title: Does prenatal diagnosis influence the morbidity associated with left in situ nonfunctioning or poorly functioning renal moiety after endoscopic puncture of ureterocele?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared long-term morbidity associated with left in situ nonfunctioning or poorly functioning renal moiety of a duplex system in children with prenatal vs postnatal diagnosis of ureterocele who underwent endoscopic puncture.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 children underwent primary endoscopic puncture of duplex system ureterocele. Of the cases 35 (73%) were diagnosed prenatally (group 1) and 13 (27%) postnatally (group 2). Median age at time of puncture was 4 months in group 1 and 3.5 years in group 2. A total of 20 patients in group 1 (57%) and 8 in group 2 (62%) presented with intravesical ureterocele, while 15 in group 1 (43%) and 5 in group 2 (38%) had ectopic ureterocele. A total of 20 children in group 1 (57%) and 7 in group 2 (54%) had a nonfunctioning renal moiety, and 15 in group 1 (43%) and 6 in group 2 (46%) had a poorly functioning ureterocele moiety. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was present in 23 children in group 1 (66%) comprising 30 renal refluxing units (RRUs), and in 12 in group 2 (92%) comprising 14 RRUs. Median followup was 9 years (range 1 to 15) for both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) was common in group 2 (92%) vs group 1 (20%). No patient in group 1 had development of UTI after puncture, while 23% of the children in group 2 presented with UTI. Four children (2 from each group) with ectopic ureterocele required secondary puncture resulting in satisfactory drainage. A total of 14 RRUs (47%) showed spontaneous resolution of VUR in group 1 compared to 3 (21%) in group 2. Four RRUs (13%) required endoscopic correction due to high grade VUR in group 1. Two RRUs (17%) were treated with endoscopic correction and 2 (17%) with ureteral reimplantation due to UTI in group 2. Only 1 patient in group 1 underwent nephrectomy due to nonfunctioning kidney, while 2 patients in group 2 required partial nephrectomy due to UTI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data reveal that prenatal diagnosis of duplex system ureterocele is associated with fewer UTIs, and early endoscopic management may decrease UTI and the need for additional surgery. Nonfunctioning or poorly functioning renal moieties left in situ following successful endoscopic decompression of ureterocele are not associated with additional morbidity and do not require partial nephrectomy in the majority of the cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Faculty for Health Science, Ben-Gurion University, Jerusalem, Israel. bchertin@yahoo.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chertin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rabinowitz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koulikov
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fridmans
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hadas-Halpern
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farkas
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002828:Choristoma / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D011677:Punctures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014513:Ureter / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery; D014518:Ureterocele / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000209:etiology