title: Chlamydial antibodies and risk of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the risk of prostate cancer by exposure to Chlamydia trachomatis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred thirty eight cases of prostate cancer and 2,271 matched controls were identified from three serum sample banks in Finland, Norway, and Sweden by linkage to the population based cancer registries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant inverse association (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.94) was found. It was consistent by different serotypes and there was a consistent dose-response relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C. trachomatis infection is not likely to increase the risk of prostate cancer. Whether the inverse relationship is true or due to difficulties in measuring the true exposure in prostatic tissue by serology, confounders or other sources of error remain open.
authors.affiliation: National Public Health Institute, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anttila
authors.forename: Leena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tenkanen
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lumme
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leinonen
authors.forename: Randi Elin
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Gislefoss
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thoresen
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hakulinen
authors.forename: Tapio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luostarinen
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stattin
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Saikku
authors.forename: Joakim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dillner
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehtinen
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002690:Chlamydia Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D002692:Chlamydia trachomatis / Q000276:immunology; D023521:Chlamydophila Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D016993:Chlamydophila pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial