title: The value of endoscopic diagnosis and the treatment of pancreas injuries following blunt abdominal trauma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injuries to the pancreas following blunt abdominal trauma are rare due to its protected retroperitoneal position. Many pancreatic lesions remain unnoticed at first and only become apparent when complications arise or during treatment of other injuries. The mortality rate is between 12 and 30%, and if treatment is delayed it is as high as 60%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using medical records over the past 5 years, we investigated when and in what circumstances endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) was used in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreas injuries after blunt abdominal trauma. Penetrating injuries were not taken into consideration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An ERCP was performed on a total of five patients with suspected injuries to the pancreas after blunt abdominal trauma. No duct participation could be determined in three of the patients with a first degree pancreatic lesion. A 44-year-old woman sustained severe internal and external injuries after a traffic accident. Because of the nature of her injuries, pancreatic left resection with splenectomy was necessary. After the operation, a pancreatic fistula diagnosed. The ductus pancreaticus (DP) was successfully treated by stenting with the use of endoscopic retrograde pancreaticography. A 24-year old woman was kicked in the epigastrium by a horse. On the day after the incident, she complained of increasing pain in the upper abdomen, and she had elevated amylase and lipase levels. Computed tomography scan showed free fluid. Less than 48 h after the accident, ERCP was performed and a leakage in the DP in the head-body region (fourth degree) was identified. We placed a stent, and during the subsequent laparoscopy the omental bursa was flushed out and a drainage laid. After 14 days, the patient was sent home. We removed the drainage 4 weeks after the accident, and the stent after 12 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major advantage of the prompt retrograde discription of the pancreatobiliary system after an accident in which pancreas involvement is suspected is the more precise assessment of the extent of the injuries. If a stent is placed in the same session, it is possible to carry out definitive and interventional treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy and Sonography, Clinic of Surgery, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Patrzyk
authors.forename: C-D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Heidecke
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D019090:Case Management; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003288:Contusions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D004322:Drainage; D006736:Horses; D006801:Humans; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010179:Pancreas / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D010185:Pancreatic Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D008049:Lipase; D000681:Amylases