title: Relationship between symptoms and disordered continence mechanisms in women with idiopathic faecal incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anal sphincter weakness and rectal sensory disturbances contribute to faecal incontinence (FI). Our aims were to investigate the relationship between symptoms, risk factors, and disordered anorectal and pelvic floor functions in FI.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 52 women with "idiopathic" FI and 21 age matched asymptomatic women, we assessed symptoms by standardised questionnaire, anal pressures by manometry, anal sphincter appearance by endoanal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pelvic floor motion by dynamic MRI, and rectal compliance and sensation by a barostat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of anal sphincter injury (by imaging), reduced anal resting pressure (35% of FI), and reduced squeeze pressures (73% of FI) was higher in FI compared with controls. Puborectalis atrophy (by MRI) was associated (p<0.05) with FI and with impaired anorectal motion during pelvic floor contraction. Volume and pressure thresholds for the desire to defecate were lower, indicating rectal hypersensitivity, in FI. The rectal volume at maximum tolerated pressure (that is, rectal capacity) was reduced in 25% of FI; this volume was associated with the symptom of urge FI (p<0.01) and rectal hypersensitivity (p = 0.02). A combination of predictors (age, body mass index, symptoms, obstetric history, and anal sphincter appearance) explained a substantial proportion of the interindividual variation in anal squeeze pressure (45%) and rectal capacity (35%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Idiopathic FI in women is a multifactorial disorder resulting from one or more of the following: a disordered pelvic barrier (anal sphincters and puborectalis), or rectal capacity or sensation.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research Program (CENTER), Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. bharucha.adil@mayo.edu
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bharucha
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Harper
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hough
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Daube
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seide
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Riederer
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zinsmeister
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003187:Compliance; D003672:Defecation; D004576:Electromyography; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000503:physiopathology; D011312:Pressure; D012007:Rectum / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012677:Sensation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014463:Ultrasonography