title: Exercise training and supplementation with carnitine and antioxidants increases carnitine stores, triglyceride utilization, and endurance in exercising rats.
abstract: This study evaluated the effects of supplementation of carnitine and antioxidants on lipids, carnitine concentrations, and exercise endurance time in both trained and untrained rats as compared to non-supplemented rats. Thirty-two male SD rats, age 7 wk were divided into four groups according to exercise training and modified AIN-76 diets: NTNS (non-trained non-supplemented), NTS (non-trained supplemented), LTNS (long-trained non-supplemented) and LTS (long-trained supplemented). The trained rats were run on a treadmill for 60 min per day (10(0) incline, 20 m/min for 8 wk). Carnitine (0.5%/diet) and vitamin E (0.5 mg/g b.w.) were supplemented in rat diets and vitamin C (0.5 mg/g b.w.) and melatonin (1 microg/g b.w.) were administered into the stomachs of the rats. LTNS and LTS rats had significantly lower serum total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol and liver triglycerides, but had higher serum HDL-cholesterol. There were no changes in exercise endurance time by supplementation in untrained animals, however endurance times were longer in LTS animals than in LTNS. The supplementation and training tended to increase carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-I) activities, although the differences were not statistically significant. Likewise, CPT-I mRNA levels were higher in both supplemented and exercise trained rats. These results suggest that supplementation of carnitine and antioxidants may improve lipid profiles and exercise ability in exercise-trained rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, Korea.
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Youn-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Cha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000201:enzymology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D010807:Physical Endurance; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008055:Lipids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014280:Triglycerides; D014810:Vitamin E; D002784:Cholesterol; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D008550:Melatonin; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D002331:Carnitine