title: The impact of 'open throat' technique on vibrato rate, extent and onset in classical singing.
abstract: Mitchell, Kenny et al. (2003) identified 'open throat' as integral to the production of an even and consistent sound in classical singing. In this study, we compared vibrato rate, extent and onset of six advanced singing students under three conditions: 'optimal' (O), representing maximal open throat; 'sub-optimal' (SO), using reduced open throat; and loud sub-optimal (LSO), using reduced open throat but controlling for the effect of loudness. Fifteen expert judges correctly identified the sound produced when singers used open throat with 85% accuracy. Having verified the technique perceptually, we used a series of univariate repeated measures ANOVAs with planned orthogonal contrasts to test the hypotheses that frequency modulations associated with vibrato rate, extent and onset would vary outside acceptable or desirable parameters for SO and LSO. Hypotheses were confirmed for vibrato extent and onset but not for rate. There were no significant differences between SO and LSO on any of the vibrato parameters. As vibrato is considered a key indicator of good singing, these findings suggest that open throat is important to the production of a good sound in classical singing.
authors.affiliation: Australian Centre for Applied Research in Music Performance (ACARMP), The Conservatorium of Music, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Dianna T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Kenny
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology*; D009146:Music; D010614:Pharynx / Q000502:physiology*; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D014732:Vibration; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology*; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000502:physiology*