title: [Molecular mechanism of cleft palate induced by retinoic acid].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the molecular mechanism of cleft palate induced by chemicals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retinoic acid was used as a known teratogen to induce cleft palate in ICR mice and a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique was applied to identify differentially expressed genes that related to cleft palate of ICR mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  14 reverse differently and 9 forward differentially expressed clones were obtained. Some clones were selected to be sequenced and aligned to GenBank.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, suppressed Gpc3 and Insulin-Induced protein 1 could affect growth of palate shelves and resulted in cleft palate by reducing the size of the palate shelves. Down-regulation of Ptprs interfered with a cell signal pathway and down-regulation of Tn C inhibited the cell de-adhesion and expression of Egfr, then suppressed Egfr prevented the normal expression of MMPs that influenced the medial edge epithelium disruption and caused cleft palate. Tn C could bind to Ptprs and Gpcs, and HSPGs were ligands for Ptrps. Up-regulate of Rps25 might play a role in cleft palate by excessively apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Jiangbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Muquan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Yuping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Rongfang
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xuying
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Xili
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Miaoli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Tianbao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D053673:Glypicans; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D019063:Tenascin / Q000235:genetics; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000633:toxicity*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D053673:Glypicans; D019812:Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans; C506119:Insig1 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D019063:Tenascin; D014212:Tretinoin