title: Improving universal prenatal screening for human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of implementation of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) educational intervention on universal screening for HIV in a prenatal clinic setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective cohort study, frequencies of offering and acceptance of HIV testing were compared before and after an educational intervention performed by an HIV-focused nurse. The records of 293 women seeking prenatal care before the intervention and 206 women seeking prenatal care after the intervention were reviewed for offering and acceptance of HIV testing. Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationship between the educational intervention and the offering and acceptance of HIV testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of HIV test offering at first visit and test acceptance before the educational intervention were 96.5% and 74.8%, respectively, and after the intervention were 99.5% and 84.3%, respectively. This improvement in offering (3% change) and acceptance (9.5% change) was statistically significant (offering at first visit: OR = 7.27, 95% CI = 1.02 to 316.9; test acceptance: OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.14 to 2.88). Test acceptance was statistically significantly improved in the post-intervention group after controlling for confounding variables (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.2 to 3.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of an HIV-focused nurse to a clinic setting improved the frequency of test offering at first visit and of acceptance of HIV testing by pregnant women.
authors.affiliation: Magee-Womens Hospital, Maternal Fetal Medicine and Reproductive Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA. banderson@mail.magee.edu
authors.forename: Brenna L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Hyagriv N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Simhan
authors.forename: Daniel V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Landers
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008427:Maternal Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D008499:Medical Records; D008910:Minnesota; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000592:standards; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies