title: Primary lymphoma of the cervix uteri: a diagnostic challenge. Report of two cases and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary non Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the cervix and vagina is uncommon; the incidence of uterine lymphoma is estimated to be less than 0.5% of all NHL. Patients regularly present with vaginal bleeding. The diagnosis is made on biopsy but this can be difficult on small samples which may not be representative of the lesion. Immunohistochemical analysis and often molecular techniques are required to confirm the diagnosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report two cases of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the cervix. In the first case, the diagnosis could only be made on repeat biopsies. The second case presented as a cervical polyp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gynecologists should be aware of this rare clinical entity in order to apply the proper treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Renterghem
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Paepe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van den Broecke
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bourgain
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Serreyn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014751:Vindesine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D015251:Epirubicin; D014750:Vincristine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D014751:Vindesine; D011241:Prednisone