title: Major depression and risk of depressive symptomatology associated with short-term and low-dose interferon-alpha treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study is to identify early patients who are at-risk for major depression (MD) induced by interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and evaluate the response of depressive symptoms to antidepressants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six consecutive patients were treated with IFN-alpha. Psychiatric evaluations were performed prior to, and at 1 and 2 months after onset of therapy and upon completion of the study. Diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV criteria, and the severity of depressive symptoms was determined by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (HDRSS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 36 patients studied, 7 (19%) had MD before IFN-alpha treatment, 6 of which manifested a worsening of the depressive symptomatology during treatment. Of the remaining 29 patients, 9 (31%) developed MD during treatment. The median time required for the appearance or worsening of the depressive symptoms was 15 days (range 7-25). The median HDRSS before IFN-alpha in the 36 patients was 3 (range 1-20), whereas after 1 month of therapy, it was 10 (range 1-24; P=.000004). There was a strong positive correlation in the HDRSS before and 1 month after the initiation of treatment (r=.863). Of the 14 patients with a HDRSS of 1-2 before IFN-alpha treatment, only 1 (7%) developed MD, whereas of the 15 patients with a score >3, 8 (53%) developed MD. Antidepressants resulted in a decrease of the HDRSS to the IFN-alpha pretreatment values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One third of those treated with IFN-alpha developed MD. The HDRSS before treatment reveals the high- and low-risk patients for developing MD. Psychiatric evaluation should be performed prior to IFN-alpha treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, General University Hospital, University of Patras, 265 04 Rion, Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Stavroula
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beratis
authors.forename: Aggeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Katrivanou
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Georgiou
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Monastirli
authors.forename: Efstathia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pasmatzi
authors.forename: Philippos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gourzis
authors.forename: Dionysios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsambaos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003863:Depression / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha