title: Clinical implications of splenium magnetic resonance imaging signal changes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may show discrete splenium abnormalities; however, the implications of this radiologic finding are unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe causes, clinical presentations, and prognoses of midline splenium changes evident on MRI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 9 patients with MRI-noted splenium changes were studied; 60 additional published cases were accessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine cases were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical and imaging findings, causes, and prognosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confusion (35 patients), ataxia (25 patients), and recent seizure (23 patients) were common. Causes included alcohol use, infections, hypoglycemia, trauma, salt abnormalities, and seizure. Twenty-eight patients had complete resolution, 23 improved, and 1 died. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed splenium abnormalities the best. Eleven of 12 patients showed decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient. Most improved clinically, as did their subsequent MRI studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midline splenium changes are commonly seen on MRI diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. Multiple causes can result in splenium changes. Physicians should evaluate for glucose and electrolyte abnormalities, seizure risk, ongoing infectious or parainfectious process, and traumatic causes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The University of Washington, Seattle, USA. michael.doherty@swedish.org
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: Sumie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jayadev
authors.forename: Nathaniel F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Ravi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Konchada
authors.forename: Dan K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Hallam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001259:Ataxia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003221:Confusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013577:Syndrome