title: Comparison of two laparoscopic suture patterns for repair of experimentally ruptured urinary bladders in normal neonatal calves.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare 2 laparoscopic suture patterns for repair of experimentally ruptured urinary bladders in normal neonatal calves.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental surgical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male Holstein calves.
  
  
  METHODS
  A bladder defect was created in 24 anesthetized calves (day 0). They were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6/group). In groups 1 and 3, the defect was closed laparoscopically using a one layer full thickness simple continuous (FTSC) suture pattern (pattern A). In groups 2 and 4, the defect was closed laparoscopically in 2 layers using a FTSC suture pattern followed by Lembert continuous suture pattern (pattern B). Groups 1 and 2 calves were euthanatized at the end of the surgery and groups 3 and 4 at day 10. Six healthy calves were also euthanatized and used as a control group. The bladders were harvested and tested for bursting strength (BS). The surgical time (ST) data from the two groups for each pattern were pooled. A Student t-test was used to compare ST data. For the BS data, a 2-factor ANOVA test with post-hoc Student t-test was used to determine if treatment, time, or treatment-time interaction was significant. A Dunnett's test was used to compare BS of the 4 treatment groups to the control group. P<.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean ST was significantly shorter for pattern A than for pattern B. In all treatment groups, the mean bladder BS (MBBS) was significantly lower than the MBBS for the control group. The MBBS was significantly lower for group 1 than for group 2. There was no significant difference in the MBBS between groups 3 and 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, a 1-layer laparoscopic closure technique had advantages compared with 2-layer laparoscopic closure technique. Further work is required before a 1-layer laparoscopic closure technique can be recommended clinically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-layer bladder closure is fast and safe in clinically normal calves and permits additional research to evaluate its safety in foals and clinical ruptures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, the School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
authors.forename: Ludovic P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Bouré
authors.forename: Carolyn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Simon G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Pearce
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: John Runciman
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lansdowne
authors.forename: Jeff L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Caswell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002102:Cadaver; D002417:Cattle / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012421:Rupture / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery