title: Outcome of anterior sphincter repair for obstetric injury: comparison of early and late results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fecal incontinence is commonly caused by structural sphincter damage secondary to obstetric trauma. Anterior sphincter repair achieves reasonable early improvement rates of between 69 and 97 percent. Few series have reported long-term results. This study was designed to evaluate the long-term outcome and examine whether there are any predictive factors that could refine patient selection and predict long-term outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case records of all patients who underwent anterior sphincter repair between January 1991 and December 1999 were studied. The patients were sent a questionnaire that asked about preoperative and postoperative and current bowel function, with questions about quality of life and overall satisfaction with the outcome of the procedure. The late outcome after a mean period of 70 months from the operation was compared with the early clinical results. All the preoperative and operative variables were studied to ascertain their significance in predicting success.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-three patients were admitted to the study. Anterior sphincter repair was successful in improving continence in 73 percent of patients. Long-term results were obtained for 62 patients. Seventy percent had objective clinical improvement based on the questionnaire, but only 55 percent considered their bowel control had improved and only 45 percent were satisfied by the operation. Urgency was the most important symptom in determining patient satisfaction; 24 of 26 patients in whom urgency had improved were happy with their outcome. None of the preoperative and operative variables predicted the outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients should be warned that complete continence is difficult to achieve and that symptoms tend to deteriorate with time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colorectal Surgery, Western General Hospital of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zorcolo
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Covotta
authors.forename: David C C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bartolo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011379:Prognosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome