title: Toxoplasma gondii infection in rural Guatemalan children.
abstract: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in Guatemalan children, in 1999 and 2003 we surveyed caretakers and serologically tested children in the San Juan Sacatepequez area using Platelia Toxo IgG TMB enzyme immunoassay kits. In 1999, of 532 children six months to two years old, 66 (12.4%) were antibody positive. In 2003, in 500 children 3-10 years old antibody prevalence increased from 24% to 43% at age five years then leveled off. By multivariate analysis, drinking well water (relative risk [RR] = 1.78, 95% confidence limit [CL] = 1.00, 3.17, P = 0.05) and not cleaning up cat feces (RR = 2.06, 95% CL = 1.00, 4.28, P = 0.05) increased the risk of T. gondii seropositivity. Most T. gondii infections in children from these villages occurred by age five, but half were still not infected by adolescence. Therefore, it is important to educate girls entering child-bearing age about the risks of acute T. gondii infection and the local risk factors for infection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA. jlj1@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Maricruz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alvarez Mury
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luby
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Maguire
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000469:parasitology; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006166:Guatemala / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007223:Infant; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012698:Serologic Tests; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G