title: Truncation of oligonucleotide primers confers specificity on real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for food authentication.
abstract: The advent of real-time polymerase chain reaction has revolutionized the field of molecular biology, but the design and optimization of these assays has been largely overlooked in the literature. This dearth of information is probably in response to the provision of assay design software and robust guidelines issued by the leading manufacturer. However, many applications require highly specific assays with no cross-amplification of non-target DNA and it has been found that the software and guidelines, whilst producing assays of great sensitivity, do not necessarily produce specific assays. Two complementary strategies were used to confer specificity on a real-time assay, first by placing the 3' end of the primers on a point of sequence heterogeneity and, second, by truncating the primers at the 5' end to lower the calculated melting temperature. Using these strategies in concert, a specific assay for a conserved region of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was developed that can be used for the unambiguous detection of the target species in a meat mixture. This approach can be used for any real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to increase assay selectivity and specificity.
authors.affiliation: Central Science Laboratory, York YO41 1LZ, UK. h.hird@csl.gov.uk
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hird
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goodier
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneede
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boltz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chisholm
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lloyd
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Popping
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D045303:Cytochromes b / Q000235:genetics; D004247:DNA / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019649:Food Industry / Q000379:methods; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000379:methods*; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes / Q000737:chemistry*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012756:Sheep; D013045:Species Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015345:Oligonucleotide Probes; D004247:DNA; D045303:Cytochromes b