title: Effectiveness of the 2003-2004 influenza vaccine among U.S. military basic trainees: a year of suboptimal match between vaccine and circulating strain.
abstract: Effectiveness of the 2003-2004 influenza vaccine was evaluated at five military basic training centers throughout the United States. Data from surveillance conducted in December and January 2003-2004 in this highly vaccinated population were evaluated. During this period, 10.6% (37/350) of specimens were positive for influenza A. A 14-day period after vaccination was considered the period prior to immune protection; vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated based on febrile respiratory illness presentation and laboratory confirmation of influenza before or after this 14-day period. Thirty-two cases presented within 14 days of vaccination, and five cases presented beyond 14 days from vaccination. VE in this population was estimated to be 94.4% for laboratory-confirmed influenza. In contrast, VE was only 13.9% for influenza-like illness (ILI) without a laboratory confirmation.
authors.affiliation: Naval Health Research Center, Department of Defense, Centre for Deployment Health Research, P.O. Box 85122, San Diego, CA 92186-5122, USA. russell@nhrc.navy.mil
authors.forename: Kevin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Margaret A K
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hawksworth
authors.forename: Nikki E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Freed
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Irvine
authors.forename: Luke T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Daum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009975:Orthomyxoviridae / Q000276:immunology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014481:United States; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D007252:Influenza Vaccines