title: Telephone interpersonal counseling with women with breast cancer: symptom management and quality of life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effectiveness of a telephone interpersonal counseling (TIP-C) intervention compared to a usual care attentional control for symptom management (depression and fatigue) and quality of life (positive and negative affect, stress) for women with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental with repeated measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic cancer center and urban, private oncology offices.
  
  
  METHODS
  48 women with breast cancer who were in their mid-50s, married, and employed at the time of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women were assigned to either the six-week TIP-C or attentional usual care groups. Women were matched on stage and treatment. Data were collected at baseline, after the six interventions, and one month postintervention. Measures included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, and Index of Clinical Stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Depression, positive and negative affect, fatigue, and stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women in the intervention group experienced decreases in depression, fatigue, and stress over time and increases in positive affect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preliminary results partially supported the effectiveness of TIP-C for symptom management and quality of life. The authors hypothesized that decreased depression, reduced negative affect, decreased stress, decreased fatigue, and increased positive affect over time would be the resulting psychosocial effects, given the theoretical underpinnings of the intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nurses need to assess the quantity and quality of the social support network early in treatment; women with less social support need to be referred to counseling and support services. Because these women have limited participation in face-to-face interventions, they should be encouraged to participate in telephone or online support programs or in other programs or organizations (e.g., churches, social clubs) that would provide support.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. tbadger@nursing.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Badger
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Segrin
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Meek
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonham
authors.forename: Amelia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sieger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000451:nursing* / Q000523:psychology*; D003376:Counseling; D005221:Fatigue; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D024802:Nurse's Role; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013689:Telephone; D016896:Treatment Outcome