title: The effect of ceramic surface treatment on bonding to densely sintered alumina ceramic.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ceramic surface treatment is crucial for bonding to resin. High crystalline ceramics are poorly conditioned using traditional procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of silica coating on a densely sintered alumina ceramic relative to its bond strength to composite, using a resin luting agent. Material and methods Blocks (6 x 6 x 5 mm) of ceramic and composite were made. The ceramic (Procera AllCeram) surfaces were polished, and the blocks were divided into 3 groups (n = 5): SB, airborne-particle abrasion with 110-microm Al 2 O 3 ; RS, silica coating using Rocatec System; and CS, silica coating using CoJet System. The treated ceramic blocks were luted to the composite (W3D Master) blocks using a resin luting agent (Panavia F). Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 7 days and then cut in 2 axes, x and y, to obtain specimens with a bonding area of approximately 0.6 mm 2 (n = 30). The specimens were loaded to failure in tension in a universal testing machine, and data were statistically analyzed using a randomized complete block design analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=.05). Fractured surfaces were examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine the type of failure. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used for surface compositional analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean bond strength values (MPa) of Groups RS (17.1 +/- 3.9) ( P =.00015) and CS (18.5 +/- 4.7) ( P =.00012) were significantly higher than the values of Group SB (12.7 +/- 2.6). There was no statistical difference between Groups RS and CS. All failures occurred at the adhesive zone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tribochemical silica coating systems increased the tensile bond strength values between Panavia F and Procera AllCeram ceramic.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Luiz Felipe
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Valandro
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Della Bona
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Antonio Bottino
authors.forename: Maximiliano Piero
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Neisser
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D000537:Aluminum Oxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D003775:Dental Polishing; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C105314:AllCeram; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D019279:Resin Cements; C076811:Rocatec; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D000537:Aluminum Oxide