title: Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment in women with breast cancer: a critique of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review and critique the studies that have investigated chemotherapy-induced impairments in cognitive function in women with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published research articles and textbooks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although studies of breast cancer survivors have found chemotherapy-induced impairments in multiple domains of cognitive function, they are beset with conceptual and methodologic problems. Findings regarding cognitive deficits in women with breast cancer who currently are receiving chemotherapy are even less clear.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although data from published studies suggest that chemotherapy-induced impairments in cognitive function do occur in some women with breast cancer, differences in time since treatment, chemotherapy regimen, menopausal status, and neuropsychological tests used limit comparisons among the various studies. Further studies need to be done before definitive conclusions can be made.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The potential for chemotherapy-induced impairments in cognitive function may influence patients' ability to give informed consent, identify treatment toxicities, learn self-care measures, and perform self-care behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. catherine.jansen@kp.org
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miaskowski
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dodd
authors.forename: Glenna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dowling
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care; D017741:Survivors