title: An update on the safety and efficacy of topical retinoids.
abstract: Adapalene, tazarotene, and tretinoin are topical retinoids that are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and have overall favorable safety profiles. These agents are effective in a variety of skin disorders. Local adverse events, seen especially during the early course of treatment, include peeling, erythema, dryness, burning, and itching. The degree of local skin intolerance varies among patients and may relate to the vehicle formulation used. These local effects can be minimized by decreasing exposure to sunlight, avoiding extreme temperatures, and using moisturizers. Use of these agents has been found to be advantageous over current systemic retinoids from a toxicologic perspective. This article reviews the safety, efficacy, and photostability of the available topical retinoids.
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Tania J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001682:Biological Availability; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D012176:Retinoids / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D012176:Retinoids