title: The Macedo-Malone antegrade continence enema procedure: early experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The successful treatment of fecal incontinence can dramatically improve the quality of life of affected children. The introduction of the Malone antegrade continence enema provides the opportunity to manage previously resistant cases. However, using the to create this catheterizable channel is not always possible, and the duration of these antegrade enemas is a source of concern for the patients. We describe a new approach to create left continent colonic access to shorten the duration of these enemas, and report the experience gained from the first 9 cases managed at our institution.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 5-year period 9 patients underwent a Macedo-Malone antegrade continence enema at our institution. Incontinence was associated with myelomeningocele in 7 patients and anorectal malformation in 2. The antegrade continence enema procedure is begun by isolating a 2 cm flap in a tenia on the left colon (spleen flexure). A 12Fr silicone Foley catheter is placed on the mucosal surface of the flap to allow tubularization of the plate with interrupted polyglycolic acid 3-zero transverse sutures, creating an efferent tubular conduit. Antegrade colonic washouts were started 2 weeks after surgery with saline solution or tap water in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Followup of our 9 cases ranged from 8 to 33 months (average 20.7). Enema volume varied from 250 to 800 ml, with administration taking from 45 to 60 minutes, and colonic evacuation occurred within 30 to 60 minutes of enema administration. Of the 9 patients 8 were completely continent and 1 was partially continent. Four patients experienced difficulty with catheterization initially because of stenosis of the stomal track. The affected stomas were dilated, which was successful in 1 case. Three patients subsequently required stomal revision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Macedo-Malone procedure is a relatively straightforward operative approach providing an effective washout technique that is acceptable to parents and children.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. aacalado@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Adriano Almeida
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Calado
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: Ubirajara
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: José Murillo
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Netto
authors.forename: Riberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liguori
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hachul
authors.forename: Gilmar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Garrone
authors.forename: Valdemar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srougi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002648:Child; D003125:Colostomy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004733:Enema / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008591:Meningomyelocele / Q000150:complications; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome