title: NO/redox disequilibrium in the failing heart and cardiovascular system.
abstract: There is growing evidence that the altered production and/or spatiotemporal distribution of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species creates oxidative and/or nitrosative stresses in the failing heart and vascular tree, which contribute to the abnormal cardiac and vascular phenotypes that characterize the failing cardiovascular system. These derangements at the integrated system level can be interpreted at the cellular and molecular levels in terms of adverse effects on signaling elements in the heart, vasculature, and blood that subserve cardiac and vascular homeostasis.
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. jhare@mail.jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Joshua M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.forename: Jonathan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stamler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002319:Cardiovascular System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D009569:Nitric Oxide