title: A direct comparison of presenting characteristics of depressed outpatients from primary vs. specialty care settings: preliminary findings from the STAR*D clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No study has directly compared the clinical features of depression for patients entering clinical trials using identical enrollment criteria at primary care (PC) and specialty care (SC) settings. The Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study (http://www.star-d.org) provides a unique opportunity to provide this comparison for patients with a major depressive disorder (MDD) requiring treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report baseline data for the first 1500 patients enrolled in this trial involving 41 clinic sites (18 PC, 23 SC). Broadly inclusive eligibility criteria required that patients have a DSM-IV diagnosis of nonpsychotic MDD, have not failed an adequate medication trial during their current episode and score>or=14 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D17). Primary outcomes included the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician-Rated (IDS-C30) and the HAM-D17.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specialty care and PC patients had equivalent degrees of depressive severity (IDS-C30=35.8; HAM-D17=20.4). Specialty care patients were almost twice as likely to report a prior suicide attempt than PC patients (21% vs. 12%, P<.0001) and slightly less likely to endorse suicidal ideation in the past week (45.0% vs. 50.8%, P=.006). The only other distinguishing core symptoms were a slightly lower likelihood of PC patients endorsing depressed mood (95.2% vs. 97.7%, P=.032) or anhedonia (66.3% vs. 70.7%, P=.042, IDS-C30) and a lower likelihood of PC patients endorsing weight loss (IDS-C30). HAM-D17 results were identical.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressive severity was not different, and symptomatic presentations did not differ substantially. Major depressive disorder is more similar than different among patients at SC and PC settings. Thus, similar clinical and research methods for screening, detecting and measuring treatment outcomes can be applied in both settings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7160, USA. bngaynes@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Bradley N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Gaynes
authors.forename: A John
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: Madhukar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trivedi
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Wisniewski
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Balasubramani
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klinkman
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Warden
authors.forename: Robert K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Golden
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology