title: The prediction of safe lifting behavior: an application of the theory of planned behavior.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Injuries resulting from lifting are costly, and create significant pain and discomfort. While engineering controls are the most effective means of reducing risks, most organizations continue to rely on manual lifting techniques. The problem, however, is that the use of safe-lifting techniques is inconsistent and managers have a difficult time motivating use of these techniques. Consequently, it is important to understand the factors driving safe-lifting behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study used a survey to apply the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen., I., 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organization Behavior and Human Processes, 50, 179-211) to safe-lifting among 136 materials management employees at a heavy manufacturing organization. Structural equation modeling and factor analysis were employed to analyze relationships among constructs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results revealed that perceived behavioral control and intention were the strongest predictors of safe-lifting behavior. Subjective norms, to a lesser degree, were also important influences on intention. Attitudes did not surface as effective direct predictors of safe-lifting behavior, but did affect behavior and intent via mediating factors (subjective norms and perceived behavioral control). Finally, the theory of planned behavior was supported as an effective model explaining safe-lifting behavior, and had potential application for many other safety-related behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this study emphasize the importance of perceived behavioral control as a factor associated with safety-related behavior.
authors.affiliation: Central Washington University, 2401 33rd Ave SE, Puyallup, WA 98374, USA. stpjohnson@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001519:Behavior; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D017770:Lifting; D016272:Occupational Health; D014481:United States