title: Comparative sublethal toxicity of nine pesticides on olfactory learning performances of the honeybee Apis mellifera.
abstract: Using a conditioned proboscis extension response (PER) assay, honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) can be trained to associate an odor stimulus with a sucrose reward. Previous studies have shown that observations of conditioned PER were of interest for assessing the behavioral effects of pesticides on the honeybee. In the present study, the effects of sublethal concentrations of nine pesticides on learning performances of worker bees subjected to the PER assay were estimated and compared. Pesticides were tested at three concentrations. The highest concentration of each pesticide corresponded to the median lethal dose value (48-h oral LD50), received per bee and per day, divided by 20. Reduced learning performances were observed for bees surviving treatment with fipronil, deltamethrin, endosulfan, and prochloraz. A lack of behavioral effects after treatment with lambda-cyalothrin, cypermethrin, tau-fluvalinate, triazamate, and dimethoate was recorded. No-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs) for the conditioned PER were derived for the studied pesticides. Our study shows that the PER assay can be used for estimating sublethal effects of pesticides on bees. Furthermore, comparisons of sensitivity as well as the estimation of NOECs, useful for regulatory purposes, are possible.
authors.affiliation: Association de Coordination Technique Agricole, Maison des Agriculteurs, La Tour de Salvagny, France. axel.decourtye@acta.asso.fr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Decourtye
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Devillers
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Genecque
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Le Menach
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Budzinski
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cluzeau
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pham-Delègue
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012903:Smell
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides