title: The effects of fluoxetine and buspirone on self-injurious and stereotypic behavior in adult male rhesus macaques.
abstract: The effects of two serotonergic agents--fluoxetine, a serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor, and buspirone, a 5-HT 1a agonist--on rates of self-injurious and stereotypic behavior were examined in 15 adult male Macaca mulatta. All animals received a placebo for 2 weeks followed by either buspirone or fluoxetine for 12 weeks. Behavior was monitored using a focal sampling technique throughout the study and for 2 weeks post-study. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples and body weights were obtained pre-study, at the ends of placebo and treatment phases, and post-study. Fluoxetine and buspirone were significantly effective in reducing rates of self-biting during treatment weeks 1 to 8 and self-directed stereotypic behavior during weeks 5 to 12 and post-treatment. No significant effect of either treatment on hair-plucking, stereotypic pacing, saluting, or head tossing was identified. The duration of neutral behavior increased, and rates of scratching and yawning decreased in the buspirone-treated condition. In the fluoxetine-treated condition, rates of yawning, scratching, and self-directed grooming were higher overall compared with those of buspirone-treated animals, and rates of scratching increased significantly (P < 0.05) in weeks 9 to 12; these findings suggest that animals in the fluoxetine-treated condition experienced higher levels of anxiety throughout the study. In both treatment conditions, concentrations of CSF 5-HIAA (5-HT metabolite) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than placebo concentrations. Fluoxetine and buspirone may be efficacious for treatment of self-injurious and self-directed stereotypic behavior in macaques. Further studies are required to determine the optimal dosages and treatment length.
authors.affiliation: University of Louisiana at Lafayette-New Iberia Research Center, 4401 W. Admiral Doyle Drive, New Iberia, Louisiana 70560, USA.
authors.forename: M Babette
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Fontenot
authors.forename: E Eugene
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Padgett
authors.forename: Amy M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dupuy
authors.forename: Cheryl R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Paolo B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: De Petrillo
authors.forename: J Dee
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Higley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight; D002065:Buspirone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D011897:Random Allocation; D016728:Self-Injurious Behavior; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D005473:Fluoxetine; D012701:Serotonin; D006897:Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; D002065:Buspirone