title: Portal vein occlusion or stenosis in patients with hepatolithiasis: observation by multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the dynamic findings of multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT in hepatolithiasis and to elucidate occlusive changes in portal veins and other associated abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective study of 25 selected patients with hepatolithiasis who underwent various imaging examinations, including multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT. The following CT findings were evaluated in each of 71 hepatic segments: visualization of a calculus; biliary dilation or focal hepatic atrophy of the affected segment; areas that were abnormally enhanced in the hepatic arterial phase; degrees (normal, stenosis, occlusion) of portal vein calibre; and linear delayed enhancement along the bile-duct walls, suggesting cholangitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On CT, calculi were depicted as a hyperdense structures in 61 of 71 segments (86%). Focal hepatic atrophy, which frequently accompanied CT findings suggesting compensatory hypertrophy of other segments, was seen in 50 of 71 segments (70%). Areas that were abnormally enhanced were recognized in 36 of 71 segments (51%). Stenosis or occlusion of portal venous branches was observed in 59 of 71 segments (83%), including 13 segments with occlusion. Findings indicating cholangitis were noted in 50 of 71 segments (70%). The degrees of portal vein calibre were significantly correlated with the presence of hepatic atrophy or cholangitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hepatolithiasis is associated with significant rates of stenosis or occlusion of adjacent portal veins as well as hepatic parenchymal changes in the affected area. Chronic deterioration of portal flow may cause these morphological changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. ttajima@dr.hosp.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimitsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aibe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishie
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asayama
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kakihara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001284:Atrophy; D002761:Cholangitis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D011172:Portography / Q000379:methods; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media