title: [Long-term use of Profiler in patients with dialysis intolerance: 8 months follow-up].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A new method of profiled dialysis has been set up for many years in the Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation at the University of Bologna. This profiled dialysis is based on the use of a new kinetic mathematical model, in collaboration with the Faculty of Engineering at the University of Bologna, for the elaboration of individual sodium and ultrafiltration profiles.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The profiled dialysis aims are: 1) to stabilize the intradialytic blood volume, boosting the refilling of plasma water from the intracellular and the extravascular to the extracellular/intravascular compartments, to balance the ultrafiltration; 2) to counteract the disequilibrium syndrome reducing the shift of water from the extra to the intracellular compartment. The pre-dialysis elaboration of profiles is completely automatic and supported by a computerized programme, Profiler, which has been included in the software of the dialysis machine Bellco Formula 2000 Plus.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective and multicenter study, this profiled dialysis, performed according to the Profiler, was continuously applied, for an 8-month period, in a group of 13 hemodialysis (HD) patients with an intolerance to previous dialysis treatment. During the study, the following parameters were evaluated, comparatively, with the patient's basal treatment: a) sodium and water balance; b) percentage incidence of intradialytic complications such as hypotensive events, cramps, headache, and vomiting and; c) metabolic and nutritional status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results evaluated in comparison with the patient's previous dialysis treatments, demonstrated: a) plasma sodium from 136.8 +/- 3 to 136.8 +/- 1.7 mEq/L (p=ns), dry body weight from 72.2 +/- 19.3 to 71.7 +/- 19.5 kg (p=ns), heart index from 3.7 +/- 0.7 to 3.1 +/- 0.5 L/min/m2 (p=ns), reactance from 5.3 +/- 15 to 4.9 +/- 11 ohm (p<0.05); b) incidence of intradialytic hypotensive events reduced from 64 to 4% (p<0.001), cramps reduced from 8 to 1% (p<0.01); c) plasma albumin from 3.5 +/- 0.2 to 3.7 +/- 0.3 g/dL (p=ns), Kt/Veq from 1.3 +/- 0.1 to 1.36 +/- 0.2 (p=ns).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients treated with profiled dialysis had a higher stability of intradialytic blood pressure (BP) achieving a reduction in the incidence of disequilibrium syndrome symptoms, in comparison with previous treatment. These clinical intradialytic improvements were not correlated to clinical, instrumental or biochemical indexes of sodium-water overload nor to a worst dialysis adequacy and nutritional state.
authors.affiliation: Centro Trapianti di Rene, Policlinico Universitario S. Orsola, Bologna. emodia@orsola-malpighi.med.unibo.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colì
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baraldi
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Soverini
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fosco
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cristino
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ursino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Feliciangeli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Emiliani
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Lorenzo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fusaroli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marinangeli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stefoni
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000592:standards*; D012984:Software; D013997:Time Factors