title: Animals and alternatives: societal expectations and scientific need.
abstract: As Russell and Burch suggested more than 40 years ago, the most humane science is the best science. The path ahead is clear: pain and distress must be eliminated in animal experiments or reduced to an absolute minimum, and, as scientists, we must use the most humane approaches in our research. To accomplish the best science, we must train those who come after us in the principles and practice of humane science.
authors.affiliation: Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Suite 840, 111 Market Place, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA. goldberg@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D032761:Animal Experimentation / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D017087:Animal Rights / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards; D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005060:Europe; D007886:Legislation, Veterinary; D014481:United States