title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta activation inhibits hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) is the predominant PPAR subtype in cardiac cells and plays a prominent role in the regulation of cardiac lipid metabolism. However, the role of PPARbeta/delta activators in cardiac hypertrophy is not yet known.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, the selective PPARbeta/delta activator L-165041 (10 micromol/L) inhibited phenylephrine (PE)-induced protein synthesis ([(3)H]leucine uptake), induction of the fetal-type gene atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and cardiac myocyte size. Induction of cardiac hypertrophy by PE stimulation also led to a reduction in the transcript levels of both muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase (50%, P<0.05) and pyruvatedehydrogenase kinase 4 (30%, P<0.05), and these changes were reversed in the presence of the PPARbeta/delta agonist L-165041. Stimulation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with PE and embryonic rat heart-derived H9c2 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) enhanced the expression of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-target gene monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). The induction of MCP-1 was reduced in the presence of L-165041, suggesting that this compound prevented NF-kappaB activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that L-165041 significantly decreased LPS-stimulated NF-kappaB binding activity in H9c2 myotubes. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that L-165041 strongly enhanced the physical interaction between PPARbeta/delta and the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB, suggesting that increased association between these two proteins is the mechanism responsible for antagonizing NF-kappaB activation by PPARbeta/delta activators.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that PPARbeta/delta activation inhibits PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy and LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Planavila
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Calvo
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jové
authors.forename: Liliane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Michalik
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wahli
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Laguna
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Carrera
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D006332:Cardiomegaly / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D008024:Ligands; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000819:agonists / Q000502:physiology*; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000819:agonists / Q000502:physiology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D010642:Phenoxyacetates; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: C520164:4-(3-(2-propyl-3-hydroxy-4-acetyl)phenoxy)propyloxyphenoxy acetic acid; D000085:Acetates; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008024:Ligands; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047494:PPAR delta; D048068:PPAR-beta; D010636:Phenols; D010642:Phenoxyacetates; D010656:Phenylephrine