title: Prognostic factors for survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after percutaneous microwave ablation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the long-term survival and prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with percutaneous microwave ablation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained. A database of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in 288 patients (259 men, 29 women; mean age, 54.8 years +/- 11.4 [standard deviation]; age range, 25-82 years) with 477 histologically proved lesions who underwent percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy between May 1994 and October 2002 was retrospectively analyzed. Prognostic factors for survival were evaluated by means of univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up period after microwave ablation was 31.41 months +/- 20.43 (range, 5-106 months). The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year cumulative survival rates among all 288 patients were 93%, 82%, 72%, 63%, and 51%, respectively. Ninety-three patients (32%) died. Local recurrence or new tumors occurred in 100 patients (35%). Age (P = .836), sex (P = .073), preablation serum alpha-fetoprotein level (P = .136), and preablation treatment (P = .256) were not related to prognosis, while tumor number (P = .004), tumor size (P < .001), Child-Pugh classification (P = .003), tumor differentiation (P = .026), and local recurrence or presence of new tumors (P = .004) significantly affected survival at univariate analysis. At multivariate analysis, only tumor size (P < .001), number of nodules (P = .005), and Child-Pugh classification (P = .01) each had a significant effect on survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With use of microwave ablation, there is a high probability of long-term survival of patients with a single lesion of 4.0 cm or less in maximum diameter and Child-Pugh class A cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ultrasound, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Rd, Beijing 100853, China. liangping301@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Baowei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Xiaoling
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dejiang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Qiujin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D003972:Diathermy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors