title: Temporary gastric electrical stimulation with orally or PEG-placed electrodes in patients with drug refractory gastroparesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has been shown to be efficacious for drug refractory gastroparesis, but GES requires surgery. Placement of temporary GES electrodes endoscopically (ENDOstim) or via a PEG (PEGstim) is feasible, thereby allowing rapid assessment and comparison of temporary use (TEMP) with permanent (PERM) implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive patients with gastroparesis had TEMP electrodes placed (6 ENDOstim, 14 PEGstim). TEMP alone and TEMP vs. PERM placement of GES devices in 13 of 20 patients were compared via the following: average vomiting frequency score (VFS), total symptom score, days to symptom improvement, electrode impedance, and gastric emptying test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For patients receiving TEMP, GES demonstrated a rapid, significant, and sustained improvement in VFS, results similar to those for PERM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both ENDO and PEG placement of GES electrodes are safe and effective in patients with gastroparesis, with outcomes that correspond to those achieved with permanent GES implantation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Digestive Diseases, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
authors.forename: Srinivasa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ayinala
authors.forename: Oscar
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Batista
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Juburi
authors.forename: Nighat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abidi
authors.forename: Babajide
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Familoni
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D004566:Electrodes; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000628:therapy*; D005774:Gastrostomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors