title: [One decade of functional imaging in schizophrenia research. From visualisation of basic information processing steps to molecular-genetic oriented imaging].
abstract: Modern neuroimaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have contributed tremendously to our current understanding of psychiatric disorders in the context of functional, biochemical and microstructural alterations of the brain. Since the mid-nineties, functional MRI has provided major insights into the neurobiological correlates of signs and symptoms in schizophrenia. The current paper reviews important fMRI studies of the past decade in the domains of motor, visual, auditory, attentional and working memory function. Special emphasis is given to new methodological approaches, such as the visualisation of medication effects and the functional characterisation of risk genes.
authors.affiliation: NMR-Forschung in der Psychiatrie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Mannheim. tost@zi-mannheim.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tost
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lindenberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruf
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Demirakça
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Henn
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ende
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 1997 Oct 31;75(3):145-57
references.pmid: 9437772
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 Feb 3;95(3):883-90
references.pmid: 9448255
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 1997 Oct 17;27(1):1-10
references.pmid: 9373889
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 2005 Jan;10(1):40-68; image 5
references.pmid: 15263907
references.citation: J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1994 Fall;6(4):348-57
references.pmid: 7841806
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 1984;18(1):57-72
references.pmid: 6371224
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 1997 Mar 14;74(1):13-23
references.pmid: 10710159
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2003 May 1;123(1):1-15
references.pmid: 12738340
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2002 Jun 15;51(12):1008-11
references.pmid: 12062886
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1990 Nov;147(11):1457-62
references.pmid: 2221156
references.citation: J Psychiatr Res. 1984;18(1):27-55
references.pmid: 6371223
references.citation: Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 1999 Jul;12(3):170-7
references.pmid: 10456801
references.citation: Neuroreport. 2003 Oct 6;14(14):1833-6
references.pmid: 14534430
references.citation: Mol Psychiatry. 1999 May;4(3):286-9
references.pmid: 10395222
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Jul 15;48(2):99-109
references.pmid: 10903406
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2000 May 15;98(3):145-54
references.pmid: 10821997
references.citation: J Abnorm Psychol. 2003 Nov;112(4):689-97
references.pmid: 14674880
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 24;101(34):12604-9
references.pmid: 15310849
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 2004 Nov;29(11):1943-61
references.pmid: 15305167
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jun 5;98(12):6917-22
references.pmid: 11381111
references.citation: Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2000 Mar;31(2-3):295-301
references.pmid: 10719156
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1990 Feb 15;27(4):377-99
references.pmid: 2106922
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Sep;158(9):1423-8
references.pmid: 11532726
references.citation: Lancet. 1995 Oct 14;346(8981):1035
references.pmid: 7475566
references.citation: Neurosci Lett. 2000 Oct 20;293(1):69-71
references.pmid: 11065140
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Apr;161(4):707-15
references.pmid: 15056518
references.citation: Neuron. 1999 Apr;22(4):751-61
references.pmid: 10230795
references.citation: Nature. 1995 Nov 9;378(6553):176-9
references.pmid: 7477318
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1996 Mar 22;7(4):932-6
references.pmid: 8724677
references.citation: Science. 2003 Feb 21;299(5610):1240-3
references.pmid: 12595695
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1996 May;153(5):687-92
references.pmid: 8615416
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 1999 Jan-Feb;9(1):20-6
references.pmid: 10022492
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1985 Feb;142(2):170-4
references.pmid: 3970241
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Dec 1;54(11):1171-80
references.pmid: 14643084
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Aug;160(8):1421-7
references.pmid: 12900303
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Dec;160(12):2209-15
references.pmid: 14638592
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2000 Jan 1;47(1):34-42
references.pmid: 10650447
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987 Jul;44(7):660-9
references.pmid: 3606332
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 1999 Aug 23;39(1):19-29
references.pmid: 10480664
references.citation: Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Nov;75(5):807-21
references.pmid: 15457404
references.citation: Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl. 1994;384:95-101
references.pmid: 7533472
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Aug 1;56(3):190-7
references.pmid: 15271588
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;59(8):696-701
references.pmid: 12150645
references.citation: Pharmacopsychiatry. 2001 Nov;34(6):251-3
references.pmid: 11778146
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 1995 Sep;17 (1):85-94
references.pmid: 8541254
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Oct;160(10):1809-16
references.pmid: 14514495
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1999 May 1;45(9):1128-37
references.pmid: 10331104
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 1986 Jul;18(3):275-84
references.pmid: 3749386
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2004 Feb 1;66(2-3):137-42
references.pmid: 15061245
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2000 Nov;10(11):1078-92
references.pmid: 11053229
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2004 Apr 30;130(3):245-57
references.pmid: 15135158
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Jul;61(7):658-68
references.pmid: 15237078
references.citation: Psychol Med. 1997 Jan;27(1):143-52
references.pmid: 9122294
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;56(2):155-61
references.pmid: 10025440
references.citation: Lancet. 1995 Sep 2;346(8975):596-600
references.pmid: 7651003
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Aug 1;46(3):312-28
references.pmid: 10435197
references.citation: Lancet. 1997 Jun 14;349(9067):1730-4
references.pmid: 9193383
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Jan 1;49(1):39-46
references.pmid: 11163778
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2003 Apr 1;60(2-3):285-98
references.pmid: 12591590
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;56(2):149-54
references.pmid: 10025439
references.citation: Am J Med Genet. 2001 Jan 8;105(1):11-5
references.pmid: 11424979
references.citation: Eur Psychiatry. 1999 Mar;14(1):17-24
references.pmid: 10572321
references.citation: Psychiatry Res. 2004 Apr 30;130(3):227-43
references.pmid: 15135157
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998 Dec;55(12):1097-103
references.pmid: 9862553
references.citation: Science. 1998 Oct 2;282(5386):108-11
references.pmid: 9756472
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Apr;160(4):709-19
references.pmid: 12668360
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 1991 Feb;4(2):145-9
references.pmid: 1673845
references.citation: Cereb Cortex. 2004 Jan;14(1):91-6
references.pmid: 14654460
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Nov 9;96(23):13432-7
references.pmid: 10557338
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2002 Mar;5(3):267-71
references.pmid: 11865311
references.citation: J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 May;65(5):598-604
references.pmid: 15163244
references.citation: Lancet. 1993 Sep 18;342(8873):703-6
references.pmid: 8103821
references.citation: J Nerv Ment Dis. 2002 Sep;190(9):638-9
references.pmid: 12357099
references.citation: Neuroreport. 1997 Sep 8;8(13):2977-84
references.pmid: 9376542
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2001 Mar 30;48(2-3):291-9
references.pmid: 11295381
references.citation: Br Med Bull. 2003;65:259-70
references.pmid: 12697630
references.citation: Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(2):233-55
references.pmid: 10416729
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Jan 15;43(2):132-8
references.pmid: 9474445
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2002 Jan 1;53(1-2):45-56
references.pmid: 11728837
references.citation: Neuroimage. 1999 Jan;9(1):81-7
references.pmid: 9918729
references.citation: Neuron. 1999 Mar;22(3):615-21
references.pmid: 10197540
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 1991 Dec;6(1):25-30
references.pmid: 1786233
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;154(12 ):1670-5
references.pmid: 9396944
references.citation: Rev Neurosci. 1999;10(1):49-57
references.pmid: 10356991
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;154(12):1676-82
references.pmid: 9396945
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;161(10 ):1798-805
references.pmid: 15465976
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;159(2):251-4
references.pmid: 11823267
references.citation: Psychol Med. 2001 Aug;31(6):1065-78
references.pmid: 11513374
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 Mar;58(3):280-8
references.pmid: 11231835
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004 Jan;61(1):34-41
references.pmid: 14706942
references.citation: Neuropsychopharmacology. 1998 Mar;18(3):186-96
references.pmid: 9471116
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 1994 Sep;13(2):133-44
references.pmid: 7986770
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988 Jul;45(7):616-22
references.pmid: 3382321
references.citation: Magn Reson Imaging. 1994;12(7):975-82
references.pmid: 7997102
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1981 Aug;138(8):1051-6
references.pmid: 7258380
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 May;54(5):465-72
references.pmid: 9152100
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 13;96(8):4724-9
references.pmid: 10200329
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Sep;60(9):889-96
references.pmid: 12963670
references.citation: Br J Psychiatry. 1995 Aug;167(2):197-201
references.pmid: 7582669
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2000 Feb 14;41(3):389-95
references.pmid: 10728716
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Apr;158(4):646-9
references.pmid: 11282705
references.citation: Neuroimage. 2003 Jul;19(3):751-63
references.pmid: 12880804
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2001 Jun;158(6):938-43
references.pmid: 11384903
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Aug;157(8):1309-16
references.pmid: 10910796
references.citation: Brain. 2002 Aug;125(Pt 8):1793-807
references.pmid: 12135970
references.citation: Schizophr Res. 2004 Jun 1;68(2-3):159-71
references.pmid: 15099600
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Feb;59(2):146-53
references.pmid: 11825136
references.citation: Nat Neurosci. 2000 May;3(5):421-3
references.pmid: 10769376
references.citation: Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997 Feb;54(2):159-65
references.pmid: 9040284
references.citation: Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Dec;151(12):1744-52
references.pmid: 7977880
references.citation: Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Mar 1;55(5):490-500
references.pmid: 15023577