title: Effect of stress ratio on the fatigue behaviour of compact bone.
abstract: During the fatigue process of bone, cracks generally initiate from the inherent defects existing in the bone. The fatigue lives of bone specimens at different stress levels as well as at different stress ratios R were evaluated using a computer simulation in which the crack propagation behaviour initiated from the inherent defects in the bone are herein considered. The S-N curves as well as the distributions of fatigue lives obtained by the simulations accurately conform with the experimental results. With the strain threshold epsilon(max) representing fatigue failure of the bone specimen, the values of 1500 microepsilon for R = -1, 2500 microepsilon for R = 0.1 and 4000 microepsilon for R = 10 were extrapolated from the simulations. These values conform with experimental values reported in the literature. Such conformity indicates that the strain threshold for fatigue failure is associated with the threshold value for crack propagation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyama University, Toyama, Japan. ishi@eng.toyama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ota
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fleck
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goshima
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eifler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D019245:Compressive Strength; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004548:Elasticity; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008954:Models, Biological; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013718:Tensile Strength