title: Non-invasive fetal RHD and RHCE genotyping using real-time PCR testing of maternal plasma in RhD-negative pregnancies.
abstract: We assessed the feasibility of fetal RHD and RHCE genotyping by analysis of DNA extracted from plasma samples of RhD-negative pregnant women using real-time PCR and primers and probes targeted toward RHD and RHCE genes. We analyzed 45 pregnant women in the 11th to 40th weeks of pregnancy and correlated the results with serological analysis of cord blood after delivery. Non-invasive prenatal fetal RHD exon 7, RHD exon 10, RHCE exon 2 (C allele), and RHCE exon 5 (E allele) genotyping analysis of maternal plasma samples was correctly performed in 45 out of 45 RhD-negative pregnant women delivering 24 RhD-, 17 RhC-, and 7 RhE-positive newborns. Detection of fetal RHD and the C and E alleles of RHCE gene from maternal plasma is highly accurate and enables implementation into clinical routine. We recommend performing fetal RHD and RHCE genotyping together with fetal sex determination in alloimmunized D-negative pregnancies at risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn. In case of D-negative fetus, amplification of another paternally inherited allele (SRY and/or RhC and/or RhE positivity) proves the presence of fetal DNA in maternal circulation.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 18 Prague 5, Czech Republic. ilona.hromadnikova@lfmotol.cuni.cz
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hromadnikova
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vechetova
authors.forename: Klara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vesela
authors.forename: Blanka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Benesova
authors.forename: Jindrich
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Doucha
authors.forename: Radovan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vlk
mesh_terms: D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C066468:RHCE protein, human; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; C026410:Rho(D) antigen