title: Cigarette smoking increases human vitamin E requirements as estimated by plasma deuterium-labeled CEHC.
abstract: Cigarette smoking (CS) is a well-described oxidant burden in humans. We hypothesized that CS would accelerate alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) utilization leaving less for metabolite (CEHC) production. After labeled alpha-T consumption (75 mg each of d(3)-RRR-alpha-TAc and d(6)-all-rac-alpha-TAc) by smokers and nonsmokers (n = 10/group), CS increased alpha-T disappearance and decreased plasma and urinary CEHCs. Plasma d(3)/d(6)-alpha-T ratios were approximately 1.4 during supplementation and approximately 2 from days 5 to 17. d(3)/d(6)-alpha-CEHC ratios were on average 0.29 +/- 0.05, confirming that all-rac-alpha-tocopherol is metabolized more efficiently. CEHC may be a good marker of vitamin E status, and smokers may have an increased vitamin E requirement.
authors.affiliation: Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: Rajasekhar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Maret G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Traber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002839:Chromans / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D003903:Deuterium; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002839:Chromans; C483420:carboxyethyl-hydroxychroman; D014810:Vitamin E; D003903:Deuterium; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol