title: Volume changes in intra- and extraorbital compartments in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy: effect of smoking.
abstract: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of smoking history on soft tissue expansion in specific orbital compartments in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. The volumes of the rectus muscles, intra and extraorbital connective, and soft tissues were measured in 110 orbits of 35 patients and 20 control subjects. Data sets from current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers were compared. The total number of cigarettes smoked was calculated, and it was used as an estimate for the severity of smoking (cumulative smoking). The volume measurements were performed on T1-weighted contiguous transversal magnetic resonance images of the orbits. Connective tissue volumes were influenced by smoking history, while muscle volumes were not affected. Ex-smokers had larger amount of extraorbital connective tissue than current smokers (p = 0.012), and this volume showed a good correlation with the number of cigarettes smoked (r = 0.539, p < 0.05). In current smokers, the amount of intraorbital connective tissue correlated well with the cumulative smoking (r = 0.635, p < 0.001). We conclude that connective tissue volumes in certain orbital compartments correlate well with cumulative smoking. Extraocular muscle volumes are not influenced by smoking in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary. szfzs@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Szucs-Farkas
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: Jozsef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kollar
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Galuska
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Burman
authors.forename: Judit
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boda
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leovey
authors.forename: Jozsef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Bernadett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ujhelyi
authors.forename: Jeno
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berta
authors.forename: Endre V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000473:pathology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation