title: A new clinical method for the assessment of penile endothelial function using the flow mediated dilation with plethysmography technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Penile endothelial function (EnF) is 1 of the major factors involved in the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. EnF assessment could offer crucial information on the etiology and degree of severity of cavernosal vascular pathology. In the present study we propose a new technique for the evaluation of penile EnF and test its applicability using strain gauge plethysmography.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 23 healthy subjects (13 younger and 10 older than 40 years) with no history of erectile dysfunction were studied. The flow mediated dilation technique was applied to the arm and penis in both age groups for the assessment of EnF. Baseline blood flow and the sequential flow recordings after rapid cessation of 5 minutes of ischemia were obtained in both organs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline flow in the penis was significantly higher (approximately 3-fold) than that in the forearm and was not affected by age in either organ. Both measures of penile EnF, ie area under the flow-time curve (AUC) and maximal flow obtained after ischemia were significantly lower in the older group compared to the younger group (p <0.01 and p <0.02, respectively). Individual penile AUC and maximal flow were significantly correlated with age (r = 0.55, p <0.01 and r = 0.50, p <0.02, respectively). Finally a positive, significant correlation existed between penile and forearm AUC (p <0.05, r = 0.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The implementation of the flow mediated dilation technique using mercury strain gauge plethysmography is simple and applicable for the assessment of penile EnF. Endothelial function parameters in the penis were found to correlate with those in the forearm, thus support for the validity of the technique is given. Further strength for the validity of this procedure in the penis comes from the comparison between the forearm and penis, and the relation to subject age.
authors.affiliation: J. Recanati Autonomic Dysfunction Center and Sexual Dysfunction and Neuro-Urology Unit, Rambam Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion IIT Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Lior
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dayan
authors.forename: Illan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Greunwald
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vardi
authors.forename: Giris
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jacob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005542:Forearm / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010410:Penile Erection / Q000502:physiology; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply*; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000379:methods; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology