title: Activation of p38 and N-acetylcysteine-sensitive c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling cascades is required for induction of apoptosis in Parkinson's disease cybrids.
abstract: Cytoplasmic hybrid cells (cybrids) are created by selective amplification of mitochondrial genes against constant nuclear genetic and environmental backgrounds. Cybrids from patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) recapitulate disease features such as decreased complex I activity, increased oxidative stress, elevated activation of NF-kappaB, and production of Lewy body inclusions. We examined the activation of signaling pathways and NF-kappaB in PD cybrids after exposure to MAPK inhibitors and/or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Under basal replicating conditions, PD cybrids have decreased viability that is associated with increased DNA condensation and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage as well as elevated p38 and JNK activity. Pharmacological inhibition of oxidative stress diminished the elevated p38, JNK activity and PARP cleavage, and enhanced PD cybrid viability. PD mitochondrial genes expressed in cybrids stimulate pro-apoptotic cell signaling and biochemistry through oxidative stress. These results support development of antioxidative therapeutics for PD.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA. Onyango@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Isaac G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Onyango
authors.forename: Jeremy B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Tuttle
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024161:Collagen Type XI / Q000378:metabolism; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006822:Hybrid Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C499319:COL11A2 protein, human; D024161:Collagen Type XI; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016328:NF-kappa B; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000111:Acetylcysteine