title: Sequential expression of three known protective genes in cardiac biopsies after transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The expression of the "protective" genes A20, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, and Bcl-xl in rodent allografts and xenografts correlates with long-term survival of transplanted hearts. We investigated the expression of HO-1, Bcl-2, and A20 in sequential biopsies from nine cardiac transplant recipients by using quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five to 16 endomyocardial biopsies were analyzed from each patient 7 to 365 days after transplantation. Biopsies were classified as acute rejection (AR) by International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation criteria. mRNA values were normalized against an endogenous control gene (18S), and protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All genes were expressed at every time point. HO-1 was significantly higher in the first 2 months (2 months vs. 10+ months, P<0.05) and was associated with AR (0.30+/-0.07) versus nonrejection (0.16+/-0.02, P=0.026). In contrast, expression of Bcl-2 and A20 was low at 2 months, but both increased with time (P<0.05, 2 months vs. 10+ months for Bcl-2 and A20). There was no significant association of Bcl-2 or A20 with AR. Immunocytochemistry revealed that HO-1 localizes to infiltrating cells and not parenchymal cells in cardiac biopsies. In contrast, Bcl-2 and A20 were found to localize to endothelial, smooth muscle, and infiltrating cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HO-1 is induced early after transplantation, whereas Bcl-2 and A20 seem to be induced as part of the chronic response. These differences together with different localization sites in vivo suggest they have different roles in protection from injury after cardiac transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplant Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Ayesha I De
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Leanne E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Felkin
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.forename: Paul J R
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Nicholas R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Banner
authors.forename: Marlene L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D019254:Genes, bcl-2; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000235:genetics*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000072598:Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; C076529:TNFAIP3 protein, human; D000072598:Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha-Induced Protein 3