title: Prognostic value of umbilical artery Doppler studies in unselected preterm deliveries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the prognostic value of umbilical artery Doppler studies in premature deliveries.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this cohort study of 582 singleton pregnancies delivered between 24 and 35 weeks of gestation, we evaluated the ratio of peak-systolic to end-diastolic (S/D) blood flow velocities in the umbilical artery of all the patients. The correlations among the results of the Doppler studies, short-term neonatal complications, and the infants' neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years were studied by univariable and multivariable methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalences of either neonatal death or cerebral palsy among the 266 (45.7%) growth restricted fetuses were 3.4% (3/88) in pregnancies with a S/D ratio below the 95th percentile, 4.9% (5/103) in pregnancies with a S/D at or above the 95th percentile, and 17.3% (13/75) in those with absent or reversed end-diastolic blood flow in the umbilical artery (P for trend = .001). The corresponding figures in the 316 pregnancies with adequate fetal growth were 6.4% (15/234) and 4.3% (3/69) among pregnancies with a S/D ratio below and at or above 95th percentile, respectively, whereas no cases of either neonatal death or cerebral palsy were recorded in the 13 pregnancies with adequate fetal growth and absent or reversed end-diastolic blood flow velocity (P for trend = .28; chi(2) for heterogeneity of linear trends compared with growth-restricted infants = 7.02, P = .008). In logistic regression, in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction, absent or reversed end-diastolic blood flow in the umbilical artery was still associated with an increased risk of either neonatal death or cerebral palsy even after adjustment for gestational age and proportion of expected birth weight, (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.18-8.66, P = .02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery is an independent predictor of either neonatal death or cerebral palsy in preterm growth-restricted fetuses. In the absence of fetal growth restriction, umbilical artery Doppler study was associated with none of the infant outcome parameters studied.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neonatal Intensive Care, and Child Neuropsychiatry, University of Pavia, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy. spinillo@smatteo.pv.it
authors.forename: Arsenio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spinillo
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montanari
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bergante
authors.forename: Giorgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gaia
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiara
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fazzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000209:etiology; D002657:Child Development; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*