title: Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines in the early stage of severe acute pancreatitis in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The high mortality rate of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is closely associated with secondary infections of pancreatic and peripancreatic tissues. It was reported that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) increased the number of leukocytes and enhanced their functions. However, an inflammatory response may be enhanced by an increased number of leukocytes. Our purpose was to study the roles of G-CSF in peritoneal-exudate neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines in the early stage of experimental SAP.
  
  
  METHODS
  SAP was induced by injecting 0.2 ml of 3% taurocholate acid into the biliopancreatic duct in male Wistar rats. G-CSF (90 microg/kg body weight) or saline was administered 1 h before the SAP induction. The number of neutrophils and their phagocytic and bactericidal activities were evaluated, and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1beta in plasma and ascitic fluid were measured 1 h and 3 h after the SAP induction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of peritoneal-exudate neutrophils (PENs) at 3 h was increased by G-CSF administration (81 +/- 50 x 10(5) cells/total exudate), as compared with that shown with saline administration (28 +/- 13 x 10(5) cells/total exudate; P < 0.05). The numbers of phagocytic and bactericidal neutrophils were also elevated by G-CSF administration. G-CSF administration did not increase the concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta in the plasma and ascitic fluid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G-CSF increases the numbers of neutrophils and enhances their functions against bacteria, but it does not enhance intraabdominal and systemic inflammatory responses in the early stage of SAP.
authors.affiliation: The First Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
authors.forename: Hongfang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuo
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Nobutsugu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atomi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001770:Blood Bactericidal Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor