Tracking functions of cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGK).
The options available for distinguishing the effects of cGMP mediated by cGK versus those mediated by other cGMP targets are discussed and evaluated. These include the unnecessary but often sole reliance on synthetic, small-molecule activators and inhibitors of cGK which are increasingly recognized as deficient in specificity. Other important adjunct options include cGK overexpression using adenoviral vectors and transgenic animals, or use of cGK-deficient systems, i.e. cells which have spontaneously lost cGK during repetitive passaging in cell culture, cells treated with siRNA, or genetically-engineered cGK-deficient mice. Finally, cGK-dependent phosphorylation of substrates such as vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) is described as a useful monitor of cGK presence and activity associated with physiological functions or dysfunctions of signaling pathways.
Lohmann
Suzanne M
SM
Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Univeristy of Wurzburg Medical Clinic, Josef Schneider Str. 2, 97080 Wurzburg, Germany. slohmann@klin-biochem.uni-wuerzburg.de <slohmann@klin-biochem.uni-wuerzburg.de>
Walter
Ulrich
U
D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000502:physiology; D062965:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I; D062967:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D000098662:Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D000098662:Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein; D062965:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type I; D062967:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Type II; D017869:Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; C569718:PRKG1 protein, human; C569729:PRKG2 protein, human; C569720:Prkg1 protein, mouse; C569730:Prkg2 protein, mouse; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D054706:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5; C517381:PDE5A protein, human; C517382:Pde5a protein, mouse; D006152:Cyclic GMP