title: Association of polymorphisms in the cyclin D1 and XPD genes and susceptibility to cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract.
abstract: DNA repair enzyme genetic polymorphisms have been postulated to increase the risk of certain cancers in the presence of tobacco carcinogen exposures. The XPD protein is an important component of the TFIIH transcription factor complex. XPD genetic polymorphisms resulting in amino acids substitutions may lead to alterations in TFIIH helicase activity, resulting in repair and transcription defects. Cyclin D1 is a key regulatory protein for the transition of cells from the G(1)-S cell cycle phase. The CCND1 G870A polymorphism has been reported to enhance alternate splicing of a stable mRNA variant, which may result in the bypass of the G(1)/S cell cycle checkpoint. In this study, XPD G23591A (Asp312Asn) and A35931C (Lys751Gln) polymorphisms and the CCND1 G870A splice variant frequencies were determined in 273 upper aero-digestive tract cancer cases and 269 controls. The XPD Asp312Asn variant frequency was significantly different among cases and controls and conferred an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.8). However, individuals with the CCND1 G870A and XPD Lys751Gln variants had higher age adjusted ORs of 3.2 (95% CI 2.2-4.6) and 2.2 (95% CI 1.5-3.2), respectively. Furthermore, a significant gene-gene interaction was observed among cases with at least two variant alleles for both CCND1 and XPD genes [OR 7.09 (95% CI 4.03-12.5)]. Smokers with a combination of at least one variant allele of both CCND1 and XPD genes also had an elevated risk as compared to nonsmokers. This is the first study to suggest an associative interaction between XPD and CCND1 genetic polymorphisms, tobacco exposure, and cancer risk.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 100 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
authors.forename: Shama
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buch
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Autumn Gaither
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Dominic
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Odom
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Siegfried
authors.forename: Jennifer R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Grandis
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Romkes
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000235:genetics*; D004265:DNA Helicases / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D012907:Smoking; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D019938:Cyclin D1; D004265:DNA Helicases; D051759:Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group D Protein; C497292:ERCC2 protein, human