title: Changes in rat soleus muscle phenotype consecutive to a growth in hypergravity followed by normogravity.
abstract: It has been demonstrated that a long-term stay in hypergravity (HG: 2G) modified the phenotype and the contractile properties of rat soleus muscle. The ability of this muscle to contract was drastically reduced, which is a sign of anticipated aging. Consequently, our aim was to determine whether rats conceived, born, and reared in hypergravity showed adaptative capacities in normogravity (NG: 1G). This study was performed on rats divided into two series: the first was reared in HG until 100 days and was submitted to normogravity until 115 to 220 postnatal days (HG-NG rats); the second was made up of age paired groups reared in normogravity (NG rats). The contractile, morphological, and phenotypical properties of soleus muscle were studied. Our results showed that the NG rats were characterized by coexpressions of slow and fast myosin, respectively, 76.5 and 23.5% at 115 days. During their postnatal maturation, the fast isoform was gradually replaced by slow myosin. At 220 days, the relative proportions were respectively 91.05% and 8.95%. From 115 to 220 days, the HG-NG rats expressed 100% of slow myosin isoform and they presented a slower contractile behavior compared with their age-matched groups; at 115 days, the whole muscle contraction time was increased by 35%, and by 15%, at 220 days. Our study underlined the importance of gravity in the muscular development and suggested the existence of critical periods in muscle phenotype installation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Plasticité Neuromusculaire, UPRES EA 1032, IFR 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bat SN4, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France. florence.picquet@univ-lille1.fr
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Picquet
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bouet
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cochon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lacour
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Falempin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006112:Gravitation; D018471:Hypergravity; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size; D010641:Phenotype; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains