title: Formoterol used as needed in patients with intermittent or mild persistent asthma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effectiveness and safety of as-needed treatment of formoterol compared with the short-acting alternative terbutaline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two double-blind, 12-month, parallel-group, non-inferiority trials comparing as-needed use of formoterol (Oxis) 4.5 microg and terbutaline (Bricanyl) 0.5 mg via dry-powder inhaler (Turbuhaler), one in 675 patients with intermittent and one in 455 patients with mild persistent asthma, overall 6-87 years of age. Peak expiratory flow (PEF), symptoms, rescue medication use, exacerbations, airway responsiveness (metacholine challenge; subgroup of 127 patients), systemic effects (high single-dose test; subgroup of 87 patients), and safety (adverse events) were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Formoterol 4.5 microg was as effective as terbutaline 0.5 mg with regard to morning PEF (non-inferiority; lower 95% confidence interval limit above -10 L/min). Metacholine sensitivity, exacerbation rates or use of rescue medication did not differ between treatments. Formoterol 54 microg was shown to give less systemic effects than terbutaline 6 mg. Both treatments were safe and well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Formoterol 4.5 microg used as needed was at least as effective and safe as terbutaline 0.5 mg used as needed in intermittent and mild persistent asthma, and was associated with less systemic effects when administered as high single doses.
authors.affiliation: Russian Research Pulmonology Institute, 11th Parkovaya Street, 105077 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Alexandr
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chuchalin
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kasl
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bengtsson
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nihlen
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenborg
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004983:Ethanolamines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D008875:Middle Aged; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D004983:Ethanolamines; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D013726:Terbutaline; D000068759:Formoterol Fumarate