title: Correcting the 3MS for bias does not improve accuracy when screening for cognitive impairment or dementia.
abstract: We investigated the effects of correcting for demographic biases on the sensitivity and specificity of the Modified Mini Mental Status Exam (3MS) using a sample of English-speaking older adults (N=8901) from the Canadian Studies of Health and Aging. The sensitivity and specificity of the original 3MS were compared to the 3MS regression-adjusted for the influence of demographic variables and then to 3MS percentiles based on published normative data with age and education corrected cutoff scores. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the regression-adjusted 3MS was no more accurate than the original 3MS when screening for dementia, and it was less accurate when screening for cognitive impairment. The use of 3MS percentiles based on normative data with age and education corrected cut-off points were less accurate than the original 3MS when screening for both cognitive impairment and when screening for dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuokko
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Graves
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kadlec
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015982:Bias; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008609:Mental Status Schedule / Q000592:standards*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012043:Regression, Psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity