title: Role of analgesic adjuncts in postoperative pain management.
abstract: Postoperative pain remains a major problem. A multi-modal analgesic approach is recommended to optimize pain management and reduce opiate-related adverse effects. Several analgesic adjuncts have been investigated, and many have proved to have a useful analgesic effect. This article reviews the literature regarding use of analgesic adjuncts in the perioperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3094, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Ashraf S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: Tong J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Gan
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D058647:Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; D000700:Analgesics; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate