S-Nitrosothiols: cellular formation and transport.
This review will focus on the transport and intracellular formation of S-nitrosothiols in cell culture models. The major points made in this article are: (1) S-Nitrosothiols are actively metabolized by cells. (2) S-Nitrosothiols affect cells in ways distinctly different from those of nitric oxide and can act through mechanisms that do not involve the intermediacy of nitric oxide. (3) Some S-nitrosothiols (S-nitrosocysteine, S-nitrosohomocysteine) can be taken up into cells via amino acid transport system L, whereas others (S-nitrosoglutathione, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine) are not directly transported, but require the presence of cysteine and/or cystine before the nitroso functional group is transported. (4) Proteomic detection of intracellular S-nitrosothiols is currently possible only if cells are loaded with high levels of S-nitrosothiols, and methodological advances are required in order to examine the S-nitrosated proteome after exposure of cells to physiological levels of nitric oxide.
Zhang
Yanhong
Y
Department of Biophysics and Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
Hogg
Neil
N
D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D051381:Rats; D026403:S-Nitrosothiols / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
D026403:S-Nitrosothiols