title: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MATP gene are associated with normal human pigmentation variation.
abstract: Human physical pigmentation is determined by the type and amount of melanin and the process of pigmentation production probably involves more than 100 genes. A failure to synthesize melanin results in oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). A recently identified form of OCA results from mutations in the Membrane Associated Transporter Protein (MATP) gene. The role of MATP in human pigmentation is not clear. We investigated the role of two nonpathogenic nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MATP gene to determine if they are associated with normal human skin, hair, and eye color variation. A total of 608 individuals from four different population groups (456 Caucasians, 31 Asians, 70 African-Americans, and 51 Australian Aborigines) were genotyped for c.814G>A (p.Glu272Lys) and c.1122C>G (p.Phe374Leu). Results indicate that the allele frequencies of both polymorphisms are significantly different between population groups. The two alleles, 374Leu and 272Lys, are significantly associated with dark hair, skin, and eye color in Caucasians. The odds ratios (ORs) of the LeuLeu genotype for black hair and olive skin are 25.63 and 28.65, respectively, and for the LysLys genotype are 43.23 and 8.27, respectively. The OR for eye color is lower at 3.48 for the LeuLeu and 6.57 for LysLys genotypes. This is the first report of this highly significant association of MATP polymorphisms with normal human pigmentation variation.
authors.affiliation: Cooperative Research Centre for Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Graf
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hodgson
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Daal
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics; D000483:Alleles; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D044466:Asian People / Q000235:genetics; D001315:Australia; D005127:Eye Color / Q000235:genetics; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006200:Hair Color / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D044469:Racial Groups / Q000235:genetics*; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000235:genetics; D014768:Virginia; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; C510061:SLC45A2 protein, human