title: [3D motion adapted gating: a new navigator technique to shorten the acquisition time for coronary MRA].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A major problem of free breathing coronary MR angiography (MRA) with respiratory navigator gating is low navigator efficiency and prolonged scan time due to irregular breathing patterns. 3D motion adapted gating (MAG) is a new adaptive navigator technique, which adapts in real time to changes of the end-expiratory position of diaphragm. This study evaluates the influence of 3D MAG on coronary MRA.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 3D MAG, two additional gating windows are grouped around the conventional window. Additionally, each gating window is divided into three bands assigned to different portions of the k-space. The scan is terminated when three consecutive bands are filled and one complete image data set is collected. Free breathing navigator-gated coronary MRA was performed on 48 patients with suspected coronary artery disease. In random order, each patient underwent an ECG-gated, a 3D segmented k-space gradient echo sequence using 3D MAG and a conventional navigator technique. The coronary MRA was evaluated and compared using the following parameters: 1. navigator efficiency and scan time; 2. visualized coronary artery length; 3. qualitative assessment of image quality; and 4. detection of stenoses > 50 % in comparison with catheter angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coronary MRA with 3D MAG had a significant increase in the average navigator efficiency (46 % +/- 12 % vs. 38 % +/- 12 %, p < 0.05), resulting in a significantly shorter scan time (mean: 18 % +/- 4 %, p < 0.05) for coronary MRA with 3D MAG compared to conventional navigator technique. Scans with and without 3D MAG had no significant differences in the continuously visualized vessel lengths, in the assessed image quality and in the sensitivity and specificity (83 % and 89 % vs. 83 % and 88 %, p > 0.05) of detecting coronary artery stenoses > 50 %.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D MAG technique improves the navigator efficiency and significantly (p < 0.05) shortens the scan time of navigator gated coronary MRA while maintaining image quality and diagnostic accuracy in the detection of coronary artery stenoses.
authors.affiliation: Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinik Bonn. matthias.hackenbroch@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hackenbroch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nehrke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gieseke
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tiemann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged