title: Indium-111 pentetreotide imaging of carcinoid tumor of the thymus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carcinoid tumors are relatively rare and can occur in the thorax, abdomen, or pelvis. Indium-111 pentetreotide scanning is useful for the identification of these tumors. In this report, we present imaging findings and discussion pertaining to a 43-year-old man who presented with Cushing's syndrome resulting from a thymic carcinoid tumor. The imaging is of interest because there is not only marked uptake of In-111 pentetreotide in the thymic carcinoid tumor, but also within the adrenal glands attributable to elevated tumor-derived ACTH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Planar and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images of the chest and abdomen were obtained 15 minutes after the injection of 6.6 mCi of In-111 pentetreotide. Further planar and SPECT images were obtained approximately 4 and 24 hours after injection of the radiopharmaceutical. Correlation of In-111 pentetreotide SPECT was made with laboratory results and CT evaluation of the chest and abdomen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial clinical workup for Cushing's syndrome included a contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance image that showed a small pituitary lesion thought to represent a microadenoma. Normal inferior petrosal venous sinus sampling for ACTH suggested there was an ectopic ACTH source. Subsequent CT of the chest identified a 3 x 3-cm enhancing mediastinal mass. Avid uptake within the mass on In-111 pentetreotide images suggested that the underlying cause of Cushing's syndrome was ACTH production from a thymic carcinoid. Increased uptake of In-111 pentetreotide was also noted within hyperplastic adrenal glands. Surgical resection and histologic evaluation established the diagnosis of a moderately differentiated thymic carcinoid tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case illustrates the complementary ability of In-111 pentetreotide planar and SPECT imaging and CT to diagnose an ACTH-producing thymic carcinoid tumor leading to adrenal hyperplasia and Cushing's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Camilo G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Borrero
authors.forename: Barry
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McCook
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mountz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003480:Cushing Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013004:Somatostatin; C081788:pentetreotide