[Estrogen and bone metabolism--basic research].
Biological functions of estrogen are exerted mainly through binding to the nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor alpha, beta (ERalpha, beta) , which regulate the transcription of target genes. Recent studies have revealed its direct effect on bone at molecular level, which is mediated by a complicated network of various cytokines. In addition, it is suggested not only that both estrogen and androgen have independent roles in bone metabolism, but also they have common non-genotropic and anti-apoptotic pathways in bone cells.
Kawano
Hirotaka
H
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
Kawaguchi
Hiroshi
H