title: Identification of the layers of the bladder wall on high-frequency endoluminal ultrasonography by a needle puncture experiment.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to identify the layers of the bladder wall on high-frequency endoluminal ultrasonography (ELUS). We performed a needle puncture experiment using five normal pig bladders. The histologic layer structure was compared with the ELUS images obtained using a 30-MHz miniature transducer. The bladder wall was depicted as five layers by ELUS and these corresponded to the histologic layers. The first layer (hyperechoic) was a margin echo that included the epithelium and the upper part of the lamina propria. The second layer (hypoechoic) corresponded to the lamina propria and the third layer (hyperechoic) was a margin echo that included the upper part of the muscle layer. The fourth layer (hypoechoic) corresponded to the muscle layer, and the fifth layer (hyperechoic) was a margin echo that included the upper part of the adventitia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan. kazu0809@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods*; D004848:Epithelium / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009339:Needles; D011677:Punctures; D013552:Swine; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*