title: Mechanisms of photoprotection and nonphotochemical quenching in pea light-harvesting complex at 2.5 A resolution.
abstract: The plant light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHC-II) collects and transmits solar energy for photosynthesis in chloroplast membranes and has essential roles in regulation of photosynthesis and in photoprotection. The 2.5 A structure of pea LHC-II determined by X-ray crystallography of stacked two-dimensional crystals shows how membranes interact to form chloroplast grana, and reveals the mutual arrangement of 42 chlorophylls a and b, 12 carotenoids and six lipids in the LHC-II trimer. Spectral assignment of individual chlorophylls indicates the flow of energy in the complex and the mechanism of photoprotection in two close chlorophyll a-lutein pairs. We propose a simple mechanism for the xanthophyll-related, slow component of nonphotochemical quenching in LHC-II, by which excess energy is transferred to a zeaxanthin replacing violaxanthin in its binding site, and dissipated as heat. Our structure shows the complex in a quenched state, which may be relevant for the rapid, pH-induced component of nonphotochemical quenching.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Department of Structural Biology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Standfuss
authors.forename: Anke C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Terwisscha van Scheltinga
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lamborghini
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kühlbrandt
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000737:chemistry; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D008954:Models, Biological; D008958:Models, Molecular; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018462:Photobiology; D010777:Photochemistry; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D055672:Static Electricity
chemical_list: D045342:Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes; D008055:Lipids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002338:Carotenoids
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