title: Rheological characterization and turbidity of riboflavin-photosensitized changes in alginate/GDL systems.
abstract: Riboflavin (RF) in combination with light, in the wavelength range of 310-800 nm, is used to induce degradation of alginic acid gels. Light irradiation of alginate solutions in the presence of RF under aerobic conditions causes scission of the polymer chains. In the development process of a new drug delivery system, RF photosensitized degradation of alginic acid gels is studied by monitoring changes in the turbidity and rheological parameters of alginate/glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) systems with different concentrations of GDL. Addition of GDL induces gel formation of the samples by gradually lowering the pH-value of the system. The turbidity is measured and the cloud point determined. The turbidity starts to increase after shorter times with enhanced concentration of GDL. Enhanced viscoelasticity is detected with increasing GDL concentration in the post-gel regime, but small differences are detected at the gel point. The incipient gel is 'soft' and has an open structure independent on the GDL concentration. In the post-gel regime solid-like behavior is observed, this is more distinct for the systems with high GDL concentrations. The effect of photosensitized RF on alginate/GDL systems decreases with increasing amount of GDL in the system. The same trend is detected whether the systems are irradiated in the pre-gel or in the post-gel regime.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. s.g.baldursdottir@farmasi.uio.no
authors.forename: Stefanía G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Baldursdóttir
authors.forename: Anna-Lena
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kjøniksen
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D005942:Gluconates / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D007783:Lactones; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012212:Rheology; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D005942:Gluconates; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D007783:Lactones; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D012256:Riboflavin; C010730:beta-glucono-1,5-lactone