title: Importance of adequate immunosuppressive therapy for the recovery of patients with "life-threatening" severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatitis B virus (HBV) re-activation often occurs spontaneously or after withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Severe exacerbation, sometimes developing into fulminant hepatic failure, is at high risk of mortality. The efficacy of corticosteroid therapy in "clinically severe" exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B has not been well demonstrated. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of early introduction of high-dose corticosteroid therapy in patients with life-threatening severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients, 14 men and 8 women, were defined as "severe" exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B using uniform criteria and enrolled in this study. Eleven patients were treated with corticosteroids at 60 mg or more daily with or without anti-viral drugs within 10 d after the diagnosis of severe disease ("early high-dose" group) and 11 patients were either treated more than 10 d or untreated with corticosteroids ("non-early high-dose" group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age, male-to-female ratio, mean prothrombin time (PT) activity, alanine transaminase (ALT) level, total bilirubin level, positivity of HBeAg, mean IgM-HBc titer, and mean HBV DNA polymerase activity did not differ between the two groups. Ten of 11 patients of the "early high-dose" group survived, while only 2 of 11 patients of the "non-early high-dose" group survived (P<0.001). During the first 2 wk after the introduction of corticosteroids, improvements in PT activities and total bilirubin levels were observed in the "early high-dose" group. Both ALT levels and HBV DNA polymerase levels fell in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The introduction of high-dose corticosteroid can reverse deterioration in patients with "clinically life-threatening" severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B, when used in the early stage of illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yokosuka
authors.forename: Hiroshige
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanda
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saisho
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009336:Necrosis; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011239:Prednisolone