Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in neural development and regeneration.
Proteoglycans are of two main types, chondroitin sulfate (CSPGs) and heparin sulfate (HSPGs). The CSPGs act mainly as barrier-forming molecules, whereas the HSPGs stabilise the interactions of receptors and ligands. During development CSPGs pattern cell migration, axon growth pathways and axon terminations. Later in development and in adulthood CSPGs associate with some classes of neuron and control plasticity. After damage to the nervous system, CSPGs are the major axon growth inhibitory component of the glial scar tissue that blocks successful regeneration. CSPGs have a variety of roles in the nervous system, including binding to molecules and blocking their action, presenting molecules to cells and axons, localising active molecules to particular sites and presenting growth factors to their receptors.
Carulli
Daniela
D
Cambridge University Centre for Brain Repair, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 2PY, UK.
Laabs
Tracy
T
Geller
Herbert M
HM
Fawcett
James W
JW
D000818:Animals; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*
D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans