title: Use of clay mineral (montmorillonite) for reducing poultry litter leachate toxicity (EC50).
abstract: Poultry litter (PL) has useful nutrients and is therefore used as manure. In addition to N, P and K, PL also contains some heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn), antibiotics, antioxidants, mold inhibitors and other organic compounds. Poultry litter aqueous leachate (PLL) has been shown to be toxic to many organisms; PLL is more toxic than the aqueous leachate of other animal manures used on agricultural soils. Clayey soils are known to retain toxic heavy metals. The objective of this study was to measure the change in toxicity (EC50) of PLL on the addition of clay mineral--montmorillonite. A significant reduction (124%) in toxicity of the clay poultry litter leachate (CLL) after 7 days was observed compared to the toxicity of the PLL alone after 1 day. This indicates that some of the toxic components of the litter were adsorbed by the clay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA. gcgupta@umes.edu
authors.forename: Gian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gardner
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D000818:Animals; D001546:Bentonite / Q000737:chemistry*; D033361:Cladocera; D000077215:Clay; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008372:Manure; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D011200:Poultry; D012995:Solubility; D014733:Vibrio; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D008372:Manure; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014873:Water Pollutants; D001546:Bentonite; D000077215:Clay