Conservation and divergence of circadian clock operation in a stress-inducible Crassulacean acid metabolism species reveals clock compensation against stress.
One of the best-characterized physiological rhythms in plants is the circadian rhythm of CO(2) metabolism in Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants, which is the focus here. The central components of the plant circadian clock have been studied in detail only in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Full-length cDNAs have been obtained encoding orthologs of CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1)/LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (LHY), TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION1 (TOC1), EARLY FLOWERING4 (ELF4), ZEITLUPE (ZTL), FLAVIN-BINDING KELCH REPEAT F-BOX1 (FKF1), EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), and a partial cDNA encoding GIGANTEA in the model stress-inducible CAM plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Common Ice Plant). TOC1 and LHY/CCA1 are under reciprocal circadian control in a manner similar to their regulation in Arabidopsis. ELF4, FKF1, ZTL, GIGANTEA, and ELF3 are under circadian control in C(3) and CAM leaves. ELF4 transcripts peak in the evening and are unaffected by CAM induction. FKF1 shows an abrupt transcript peak 3 h before subjective dusk. ELF3 transcripts appear in the evening, consistent with their role in gating light input to the circadian clock. Intriguingly, ZTL transcripts do not oscillate in Arabidopsis, but do in M. crystallinum. The transcript abundance of the clock-associated genes in M. crystallinum is largely unaffected by development and salt stress, revealing compensation of the central circadian clock against development and abiotic stress in addition to the well-known temperature compensation. Importantly, the clock in M. crystallinum is very similar to that in Arabidopsis, indicating that such a clock could control CAM without requiring additional components of the central oscillator or a novel CAM oscillator.
Boxall
Susanna F
SF
Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5YW, United Kingdom.
Foster
Jonathan M
JM
Bohnert
Hans J
HJ
Cushman
John C
JC
Nimmo
Hugh G
HG
Hartwell
James
J
D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000502:physiology*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D035723:Mesembryanthemum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D010940:Plant Proteins
Nature. 2000 Dec 7;408(6813):716-20
11130072
New Phytol. 1992 Jul;121(3):347-375
33874151
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2003 Apr;6(2):113-20
12667866
Funct Plant Biol. 2002 Jun;29(6):663-668
32689512
Eur J Biochem. 1992 Mar 1;204(2):821-30
1311681
Cell. 2000 Apr 28;101(3):331-40
10847687
EMBO J. 1991 Aug;10(8):2063-8
2065654
Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 2001 Jun;52:139-162
11337395
Science. 2000 Aug 4;289(5480):768-71
10926537
Cell. 2000 Apr 28;101(3):319-29
10847686
Nucleic Acids Res. 1997 Sep 1;25(17):3389-402
9254694
EMBO J. 1999 Sep 1;18(17):4679-88
10469647
Plant Cell. 2001 Jun;13(6):1293-304
11402161
Science. 1999 Sep 3;285(5433):1579-82
10477524
Plant J. 2004 Oct;40(2):291-301
15447654
Plant Cell. 2001 Jun;13(6):1281-92
11402160
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Aug 5;94(16):8515-20
9238008
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 2;101(9):3292-7
14978263
Mol Biol Evol. 1987 Jul;4(4):406-25
3447015
Plant Physiol. 2000 Aug;123(4):1471-82
10938363
Planta. 2000 Nov;211(6):761-9
11144260
Plant Mol Biol. 2003 Jul;52(5):981-97
14558659
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 Apr 15;100(8):4933-8
12665620
Plant J. 1999 Nov;20(3):333-42
10571893
Plant Physiol. 2003 Jun;132(2):732-8
12805602
Nature. 2003 Dec 4;426(6966):567-70
14654842
Plant Cell. 1997 Apr;9(4):491-507
9144958
Planta. 2003 Mar;216(5):789-97
12624766
Gene. 2004 Oct 27;341:83-92
15474291
Science. 2001 Aug 3;293(5531):880-3
11486091
Planta. 2004 Aug;219(4):705-13
15127301
Cell. 1998 Jun 26;93(7):1207-17
9657153
Plant Physiol. 2003 Dec;133(4):1530-8
14605220
Nature. 2002 Sep 5;419(6902):74-7
12214234
Plant Physiol. 2003 Dec;133(4):2021-8
14630963
Nature. 2003 Nov 20;426(6964):302-6
14628054
Development. 1998 Feb;125(3):485-94
9425143
Plant Physiol. 1999 Nov;121(3):889-896
10557237
Plant Cell. 2001 Dec;13(12):2659-70
11752379