title: [Substance abuse in middle and old age-everyday drug alcohol and nicotine: use and abuse].
abstract: Alcohol as a semi-luxury item is socially accepted in our society and its usage constitutes a normative behaviour. The transition from consumption to abuse is often rapid. Results supply evidence for widely spread alcohol addictions in Germany. The following paper examines the consumption and the abuse of alcohol using the data from the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adulthood (ILSE). The findings of a questionnaire investigating diet and medical examination data [interview data referring to alcohol consumption and laboratory findings concerning Gamma-Glutamyl-Transferase levels (Gamma-GT-levels)] based on two cohorts (years of birth 1930-1932 and 1950-1952) from centres of investigation in Heidelberg and Leipzig are adopted in this study. The centre comparison indicates higher alcohol consumption in the Leipziger study participants. The findings register less alcohol usage at the second measurement point, where as the Gamma-GT-levels rise and a greater endangering of health can, therefore, be noted. Besides alcohol, cigarettes are a widely accepted everyday drug in Germany. The health risks are enormous (e. g. high blood pressure, bronchitis and lung cancer). The smoking habits of the two cohorts will be described at two measurement points concerning participants from Heidelberg and Leipzig. The cohort comparison demonstrates a significant disadvantage of the younger women, although, as for as, the men are concerned no clear difference can be found.
authors.affiliation: Universität Leipzig, Institut für Entwicklungs- Persönlichkeitspsychologie und Psychodiagnostik, Seeburgstrasse 14-20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ettrich@rz.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Ettrich
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fischer-Cyrulies
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019371:Topography, Medical; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase