Fc receptors and their role in immune regulation and autoimmunity.
The activation threshold of cells in the immune system is often tuned by cell surface molecules. The Fc receptors expressed on various hematopoietic cells constitute critical elements for activating or downmodulating immune responses and combines humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Thus, Fc receptors are the intelligent sensors of the immune status in the individual. However, impaired regulation by Fc receptors will lead to unresponsiveness or hyperreactivity to foreign as well as self-antigens. Murine models for autoimmune disease indicate the indispensable roles of the inhibitory Fc receptor in the suppression of such disorders, whereas activating-type FcRs are crucial for the onset and exacerbation of the disease. The development of many autoimmune diseases in humans may be caused by impairment of the human Fc receptor regulatory system. This review is aimed at providing a current overview of the mechanism of Fc receptor-based immune regulation and the possible scenario of how autoimmune disease might result from their dysfunction.
Takai
Toshiyuki
T
Department of Experimental Immunology and CREST Program of Japan Science and Technology Agency, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. tostakai@idac.tohoku.ac.jp
D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System / Q000502:physiology*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011961:Receptors, Fc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology
D011961:Receptors, Fc
J Immunol. 2004 Jul 1;173(1):332-9
15210791
Transfusion. 2002 Nov;42(11):1396-7
12421211
Immunity. 1996 Aug;5(2):181-8
8769481
J Clin Invest. 1997 Mar 1;99(5):915-25
9062349
Nature. 1996 Jan 25;379(6563):346-9
8552190
Cell Immunol. 2003 Sep;225(1):21-32
14643301
J Immunol. 1993 Dec 1;151(11):6076-88
7504013
J Exp Med. 1998 Oct 5;188(7):1333-42
9763612
Nature. 1989 Jan 12;337(6203):184-7
2911353
J Immunol. 1998 Sep 15;161(6):3026-32
9743367
Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):484-6
11161202
Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):84-9
11021804
Immunology. 2002 Dec;107(4):387-93
12460182
Nature. 1994 Jun 30;369(6483):753-6
8008068
J Immunol. 2004 Jun 1;172(11):7192-9
15153544
J Immunol. 2003 Apr 1;170(7):3528-33
12646614
Int Immunol. 2004 Sep;16(9):1343-53
15302849
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Oct;108(4 Suppl):S126-32
11586280
J Clin Invest. 2004 Aug;114(4):471-4
15314683
J Exp Med. 1997 Aug 4;186(3):473-8
9236201
Eur J Immunol. 1997 Aug;27(8):1994-2000
9295037
J Immunol. 1997 Feb 1;158(3):1125-32
9013951
J Immunol. 2002 Dec 1;169(11):6604-9
12444173
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2003 Aug;4(4):239-47
14529426
Immunol Lett. 2003 Dec 15;90(2-3):173-6
14687721
J Exp Med. 1999 Jan 4;189(1):187-94
9874575
Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:275-90
11244038
Science. 2001 Jan 19;291(5503):445-6
11228143
J Immunol. 2002 Aug 15;169(4):1859-68
12165510
Blood. 1995 Sep 15;86(6):2403-13
7662988
EMBO J. 1998 Apr 1;17 (7):1973-85
9524120
Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:421-32
9597136
J Immunol. 2001 Jan 1;166(1):531-7
11123333
Immunity. 1999 Jun;10 (6):753-60
10403650
J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 31;275(13):9664-72
10734118
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 14;98(17):9772-7
11493702
J Exp Med. 2002 May 6;195(9):1167-74
11994421
Immunity. 2000 Aug;13(2):277-85
10981970
Immunol Cell Biol. 2003 Oct;81(5):382-9
12969326
J Neurosci Res. 2004 Mar 1;75(5):597-602
14991835
J Clin Invest. 2002 Dec;110(12):1823-30
12488432
J Exp Med. 1999 Jan 18;189(2):371-80
9892619
J Immunol. 2004 Feb 15;172(4):2021-9
14764666
Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Feb;50(2):671-3
14872513
Nature. 1994 Mar 3;368(6466):70-3
8107887
N Engl J Med. 2002 Mar 28;346(13):995-1008
11919310
Genes Cells. 2003 Oct;8(10):825-36
14531861
Curr Opin Immunol. 2003 Dec;15(6):639-46
14630197
J Biol Chem. 1994 Mar 25;269(12):8878-84
8132624
Neurology. 1999 Jun 10;52(9):1771-6
10371522
Nature. 1996 Sep 19;383(6597):263-6
8805703
J Clin Invest. 1997 Sep 1;100(5):1059-70
9276722
Nature. 1983 Aug 4-10;304(5925):445-7
6224091
Arthritis Rheum. 2002 May;46(5):1242-54
12115230
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;72(4):440-8
11909900
J Exp Med. 1998 Oct 5;188(7):1287-95
9763608
Immunity. 1998 Apr;8(4):509-16
9586640
Traffic. 2004 Aug;5(8):577-94
15260828
Lancet Infect Dis. 2001 Aug;1(1):29-37
11871407
Genes Immun. 1999 Sep;1(1):53-60
11197306
J Immunol. 2000 Jun 15;164(12):6113-9
10843660
J Cell Mol Med. 2003 Oct-Dec;7(4):376-87
14754506
Neurol Sci. 2002 Apr;23 Suppl 1:S39-48
12032586
J Immunol. 2001 May 1;166(9):5585-93
11313398
Immunity. 2002 Jun;16(6):861-8
12121667
J Immunol. 2000 May 15;164(10):5029-34
10799857
J Clin Invest. 2004 Jan;113(2):200-8
14722612
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986 Feb 1;292(6516):301-4
3080145
Eur J Immunol. 2003 Apr;33(4):1020-9
12672068
Annu Rev Immunol. 2003;21:177-204
12524384
Immunity. 2004 Jun;20(6):769-83
15189741
FEBS Lett. 2003 Aug 28;550(1-3):101-6
12935894
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Feb 20;93(4):1689-93
8643691
Immunology. 1999 Jun;97(2):333-40
10447750
Immunity. 2002 Mar;16(3):391-402
11911824
Blood. 2001 Aug 15;98(4):1095-9
11493456
Science. 2001 Jan 12;291(5502):319-22
11209085
J Immunol. 1999 Nov 15;163(10):5367-73
10553061
J Exp Med. 1994 Sep 1;180(3):1165-70
8064233
J Biol Chem. 2004 Aug 20;279(34):35139-49
15151996
Cell. 1996 Nov 29;87(5):811-22
8945509
Immunology. 1996 Dec;89(4):573-8
9014824
Immunity. 2002 Feb;16(2):157-68
11869678
Kidney Int. 2000 May;57(5):1936-48
10792612
EMBO J. 2004 Jan 28;23(2):255-9
14685277
J Exp Med. 2000 May 1;191(9):1611-6
10790435
Nature. 2000 Jul 20;406(6793):267-73
10917521
Annu Rev Immunol. 2000;18:709-37
10837073
Eur J Immunol. 2001 May;31(5):1310-6
11465087
Br J Haematol. 2004 Jan;124(1):55-62
14675408
J Immunol. 2004 Jun 1;172(11):7186-91
15153543
Immunity. 2000 Mar;12 (3):347-58
10755621
Nat Rev Immunol. 2004 Feb;4(2):89-99
15040582
J Immunol. 2004 Sep 1;173(5):3437-45
15322209
Scand J Immunol. 2001 Apr;53(4):322-30
11285110
J Biol Chem. 1997 May 16;272(20):13066-72
9148918
Lancet. 2004 Aug 7-13;364(9433):533-44
15302199
Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004 May;43(5):547-54
14747618
Immunity. 1997 Jul;7(1):49-58
9252119
Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Aug;17 (8):4305-11
9234687
J Exp Med. 2000 Mar 6;191(5):899-906
10704470
Science. 2004 May 21;304(5674):1147-50
15155946
Immunol Lett. 1996 Dec;54(2-3):83-91
9052859
J Clin Invest. 1996 Mar 1;97(5):1348-54
8636449
Atherosclerosis. 2004 Feb;172(2):219-28
15019531
J Immunol. 2001 Dec 1;167(11):6321-9
11714796
Biochem J. 2002 Jun 1;364(Pt 2):517-25
12023895
Nature. 2003 Nov 27;426(6965):454-60
14647385
Blood. 2004 Sep 1;104(5):1350-5
15150079
Immunity. 1995 Nov;3(5):541-7
7584144
Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2003;95(1):e7-12
14520009
Nat Rev Immunol. 2002 Aug;2(8):580-92
12154377
Eur J Immunol. 2000 Mar;30(3):848-57
10741401
Kidney Int. 1998 Oct;54(4):1166-74
9767532
J Clin Invest. 2004 May;113(9):1328-33
15124024
Genes Dev. 2000 Jan 1;14(1):11-6
10640270
Cell. 1993 Dec 3;75(5):969-76
8252632
Immunity. 2003 Apr;18(4):573-81
12705859
Blood. 2003 Jul 15;102(2):558-60
12649142
Immunol Lett. 2004 Mar 29;92 (1-2):75-81
15081530
Blood. 2001 Jan 1;97(1):205-13
11133762
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2004 Sep;16(5):505-12
15314486
Transfusion. 1999 Jun;39(6):593-8
10378839
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jul 27;101(30):11076-81
15258288
J Biol Chem. 1998 Dec 18;273(51):33922-8
9852043
Nat Immunol. 2000 Nov;1(5):441-6
11062505
J Immunol. 2002 Jan 15;168(2):629-34
11777955
Immunogenetics. 2001 Oct;53(8):709-11
11797105
Immunity. 2002 Mar;16(3):379-89
11911823
Neurology. 2000 Sep 12;55(5):705-7
10980740
Eur J Immunol. 2001 Apr;31(4):989-98
11298323
Exp Clin Immunogenet. 1997;14(3):183-95
9493787
Cell. 1994 Feb 11;76(3):519-29
8313472
Kidney Int. 1999 Mar;55(3):1120-2
10027952
Scand J Immunol. 2002 Jan;55(1):70-81
11841694
J Biol Chem. 1996 Nov 1;271(44):27962-8
8910399
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004 May;113(5):949-57
15131579
J Clin Invest. 1998 Sep 15;102(6):1229-38
9739057
Blood. 2003 Oct 1;102(7):2698-9
14504071
Annu Rev Immunol. 1991;9:457-92
1910686
J Exp Med. 1999 Jan 4;189(1):179-85
9874574
J Immunol. 1998 Oct 1;161(7):3325-9
9759848
J Immunol. 2000 Jan 15;164(2):631-8
10623804
EMBO J. 1998 Apr 1;17 (7):1961-72
9524119
Blood. 2002 Jun 1;99(11):4087-93
12010811
J Immunol. 1997 Nov 15;159(10 ):4781-92
9366402
J Clin Invest. 2002 Dec;110(12):1759-61
12488423
Immunol Rev. 2002 Dec;190:123-36
12493010
Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Oct;41(10):1813-8
9778222
J Immunol. 1999 Jan 1;162(1):5-8
9886363
Immunol Rev. 1999 Dec;172:279-84
10631953
Immunity. 2001 Mar;14(3):277-89
11290337
J Clin Immunol. 2004 Jul;24(4):315-26
15163888
Immunol Rev. 2001 Jun;181:215-22
11513143
J Immunol. 1996 Jul 1;157(1):5-11
8683155
Immunogenetics. 2000 May;51(6):429-35
10866109
J Exp Med. 2000 Mar 6;191(5):781-94
10704460
Immunology. 2003 Jun;109(2):246-54
12757620
Arthritis Rheum. 2000 Apr;43(4):735-9
10765917
Blood. 2002 Dec 15;100(13):4581-9
12393695
Eur J Immunol. 2004 Jan;34(1):98-107
14971035
J Exp Med. 2004 Mar 1;199(5):717-23
14981111
J Exp Med. 1999 May 17;189(10):1573-9
10330436
Cell. 1997 Jul 25;90(2):293-301
9244303
Blood. 1999 Dec 1;94(11):3855-63
10572101
Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Nov;48(11):3242-52
14613290
Immunity. 1995 Jul;3(1):21-6
7621075
Tissue Antigens. 2001 Nov;58(5):339-42
11844146
Tissue Antigens. 2004 Jan;63(1):21-7
14651519
Immunity. 1998 Apr;8(4):517-29
9586641
Immunol Rev. 1992 Feb;125:49-76
1532374
Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Mar;41(3):421-6
9506569
Tissue Antigens. 2003 May;61(5):374-83
12753656
Allergy. 2000 Jul;55(7):609-19
10921459
Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Dec;38(12):1832-6
8849356
J Immunol. 1984 Nov;133(5):2525-31
6481162
J Immunol. 2004 Sep 15;173(6):4058-65
15356155
J Autoimmun. 2003 May;20(3):227-36
12753808
Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Apr;48(4):1002-14
12687542
Eur J Immunol. 2000 Feb;30(2):481-90
10671203
Blood. 1998 Oct 15;92(8):2823-9
9763567
Science. 1994 Aug 19;265(5175):1095-8
8066448
Eur J Immunol. 2003 Aug;33(8):2197-205
12884294
J Immunol. 1995 Mar 15;154(6):2896-903
7533186
Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):1052-4
9461440
Eur J Immunol. 2004 Feb;34(2):398-407
14768044
J Immunol. 2003 Feb 15;170(4):1641-8
12574326