title: Hypocapnia attenuates mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypocapnia, a recognized complication of high frequency oscillation ventilation, has multiple adverse effects on lung and brain physiology in vivo, including potentiation of free radical injury. We hypothesized that hypocapnia would potentiate the effects of mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion on bowel, liver and lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were ventilated with high frequency oscillation and were randomized to one of four groups, exposed to either mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion or sham surgery, and to either hypocapnia or normocapnia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All animals survived the protocol. Ischemia-reperfusion caused significant histologic bowel injury. Bowel 8-isoprostane generation was greater in ischemia-reperfusion vs sham, but was attenuated by hypocapnia. Laser-Doppler flow studies of bowel perfusion confirmed that hypocapnia attenuated reperfusion following ischemia. Plasma alanine transaminase, reflecting overall hepatocellular injury, was not increased by ischemia-reperfusion but was increased by hypocapnia; however, hepatic isoprostane generation was increased by ischemia-reperfusion, and not by hypocapnia. Oxygenation was comparable in all groups, and compliance was impaired by ischemia-reperfusion but not by hypocapnia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypocapnia, although directly injurious to the liver, attenuates ischemia-reperfusion induced lipid peroxidation in the bowel, possibly through attenuation of blood flow during reperfusion.
authors.affiliation: Lung Biology Program, The Research Institute and the Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duggan
authors.forename: Doreen
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Engelberts
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Jankov
authors.forename: Jordan M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Worrall
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Gregory M T
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.forename: A Keith
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tanswell
authors.forename: J Brendan
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mullen
authors.forename: Brian P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016857:Hypocapnia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control*