title: Renal handling of uric acid in patients with type 1 diabetes in relation to glycemic control.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to compare the renal handling of uric acid (UA) in 16 patients with type 1 diabetes without renal failure (age 34.8 +/- 13.3 years) and in 15 healthy subjects (age 34.9 +/- 12.6 years).
  
  
  METHODS
  Creatinine clearance (Cr-Cl), clearance of uric acid (UA-Cl), fractional excretion of uric acid (UA-FE), and 24-h urinary UA excretion (UA-U) were determined. Glycemic control was assessed using fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin and fructosamine tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with diabetes had significantly (p < 0.0001) lower serum UA concentrations compared to control group (2.8 +/- 0.7 vs. 5.7 +/- 0.8 mg/dl), and higher urinary UA excretion (813 +/- 107 vs. 423 +/- 40 mg/day), UA clearance (21.9 +/- 7.1 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.9 mL/min) and fractional UA excretion (17.1 +/- 5.5 vs. 4.8 +/- 1.3%), with higher creatinine clearance (129 +/- 16 vs. 111 +/- 12 mL/min, p < 0.005). In patients with diabetes there was a strong negative correlation between serum UA concentration and UA 24-h excretion (R = -0.79; p < 0.001). Fractional UA excretion correlated with fasting glycemia and HbA1c (R = +0.51 and +0.53; p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In type 1 diabetes there is significant UA renal clearance increase, which is higher with poor glycemic control. It leads to hypouricemia despite an approximately twofold UA excretion increase and therefore despite increased UA synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gołembiewska
authors.forename: Kazimierz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ciechanowski
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Safranow
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kedzierska
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kabat-Koperska
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D014527:Uric Acid