title: Rosiglitazone induces interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in interleukin-1beta-stimulated rat synovial fibroblasts via a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta-dependent mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the potency of 2 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15-deoxy-PGJ(2)) and rosiglitazone, to modulate the expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in rat synovial fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of messenger RNA for IL-1Ra and PPAR isotypes (alpha, beta/delta, gamma) were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction in rat synovial fibroblasts exposed to 10 ng/ml of IL-1beta. PPAR levels were assessed by Western blotting and secreted IL-1Ra levels by immunoassay. The potency of PPARgamma agonists and the PPARbeta/delta agonist GW-501516 on IL-1Ra levels was tested in the range of 1-10 microM and at 100 pM, respectively. The contribution of PPARgamma to the effects of rosiglitazone on IL-1Ra secretion was examined either by its overexpression or by inhibition using wild-type or dominant-negative constructs and the antagonist GW-9662 (10 microM), respectively. The dominant-negative strategy was also performed to investigate the possible contribution of PPARbeta/delta and NF-kappaB activation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1beta-induced IL-1Ra production was increased by 10 microM rosiglitazone but was reduced dose-dependently by 15-deoxy-PGJ(2). Both agonists lowered IL-1beta secretion, but rosiglitazone alone reduced the imbalance of IL-1beta/IL-1Ra toward basal levels. Enhancement of IL-1beta-induced IL-1Ra production by rosiglitazone was not affected by PPARgamma overexpression or by its inhibition with dominant-negative PPARgamma or GW-9662. Inhibition of NF-kappaB was also ineffective against rosiglitazone but abolished the stimulating effect of IL-1beta on IL-1Ra. All PPAR isotypes were expressed constitutively in rat synoviocytes, but PPARgamma decreased dramatically upon IL-1beta exposure, whereas PPARbeta/delta remained stable. Dominant-negative PPARbeta/delta abolished the enhancement of IL-1Ra by rosiglitazone, whereas GW-501516 reproduced the effect of rosiglitazone on IL-1Ra secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rosiglitazone stimulates IL-1Ra production by a PPARbeta/delta mechanism in activated rat synovial fibroblasts, further contributing to its potential antiarthritic properties and opening new perspectives for the modulation of inflammatory genes by specific PPAR agonists in articular cells.
authors.affiliation: UMR 7561-CNRS-Université Henri Poincaré Nancy 1, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boyault
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sebillaud
authors.forename: Meriem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koufany
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Francois
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Netter
authors.forename: Jean-Yves
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Jouzeau
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Terlain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000276:immunology; D007719:Knee Joint; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D047494:PPAR delta / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D048068:PPAR-beta / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000187:drug effects; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C097240:15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D047494:PPAR delta; D047495:PPAR gamma; D048068:PPAR-beta; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D015230:Prostaglandin D2