title: Effects of coagulation factor deficiency on plasma coagulation kinetics determined via thrombelastography: critical roles of fibrinogen and factors II, VII, X and XII.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thrombelastography (TEG) is used to assess coagulopathy. However, a comprehensive characterization of the effects of specific coagulation factor deficiencies and mode of activation on TEG data does not exist.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thrombelastography was performed for 15 min with control plasma and plasmas deficient (<1% activity) in Factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, or XIII activated with celite (0.28 mg ml(-1)) or tissue factor (TF, 0.1%) (n = 6 per condition). Additional fibrinogen concentration activity (75-345 mg dl(-1)) and Factor II, VII, X and XII activity-response relationships (1%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100% activity) were obtained (n = 8 per condition). Thrombelastography parameters included reaction time (R), angle (alpha), and clot strength (A, amplitude; G, elastic modulus).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Celite activation of FXII-deficient plasma, TF activation of FVII-deficient and FX-deficient plasma, and celite or TF activation of FII-deficient plasma resulted in an almost undetectable clot. Compared to control values, celite activation of plasmas deficient in FXI, FIX and FVIII resulted in prolonged R and decreased alpha values, whereas TF activation resulted in decreased alpha values. Celite and TF activation of FV-deficient plasma resulted in prolonged R and decreased alpha values, whereas FXIII-deficient plasma had decreased alpha, A and G-values compared to control values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fundamental finding of this study is that coagulation factor deficiencies affect TEG parameters in both a factor-dependent and activation-dependent fashion. Utilizing both celite and TF activation improves the diagnostic power of TEG. Based on such TEG data, more targeted administration of blood products could potentially help improve perioperative hemostatic outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249-6810, USA. vnielson.uab.edu
authors.forename: V G
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D020147:Coagulation Protein Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005167:Factor VII / Q000378:metabolism; D005170:Factor X / Q000378:metabolism; D005174:Factor XII / Q000378:metabolism; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007700:Kinetics; D010949:Plasma / Q000502:physiology; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D013916:Thrombelastography / Q000379:methods*; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth; D005167:Factor VII; D011516:Prothrombin; D005170:Factor X; D005174:Factor XII; D005340:Fibrinogen; D013925:Thromboplastin