title: Staging bladder carcinoma by three-dimensional ultrasound rendering.
abstract: Organ-confined staging for bladder cancer has major impact on further treatment. Most imaging techniques for this purpose are insufficient. We, therefore, assessed the value and the limitations of a new diagnostic tool, the 3-D ultrasound (US) rendering, to distinguish invasive from noninvasive bladder cancers. A total of 63 patients underwent 3-D US of the bladder before transurethral resection or radical cystectomy. The US findings were compared with the pathologic stages of the transurethral resection material or the cystectomy specimens. Superficial (pTa) carcinomas were correctly staged in 66% by 3-D US. Lamina propria infiltrating (pT1) were correctly staged in 83% and the quota of correct staging of infiltrating carcinomas (>pT1) by 3-D rendering was 100%. The overall accuracy was 79%. Three-dimensional US rendering is most valuable to discriminate between superficial stages <pT1 and muscle invasive carcinoma >pT1. This new technique might improve staging of bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nesslauer
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hautmann
authors.forename: Hans-Werner
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Gottfried
mesh_terms: D015653:Cystectomy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D019042:Muscle Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery