title: A microarray-based gastric carcinoma prewarning system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a microarray-based prewarning system consisting of gastric cancer chip, prewarning data and analysis software for early detection of gastric cancer and pre-cancerous lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two high-density chips with 8,464 human cDNA sites were used to primarily identify potential genes specific for normal gastric mucosa, pre-cancerous lesion and gastric cancer. The low-density chips, composed of selected genes associated with normal gastric mucosa, precancerous lesion and gastric cancer, were fabricated and used to screen 150 specimens including 60 specimens of gastric cancer, 60 of pre-cancerous tissues and 30 of normal gastric mucosa. CAD software was used to screen out the relevant genes and their critical threshold values of expression levels distinguishing normal mucosa from pre-cancerous lesion and cancer. All data were stored in a computer database to establish a prewarning data library for gastric cancer. Two potential markers brcaa1 and ndr1 were identified by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 412 genes associated with three stages of gastric cancer development were identified. There were 216 genes displaying higher expression in gastric cancer, 85 genes displaying higher expression in pre-cancerous lesion and 88 genes displaying higher expression in normal gastric mucosa. Also 15 genes associated with metastasis of gastric cancer and 8 genes associated with risk factors were screened out for target genes of diagnosis chip of early gastric cancer. The threshold values of 412 selected genes to distinguish gastric cancer, pre-cancerous lesion from normal gastric mucosa were defined as 6.01+/-2.40, 4.86+/-1.94 and 5.42+/-2.17, respectively. These selected 412 genes and critical threshold values were compiled into an analysis software, which can automatically provide reports by analyzing the results of 412 genes obtained by examining gastric tissues. All data were compiled into a prewarning database for gastric cancer by CGO software. Northern blot and immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed that gene and protein of brcaa1 displayed lower expression in normal gastric mucosa and higher expression in gastric cancer tissues, conversely, ndr1 displayed lower expression in gastric cancer and higher expression in normal gastric mucosa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The microarray-based prewarning system for gastric cancer was developed. This system consisted of gastric cancer-associated gene chip, prewarning data and analysis software, which has a high potential for applications in the early detection of gastric cancer. The two potential markers brcaa1 and ndr1 identified may be used to distinguish cancer status fand non-cancer status.
authors.affiliation: Bio-Nano-Engineering Center, Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, D70569 Stuttgart, Germany. dx.cui@mf.mpg.de
authors.forename: Da-Xiang
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Ling-Xia
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yan-Hai
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Gui-Qiu
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Giovani
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin-Rong
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Fen-Chan
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jia-Le
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Dai-Ming
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Hua-Jian
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gao
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012984:Software; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: C493892:ARID4B protein, human; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005819:Genetic Markers; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C491614:STK38 protein, human