title: Phosphorylation of histone deacetylase 7 by protein kinase D mediates T cell receptor-induced Nur77 expression and apoptosis.
abstract: The molecular basis of thymocyte negative selection, a crucial mechanism in establishing central tolerance, is not yet resolved. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have emerged as key transcriptional regulators in several major developmental programs. Recently, we showed that the class IIa member, HDAC7, regulates negative selection by repressing expression of Nur77, an orphan nuclear receptor involved in antigen-induced apoptosis of thymocytes. Engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) alleviates this repression through phosphorylation-dependent nuclear exclusion of HDAC7. However, the identity of the TCR-activated kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates HDAC7 was still unknown. Here, we demonstrate that TCR-induced nuclear export of HDAC7 and Nur77 expression is mediated by activation of protein kinase D (PKD). Indeed, active PKD stimulates HDAC7 nuclear export and Nur77 expression. In contrast, inhibition of PKD prevents TCR-mediated nuclear exclusion of HDAC7 and associated Nur77 activation. Furthermore, we show that HDAC7 is an interaction partner and a substrate for PKD. We identify four serine residues in the NH(2) terminus of HDAC7 as targets for PKD. More importantly, a mutant of HDAC7 specifically deficient in phosphorylation by PKD, inhibits TCR-mediated apoptosis of T cell hybridomas. These findings indicate that PKD is likely to play a key role in the signaling pathways controlling negative selection.
authors.affiliation: Cellular and Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Agronomy, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium. dequiedt.f@fsagx.ac.be
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dequiedt
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Lint
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lecomte
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Van Duppen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seufferlein
authors.forename: Jackie R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Vandenheede
authors.forename: Ruddy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wattiez
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kettmann
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017209:Apoptosis; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D010703:Phorbol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C539821:NR4A1 protein, human; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D010703:Phorbol Esters; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D014157:Transcription Factors; C089212:protein kinase D; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C543273:HDAC7 protein, human; D006655:Histone Deacetylases
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