Sporadic cryptosporidiosis decline after membrane filtration of public water supplies, England, 1996-2002.
The incidence of sporadic cryptosporidiosis among 106,000 residents of 2 local government districts in northwest England before and after installation of membrane filtration of public water supplies was compared to that of 59,700 residents whose public water supplies remained unchanged. A national outbreak of foot and mouth disease in livestock during 2001 was associated with a decline in sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in all regions of the United Kingdom. In a Poisson regression model, membrane filtration was associated with an estimated 79% reduction (incidence ratio 0.207, 95% confidence intervals 0.099-0.431, p < 0.0001) after adjustment for the interval of the foot and mouth disease epidemic and the water source. Despite the confounding effect of that epidemic, membrane filtration of the public water supply was effective in reducing the risk for sporadic human Cryptosporidium infection in this population.
Goh
Stella
S
Carlisle and District Primary Care Trust, Carlisle, UK.
Reacher
Mark
M
Casemore
David P
DP
Verlander
Neville Q
NQ
Charlett
André
A
Chalmers
Rachel M
RM
Knowles
Margaret
M
Pennington
Anthony
A
Williams
Joy
J
Osborn
Keith
K
Richards
Sarah
S
D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum / Q000254:growth & development*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005536:Foot-and-Mouth Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000592:standards*
D014867:Water