title: A double blind study showing that two weeks of daily repetitive TMS over the left or right temporoparietal cortex reduces symptoms in patients with schizophrenia who are having treatment-refractory auditory hallucinations.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the left and right temporoparietal cortex compared with sham stimulation in schizophrenic patients with treatment-refractory auditory hallucinations (AH). Thirty-nine patients with schizophrenia with treatment-refractory AH were allocated randomly to one of three groups: daily left, right, and sham rTMS groups. rTMS was applied to the TP3 or 4 regions with the aid of the electroencephalography 10-20 international system at 1 Hz for 20 min per day for 10 treatment days. Symptoms were evaluated using the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS), the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Clinical Global Impression--Severity (CGI-S), and Clinical Global Impression--Improvement (CGI-I) scale. For the time effect (within-subject comparison), there were significant changes in the frequency of AHs, positive symptoms of PANSS, and CGI-I. A between-group comparison revealed significant differences in the positive symptoms of PANSS, and CGI-I scores. Post hoc analysis revealed that both the right- and left-side rTMS treatment groups exhibited better CGI-I scores compared to the sham-stimulated group. This study suggests that 10 days of low-frequency rTMS applied daily for 20 min to either temporoparietal cortex significantly reduces the symptoms in patients with schizophrenia who are having refractory AH, but the left sided rTMS is not superior to right or sham rTMS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Ilsanpaik Hospital, Inje University of Korea, Koyang, South Korea.
authors.forename: Seung-Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Cho
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Kyung-Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Won-Myong
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Bahk
authors.forename: Tae-Yun
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Jun
authors.forename: Kwang-Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Jeong-Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chae
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000647:Amnesia / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D004244:Dizziness / Q000209:etiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008280:Magnetics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome