title: Loss of beta 1 integrin function results in upregulation of connexin expression in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.
abstract: We show that loss of beta1 integrin function affects connexin (Cx) expression in embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Both loss of beta1 integrin function and inhibition of integrin clustering by RGD peptides in wild type ES cells correlated with upregulated expression of gap junctional proteins in ES-derived cardiomyocytes. The upregulation of connexin transcript levels in beta1 integrin-deficient cells is paralleled by a higher fraction of cells co-expressing Cx40 and Cx43. These observations demonstrate that the expression of connexins in developing cardiomyocytes is correlated to integrin-dependent mechanisms. Further, we found that upregulated cardiac connexin expression in beta1 integrin-deficient cells is related to Rho- and Wnt-dependent pathways. beta1 integrin-deficient cardiac cells displayed high levels of cytoplasmic gamma- and beta-catenins throughout the differentiation period. The administration of lithium, an activator of beta-catenin-dependent pathways, resulted in up-regulated connexin mRNA levels in wild type cardiomyocytes at intermediate, but not at early stages, indicating that the effects are restricted to advanced stages of cardiac differentiation. On the other hand, inhibition of Rho-dependent integrin signaling by treatment of cardiac cells with exoenzyme C3 resulted in immediate up-regulation of cardiac connexin transcript levels at early differentiation stages. Our data indicate that integrin function affects connexin expression in cardiomyocytes via direct effects on RhoA-dependent signaling mechanisms at early differentiation stages and of beta-catenin/Wnt-dependent pathways at advanced stages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.
authors.forename: Jaroslaw
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czyz
authors.forename: Kaomei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Qinghua
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Wobus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051180:Desmoplakins; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019012:Integrin beta1 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; C495267:CTNNB1 protein, mouse; D015820:Cadherins; D017630:Connexins; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D051180:Desmoplakins; D019012:Integrin beta1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; C544894:TCF7L2 protein, human; C544895:Tcf7l2 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051176:beta Catenin