title: Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the lifetime prevalence of trauma experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire-assessed PTSD, the type of traumatic event experienced, perceived trauma impact, and trauma frequency in 1824 randomly selected men and women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PTSD lifetime prevalence was estimated at 5.6% with a 1 : 2 male-to-female ratio, in spite of men reporting greater trauma exposure. The highest PTSD risk was associated with sexual and physical assault, robbery and multiple trauma experiences. Controlling for trauma type did not account for gender differences, while controlling for experienced distress did.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conditional probability for PTSD varied as a function of trauma type, frequency and impact of the event, with increased rates associated with prevalent trauma exposure and higher perceived distress. The latter accounted for the gender effect, suggesting that gender differences in PTSD in part represent a generally greater vulnerability to stress in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. orjan.frans@psyk.uu.se
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Frans
authors.forename: P-A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Rimmö
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fredrikson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003415:Crime / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012306:Risk; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012744:Sex Ratio; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data