title: Evaluation of a sunscreen photoprotective effect by ascorbic acid assessment in human dermis using microdialysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
abstract: Ultraviolet irradiation causes adverse effects like sunburn, photosensitivity reactions or immunologic suppression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the photo-protective outcome of a sunscreen cream (SPF8) by the determination of erythema indexes and the assessment of ascorbic acid and its metabolites in human dermis. These substances were used as markers of oxidative effect. Eight healthy female subjects were enrolled in this study. Two abdominal areas were exposed to solar simulated irradiation with three minimal erythema dose, one with SPF8 application and the other site without SPF8 application. Two other areas were used as control, one without SPF8 application and the other site after SPF8 application. Ascorbic acid and its metabolites (dehydroascorbic acid, threonic acid, oxalic acid and xylose) were collected from human dermis by microdialysis and assessed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Irradiated site without sunscreen application had significantly demonstrated lower dermis ascorbic acid concentrations and a higher erythema index than the three other sites (P < 0.05). Threonic acid, oxalic acid and xylose dermis concentrations were significantly higher in site III than in the control site I (P < 0.05). The protected-irradiated site did not show erythema formation and there was stability of ascorbic acid dermis concentrations with non-variation in its metabolites. The assessment of ascorbic acid and its metabolites in human dermis could be an efficient tool to demonstrate the oxidative process and consequently to control the efficiency of sunscreen creams against undesirable UV effects.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et de Biologie Cutanées, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 25030 Besançon cedex, France.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lévêque
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mac-Mary
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muret
authors.forename: Safwat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Makki
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aubin
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kantelip
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heusèle
authors.forename: Schnebert
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: S
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Humbert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D001577:Benzophenones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002087:Butyrates / Q000378:metabolism; D002164:Camphor / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D047188:Chalcones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D020405:Dermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004890:Erythema / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D017551:Microdialysis; D009824:Ointments / Q000494:pharmacology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014994:Xylose / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001577:Benzophenones; D002087:Butyrates; D047188:Chalcones; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009824:Ointments; C502621:SPF8 sunscreen; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; D002164:Camphor; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D014994:Xylose; C011369:threonic acid; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D003683:Dehydroascorbic Acid