title: Periodontal disease as part of the insulin resistance syndrome in diabetic patients.
abstract: Periodontal disease has been considered as a complication of diabetes mellitus. A recent epidemiological study revealed that obesity is an independent risk factor for periodontal disease. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with many metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Chronic sub-clinical inflammation, although often for the most part in a healthy reference range, has recently been declared part of the insulin resistance syndrome, as such inflammatory responses appear to participate in the progression of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that periodontal disease is one such sub-clinical inflammation. Here, we summarize current knowledge supporting this concept primarily based on data obtained from our own studies and propose a new concept that periodontal disease should be considered as part of the insulin resistance syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathophysiology/Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan. fusanori@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Fusanori
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Soga
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Chieko
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murayama
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators