title: An extremely compensatible cigarette by design: documentary evidence on industry awareness and reactions to the Barclay filter design cheating the tar testing system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Barclay cigarette (Brown & Williamson) was introduced in 1980 in the USA in the most expensive launch in history. In the USA and around the world, Barclay was later determined to have a grooved filter design that was compromised by human smokers in the normal act of smoking, but that was measured as ultra-low tar using the standard tar testing protocol.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether Brown & Williamson knew of the compensatability of Barclay during the design process and before it was released; to evaluate initial responses of competing tobacco companies to Barclay, before complaints were made to the Federal Trade Commission in 1981.
  
  
  METHODS
  Internet databases of industry documents (Tobacco Documents Online, Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, Brown & Williamson Litigation discovery website, Guildford and major company websites) were searched using key words, key dates, and targeted searches. Documents related specifically to the development, evaluation and release of the Barclay cigarette and related to the responses by competing tobacco companies were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Documents indicate the manufacturer was aware of Barclay design problems and was planning, before release, to respond to criticism. Competing companies quickly detected the filter groove stratagem and considered developing their own similar filter, but eventually backed off.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The design problems with Barclay were readily understood by cigarette manufacturers, including the maker of Barclay, before official governmental evaluations occurred. Testing involving measured exposures to human smokers may in the end be crucial to identifying problems with novel cigarette designs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. ltk1@psu.edu <ltk1@psu.edu>
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Kozlowski
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Dreschel
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Stellman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilkenfeld
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D001364:Awareness; D008192:Deception; D004465:Economic Competition; D006801:Humans; D040541:Marketing; D012907:Smoking; D019460:Tobacco Industry / Q000592:standards*
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