title: Cognitive improvement after 6 weeks of soy supplements in postmenopausal women is limited to frontal lobe function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of 6 weeks of treatment with soy supplements on mood, menopausal symptoms, and cognition in postmenopausal women not taking other forms of hormone therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, placebo-matched parallel groups study, 50 postmenopausal women (aged 51-66 y) were randomly allocated to receive daily treatment with a soy supplement (Novasoy, 60 mg total isoflavone equivalents/day) or matching placebo capsules. They were tested at baseline before treatment began and after 6 weeks of treatment in tests of attention, memory, and frontal lobe function, and completed questionnaires to assess sleepiness, mood, and menopausal symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 weeks of treatment, there was a significant (P < 0.02) reduction in somatic menopausal symptoms in the group taking soy supplements, but there were no other significant effects of soy on menopausal symptoms or mood. On the test of nonverbal short-term memory, the soy group showed greater improvement than the placebo group (P < 0.03), but there were no effects of soy on long-term memory, category generation, or sustained attention. However, the soy treatment produced significantly better performance on the two tests of frontal lobe function, those of mental flexibility (simple rule reversal, P < 0.05; complex rule reversal, P < 0.03) and of planning ability (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the main improvement after 6 weeks of soy supplementation was in frontal lobe function. Significant improvements in the same three measures of frontal lobe function were previously found after 12 weeks of soy supplements in postmenopausal women. The effects of soy on memory seem less robust.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroscience, Hodgkin Building, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK.
authors.forename: Sandra E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: File
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hartley
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elsabagh
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wiseman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008517:Phytotherapy; D017698:Postmenopause; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D048789:Phytoestrogens; D030262:Soybean Proteins