title: [Visceral leishmaniases].
abstract: Visceral leishmaniases (VL), with spreading epidemics in India and Sudan, and sporadic cases in mediterranean basin, show clinical, therapeutical and public health aspects varying according to the geographic context. Co-infection of VL with the human immunodeficiency virus emerged in southwestern Europe and could occur in a next future in India, in Sudan, in Ethiopia or in Brazil. Today, lipid formulations of amphotericin B should be the first line drugs in Mediterranean basin. Elsewhere, pentavalent antimonials remain the cornerstone of treatment in non resistant areas, conventional amphotericin B or miltefosine being an alternative in areas of resistance to antimony.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine interne, hôpital de l'Archet, CHU de Nice, 06202 Nice Cedex. rosenthal.e@chu-nice.fr
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosenthal
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marty
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D000328:Adult; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000965:Antimony / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004285:Dogs; D005002:Ethiopia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015995:Prevalence; D013997:Time Factors; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; C039128:miltefosine; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000965:Antimony