title: Stable ciliary activity in human nasal epithelial cells grown in a perfusion system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Explore the usefulness of a perfusion system in order to establish human nasal epithelial cell cultures suitable for long-term in vitro ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and cilio-toxicity studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cells were obtained by protease digestion of nasal biopsy material. The cells were plated at a density of 0.8-1 x 10(6)/cm2 on Vitrogen-coated polyethylene terephthalate membranes, and cultured under submerged conditions in a CO2 incubator or in a perfusion system (initiated on days 8-9 after plating). The CBF was determined at 24.1 +/- 0.8 degrees C by a computerized microscope photometry system. The morphology of the cultured cells was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under CO2 incubator culture conditions, stable ciliary activity was expressed and maintained from day 2 to day 24. Under perfusion system culture conditions, the CBF (mean+/-S.D., n = 4) amounted to 8.4 +/- 0.9 and 8.8 +/- 0.4 Hz on days 7 and 14, respectively. These values were lower as compared to the corresponding CBF obtained in the CO2 incubator cultures (9.5 +/- 0.6 and 9.9 +/- 1.0 Hz, respectively). Reference cilio-stimulatory (glycocholate) and cilio-inhibitory (chlorocresol) compounds were used to assess CBF reactivity. In the CO2 incubator and 7- and 14-days perfusion system cultures, glycocholate (0.5%) showed a reversible cilio-stimulatory effect of 23, 26 and 21%, respectively, while chlorocresol (0.005%) exerted a reversible cilio-inhibitory effect of 36, 40 and 36%, respectively. TEM revealed polarized cuboidal to columnar epithelial morphology, with well-differentiated ciliated cells under CO2 and perfusion system conditions (up to day 23).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culturing human nasal epithelial cells on Vitrogen-coated polyethylene terephthalate membranes in submerged conditions in a CO2 incubator and in a perfusion system offers the possibility for long-term preservation (up to 22-24 days) of stable and reactive CBF in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., 1230 Beerse, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dimova
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vlaeminck
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Brewster
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noppe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jorissen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Augustijns
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003408:Cresols / Q000494:pharmacology; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture / Q000379:methods*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006000:Glycocholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D009079:Mucociliary Clearance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D003408:Cresols; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; C006984:chlorocresol; D006000:Glycocholic Acid