title: Alcohol intake and aortic stiffness in young men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to protect against cardiovascular disease. Aortic stiffness can be regarded as a marker of cardiovascular disease risk. Previously we have shown an inverse to J-shaped association between alcohol intake and aortic stiffness in middle-aged and elderly men and postmenopausal women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study we examined whether a relation between alcohol intake and aortic stiffness is already present at a younger age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data of a cohort study in men and women aged 28 years were analysed stratified by gender (240 men and 283 women).
  
  
  METHODS
  Alcohol intake was derived from a questionnaire and aortic stiffness was assessed by pulse-wave velocity measurement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women an alcoholic beverage intake of >/=1 glass/day is associated with a 0.36 m/s (95% confidence interval, -0.58 to -0.14) lower pulse-wave velocity compared with non-drinkers. In men alcohol intake is also inversely related to pulse-wave velocity, but this was not significant. These findings were independent of age, blood pressure and heart rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that moderate intake of alcohol may affect vascular stiffness at an early age, notably in women. These findings may be viewed as compatible with a vascular protective effect of alcohol that expresses well before the occurrence of symptomatic cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Annette P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: van den Elzen
authors.forename: Aafje
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sierksma
authors.forename: Anath
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oren
authors.forename: Lydia E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Vos
authors.forename: Jacqueline C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Witteman
authors.forename: Diederick E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: Henk F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: Cuno S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Uiterwaal
authors.forename: Michiel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bots
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution