title: Audit of antipsychotic prescribing in a private psychiatric hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There exists a substantial and growing body of evidence suggesting that antipsychotic medications are efficacious in the treatment of many non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. Although indications for the use of antipsychotics (particularly the atypicals) remain relatively narrow in Australia, psychiatrists seem to be using them for an expanding range of disorders in a variety of clinical settings. This has raised issues of cost-effectiveness and methods of funding of these medications. The present study aimed to quantify and describe the patterns of prescribing of antipsychotic medications in a large private psychiatric hospital. Another aim was to compare the findings with other published evidence, and consider the implications of antipsychotic use for current clinical practice in Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the medical records of 100 consecutive patients admitted to a private psychiatric hospital was conducted. The data collected included demographic details, major psychiatric diagnoses, all medications prescribed during the admission and their doses and, in the case of antipsychotics, the target symptoms/conditions for which they were prescribed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine per cent of inpatients received at least one dose of an antipsychotic during their admission. While all patients with psychotic illnesses were treated with antipsychotics, 57% of patients with primary mood disorders and 40% of patients with a primary anxiety disorder also received an antipsychotic. The most common indications for use of antipsychotics included the treatment of psychotic symptoms, augmentation of antidepressants, relief of anxiety symptoms and lessening of agitation, and control of difficult behaviours (including self-harm and aggression) associated with personality disorders. The most frequently used antipsychotic was olanzapine (22%), followed by chlorpromazine (20%), and quetiapine (14%). Eleven per cent of patients received a combination of two antipsychotics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antipsychotic medications were widely used in a private psychiatric inpatient setting for the treatment of non-psychotic disorders. This finding parallels those from other Australian studies of psychotropic prescribing patterns. The issues of clinical utility, cost-effectiveness and benefits of funding of these medications for such wider indications require further study and evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Professorial Unit, Melbourne Clinic, Richmond, Vic., Australia. drlev@ozemail.com.au
authors.forename: Lev
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Botvinik
authors.forename: Chee
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D001315:Australia; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D005260:Female; D016304:Hospitals, Private / Q000592:standards*; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents