title: Evidence-based care of recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: Between 0.5 and 1.0% of couples experience recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), which is defined as three or more consecutive miscarriages. Losses are classified as pre-embryonic (<5 weeks), embryonic (5-10 weeks) or fetal (>10 weeks). Genetic abnormalities are responsible for RPL in 2-4% of these couples. Inadequate progesterone production has been proposed a cause of RPL and progesterone is given to prevent miscarriage, despite a lack of supportive evidence. The factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations are common inherited thrombophilias also associated with RPL. Antenatal thromboprophylaxis is sometimes recommended although no data exist regarding efficacy. Antiphospholipid syndrome is known to cause RPL and antenatal thromboprophylaxis reduces the risk of miscarriage. Uterine abnormalities might also result in RPL. About 50% of cases of RPL have no identifiable cause. Alloimmune incompatibility has been proposed as a cause for RPL in these women. The concept of alloimmune-related RPL has not been scientifically validated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Maternal-Fetal Medicine, LDS Hospital, 8th Avenue and C Street, Salt Lake City, Utah 84143, USA. ldtporte@ihc.com
authors.forename: T Flint
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000150:complications; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005165:Factor V; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000150:complications; D002581:Uterine Cervical Incompetence / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: C095381:factor V Leiden; D011374:Progesterone; D005165:Factor V