title: Comparison of multidrug resistance gene regions between two geographically unrelated Salmonella serotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify chromosomally integrated genes conferring multidrug resistance to a Salmonella enterica (S.) serotype Typhimurium isolate, phage type DT193, isolated in Ireland and to compare them with resistance genes conferring plasmid-mediated multidrug resistance to a S. Enteritidis isolate from Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A complete DNA sequence of the regions containing the resistance genes was obtained from the chromosome of the S. Typhimurium DT193 isolate and from the IncI plasmid of the S. Enteritidis isolate. The plasmid was also characterized by conjugation and incompatibility grouping.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two 10 kb multidrug resistance non-Salmonella Genomic Island 1 type clusters were independently identified in the S. Enteritidis plasmid and in the chromosome of the S. Typhimurium isolate. Detailed characterization identified an IP-type 2 integron containing a dfrA1-aadA1 gene cassette and other common resistance determinants derived from the RSF1010 plasmid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These multidrug resistance regions originate following chromosomal integration of key resistance markers encountered on plasmids circulating in other Salmonella serotypes. This mechanism of marker acquisition may have future implications for the evolution of similar structures in previously susceptible serotypes, leading to an increased public health risk.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Diagnostics Unit, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daly
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pezzella
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanning
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carattoli
mesh_terms: D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D032023:Integrons / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers