title: Propofol for deep procedural sedation in the ED.
abstract: We sought to evaluate the use of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) for ED procedural sedation, particularly when administered in a routine fashion for a variety of indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective observational study conducted in an urban teaching ED. Propofol was administered by handheld syringe and combined with fentanyl. Measurements included propofol and fentanyl dose, serial vital signs, pulse oximetry, adverse events, and patient and physician satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred thirty-six subjects (18 to 69 years) were enrolled. Procedures included 82 (60.3%) abscess incision and drainages and 47 (34.6%) orthopedic reductions. Adverse events occurred in 14 cases (10.3%; 95% confidence interval 5.2% to 15.4%), including hypotension in 5, hypoxemia in 7, and apnea in 5. One patient required intubation. Both patient and physician satisfaction were excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ED procedural sedation with propofol was effective and well accepted by patients and physicians. However, it produced a significant incidence of hypotension, hypoxemia, and apnea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Alameda County Medical Center-Highland Campus, Oakland, CA 94602, USA.
authors.forename: Bradley W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Frazee
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Derrick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lowery
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baire
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001049:Apnea / Q000139:chemically induced; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol