title: Protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides differentially modulate type 1 and type 2 cytokines production from murine splenocytes.
abstract: Seven protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides and their aglycones including PPT, PT, -Re, -Rg (1), -F (1), -Rh (1), 20(R)-Rh (1) which are closely related in structure were studied for their effects on type 1 and type 2 cytokines production from murine splenocytes and their related mechanisms were examined. The results indicate that PPT, PT and ginsenoside-Re show hardly any or weak effects on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced production of IFN-gamma and IL-4. Ginsenoside-Rh (1) and 20(R)-Rh (1) induce a Con A-induced type 1 cytokine pattern by increasing the production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), the expression of IFN-gamma, T-bet and enhancing NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. In contrast ginsenosides-Rg (1) and -F (1) cause a Con A-induced type 2 cytokines response by increasing the expression of IL-4, GATA-3 and enhancing NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. Thus, these protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides have different immunomodulatory effects, which might explain the complex immunomodulatory effect of Panax ginseng.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Xuan Wu District, 100050 Beijing, P. R. China.
authors.forename: Jun-Li
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: De-Qiang
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Dou
authors.forename: Xiao-Hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-Zhen
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Na
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Gui-Fang
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005894:Panax; D008517:Phytotherapy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494748:Gata3 protein, mouse; D036145:Ginsenosides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012502:Sapogenins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014315:Triterpenes; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; C081552:protopanaxatriol; D007371:Interferon-gamma