title: Effects of erdosteine on smoking-induced lipid peroxidation in healthy smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress caused by smoking has been implicated in many pulmonary diseases. Smoking causes reductions in plasma nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) concentrations and increases in plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, which indicate oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, respectively. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of smoking a single cigarette on the plasma concentrations of NOx and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) including MDA, and whether administration of erdosteine, a mucolytic and antioxidant agent, affects these parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty healthy smokers were included in the study. Subjects smoked a single cigarette in 10 minutes on the study day. For analysis of NOx, TBARS and cotinine, blood was drawn from each subject before and 5 and 30 minutes after smoking. The subjects were then randomly divided into two groups, one receiving placebo and the other erdosteine suspension 175mg/5mL twice daily for 1 month. After this treatment period, the same study protocol was carried out. Two subjects in the placebo and five subjects in the study group were excluded because of noncompliance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three (14 female, 9 male) subjects completed the study. Their mean age was 32 +/- 8 years and their smoking history was 14 +/- 9 pack-years. Baseline NOx, TBARS and cotinine concentrations were similar between the groups. NOx concentrations decreased significantly after smoke exposure. At the end of the treatment period there were no significant differences in NOx, TBARS or cotinine concentrations between the groups. The concentration of TBARS after smoking decreased significantly in the erdosteine-treated group (at 5 minutes: 2.8 +/- 0.5 micromol/L before treatment and 2.3 +/- 0.3 micromol/L after treatment, p < 0.05; at 30 minutes: 2.8 +/- 0.5 micromol/L before treatment and 1.8 +/- 0.7 micromol/L after treatment, p < 0.05). Smoking history was significantly correlated with cotinine concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute smoke exposure decreased plasma NOx concentrations in healthy smokers, and this was not changed with erdosteine treatment. However, significant decreases were noted in TBARS concentrations after smoke exposure in the group that received erdosteine, suggesting that short-term erdosteine administration might help prevent smoking-induced lipid peroxidation.
authors.affiliation: Chest Disease Department, Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey. dr_basiygit@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ilknur
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Basyigit
authors.forename: Fusun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yildiz
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cekmen
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: Olcay
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bulut
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000097:blood; D009573:Nitrites / Q000097:blood; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D013864:Thioglycolates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D013864:Thioglycolates; D013876:Thiophenes; C048498:erdosteine