title: Effects of fat-modified dairy products on blood lipids in humans in comparison with other fats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Due to its high content of LDL-raising saturated fatty acids (SFA), milk fat has been considered to be hypercholesterolaemic, but it also contains fatty acids and other constituents which seem to have a hypocholesterolaemic effect. Milk fat was modified by feeding cows rapeseed cake, resulting in a reduced content of SFA and an increased content of unsaturated fatty acids. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of modified milk fat (ModFat) on serum cholesterol fractions, triacylglycerides (TAG) and lipoprotein(a) [LP(a)], compared with regular milk fat (RegFat) and with soft margarine (Marg).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen women and 16 men were enrolled in the intervention study. Nine of the participants were hypercholesterolaemic. Nutrient intake parameters, serum lipids and LP(a) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The serum concentration of HDL cholesterol increased in the ModFat period, leading to a decreased LDL/HDL ratio in this period. The lowest LP(a) concentrations were measured at the end of the control phase and at the end of the ModFat period. A decreasing tendency of serum TAG concentration was observed in the ModFat period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fat-modified milk seems to have positive effects on the LDL/HDL ratio and the LP(a) concentrations, both of which have been established as risk factors for coronary heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, DE-07743 Jena, Germany.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seidel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Deufel
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jahreis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003611:Dairy Products / Q000032:analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000178:diet therapy*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008383:Margarine; D008875:Middle Aged; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D014280:Triglycerides; D008383:Margarine; D002784:Cholesterol