Understanding presentation of viral antigens to CD8+ T cells in vivo: the key to rational vaccine design.
CD8+ T cells play a critical role in antiviral immunity by exerting direct antiviral activity against infected cells. Because of their ability to recognize all types of viral proteins, they offer the promise of providing broad immunity to viruses that evade humoral immunity by varying their surface proteins. Consequently, there is considerable interest in developing vaccines that elicit effective antiviral T(CD8+) responses. Generating optimal vaccines ultimately requires rational design based on detailed knowledge of how T(CD8+) are activated in vivo under natural circumstances. Here we review recent progress obtained largely by in vivo studies in mice to understand the mechanistic basis for activation of naive T(CD8+) in virus infections. These studies point the way to detailed understanding and provide some key information for vaccine development, although much remains to be learned to enable truly rational vaccine design.
Yewdell
Jonathan W
JW
Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0440, USA. jyewdell@niaid.nih.gov
Haeryfar
S M Mansour
SM
D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008221:Lymphoid Tissue / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D016207:Cytokines; D014765:Viral Vaccines