Determinants of hospitalization in a cohort of chronic dialysis patients in central Italy.
BACKGROUND
Few studies linking hospital discharge records with the population register of chronic dialysis (CD) patients are available. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and the determinants of hospitalization, taking into account the demographic, clinical and biochemical data.


METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 3411 patients starting dialysis from 1996-2000, reported to the Lazio Dialysis Registry (RDL) (Italy). These patients were linked with the hospital information system from 1996-2002. Hospital admission probability was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. To evaluate the determinants of hospitalization risk we used Cox's proportional hazards for the first admission and a marginal model considering competitive effect of mortality, the Wei-Lin-Weissfeld model, for any admission.


RESULTS
We found 7530 hospital admissions, referring to 1711 patients (50.7%), with a rate of 63/100 person-years. The most prevalent diagnoses were "diseases of the genitourinary system", (37.4%), and "diseases of the circulatory system", among secondary diagnoses (46.6%). Hospitalization probability was 34.4% at 1 yr after starting dialysis. The risk of first and any hospital admission was higher (p<0.05) for patients having more than one comorbid disease, hematocrit (Hct) level <30%, serum albumin level <3.5 g/dL, and a low degree of self-sufficiency.


CONCLUSIONS
Hospitalization frequency, mainly during the first months of dialysis, suggests the need to improve the early management of chronic renal failure and indicates the importance of preventing complications and maximizing functional status among the dialysis population.
Di Napoli
Anteo
A
Agency for Public Health of Lazio Region, Rome-Italy. dinapoli@asplazio.it
Pezzotti
Patrizio
P
Di Lallo
Domenico
D
Tancioni
Valeria
V
Papini
Paolo
P
Guasticchi
Gabriella
G
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D052776:Female Urogenital Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006400:Hematocrit; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D052801:Male Urogenital Diseases; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology