Long-term prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis.
OBJECTIVE
To review the literature regarding long-term prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with cirrhosis.


METHODS
A MEDLINE (1967-September 2004) and bibliographic search of the English-language literature was conducted using the search terms spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, cirrhosis, antimicrobial, and prophylaxis.


RESULTS
Long-term antimicrobial prophylaxis has been shown to decrease recurrent SBP in cirrhotics with a prior episode. Prophylaxis in patients with low ascitic fluid protein has also been shown to reduce the incidence of SBP; however, studies are too in-homogeneous to identify subgroups that benefit the most.


CONCLUSIONS
Long-term antimicrobial therapy should be considered for secondary prophylaxis of SBP. Studies should be done to confirm this benefit and identify subsets of patients with low ascitic fluid protein who clearly benefit.
Frazee
Lawrence A
LA
Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH 44307-2463, USA. lfrazee@agmc.org
Marinos
Antonio E
AE
Rybarczyk
Amy M
AM
Fulton
Scott A
SA
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001201:Ascites / Q000150:complications*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011379:Prognosis
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents