title: Identification of biomarkers for tumor endothelial cell proliferation through gene expression profiling.
abstract: Extensive efforts are under way to identify antiangiogenic therapies for the treatment of human cancers. Many proposed therapeutics target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR/VEGF receptor-2/FLK-1), the mitogenic VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by endothelial cells. Inhibition of KDR catalytic activity blocks tumor neoangiogenesis, reduces vascular permeability, and, in animal models, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Using a gene expression profiling strategy in rat tumor models, we identified a set of six genes that are selectively overexpressed in tumor endothelial cells relative to tumor cells and whose pattern of expression correlates with the rate of tumor endothelial cell proliferation. In addition to being potential targets for antiangiogenesis tumor therapy, the expression patterns of these genes or their protein products may aid the development of pharmacodynamic assays for small molecule inhibitors of the KDR kinase in human tumors.
authors.affiliation: Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, WP26-462, West Point, PA 19486, USA. james_hardwick@merck.com
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hardwick
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chunsheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McFall
authors.forename: Elizabeth J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Koury
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Hongyue
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wasserman
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Kohl
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Severino
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sepp-Lorenzino
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000166:cytology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D040301:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2