title: The association between glucose abnormalities and heart failure in the population-based Reykjavik study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diabetes is an independent risk factor for heart failure, whereas the relation between heart failure and abnormal glucose regulation (AGR) needs further evaluation. We studied this combination in the Reykjavik Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Reykjavik Study, a population-based cohort study during 1967-1997, recruited 19,381 participants aged 33-84 years who were followed until 2002. Oral glucose tolerance tests and chest X-rays were obtained from all participants. Cases were defined in accordance with World Health Organization criteria for type 2 diabetes or AGR (impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) and European Society of Cardiology guidelines for heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of type 2 diabetes and heart failure was 0.5% in men and 0.4% in women, while AGR and heart failure were found in 0.7% of men and 0.6% of women. Among participants with normal glucose regulation, heart failure was diagnosed in 3.2% compared with 6.0 and 11.8% among those with AGR and type 2 diabetes, respectively. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the age-group 45-65 years increased in both sexes during the period (P for trend = 0.007). The odds ratio was 2.8 (95% CI 2.2-3.6) for the association between type 2 diabetes and heart failure and 1.7 (1.4-2.1) between AGR and heart failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong association between any form of glucometabolic perturbation and heart failure. Future studies in this field should focus on all types of glucose abnormalities rather than previously diagnosed diabetes only.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. inga.thrainsdottir@medks.ki.se
authors.forename: Inga S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Thrainsdottir
authors.forename: Thor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aspelund
authors.forename: Gudmundur
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thorgeirsson
authors.forename: Vilmundur
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gudnason
authors.forename: Thordur
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hardarson
authors.forename: Klas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malmberg
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rydén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose