title: X- and Y-chromosome specific variants of the amelogenin gene allow sex determination in sheep (Ovis aries) and European red deer (Cervus elaphus).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simple and precise methods for sex determination in animals are a pre-requisite for a number of applications in animal production and forensics. However, some of the existing methods depend only on the detection of Y-chromosome specific sequences. Therefore, the abscence of a signal does not necessarily mean that the sample is of female origin, because experimental errors can also lead to negative results. Thus, the detection of Y- and X-chromosome specific sequences is advantageous.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A novel method for sex identification in mammals (sheep, Ovis aries and European red deer, Cervus elaphus) is described, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of a part of the amelogenin gene. A partial sequence of the amelogenin gene of sheep and red deer was obtained, which exists on both X and Y chromosomes with a deletion region on the Y chromosome. With a specific pair of primers a DNA fragment of different length between the male and female mammal was amplified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCR amplification using the amelogenin gene primers is useful in sex identification of samples from sheep and red deer and can be applied to DNA analysis of micro samples with small amounts of DNA such as hair roots as well as bones or embryo biopsies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Goettingen, Germany. ipfeiff@gwdg.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brenig
mesh_terms: D053523:Amelogenin; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D017931:DNA Primers; D003670:Deer; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D050172:Genes, X-Linked; D050173:Genes, Y-Linked; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012732:Sex Determination Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D053523:Amelogenin; D017931:DNA Primers; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins