Adolescent resilience: a framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk.
Adolescent resilience research differs from risk research by focusing on the assets and resources that enable some adolescents to overcome the negative effects of risk exposure. We discuss three models of resilience-the compensatory, protective, and challenge models-and describe how resilience differs from related concepts. We describe issues and limitations related to resilience and provide an overview of recent resilience research related to adolescent substance use, violent behavior, and sexual risk behavior. We then discuss implications that resilience research has for intervention and describe some resilience-based interventions.
Fergus
Stevenson
S
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA. ferguss@umich.edu
Zimmerman
Marc A
MA
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D041923:Adolescent Development; D003142:Communication; D003256:Community Participation; D006293:Health Promotion; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D011634:Public Health / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D014754:Violence / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology