title: GRIM-19 interacts with nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 and serves as downstream effector of anti-bacterial function in intestinal epithelial cells.
abstract: Nucleotide oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) functions as a mammalian cytosolic pathogen recognition molecule, and variants have been associated with risk for Crohn disease. We recently demonstrated that NOD2 functions as an anti-bacterial factor limiting survival of intracellular invasive bacteria. To gain further insight into the mechanism of NOD2 activation and signal transduction, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening. We demonstrate that GRIM-19, a protein with homology to the NADPH dehydrogenase complex, interacts with endogenous NOD2 in HT29 cells. GRIM-19 is required for NF-kappaB activation following NOD2-mediated recognition of bacterial muramyl dipeptide. GRIM-19 also controls pathogen invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. GRIM-19 expression is decreased in inflamed mucosa of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. GRIM-19 may be a key component in NOD2-mediated innate mucosal responses and serve to regulate intestinal epithelial cell responses to microbes.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barnich
authors.forename: Tadakazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisamatsu
authors.forename: Jose E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.forename: Ramnik
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Xavier
authors.forename: Hans-Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Reinecker
authors.forename: Daniel K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Podolsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D019556:COS Cells; D018938:Caco-2 Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000378:metabolism; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012475:Salmonella / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C429018:NOD2 protein, human; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D008156:Luciferases; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; C439057:NDUFA13 protein, human