title: Chromosomal mapping of a quantitative trait locus for the development of albuminuria in diabetic KK/Ta mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The KK/Ta mouse strain serves as a suitable polygenic model for human type 2 diabetes. We previously reported a genome-wide linkage analysis of KK/Ta alleles contributing to type 2 diabetes and related phenotypes such as fasting hyperglycaemia, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, obesity and dyslipidaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since KK/Ta mice spontaneously develop renal lesions closely resembling those in human diabetic nephropathy, we investigated the susceptibility loci using the KK/Ta x (BALB/c x KK/Ta) F1 backcross progeny in the present study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A genome-wide analysis of susceptibility loci for albuminuria with microsatellite-based chromosomal maps showed a contributing KK/Ta locus, provisionally designated UA-1, with a significant linkage with the interval on chromosome 2 at 83.0 cM close to the microsatellite marker D2Mit311 with a maximum LOD of 3.5 (chi(2) = 13.2, P = 0.0003). UA-1 was different from the susceptibility loci contributing to type 2 diabetes, which we earlier identified. The mode of inheritance differed from that of hypertension. The progeny homozygous for UA-1 showed significantly higher urinary albumin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there were no significant correlations between urinary albumin levels and other diabetic phenotypes, the group of progeny homozygous for both UA-1 and alleles for fasting hyperglycaemia showed the highest urinary albumin levels. Thus, UA-1 appears to increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy, particularly in individuals susceptible to fasting hyperglycaemia, in a gene dosage-dependent manner. There are potentially important candidate genes that may be relevant to diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshihide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shike
authors.forename: Tomohito
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gohda
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
authors.forename: Michimasa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Funabiki
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horikoshi
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomino
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000235:genetics; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci
chemical_list: D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone