title: Circulating CXC-chemokine concentrations in a murine intestinal ischemia-reperfusion model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CXC-chemokines bearing the glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) motif (ELR+ CXC chemokines) are potent neutrophil chemoattractants and hence may play a role in mucosal injury seen with intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum concentrations of ELR+ CXC chemokines (keratinocyte-derived chemokine(KC) / CXC ligand (CXCL) 1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2/CXCL 2/3, lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine (LIX) / CXCL5, and lungkine/CXCL15) were measured in a murine intestinal I/R model. Fifteen 4-week-old wild-type mice were studied in three subgroups: sham, ischemia (superior mesenteric artery [SMA] clamping for 60 min) and ischemia-reperfusion (SMA clamping for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 90 min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of KC/CXCL1 and MIP-2/CXCL2/3 in sham-treated animals (145 +/- 123 and 107 +/- 55 pg/mL, respectively) and the ischemia subgroup (646 +/- 413 and 226 +/- 129 pg/mL) were similar, but concentrations were signifcantly higher with reperfusion (6398 +/- 2297, p < .001 and 874 +/- 790 pg/mL, p = .04). LIX/CXCL5 and lungkine/CXCL15 concentrations did not change significantly with ischemia or following I/R. KC/CXCL1 and MIP-2/CXCL2/3 concentrations correlated positively with the severity of mucosal injury and with each other, whereas a negative relationship was observed between LIX/CXCL5 concentrations and microscopic injury scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development of mucosal injury in intestinal I/R is associated with increased serum concentrations of KC/CXCL1 and MIP-2/CXCL2/3, but not with those of LIX/CXCL5 and lungkine/CXCL15.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA. Akhil@peds.uab.edu
authors.forename: Akhil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Darlene A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Calhoun
authors.forename: Reed A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dimmitt
authors.forename: Atilano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lacson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; C118893:Cxcl15 protein, mouse; C404915:Cxcl2 protein, mouse