title: Penile carcinoma (pT1 G2): surveillance or inguinal lymph node dissection?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to the low incidence of squamous cell penile cancer and lack of well-designed studies, controversies persist over the therapeutic approach in patients with pT1 G2 carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1992 and 2003, 16 patients with T1 squamous penile cancer were treated in our institution either by surveillance or by inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 8 primary lesions were classified as pT1 G2 carcinoma with 4 tumors developing early or delayed inguinal metastatic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The natural behavior of pT1 G2 squamous penile carcinoma and its metastatic potential has been underestimated in recent literature. Since morbidity after early ILND has markedly decreased and its superiority over delayed ILND has been shown, we advocate the early modified inguinal lymph node dissection until strong prognostic factors for positive inguinal lymph nodes have been validated.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein Campus Kiel, Germany. c.naumann@urology.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Carsten Maik
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Naumann
authors.forename: Niko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Filippow
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Seif
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Roelver
authors.forename: Peter Martin
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Braun
authors.forename: Klaus-Peter
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Juenemann
authors.forename: Francisco José Martinez
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Portillo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007264:Inguinal Canal / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016019:Survival Analysis