Association of AIDS and bipolar mania with rapid progression to dementia and death.
Neuropsychiatric complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) may present clinically as acute or chronic organic brain syndrome, or mimic functional psychiatric diseases. Among such psychiatric diseases, mania tends to occur with increased frequency after the onset of AIDS. We report a case in which manic manifestations were noted before the diagnosis of AIDS. The patient had no past or family history of mood disorders, but had risk factors for HIV infection. He had a rapid downhill course from initial manic symptoms to depression, dementia and then death within 10 months. Such rapid cognitive deterioration into AIDS dementia after mania is consistent with previous reports. Cases like this will become more common with spread of the AIDS pandemic in Asian regions, including Taiwan. Clinicians should be mindful of HIV infection/AIDS as a differential diagnosis in patients with manic episodes and risk factors for HIV infection.
Yang
Chin-Yi
CY
Division of Psychiatry, Ton Yen General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Su
Tung-Ping
TP
Wong
Wing-Wai
WW
Guo
Wan-Yuo
WY
Su
Yiet-Ling
YL
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000821:virology; D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000209:etiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D003704:Dementia / Q000209:etiology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology; D019562:Viral Load