title: [Protective management for genetic information].
abstract: With advances in genomic and genetic medicine, genomic information is being used for the management of disorders. In addition, personalized medicine will be in practice in the near future. Because genetic information, i.e., disease diagnosis, gene mutations, and/or nucleotide sequences, remains unchanged through an individual's life, there are important issues for discussion, such as informed consent at sampling, protection of an individual's genetic information from any social discrimination, handling of samples, and genetic counseling. In this review, how to protect and manage the genetic information at researching and at medical practice, together with several bioethical guidelines regarding such issues, are described. A triangle system in which sample donators, directing physicians/researchers and genetic counselors participate, to manage genetic information appropriately, is also proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niikawa
mesh_terms: D001675:Bioethics; D030661:Genetic Privacy / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D012106:Research