title: A randomized controlled trial of intravesical bacillus calmette-guerin for treatment refractory interstitial cystitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) to placebo instillations in patients with treatment refractory interstitial cystitis (IC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects who met the National Institutes of Health-National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases criteria for IC, and reported at least moderate pain and frequency for a minimum of 6 months before study entry, were randomized to 6 weekly double-blinded intravesical instillations of either BCG or placebo, and then followed for a total of 34 weeks. The primary outcome was a patient reported global response assessment at week 34, supplemented with medications for IC during weeks 31 to 34. Secondary outcomes included a 24-hour voiding diary, pain, urgency, validated IC symptom indexes and adverse events. The target sample size was 260 participants, designed to detect a difference in response rates between placebo and BCG of 30% and 50%, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 265 participants were randomized and 17 (6%) patients withdrew from study. The response rates for the primary outcome were 12% for placebo and 21% for BCG (p = 0.062). Small improvements were observed for all secondary outcomes, some more so with BCG, but these differences were of borderline statistical significance. Although a large number of adverse events were reported in the BCG arm, there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment arms in overall adverse event rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the BCG safety profile was acceptable, the response rate for the primary outcome was low. Effective medical treatment for patients with moderate to severe interstitial cystitis remains elusive.
authors.affiliation: University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Kathleen Joy
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Propert
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Yawei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burks
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Culkin
authors.forename: Ananias
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diokno
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hanno
authors.forename: J Richard
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Madigan
authors.forename: Edward M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Messing
authors.forename: J Curtis
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: Grannum R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Sant
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Wein
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kusek
authors.forename: Leroy M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Nyberg
authors.forename: Harris E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D010919:Placebos; D012074:Remission Induction; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D010919:Placebos