title: CD38 controls ADP-ribosyltransferase-2-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation of T cell surface proteins.
abstract: ADP-ribosyltransferase-2 (ART2), a GPI-anchored, toxin-related ADP-ribosylating ectoenzyme, is prominently expressed by murine T cells but not by B cells. Upon exposure of T cells to NAD, the substrate for ADP-ribosylation, ART2 catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of the P2X7 purinoceptor and other functionally important cell surface proteins. This in turn activates P2X7 and induces exposure of phosphatidylserine and shedding of CD62L. CD38, a potent ecto-NAD-glycohydrolase, is strongly expressed by most B cells but only weakly by T cells. Following incubation with NAD, CD38-deficient splenocytes exhibited lower NAD-glycohydrolase activity and stronger ADP-ribosylation of cell surface proteins than their wild-type counterparts. Depletion of CD38(high) cells from wild-type splenocytes resulted in stronger ADP-ribosylation on the remaining cells. Similarly, treatment of total splenocytes with the CD38 inhibitor nicotinamide 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroarabinoside adenine dinucleotide increased the level of cell surface ADP-ribosylation. Furthermore, the majority of T cells isolated from CD38-deficient mice "spontaneously" exposed phosphatidylserine and lacked CD62L, most likely reflecting previous encounter with ecto-NAD. Our findings support the notion that ecto-NAD functions as a signaling molecule following its release from cells by lytic or nonlytic mechanisms. ART2 can sense and translate the local concentration of ecto-NAD into corresponding levels of ADP-ribosylated cell surface proteins, whereas CD38 controls the level of cell surface protein ADP-ribosylation by limiting the substrate availability for ART2.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: Sahil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adriouch
authors.forename: Fenja
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Braasch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Koestner
authors.forename: Edward H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Leiter
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seman
authors.forename: Frances E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oppenheimer
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haag
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koch-Nolte
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018189:Immunomagnetic Separation; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009243:NAD / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D009243:NAD; D019041:L-Selectin; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; C449322:Art2a protein, mouse; C449339:Art2b protein, mouse; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498155:Cd38 protein, mouse; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1