title: Incidental ovarian 18F-FDG accumulation on PET: correlation with the menstrual cycle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the nature of incidental ovarian( 18)F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation on positron emission tomography (PET) and the correlation with the menstrual cycle and menopause.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 19 incidental FDG accumulations in the ovary (FAOs). FDG PET images were compared with other anatomical imaging methods [magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography (US)]. Pathological findings, FDG PET scan during the next menstrual cycle and follow-up images (PET, CT and MRI) were reviewed. To establish the relation of FAOs to the menstrual cycle, we reviewed whole-body FDG PET acquired from 207 consecutive women and the pre-examination questionnaires, including data regarding the menstrual cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All spherical or discoid FAOs were attributed to normally developing ovarian follicles and corpora lutea on the basis of concurrent MRI, US or the follow-up PET scan. Three of the FAOs were proved pathologically to be either normal ovaries or a haemorrhagic corpus luteum. Fifteen FAOs spontaneously disappeared on the short-term follow-up PET scans. Of 207 women, 61 had active menstrual cycles. FAOs were found in 12 out of 61 premenopausal women (20%), appearing between the 10th and 25th days of the menstrual cycle. No FAOs were found in the women who did not have a menstrual cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physiological ovarian FDG accumulation could be found around the time of ovulation and during the early luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in premenopausal woman. Since FAO is dependent on the menstrual cycle, it can be avoided by scheduling PET just after menstruation.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, 809 Madu Ilsan Goyang, Gyeonggi 411-769, Korea.
authors.forename: Seok-Ki
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Keon Wook
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Ju Won
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Jung Suk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sim
authors.forename: Eun Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang-Yoon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008593:Menopause; D008597:Menstrual Cycle; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D010053:Ovary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013997:Time Factors; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18