title: Outpatient biofeedback relaxation of the pelvic floor in treating pediatric dysfunctional voiding: a short-course program is effective.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We report the treatment results of a short course of biofeedback relaxation of the pelvic floor (BRPF) in treating children with dysfunctional voiding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen girls and 6 boys with videourodynamically proved dysfunctional voiding were enrolled. To increase the awareness of the abnormal voiding pattern, the anatomy of the pelvis and the results of a voiding diary and videourodynamics were extensively explained to the patients/parents. Surface electromyography and uroflowmetry were used as biofeedback tools to teach the adequate relaxation of the pelvic floor during voiding. The child was asked to practice the relaxation technique at home at least twice a day. BRPF was performed once a week until the child had 2 consecutive normal bell-shaped uroflow recordings. Patients were reevaluated at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after BRPF training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age was 8.3 +/- 3.8 years. The mean number of BRPF training sessions was 2.2 +/- 0.9. The mean follow-up period was 18.9 months. Normalization of abnormal uroflowmetry was achieved in 18 patients (90%). The mean maximal uroflow rate and voided volume increased from 13.3 +/- 4.3 to 18.0 +/- 3.4 ml/s (p < 0.01) and from 138 +/- 56 to 193 +/- 65 ml (p < 0.01), respectively. The postvoiding residual urine decreased from 54.5 +/- 47.6 to 21.3 +/- 10.6 ml (p < 0.01). Complete and partial resolution of voiding symptoms was achieved in 14 (70%) and 6 patients (30%), respectively. Recurrence was noted in 2 of the 10 patients who had complete resolution of symptoms and who had been followed up for more than 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-course outpatient BRPF is an effective treatment of pediatric dysfunctional voiding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, En Chu Kong Hospital, Colleges of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shei Dei Yang
authors.forename: Chung Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009126:Muscle Relaxation; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012074:Remission Induction; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000628:therapy*