title: Rapid detection of group B streptococcus and Escherichia coli in amniotic fluid using real-time fluorescent PCR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish reliability and validity of real-time fluorescent PCR for early detection of bacterial invasion of the amniotic cavity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amniotic fluid samples from 40 patients undergoing mid-trimester genetic amniocentesis were incubated for 6 h at 37 degrees C and were cultured on media specific for group B streptococcus (GBS) and E. coli. Concurrently, samples were analyzed with real-time fluorescent PCR (Roche LightCycler) using DNA primers and probes designed to detect the CAMP factor encoding cfb gene and uidA gene of GBS and E. coli, respectively. For positive control and to simulate amniotic fluid colonization, 104 cfu/ml of GBS and E. coli were inoculated on sterile amniotic fluid and incubated for 6 h. Bacterial genomic DNA for the two organisms was extracted and purified via the two-step precipitation method using a commercial kit. The real-time PCR assays were also tested against 25 non-GBS and non-E. coli bacterial species. The lower limit of detection for each pathogen was established using serial dilution of bacterial genomic DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patient samples were negative for evidence of GBS and E. coli with both culture and real-time PCR methods. Amniotic fluid samples inoculated with GBS and E. coli were positive with real-time PCR whereas the 25 bacterial species other than GBS or E. coli tested negative with the assay. Average total sample processing time including the pre-enrichment step was 7 h 40 min. The average cost for DNA extraction and PCR testing was 8.50 dollars per test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time fluorescent PCR is a valid and reliable method for detection of specific pathogens in amniotic fluid. This technique is sensitive for low inoculation levels. Real-time fluorescent PCR has potential to impact clinical management as a rapid, reliable detection method for GBS and E. coli in chorioamnionitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Grant Medical Center, Travis AFB, CA 94535, USA. michelle.straka@60mdg.travis.af.mil
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Straka
authors.forename: Wifred
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dela Cruz
authors.forename: Camille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blackmon
authors.forename: Oswald
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stassen
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Streitman
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stamilio
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010414:Pennsylvania; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology; D013292:Streptococcus agalactiae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004269:DNA, Bacterial