title: Pd nanoparticle aging and its implications in the suzuki cross-coupling reaction.
abstract: Examination of the catalysts recovered in the N,N-dihexylcarbodiimide-palladium nanoparticle composite catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions revealed that the metal nanoparticles transformed gradually from spherical-shape to larger needle-shaped crystals. Two types of Ostwald ripening processes were observed. One involves rapid aggregation of the incipient nanoparticle catalyst (2-5 nm) into blackberry-like assemblies (100-200 nm), which is accompanied with the much slower dissolution of small crystals or amorphous nanoparticles and the formation of larger needle-shaped crystals. The observed structural changes provided new insights into the durability of the polymer nanoparticle composite catalyst.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, the University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA. jhu@uakron.edu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Yubiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu