title: Comparison of pioglitazone and gliclazide in sustaining glycemic control over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The hypothesis that pioglitazone treatment is superior to gliclazide treatment in sustaining glycemic control for up to 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes was tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, 2-year study. Approximately 600 patients from 98 centers participated. Eligible patients had completed a previous 12-month study and consented to continue treatment for a further year. To avoid selection bias, all patients from all centers were included in the primary analysis (a comparison of the time-to-failure distributions of the two groups by using a log-rank test) regardless of whether they continued treatment for a 2nd year. By using repeated-measures ANOVA, time course of least square means of HbA(1c) and homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA) indexes (HOMA-%S and HOMA-%B) were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A greater proportion of patients treated with pioglitazone maintained HbA(1c) <8% over the 2-year period than those treated with gliclazide. A difference between the Kaplan-Meier curves was apparent as early as week 32 and widened at each time point thereafter, becoming statistically significant from week 52 onward. At week 104, 129 (47.8%) of 270 pioglitazone-treated patients and 110 (37.0%) of 297 gliclazide-treated patients maintained HbA(1c) <8%. Compared with gliclazide treatment, pioglitazone treatment produced a larger decrease in HbA(1c), a larger increase in HOMA-%S, and a smaller increase in HOMA-%B during the 2nd year of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pioglitazone is superior to gliclazide in sustaining glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes during the 2nd year of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. tan_meng@lilly.com
authors.forename: Meng H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baksi
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krahulec
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kubalski
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stankiewicz
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Urquhart
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Johns
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001835:Body Weight; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005907:Gliclazide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005907:Gliclazide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones