title: Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are linked to and associated with adult height.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene is important to human stature, as it mediates metabolic pathways, calcium homeostasis, and phosphate homeostasis, which influence growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the relationship between VDR and adult height in 1873 white subjects from 406 nuclear families. Four SNPs, namely -4817A/G at intron 1, FokI C/T at exon 2 start codon, BsmI A/G at intron 8, and TaqI T/C at exon 9 in VDR were tested for linkage and association with adult height variation by the program QTDT (quantitative transmission disequilibrium test). The bT haplotype of the BsmI and TaqI loci was further tested for its association with height in unrelated samples randomly chosen from the 406 nuclear families by traditional population association methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All four tested SNPs were linked to adult height. Within family associations with height were detected at BsmI and TaqI loci (p = 0.048 and 0.039, respectively). Analyses based on BsmI/TaqI haplotypes also revealed evidence for linkage (p = 0.05) and association (p = 0.001) with height. The bT haplotype was significantly associated with higher adult height (p = 0.033, within family association test). Such an association might be female specific and influenced by menstrual status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results strongly suggest that VDR may be linked to and associated with adult height variation in white populations.
authors.affiliation: Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
authors.forename: D-H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Xiong
authors.forename: F-H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: P-Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: J-R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elze
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Recker
authors.forename: H-W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Deng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001827:Body Height / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009679:Nuclear Family; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol
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