title: Endophthalmitis associated with the Ahmed glaucoma valve implant.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the rate, risk factors, clinical course, and treatment outcomes of endophthalmitis following glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A computerised relational database search was conducted to identify all patients who were implanted with Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) and developed endophthalmitis following surgery at the King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between 1 January 1994 and 30 November 2003. Only medical records of the patients who developed endophthalmitis were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  542 eyes of 505 patients who were on active follow up were included in the study. Endophthalmitis developed in nine (1.7%) eyes; the rate was five times higher in children than in adults. Delayed endophthalmitis (developed 6 weeks after surgery) occurred in eight of nine eyes. Conjunctival erosion overlying the AGV tube was present in six of nine eyes. Common organisms isolated in the vitreous included Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus species. Multiple regression analysis revealed that younger age and conjunctival erosion over the tube were significant risk factors associated with endophthalmitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endophthalmitis is a rare complication of GDI surgery that appears to be more common in children. Conjunctival dehiscence over the GDI tube seems to represent a major risk factor for endophthalmitis. Prompt surgical revision of an exposed GDI tube is highly recommended.
authors.affiliation: FRCS, Department of Ophthalmology, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, PO Box 7191 Riyadh 11462, Saudi Arabia. atorbaq@health.net.sa
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Torbak
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Shahwan
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Jadaan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hommadi
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Edward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D018463:Filtering Surgery; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D016459:Prosthesis-Related Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013529:Surgical Wound Dehiscence / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity