title: Evaluation of the suitability of monoclonal antibodies for flow cytometric intracellular cytokine detection in porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes.
abstract: Panels of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for porcine interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were evaluated for their applicability in flow cytometric intracellular cytokine detection. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were short-time stimulated in the presence of brefeldin-A, ionomycin and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, fixed and incubated with the respective mAbs as well as phycoerythrin-conjugated second-step antibodies. Suitability of mAbs was judged by use of statistical data and by visual control of scattergrams, considering the capability of mAbs to discriminate between cytokine-positive and cytokine-negative cell populations. The number of suitable clones differed to a high degree between the investigated cytokines, but at least one mAb fitting for flow cytometric intracellular cytokine detection could be identified within each panel. Monoclonal Abs producing scattergrams with a clear demarcation between positive and negative cell populations were found within the anti-IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-gamma panels, whereas less well defined positive and negative cell populations could be generated by use of mAbs within the anti-IL-4 and TNF-alpha panels. Only one moderately fitting mAb was identified within the anti-IL-12 panel. After having evaluated the best fitting mAbs, these were used to obtain reference levels for the physiological range of porcine lymphocytic cytokine production in a second set of experiments. For that reason, 13 clinically healthy pigs aged between 6 weeks and 6 months were investigated. Data presented are given as mean +/- SD of the percentage of positive-staining lymphocytes: IL-2, 45.5 +/- 27.6; IL-4, 34.1 +/- 21.3; IL-6, 45.4 +/- 23.8; IL-12, 13.9 +/- 8.6; TNF-alpha, 43.4 +/- 11.3; IFN-gamma, 65.5 +/- 14.8.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. wolfgang.sipos@vu-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sipos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willheim
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hofbauer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pietschmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013552:Swine / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D016207:Cytokines