title: Molecular simulation of ligand-binding with DNA: implications for 125I-labeled pharmaceutical design.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  By using computer-assisted molecular modeling software, to assess the effects of structural modification on the interaction of 125I-labeled iodoHoechst ligands and DNA and to design new analogs with specified distances between the Auger-electron-emitting 125I atom and the DNA central axis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Lamarckian genetic algorithm (AutoDock 3.0) was used to model the interaction between DNA and m-iodo-p-methoxyHoechst (IMH), a ligand whose binding to the minor groove of DNA has been demonstrated (crystal structure) and which is available in the Protein Data Bank. m-Iodo-p-ethoxyHoechst (IEH), a radioligand we had previously synthesized and characterized, was then docked onto DNA, the IEH-DNA complex minimized, and the binding free energy and inhibition constant (Ki) estimated and compared with those for IMH-DNA. Using the protocol, several novel iodoHoechst analogs (IH-A and IH-B) were designed. Finally, Insight II was used to measure the distances between the iodine atom (e.g. 125I) of these Hoechst analogs and of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) and the central axis of the targeted DNA, and these values were correlated with the expected/measured DSB yield following 125I decay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The docking of IMH and DNA leads to a ligand-DNA complex approximately 1 A RMSD (root mean square deviation) from the crystal-structure position, and the IEH-DNA complex also has a small RMSD (1.27 A). The distances between the 125I atom and the DNA central axis are estimated as 8.61 A for IMH, 9.20 A for IEH and 5.7A for IdUrd. For the newly designed analogs, the distances from the 125I atom to the central DNA axis are 10.92 A for IH-A and 16.39 A for IH-B.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These software programs can predict the reactivity of newly designed radiolabelled molecules with their targeted DNA molecules by molecular modeling prior to their chemical synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Armenise Building, D2-137, Boston, MA 02115-5729, USA.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S James
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Adelstein
authors.forename: Amin I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Kassis
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D015195:Drug Design; D004583:Electrons; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000737:chemistry*; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods*; D008024:Ligands; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008024:Ligands; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D004247:DNA