title: The effect of fear on paralinguistic aspects of speech in patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia.
abstract: The present study investigated the effect of fear on paralinguistic aspects of speech in patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia (N = 25). An experiment was conducted that comprised two modules: Autobiographical Talking and Script Talking. Each module consisted of two emotional conditions: Fearful and Happy. Speech was recorded digitally and analyzed using PRAAT, a computer program designed to extract paralinguistic measures from digitally recorded spoken sound. In addition to subjective fear, several speech characteristics were measured as a reflection of psychophysiology: rate of speech, mean pitch and pitch variability. Results show that in Autobiographical Talking speech was slower, had a lower pitch, and a lower pitch variability than in Script Talking. Pitch variability was lower in Fearful than in Happy speech. The findings indicate that paralinguistic aspects of speech, especially pitch variability, are promising measures to gain information about fear processing during the recollection of autobiographical memories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Psychology, Nijmegen University, PO BOX 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands. m.hagenaars@psych.kun.nl
authors.forename: Muriel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hagenaars
authors.forename: Agnes
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Minnen
mesh_terms: D000379:Agoraphobia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology*; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D008037:Linguistics; D008568:Memory; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D011603:Psychophysiology; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013060:Speech / Q000502:physiology*; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013637:Tape Recording