title: Does cigarette smoking provide clinically significant neuroprotection among patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease?
authors.forename: Spiridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papapetropoulos
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Jose M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: Jocely
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Deborah C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mash
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008136:Longevity; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*