title: Eight years experience of high-powered endoscopic diode laser therapy for palliation of colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endoscopic laser therapy using neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has been shown to be effective in palliating symptoms of obstruction, bleeding, and discharge in patients with colorectal cancer. These patients usually have advanced inoperable disease at presentation or are unfit for surgery. We have used high-powered diode laser to palliate patients with inoperable colorectal cancer since 1994. This study was designed to determine the success rate of high-powered diode laser in palliating inoperable colorectal carcinoma and compare these figures with those published for Nd:YAG laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients undergoing high-powered diode laser therapy for colorectal carcinoma between June 1994 and October 2002 (inclusive) at St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom. Patient's notes and endoscopy records were reviewed to determine the indications for treatment, success of symptom palliation, complications, and survival for each patient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-seven patients (28 males), with a median age at first treatment of 82 (range, 51-93) years, were identified who had been palliated with high-powered diode laser therapy for colorectal carcinoma. The median number of treatments received by each patient was three (range, 1-16 treatments), with a median interval between treatments of 9.5 (range, 1-25) weeks. Lifelong palliation of symptoms occurred in 51 patients (89 percent). Major complications were two perforations and one hemorrhage, giving an overall complication rate of 5.3 percent. One of the patients who experienced perforation died, giving an overall mortality rate of 1.8 percent for the procedure. The median survival of the 51 patients palliated completely by laser therapy was 8.5 (range, 0.6-52) months, with a probability of survival at 24 months of 15 percent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-powered diode laser therapy is an effective method of providing palliation for obstruction, bleeding, and discharge in those patients with inoperable colorectal carcinoma. It produces results comparable to therapy with Nd:YAG laser and the equipment is cheaper, more compact, and portable.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Endoscopy and Colorectal Surgery, St. George's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Edward D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Courtney
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.forename: Roger J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Leicester
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009354:Neodymium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010166:Palliative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D009354:Neodymium