title: Rad51 siRNA delivered by HVJ envelope vector enhances the anti-cancer effect of cisplatin.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Every cancer therapy appears to be transiently effective for cancer regression, but cancers gradually transform to be resistant to the therapy. Cancers also develop machineries to resist chemotherapy. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been evaluated as an attractive and effective tool for suppressing a target protein by specifically digesting its mRNA. Suppression of the machineries using siRNA may enhance the sensitivity to chemotherapy in cancers when combined with an effective delivery system.
  
  
  METHODS
  To enhance the anti-cancer effect of chemotherapy, we transferred siRNA against Rad51 into various human cancer cells using the HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan, Sendai virus) envelope vector in the presence or absence of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP, cisplatin). The inhibition of cell growth was assessed by a modified MTT assay, counting cell number, or fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis after Annexin V labeling. The synthetic Rad51 siRNA was also introduced into subcutaneous tumor masses of HeLa cells in SCID mice with or without intraperitoneal injection of CDDP, and tumor growth was monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When synthetic Rad51 siRNA was delivered into HeLa cells using the HVJ envelope vector, no Rad51 transcripts were detected on day 2, and Rad51 protein completely disappeared for 4 days after siRNA transfer. When HeLa cells were incubated with 0.02 microg/ml CDDP for 3 h after siRNA transfer, the number of colonies decreased to approximately 10% of that with scrambled siRNA. The sensitivity to CDDP was enhanced in various human cancer cells, but not in normal human fibroblasts. When Rad51 siRNA was delivered into tumors using the HVJ envelope vector, the Rad51 transcript level was reduced to approximately 25%. Rad51 siRNA combined with CDDP significantly inhibited tumor growth when compared to siRNA or CDDP alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rad51 siRNA could enhance the sensitivity to CDDP in cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that the combination of CDDP and Rad51 siRNA will be an effective anti-cancer protocol.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565 -0871, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nimura
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
authors.forename: Katsuto
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamai
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kaneda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002452:Cell Count; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005347:Fibroblasts; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051135:Rad51 Recombinase / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics*; D029082:Sendai virus / Q000235:genetics*; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D051135:Rad51 Recombinase; D002945:Cisplatin