p97/p47-Mediated biogenesis of Golgi and ER.
In mammalian cells, the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum have typical structures during interphase: stacked cisternae located adjacent to the nucleus and a network of interconnected tubules throughout the cytoplasm, respectively. At mitosis their architectures disappear and are reassembled in daughter cells. p97, an AAA-ATPase, mediates membrane fusion and is required for reassembly of these organelles. In the p97-mediated membrane fusion, p47 was identified as an essential cofactor, through which p97 binds to a SNARE, syntaxin5. A second essential cofactor, VCIP135, was identified as a p97/p47/syntaxin5-interacting protein. Several lines of recent evidence suggest that ubiquitination may be implicated in the p97/p47 pathway; p47 binds to monoubiquitinated proteins and VCIP135 shows a deubiquitinating activity in vitro. For the cell-cycle regulation of the p97/p47 pathway, it has been reported that the localization and phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of p47 are crucial. In this review, we describe the components involved in the p97-mediated membrane fusion and discuss the regulation of the fusion pathway.
Uchiyama
Keiji
K
Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Minamiooya, Machida, Tokyo 194-8511.
Kondo
Hisao
H
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D052067:Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D050765:Qa-SNARE Proteins; D052067:Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins; D010450:Endopeptidases; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C404942:p97 ATPase