title: Bench-to-bedside review: Rhabdomyolysis -- an overview for clinicians.
abstract: Rhabdomyolysis ranges from an asymptomatic illness with elevation in the creatine kinase level to a life-threatening condition associated with extreme elevations in creatine kinase, electrolyte imbalances, acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Muscular trauma is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis. Less common causes include muscle enzyme deficiencies, electrolyte abnormalities, infectious causes, drugs, toxins and endocrinopathies. Weakness, myalgia and tea-colored urine are the main clinical manifestations. The most sensitive laboratory finding of muscle injury is an elevated plasma creatine kinase level. The management of patients with rhabdomyolysis includes early vigorous hydration.
authors.affiliation: Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas School of Medicine, Tampico, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ana L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Huerta-Alardín
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varon
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Marik
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003444:Crush Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D004211:Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / Q000209:etiology; D004231:Diuresis; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009212:Myoglobinuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012206:Rhabdomyolysis / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D003402:Creatine Kinase