title: Preventing complicated transseptal puncture with intracardiac echocardiography: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, intracardiac echocardiography emerged as a useful tool in the electrophysiology laboratories for guiding transseptal left heart catheterizations, for avoiding thromboembolic and mechanical complications and assessing the ablation lesions characteristics. Although the value of ICE is well known, it is not a universal tool for achieving uncomplicated access to the left atrium. We present a case in which ICE led to interruption of a transseptal procedure because several risk factors for mechanical complications were revealed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case of a patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, and distorted intracardiac anatomy is presented. Intracardiac echocardiography showed a small oval fossa abouting to an enlarged aorta anteriorly. A very small distance from the interatrial septum to the left atrial free wall was seen. The latter two conditions were predisposing to a complicated transseptal puncture. According to fluoroscopy the transseptal needle had a correct position, but the intracardiac echo image showed that it was actually pointing towards the aortic root and most importantly, that it was virtually impossible to stabilize it in the fossa itself. Based on intracardiac echo findings a decision was made to limit the procedure only to ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus and not to proceed further so as to avoid complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report illustrates the usefulness of the intracardiac echocardiography in preventing serious or even fatal complications in transseptal procedures when the cardiac anatomy is unusual or distorted. It also helps to understand the possible mechanisms of mechanical complications in cases where fluoroscopic images are apparently normal.
authors.affiliation: Gottsegen György Hungarian Institute of Cardiology Haller utca 29, H-1096, Budapest, Hungary. t_shalganov@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Tchavdar Nikolov
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Shalganov
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Paprika
authors.forename: Sarolta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Borbás
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Temesvári
authors.forename: Tamás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Szili-Török
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
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