title: A procedure to produce high alcohol intake in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While prolonged access to ethanol (EtOH), or deprivations, or their combination have occasionally been shown to yield high levels of voluntary self-administration, in almost all cases, rodents do not self-administer alcohol to the degree that they will develop substantial, intoxicating blood alcohol levels and then continue to self-administer at these levels.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present series of experiments was to modify a fluid restriction procedure to demonstrate consistent, high EtOH consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male and female mice from an alcohol preferring inbred strain (C57BL/6J; B6) as well as from a genetically heterogeneous strain (WSC) were given varying periods of access to fluid, ranging from 90 min to 10 h per day, for 12-21 days. Every 3rd or 4th day, separate groups of mice were offered a 5, 7 or 10% EtOH solution for either 10 min or 30 min, followed by water for the remainder of the time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all studies, stable high EtOH doses were consumed by both B6 and WSC mice across the EtOH sessions, exceeding 2 g/kg in a 30-min session. Mean blood EtOH concentration exceeded 1 mg/ml (i.e. 100 mg%), with values in individual animals ranging from 0.6 mg/ml to 3.4 mg/ml. Notably, mice receiving 10 h of fluid/day continued to consume 2 g/kg doses of EtOH. While this procedure did not produce subsequent preference for EtOH in WSC mice, consumption remained high in some animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that scheduling fluid intake produces high, stable EtOH consumption and BEC in male and female B6 and WSC mice.
authors.affiliation: Portland Alcohol Research Center, VAMC Research and Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. finnd@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Finn
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Belknap
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cronise
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoneyama
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murillo
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Crabbe
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains / Q000235:genetics; D011600:Psychopharmacology / Q000379:methods*; D012996:Solutions / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol