title: Antibiogram studies of Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 isolates from poultry and meat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Human infection with Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 has increased worldwide since last decade and has been shown to be related mainly with the consumption of poultry meat and eggs. The public health significance and economic importance of this serovar underscores the need to generate base line data on the antimicrobial susceptibilities and protein profile of indigenous S. enteritidis. This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibilities of S. enteritidis PhageType4 isolates from poultry and meat.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was carried out in the department of biological sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad during 1998--2000. A total of nineteen quinolone sensitive isolates of S. enteritidis from poultry meat and eggs collected during 1994--1998 were characterized. The isolates were serotyped and phage typed at federal institute of consumer Health and Veterinary Medicine, Wernigerode Germany. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed in accordance to the method of Bauer et al. (1966).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results of the standard disc diffusion test showed 100% resistance against bacitracin, erythromycin and novobiocin. All (100%) isolates were highly sensitive to chloramphenicol. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) tests using serial dilution of antimicrobial drugs revealed that 100% of the isolates were resistant against bacitracin, erythromycin and novobiocin at various levels of concentrations. Kanamycin, streptomycin and spectinomycin, all had very poor activity against serovar Enteritidis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest the limited therapeutic potential and low typability of this serovar.
authors.affiliation: Woman Medical College, Abbottabad. natrasweet@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nusrat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shaheen
authors.forename: Naheed
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fatima
authors.forename: Saraj-ud-Din
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Sajid
authors.forename: Abdus-Salam Khan
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gandapur
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010154:Pakistan / Q000453:epidemiology; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012478:Salmonella Food Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents