title: TATA-binding protein (TBP)-like factor (TLF) is a functional regulator of transcription: reciprocal regulation of the neurofibromatosis type 1 and c-fos genes by TLF/TRF2 and TBP.
abstract: The lack of direct targets for TATA-binding protein (TBP)-like factors (TLFs) confounds the understanding of their role in gene expression. Here we report that human TLF (also called TBP-related factor 2 [TRF2]) activates a number of different genes, including the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene. The overexpression of TLF increases the amount of NF1 mRNA in cells. In vivo, TLF binds to and upregulates transcription from a fragment of the NF1 promoter. In vitro, purified TLF-TFIIA binds directly to the same NF1 promoter fragment that is required for TLF responsiveness in cells. Furthermore, targeted deletion of TLF in mice reduces NF1 levels. In contrast, TLF inhibits transcription driven by a fragment from the TATA-containing c-fos promoter by sequestering TFIIA. TBP affects the NF1 and c-fos promoters in a manner reciprocal to that of TLF, stimulating the c-fos promoter and inhibiting NF1 transcription. We conclude that TLF is a functional regulator of transcription with targets distinct from those of TBP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Enders 1309, 320 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Jayhong A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Chong
authors.forename: Magdalene M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teichmann
authors.forename: J Stefan
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kaczmarek
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roeder
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Clapham
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics*; D016514:Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011485:Protein Binding; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000235:genetics*; D035182:TATA Box Binding Protein-Like Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D035182:TATA Box Binding Protein-Like Proteins; D035181:TATA-Box Binding Protein; C441409:TBPL1 protein, human