title: IL-6 expression induced by adenosine A2b receptor stimulation in U373 MG cells depends on p38 mitogen activated kinase and protein kinase C.
abstract: Adenosine binds to a class of G-protein coupled receptors, which are further distinguished as A(1), A(2a), A(2b) and A(3) adenosine receptors. As we have shown earlier, the stable adenosine analogue NECA (N6-(R)-phenylisopropyladenosine) stimulates IL-6 expression in the human astrocytoma cell line U373 MG via the A(2b) receptor. The mechanism by which NECA promotes astrocytic IL-6 expression has not been identified. By using various inhibitors of signal transduction, we found that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation (inhibitor SB202190), but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (PD98059) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)(SP600125), is essential in the NECA-induced signalling cascade that leads to the increase in IL-6 synthesis in U373 MG cells. Results obtained with protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors that have different substrate specificities, indicated that the PKC delta and epsilon isoforms are also involved in adenosine receptor A(2b) dependent upregulation of IL-6 expression. This is supported by the fact that NECA induced the activation of PKC delta and epsilon in U373 MG cells.
authors.affiliation: University of Freiburg Medical School, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Neurochemistry Research Group, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. bernd.fiebich@klinikum.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Bernd L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Fiebich
authors.forename: Ravi S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Akundi
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Biber
authors.forename: Maike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamke
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Russ D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Butcher
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: van Calker
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Willmroth
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D043704:Receptor, Adenosine A2B / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D043704:Receptor, Adenosine A2B; C497258:PRKCD protein, human; C497255:PRKCE protein, human; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D051744:Protein Kinase C-epsilon; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D000241:Adenosine