title: Extravasation injury in the perioperative setting.
abstract: Extravasation is an unintentional injection or leakage of fluid in the perivascular or subcutaneous space. Extravasation injury results from a combination of factors, including solution cytotoxicity, osmolality, vasoconstrictor properties, infusion pressure, regional anatomical peculiarities, and other patient factors. We reviewed the hospital files of patients who had sustained a significant extravasation injury in the perioperative setting at two German hospitals. These cases highlight the risk of devastating consequences from extravasation injury. Vasoactive drugs and hyperosmolar and concentrated electrolyte solutions are the predominant vesicants in the perioperative setting. Prompt and appropriate intervention is important for avoiding or minimizing extensive tissue injury.
authors.affiliation: Departments of *Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine and †Otolaryngology, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany; ‡Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin; and §Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany.
authors.forename: Wolfram
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schummer
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schummer
authors.forename: Ole
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bredle
authors.forename: Waheedullah
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Karzai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
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