title: The application of nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics to the dominant-submissive rat behavioral model.
abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods were used to study whether there are differences in the urine content between behaviorally distinct groups of rats: dominant and submissive. The dominant-submissive relationships (DSRs) were established in rat pairs competing for access to the feeder filled with sweetened milk. Dominant rats spend significantly longer amounts of time at the feeder than do their submissive partners. During a 2-week period, rats were tested for the DSR. At the end of the second week, behavioral groups of rats were selected and urine was collected during a 3.5-h time period. Principal component analysis revealed a metabolite from milk sugar, galactose, as a discriminating factor between rats classified as dominant and those classified as submissive. Measurements of galactose showed that the amount present in the urine correlated with the time spent in the feeder zone, thereby supporting the time criterion established for the DSR model.
authors.affiliation: Drug Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA. gleo@prdus.jnj.com
authors.forename: Gregory C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Leo
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crooke
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Malatynska
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cotto
authors.forename: Becki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hastings
authors.forename: Jaclyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scowcroft
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hageman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004291:Dominance-Subordination; D005690:Galactose / Q000652:urine*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D005690:Galactose