title: Breast cancer in Egypt: a review of disease presentation and detection strategies.
abstract: Carcinoma of the breast is the most prevalent cancer among Egyptian women and constitutes 29% of National Cancer Institute cases. Median age at diagnosis is one decade younger than in countries of Europe and North America and most patients are premenopausal. Tumours are relatively advanced at presentation. The majority of tumours are invasive duct subtype and the profile of hormone receptors is positive for estrogen receptors and/or progesterone receptors in less than half of cases. This overview examines genetic changes, potential and established predictive and prognostic markers and end results of surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapy for early, locally advanced and metastatic disease stages. Disease presentations common to the region and early detection strategies are presented.
authors.affiliation: National Cancer Institute, University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Khaled
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gaafar
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zekry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eissa
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: el-Khatib
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004534:Egypt / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D018734:Genes, erbB-2 / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017697:Premenopause; D015995:Prevalence; D011322:Primary Prevention; D011379:Prognosis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; C497172:MSH2 protein, human; D051718:MutS Homolog 2 Protein