title: Cardiac risk assessment of asymptomatic patients by stress echocardiography before infrarenal aortic aneurysm surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Aggressive cardiac assessment before aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA) surgery is indicated for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Assessment of intermediate and moderate risk patients is still under debate. The purpose of the study was to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of stress echocardiography (SE) in the detection of CAD in patients undergoing AAA surgery who have no symptoms and/or signs of CAD, but who have risk factors for it.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with 1 or more risk factors for CAD underwent SE. All patients with positive SE underwent coronary arteriography, and, when indicated, treatment. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were calculated for SE by comparing results to coronary arteriography. Moreover, major perioperative cardiac events were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-one patients with AAA and risk factors for CAD were studied. SE was positive in 9 cases, including 7 presenting critical CAD on the basis of coronary arteriography. One major cardiac event (1.1%), a nonfatal myocardial infarction, occurred in 1 patient with positive SE and non-critical, single-vessel CAD. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of SE proved to be 100%, 98%, 78%, 100%, and 92%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive SE should be considered a valid method for testing high-risk patients for CAD. The low rate of major cardiac events in this series suggests that cardiac assessment by SE and selective coronary arteriography prior to AAA surgery is effective in asymptomatic patients with one or more risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, San Martino Hospital, 16132 Genova, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palombo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vola
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lucertini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mazzei
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grana
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castagnola
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000601:surgery*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity