title: In vitro canine distemper virus infection of canine lymphoid cells: a prelude to oncolytic therapy for lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Measles virus (MV) causes the regression of human lymphoma xenografts. The purpose of this study was to determine if canine lymphoid cells could be infected in vitro with MV or canine distemper virus (CDV, the canine Morbillivirus equivalent of MV) and determine if in vitro viral infection leads to apoptotic cell death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to examine the expression of both signal lymphocyte activation molecule (CD150) and membrane cofactor molecule (CD46) mRNA. An attenuated CDV expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein was used to infect canine cells in vitro. Both flow cytometry and reverse transcriptase-PCR was used to document CDV infection. Cell death was examined using a propidium iodide staining assay and Annexin V binding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Canine lymphoid cell lines and neoplastic B and T lymphocytes collected from dogs with spontaneous lymphoma expressed the Morbillivirus receptor CD150 mRNA. In contrast, only neoplastic lymphocytes expressed detectable levels of CD46 mRNA. Although MV did not infect canine cells, CDV efficiently infected between 40% and 70% of all three canine lymphoid lines tested. More importantly, CDV infected 50% to 90% of neoplastic lymphocytes isolated from dogs with both B and T cell lymphoma. Apoptosis of CDV-infected cell lines was documented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attenuated CDV may be a useful treatment for canine lymphoma. As such, dogs with lymphoma may represent a biologically relevant large animal model to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of Morbillivirus therapy in a clinical setting with findings that may have direct applicability in the treatment of human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical and Radiological Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 2112 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.forename: May B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chein
authors.forename: Veronika
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: von Messling
authors.forename: Becky
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vernau
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Madewell
authors.forename: Cheryl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: London
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004217:Distemper Virus, Canine / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D004285:Dogs; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000235:genetics; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology*; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000071177:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1; D014162:Transfection; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C497857:CD46 protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C000604059:SLAMF1 protein, human; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D000071177:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1