title: Minimally invasive atrial fibrillation ablation combined with a new technique for thoracoscopic stapling of the left atrial appendage: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) is becoming increasingly popular in the concomitant setting. Minimally invasive techniques are being developed for management of the patient with stand-alone AF. We report on our first case of a patient undergoing thoracoscopic microwave epicardial AF ablation combined with the incorporation of a new device for left atrial appendage (LAA) exclusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient is a 62-year-old man with a 10-year history of drug-resistant paroxysmal AF. He had failed multiple electrical cardioversions, as well as a percutaneous attempt at left and right superior pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. On October 8, 2003, he was admitted to undergo an off-pump thoracoscopic epicardial microwave ablation. While the patient was under general anesthesia, 3 thoracoscopic access ports were created in the right chest. The pericardium was widely opened. Red rubber catheters were positioned in the transverse and oblique sinuses. The 2 catheters were retrieved on the left side and tied together, forming a guide to the Flex 10 microwave ablation probe (Guidant Corporation, Fremont, CA, USA). The Flex 10 sheath was positioned to encircle all 4 pulmonary veins. The position of the ablation catheter was confirmed visually to be behind the LAA. Sequential ablation was then performed in the segments of the Flex 10 to create a continuous ablation line around the PVs. A connecting lesion to the base of the LAA was then performed. The LAA was then stapled using the SurgASSIST computer-mediated thoracoscopic stapling system (Power Medical Intervention, New Hope, PA, USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The procedure was uneventful and lasted for a total of 2.5 hours. The patient was discharged home on postoperative day 2 in rate-controlled AF. He was successfully electrically cardioverted to normal sinus rhythm (NSR). At latest follow-up he remained in NSR and continued to take dofetilide (Tikosyn).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracoscopic epicardial microwave ablation of AF is a technically feasible procedure with minimal risk. The computer deployment and motion controlled stapling system that we used in this case has the potential to become a safe and reliable alternative to conventional stapling instruments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. Joseph Regional Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53210, USA. skidoc@execpc.com
authors.forename: Husam H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Balkhy
authors.forename: Peter D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Arnsdorf
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D019723:Endoscopes; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012371:Robotics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017792:Surgical Stapling / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome