title: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis and in noncirrhotic patients: epidemiology and predictive factors of mortality in a prospective multicenter population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess epidemiologic features and predictive factors of mortality of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 6-month period, a prospective population-based study including all the UGIB occurring in a geographic area of 3 million people was conducted. Data from cirrhotic patients were compared with those of noncirrhotic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 2,133 UGIB were recorded, 21.9% in cirrhotic patients (n = 468). Endoscopic hemostasis was performed in 46.5% and 8.3% in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients, respectively (P < 0.001). Mortality during hospitalization was 23.5% in cirrhotic patients and 11.2% in noncirrhotic patients (P < 0.001). Six independent predictive factors of mortality were observed in both patient groups: a prothrombin level less than 40%, an UGIB occurring in inpatients, a concomitant digestive carcinoma, a hematemesis revealing the UGIB, a recent use of steroid drugs, and age over 60 years. Four other predictive factors of mortality were also identified in noncirrhotic patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although epidemiologic features, clinical course, management, and prognosis of UGIB were quite different in cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients, the majority of predictive factors of mortality were the same in both patient groups. These data underline the major role of debilitated status and hepatic failure in the prognosis of UGIB in cirrhotic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Rouen University Hospital, France. stephanelecleire@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lecleire
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Fiore
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Merle
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hervé
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duhamel
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudelli
authors.forename: Jean-Baptiste
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Nousbaum
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amouretti
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dupas
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gouerou
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Czernichow
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lerebours
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate