title: Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of raltitrexed in children with recurrent or refractory leukemia: a pediatric oncology group study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the toxicity, antileukemic activity, and pharmacology of raltitrexed administered weekly for 3 weeks to patients with refractory or recurrent leukemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Raltitrexed was administered as a 15-minute infusion for 3 consecutive weeks every 5 weeks, at doses ranging from 1.3 to 2.8 mg/m(2). The first course was used to determine the dose-limiting toxicities and maximum tolerated dose. Correlative studies included an assessment of raltitrexed pharmacokinetics and measurement of plasma 2'-deoxyuridine concentrations, a surrogate measure of thymidylate synthase inhibition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one children (18 evaluable) with refractory leukemia received 25 courses of raltitrexed. The dose-limiting toxicity was reversible elevation in liver transaminases at the 2.8-mg/m(2) dose level and the maximum tolerated dose was 2.1 mg/m(2) per dose. Pharmacokinetics were best characterized by a two-compartment model with a clearance of 139 mL/min/m(2) (8.3 L/h/m(2)), a 2.4-L volume of distribution, an initial half-life (t(1/2alpha)) of 6 minutes, and a terminal half-life (t(1/2beta)) of 45 minutes. There were three objective responses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raltitrexed was well tolerated when administered as a single agent to children with recurrent or refractory leukemia. We observed preliminary evidence of antileukemia activity using this weekly dosing schedule and these observations support further evaluation of raltitrexed in this population.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. tmhorton@txccc.org
authors.forename: Terzah M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Horton
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Blaney
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Langevin
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuhn
authors.forename: Barton
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kamen
authors.forename: Stacey L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernstein
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weitman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007938:Leukemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D011799:Quinazolines; D013876:Thiophenes; C068874:raltitrexed