Characterizing osteochondrosis in the dog: potential roles for matrix metalloproteinases and mechanical load in pathogenesis and disease progression.
OBJECTIVE
To address possible roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and mechanical stress in the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis (OC).


METHODS
Naturally-occurring canine OC lesions (n=50) were immunohistochemically analyzed for MMP-1, -3, and -13, and normal canine articular cartilage explants (n=6) cultured under 0-, 2-, or 4-MPa compressive loads (0.1 Hz, 20 min every 8 h up to 12 days) were compared to OC samples (n=4) biochemically and molecularly.


RESULTS
MMP-1 and -3 immunoreactivities were readily detected in both OC samples and control tissues obtained from age-matched dogs (n=11) whereas MMP-13 was only detectable in OC samples. MMP-13 gene expression as determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was elevated in OC samples and cartilage explants cultured without mechanical stimuli (0 MPa groups) compared to normal cartilage (day 0 controls). Glycosaminoglycan content (per weight) in cartilage explants cultured under no load was significantly (P<0.05) lower on day 12 than in the day 0 controls. Gene expression levels of aggrecan and type II collagen in OC samples were lower than those in the day 0 controls. High levels of aggrecan and collagen II expression were seen in the 2 MPa groups.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings imply that impaired biochemical characteristics in OC-affected cartilage may be attributable to decreased extracellular matrix production that may stem from disruption of normal weight bearing forces.
Kuroki
K
K
Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, USA.
Cook
J L
JL
Stoker
A M
AM
Turnquist
S E
SE
Kreeger
J M
JM
Tomlinson
J L
JL
D000818:Animals; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010007:Osteochondritis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D016474:Weight-Bearing
D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases