title: ABCB1 genotype of the donor but not of the recipient is a major risk factor for cyclosporine-related nephrotoxicity after renal transplantation.
abstract: Cyclosporine (CsA) nephrotoxicity is a severe complication in organ transplantation because it leads to impaired renal function and chronic allograft nephropathy, which is a major predictor of graft loss. Animal models and in vivo studies indicate that the transmembrane efflux pump P-glycoprotein contributes substantially to CsA nephrotoxicity. It was hypothesized that the TT genotype at the ABCB1 3435C-->T polymorphism, which is associated with decreased expression of P-glycoprotein in renal tissue, is a risk factor for developing CsA nephrotoxicity. In a case-control study, 18 of 97 patients developed CsA nephrotoxicity and showed complete recovery of renal function in all cases when switched to a calcineurin inhibitor-free regimen. Both recipients and donors were genotyped for ABCB1 polymorphisms at the positions 3435C-->T and 2677G-->T/A. For controlling for population stratification, two additional polymorphisms, CYP2D6*4 and CYP3A5*3, with intermediate allelic frequencies were studied. The P-glycoprotein low expressor genotype 3435TT only of renal organ donors but not of the recipients was overrepresented in patients with CsA nephrotoxicity as compared with patients without toxicity (chi2 = 10.5; P = 0.005). CsA dosage, trough levels, and the concentration per dose ratio were not different between the patient groups. In a multivariate model that included several other nongenetic covariates, only the donor's ABCB1 3435TT genotype was strongly associated with CsA nephrotoxicity (odds ratio, 13.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.2 to 148; P = 0.034). A dominant role of the donor's ABCB1 genotype was identified for development of CsA nephrotoxicity. This suggests that P-glycoprotein is an important factor in CsA nephrotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Medical Clinic IV, University Hospital Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. i.hauser@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Ingeborg A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schaeffeler
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gauer
authors.forename: Ernst H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Scheuermann
authors.forename: Binytha
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wegner
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gossmann
authors.forename: Hanns
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ackermann
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seidl
authors.forename: Berthold
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hocher
authors.forename: Ulrich M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Zanger
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Geiger
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eichelbaum
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwab
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D019450:Genes, MDR / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine