title: Surface morphology of kidney, ureters and urinary bladder models based on data from the visible human male.
abstract: The aim of the present work was to create a simplified high-resolution three-dimensional model of kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder in a data form suitable for finite element/volume based numerical simulations. The exterior morphology of the organs was based on images from the Visible Human Male data set. In both the right and left kidney, there were defined their topographic relations to the neighbouring anatomical structures. This model of kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder will be incorporated into the model of The Visible Human Male abdomen and pelvis and it is ready to be used for numerical simulations in urinary system biomechanics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Karlovarská 48, Pilsen 301 66, Czech Republic. tonar@lfp.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Zbynek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tonar
authors.forename: Frantisek
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zát'ura
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grill
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D014513:Ureter / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D053443:Visible Human Projects