Economic evaluation of hemodialysis: implications for technology assessment in Greece.
OBJECTIVE
Hemodialysis is a well-established treatment for 74 percent of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in Greece. The purpose of this study is to provide an estimate of the direct cost of dialysis in a public hospital setting and an estimate of the loss of production for ESRD patients. The results will be useful for public health facility planning purposes.


METHODS
A socioeconomic prevalence-based analysis was performed using micro-economic evaluation of health-care resources consumed to provide hemodialysis for ESRD patients in 2000. Lost productivity costs due to illness were estimated for the patient and family using the human capital approach and the friction method. Indirect morbidity costs due to absence from work and long-term were estimated, as well as mortality costs. Mean gross income was used for both patient and family.


RESULTS
Total health-sector cost for hemodialysis in Greece exceeds 171 million Euros, or 182 Euros per session and 229 Euros per inpatient day. There were 2,046 years lost due to mortality, and the potential productivity cost was estimated at 9.9 million Euros, according to the human capital approach, and 303.000 Euros, according to the friction method. Total morbidity cost due to absence from work and early retirement was estimated at more than 273 million Euros, according to the human capital approach, and 12.5 Euros, according to the friction method.


CONCLUSIONS
Providing hemodialysis care for 0.05 percent of the population suffering from ESRD absorbs approximately 2 percent of total health expenditure in Greece. In addition to the cost for the National Health System, production loss due to mortality and morbidity from the disease are also considerable. Promoting alternative technologies such as organ transplantation and home dialysis as well as improving hemodialysis efficiency through satellite units are strategies that may prove more cost-effective and psychologically advantageous for the patients.
Kaitelidou
Daphne
D
Department of Nursing, Center for Health Services Management and Evaluation, University of Athens, Greece. dkaitel@cc.uoa.gr
Ziroyanis
Panagiotis N
PN
Maniadakis
Nikolaos
N
Liaropoulos
Lycurgus L
LL
D017281:Cost of Illness; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000191:economics*; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical