title: Comparison of two protocols of conscious analgosedation in video-assisted talc pleurodesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery (VATS) is classically performed using general anesthesia with a double-lumen endotracheal tube to allow collapse of the operated lung. However, according to our opinion, the risks of general anesthesia with one-lung ventilation could be accepted when major thoracic operation is planned, but it should be avoided or kept at minimum when performing less invasive procedures such as video-assisted talc pleurodesis. In this paper, 2 different protocols are described in order to demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) for performing VATS talc pleurodesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 65 neoplastic patients ASA III-IV who underwent video-assisted pleurodesis with talc nebulization. They were randomized into 2 homogenous groups: Group 1, received midazolam (0.015-0.030 mg/kg) and sufentanil (0.15-0.20 microg/kg); Group 2, received midazolam (0.15-0.2 mg/kg) and continuous remifentanil infusion 0.5-1 microg/kg/min in the first minute, followed by 0.05 microg/kg/min. Local anesthesia with 0.2% ropivacaine was employed before the thoracoscopic trocar was inserted in both groups. Intraoperative standard monitoring required ECG, heart rate, non-invasive blood pressure, transcutaneous carbon dioxide and oxygen saturation. Consciousness status has been evaluated by Ramsey scale, while pain intensity by VAS scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant fluctuations were observed for mean arterial pressure, heart rate, SpO(2), tCO(2), VAS and Ramsey score. No postoperative complications and hospital mortality occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both the protocols offer an efficient control of analgosedation with a minimum incidence of intraoperative and postoperative side effects. Anyway, the titration of the drug is very important.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical, Anesthesiological, Resuscitation and Emergency Sciences, Federico II University, 80134 Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gravino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Griffo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Storti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grossi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gily
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000698:Analgesia; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D018700:Pleurodesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D013627:Talc / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D013627:Talc