title: Diverse apoptotic pathways in enterovirus 71-infected cells.
abstract: Mechanisms related to the neuropathogenesis of enterovirus 71 infection remain unclear. This investigation conducts a comprehensive study of the apoptotic pathways in neural and non-neural cells following enterovirus 71 infection. Infections with enterovirus 71 not only induce classical cytopathic effects in SF268 (human glioblastoma), SK-N-MC (human neuroblastoma), RD, and Vero cells, but also induce classic signs of apoptosis in all cells, including DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine translocation. Apoptosis has also been caused by the efflux of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and subsequently by cleavage of caspase 9 in all cells. Activation of caspase 8 followed by cleavage of the proapoptotic protein Bid only occurs in non-neural cells. Results of this study demonstrate that a mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis mediated by activation and cleavage of caspase 9 is a main pathway in enterovirus 71-induced apoptosis, especially for enterovirus 71-infected neural cells.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Shih-Cheng
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jing-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lily Yen-cheng
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Mei-Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shin-Ru
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shih
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002477:Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004770:Enterovirus; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D045304:Cytochromes c; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases