title: Mental health of low income uninsured men with prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated mental health outcomes in a cohort of low income, uninsured men with prostate cancer and identified factors that influence mental health.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective cohort study of 277 subjects enrolled in a program that provides free care to men with prostate cancer who have an annual income of no more than 200% of the federal poverty level. We compared scores on the 5-item RAND Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) to those in individuals with other chronic diseases. We also examined the relationship between MHI-5 scores and validated measures of general and disease specific health related quality of life. Disease specific quality of life included measures of distress related to urinary, sexual and bowel habits. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors associated with mental health score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most men studied were Hispanic (51.6%) and had at most a high school education (85.9%). Mean MHI-5 score +/- SD was 68 +/- 23 on a 100-point scale, significantly worse than cohorts of men with diabetes, congestive heart failure and chronic pulmonary disease. Hispanic ethnicity, urinary bother and bowel bother were negatively associated with mental health. Spirituality and physical functioning were positively associated with mental health.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Economically disadvantaged men with prostate cancer report worse mental health than people with other chronic diseases. Patients especially at risk are those with significant urinary or bowel distress, poor physical health, low spirituality and Hispanic ethnicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, School of Public Health, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krupski
authors.forename: Lorna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Arlene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Litwin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000523:psychology*; D044383:Black People / Q000523:psychology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000502:physiology; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017057:Medically Uninsured; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D011203:Poverty; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D029181:Spirituality; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology