title: Relationship between emotional numbing and arousal symptoms in American women of Japanese descent who experienced interpersonal victimization.
abstract: In recent years, studies of veterans and others who experienced various types of trauma have found a strong relationship between emotional numbing and arousal symptoms, challenging the current DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, which combines emotional numbing and avoidance symptoms in a single criterion. In this paper, we investigate emotional numbing symptoms in a community-based random sample of women of Japanese descent who had experienced interpersonal victimization, such as childhood abuse, intimate partner violence, and violence perpetrated by non-intimates (n = 202). Controlling for age, place of birth, and timing and severity of victimization, emotional numbing symptom counts were associated more strongly with arousal than avoidance symptoms, consistent with previous studies of veterans and assaulted women. In addition, emotional numbing symptom counts were significantly associated with age and, to a lesser degree, country of birth. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109-1106, USA. miekoy@umich.edu
authors.forename: Mieko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshihama
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horrocks
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001143:Arousal; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*