title: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and humans who work with horses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prevalence of nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in horses and horse personnel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective prevalence study.
  
  
  METHODS
  972 horses and 107 personnel from equine farms in Ontario, Canada and New York state.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nasal swab specimens were collected from horses and humans on farms with (targeted surveillance) and without (nontargeted surveillance) a history of MRSA colonization or infection in horses during the preceding year. Selective culture for MRSA was performed. Isolates were typed via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antibiograms were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRSA was isolated from 46 of 972 (4.7%) horses (0/581 via nontargeted surveillance and 46/391 [12%] via targeted surveillance). Similarly, MRSA was isolated from 14 of 107 (13%) humans (2/41 [5%] from nontargeted surveillance and 12/66 [18%] from targeted surveillance). All isolates were subtypes of Canadian epidemic MRSA-5, an uncommon strain in humans. All isolates were resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial class in addition to beta-lactams. On all farms with colonized horses, at least 1 human was colonized with an indistinguishable subtype. For horses, residing on a farm that housed > 20 horses was the only factor significantly associated with MRSA colonization. For humans, regular contact with > 20 horses was the only identified risk factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results confirm a reservoir of colonized horses on a variety of farms in Ontario and New York and provide evidence that 1 MRSA strain is predominantly involved in MRSA colonization in horses and humans that work with horses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
authors.forename: J Scott
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Weese
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rousseau
authors.forename: Josie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Traub-Dargatz
authors.forename: Barbara M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Willey
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: McGeer
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Low
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000662:veterinary; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents