title: Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism.
abstract: Diminished gaze fixation is one of the core features of autism and has been proposed to be associated with abnormalities in the neural circuitry of affect. We tested this hypothesis in two separate studies using eye tracking while measuring functional brain activity during facial discrimination tasks in individuals with autism and in typically developing individuals. Activation in the fusiform gyrus and amygdala was strongly and positively correlated with the time spent fixating the eyes in the autistic group in both studies, suggesting that diminished gaze fixation may account for the fusiform hypoactivation to faces commonly reported in autism. In addition, variation in eye fixation within autistic individuals was strongly and positively associated with amygdala activation across both studies, suggesting a heightened emotional response associated with gaze fixation in autism.
authors.affiliation: Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, 1500 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2280, USA. kmdalton@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Kim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Dalton
authors.forename: Brendon M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Nacewicz
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johnstone
authors.forename: Hillary S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Morton Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gernsbacher
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: Andrew L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005149:Facial Expression; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis