title: Training guided by pain threshold speed. Effects of a home-based program on claudication.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the effectiveness of a 120 day home-based program guided by the pain threshold speed (PTS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine patients with stable claudication were measured for ankle pressure (AP), ankle-brachial index (ABI), PTS, maximal speed (Smax) on treadmill. Daily walking sessions at a speed 20-30% below PTS were prescribed. Determination of the training speed was supervised and facilitated at home. The program included a daily record of exercise data and symptoms, an intermediate PTS re-evaluation to adjust the training speed, and the reassessment of all the parameters after 120 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall patients showed a reduction of systemic blood pressure (151.3+/-14.3 to 147.6+/-18.3 mmHg; 77.1 +/-9.1 to 72.4+/-8, p=0.008) while AP did not. ABI increased from 0.65+/-0.13 to 0.71+/- 0.18 (p=0.01). PTS and Smax rose from 3.2+/-1.1 to 4.2+/-1.5 km/h (p=0.0001) and from 3.9+/-1.3 to 4.6+/-1.3 km/h (p=0.0001), respectively. According to their compliance, patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) trained (T, n=14): exercise at the prescribed speed, 2) free-walkers (FW, n=7): walking speed markedly below PTS and 3) untrained (U, n=8): incomplete program compliance. T group showed symptom reduction up to pain disappearance. The ABI change (0.72+/-0.09 to 0.82+/- 0.16, p<0.02) was correlated to AP increase (r= 0.879). PTS and Smax rose from 3.6+/-1.1 to 5.4+/-0.8 km/h (p<0.02) and from 4.7+/-1.2 to 5.7+/-0.7 (p<0.02), respectively. FW showed improvement of all parameters, and U a better walking efficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with claudication, a low-cost home-based program driven by PTS allows dramatic improvements of functional parameters.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Diseases Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manfredini
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Conconi
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Malagoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Manfredini
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Basaglia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mascoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liboni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zamboni
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods*; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler