title: Improvement of metabolic state in an animal model of nutrition-dependent type 2 diabetes following treatment with S 23521, a new glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues are considered potential drugs for type 2 diabetes. We studied the effect of a novel GLP-1 analogue, S 23521 ([a8-des R36] GLP-1-[7-37]-NH2), on the metabolic state and beta-cell function, proliferation and survival in the Psammomys obesus model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. Animals with marked hyperglycaemia after 6 days of high-energy diet were given twice-daily s.c. injection of 100 microg/kg S 23521 for 15 days. Food intake was significantly decreased in S 23251-treated P. obesus; however, there was no significant difference in body weight from controls. Progressive worsening of hyperglycaemia was noted in controls, as opposed to maintenance of pre-treatment glucose levels in the S 23521 group. Prevention of diabetes progression was associated with reduced mortality. In addition, the treated group had higher serum insulin, insulinogenic index and leptin, whereas plasma triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid levels were decreased. S 23521 had pronounced effect on pancreatic insulin, which was 5-fold higher than the markedly depleted insulin reserve of control animals. Immunohistochemical analysis showed islet degranulation with disrupted morphology in untreated animals, whereas islets from S 23521-treated animals appeared intact and filled with insulin; beta-cell apoptosis was approximately 70% reduced, without a change in beta-cell proliferation. S 23521 treatment resulted in a 2-fold increase in relative beta-cell volume. Overall, S 23521 prevented the progression of diabetes in P. obesus with marked improvement of the metabolic profile, including increased pancreatic insulin reserve, beta-cell viability and mass. These effects are probably due to actions of S 23521 both directly on islets and via reduced food intake, and emphasize the feasibility of preventing blood glucose deterioration over time in type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine and The Hadassah Diabetes Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, P.O. Box 12000, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uçkaya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Delagrange
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chavanieu
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grassy
authors.forename: M-F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Berthault
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ktorza
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cerasi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leibowitz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005849:Gerbillinae; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; C499487:S 23521; D005934:Glucagon