title: Induction of p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis messenger RNA by chemotherapeutic treatment of locally advanced breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In biopsies of patients with locally advanced breast cancer, we investigated the in vivo changes of the gene expression pattern induced by chemotherapy to find genes that are potentially responsible for the efficacy of the drug.
  
  
  METHODS
  Early cellular responses to chemotherapy-induced damage, both in vivo and in vitro, were investigated by analyzing chemotherapy-induced changes in gene expression profiles. Core biopsies were taken from nine patients with locally advanced breast cancer, before and at 6 hours after initiation of doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. Both samples were cohybridized on the same microarray containing 18,000 cDNA spots.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis revealed marked differences in gene expression profile between treated and untreated samples. The gene which was most frequently found to be differentially expressed was p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). This gene was up-regulated in eight of nine patients with an average factor of 1.80 (range, 1.36-2.73). In vitro MCF-7 breast cancer cells exposed to clinically achievable doxorubicin concentrations for 6 hours revealed marked induction of PUMA mRNA, as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first report describing PUMA mRNA to be up-regulated as a response to chemotherapy in patients. Because PUMA is a known member of the family of BH3-only proapoptotic proteins, this finding suggests PUMA's potential importance for the response to anticancer drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Rutger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Middelburg
authors.forename: Richard R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: de Haas
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Ron M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kerkhoven
authors.forename: Paula R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Pohlmann
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Alburo
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mohar
authors.forename: Herbert M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pinedo
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lankelma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C438378:BBC3 protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D004317:Doxorubicin