Differential time courses and specificity of amygdala activity in posttraumatic stress disorder subjects and normal control subjects.
BACKGROUND
Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated exaggerated amygdala responses to negative stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The time course of this amygdala response is largely unstudied and is relevant to questions of habituation and sensitization in PTSD exposure therapy.


METHODS
We applied blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging and statistical parametric mapping to study amygdala responses to trauma-related and nontrauma-related emotional words in sexual/physical abuse PTSD and normal control subjects. We examined the time course of this response by separate analysis of early and late epochs.


RESULTS
PTSD versus normal control subjects have a relatively increased initial amygdala response to trauma-related negative, but not nontrauma-related negative, versus neutral stimuli. Patients also fail to show the normal patterns of sensitization and habituation to different categories of negative stimuli. These findings correlate with measured PTSD symptom severity.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results demonstrate differential time courses and specificity of amygdala response to emotional and control stimuli in PTSD and normal control subjects. This has implications for pathophysiologic models of PTSD and treatment response. The results also extend previous neuroimaging studies demonstrating relatively increased amygdala response in PTSD and expand these results to a largely female patient population probed with emotionally valenced words.
Protopopescu
Xenia
X
Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Pan
Hong
H
Tuescher
Oliver
O
Cloitre
Marylene
M
Goldstein
Martin
M
Engelien
Wolfgang
W
Epstein
Jane
J
Yang
Yihong
Y
Gorman
Jack
J
LeDoux
Joseph
J
Silbersweig
David
D
Stern
Emily
E
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors
D010100:Oxygen