title: Evaluation of a 7-day continuous intravenous infusion of decitabine: inhibition of promoter-specific and global genomic DNA methylation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The nucleoside analog 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR, decitabine) is a potent inhibitor of DNA methylation in vitro. Cellular treatment with this agent induces the re-expression of methylation-silenced genes. It remains unclear to what extent this compound inhibits DNA methylation in vivo. A clinical study was designed to examine the molecular effects and toxicity of a continuous 1-week intravenous infusion of decitabine in solid tumor patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients with refractory solid tumors were included in this study. Decitabine was administered at 2 mg/m(2)/d [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED] via continuous infusion for 168 hours. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high performance liquid chromatography were utilized to measure promoter-specific and global DNA methylation in peripheral-blood cells before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transient grade III/IV neutropenia (two patients) and grade II thrombocytopenia (one patient) was observed at the lowest planned dose step (2 mg/m2/d for 7 days). Nonhematologic toxicities were not observed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated significant MAGE-1 promoter hypomethylation by 14 days after the start of treatment in all 13 treatment cycles examined. Significant genomic DNA hypomethylation was also seen by day 14 in 11 of 13 treatment cycles analyzed. Genomic DNA methylation reverted to baseline levels by 28 to 35 days after the start of treatment, demonstrating that inhibition of DNA methylation by decitabine is transient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A 168-hour continuous infusion of decitabine is well tolerated and results in the inhibition of promoter-specific and genomic DNA methylation in vivo. This treatment schedule is suitable for evaluation of decitabine in combination with agents whose activity may be enhanced by the reversal of DNA methylation-mediated gene silencing.
authors.affiliation: Huntsman Cancer Institute and the Department of Internal Medicine (Oncology), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5550, USA. wolfram.samlowski@hci.utah.edu
authors.forename: Wolfram E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Samlowski
authors.forename: Sancy A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Leachman
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Porter-Gill
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Busby
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fitzpatrick
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Adam R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Karpf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000077209:Decitabine; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000077209:Decitabine; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D001374:Azacitidine