title: Role of progesterone signaling in the regulation of G-protein levels in female chronic constipation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic constipation caused by slow transit is common in women with an F/M ratio of 9:1. The cause and mechanisms responsible for this syndrome are unknown. Progesterone has been suggested as a possible contributing factor. Our aim was to investigate the site and mechanisms responsible for this colonic motility disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven women with intractable constipation and slow transit time underwent colectomy and 6 women who underwent a left colectomy for adenocarcinoma (controls) were studied. Dissociated colonic circular muscle cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion. Changes in G-protein levels were measured by Western blot. The messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Galpha q and progesterone receptors was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Muscle cells from patients with chronic constipation exhibited impaired contraction in response to receptor-G-protein-dependent agonists (cholecystokinin [CCK], acetylcholine) and in response to the direct G-protein activator guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiophosphate). Contraction was normal with receptor-G-protein-independent agonists (diacylglycerol and KCl). Western blot showed down-regulation of Galpha q/11 and up-regulation of Galpha s proteins in patients with chronic constipation. The mRNA expression of Galpha q was lower and the progesterone receptors were overexpressed in patients with chronic constipation compared with controls. These abnormalities were reproduced in vitro by pretreatment of normal colonic muscle cells with progesterone for 4 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Slow transit chronic constipation in women may be caused by down-regulation of contractile G proteins and up-regulation of inhibitory G proteins, probably caused by overexpression of progesterone receptors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
authors.forename: Zuo-Liang
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pricolo
authors.forename: Piero
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biancani
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Behar
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003248:Constipation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000187:drug effects; D005772:Gastrointestinal Transit; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate) / Q000494:pharmacology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D011374:Progesterone; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; D000109:Acetylcholine