title: Consequences of inadequate postoperative pain relief and chronic persistent postoperative pain.
abstract: Inadequately controlled pain has undesirable physiologic and psychologic consequences such as increased postoperative morbidity, delayed recovery, a delayed return to normal daily living, and reduced patient satisfaction. Importantly, the lack of adequate postoperative pain treatment may lead to persistent pain after surgery, which is often overlooked. Overall, inadequate pain management increases the use of health care resources and health care costs. This article reviews the physiologic and psychologic consequences of inadequately treated pain, with an emphasis on chronic persistent postoperative pain.
authors.affiliation: Perioperative Medicine and Ambulatory Anesthesia, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9068, USA. girish.joshi@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Girish P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: Babatunde O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Ogunnaike
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*