title: Screening of lung cancer with low dose spiral CT: results of a three year pilot study and design of the randomised controlled trial ''Italung-CT''.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the results of a three-year observational pilot study of lung cancer screening with low dose computed tomography (CT) and to present the study design of a randomised clinical trial named as ''Italung-CT''.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty (47 males and 13 females, mean age 64+/-4.5 years) heavy smokers (at least 20 packs-year) underwent three low-dose spiral CT screening tests one year apart on a single slice or multislice CT scanner. Indeterminate nodules were managed according to the recommendations of the Early Lung Cancer Action Project.
  
  
  RESULTS
  and Indeterminate nodules were observed in 33 (55%) of the subjects (60% at the baseline screening test, 24% at the first annual test and 16% at the second annual test). The size of the largest indeterminate nodule was <5 mm in diameter in 20 subjects, 10 of whom showed the nodule at the baseline test. Forty-five subjects (75%) completed the first annual test and 42 (70%) the second annual test. One (1.6%) prevalent lung cancer (adenosquamous carcinoma) and one (2.2%) incident lung cancer (small cell cancer at the first annual examination) were observed, as well as a pulmonary localisation of Hodgkin's lymphoma (at the second annual test). In addition, one subject underwent lung surgery for a chondromatous hamartoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the pilot study are substantially in line with those of other observational studies of greater sample size. This justifies optimism about the reliability of the results in the screened arm of the ''Italung CT'' trial which has just begun.
authors.affiliation: Radiodiagnostica I, Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Picozzi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lopez Pegna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bartolucci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roselli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Francisci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Masi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Villari
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascalchi
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed