title: Transformation of difluorinated phenols by Penicillium frequentans Bi 7/2.
abstract: The Penicillium frequentans strain Bi 7/2, using phenol as a sole source of carbon and energy, transformed the fluorinated phenols 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5- and 3,4-difluorophenol rapidly. After growth on phenol, resting mycelia of the fungus converted the difluorophenols completely at an initial concentration of 0.5 mM within 6 hours. The corresponding difluorinated catechols were found to be intermediates of all difluorophenols investigated. A relatively unspecific phenol hydroxylase catalyzed this hydroxylation step and showed activities towards all difluorophenols tested. One difluorocatechol was formed from each difluorophenol substituted with fluorine in the ortho-position, whereas two catechols were formed from 3,4-difluorophenol, due to its two vacant ortho-positions. A partial defluorination (50-77%) was observed in all cases.
authors.affiliation: Universität Jena, Institut für Technische Chemie, Lessingstrasse 12, 07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wunderwald
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hofrichter
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kreisell
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fritsche
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002474:Cell-Free System; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005459:Fluorides / Q000378:metabolism; D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated / Q000378:metabolism*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D006845:Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated; D010636:Phenols; D005459:Fluorides