title: Persistence of yessotoxin under light and dark conditions.
abstract: The change in concentration of the disulfated polyether yessotoxin (YTX) produced by a culture of the marine dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum was measured in laboratory experiments under light and dark conditions. Experimental cultures were inoculated and grew at a growth rate of 0.14 d(-1) until stationary phase was reached, after approximately 21 days. Cultures were maintained in the stationary phase until 31 days after inoculation. Cells of P. reticulatum contained a concentration of approximately 10-15 pg YTX cell(-1) during stationary phase but this was considerably lower (<5 pg cell-1) during the growth phase. Low amounts of 45-hydroxy-YTX were also detected. At day 32, P. reticulatum was killed by cooling to 1 degrees C (confirmed microscopically) and YTX concentrations were measured periodically under light and dark conditions. YTX concentrations decreased rapidly to approximately 10% of the initial concentration within the first 3 days and depleted to near zero within a week in the light treatment. In the dark environment, YTX persisted longer with approximately 10% of the initial YTX concentration still remaining after 18 days.
authors.affiliation: PROTEOBIO Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre for Proteomics and Biotoxin Research, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland. simon.mitrovic@dipnr.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Simon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Mitrovic
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Lincoln
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Ambrose
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Furey
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: James
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003624:Darkness; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D016014:Linear Models; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C419348:45-hydroxyyessotoxin; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic; D008387:Marine Toxins