title: Cognitive deficits 3 to 6 years before dementia onset in a population sample: the Honolulu-Asia aging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the type of cognitive deficits occurring 3 to 6 years before onset of dementia in a population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study in which cognitive deficits in participants who had incident dementia at the 6-year follow-up were examined at baseline and 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Honolulu, Hawaii.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three thousand seven hundred thirty-four Japanese-American men aged 71 to 93 at baseline. At the 6-year follow-up, there were 52 incident cases of dementia, and 1,559 controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and a questionnaire on subjective memory problems were administered at baseline. Dementia was assessed at baseline and at 3-year and 6-year follow-ups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects who had incident dementia at 6-year follow-up, had showed deficits 3 to 6 years earlier in the CASI domain of episodic memory and in the questionnaire covering subjective memory problems. Up to 3 years before onset, there was worsening of the episodic memory deficit from baseline and new deficits in language, verbal fluency, and orientation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cognitive deficits and awareness of memory problems are frequently present several years before dementia onset. The predictive value of these deficits is not large enough to allow earlier diagnosis of dementia, but information about such deficits may be useful as criteria for mild cognitive impairment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Anthony.Jorm@anu.edu.au
authors.forename: Anthony F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jorm
authors.forename: Kamal H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Petrovitch
authors.forename: G Webster
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Lon R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000145:classification*; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006254:Hawaii / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies