title: Alpha-tocopherol transfer protein deficiency in mice causes multi-organ deregulation of gene networks and behavioral deficits with age.
abstract: Functions of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) in vivo, other than those for fertility in females, are intensely debated. The discovery of alpha-T deficiency in patients with ataxia (AVED) followed by the identification of mutations in the gene encoding alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) in AVED patients demonstrates an essential role of alpha-T and TTP for normal neurological function. alpha-T molecular targets that account for alpha-T-sensitive neurological dysfunction remain to be discovered. We have used high-density oligonucleotide arrays to search for putative alpha-T-sensitive genes in the CNS and other tissues in an in vivo model of alpha-T deficiency imposed at birth by the deletion of the TTP gene in mice. Repression of genes affecting synaptic function and myelination and induction of genes for neurodegeneration in the motor cortex of alpha-T-deficient mice were identified. The expression of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (ROR-alpha) was repressed in the cortex and adrenal glands of TTP-deficient mice. Deficiency of ROR-alpha causes ataxia in mice and may account for ataxia in AVED patients. These observations suggest that some of the actions of alpha-T are mediated by the transcription factor ROR-alpha. The behavior of young TTP-null mice was essentially normal, but older mice showed inactivity, ataxia, and memory dysfunction. mRNA profiles of old alpha-T-deficient cerebral cortices are compatible with repressed activity of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. In conclusion, gene-expression profiling studies have identified novel alpha-T-modulated genes and cells in the CNS that may be causatively linked with delayed neurodegeneration and age-related decline in behavioral repertoires.
authors.affiliation: Center for Comparative Respiratory and Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. kgohil@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Kishorchandra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gohil
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Godzdanker
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Roark
authors.forename: Bettina C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Schock
authors.forename: Ramesh R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kaini
authors.forename: Lester
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Packer
authors.forename: Carroll E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Maret G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Traber
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001259:Ataxia / Q000235:genetics; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009154:Mutation; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000502:physiology; D057094:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1; D057095:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 2; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000502:physiology; D014811:Vitamin E Deficiency
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D057094:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1; D057095:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D015534:Trans-Activators; C017763:alpha-tocopherol transfer protein; D014810:Vitamin E