title: Longitudinally profiling neutralizing antibody response to SARS coronavirus with pseudotypes.
abstract: The severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein (S) is a major target for neutralizing antibodies. Retroviral SARS-CoV S pseudotypes have been constructed and used to develop an in vitro microneutralization assay that is both sensitive and specific for SARS-CoV neutralizing antibodies. Neutralization titers measured by this assay are highly correlated to those measured by an assay using replication-competent SARS-CoV. No cross-neutralization occurred with human sera known to contain antibodies to coronavirus strains OC43 and 229E. The pseudotype assay was used to profile neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV S in sequential serum samples taken from 41 confirmed SARS patients during the 2003 outbreak in Hong Kong and shows long-lasting immunity in most recovered patients. The pseudotype assay does not require handling live SARS virus; it is a useful tool to determine neutralizing titers during natural infection and the preclinical evaluation of candidate vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Wohl Virion Centre and Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, 46 Cleveland St, London W1T 4JF, London, UK. nigel.temperton@ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nigel J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Temperton
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Zambon
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tedder
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Robin A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weiss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D002460:Cell Line; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000235:genetics; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C578557:spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV