title: Effects of PGF2alpha on human melanocytes and regulation of the FP receptor by ultraviolet radiation.
abstract: Prostaglandins are potent lipid hormones that activate multiple signaling pathways resulting in regulation of cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. In the skin, prostaglandins are rapidly released by keratinocytes following ultraviolet radiation and are chronically present in inflammatory skin lesions. We have shown previously that melanocytes, which provide photoprotection to keratinocytes through the production of melanin, express several receptors for prostaglandins, including the PGE2 receptors EP1 and EP3 and the PGF2alpha receptor FP, and that PGF2alpha stimulates melanocyte dendricity. We now show that PGF2alpha stimulates the activity and expression of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis. Analysis of FP receptor regulation showed that the FP receptor is regulated by ultraviolet radiation in melanocytes in vitro and in human skin in vivo. We also show that ultraviolet irradiation stimulates production of PGF2alpha by melanocytes. These results show that PGF2alpha binding to the FP receptor activates signals that stimulate a differentiated phenotype (dendricity and pigmentation) in melanocytes. The regulation of the FP receptor and the stimulation of production of PGF2alpha in melanocytes in response to ultraviolet radiation suggest that PGF2alpha could act as an autocrine factor for melanocyte differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Box 697, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Glynis_Scott@urmc.rochester.edu
authors.forename: Glynis
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Stacey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Sonya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Leopardi
authors.forename: Frank A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Anthony
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Learn
authors.forename: Rama
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malaviya
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pentland
mesh_terms: D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012880:Skin Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D008543:Melanins; D011982:Receptors, Prostaglandin; C034671:prostaglandin F2alpha receptor; D015237:Dinoprost; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase