The P450cam G248E mutant covalently binds its prosthetic heme group.
Previous studies on mammalian peroxidases and cytochrome P450 family 4 enzymes have shown that a carboxylic group positioned close to a methyl group of the prosthetic heme is required for the formation of a covalent link between a protein carboxylic acid side chain and the heme. To determine whether there are additional requirements for covalent bond formation in the P450 enzymes, a glutamic acid or an aspartic acid has been introduced into P450(cam) close to the heme 5-methyl group. Spectroscopic and kinetic studies of the resulting G248E and G248D mutants suggest that the carboxylate group coordinates with the heme iron atom, as reported for a comparable P450(BM3) mutant [Girvan, H. M., Marshall, K. R., Lawson, R. J., Leys, D., Joyce, M. G., Clarkson, J., Smith, W. E., Cheesman, M. R., and Munro, A. W. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 23274-23286]. The two P450(cam) mutants have low catalytic activity, but in contrast to the P450(BM3) mutant, incubation of the G248E (but not G248D) mutant with camphor, putidaredoxin, putidaredoxin reductase, and NADH results in partial covalent binding of the heme to the protein. No covalent attachment is observed in the absence of camphor or any of the other reaction components. Pronase digestion of the G248E P450(cam) mutant after covalent attachment of the heme releases 5-hydroxyheme, establishing that the heme is covalently attached through its 5-methyl group as predicted by in silico modeling. The results establish that a properly positioned carboxyl group is the sole requirement for autocatalytic formation of a heme-protein link in P450 enzymes, but also show that efficient covalent binding requires placement of the carboxyl close to the methyl but in a manner that prevents strong coordination to the iron atom.
Limburg
Julian
J
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0446, USA.
LeBrun
Laurie A
LA
Ortiz de Montellano
Paul R
PR
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002164:Camphor / Q000378:metabolism; D019475:Camphor 5-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002384:Catalysis; D042926:Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000235:genetics; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics; D006418:Heme / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats
D007527:Isoenzymes; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006418:Heme; D002164:Camphor; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D019475:Camphor 5-Monooxygenase; C465478:CYP4A11 protein, human; D042926:Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A; D005998:Glycine