title: [Tuberculosis epidemiology in area 15 of the Spanish autonomous community of Valencia: evolution from 1987 through 2001].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the evolution of tuberculosis epidemiology in Area 15 of the Autonomous Community of Valencia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases of tuberculosis were identified by active case finding in Area 15 from January 1987 through December 2001. Clinical and epidemiological data were extracted from case records and a patient interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred seventy-six diagnosed cases of mycobacterial infection were identified (459 tuberculosis, 16 atypical, and 1 mixed); 423 tuberculosis patients were residents of Area 15. The mean annual incidence rate was 24.6/100 000 population, representing a rate decrease of 41.5% from 1990. The most frequent risk factors were smoking (38%), alcoholism (20%), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (18%), and contact with a tuberculosis patient (14%). The site of tuberculosis involvement was the lung in 61% (49% bacillus positive, with a nonsignificant trend to decrease over time), nonpulmonary in 26%, and mixed in 13%. The radiographic pattern observed most often was pulmonary infiltrates (67%), and lower lobe involvement tended to increase over time. Diagnosis was by acid-fact bacillus stain for 77%, clinical picture for 16%, and histological for 7%. Isoniazid resistance was detected in 1.5% and rifampicin resistance in 0.3%. Patients were hospitalized during diagnosis in 79% of cases; the mean stay was 18 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of tuberculosis has decreased in spite of the HIV pandemic. Risk factors have not changed, bacteriological diagnosis has improved, and the location of pulmonary infiltrates has changed. No influence of immigration on the incidence rate of tuberculosis has been detected to date.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Marina Baixa, Villajoyosa, Alicante, Spain. calpe_jos@gva.es
authors.forename: Jl
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calpe
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chiner
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Armero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Calpe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents