title: Effect of the oral endothelin antagonist bosentan on the clinical, exercise, and haemodynamic status of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension related to congenital heart disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical, exercise, and haemodynamic effects of chronic oral administration of the non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan on patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) related to congenital heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective non-randomised open clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiology tertiary referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 patients with a mean (SEM) age of 22 (3) years with chronic PAH related to CHD (15 with Eisenmenger's syndrome). Patients were in World Health Organization (WHO) class II to IV with oxygen saturation 87 (2)%.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent clinical, exercise, and haemodynamic evaluations at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bosentan improved (p < 0.01) WHO class, peak oxygen consumption from 16.8 (1.4) to 18.3 (1.4) ml/kg/min, exercise duration from 9.0 (0.8) to 10.7 (0.6) minutes during the treadmill test, walking distance from 416 (23) to 459 (22) m, and Borg dyspnoea index from 2.8 (0.2) to 2.0 (0.1) during the six minute walk test. Bosentan treatment improved (p < 0.05) mean pulmonary artery pressure from 87 (4) to 81 (4) mm Hg, pulmonary blood flow index from 3.2 (0.4) to 3.7 (0.5) l/min/m2, pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratio from 1.2 (0.2) to 1.4 (0.2), and pulmonary vascular resistance index from 2232 (283) to 1768 (248) dyn.s.cm(-5). Two patients died, presumably of arrhythmic causes, who were in WHO class IV at baseline and who had improved during treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bosentan induces short and mid term clinical, exercise, and haemodynamic improvements in patients with PAH related to CHD. Larger studies with long term endothelin receptor antagonism are needed to assess the safety and possible treatment role of bosentan in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, Athens, GR 176 74, Greece. riapos@hol.gr
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Apostolopoulou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Manginas
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Cokkinos
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rammos
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077300:Bosentan; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D013449:Sulfonamides; D000077300:Bosentan