title: Antagonists of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and of bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide (BN/GRP) suppress the expression of VEGF, bFGF, and receptors of the EGF/HER family in PC-3 and DU-145 human androgen-independent prostate cancers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antagonists of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) as well as antagonists of bombesin/gastrin releasing peptide (BN/GRP) inhibit the growth of various malignancies (cancers) including prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the effects of GHRH antagonists MZ-J-7-118 and RC-J-29-18, BN/GRP antagonists RC-3940-II and RC-3940-Et and the combination of MZ-J-7-118 and RC-3940-II on the growth of PC-3 and DU-145 human androgen independent prostate cancers xenografted s.c. into nude mice. To elucidate the mechanisms of action of these analogs, growth factors like IGF-II (insulin-like growth factor-II), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and epidermal growth factor receptor/human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R/HER) family were measured in tumors as well as IGF-I in serum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antagonists of GHRH and BN/GRP alone or in combination significantly inhibited growth of PC-3 and DU-145 tumors, the greatest inhibition of tumor volume being achieved by combination of MZ-J-7-118 (5 microg/day) and RC-3940-II (10 microg/day). BN/GRP and GHRH antagonists and their combination also decreased the expression of VEGF significantly in PC-3 and non-significantly in DU-145, as measured by radioimmunoassay for VEGF protein and RT-PCR for mRNA levels of VEGF. GHRH and BN/GRP antagonists reduced bFGF concentrations and the maximal binding capacity of EGF receptors, and their mRNA levels in PC-3 and DU-145 tumors. mRNA levels for HER-2 and -3 were also diminished in PC-3 tumors by GHRH and BN/GRP antagonists. No changes in HER-4 were found after treatment. Serum IGF-I and tumoral IGF-II levels were not affected by the analogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BN/GRP and GHRH antagonists inhibit growth of PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancers by suppressing the expression of tumoral growth factors such as VEGF and bFGF as well as the receptors for EGF and related HER-2 and -3. Additive effects on tumor inhibition (TI) in vivo, but not on VEGF, bFGF, or members of the EGF/HER receptor family, can be achieved by the joint administration of both classes of analogs.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-1262,USA.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stangelberger
authors.forename: Andrew V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schally
authors.forename: Jozsef L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hammann
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halmos
authors.forename: Ren-Zhi
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zarandi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001839:Bombesin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3 / Q000235:genetics; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4; D017337:Sermorelin / Q000494:pharmacology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D001839:Bombesin; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D019886:Gastrin-Releasing Peptide; D013007:Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3; D066247:Receptor, ErbB-4; D017337:Sermorelin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C501461:MZ-J-7-118; C096400:bombesin(6-14), Hca(6)-Leu(13)-psi(CH2N)-Tac(14)-; C587689:ERBB4 protein, human; C587690:Erbb4 protein, mouse