title: Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) versus randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as new tools for inter- and intra-species differentiation within Bordetella.
abstract: Automated amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques with fluorescently labelled primers were used to track differences among isolates of the eight known species of the Bordetella genus. Eighty-one representative strains of these species from international and Polish bacterial collections were genotyped according to RAPD protocols using primer 1254 or 1247, and AFLP involving EcoRI/MseI or newly designed SpeI/ApaI restriction/ligation/amplification procedures. By comparing AFLP and RAPD data, it was concluded that the discriminatory power of AFLP is higher in comparison with RAPD for both intra- and inter-species differentiation of isolates of the Bordetella genus. The most precise level of inter-species discrimination and the highest level of intra-species discrimination of the Bordetella isolates of the eight species were observed in the AFLP EcoRI/MseI and SpeI/ApaI sets, respectively. Both techniques might provide alternative tools for the identification of Bordetella at the genomic species and strain levels, and thus may be valuable in human and veterinary diagnostics as well as in epidemiology. By applying the AFLP technique presented in this article, more precise data on the emergence of newly acquired and/or on expanded clones and transmission routes of isolates of the Bordetella genus in the human and animal environments might be obtained.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sera and Vaccine Evaluation, National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland 2Interfaculty Studies of Biotechnology, Warsaw Agricultural University, 159 Nowoursynowska Str., 00-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gzyl
authors.affiliation: Department of Sera and Vaccine Evaluation, National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland 2Interfaculty Studies of Biotechnology, Warsaw Agricultural University, 159 Nowoursynowska Str., 00-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Augustynowicz
authors.affiliation: Department of Sera and Vaccine Evaluation, National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland 2Interfaculty Studies of Biotechnology, Warsaw Agricultural University, 159 Nowoursynowska Str., 00-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mosiej
authors.affiliation: Department of Sera and Vaccine Evaluation, National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland 2Interfaculty Studies of Biotechnology, Warsaw Agricultural University, 159 Nowoursynowska Str., 00-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zawadka
authors.affiliation: Department of Sera and Vaccine Evaluation, National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland 2Interfaculty Studies of Biotechnology, Warsaw Agricultural University, 159 Nowoursynowska Str., 00-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gniadek
authors.affiliation: Department of Sera and Vaccine Evaluation, National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland 2Interfaculty Studies of Biotechnology, Warsaw Agricultural University, 159 Nowoursynowska Str., 00-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Aneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowaczek
authors.affiliation: Department of Sera and Vaccine Evaluation, National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland 2Interfaculty Studies of Biotechnology, Warsaw Agricultural University, 159 Nowoursynowska Str., 00-776 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Janusz
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Slusarczyk
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001884:Bordetella / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005060:Europe; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D011044:Poland; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique / Q000379:methods*; D015183:Restriction Mapping
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial