title: Cutaneous sarcoidosis in Asians: a report of 25 patients from Singapore.
abstract: Sarcoidosis is a systemic noncaseating granulomatous disorder of unknown origin involving multiple organ systems. There has been no report so far to describe the epidemiological pattern of cutaneous involvement in sarcoidosis in South-East Asia with diverse ethnic groups. A retrospective study examining the clinicopathological features of all patients diagnosed with sarcoidosis at a tertiary dermatology centre in Singapore from 1980 to 2003 was conducted. Cutaneous sarcoidosis was diagnosed in 25 patients: 13 were Indian, 11 were Chinese and one was Eurasian. Cutaneous manifestations included papules, nodules, plaques and scarring alopecia. Extracutaneous involvement of lymph nodes (four patients), lungs (eight patients) and eyes (two patients) was seen. Eight patients had abnormal chest radiographic findings. Histopathological examination of skin lesions revealed noncaseating, epithelioid granulomatous infiltration in the dermis without evidence of mycobacterial infection, deep fungal infection or polarizable birefringent material. Treatment modalities included corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, isotretinoin, methotrexate and surgical excision. Five patients had complete resolution of the cutaneous lesions. Cutaneous sarcoidosis is rare in Asia and indeed in Singapore. Extracutaneous involvement is not uncommon and a thorough clinical evaluation should be undertaken.
authors.affiliation: National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore. wschong@nsc.gov.sg
authors.forename: W-S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: H-H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: S-H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044466:Asian People; D046288:Body Piercing / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000208:ethnology; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D044465:White People