title: Effects of drinking water treatment on susceptibility of laying hens to Salmonella enteritidis during forced molt.
abstract: Feed deprivation is used in the layer industry to induce molting and stimulate multiple egg-laying cycles in laying hens. Unfortunately, the stress involved increases susceptibility to Salmonella enteritidis (SE), the risk of SE-positive eggs, and incidence of SE in internal organs. Leghorn hens over 50 wk of age were divided into 4 treatment groups of 12 hens each in experiment 1 and 3 treatment groups of 12 hens in experiments 2 and 3; hens were placed in individual laying hen cages. Treatment groups were 1) nonmolted (NM) and received feed and distilled water for 9 d, 2) force molted by feed removal for 9 d and received distilled water, 3) force molted by feed removal for 9 d and received 0.5% lactic acid (LA) in distilled water. An additional group (4) in experiment 1 only was force molted by feed removal for 9 d and received 0.5% acetic acid in distilled water. Seven days before feed removal hens were exposed to an 8L:16D photoperiod, which was continued throughout the experiment. Individual hens among all treatments were challenged orally with 10(4) SE on d 4 of feed removal. When compared with the NM treatments, weight losses were significantly higher in the M treatments, regardless of water treatments. When compared with NM treatments, crop pH was significantly higher in the M treatment receiving distilled water. Crop pH was reduced to that of the NM controls by 0.5% acetic acid in the drinking water. No consistent significant changes were observed for volatile fatty acids. The number of hens positive for SE in crop and ceca after culture and the number of SE per crop and per gram of cecal contents were higher in the M treatments, when compared with the NM treatments, but there was no effect of addition of either of the acids to the drinking water. Additional research using different acid treatment regimens may provide a tool for reducing the incidence of SE in eggs and internal organs during and following molting of laying hens.
authors.affiliation: USDA, ARS, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, Texas 77845, USA. kubena@ffsru.tamu.edu
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kubena
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Byrd
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ricke
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Nisbet
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002432:Cecum / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology*; D003426:Crop, Avian / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018978:Molting / Q000502:physiology; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D014867:Water; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019342:Acetic Acid