title: A simple 3-item stroke scale: comparison with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and prediction of middle cerebral artery occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to design a simple stroke scale that requires minimal training but reflects initial stroke severity and is predictive of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The new stroke scale assessed 3 parameters: (1) level of consciousness, (2) gaze, and (3) motor function. Each item was graded 0 to 2, where 0 indicated normal findings and 2 severe abnormalities (ie, profound drowsiness or worse, forced gaze deviation, and severe hemiparesis, respectively). During a study period of 11 months, patients presenting with acute stroke symptoms (onset < or =6 hours) were examined by a stroke neurologist assessing the new scale as well as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). In addition, 83 patients received acute magnetic resonance angiography (MRA; as part of an acute stroke protocol).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The new stroke scale was strongly associated with the NIHSS. Interobserver reliability of the new scale was high (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.947). Using post hoc analysis, a score of > or =4 predicted proximal vessel occlusion (T-segment or M1-segment occlusion of the MCA on MRA) almost as accurately (overall accuracy 0.86) as an NIHSS score of >or =14 (overall accuracy 0.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The new stroke scale reflects acute stroke severity well and predicts proximal MCA occlusion with reasonable accuracy. However, the clinical scale needs further evaluation before it can be recommended as a tool for the triage of acute stroke patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, J.W. Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. o.singer@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Oliver C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dvorak
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: du Mesnil de Rochemont
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lanfermann
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sitzer
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neumann-Haefelin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014481:United States