title: Facets and determinants of quality of life in patients with recurrent high grade glioma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess patients with recurrent high grade brain glioma with the aim of evaluating facets of quality of life (QOL) and their association with mood, cognition, and physical performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety four glioma patients (four groups with different duration of glioma recurrence) were compared with 24 patients with other chronic neurological diseases and 48 healthy subjects. The Functional Living Index-Cancer (FLIC) provided QOL self evaluations, and standardised scales and neuropsychological tests assessed physical performance, mood, and cognition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In glioma patients, factor analysis of the FLIC items documented five domains: Psychological well being, Role/sociability, Inner experience of disease, Isolation/sharing, and Nausea. Higher FLIC total scores were related to better cognition, physical performances, and mood, and lower grading; poorer Psychological well being and worse Inner experience of disease to depressed mood; minor Role/sociability to worse cognitive and physical performances and higher grading; worse Nausea to longer disease duration. Compared with healthy subjects, all glioma groups were cognitively impaired and more anxious, and two groups with short duration of recurrence were also more depressed. Patients with chronic neurological diseases showed worse mood and cognitive abilities compared with healthy subjects, but performed attention tests better than glioma patients. Glioma and chronic disease patients showed similar FLIC scores and autonomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that QOL of recurrent high grade glioma patients is multifaceted and determined by multiple factors. Disease severity does not necessarily eliminate the possibility of expressing personal feelings and opinions which could provide criteria for clinical decision making and psychological support.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Carlo Besta National Neurological Institute, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy. rgiovagnoli@istituto-besta.it
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Giovagnoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silvani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boiardi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000209:etiology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011788:Quality of Life; D012934:Social Isolation / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires