title: Functional bladder capacity and urine osmolality in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess functional day-time bladder capacity (DBC) and urine osmolality in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) according to age and sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 263 children with PMNE were divided into two groups: Group I, 160 children (63 girls, 97 boys) aged 5-9 years (mean age 7.14+/-1.47 years); and Group II, 103 children (25 girls, 78 boys) aged 10-15 years (mean age 12.26+/-1.52 years). DBC (milliliters) was the largest void of the day measured over four 24-h periods, irrespective of the diet applied. Urine osmolality was determined three times: in the evening before bed-time; at night, 2-4 h after falling asleep; and in the morning in the nocturnal void.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DBC was smaller in Group I than in Group II (151.27 vs 199.46 ml; p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in relation to sex (p>0.05). The mean osmolality of the nocturnal void in the morning was 854.15 and 909.22 mOsmol/kg H(2)O in Groups I and II, respectively (p>0.05). Differences between boys and girls were not statistically significant (p>0.05). No correlation was found between DBC and urine osmolality (p>0.05). A detailed analysis of the results revealed DBC below the 5th percentile or above the 95th percentile in 23/263 cases (8.7%), reduced osmolality (< 800 mOsmol/kg H(2)O) in 76/263 (28.8%), a familial nature of nocturnal enuresis in 124/263 (47.1%) and difficulty waking in 86/263 (32.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with PMNE aged 5-15 years, functional DBC increases with age and does not differ between the sexes; the mean nocturnal urine osmolality is neither age- nor sex-dependent.
authors.affiliation: I Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-724 Bialystok, Poland. agatakozerska@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Agata
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korzeniecka-Kozerska
authors.forename: Walentyna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zoch-Zwierz
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wasilewska
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004775:Enuresis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012737:Sex Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000503:physiopathology*