title: Effects of limiting the number of active electrodes on Mandarin tone perception in young children using cochlear implants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the short-term effects of varying the number and location of programmed electrodes on Mandarin tone perception in young children using Nucleus CI 24 implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six children using CI 24 implants participated in the study. The Mandarin tone recognition of each subject was assessed using a self-designed word list containing 80 words under 5 different map conditions. The map conditions were: (i) the subject's current map with all functional electrodes; (ii) removing (i.e. not programming) the even-numbered active electrodes; (iii) removing the five most apical electrodes; (iv) removing the six most basal electrodes; and (v) removing all electrodes except the six most apical.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reducing the number of active electrodes caused a small but significant decrease in performance of Mandarin tone perception. However, a relatively high tone perception score (58.1%) could be maintained even when subjects used only six apical electrodes. The location of the electrodes, i.e. apical or basal, did not appear to be important in tone perception. For each individual tone, the scores for tones 1 and 4 were significantly higher than those for tones 2 and 3 for all map conditions. Comparing tone perception with word recognition, reducing the number of active electrodes had a much more negative effect on word recognition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A small but significant decrease in Mandarin tone perception was observed when the number of active electrodes was reduced in children using CI 24 implants. The location of the electrode is not important in tone recognition. Moreover, tone recognition is far more resistant than word recognition to the negative effects of reducing the number of active programmable electrodes, possibly because it relies mostly on temporal envelopes while word recognition requires more spectral details.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. liuent@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Tien-Chen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Hsiao-Ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Chen-
authors.forename: Hung-Ching
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013067:Speech Perception