Toxic myopathies.
Muscle tissue is highly sensitive to drugs and toxins because ot its high metabolic activity and potential sites for disruption of energy-producing pathways. Early recognition of toxic myopathies is important, as they potentially are reversible on removal of the offending toxin, with greater likelihood of complete resolution the sooner this is achieved. Clinical features range from mild muscle pain and cramps to severe weakness with rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and even death. The pathogenic bases can be multifactorial. This article reviews drugs responsible for common types of toxic myopathy and their clinical and histopathologic features and illustrates possible underlying cellular mechanisms.
Walsh
Ronan J
RJ
Neuromuscular Division, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA. rjwalsh@partners.org
Amato
Anthony A
AA
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000009:adverse effects*
D014118:Toxins, Biological