Transforming growth factor -beta receptor signaling in cancer.
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is an ubiquitous cytokine that affects various biological processes, such as regulation of cell proliferation, immune responses, growth, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis of various cell types. The TGF-beta ligand initiates signaling by binding to and joining type I and II receptors of serine/threonine kinases. This review discusses the TGF-beta ligands and receptors, its positive and negative regulators in signaling, as well as its important roles with respect to tumor suppression and progression.
Narayan
Satya
S
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and UF Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. snarayan@ufscc.ufl.edu <snarayan@ufscc.ufl.edu>
Thangasamy
Thilakavathy
T
Balusu
Ramesh
R
D000818:Animals; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000502:physiology; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D051785:Smad Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*
D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051785:Smad Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex