title: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax in children: the role of CT in guiding management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is rare in older children and most likely to be associated with apical subpleural blebs; there is a significant risk of recurrence. Our aim was to assess the radiological findings and final treatment of PSP in children presenting at our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 3 children presenting over a 15-month period at our institution with PSP; the clinical features at presentation and examination findings were recorded. The chest radiographic and CT appearances and findings at surgery were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, chest pain and breathlessness were presenting features and initial treatment included intercostal chest drainage. Chest radiographs on admission raised the suspicion of unilateral apical blebs in 2 children and bilateral apical blebs in the 3rd. Chest CT demonstrated apical blebs/cysts in all 3 children. The cysts ranged in size from 0.5 to 3.0 cm and were bilateral in 2 children. Surgery confirmed the radiological findings in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CT is of value in the detection of apical pleural blebs in children with PSP. On CT, particular attention should be paid to the lung apices, where majority of blebs in otherwise healthy young patients are located. Prompt diagnosis of a morphological abnormality in these children is likely to expedite definitive surgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK. arvradio@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Choudhary
authors.forename: M E K
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Sellars
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wallis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McHugh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001768:Blister / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011030:Pneumothorax / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome