title: Clinical significance of lymph node dissection in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the role of lymph node dissection in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 patients (66 males, 34 females) were enrolled in the study. The mean age and tumor size were 61.4 years and 5.8 cm, respectively. A total of 41 patients (41%) had tumors <4 cm in diameter. The pathological status was pT1, pT2 and pT3 in 60, 11 and 29 patients, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In total, lymph node metastases were found in seven cases (7%). Of 40 patients with pT1a tumors (tumor size <4 cm), one (2.5%) had lymph node metastasis. Patients with lymph node metastases had significantly larger tumors than those without (8.9 vs 5.5 cm; p<0.05). Regarding patient outcome, 33 (33%) had tumor progression (alive with disease, n=14; disease-specific death, n=19) after a median follow-up period of 54.0 months. In univariate analysis, 15/18 prognostic markers [tumor size, tumor grade, pT, pN and M categories, stage, microscopic venous invasion (V category), microscopic lymphatic invasion (Ly category), pathological tumor infiltration pattern (INF category), plasma fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, immunosuppressive acidic protein, alpha-2 globulin and erythrocyte sedimentation rates at 1 and 2 h] were common significant predictors of tumor progression. A Cox hazard model revealed tumor size, tumor grade and pathological stage to be independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor size is a crucial prognostic factor for tumor progression, and lymph node dissection may be omitted in T1a tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuyama
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirata
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Korenaga
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshihiro
authors.forename: Katsusuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naito
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D013997:Time Factors