title: Clinical review: Acid-base abnormalities in the intensive care unit -- part II.
abstract: Acid-base abnormalities are common in the critically ill. The traditional classification of acid-base abnormalities and a modern physico-chemical method of categorizing them will be explored. Specific disorders relating to mortality prediction in the intensive care unit are examined in detail. Lactic acidosis, base excess, and a strong ion gap are highlighted as markers for increased risk of death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Section of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care and Surgical Emergencies, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. Lewis.Kaplan@yale.edu
authors.forename: Lewis J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: Spiros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frangos
mesh_terms: D000137:Acid-Base Imbalance / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D000138:Acidosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality; D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016638:Critical Illness; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D051381:Rats; D012307:Risk Factors; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides