title: Improvement of bioinsecticides production through adaptation of Bacillus thuringiensis cells to heat treatment and NaCl addition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present work aimed to increase yields of delta-endotoxin production through adaptation of Bacillus thuringiensis cells to heat shock and sodium chloride and to investigate their involvements in bioinsecticides production improvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Growing B. thuringiensis cells were heat treated after different incubation times to study the response of the adaptative surviving cells in terms of delta-endotoxin synthesis. Similarly, adaptation of B. thuringiensis cells to sodium chloride was investigated. Adaptation to combined stressors was also evaluated. When applied separately in the glucose-based medium, 20-min heat treatment of 6-h-old cultures and addition of 7 g l(-1) NaCl at the beginning of the incubation gave respectively 38 and 27% delta-endotoxin production improvements. Heat shock improved toxin synthesis yields, while NaCl addition improved delta-endotoxin production by increasing the spore titres without significant effect on toxin synthesis yields. Cumulative improvements (66%) were obtained by combination of the two stressors at the conditions previously established for each one. Interestingly, when the similar approach was conducted by using the large scale production medium based on gruel and fish meal, 17, 8 and 29% delta-endotoxin production improvements were respectively, obtained with heat shock, NaCl and combined stressors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heat treatment of vegetative B. thuringiensis cells and NaCl addition to the culture media improved bioinsecticides production. Heat treatment increased toxin synthesis yields, while addition of NaCl increased biomass production yields. Cumulative improvements of 66 and 29% were obtained in glucose and economic production media, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overproduction of bioinsecticides by B. thuringiensis could be obtained by the combination of heat treatment of vegetative cells and addition of NaCl to the culture medium. This should contribute to a significant reduction of the cost of B. thuringiensis bioinsecticides production and utilization, and also manage for higher toxin content in the bioinsecticides, which is very interesting from a practical point of view because fewer spores would be disseminated into the ecosystem.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire des Biopesticides, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ghribi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zouari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jaoua
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D018533:Biomass; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007306:Insecticides / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013171:Spores, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004731:Endotoxins; D007306:Insecticides; D012965:Sodium Chloride