title: Monitoring of antifouling booster biocides in water and sediment from the port of Osaka, Japan.
abstract: Concentrations of booster antifouling compounds in the port of Osaka, Japan were assessed. Concentrations of Sea-Nine 211 (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3-isothiazolone), thiabendazole (2-(4-thiazolyl)-benzimidazole), IPBC (3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate), Diuron (3,4-dichlorophenyl-N, N-dimethylurea), Irgarol 1051 (2-methylthio-4-t-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine), and M1 (2-methylthio-4-t-butylamino-6-amino-s-triazine) in port water samples were in the range of <0.003-0.004 microg L(-1), <0.0008-0.020 microg L(-1), <0.0007-1.54 microg L(-1), <0.0008-0.267 microg L(-1), and <0.0019-0.167 microg L(-1), respectively. IPBC was not detected in the water samples, but the concentration of Diuron was higher than any previously reported. The concentrations of Sea-Nine 211, thiabendazole, Diuron, Irgarol 1051, and M1 in sediment samples were in the range of <0.04-2.4 microg kg(-1) dry, <0.08-1.2 microg kg(-1) dry, <0.64-1350 microg kg(-1) dry, <0.08-8.2 microg kg(-1) dry, and <0.18-2.9 microg kg(-1) dry, respectively. IPBC was again not detected. The levels of Sea-Nine 211, Diuron, and Irgarol 1051 in water and sediment samples were high in a poorly flushed mooring area for small and medium-hull vessels. Levels of Diuron and Irgarol 1051 were highest in summer. The concentration of Sea-Nine 211 in water increased between August and October 2002. Except for M1, increases in the levels of booster biocides in sediment were observed during the study period. The sediment-water partition (Kd) was calculated by dividing the concentrations in sediment by the concentrations in water. The Kd values for Sea-Nine 211, thiabendazole, Diuron, Irgarol 1051, and M1 were 690, 180, 2700, 300, and 870. The Kd value for these alternative compounds was lower than for TBT.
authors.affiliation: Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Tojo-cho 8-34, Tennoji-ku, Osaka, 543-0026, Japan. Hiroya.Harino@iphes.city.osaka.jp
authors.forename: Hiroya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Harino
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Senda
mesh_terms: D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000032:analysis; D002219:Carbamates / Q000032:analysis; D004237:Diuron / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis; D007564:Japan; D010150:Paint; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater / Q000032:analysis; D012767:Ships; D013827:Thiabendazole / Q000032:analysis; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000032:analysis; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D002219:Carbamates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D013844:Thiazoles; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C103341:irgarol 1051; C106572:3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate; C080469:Kathon 930; D004237:Diuron; D013827:Thiabendazole