title: Coupling micelle-mediated extraction using mixtures of surfactants and fluorescence measurements with a fiber-optic for the screening of PAHs in seawater.
abstract: The screening of PAHs from seawater samples using cloud-point extraction (CPE) as a step prior to their determination by fluorescence measurements with a fiber-optic is proposed. The CPE is carried out with the nonionic surfactants mixture POLE and Brij 30. The fluorescence measurement parameters were optimized, allowing selection of benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)Py) and benzo(k)fluoranthene (B(k)Ft) as the target analytes for the screening. The reproducibility of the whole screening system, expressed as relative standard deviation, was 9.0% for B(a)Py and 12.1% for B(k)Ft (both for n = 7). The reliability of the method was established at five concentrations for B(a)Py (between 0.5 and 3.3 times the detection limit: 0.31 ng ml(-1)) and at three concentrations for B(k)Ft (between 0.6 and 2.5 times the detection limit: 0.56 ng ml(-1)). The resolution of binary mixtures of these PAHs at different levels of concentration, and a study of the interferences with the rest of the PAHs were also carried out.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, University of La Laguna, Campus de Anchieta, Astrofisico Francisco Sanchez s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pino
authors.forename: Juan H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: Venerando
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Afonso
mesh_terms: D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D008823:Micelles; D055100:Optical Fibers; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008823:Micelles; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical