title: Up-regulation of Akt and eNOS induces vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation in hypertension in vivo.
abstract: Recent studies have shown that angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated Akt activation induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dedifferentiation in vitro. However, the critical signal transductions affecting the VSMC phenotype remain unclear in vivo. We examined whether signal transduction through AT1 receptor-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) could regulate the VSMC phenotype in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs). Male SHRSPs were randomized and treated for 6 weeks with a vehicle, an ACE inhibitor cilazapril, or an AT1 receptor antagonist E4177. The 2 drugs showed equipotent effects on the blood pressure, aortic morphology, and collagen deposition. Both drugs also significantly reduced aortic NAD(P)H oxidase activity and p38MAPK and ERK expression, whereas p-Akt, eNOS, and SM2 were significantly increased in SHRSP aortas. Furthermore, E4177 was more effective than cilazapril at inducing VSMC differentiation by reducing NAD(P)H oxidase activity, and up-regulating p-Akt, eNOS, and SM2. Thus, an ACE inhibitor and an AT1 receptor antagonist inhibited VSMC dedifferentiation through inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase activity and up-regulation of eNOS and Akt in SHRSP aortas, suggesting that in contrast to the in vitro experiments, AT1 receptor-mediated NAD(P)H oxidase-generated ROS, eNOS, and Akt might be crucial determinants for the VSMC phenotype in hypertension in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Umemoto
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umeji
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Masunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; C494920:Akt1 protein, rat; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt