title: Immediate drug release from solid oral dosage forms.
abstract: Fast drug release from solid dosage forms requires a very fast contact of the vast majority of the drug particles with the solvent; this, however, is particularly delayed in tablets and granulations. Starch and cellulose substances favor the matrix disintegration during the starting phase and the generation of the effective dissolution surface of the drug substance, thereby. To investigate the very complex interrelation between the functionality of commonly used excipients and the structural effects of the production processes, wettability, porosity, water uptake, and drug release rates of several ketoprofen-excipient preparations (powder blends, granulations, tablets) were measured. Significant linear correlation between these parameters, however, was not achieved; only qualitative tendencies of the effects could be detected. In consequence, a general mathematical model describing the mechanistic steps of drug dissolution from solid dosage forms in a fully correct way was not realized. However, the time-dependent change of the effective dissolution surface follows stochastic models: a new dissolution equation is based on the differential Noyes-Whitney equation combined with a distribution function, e.g. the lognormal distribution, and numerically solved with the software system EASY-FIT by fitting to the observations. This new model coincides with the data to a considerably higher degree of accuracy than the Weibull function alone, particularly during the starting, matrix disintegration, and end phases. In combination with a procedure continuously quantifying the dissolved drug, this mathematical model is suitable for the characterization and optimization of immediate drug release by the choice and modification of excipients and unit operations. The interdependence of some characteristic effects of excipients and production methods is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbruecken, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schreiner
authors.forename: Ulrich F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Loth
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004339:Drug Compounding; D005079:Excipients; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007700:Kinetics; D015233:Models, Statistical; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016062:Porosity; D011208:Powders; D012995:Solubility; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013229:Stearic Acids; D013499:Surface Properties; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004304:Dosage Forms; D005079:Excipients; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D011208:Powders; D013229:Stearic Acids; D014867:Water; C031183:stearic acid; D007660:Ketoprofen