title: Renal damage in patients with Type 2 diabetes: a strong predictor of mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  (i) To compare mortality rates in a cohort of Type 2 diabetic patients with those of the general population; (ii) to assess the prognostic role of pre-existing chronic conditions; (iii) to evaluate the impact of different severity of renal damage on mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 3892 patients with Type 2 diabetes attending our Diabetic Clinic during 1995 and alive on 1 January 1996 were identified and followed for 4.5 years. Information on vital status (100% complete) and causes of death (98.5% complete) for 599 deceased subjects was derived from death certificates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with the general population, standardized mortality ratios (x 100) were: 125 (95% confidence interval 104-148) in patients aged < 75 and 85 (75-95) in patients > or = 75 years. Cardiovascular diseases and diabetes were responsible for most of the excess deaths. In a Cox-proportional hazard model, renal damage was a powerful predictor of death (hazard ratio = 2.39; 95% confidence intervals = 2.00-2.85). The severity of renal damage was associated with increasing hazard ratios for death from all-cause mortality and from specific causes (especially coronary artery disease, other cardiovascular causes and diabetes) after multiple adjustments. Other significant predictors of death were: greater age, glycated haemoglobin, smoking, lower body mass index, pre-existing coronary and peripheral artery disease and known co-morbidity (cirrhosis and cancer).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Renal damage of any severity is significantly associated with subsequent mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular diseases. These associations are not confounded by pre-existing co-morbidity or coronary diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Torino, Turin, Italy. sbi@molinette.piemonte.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciccone
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rosato
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gancia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Merletti
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin