title: Abnormal myocardial perfusion and contractile recruitment during exercise in type 1 diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No data are available on the relationship between myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) function in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which may constitute a factor explaining the progressive contractile dysfunction to the overt phase of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to test whether myocardial perfusion abnormalities are present at rest and during exercise and whether they are related to contractile dysfunction in T1DM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with T1DM, aged 32 +/- 8.3 years, without macro- or microvascular complications, and 10 controls, aged 31 +/- 3 years, were studied. Left ventricular function and myocardial perfusion were assessed by two-dimensional and myocardial contrast echocardiography at rest and during handgrip (HG).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients with T1DM showed a decline in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) during HG (Group 1) while 8 had a normal response (Group 2). Both basal myocardial blood volume (MBV) and velocity (beta) were normal in T1DM. During exercise, MBV and beta increased and were associated with an increase in myocardial blood flow (MBF) in controls. In T1DM, beta did not change and MBV increased only in Group 2, while this increase was not observed in Group 1 (controls: 14.9 +/- 2.3 vs. Group 1: 7.6 +/- 1.6, p < 0.001; and vs. Group 2: 10.2 +/- 2.8, p < 0.001), beta (0.86 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.68 +/- 0.14, p < 0.001; and vs. 0.67 +/- 0.15, p < 0.001). A correlation between the ratio exercise MBF/resting MBF and LVEF at peak exercise in T1DM was observed (r = 0.805, p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A large proportion of patients with T1DM exhibit abnormalities in myocardial adaptable capacity to match an acute overload, which are related to a defective increase in myocardial perfusion.
authors.affiliation: Metabolic Cardiology Unit, Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. r.scognamiglio@unipd.it
authors.forename: Roldano
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scognamiglio
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Negut
authors.forename: Saula Vigili
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: de Kreuizenberg
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palisi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tiengo
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avogaro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*