title: Acute treatment outcomes in patients with bipolar I disorder and co-morbid borderline personality disorder receiving medication and psychotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients suffering from both bipolar I disorder and borderline personality disorder (BPD) pose unique treatment challenges. The purpose of this matched case-control study was to compare acute treatment outcomes of a sample of patients who met standardized diagnostic criteria for both bipolar I disorder and BPD (n = 12) to those who met criteria for bipolar I disorder only (n = 58).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects meeting criteria for an acute affective episode were treated with a combination of algorithm-driven pharmacotherapy and weekly psychotherapy until stabilization (defined as four consecutive weeks with a calculated average of the 17-item version of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Bech-Rafaelsen Mania scale totaling < or = 7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only three of 12 (25%) bipolar-BPD patients achieved stabilization, compared with 43 of 58 (74%) bipolar-only patients. Two of the three bipolar-BPD patients who did stabilize took over 95 weeks to do so, compared with a median time-to-stabilization of 35 weeks in the bipolar-only group. The bipolar-BPD group received significantly more atypical mood-stabilizing medications per year than the bipolar-only group (Z = 4.3, p < 0.0001). Dropout rates in the comorbid group were high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This quasi-experimental study suggests that treatment course may be longer in patients suffering from both bipolar I disorder and BPD. Some patients improved substantially with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, suggesting that this approach is worthy of further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. swartzha@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pilkonis
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001883:Borderline Personality Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D016651:Lithium Carbonate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D019338:Polypharmacy; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D016651:Lithium Carbonate