title: Induction of compensatory lung growth in pulmonary emphysema improves surgical outcomes in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been widely used as a therapeutic strategy for pulmonary emphysema, the procedure carries significant disadvantages, including significant operative mortality and a limited duration of effective response. Pulmonary resection is known to elicit compensatory growth in remnant lung tissues; however, it remains unclear whether and how compensatory growth occurs and contributes to clinical outcomes after LVRS. The goal of the present study was to characterize the role of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in compensatory lung growth after LVRS in a rat model of elastase-induced emphysema, since HGF is a potent pulmotrophic factor responsible for the regeneration of lung parenchyma in damaged lungs, including after a pulmonary resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unexpectedly, LVRS did not cause apparent increases in the endogenous HGF profiles of emphysematous lungs. Further, the lowered HGF production reflected a histologically inferior regenerative capacity in remnant lungs and was linked with impaired pulmonary functional recoveries after LVRS. When HGF was exogenously supplemented by gene transfection into emphysematous lungs simultaneously with LVRS, compensatory lung growth (as evidenced by increased lobe weight and alveolar regeneration and angiogenesis) was significantly enhanced as compared with rats that underwent LVRS alone. Consequently, pulmonary function and gas exchange were also significantly improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that the induction of compensatory growth by growth factors after LVRS may be a new strategy to further improve clinical outcomes of LVRS in patients with pulmonary emphysema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, E1, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. n-shige@blue.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shigemura
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sawa
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Meinoshin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D009929:Organ Size; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D012038:Regeneration; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase