title: Childhood hyperactivity-inattention symptoms and smoking in adolescence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the study was to examine in both genders the link between childhood hyperactivity-inattention symptoms (HI-s) and smoking in adolescence, controlling for psychopathology, temperament and environmental risk factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects (421 males, 495 females), aged 7 to 18, were recruited in the GAZEL cohort representative of the general population and surveyed in 1991 and 1999. Parent and adolescent self-report measures were used to assess child psychopathology and smoking patterns. Logistic regression was used to assess the effects of childhood hyperactivity-inattention symptoms and other predictors on adolescent smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In females, hyperactivity-inattention symptoms contributed independently to subsequent daily smoking (OR=1.98, p=0.04). In males, hyperactivity-inattention symptoms alone did not increase the risk for smoking. Conduct disorder symptoms was an important predictor in males (OR=2.95, p<0.01) and females (OR=1.75, p=0.09). The risk of adolescent smoking was significantly increased in boys with high activity level (OR=1.70, p=0.03) and decreased in shy girls (OR=0.60, p=0.02). Parental smoking increased the liability to smoking in their offspring (males: OR=1.96, p<0.01; females: OR=1.63, p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If replicated, these findings suggest a role for smoking prevention in girls with hyperactivity-inattention symptoms and in boys with high activity level.
authors.affiliation: McGill University, Montreal children's Hospital, Child Psychiatry, Montreal, Canada. cedricgalera@yahoo.ca
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Galéra
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fombonne
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Chastang
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bouvard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology