title: A second protein kinase CK1-mediated step negatively regulates Wnt signalling by disrupting the lymphocyte enhancer factor-1/beta-catenin complex.
abstract: Deregulated activation of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway leads to stabilization of beta-catenin and is critically involved in carcinogenesis by an inappropriate induction of lymphocyte enhancer factor (LEF-1)/beta-catenin-dependent transcription of Wnt target genes. Phosphorylation of the pathway components beta-catenin, Dishevelled, Axin and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, CK1 and CK2 is of central importance in the regulation of the beta-catenin destruction complex. Here, we identify CK1 and CK2 as major kinases that directly bind to and phosphorylate LEF-1 inducing distinct, kinase-specific changes in the LEF-1/DNA complex. Moreover, CK1-dependent phosphorylation in contrast to CK2 disrupts the association of beta-catenin and LEF-1 but does not impair DNA binding of LEF-1. Sequential phosphorylation assays revealed that for efficient disruption of the LEF-1/beta-catenin complex, beta-catenin also has to be phosphorylated. Consistent with these observations, CK1-dependent phosphorylation inhibits, whereas CK2 activates LEF-1/beta-catenin transcriptional activity in reporter gene assays. These data are in line with a negative regulatory function of CK1 in the Wnt signalling pathway, where CK1 in addition to the beta-catenin destruction complex at a second level acts as a negative regulator of the LEF-1/beta-catenin transcription complex, thereby protecting cells from development of cancer.
authors.affiliation: ABDA - Federal Union of German Associations of Pharmacists, Jägerstr. 49/50, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hämmerlein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiske
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Huber
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D047389:Casein Kinase I / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D047390:Casein Kinase II / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D017930:Genes, Reporter / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D010766:Phosphorylation; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C497573:LEF1 protein, human; D051821:Lymphoid Enhancer-Binding Factor 1; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D012694:Serine; D004247:DNA; D008156:Luciferases; D047389:Casein Kinase I; D047390:Casein Kinase II