title: Consumption guideline for cadmium in moose meat in northern British Columbia, Canada.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disturbed by reports of high concentrations of cadmium in large land mammals in Arctic Canada, community members wondered if they should eat less moose (Alces alces).
  
  
  METHODS
  Risk assessment modelling.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured cadmium concentrations in moose tissues donated by food hunters. As a conservative assumption, we took the upper limits of the 95% confidence intervals for the means. Cadmium intake from other sources we estimated using risk assessment models. Assuming a Tolerable Daily Intake of cadmium of 1 microgram per kg body weight per day, we calculated maximum allowable intakes of moose kidney, liver and muscle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For a non-smoking 70 kg adult, allowable monthly intakes are: 52 kg of moose muscle, or 137 g of kidney, or 516 g of liver. Allowable intakes varied by age and in proportion to body weight. Cigarette smokers (one to 1.5 packs per day) reach the limit even if they consume no moose at all.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adults may continue to eat moose kidney and liver occasionally and in moderate amounts, but children and cigarette smokers should not eat these organs at all. Consumption of moose muscle need not be restricted. Monitoring of cadmium concentrations in moose should continue.
authors.affiliation: ajin@unixg.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Kelly M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Joseph-Quinn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001955:British Columbia; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D003670:Deer; D004032:Diet; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium