title: Effect of chlorophyllin-chitosan on excretion of dioxins in a healthy man.
abstract: We investigated the usefulness of chitosan and chlorophyllin-chitosan (chl-chitosan) administration for reduction of the body burden of environmental dioxins, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/ Fs) and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs), by examining the excretion levels in the feces and sebum of a healthy man. The volunteer ate the same three meals every day during the 40-d experiment, which was composed of five phases (I-V) of 8 d each. In phase I (days 1-8), the volunteer was given only the basal diet. In phases II-V, 0.2 g of chitosan, 0.6 g of chitosan, 0.2 g of chl-chitosan, and 0.6 g of chl-chitosan, respectively, were administered immediately after each meal. We measured daily the amount of dioxins occurring in the feces and sebum during the last 5 d of each phase. The total toxicity equivalency (TEQ) of the dioxin in phases I-V were 27, 26, 38, 36, and 67 pg/d in the feces and 20, 19, 16, 16, and 14 pg/d in the sebum, compared with 74 pg/d in the food. The excretion of dioxins in the feces was significantly increased in phases III, IV, and V, being 140% (p < 0.05), 135% (p < 0.05), and 249% (p < 0.01) of the control level (phase I). Although the dioxin in the sebum was slightly decreased in phase V as compared with the control level, the total amount of excreted dioxin in feces and sebum was increased significantly in phase V, being 174% of the control level, which is almost the same level as that in the food. This indicates that chl-chitosan can prevent accumulation of dioxin, at least at the intake level of normal foods.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan. kitamura.kimiyoshi@nies.go.jp
authors.forename: Kimiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Hikoya
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hayatsu
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
mesh_terms: D048271:Chitosan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002735:Chlorophyllides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D004147:Dioxins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012629:Sebum / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002735:Chlorophyllides; D004147:Dioxins; D048271:Chitosan; C007020:chlorophyllin