title: Diplopia secondary to endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Diplopia after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is rare but very serious. In this study, we investigated the characteristics, prognosis and treatment of diplopia occurring after ESS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis was carried out to investigate three patients with diplopia after ESS referred to us from other hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In one case, an improvement in ocular motility was seen after surgical treatment. In the other cases, no improvement was observed, despite surgical treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In order to prevent diplopia after ESS, the surgeon must possess a complete anatomical knowledge obtained by means of cadaveric dissection, the ability to carefully read preoperative CT scans and the necessary surgical experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun Jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chang-Hoon
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Min Soo
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Joo-Heon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004172:Diplopia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed