title: [Cardioprotective effects of K(ATP) channel opener nicorandil during ischemia/ reperfusion in dogs].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To further confirm the effect of nicorandil in reducing the area of myocardial infarct is through the mediation of activation of the KATP channel but not by its nitrate-like properties, and to determine whether the protective effect is the same or not when the drug is either given immediate after infarction or after reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five dogs were randomly divided into five groups as follows. Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) group: the dogs were subjected to 90 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery(LAD) occlusion followed by 120 minutes reperfusion. Pre-nicorandil (PNIC) group: nicorandil(NIC) 100 microg/kg was administrated by intravenous injection 10 minutes before occlusion, followed by infusion of 10 microg x kg(-1) x min (-1) of the drug till the end of reperfusion. Ischemia nicorandil(INIC) group: NIC 100 microg/kg was administered by intravenous injection 15 minutes after occlusion and 10 microg x kg(-1) x min (-1) of drug intravenously till the end of reperfusion. In the Onset reperfusion treated with nicorandil(RNIC) group: NIC 100 microg/kg was administered intravenously at the onset of reperfusion followed by 10 microg x kg(-1) x min (-1)of drug intravenously up to the end of reperfusion. Glibenclamide(GLIB)+INIC group: before NIC was administered, dogs were pretreated with GLIB 0.3 mg/kg for 10 minutes, and other treatment was the same as INIC group. Hemodynamics data were determined as baseline, 60 minutes post-occlusion, and 120 minutes post-reperfusion. By using 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, the infarct areas were analyzed with image analyzer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that at 60 minutes post-occlusion, cardiac output (CO) was reduced in every group compared with baseline (all P<0.01), CO value recovered at 120 minutes after reperfusion in both PNIC and INIC group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in heart rate (HR), mean artery pressure(MAP), mean pulmonary artery pressure(MPAP), pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP) values among all the groups. A marked reduction in the infarct area was found in PNIC group and INIC group (P<0.01) compared with IR group. Administration of GLIB before INIC shows to have no protective effect (P>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study shows that nicorandil which is a K ATP channel activator, could mimic the effect of ischemic pre-conditioning of the myocardium, by reducing the area of myocardial infarct.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, Guangzhou 510010, Guangdong, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiao-bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Dao-gang
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Jian-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial; D054086:KATP Channels / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D020108:Nicorandil / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D054086:KATP Channels; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D020108:Nicorandil