title: Prediction and risk of dysphagia after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and uvulopalatoplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that preoperative asymptomatic pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction predisposes for the development of symptoms of dysphagia after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and uvulopalatoplasty (UPP).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 42 patients who snored were scheduled to undergo UPPP (n = 20) or UPP (n = 22). UPP was performed using either a CO2 laser or a conventional steel scalpel. Preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively all patients were examined videoradiographically to assess pharyngeal swallowing function. They also completed a questionnaire pre- and postoperatively concerning their snoring problems and swallowing function as well as the outcome of surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively, 7 (17%) patients reported dysphagia. Pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction was demonstrated in 6/7 patients with preoperative dysphagia while pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction was evident preoperatively in 18/35 non-dysphagic patients. Of the 35 patients without preoperative dysphagia, 10 (29%/) developed dysphagia after surgery. There was no significant risk of development of postoperative dysphagia for patients with compared to patients without preoperative pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction. Only one of the seven patients with preoperative dysphagia experienced worsening of the problem. A total of 93% of the patients reported a decrease in snoring and 95% reported a decrease in daytime sleepiness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative pharyngeal swallowing dysfunction was not proven to predict the development of dysphagia after UPPP or UPP. The surgical method did not influence the frequency of postoperatively acquired dysphagia. The results do not indicate that patients with preoperative dysphagia should be excluded from treatment with UPPP or UPP.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Odontology, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. Eva.Levring.Jaghagen@odont.umn.se
authors.forename: Eva Levring
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Jäghagen
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berggren
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahlqvist
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Isberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000601:surgery*; D010614:Pharynx / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D012307:Risk Factors; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000601:surgery*; D012913:Snoring; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014609:Uvula / Q000601:surgery*