title: Persistence of inter-joint coupling during single-joint elbow flexions after shoulder fixation.
abstract: Single-joint elbow flexions are associated with muscle activity at the shoulder that opposes interaction torques arising from rotation of the elbow. We have previously shown that this activity is linearly related to elbow muscle torque and is robust in the presence of novel dynamic loads. Here we examined this relationship in the context of shoulder joint fixation. We tested the hypothesis that after mechanically fixing the shoulder the relationship between shoulder muscle activity and elbow muscle torque will be preserved. In contrast, proposals in which energetic variables are optimized predict that shoulder muscle activity should cease. Subjects performed single-joint elbow flexions in a horizontal plane while interacting with the KINARM robotic exoskeleton. After repeated movements with the shoulder joint fixed we observed a slight and gradual decrease in the activity of pectoralis major relative to movements in which the shoulder was free to rotate. However the strength of the coupling between the shoulder and elbow did not change after shoulder fixation. This is consistent with our previous findings and suggests that the nervous system maintains this inter-joint coupling relationship even when activity at the fixed joint is no longer needed for movement accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C2, Canada.
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Debicki
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Gribble
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D019415:Torque