title: Decrease in excitability of LG following habituation of the crayfish escape reaction.
abstract: Crayfish escapes from threatening stimuli to the abdomen by tailflipping upwards and forwards. This lateral giant (LG)-mediated escape reaction habituates readily upon repetitive sensory stimulation. Using an isolated abdominal nerve cord preparation, we have analyzed the change in LG activity by applying additional sensory stimulation after different periods following habituation to characterize the retention of LG habituation. Results show that the LG mediated response habituates more quickly, but the retention time is shorter, as repetitive sensory stimulation is applied at progressively shorter inter-stimulus time intervals. The spike response of LG recovers quickly, within several minutes after habituation, but they fail to spike when an additional stimulus is applied after specific long periods following habituation. The critical period of the delay for this decrease in excitability of LG is dependent on the inter-stimulus time interval of the initial repetitive stimulus. As the inter-stimulus interval became longer, the delay needed for decrease in excitability became shorter. Furthermore, the local injection of 10(-6) mol l-1 octopamine into the neuropil just following habituation promotes the achievement of decrease in excitability. No effects were observed when 10(-6) mol l-1 serotonin and tyramine were injected. These results suggested octopamine promotes decrease in excitability of LG following habituation.
authors.affiliation: Animal Behavior and Intelligence, Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060, Japan. arakim@sci.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagayama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044002:Bryophyta / Q000502:physiology*; D004924:Escape Reaction; D005260:Female; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000502:physiology; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D012684:Sensory Thresholds