title: [Effects of simultaneous epidural administration of ropivacaine and morphine on the post-operative pain in the gynecologic patients].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined the effects of simultaneous epidural administration of ropivacaine with morphine on the level of the post-operative
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-one patients were assigned to one of three groups [ropivacaine (R), ropivacaine + morphine (RM) or morphine (M)]. In the R group, 5 ml of 1% ropivacaine bolus was administered just before the skin incision followed by infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine (5 ml x hr(-1)) during the first 48 hours after the operation. In the RM and M groups, 5 ml of 1% ropivacaine + 2 mg of morphine bolus was administered just before the skin incision followed by infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine (RM group, 5 ml x hr(-1)) or saline (M group, 5 ml x hr(-1)) + 4 mg x day(-1) of morphine during the first 48 hours after the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The score of post-operative pain in the R group is higher than that of the MR group or that of M group. There is no difference between the score of post-operative pain of the MR group and that of the M group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggested that simultaneous epidural administration of ropivacaine with morphine produces no beneficial effect as compared with morphine alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670.
authors.forename: Waka
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000577:Amides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077212:Ropivacaine
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D000077212:Ropivacaine