title: Cognition, function, and caregiving time patterns in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease: a 12-month analysis.
abstract: Placebo data were pooled from two 1-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of sabeluzole in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease (AD). Cognition was assessed using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and activities of daily living (ADL) with the Disability Assessment in Dementia (DAD). Time spent assisting with ADL was estimated according to the caregiver for each DAD domain in the 2 weeks before assessment. Progressive annual decline was seen on ADAS-cog (5.6 +/- 7.3 [mean +/- SD]) and DAD (-12.4 +/- 17.8), with greater decline in moderate patients (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] < or =18) than mild patients (MMSE >18). An MMSE score of 16 appeared to be a key transition point at which most instrumental ADL were lost and major losses of basic ADL began to occur over the next 12 months. Caregivers spent, on average, 14 hours more assisting with ADL over 2 weeks at the end of 1 year. The proportion of care provided by paid caregivers increased relative to the time spent by informal caregivers. Patients with mild-to-moderate AD experience predictable annual decline in cognition and daily functioning, with measurably increased caregiver time. Small changes in ADAS-cog are nevertheless associated with a substantial measurable effect on the daily lives of both patients and caregivers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology and Clinic for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. hfeldman@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Howard H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Van Baelen
authors.forename: Shane M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: Koen E L
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Torfs
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D017028:Caregivers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D018450:Disease Progression; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008609:Mental Status Schedule / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011594:Psychometrics; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013996:Time and Motion Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D013844:Thiazoles; C055163:sabeluzole