title: Psychological distress among women suffering from couple infertility in South Africa: a quantitative assessment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infertility in Africa is commonly associated with negative psycho-social consequences. To date, most studies from African countries addressing these consequences have been qualitative in nature. The aim of this study was to assess psychological distress quantitatively among women suffering from couple infertility in an urban community in South Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), a standardized instrument for the measurement of current psychological symptom status, was administered to 120 women at the time of their first presentation to an infertility clinic in a tertiary referral centre. The control group comprised 120 women presenting to local family planning clinics. In addition, socio-demographic information and data pertaining to the prevalence of abuse was captured through a structured questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women suffering from involuntary childlessness scored significantly higher on all sub-scales and the global indices of distress of the SCL-90-R when compared to controls. In addition, women who reported abuse from their male partners had significantly higher scores on six of the 12 test scales when compared to infertile women in non-abusive relationships.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Involuntary childlessness is associated with high levels of psychological distress. Women in abusive relationships are particularly at risk. This result is in keeping with several qualitative studies from African countries which describe infertility as an overwhelmingly negative and distressing experience. Cognizance needs to be taken of these experiences and effective interventions require medical, psychological and socio-cultural strategies.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Groote Schuur Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa. sdyer@uctgsh1.uct.ac.za
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Dyer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abrahams
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Mokoena
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lombard
authors.forename: Z M
authors.initials: ZM
authors.lastname: van der Spuy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D013019:South Africa; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000523:psychology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires