title: Proteolytic extraction of salmon oil and PUFA concentration by lipases.
abstract: Commercial proteases (Alcalase, Neutrase, and Flavourzyme) were tested for their ability to release the oil content of marine by-products (salmon heads). The amount of oil (17%) obtained after 2 hours was close to that obtained by the chemical extraction method (20%). Lipolysis of the oil was carried out with Novozym SP398 to obtain a mixture of free fatty acids and acylglycerols (24 hours 45% hydrolysis). The mixture was filtered on a hydrophobic membrane to discriminate between high melting saturated fatty acids and low melting acylglycerols. The sum of total polyunsaturated fatty acids increased from 41.6% in the crude oil to 46.5% in the permeate. The docosahexaenoic acid content increased from 9.9% to 11.6%, and the eicosapentaenoic acid changed from 3.6% to 5.6%. Data from differential scanning calorimetry DSC and from thin layer chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (TLC-FID) differed significantly between permeate and retentate. A re-esterification of the free fatty acids in the permeate with Lipozyme IM was carried out to increase the amount of long chain acylglycerols.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physico-chimie et Génie Alimentaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie et des Industries Alimentaires (ENSAIA), 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France. Michel.Linder@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linder
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fanni
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parmentier
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017756:Aquaculture / Q000379:methods*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D005410:Flame Ionization; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D012474:Salmon; D013381:Subtilisins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D008049:Lipase; D013381:Subtilisins; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C044194:microbial metalloproteinases