title: Familial predictors of childhood shyness: a study of the United Arab Emirates population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Phobic anxiety disorders generally breed true. In this regard, family studies have suggested an association between childhood shyness and maternal social phobia. In this study, the relationship between childhood shyness and maternal social anxiety was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  203 5-year-old children from an Arabian Gulf community and their mothers were evaluated. The children were assessed in stage 1 using the shyness scale of Stevenson-Hinde and Glover and the Preschool Behavior Checklist (PBCL), while mothers completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. In the second stage, blind clinical interviews were carried out to ascertain the diagnosis of psychiatric diagnoses, if any, using DSM-IV criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  27% of the children were identified as shy using the shyness scale of Stevenson-Hinde and Glover and 19% scored above the cutoff for behavioral disturbance on the PBCL. Child shyness was associated with female gender and maternal social anxiety as indicated by scores on the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, while an inverse relationship was noted with behavioral disturbance. The odds of the child having a high shyness score was increased if the mother had social anxiety (odds ratio = 2.14) and the child lived in a family that was 'not socially active' (odds ratio = 1.42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our initial findings suggest that there may be a complex interaction between maternal social anxiety and family sociability in childhood shyness. Prospective longitudinal work is indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. veapen@uaeu.ac.ae
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Eapen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghubash
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sabri
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002652:Child Behavior; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012737:Sex Factors; D012792:Shyness; D014479:United Arab Emirates / Q000208:ethnology