title: Reversal of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis, hepatic insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia by moderate weight reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: To examine the mechanism by which moderate weight reduction improves basal and insulin-stimulated rates of glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes, we used (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess intrahepatic lipid (IHL) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content in conjunction with hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps using [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose to assess rates of glucose production and insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose uptake. Eight obese patients with type 2 diabetes were studied before and after weight stabilization on a moderately hypocaloric very-low-fat diet (3%). The diabetic patients were markedly insulin resistant in both liver and muscle compared with the lean control subjects. These changes were associated with marked increases in IHL (12.2 +/- 3.4 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.1%; P = 0.02) and IMCL (2.0 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.2 +/- 0.1%; P = 0.02) compared with the control subjects. A weight loss of only approximately 8 kg resulted in normalization of fasting plasma glucose concentrations (8.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.4 +/- 0.3 mmol/l; P < 0.0005), rates of basal glucose production (193 +/- 7 vs. 153 +/- 10 mg/min; P < 0.0005), and the percentage suppression of hepatic glucose production during the clamp (29 +/- 22 vs. 99 +/- 3%; P = 0.003). These improvements in basal and insulin-stimulated hepatic glucose metabolism were associated with an 81 +/- 4% reduction in IHL (P = 0.0009) but no significant change in insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose uptake or IMCL (2.0 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.3%; P = 0.21). In conclusion, these data support the hypothesis that moderate weight loss normalizes fasting hyperglycemia in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes by mobilizing a relatively small pool of IHL, which reverses hepatic insulin resistance and normalizes rates of basal glucose production, independent of any changes in insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 300 Cedar St., S263 TAC, P.O. Box 9812, New Haven, CT 06520-8020, USA. kitt.petersen@yale.edu
authors.forename: Kitt Falk
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dufour
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Befroy
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehrke
authors.forename: Rosa E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hendler
authors.forename: Gerald I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Shulman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000178:diet therapy*; D005260:Female; D005943:Gluconeogenesis; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000178:diet therapy*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D008112:Liver Glycogen
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