title: Reassessment of ecotoxicities of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane in Japanese quail under the OECD draft new avian one-generation reproduction test guideline.
abstract: Ecotoxicological hazards of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT) were investigated by a one-generation reproduction study using Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) under an Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) draft new test guideline 206 following acute and subchronic toxicity studies. In the subchronic feeding toxicity study, tremors, convulsions, and deaths were observed with a clear sex difference, males being more susceptible than females. The estimated total number of sperm tended to decrease in a dose-dependent manner at the end of 6-week treatment. In the one-generation reproduction study conducted at dose levels of 0, 6, 30, and 150 ppm, the estimated total number of sperm tended to decrease in a dose-dependent manner with a significant difference at 150 ppm. Tremors were observed in the majority of hatchlings in the 150 ppm group and at lower incidences in the 30 ppm group. Significantly high mortality rate in chicks persisted from treatment week 3-6 in the 150 ppm group and at treatment weeks 4 and 5 in the 30 ppm group. Despite of these severe adverse effects of p,p'-DDT on hatchlings and chicks, fertilization, egg laying, eggshell thickness or embryonic development was hardly impaired by p,p'-DDT or its metabolites. From these results, it appears that the OECD draft new avian one-generation reproduction test guideline is effective for ecological hazard assessment of chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Management and Testing, Toxicology Division, Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Ibaraki, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ebino
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujie
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Harada
authors.forename: Machiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saka
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koma
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Odanaka
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Teramoto
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D003370:Coturnix; D003634:DDT / Q000633:toxicity*; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000196:embryology; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D008297:Male; D010060:Ovulation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012737:Sex Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D014202:Tremor / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D003634:DDT