title: Should laparoscopic cholecystectomy be performed in patients with thick-walled gallbladder?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the procedure of choice for patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. This procedure is contraindicated in patients with gall-bladder cancer (GBC) because of fear of dissemination of the disease. One of the findings raising the suspicion of GBC is a thick-walled gallbladder (TWGB).
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study of patients with TWGB was done over a period of 10 months at a tertiary-level referral hospital in northern India. We studied the clinical profiles, investigations (ultrasound [US] and computerized tomography [CT]) and management plans in these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 60 patients were included in the study. After cholecystectomy, histopathology of gallbladders showed GBC in 2 (3.3%) patients. The remaining 58 patients had chronic cholecystitis, of whom 28 (48%) had xanthogranulomatous variant chronic cholecystitis. Cholecystectomy by the laparoscopic method was attempted in 46 (77%) patients and by open technique in the remaining 14 (23%) patients. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was successful in 40 of the 46 (87%) patients in whom it was attempted. Obscure anatomy, suspicion of GBC, and bile duct injury were the causes of conversion, in the remaining 13% (6/46). None of the 11 patients who had a CT examination because of clinical or US suspicion of malignancy turned out to have GBC at final histology. Both the cases of GBC in this study were incidental findings on final histopathology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be successfully performed in the majority of patients with diffuse TWGB, with appropriate selection. There is, however, an increased chance of conversion to open cholecystectomy in these patients. If there is an intraoperative suspicion of GBC, early conversion to open cholecystectomy and frozen section/imprint cytology will help to decide the further treatment during surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, 226014, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: Gadiyaram
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Srikanth
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Khare
authors.forename: Lakshmaiah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siddappa
authors.forename: Archana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Sadiq Saleem
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Sikora
authors.forename: Rajan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Vinay Kumar
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kapoor
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002763:Cholecystectomy; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000601:surgery; D000075202:Contraindications; D005629:Frozen Sections; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography