title: Bioisosteric replacements of the pyrazole moiety of rimonabant: synthesis, biological properties, and molecular modeling investigations of thiazoles, triazoles, and imidazoles as potent and selective CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonists.
abstract: Series of thiazoles, triazoles, and imidazoles were designed as bioisosteres, based on the 1,5-diarylpyrazole motif that is present in the potent CB(1) receptor antagonist rimonabant (SR141716A, 1). A number of target compounds was synthesized and evaluated in cannabinoid (hCB(1) and hCB(2)) receptor assays. The thiazoles, triazoles, and imidazoles elicited in vitro( )()CB(1) antagonistic activities and in general exhibited considerable CB(1) vs CB(2) receptor subtype selectivities, thereby demonstrating to be cannabinoid bioisosteres of the original diarylpyrazole class. Some key representatives in the imidazole series showed potent pharmacological in vivo activities after oral administration in both a CB agonist-induced hypotension model and a CB agonist-induced hypothermia model. Molecular modeling studies showed a close three-dimensional structural overlap between the key compound 62 and rimonabant. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed a close correlation between the biological results in the imidazole and pyrazole series.
authors.affiliation: Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Research Laboratories, C. J. van Houtenlaan 36, 1381 CP Weesp, The Netherlands. jos.lange@solvay.com
authors.forename: Jos H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Herman H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: van Stuivenberg
authors.forename: Hein K A C
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Coolen
authors.forename: Tiny J P
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Adolfs
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: McCreary
authors.forename: Hiskias G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Keizer
authors.forename: Henri C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wals
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Veerman
authors.forename: Alice J M
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Borst
authors.forename: Wouter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: de Looff
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Verveer
authors.forename: Chris G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kruse
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D003412:Cricetulus; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D010880:Piperidines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D051381:Rats; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000819:agonists / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 / Q000187:drug effects; D000077285:Rimonabant; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D014230:Triazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C500064:1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D007093:Imidazoles; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D043885:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2; D013844:Thiazoles; D014230:Triazoles; C054649:3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol; D000077285:Rimonabant