title: Panic-agoraphobic spectrum and light sensitivity in a general population sample in Italy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to verify a possible correlation between panic symptoms and photosensitivity, not only in panic disorder (PD) but also in the panic-agoraphobic spectrum.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-nine healthy and drug-free subjects completed the Structured Clinical Interview for Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum-Lifetime version (SCI-PAS-Lifetime) and the Photosensitivity Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SCI-PAS-Lifetime total score was positively correlated with the total score of the PAQ photophobia subdimension (r = 0.44; P < 0.001); the SCI-PAS-Lifetime total score was not significantly correlated with the photophilia subdimension. As photophobia increased, we observed significant score increases in all SCI-PAS-Lifetime domains. Bivariate correlation showed higher coefficient correlation between the panic-like symptoms domain and photophobia (r = 0.44; P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high total score in the SCI-PAS-Lifetime, which denotes more typical features of the spectrum, is associated with a higher level of light sensitivity and intolerance toward bright stimuli. This finding reflects clinical evidence that widely documents photophobic behaviours in subjects with PD and the importance of light stimuli exposure during the onset and course of such a disorder. Bright stimulation seems to be relevant both in PD diagnosed according to current DSM criteria and in the entire panic-agoraphobic spectrum, from nuclear elements of the disorder through subclinical states to the normal condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, University of Siena, Italy. bossini2@unisi.it
authors.forename: Letizia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bossini
authors.forename: Mirko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martinucci
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paolini
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castrogiovanni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D020795:Photophobia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine