title: Pathological audit of stapled haemorhoidopexy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Stapled haemorrhoidopexy is increasingly used for the surgical management of prolapsing haemorrhoids. Accurate placement of the staple line is essential to avoid involvement of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) and the pain sensitive squamous epithelium. The aim of this study was to correlate histology with symptomatic outcome after stapled haemorrhoidopexy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single pathologist reviewed one hundred and six consecutive rectal mucosal specimens. Each specimen was assessed for the presence of columnar, transitional and squamous epithelium as well as involvement of smooth and skeletal muscle. In November 2003 all patients were sent a previously validated postal questionnaire about haemorrhoidal symptoms and a Cleveland Clinic continence scale. Symptomatic outcome was compared between patients who did or did not have squamous epithelium involvement in their pathology specimens and were analysed by Mann-Whitney U-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and six stapled haemorrhoidopexies were performed between June 2001 and September 2003. Eighty-four patients (79%) returned the questionnaire; 19 patients had squamous epithelium present in the pathology specimens. There was no significant difference between symptom or Cleveland Clinic scores in patients with or without squamous epithelium in their pathology specimens. Some specimens (n = 6) were found to have smooth muscle underlying squamous epithelium; this was interpreted as the presence of internal anal sphincter (IAS) within the specimen. There was no significant difference in Cleveland Clinic scores between this group and those without IAS involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has not demonstrated a long-term difference in symptomatic outcome or continence in patients who have squamous epithelium present in their stapled haemorrhoidopexy specimens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK. v.shanmugam@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Shanmugam
authors.forename: A J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Binnie
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Loudon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006484:Hemorrhoids / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017792:Surgical Stapling; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome