title: Prevalence and clinical significance of isotype specific antinuclear antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) giving a rim-like/membranous (RL/M) or a multiple nuclear dot (MND) pattern are highly specific for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Aim and
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the prevalence of PBC specific ANAs, their Ig isotype, and their clinical significance in 90 PBC patients from Greece and Spain. Twenty eight patients with chronic hepatitis C, 23 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 17 healthy subjects were studied as controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  PBC specific ANA reactivity was tested by indirect immunofluorescence using HEp2 cells as substrate and individual Ig class (IgG, IgA, IgM) and IgG subclass (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) specific antisera as revealing reagents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen of 90 (15.6%) PBC patients had PBC specific ANA reactivity when an anti-IgG (total) antiserum was used as the revealing reagent while 58 (64.4%) were positive when specific antisera to each of the four IgG isotypes were used. The prevailing isotype was IgG3 for MND and IgG1 for RL/M. PBC patients with specific ANA, in particular of the IgG3 isotype, had significantly more severe biochemical and histological disease compared with those who were seronegative. None of the controls was positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Disease specific ANA are present in the majority of patients with PBC when investigated at the level of immunoglobulin isotype. PBC specific ANA, in particular of the IgG3 isotype, are associated with a more severe disease course, possibly reflecting the peculiar ability of this isotype to engage mediators of damage.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS, UK.
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Rigopoulou
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pares
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zachou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liaskos
authors.forename: D-P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Bogdanos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodes
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Dalekos
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vergani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes / Q000097:blood*; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007132:Immunoglobulin Isotypes