title: Levels of soluble cytokine factors in temporomandibular joint effusions seen on magnetic resonance images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the correlations between joint effusion (JE) on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the levels of various cytokine receptors, cytokine antagonists, and protein in the synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-five TMJs of 55 patients with TMD were scanned by MRI, and synovial fluid samples were obtained on the same day. The grade of JE was evaluated on a scale of 0 to 3: Grades 0 and 1 indicated absence, and grades 2 and 3 indicated the presence of JE. Correlations were evaluated between JE and the concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I and II (sTNFR-I and sTNFR-II, respectively), IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6sR), IL-1 soluble receptor type II, and IL-1 receptor antagonist and protein in the synovial fluid of patients with TMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of sTNFR-I and protein in the group with JE (18 joints) were significantly higher than in the group without JE (37 joints). In addition, there were significant positive correlations between the grade of JE and the levels of sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II, and protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sTNFRs and protein may play important roles in the pathogenesis of TMD. These mediators seem to influence the expression of JE, which may reflect synovial inflammation of the TMJ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan. k-k@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Keiseki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneyama
authors.forename: Natsuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Segami
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kazuma
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018771:Arthralgia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000068800:Etanercept; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019152:Paracentesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C507763:IL1RN protein, human; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D011506:Proteins; D018123:Receptors, Interleukin; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D000068800:Etanercept