title: DOPA-sensitive dystonia-plus syndrome.
abstract: We report on two sisters with a childhood-onset form of predominantly axial dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuations. Onset of clinical features was at approximately 6 years of age. Associated features included marked fatigue, slight facial dysmorphism, short stature, obesity, and learning disability*. Dystonia and fatigue responded to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) therapy, with recurrence of symptoms upon withdrawal; the efficacy has been maintained over 7 years. Other symptoms were not influenced. There was no other case in the family (which included an older, healthy brother), except for non-specific fatigue without dystonia in the mother, and there was no significant family history except for obesity on the father's side. These observations are discussed in relation to the classical descriptions of Segawa syndrome, and to more recent reports of childhood onset, age-related, and transient benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze and ataxia. The combination of symptoms, their sensitivity to DOPA, and their persistence throughout childhood constitute, to our knowledge, a new clinical entity, which we propose to categorize as a DOPA-sensitive dystonia-plus syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Service de Neurologie et Maladies Neuromusculaires, 9ème etage, CHU Timone, 13005 Marseille, France. casseron.wilfrid@voila.fr
authors.forename: Wilfrid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Casseron
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Genton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001545:Benserazide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006136:GTP Cyclohydrolase / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D012114:Residential Treatment; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine; D001545:Benserazide; D006136:GTP Cyclohydrolase