title: [Estrogen and bone metabolism--basic research].
abstract: Biological functions of estrogen are exerted mainly through binding to the nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor alpha, beta (ERalpha, beta) , which regulate the transcription of target genes. Recent studies have revealed its direct effect on bone at molecular level, which is mediated by a complicated network of various cytokines. In addition, it is suggested not only that both estrogen and androgen have independent roles in bone metabolism, but also they have common non-genotropic and anti-apoptotic pathways in bone cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi