title: Modified extra rotator-cuff entry point in antegrade humeral nailing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe an extra-articular, extra-rotator cuff entry point for antegrade humeral nailing, which preserves the articular surface and rotator cuff integrity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with humeral shaft fractures underwent antegrade intramedullary nailing using a modified insertion point located 1 cm below the crest of the greater tuberosity, in a region outside the articular surface and rotator cuff area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, nailing was done successfully, without any perforation of the humeral inner cortex by the nail. Extension of the fracture line to the distal metaphysis happened intraoperatively in one case of a distal diaphysis fracture. In the remainder of the patients, postoperative reduction of the fracture was successful, with no sign of an iatrogenic incident of fracture comminution. Excellent active shoulder function and full early functional recovery of the shoulder joint (to 16th week postoperatively) were established in 98% of the patients. All fractures were united in a mean period of 14 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest an extra-articular, extra-rotator cuff entry point for antegrade humeral nailing as a possible and safe technique with beneficial results for the shoulder's postoperative function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Patras University School of Medicine, Rio Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Panayiotis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dimakopoulos
authors.forename: Andreas X
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Michalis
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papas
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panagopoulos
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lambiris
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome