title: Inhibition of Naja kaouthia venom activities by plant polyphenols.
abstract: Plant polyphenols from the aqueous extracts of Pentace burmanica, Pithecellobium dulce, Areca catechu and Quercus infectoria were tested for their inhibitory activities against Naja kaouthia (NK) venom by in vitro neutralization method. The first three extracts could completely inhibit the lethality of the venom at 4 LD50 concentration and the venom necrotizing activity at the minimum necrotizing dose while also inhibited up to 90% of the acetylcholinesterase activity of NK venom at much lower tannin concentrations than that of Quercus infectoria. The ED50 of plant tannins in inhibiting NK venom activities varied according to condensed tannins and their content in the extracts. Molecular docking of the complexes between alpha-cobratoxin and either hydrolysable or condensed tannins at their lowest energetic conformations were proposed. The anti-venom activities of these plant polyphenols by selectively blocking the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and non-selectively by precipitation of the venom proteins were suggested.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. pypph@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Pimolpan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pithayanukul
authors.forename: Pakatip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruenraroengsak
authors.forename: Rapepol
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bavovada
authors.forename: Narumol
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pakmanee
authors.forename: Rutt
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suttisri
authors.forename: Suwipa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saen-oon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000997:Antivenins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004546:Elapid Venoms / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012639:Seeds
chemical_list: D000997:Antivenins; D004546:Elapid Venoms; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols