title: Retinal toxicity during pegylated alpha-interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis C: a multifocal electroretinogram investigation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ocular side-effects in the form of retinal ischaemia and haemorrhages have been reported in patients undergoing standard alpha-interferon therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the ocular impact of therapy with sustained release pegylated alpha-2a interferon (Pegasys) for chronic hepatitis C.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients receiving Pegasys and ribavirin and 10 healthy volunteers were recruited. Patients underwent full ophthalmic investigations and multifocal electroretinogram testing at baseline, at regular intervals during treatment and post-treatment. The multifocal electroretinogram maps retinal function. Responses were compared with sequential recordings from healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had normal clinical ophthalmic investigations at baseline. During therapy a single patient experienced central visual disturbance lasting 24 h with no prolonged ill effect. No other patient was aware of any change in vision. Fundal abnormalities appeared in five patients during treatment. The multifocal electroretinogram showed reductions in retinal function in five patients. Nine of 10 patients exhibited abnormalities on at least one multifocal electroretinogram or fundoscopic investigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subclinical retinal toxicity during anti-viral therapy with pegylated alpha-interferon and ribavirin was frequent in this study and it suggests that patients should be warned of this risk and monitored during therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Physics and Bioengineering, Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK. 9402641c@student.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spence
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gavin
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mills
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007511:Ischemia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012166:Retinal Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012171:Retinal Vessels; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D014794:Visual Fields
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012254:Ribavirin; C100416:peginterferon alfa-2a