased serum tHcy concentration and other risk factors on the risk of CVD mortality in middle-aged men without a history of heart disease or stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, population-based Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eastern Finland. Subjects. A total of 802 men aged 46-64 years, examined in 1991-93.
  
  
  METHODS
  CVD mortality event.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean serum tHcy concentration was 10.8 micromol L(-1) (SD 3.3). During the average follow-up time of 10.8 years 50 men experienced a CVD death. The hazard rate ratio for CVD mortality was 1.80 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-3.19) in men in the highest serum tHcy third versus lower thirds after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Furthermore, elevated serum tHcy concentration appeared to increase the risk of CVD death in men who smoke or who have high circulating concentrations of serum total or LDL cholesterol, apo-B apolipoprotein or plasma fibrinogen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that homocysteine may increase the risk of CVD mortality in middle-aged men from Eastern Finland, and it may especially increase the risk when present with other risk factors for CVD.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Public Health, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. jyrki.virtanen@uku.fi
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Virtanen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Voutilainen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alfthan
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Rissanen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mursu
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Salonen
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006710:Homocysteine; D002784:Cholesterol