title: The ecological study of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa rmigera Hubner 1808) in Hungary.
abstract: The cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera Hbn.) is a poliphagous pest. Caterpillars feed on flowers, crops and seeds. In 2001 the meaningful catching-period was in August (Szeoke, 2001). In 2003 we detected the swarming already in June. We observed many caterpillars on its nutritive crops. It caused significant economic damage in this year. 1ST EXAMINATION: We collected larvae and reared pupae out of it in a pot. We took it into the soil. The swarming of the moths from the pots was in June. The mortality was high, more than 90%. 2ND EXAMINATION: We made cold tests with pupae. We examined 5 x 10 pupae in three treatments. In the first treatment we reduced the temperature to -2 degrees C for 4 weeks. 92% of the pupae survived this cold. In the second treatment we reduced the temperature to -2 degrees C for 3 weeks and to -7 degrees C for 1 week. 86% of the pupae survived this procedure. In the third treatment we reduced the temperature to -2 degreesbC for 3 weeks and -15 degrees C for 1 week. 100% of the pupae were perished. 3RD EXAMINATION: In the first treatment we raised caterpillars on 13 hours lighting and 24 degrees C. The swarming was from 20th April to 4th May 2004. In the second treatment we reared the worms on 20 hours lighting and 18 degrees C. The main swarming was on 3rd January 2004. So we could say that the cotton bollworm has diapause. The more effective factor of the diapause is the length of the lighting.
authors.affiliation: University of Veszprém, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Keszthely, Hungary.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balogh
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takács
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nádasy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takács
authors.forename: Js
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuta
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D003368:Gossypium / Q000469:parasitology*; D006814:Hungary; D007814:Larva; D007915:Lepidoptera / Q000254:growth & development; D011156:Population Density; D011679:Pupa; D012621:Seasons