title: Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors and effect of treatment in patients with IgA nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although the clinical and histological prognostic factors of IgA nephropathy have been investigated in detail, the value of treatment in terms of renal outcome is not well understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors examined data from 237 patients with IgA nephropathy (age 31.4+/-13.5 years, mean+/-SD) who had been followed-up for at least six months (follow-up periods, 62.3+/-45.5 months). The authors initially tested the significance of prognostic factors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, proteinuria, serum creatinine, and histological severity) and treatment strategies (steroid therapy, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and tonsillectomy) on renal outcome with univariate analysis, then evaluated the findings using the Cox proportional hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that among the prognostic variables, a high level of serum creatinine at renal biopsy, large amounts of proteinuria, and extensive histological injury were significant risk factors for end-stage renal failure. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the renal survival rates associated with these factors were significantly poorer depending on their severity. Univariate analysis revealed that tonsillectomy was the only significant treatment that contributes to the maintenance of renal survival. Moreover, urinary abnormalities disappeared at a significantly higher frequency when patients were treated by tonsillectomy. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that steroid therapy independently contributed to improve renal prognosis in addition to tonsillectomy, and the hazard ratios were 0.26 (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.93) and 0.37 (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.99), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Steroid therapy and tonsillectomy can independently improve renal outcome in patients with IgA nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan. hkomatsu@fc.miyazaki-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Shouichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Tanenao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eto
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005922:Glomerulonephritis, IGA / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014068:Tonsillectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones