title: Increased aortic stiffness is persistent in type 1 diabetic women: a follow-up study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously reported that women, not men, with type 1 diabetes have increased aortic stiffness. Increased arterial stiffness may explain why diabetic women have a particularly high risk of developing cardiovascular complications. We have now followed up our previously investigated patients after 7 years, with a view to evaluating whether the sex difference was persistent, and also evaluating the degree of progression with time and the relationship between stiffness versus intima media thickness of the aorta.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stiffness (beta) of the abdominal aorta (echo-tracking sonography) and intima media thickness (B-mode ultrasound) were assessed in 23 women and 19 men with type 1 diabetes and compared with matched healthy individuals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up, aortic stiffness was still higher (60%) (p=0.0016) in diabetic than in control women, whereas there was no similar difference (p=0.4) between diabetic and control men. No progression of stiffness had occurred over the 7 years. At follow-up, the intima media thickness was increased and the internal diameter of the aorta was decreased in diabetic men and women without any sex-related difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased aortic stiffness that affects type 1 diabetic patients seems to be an early event that soon reaches a plateau without any further increase. Increased aortic stiffness in type 1 diabetic women seems to be a sex-specific functional disorder unrelated to the degree of underlying atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden. asa.ryden_ahlgren@klinfys.mas.lu.se
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ahlgren
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Astrand
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sundkvist
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Länne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003187:Compliance; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D015996:Survival Rate; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology