title: Retroperitoneoscopic radical and partial nephrectomy in the patient with cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with cirrhosis and a renal mass options may be limited by medical disease and the surgical difficulties associated with portal hypertension. We describe a retrospective review of patients with cirrhosis with renal masses who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy through a retroperitoneoscopic approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten consecutive patients, including 4 men and 6 women, with cirrhosis, of whom 2 had undergone liver transplantation, underwent radical (7) or partial (3) nephrectomy for a total of 5 right and 5 left renal neoplasms via the retroperitoneoscopic approach at our institution from March 2002 to February 2004. Recovery data were prospectively obtained and other information was gathered retrospectively from the medical record.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average patient age was 58 years and average American Society of Anesthesiology score was 2.8. Average renal tumor size for radical and partial nephrectomy was 4.6 (range 2.9 to 7) and 1.8 cm (range 1.3 to 2.3), respectively. Operative time was 140 to 315 minutes (median 172) and estimated blood loss was 100 to 5,000 ml (median 225). One patient required open conversion due to hemorrhage from left portosystemic venous communications. Mean postoperative hospitalization was 1.5 days (range 1 to 6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although retroperitoneoscopic surgery avoids many surgical dangers associated with portal hypertension and it is our preferred approach to renal surgery in patients with cirrhosis, significant portosystemic venous communications exist in the retroperitoneum, especially on the left side, and they still lead to substantial blood loss in some patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0330, USA. WJohnston@ENH.org
authors.forename: William K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: J Stuart
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000150:complications; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011168:Portal System / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors