title: The role of Ruthenium red as a partial agonist in caffeine-induced neurotoxicity in cerebellar granular cell culture of rats.
abstract: Caffeine is widely spread and well known as a mild stimulant of the central nervous system. The present study tested the role of caffeine and Ruthenium red on the intact neuronal cells alone and Ruthenium red in caffeine-induced neurotoxicity. One-day-old newborn rats were used to obtain cerebellar cell cultures. Caffeine at a concentration of 1 mM was found to be most toxic. Dead cell scores were 5.9 +/- 0.8 for control, and 56.2 +/- 3.4 for caffeine (p < .001). Ruthenium red alone has also caused the reduction in neuronal cell number 36.1 +/- 4.5 for 10(-5) and 47 +/- 2.7 for 10(-6) M concentrations (p < .001 for both). Interestingly Ruthenium red used in caffeine-induced neurotoxicity has partly diminished the number of dead cells 28.7 +/- 3.2 for 10(-5) and 23.8 +/- 2.27 for 10(-6) M concentrations (p < .001for both). The results suggest that both Ruthenium red and caffeine are neurotoxic alone but, in combination, the neurotoxicity may be reduced through partial agonistic action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Kakhi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bakuridze
authors.forename: Selma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Duzenli
authors.forename: Akçahan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gepdiremen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D012430:Ruthenium Red / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D012430:Ruthenium Red; D002110:Caffeine