title: DNA repair in the context of chromatin.
abstract: Modulation of chromatin is essential to nuclear processes that utilize DNA, such as transcription, replication, and repair. For example, transcription is assisted by histone post-translational modifications, as well as chromatin-remodeling complexes, which alter the structure of chromatin. Furthermore, recent advancements in the fields of DNA repair and chromatin reveal that both histone modifications and chromatin-remodeling complexes are essential for the repair of DNA lesions. In particular, chromatin-modifying complexes, such as the INO80 chromatin-remodeling complex and the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase complex, associate with the DNA damage-induced phosphorylated H2AX, which is often referred to as gamma-H2AX. In S. cerevisiae, the association of INO80 with gamma-H2AX is required for the recruitment of INO80 to sites of DNA double-strand breaks. Additionally, in Drosophila, Tip60 exchanges gamma-H2AX for unmodified H2A in regions of DNA damage. This report reviews recent studies that emphasize the intimate relationship between evolutionarily-conserved chromatin-modifying complexes and histone post-translational modifications in the repair of DNA damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Carcinogenesis, Science Park Research Division, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA.
authors.forename: Ashby J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Xuetong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry*; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000737:chemistry; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004330:Drosophila; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases / Q000737:chemistry; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D000074443:Lysine Acetyltransferase 5; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D006657:Histones; D009707:Nucleosomes; D004247:DNA; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C098489:KAT5 protein, human; D000074443:Lysine Acetyltransferase 5