title: Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in dogs with babesiosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document changes in glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in dogs with severe or complicated babesiosis; assess relationships among glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in those dogs; and compare clinical and laboratory variables in dogs with and without hypoglycemia and hyperlactatemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 dogs with naturally developing severe or complicated babesiosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples and measurements were obtained before treatment was initiated. Babesiosis was diagnosed by examination of blood smears. Arterial blood pressure measurement, parasite quantification, CBC count, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, venous blood gas analysis, and acid-base determination were performed. Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations were measured in samples of venous blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected a significant negative correlation between glucose and lactate concentrations. Glucose, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations all differed significantly between dogs that died and those that survived. Three of 5 dogs that died had concurrent hypoglycemia, hyperlactatemia, and hyperpyruvatemia. Hypoglycemic dogs differed significantly from normoglycemic dogs with regard to lactate, urea, and bicarbonate concentrations; lactate-to-pyruvate ratio; percentage parasitemia; and PCO2. Dogs with hyperlactatemia differed significantly from normolactatemic dogs with regard to clinical collapse; alanine transaminase activity; concentrations of bilirubin, urea, creatinine, and bicarbonate; percentage parasitemia; and PCO2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism is commonly evident in dogs with severe or complicated babesiosis and is often associated with changes in other clinical and laboratory variables. Significant differences were found between survivors and nonsurvivors. Hypoglycemia should be assessed and aggressively treated in dogs with babesiosis. Lactate concentration can be used as an indicator of disease severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Remo G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Lobetti
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001404:Babesiosis / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid