title: Stereological study of the external urethral sphincter in the female urethra of the lamb: a new model for studies on urinary continence.
abstract: Some of the morphometrical features and functional properties of the lamb external urethral sphincter (EUS) were determined by means of ATPase histochemistry. In this study, eight female urethras of 2- to 3-month-old lambs were used. The samples were studied by using an unbiased stereological design and were statistically evaluated with a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Additionally, the mechanical activity of the different fibre types was analysed by measuring the isometric changes in tension induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) of intrinsic nerves. The lamb EUS has an average fibre density of 1142.37 fibres/mm(2) (SD = 279.33). Our data showed the predominance of fast-twitch fibres or type II fibres, with a proportion of 30% (type I) and 70% (type II) in all cases. These percentages remained the same along the length of the EUS. However, a clear tendency to increase the number of both fibre types in the mid-EUS was observed. Interestingly, type I and II fibres are intermingled throughout the whole lamb EUS. Dynamic parameters of the contraction induced in lamb EUS preparations by EFS of intramural nerves, were intermediate between fast- and slow-twitch muscles. Furthermore, contractile activity showed no decrease in amplitude upon repetitive stimulation, suggesting the presence of a mixture of fibre types, in which fast but fatigue-resistant fibres (probably type IIA) seem to predominate. Our results indicate that lambs could be suggested as a new biological model to study those pathological processes, which involve the sphincteric regulation of the EUS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain. elisiarv@vet.ucm.es
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Veiga
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mestre-Nieto
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez-Sainz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García-Pascual
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martín-Palacios
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marín-García
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González-Soriano
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D012756:Sheep; D014521:Urethra / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases