title: [Evolution of the Fontan operation and results in patients with single ventricles or mixed congenital malformations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the results of right heart derivations and clinical outcomes according to preoperative characteristics and operative strategy implemented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fontan operations were performed in 65 patients (mean age = 10.3 years, 41 males). The majority of cardiopathies were single ventricles (SV) with (49% of patients) or without (26%) tricuspid atresia. A palliative bidirectional cavo-pulmonary (BCP) anastomosis was performed prior to Fontan in 15 patients. Intra-atrial Fontan tunnelling was performed in 43 patients, Kreutzer-type operations in 10, and extracardiac tubes were used in 8 patients. The mean duration of follow-up was 6.1 +/- 0.3 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 30-day mortality was 13.8%. Early mortality was higher among patients with SV with than without tricuspid atresia (P < 0.01), and among patients < 4 years old. Early reoperations were required in 5 patients, including dismounting in 1, BCP anastomosis after Kreutzer procedure in 1, and tube thrombosis in 1 patient. A single death occurred past 30 days, and late adverse events included protein-losing enteropathy in 1 patient, complete atrioventricular block in 1, and tube thrombosis treated with heparin in 2 patients. At the end of follow-up, 75% were in New York Heart Association functional class I.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our intermediate-term results of Fontan-type operations were satisfactory, and steadily improving. The prognosis was better in patients operated at age 4 or older. A prior BCP anastomosis improved the results. A higher morbidity was observed with intra- than with extra-atrial Fontan procedures. The merit of fenestration procedures with respect to morbidity remains the be evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Service de chirurgie thoracique et cardiologique C transplantation cardiaque, hôpital cardiologique Louis Pradel, BP Lyon Montchat. roland.henaine@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Henaine
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raisky
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chavanis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aubert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Di Filippo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ninet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018785:Tricuspid Atresia / Q000601:surgery*