title: [Risk factors and current chemoprevention studies in prostate cancer].
abstract: There are no established risk factors for prostate cancer other than age, ethnic group, and family history. For dietary factors, the WCRF/AICR reported that diets high in vegetables were possibly protective, and that regular consumption of red meat, fat, saturated/animal fat, and milk and any products possibly increased risk. Among nutritional factors, a protective effect of lycopene, vitamin E, selenium, and perhaps fish oil and phytoestrogens appear particularly promising, although no definite answers have yet emerged. Although hormonal influences are biologically plausible, observational studies of androgen have not produced consistent results. While, insulin-like growth factor 1 could be a risk factor. Based on these evidences, several chemoprevention trials were launched using 5-alpha reductase inhibitor, selenium, vitamin E and so on.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center.
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Shoichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsugane
mesh_terms: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000009:adverse effects; D018752:Diet, Fat-Restricted; D014676:Diet, Vegetarian; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015444:Exercise; D018120:Finasteride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012643:Selenium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D058891:5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005395:Fish Oils; D019207:beta Carotene; D014810:Vitamin E; D018120:Finasteride; D012643:Selenium