title: Acrylamide analysis: assessment of results from six rounds of Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) proficiency testing.
abstract: Six proficiency tests have now been completed in an ongoing program of the UK Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme (FAPAS) for the analysis of acrylamide in a range of food matrixes. Homogeneous test material samples were requested by laboratories throughout the world, with 29 to 45 submitting results for each test. Results were analyzed by appropriate statistical procedures, and z-scores were awarded for reported values. In the absence of both legislation and collaborative trial data, the target standard deviation was derived from the Horwitz equation, although it is acknowledged that there is a need to establish a "fit for purpose" target standard deviation specifically for acrylamide analysis. Participants were encouraged to use the analytical method routinely used in their own laboratory and to provide details of their procedure. Close examination of the data submitted indicates that performance is generally acceptable in terms of accuracy. There is no significant difference between results submitted by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography (GC and LC) methods, and no method dependency on the use of internal standards or sample size. However, choice of extraction solvent may be important, with indications that plain water is an acceptable extraction method. There is evidence from the most recent test that direct (underivatized) GC methodology may present problems, but more data are required and this aspect will be monitored in the continuing proficiency testing program.
authors.affiliation: Central Science Laboratory, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom. l.owen@csl.gov.uk
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Antony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D020106:Acrylamide; D000178:Acrylamides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000737:chemistry; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D002523:Edible Grain; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D007753:Laboratories; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011786:Quality Control; D012015:Reference Standards; D012106:Research; D012107:Research Design; D013997:Time Factors; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin
chemical_list: D000178:Acrylamides; D002241:Carbohydrates; D020106:Acrylamide; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin; D005990:Glycerol