title: Three-dimensional reconstruction of endosonographic images of gastric lesions: preliminary experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to assess the ability of the endoluminal sonographic probes to image upper gastrointestinal lesions detected with conventional endoscopy and to reconstruct 3-dimensional (3D) images.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sonographic images were obtained from 25 gastrointestinal lesions in 22 patients using a sonographic miniprobe manually drawn at a set speed across lesions detected during conventional endoscopy. 3D images were then reconstructed using an in-house software program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 16 lesions (64%), the 3D sectional images were evaluated as good, and all 25 lesions (100%) could be visualized both transversely and longitudinally. In 12 lesions (48%), the 3D display of the endosonographic surface image corresponded to the endoscopic appearance. In all 11 cases of gastric cancer, the depth of tumor invasion measured using the 3D image was consistent with the histologic diagnosis (100% accuracy). When videotaped sonographic images were stored on a hard disk, it took an average of 3.5 minutes to obtain and display 3D images of the targeted area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  3D sonographic reconstructions of digestive lesions were useful in diagnosis, and we believe that further improvements should enhance the clinical usefulness of 3D endosonography.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Seisuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Muguruma
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsujigami
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016477:Artifacts; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005743:Gastrectomy; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012984:Software; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014741:Video Recording