title: Effective strategy to guide pathology test ordering in surgical patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ordering of pathology testing by junior medical staff is often a haphazard process with little regard to the appropriateness of test ordering. The aim of the present study was to reduce ordering of inappropriate pathology tests in surgical patients attending the pre-admission clinic (PAC) through the introduction of a protocol-based test ordering system and to create an environment where such improvement can be sustained.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a prospective study with a retrospective control group. Three cohorts of patients attending the PAC were included. Group I (n = 700) attended prior to the introduction of the test protocols (April-June 2002) and acted as a control group. Group II (n = 720) attended after the protocol introduction (April-June 2003), and group III (n = 763) attended during the subsequent 3-month period from July to August 2003. The study examined the numbers of patients in each group who were ordered any of eight standard pathology tests. The average number of tests per patient, and cost of tests per patient were also ascertained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following the introduction of pathology test protocols, the ordering of all but one of the eight tests was statistically significantly reduced. In particular, ordering of coagulation studies was reduced from 22.5% to 13.8% and electrolytes, urea and creatinine from 65.2% to 48.25% of patients (both P < 0.0001). Average number of tests performed per patient declined from 2.48 to 1.88, representing a savings of 10.33 dollars per patient (a decrease from 42.22 dollars to 31.89 dollars) and a projected annualized cost saving in excess of 26,000 dollars.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Provided that certain preliminary guidelines are followed, these protocols can reduce pathology test ordering in any pre-admission Service.
authors.affiliation: Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia. macpher@doh.health.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Ross D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: MacPherson
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Reeve
authors.forename: Tanya V
authors.initials: TV
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Anna E S
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Craven
authors.forename: Greg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
mesh_terms: D002985:Clinical Protocols; D019937:Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; D006801:Humans; D010338:Pathology, Clinical / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative