title: Increased phosphorylation and redistribution of NMDA receptors between synaptic lipid rafts and post-synaptic densities following transient global ischemia in the rat brain.
abstract: Ischemia results in increased phosphorylation of NMDA receptors. To investigate the possible role of lipid rafts in this increase, lipid rafts and post-synaptic densities (PSDs) were isolated by the extraction of rat brain synaptosomes with Triton X-100 followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Lipid rafts accounted for the majority of PSD-95, whereas SAP102 was predominantly located in PSDs. Between 50 and 60% of NMDA receptors were associated with lipid rafts. Greater than 85-90% of Src and Fyn were present in lipid rafts, whereas Pyk2 was mainly associated with PSDs. Lipid rafts and PSDs were isolated from animals subjected to 15 min of global ischemia followed by 6 h of recovery. Ischemia did not affect the yield, density, flotillin-1 or cholesterol content of lipid rafts. Following ischemia, the phosphorylation of NR1 by protein kinase C and tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A and NR2B was increased in both lipid rafts and PSDs, with a greater increase in tyrosine phosphorylation occurring in the raft fraction. Following ischemia, NR1, NR2A and NR2B levels were elevated in PSDs and reduced in lipid rafts. The findings are consistent with a model involving close interaction between lipid rafts and PSDs and a role for lipid rafts in ischemia-induced signaling pathways.
authors.affiliation: Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Besshoh
authors.forename: Damanpreet
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bawa
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Teves
authors.forename: M Christopher
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Gurd
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D021962:Membrane Microdomains / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000379:methods; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016708:Synaptophysin / Q000378:metabolism; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000076122:Disks Large Homolog 4 Protein; C501449:Dlg4 protein, rat; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D016708:Synaptophysin; D018800:Thy-1 Antigens; C106354:flotillins; C033652:postsynaptic density proteins; D002784:Cholesterol; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase