title: A multimedia CD-ROM tool to improve student understanding of bile salts and bilirubin metabolism: evaluation of its use in a medical hybrid PBL course.
abstract: Over the last 35 years our understanding of bile salts, bilirubin metabolism, and hepatobiliary transport has progressively increased. From 1965 to the end of 2002, 3,610 articles and review papers have been published on hepatobiliary and enterocyte transport of bile salts. However, there is a lack of information in the content of current textbooks about hepatobiliary physiology, bile salt transporters, bile formation, mechanisms underlying cholestasis, and drug-induced liver injury. The use of an integrated multimedia program on the liver covering these gaps in textbooks may be useful to student learning. This study aims to 1) assess student views on a multimedia CD-ROM ("The Liver") integrating basic and clinical sciences related to the liver, bile salts, and bilirubin metabolism, 2) assess the usefulness of problem-based learning (PBL) cases included in the multimedia CD-ROM, and 3) assess student learning before and after use of the multimedia CD-ROM. A total of 106 first-year medical students (27 with and 79 without a prior university degree) at the University of Melbourne participated in this study. Students were tested on the liver, bile salts, and bilirubin metabolism before and after using the multimedia CD-ROM. After completing the multimedia CD-ROM, each student filled out a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire evaluating the features of the program and its usefulness to their learning. Results show that the aims of the package were clear to participants, the contents were logically organized and clear, the key concepts were easy to identify, the contents were pitched to an appropriate level, and the package was interactive and encouraged participants to reflect on their learning. Students also agreed that the assessment tools used in the program and the feedback provided were meaningful and helpful to their learning. No differences were found when responses were compared on the basis of academic background, gender, citizenship, or first language of participants. Students agreed that the PBL cases in the CD-ROM kept them engaged, were useful to their learning, and matched with the overall philosophy of the program. Compared with graduate-entry students (those with a prior university degree), school leavers (those with no prior university degree) showed a more positive attitude toward the PBL cases included in the multimedia CD-ROM and agreed that cases kept them engaged (P = 0.033). Students who completed the test after using the multimedia CD-ROM scored higher compared with those who completed the test before using the multimedia CD-ROM (P < 0.001). In conclusion, using bile salts, bilirubin metabolism, and their hepatobiliary transport as an example, the incorporation of a multimedia CD-ROM into the first-year medical course has the potential to improve student understanding of the main concepts in a variety of body systems.
authors.affiliation: Faculty Education Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. samy@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Samy A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Azer
mesh_terms: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000378:metabolism; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000378:metabolism*; D001692:Biological Transport; D016251:CD-ROM; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D019212:Multimedia; D010827:Physiology / Q000193:education*; D018794:Problem-Based Learning
chemical_list: D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D001663:Bilirubin