title: Pharmaceutical insurance and the demand for prescription pharmaceuticals in Västerbotten, Sweden.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of pharmaceutical insurance on the demand for prescription pharmaceuticals in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden. As the patients do not bear the full marginal costs of the pharmaceuticals they consume when pharmaceutical insurance systems are present, this could induce patients to over-consume pharmaceutical treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data covering all prescription pharmaceuticals sold in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden during the year 2001 have been provided by the local county council. Data include information concerning the gender and age of the patient, the number of defined daily doses, total cost, and the patient's co-payment for the prescription. The hypothesis that patients will consume more (or perhaps more expensive) pharmaceuticals when there is pharmaceutical insurance is tested by means of regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show that both the quantities dispensed and the price of the pharmaceuticals consumed increase when the pharmaceutical insurance system pays part of the total cost of the pharmaceuticals consumed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that introducing a small patient co-payment for all prescriptions should be an effective measure to decrease pharmaceutical consumption.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden. niklas.rudholm@econ.umu.se
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rudholm
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017046:Cost Savings; D016527:Drug Costs; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005252:Fees, Pharmaceutical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services / Q000191:economics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013548:Sweden