title: Treatment outcomes in 4 modes of orthodontic practice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study is a continuation of a previously published report on the outcome of orthodontic treatment provided in offices representing different modes of practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of duplicate pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) dental casts of 348 patients from traditional private orthodontic practices (5 offices, 134 patients), company-owned practices (5 offices, 107 patients), offices associated with practice-management organizations (2 offices, 60 patients), and general dental practices (2 offices, 47 patients). Methods were used to obtain random, representative samples from each office, starting with lists of patients who were treated consecutively with full fixed orthodontic appliances. The dental casts were measured by 2 independent judges who used the unweighted PAR score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good interjudge agreement was shown on the initial casts, but the agreement was not as strong on the final casts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurements showed that treatment outcomes were generally satisfactory, although some significant differences between offices and management modes were shown.
authors.affiliation: University of the Pacific School of Dentistry, 2155 Webster Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA. drpoulton@earthlink.net
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poulton
authors.forename: Vicki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vlaskalic
authors.forename: Sheldon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baumrind
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005792:General Practice, Dental; D006801:Humans; D021661:Management Service Organizations; D003765:Models, Dental; D015588:Observer Variation; D009970:Orthodontics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D018024:Peer Review, Health Care; D011215:Practice Management, Dental; D011331:Private Practice; D020400:Provider-Sponsored Organizations; D016896:Treatment Outcome