title: Effect of surface sealant and staining on the fluorescence of resin composites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Natural teeth and several commercial resin composites emit a strong blue fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light, which makes teeth whiter and brighter in daylight. Surface sealant and staining may change the fluorescence of resin composites.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of surface sealant application and staining/stain removal on the fluorescence of resin composites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spectral reflectance and color of 4 resin composites (Filtek Supreme, Gradia Direct, Simile, and Vit-l-escence) were measured with/without application of a surface sealant (BisCover) at baseline and after staining/stain removal (n = 5). A UV filter was used to exclude or include the UV component of illumination. Fluorescence spectra were calculated by subtracting the spectral reflectance values of the UV component excluded condition from those of UV included condition. For staining, specimens were sequentially immersed in mucin, chlorhexidine, and a tea solution. Stain removal was performed by ultrasonic cleaning and PBS (phosphate buffered saline) immersion. Color difference (DeltaE 00) by the UV component was calculated based on CIEDE2000 color system. Delta E 00 due to staining and stain removal were also calculated. Changes in color and fluorescence by the staining and stain removal were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance (alpha=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sealant application decreased fluorescence of resin composites. After staining, fluorescence was not detected except for 1 composite. After stain removal, a decrease in fluorescence from the baseline was observed, and 2 composites showed significant decrease ( P <.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluorescence of resin composites decreased or disappeared after surface sealant application and/or staining procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Korea. ykleedm@snu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Yong-Keun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Huan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000737:chemistry*; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000737:chemistry; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000737:chemistry; D003116:Color; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D009077:Mucins / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013662:Tea; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; C481141:BisCover; D003188:Composite Resins; C474035:Filtek Supreme; C470230:Gradia; D009077:Mucins; D019279:Resin Cements; D013662:Tea; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002710:Chlorhexidine