title: Human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus in a high-risk population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relation of human papillomavirus (HPV) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Iranian patients as compared to normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using MY09/MY11 consensus primers, we compared the prevalence of a HPV L1 gene in tumor tissues from 38 ESCC cases and biopsied tissues from 38 endoscopically normal Iranian individuals. We also compared the presence of HPV16 and HPV18 in the same samples using type-specific E6/E7 primers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen (36.8%) of the 38 ESCC samples but only 5 (13.2%) of the 38 control samples were positive for the HPV L1 gene (P = 0.02). Five (13.2%) of the ESCC samples but none of the control samples were positive for the HPV16 E6/E7 gene (P = 0.05). Three (7.9%) of the ESCC samples and 5 (13.2%) of the control samples were positive for the HPV18 E6/E7 gene (P = 0.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data are consistent with HPV DNA studies conducted in other high-risk areas for ESCC. HPV should be considered as a potential factor contributing to the high incidence of ESCC in Iran and other high-incidence areas of the world.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Avenue, Tehran 14114, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farhadi
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tahmasebi
authors.forename: Shahin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merat
authors.forename: Farin
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kamangar
authors.forename: Dariush
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nasrollahzadeh
authors.forename: Reza
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malekzadeh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral