title: Sleep-related risk of occupational injuries in Japanese small and medium-scale enterprises.
abstract: A cross-sectional study evaluated the contribution of daily sleep habits to occupational injuries. A self-administered questionnaire solicited answers about sleep, symptoms of depression, occupational injury, demographics, presence of diseases and lifestyle factors from 2,903 workers between the ages of 16-83 (mean 45) yr in small and medium-scale enterprises. Eight sleep habits were queried and dichotomized: 1) less or more than 6 hr of daily sleep, 2) taking more or less than 30 min to fall asleep (Difficulty initiating sleep; DIS), 3) awakening during sleep more or less than 3 times/wk (Difficulty maintaining sleep; DMS), 4) early morning awakening more or less than 3 times/wk (EMA), 5) definitely/somewhat difficulty waking up or not, 6) sleeping very poorly/not so well at night or not, 7) definitely/somewhat insufficient nightly sleep or not, and 8) difficulty in breathing during sleep more than once/week or less. Occupational injury was assessed by asking subjects 'Have you ever been injured during your work, including minor scratches and cuts (Yes/No)?' Both sleep and injury were assessed over the previous one year period. One-third of workers answered that they had experienced injury. Workers with sleep features of DIS, sleeping poorly at night, insufficient sleep, and insomnia had a significantly higher prevalence for injury after adjusting for multiple confounders. The findings suggest that poor nocturnal sleep habits are associated with self-reported occupational injury.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Industrial Health, Kawasaki, Japan.
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haratani
authors.forename: Yosei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Satoe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukui
authors.forename: Naomi G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hojou
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000145:classification*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology*