title: Hypertension increases the participation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids from cyclooxygenase-2 in phenylephrine responses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to analyse whether hypertension alters the involvement of cyclooxygenase-2-derived mediators in phenylephrine-induced vasoconstrictor responses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vascular reactivity experiments were performed in aortic segments from normotensive, Wistar-Kyoto, and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR); protein expression was measured by western blot and/or immunohistochemistry, and prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha), 8-isoprostane and prostacyclin release were determined by enzyme immunoassay commercial kits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protein synthesis inhibitor dexamethasone (1 micromol/l), the non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 micromol/l), the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS 398 (1 micromol/l), and the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 (TP) receptor antagonist SQ 29,548 (1 micromol/l), reduced the concentration-response curves to phenylephrine more in segments from hypertensive than from normotensive rats; however, the thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthase inhibitors furegrelate (10 micromol/l) and OKY 046 (1 and 10 micromol/l) had no effect in either strain. Removing endothelium or adding dexamethasone almost abolished the NS 398 effect. Cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression, which was reduced by dexamethasone, was higher in aorta from hypertensive animals. In both strains cyclooxygenase-2 was localized mainly in endothelial cells and adventitial fibroblasts. 13,14-Dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha, 6-keto-PGF1alpha and 8-isoprostane levels were greater in the medium from hypertensive than from normotensive rats; NS 398 decreased levels of the three metabolites studied only in the medium from SHR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PGF2alpha and 8-isoprostane seem to be involved in the response to phenylephrine in rat aorta; this involvement is greater in hypertensive rats, probably due to a higher endothelial induction of cyclooxygenase-2.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica bDepartamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Briones
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Balfagón
authors.forename: María J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Alonso
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salaices
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D011453:Prostaglandins; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D010656:Phenylephrine; C008228:15-keto-13,14-dihydroprostaglandin F2alpha; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D015237:Dinoprost; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases