title: Pancreaticoduodenectomy for advanced gastric cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although pancreaticoduodenectomy has been rarely performed for gastric cancer because of frequent morbidity and mortality, some favorable results after this procedure have been reported recently. Our objective was to present our data that might aid in the selection of patients to undergo this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1970 and 2001, 23 patients who had pancreaticoduodenectomy for gastric cancer with tumor invading the pancreatic head were identified, and they were the subjects of this study. Clinical, operative, and pathological data, and morbidity and mortality rates were collected and analyzed. Survival outcome was also calculated and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five patients underwent this procedure for disease in the gastric remnant, 18 undergoing the procedure for primary tumors. Median operating time was 8 h (range, 6-13 h), and median blood loss was 1600 ml (range, 700-16,000 ml). Regarding extent of gastrectomy, all patients with primary cancer (n = 18) underwent a distal gastrectomy and patients with disease in the gastric remnant (n = 5) underwent a completion gastrectomy. Incurable factors, including paraaortic lymph node metastasis, positive lavage cytology, or peritoneal dissemination were found in 8 patients. The postoperative morbidity rate was 73.9%; however, operation-related death was zero. The overall 5-year survival rate was 34.3%. The 5-year survival rate of the 8 patients with incurable factors was 0%, while that of the 15 patients without incurable factors was 47.4%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If an R0 resection can be achieved by pancreaticoduodenectomy, this procedure should be performed for patients with tumor invading the pancreatic head. Patients with incurable factors should not be considered for pancreaticoduodenectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saka
authors.forename: Satvinder S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mudan
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katai
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasako
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy; D018579:Patient Selection; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome