Nutritionally altering weight gain patterns of pregnant heifers and young cows changes the time that feed resources are offered without any differences in production.
We hypothesized that feed resources could be deferred to a later time in the production cycle without a decrease in fertility or weight of calf produced in heifers and young cows. One-hundred and thirty-one MARC III (four breed composite: (1/4) Hereford, (1/4) Angus, (1/4) Red Poll, and (1/4) Pinzgauer) heifers were divided into three treatments: M-M-M-M (n = 46), L-H-M-M (n = 41), and L-L-L-H (n = 44). The experiment consisted of four feeding periods. Period 1 was 94 to 186 d of gestation, and heifers were fed a moderate (M) or low (L) level of feed. Period 2 was 187 d of gestation to parturition, and heifers were fed moderate, high (H), or low levels of feed. Period 3 was from parturition through 27 d of lactation, and heifers were fed moderate or low levels of feed. Period 4 was from 28 d to approximately 63 d of lactation, and heifers were fed moderate or high levels of feed. Females remained within treatments through their first parity (heifers) and second parity (cows). Feed intake of L-H-M-M and M-M-M-M treatments did not differ from each other either as heifers (P = 0.23) or as second-parity cows (P > 0.59). The L-L-L-H heifers ate less feed than L-H-M-M and M-M-M-M heifers (P < 0.001), and second-parity L-L-L-H cows ate less feed than second-parity L-H-M-M and M-M-M-M cows (P < 0.002). In the first parity, treatments did not differ in the percentage of calves weaned (P = 0.11), weight of calf weaned (P = 0.50), or percentage of cows diagnosed pregnant (P = 0.29) with a second calf. In the second parity, treatments did not differ in the percentage of calves weaned (P = 0.77), weight of calf weaned (P = 0.63), or percentage of cows expressing a corpus luteum at the start of breeding for their third calf (P = 0.21). Our findings suggest that timing nutrient availability to heifers and primiparous cows can be used to change the time that feed resources are used.
Freetly
H C
HC
ARS, USDA, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA. freetly@email.marc.usda.gov <freetly@email.marc.usda.gov>
Ferrell
C L
CL
Jenkins
T G
TG
D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology*; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology