title: Phosphorus speciation in broiler litter and turkey manure produced from modified diets.
abstract: Modifying poultry diets by reducing mineral P supplementation and/or adding phytase may change the chemical composition of P in manures and affect the mobility of P in manure-amended soils. We studied the speciation of P in manures produced by broiler chickens and turkeys from either normal diets, or diets with reduced amounts of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and/or phytase, using a combination of chemical fractionation and synchrotron X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. All broiler litters were rich in dicalcium phosphate (65-76%), followed by aqueous phosphate (13-18%), and phytic acid (7-20%); however, no hydroxylapatite was observed. Similarly, normal turkey manure had 77% of P as dicalcium phosphate and had no hydroxylapatite, while turkey manure from diets that had reduced NPP and phytase contained equal proportions of dicalcium phosphate (33-45%) and hydroxylapatite (35-39%). This is attributed to the higher total Ca to P ratio (>2) in modified turkey manures that resulted in transformation of more soluble (dicalcium phosphate) to less soluble P compounds (hydroxylapatite). Chemical fractionation showed that H2O-extractable P was the predominant form in broiler litter (56-77%), whereas aqueous phosphate determined with XANES was <18% indicating that H2O probably dissolved mineral forms of P (e.g., dicalcium phosphate). Results show that HCl extraction primarily removed phytic acid from broiler litters and normal turkey manure, while it removed a mixture of hydroxylapatite and phytic acid from modified turkey manures. The combination of chemical fractionation and XANES provided information about the nature of P in these manures, which may help to devise best management practices for manure use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. gurpal@udel.edu
authors.forename: Gurpal S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Toor
authors.forename: J Derek
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Peak
authors.forename: J Thomas
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Sims
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D004032:Diet; D008372:Manure / Q000032:analysis*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D010758:Phosphorus