title: The early recovery of cognitive function after total-hip replacement under hypotensive epidural anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recovery of cognitive function immediately after major surgery has not been previously reported, partly because of residual drug effects and pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in cognitive function were assessed using the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), which was performed preoperatively, and 1 and 2 hours after total-hip replacement performed under hypotensive epidural anesthesia. In this case series, patients were sedated with propofol alone and had a lumbar plexus block performed at the end of surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SCWT was completed in 52 of 55 patients at either 1 or 2 hours after surgery. A significant reduction in cognitive function was noted 1 hour after surgery but a return toward baseline occured 2 hours after surgery. Age older than 70 years adversely affected recovery of cognitive function, but neither the preoperative diagnosis of hypertension nor the degree or duration of intraoperative hypotension (mean arterial pressure less than 45 mmHg) influenced cognitive function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Stroop Color and Word Test can be used to assess change in cognitive function immediately after surgery. Total-hip replacement performed under regional anesthesia with propofol sedation enables recovery of cognitive function (as assessed by SCWT) 2 hours after surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA. sharrockn@hss.edu
authors.forename: Nigel E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Sharrock
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Selena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Sculco
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Salvati
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000523:psychology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000523:psychology; D015742:Propofol
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D015742:Propofol