title: Health benefits offer rates: is there a nonresponse bias?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a nonresponse bias exists in the offer rate for health benefits in firms with fewer than 50 workers and to present a simple adjustment to correct for observed bias.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 2003 Employer Health Benefits Survey (EHBS) conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation and Health Research and Educational Trust, and a follow-up survey of nonrespondents to the 2003 EHBS.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a follow-up survey to the 2003 EHBS to collect health benefits offering data from firms with fewer than 50 workers. We used McNemar's test to verify that the follow-up survey provided results comparable to the EHBS, and t-tests were used to determine nonresponse bias. We applied a simple weighting adjustment to the EHBS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data for both the EHBS and the follow-up survey were collected by the same survey research firm. The EHBS interviews the person most knowledgeable about the firm's health benefits, while the follow-up survey interviews the first person who answers the telephone whether they are the most knowledgeable or not. Principal Findings. Firms with 3-9 workers were more likely to exhibit a bias than were firms with 10-24 workers and 25-49 workers. Although the calculated bias for each size category was not significant, there is sufficient evidence to warrant caution when reporting offer rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survey nonresponse in the EHBS produces an upward bias on estimates for the offer rates of small firms. Although not significant, this upward bias is because of nonresponse by small firms that do not offer health benefits. Our research is limited in that we only control for differences in the size of the firm.
authors.affiliation: Health Research and Educational Trust, One Empire Drive, Rensselaer, New York 12144, USA.
authors.forename: Jeremy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pickreign
authors.forename: Jon R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Gabel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003132:Commerce; D003256:Community Participation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017047:Cost Sharing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003625:Data Collection; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006264:Health Benefit Plans, Employee / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007342:Insurance Benefits / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015273:Insurance Selection Bias; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States; D000078329:Workforce