title: Local radiotherapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the response to local radiotherapy (RT) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to analyze the dose-response relationship and the treatment-related morbidities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1998 and 2002, 59 patients who were treated with localized RT were evaluated. RT was delivered with a curative intent, and the radiation dose was 30-55 Gy (biologic effective dose of 39.0-70.2 Gy(10) using the alpha/beta ratio of 10 Gy) with 2-3 Gy as a daily dose. The tumor response was evaluated by the change in maximum tumor size on serial CT scans, and the morbidity was evaluated by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An objective tumor response was achieved in 39 of 59 patients (66.1%) with complete response (CR) in 5 patients and partial response (PR) in 34 patients. More than 50 Gy(10) had a significant response; CR or PR was 72.8% with >50 Gy(10) and 46.7% with < or =50 Gy(10) (p = 0.0299). The 2-year overall survival rate after RT was 27.4% (median survival time: 10 months), and this was affected by the tumor response (p = 0.0640); the 2-year overall survival rate after RT was 50.0% for CR and 21.8% for PR. There was no Grade 3 or 4 acute toxicity, and 3 patients (5.1%) developed gastric or duodenal ulcer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiotherapy for unresectable HCC resulted in 66.1% of tumor response with acceptable toxicity, and the radiation dose seems to be a significant prognostic factor in RT response for HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Won
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Do Hoon
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Seung Woon
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Paik
authors.forename: Kwang Cheol
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Moon Seok
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Cheol Keun
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Byung Chul
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Jeong Eun
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Min Kyu
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Young Je
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hee Rim
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: Yong Chan
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Seung Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Huh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed