title: Involvement of beta-chemokines in the development of inflammatory demyelination.
abstract: The importance of beta-chemokines (or CC chemokine ligands - CCL) in the development of inflammatory lesions in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis and rodents with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis is strongly supported by descriptive studies and experimental models. Our recent genetic scans in families identified haplotypes in the genes of CCL2, CCL3 and CCL11-CCL8-CCL13 which showed association with multiple sclerosis. Complementing the genetic associations, we also detected a distinct regional expression regulation for CCL2, CCL7 and CCL8 in correlation with chronic inflammation in multiple sclerosis brains. These observations are in consensus with previous studies, and add new data to support the involvement of CCL2, CCL7, CCL8 and CCL3 in the development of inflammatory demyelination. Along with our own data, here we review the literature implicating CCLs and their receptors (CCRs) in multiple sclerosis and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. The survey reflects that the field is in a rapid expansion, and highlights some of the pathways which might be suitable to pharmaceutical interventions.
authors.affiliation: SLRHC, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. bkalman@chpnet.org.
authors.forename: Ileana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Banisor
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Leist
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kalman
references.citation: J Immunol. 1999 Aug 15;163(4):2262-6
references.pmid: 10438970
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 1998 Jun 19;273(25):15687-92
references.pmid: 9624164
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2000 Aug;30(8):2372-7
references.pmid: 10940928
references.citation: FASEB J. 1993 Apr 1;7(6):592-600
references.pmid: 8472896
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2003 Jan;162(1):139-50
references.pmid: 12507897
references.citation: Ann Neurol. 2000 Jun;47(6):707-17
references.pmid: 10852536
references.citation: Genet Med. 2004 May-Jun;6(3):126-31
references.pmid: 15354329
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2001 Mar 19;193(6):713-26
references.pmid: 11257138
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Apr 1;172(7):4018-25
references.pmid: 15034013
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2000 Oct 2;192(7):1075-80
references.pmid: 11015448
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 2001 Aug;108(4):557-65
references.pmid: 11518729
references.citation: Eur J Neurol. 2005 Jan;12(1):49-54
references.pmid: 15613147
references.citation: Mult Scler. 2002 Oct;8(5):390-5
references.pmid: 12356205
references.citation: Methods. 2003 Apr;29(4):362-8
references.pmid: 12725803
references.citation: J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;72(4):498-502
references.pmid: 11909910
references.citation: Arch Neurol. 2001 Dec;58(12):1975-80
references.pmid: 11735771
references.citation: J Neurol Sci. 1995 Apr;129(2):223-7
references.pmid: 7608739
references.citation: Nature. 2000 Mar 23;404(6776):407-11
references.pmid: 10746730
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2001 Mar 1;114(1-2):207-12
references.pmid: 11240033
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2003 Feb;135(1-2):154-60
references.pmid: 12576236
references.citation: Mult Scler. 2004 Apr;10 (2):176-81
references.pmid: 15124764
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 1995 May;58(2):167-76
references.pmid: 7539012
references.citation: J Neurol Sci. 2002 Mar 15;195(1):41-6
references.pmid: 11867072
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Feb;77(2):229-37
references.pmid: 15539456
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2000 Aug 1;108(1-2):192-200
references.pmid: 10900353
references.citation: J Exp Med. 2000 Sep 18;192(6):899-905
references.pmid: 10993920
references.citation: J Leukoc Biol. 2003 May;73(5):584-90
references.pmid: 12714572
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2001 Feb;2(2):102-7
references.pmid: 11175801
references.citation: Scand J Immunol. 1997 Aug;46(2):195-203
references.pmid: 9584001
references.citation: Clin Exp Immunol. 2000 Nov;122(2):257-63
references.pmid: 11091283
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2000 Oct 2;110(1-2):195-208
references.pmid: 11024550
references.citation: Eur J Hum Genet. 2005 Feb;13(2):240-7
references.pmid: 15494740
references.citation: Eur J Neurol. 2001 Nov;8(6):665-72
references.pmid: 11784351
references.citation: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2004 Mar;63(3):262-73
references.pmid: 15055450
references.citation: J Biol Chem. 2000 Jun 23;275(25):19000-8
references.pmid: 10748002
references.citation: J Neurol. 2002 May;249(5):576-83
references.pmid: 12021948
references.citation: Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2004 Oct;36(10):1882-6
references.pmid: 15203102
references.citation: J Immunol. 1998 Oct 15;161(8):3870-9
references.pmid: 9780152
references.citation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Jun 8;96(12):6873-8
references.pmid: 10359806
references.citation: Eur Neurol. 2004;52(3):162-8
references.pmid: 15528917
references.citation: Mult Scler. 2001 Feb;7(1):3-11
references.pmid: 11321191
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 1998 Dec 1;92(1-2):98-108
references.pmid: 9916884
references.citation: J Immunol. 1998 Sep 15;161(6):2667-71
references.pmid: 9743321
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2002 Aug;32(8):2133-44
references.pmid: 12209625
references.citation: J Neurosci Res. 2001 Nov 15;66(4):705-14
references.pmid: 11746391
references.citation: J Immunol. 2000 Jan 1;164(1):419-26
references.pmid: 10605038
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 1998 Jun 1;86(1):20-9
references.pmid: 9655469
references.citation: Eur J Immunol. 2000 May;30(5):1410-5
references.pmid: 10820388
references.citation: J Immunol. 2004 Jul 15;173(2):1366-73
references.pmid: 15240732
references.citation: J Clin Invest. 1999 Mar;103(6):807-15
references.pmid: 10079101
references.citation: Brain. 2000 Sep;123 ( Pt 9):1874-82
references.pmid: 10960051
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2001 Nov;159(5):1701-10
references.pmid: 11696431
references.citation: Nat Immunol. 2001 Feb;2(2):123-8
references.pmid: 11175804
references.citation: Neurology. 2001 Oct 23;57(8):1371-6
references.pmid: 11673573
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2002 Jul;128(1-2):49-57
references.pmid: 12098510
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2003 Sep;142(1-2):75-85
references.pmid: 14512166
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2004 Apr;149(1-2):182-6
references.pmid: 15020078
references.citation: Immunol Res. 2002;25(2):167-75
references.pmid: 11999170
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2003 Feb;162(2):427-38
references.pmid: 12547701
references.citation: J Immunol. 1995 Dec 15;155(12):5769-76
references.pmid: 7499865
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2000 Jan 3;102(1):98-106
references.pmid: 10626673
references.citation: Adv Exp Med Biol. 1999;468:135-50
references.pmid: 10635025
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 2002 Sep;130(1-2):10-21
references.pmid: 12225884
references.citation: Am J Pathol. 2000 Dec;157(6):1991-2002
references.pmid: 11106572
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 1998 Nov 2;91(1-2):108-12
references.pmid: 9846826
references.citation: Semin Immunol. 2003 Feb;15(1):23-32
references.pmid: 12495638
references.citation: Immunity. 2000 Feb;12(2):121-7
references.pmid: 10714678
references.citation: J Neuroimmunol. 1998 Apr 15;84(2):238-49
references.pmid: 9628469