title: A possible association of Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 gene with obesity in native Javanese in Indonesia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that serves as a master regulator of adipocytes-specific genes contributing to adipocytes differentiation, susceptibility to obesity, and insulin sensitivity. The substitution of proline to alanine at codon 12 of the PPAR gamma2 gene (Pro12Ala polymorphism) is most frequently identified and the associations with diabetes, obesity, and other clinical parameters have been reported and discussed in several ethnic groups. Among native Javanese ethnicity, however, there is no report about this polymorphism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Aims of this study were to estimate the allele frequency of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPAR gamma2 gene among native Javanese in Indonesia and to investigate the relationship between this polymorphism and obesity or diabetes. This study included 540 native Javanese subjects consisting of 337 diabetic patients and 203 normal glucose tolerance subjects. Both groups included totally 160 obese subjects (body mass index > or = 25 kg/m(2)). PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for the genotype determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allele frequency of Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma2 gene among native Javanese is lower than that in other ethnic groups. No association is seen between the Pro12Ala and diabetes (0.01 vs 0.017%, p = 0.404), a trend of the higher BMI was observed in Pro12Ala carriers in nondiabetic subjects, although this association is limited by small numbers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, no association is seen between the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR gamma2 gene and diabetes; a weak association with obesity is seen.
authors.affiliation: Division of Internal and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Development and Aging, Faculty of Medical Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Danawati
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kotani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurohara
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiyono
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asdie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaue
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokono
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000409:Alanine / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D044466:Asian People; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011392:Proline / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D011392:Proline; D000409:Alanine