title: Submandibular gland transfer for prevention of xerostomia after radiation therapy: swallowing outcomes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess swallowing outcomes in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma in relation to the Seikaly-Jha procedure for submandibular gland transfer (SJP). The SJP has recently been described as beneficial in the prevention of xerostomia induced by radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Inception cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-affiliated primary care center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A phase 2 clinical trial was conducted from February 1, 1999, through February 28, 2002, to evaluate SJP in patients with head and neck cancer. During that period, a consecutive sample of 51 patients who underwent surgical resection and reconstruction with a radial forearm free flap for oropharyngeal carcinoma were referred for functional assessment of swallowing after completion of adjuvant radiation therapy. At 6 months after surgery, swallowing assessments for 24 patients were available.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cohort of 24 patients included 13 who had preservation of 1 submandibular gland (SJP group) and 11 who did not (control group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Quantitative and qualitative aspects of swallowing were obtained to determine whether patients in the SJP group performed more optimally than those in the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline and stimulated salivary flow rates were significantly different between groups. Patients in the SJP group were able to move the bolus through the oral cavity and into the pharynx faster than those in the control group. In addition, patients in the SJP group swallowed less often per bolus than patients in the control group. The complete swallowing sequence was twice as long in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SJP for submandibular gland transfer appears to be beneficial in promoting more time-efficient swallowing behaviors. This efficiency has implications for the overall well-being and nutritional status of patients with head and neck cancer.
authors.affiliation: Craniofacial Osseointegration and Maxillofacial Prosthetic Rehabilitation Unit, Caritas Health Group, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T5R 4H5, Canada.
authors.forename: Jana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: Hadi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seikaly
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McGaw
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfaardt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000637:transplantation*; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*