title: High relative fat-free mass is important for maintaining serum albumin levels in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In patients with liver cirrhosis, hypoalbuminemia causes edema and ascites, and a reduction in the quality of life. Since musculature is catabolized to supply amino acids for albumin synthesis in malnutritional cirrhotic patients, muscular volume is hypothesized to play an important role in albumin production. Therefore, we investigated the correlation between serum albumin levels and the fat-free mass (FFM) in cirrhotic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-seven patients (26 males and 31 females) with compensated liver cirrhosis were evaluated. Patients with edema or ascites were excluded from the study. Healthy volunteers (n = 104; 48 males and 56 females) were also evaluated as controls. FFM was measured using 5-500 kHz multifrequency bioelectric impedance analysis. To minimize the difference in FFM distribution between males and females, we introduced a new marker, relative FFM (rFFM), which represents the ratio of FFM in a patient relative to that in a volunteer of the same height. Following FFM measurement, the serum albumin levels of patients were assayed monthly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In patients with active cirrhosis (alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) > 50 U/L), both albumin (the difference between maximum and minimum levels) and the standard deviation of albumin levels (SD-albumin) during the observation period showed a significant correlation with rFFM. Multiple linear regression analysis using variables such as rFFM, platelet number, and serum cholesterol levels, choline esterase, albumin, bilirubin, and ALT revealed that rFFM and ALT were significant and independent factors that influenced albumin or SD-albumin in cirrhotic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that cirrhotic patients with high rFFM showed less of a decrease in albumin levels, and that the muscle volume is one of the most important factors for maintaining serum albumins level in active cirrhosis. Exercise and protein-rich nutrition at the early stage of liver cirrhosis may be advisable for maintaining or increasing muscular volume.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotoh
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamuta
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Chitose
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Munechika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enjoji
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawata
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D034141:Hypoalbuminemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012709:Serum Albumin