title: Novel mutations in the MEN1 gene in subjects with multiple endocrine neoplasia-1.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify MEN1 gene mutations and characterize clinical manifestations in Chinese kindred with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight unrelated subjects (one male and seven females, age range 26-70 years) with clinical manifestations of MEN1 were analysed. In addition, 45 relatives that included 10 affected (three males and seven females, age range 32-53 years) and 35 unaffected (17 males and 18 females, age range 15-80 years) subjects were evaluated. Genomic DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis were performed according to standard procedures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified heterozygous MEN1 gene mutations in all eight probands and 10 affected subjects as well as in 13 clinically asymptomatic relatives. Novel mutations included a missense mutation in a heterozygous mutation in exon 9 (GAC --> CAC) resulting in a substitution of aspartic acid by histidine at codon 418 (family 1); a nonsense mutation at codon 556 of exon 10 (GAG --> TAG) resulting in a stop codon and termination (family 2); a missense mutation in exon 2 (GGG --> GAG) causing the substitution of glycine by glutamic acid at codon 110 (family 3); and a deletion/insertion mutation in nucleotide 1200 of exon 8 resulting in frameshift and early termination (family 4). Affected subjects in families 5-7 shared the same C insertion at nucleotide 1650 of exon 10, similar to that previously described as a hotspot for mutation, and proband 8 had a previously described mutation in intron 4 of the MEN1 gene (IVS4-9 G --> A). We also found that 18 (58%) of our 31 MEN1 mutant carriers had clinical symptoms, whereas four (13%) had biochemical abnormalities without clinical symptoms, and nine (29%) were unaffected both clinically and biochemically.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified four novel mutations in the MEN1 gene in patients with MEN1 in Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: Section of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Taipei Venterans General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. tsjap@vghtpe.gov.tw
authors.forename: Tjin-Shing
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Jap
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Justin Ging-Shing
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Yi-Chi
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Harn-Shen
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D005260:Female; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018761:Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: C105373:MEN1 protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins