title: In vivo uptake of [11C]choline does not correlate with cell proliferation in human prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer among US men. Positron emission tomography (PET) with [(11)C]choline has been shown to be useful in the staging and detection of prostate cancer. The background of the increased uptake of choline in human prostate cancer is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to prospectively investigate the relationship between the [(11)C]choline uptake and the cell proliferation in human prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prostate cancer tissue from 18 patients who had undergone a radical prostatectomy for histologically proven disease was studied. An [(11)C]choline PET scan was performed prior to surgery. Post-prostatectomy specimens were prepared and stained with the antibody MIB-1 for Ki-67, which depicts proliferation. Two independent observers counted the amount of stained nuclei per specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostate cancer showed Ki-67 staining and high uptake of [(11)C]choline. Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between [(11)C]choline uptake and Ki-67 staining (R=0.23; P=0.34). No significant relationships were found between the uptake of [(11)C]choline (SUV) and either preoperative PSA (R=0.14; P=0.55) or Gleason sum score (R=0.28; P=0.25).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo uptake of [(11)C]choline does not correlate with cell proliferation in human prostate cancer as depicted by Ki-67. Our results suggest that a process other than proliferation is responsible for the uptake of [(11)C]choline in prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Groningen University Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands. a.j.breeusma@chir.azg.nl
authors.forename: Anthonius J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Breeuwsma
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pruim
authors.forename: Maud M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Jongen
authors.forename: Albert J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Suurmeijer
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vaalburg
authors.forename: Rien J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Nijman
authors.forename: Igle J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002794:Choline / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D002794:Choline