title: Vascular endothelial growth factor reduced and connective tissue growth factor induced by triamcinolone in ARPE19 cells under oxidative stress.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether triamcinolone acetonide (TA) affects the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to oxidative stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  TA (10 nM, 1 microM, or 100 microM) was added to ARPE19 cells exposed to oxidative stress induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation and paraquat. Cellular expression of VEGF, CTGF, and an inducer of both growth factors, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta was investigated with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Tube-forming assays were conducted with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in conditioned medium from RPE cells exposed to oxidative stress, with or without TA treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Oxidative stress induced mRNA expression of VEGF, CTGF, and TGF-beta by RPE cells. TA reduced upregulation of VEGF and TGF-beta in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, upregulation of CTGF by oxidative stress was accelerated by TA concentrations of 10 nM and 1 muM. Tube formation by HUVECs was strongly inhibited by exposure to conditioned medium from oxidative stress-stimulated ARPE19 cells treated with 1 muM TA compared with cells not treated with TA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TA reduced VEGF expression and induced CTGF expression in ARPE19 cells exposed to oxidative stress, and conditioned medium from these cells inhibited tube formation by HUVECs. Because VEGF is a major cytokine involved in angiogenesis, and CTGF is a main cytokine related to fibrosis, these results suggest that changes in their expression may be important mechanisms underlying the decreased choroidal neovascularization and fibrosis after administration of TA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Fumi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tohyama
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tano
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010269:Paraquat / Q000633:toxicity; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C526317:CCN2 protein, human; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C467484:VEGFA protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D055513:Connective Tissue Growth Factor; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; D010269:Paraquat