title: The critical role of disulfide bond formation in protein sorting in the endosperm of rice.
abstract: Many seed storage proteins, including monomeric 2S albumin and polymeric prolamin, contain conserved sequences in three separate regions, termed A, B, and C, which contain the consensus motifs LxxC, CCxQL, and PxxC, respectively. Protein-sorting mechanisms in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm were studied with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to different segments of rice alpha-globulin, a monomeric, ABC-containing storage protein. The whole ABC region together with GFP was efficiently transported to protein storage vacuoles (type II protein bodies [PB-II]) in the endosperm cells and sequestered in the matrix that surrounds the crystalloids. Peptide Gln-23 to Ser-43 in the A region was sufficient to guide GFP to PB-II. However, GFP fused with the AB or B region accumulated in prolamin protein bodies. Substitution mutations in the CCxQL motif in the B region significantly altered protein localization in the endosperm cells. Furthermore, protein extracts containing these substituted proteins had increased amounts of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperons BiP (for binding protein), protein disulfide isomerase, and calnexin as a part of protein complexes that were insoluble in a detergent buffer. These results suggest that the ER chaperons and disulfide bonds formed at the dicysteine residues in CCxQL play critical roles in sorting fused proteins in the endosperm cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biotechnology, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan 305-8602. kawagoe@nias.affrc.go.jp
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawagoe
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tasaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Kayo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akagi
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Naoko K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takaiwa
mesh_terms: D000510:Alpha-Globulins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000502:physiology; D017124:Conserved Sequence / Q000502:physiology; D004220:Disulfides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000378:metabolism; D012275:Oryza / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055315:Prolamins; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D017510:Protein Folding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000510:Alpha-Globulins; D004220:Disulfides; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D010455:Peptides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D055315:Prolamins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins