title: Plant-based immunocontraceptive control of wildlife--"potentials, limitations, and possums".
abstract: Possums (Trichosurus vulpecula), originally introduced from Australia, are spread over 90% of New Zealand and cause major economic and environmental damage. Immunocontraception has been suggested as a humane means to control them. Marsupial-specific reproductive antigens expressed at high levels in edible transgenic plant tissue might provide a safe, effective, and cheap oral delivery bait for immunocontraceptive control. As proof of concept, female possums vaccinated with immunocontraceptive antigens showed reduced fertility, and possums fed with potato-expressed heat labile toxin-B (LT-B) had mucosal and systemic immune responses to the antigen. This demonstrated that immunocontraception was effective in possums and that oral delivery in edible plant material might be possible. Nuclear transformation with reporter genes showed that transgenic carrot roots accumulate high levels of foreign protein in edible tissues, indicating their potential as a delivery vector. However, prior to attempts at large scale production, more effective immunocontraceptive antigen-adjuvant formulations are probably required before plant-based immunocontraception can become a major tool for immunocontraceptive control of overabundant vertebrate pests.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Bioscience Precinct, L6 Nth Tower, University of Queensland, St. Lucia Q4072, Australia.
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Polkinghorne
authors.forename: Denes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hamerli
authors.forename: Phil
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duckworth
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000276:immunology; D003269:Contraception, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D007246:Infertility / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D009893:Opossums / Q000502:physiology*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011155:Population Control; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000276:immunology; D013552:Swine; D015044:Zona Pellucida / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D000939:Epitopes; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli