title: Low salivary IgA activity to cell-surface antigens of mutans streptococci related to HLA-DRB1*04.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mutans streptococci are found in almost all individuals, though there are large differences in colonization levels between individuals. These differences are not readily explained, though several factors are believed to influence the colonization. One factor is the immune response to mutans streptococci, mainly provided by salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA). In a previous study, differences in salivary IgA reactions to oral streptococci were observed between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4-positive and DR4-negative individuals. A lower salivary IgA activity to Streptococcus mutans in particular was most pronounced for two DR4 subgroups, DRB1*0401 and *0404. The main purpose of this study was to further investigate, in a larger study group, the salivary IgA activity to antigens of three oral streptococci in relation to different HLA-DRB1*04 alleles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stimulated saliva was collected from 58 HLA-DRB1*04-positive individuals. Whole cell antigen extracts from S. mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus parasanguis and the streptococcal antigen (SA) I/II were separated in SDS-PAGE, transblotted and detected with diluted saliva (Western blot), and analyzed in a computer program. All distinct immunoblot bands over 100 kDa were recorded and compared in relation to DRB1*04.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The immunoblots revealed lower salivary IgA reactions to S. mutans, S. sobrinus and SA I/II, but not to S. parasanguis, for the DRB1*0401- and *0404-positive individuals compared to other DRB1*04 types. For the *0401 subgroup there was a significant association with a lower IgA response to S. mutans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results confirm earlier observations and may also support previous demonstrated association between colonization by mutans streptococci and the serologically defined HLA-DR4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cariology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden. marie-louise.wallengren@od.mah.se
authors.forename: M L L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wallengren
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamberg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nordberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides / Q000276:immunology*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000276:immunology*; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; C488436:HLA DRB1*04:04 antigen; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; C553505:HLA-DRB1*04:01 antigen; D007071:Immunoglobulin A, Secretory; D012471:Salivary Proteins and Peptides; C081813:wapA protein, Bacillus subtilis