title: Social inequality and alcohol consumption-abuse in Bahia, Brazil-- interactions of gender, ethnicity and social class.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper reports findings on Alcohol Consumption-Abuse (ACAb) in Bahia, Brazil, a research setting characterized by racial/ethnic and socioeconomic diversity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A household survey was conducted with a sample of 2,302 adults. ACAb was defined as daily intake of more than two units of beverage, with drunkenness, or weekly binge drinking plus episodes of drunkenness, or any use of alcoholic beverages with frequent drunkenness, with failed attempts to stop drinking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of 12-month prevalence was 7%, with an overall male: female ratio of 6:1. A positive association of ACAb prevalence with education and social class was found. Male gender and higher socio-economic status were associated with increased odds of ACAb. No relationship was found between ethnicity and ACAb. Stratified analysis yielded consistent gender effects, throughout all strata of independent variables. A strong interaction of gender (male) and social class (upper class) was found for Mulattos and Morenos (maximum Prevalence rate=9.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interaction patterns found defy simple generalizations based on class, ethnicity, and gender considered alone.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Saúde, Coletiva at the Federal University of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil. naomar@ufba.br
authors.forename: Naomar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Almeida-Filho
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Lessa
authors.forename: Lucélia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Magalhães
authors.forename: Maria Jenny
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Estela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aquino
authors.forename: Sherman A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
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