title: [Spinal cord stimulation in Failed-Back-Surgery-Syndrome. Preliminary study for the evaluation of therapy by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective alternative treatment in patients with chronic neuropathic pain and mainly radicular distribution. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate changes in BOLD signal with fMRI during active SCS and to correlate the results with the clinical pain intensity, measured with a visual analogue scale (VAS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with failed back surgery syndrome were tested during the clinical trial of SCS. A first fMRI was performed with marked pain and a high VAS score. Before the second fMRI a therapeutic stimulation phase with pain reduction was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With high pain levels SCS activated the cingulate gyrus, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area and postcentral gyrus. After pain reduction, SCS did not elicit these activations in the second fMRI, using the same stimulation parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with chronic neuropathic pain and high VAS levels, SCS elicited BOLD activation in the cingulate gyrus, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, and primary and secondary somatosensory area. Pain reduction by SCS resulted in a reduction of functional activity in these areas as revealed by follow-up fMRI.
authors.affiliation: Neurochirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg. dirk.rasche@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rasche
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stippich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nennig
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sartor
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Tronnier
mesh_terms: D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013577:Syndrome