title: Strain-insensitive and high-temperature long-period gratings inscribed in photonic crystal fiber.
abstract: We fabricate and demonstrate strain-insensitive and high-temperature long-period gratings in endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber by use of focused pulses of a CO2 laser and a periodic stress relaxation technique without geometrical deformation and elongation of the fiber. The thermal dependence of mode coupling at 1299.59 nm is 10.9 pm/degrees C from 24 to 992 degrees C, whereas the coefficient of strain sensitivity is -0.192 pm/muepsilon up to the maximum strain of 2.74%epsilon. It is found for what is believed to be the first time that, in contrast with the traditional fiber case, the coupling resonance shifts toward shorter wavelengths under applied strain, indicating that the refractive index of the core is decreased as a result of the rebuilding of tension attributed to the stress-elastic effect, and the cladding modes is highly dispersive because of airholes arranged in the fiber cladding.
authors.affiliation: Network Technology Research Center, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Research TechnoPlaza, Singapore 637553. eynzhu@ntu.edu.sg
authors.forename: Yinian
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shum
authors.forename: Hui-Wen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Bay
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Xia
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Juanjuan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Jianzhong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lu