title: Differential indication for histological evaluation of endometrial fluid in postmenopause.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The endometrium carcinoma is the most frequent malignancy of the female genital tract. Approximately, 10-20% of all patients with an endometrial carcinoma are free of symptoms until the time of diagnosis. The frequent occurrence of an endometrial carcinoma in connection with intrauterine cavity fluid collection (sero- or mucometra) has been discussed controversially in literature. What are the hysteroscopic and histological findings in patients with sonographically determined endometrial fluid in postmenopause, and how should these findings be interpreted?
  
  
  METHODS
  74 patients, in whom endometrial fluid without bleeding disorders had been diagnosed during routine transvaginal sonography, underwent hysteroscopy conducted with a 4.5 mm optics and dilatation and curettage (D&C). The median age of the patients was 68 years with a range of 32 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The simple thickness of the endometrium, i.e. single layer measured sonographically at the point of maximal thickness, was on average 5.7 mm +/- 3.6 mm (2-15 mm). Hysteroscopically, an endometrium polyp was found in 23 cases (31.1%), endometrium hyperplasia in 12 (16.2%), and an atrophy in 35 cases (47.3%). In four cases (5.4%), an endometrial carcinoma was suspected. The histological results were consistent with the hysteroscopic findings. In all instances, in which the simple endometrial thickness amounted to 3 mm or less, an atrophic endometrium was found. The frequency of intrauterine pathologies increased significantly with a greater thickness of the endometrium. In 80% of patients, a cervical stenosis existed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endometrial fluid by itself, without assessment of the endometrium, does not indicate the requirement for additional histological clarification. As diagnostics, the authors suggest especially the endometrial morphology.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany. torsten.schmidt@medizin.uni-koeln.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nawroth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Breidenbach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoopmann
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mallmann
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Valter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis; D001826:Body Fluids; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D002584:Cervix Uteri / Q000473:pathology; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis; D004107:Dilatation and Curettage; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000175:diagnosis; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D004717:Endometrium / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015907:Hysteroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis; D017698:Postmenopause; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity