title: Pterygium/pinguecula and the five-year incidence of age-related maculopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between baseline pterygium and pinguecula and the five-year incidence of age-related maculopathy (ARM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 residents aged 49+ years during 1992 to 1994 and then re-examined 2335 (75.1% of survivors) after five years. Retinal photographs were graded using the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. Slit-lamp examination recorded pterygium and pinguecula. Eye-specific data were analyzed using generalized estimating equation models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjusting for age, gender, and smoking, eyes with pterygium or previous pterygium surgery had a higher risk of incident late ARM, odds ratio (OR) 3.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 10.3, early ARM (OR 1.8, CI 1.1 to 2.9) and soft drusen (OR 2.0, CI 1.9 to 3.4), than eyes without pterygium. We found no association between pinguecula and incident ARM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found that pterygium was associated with a two- to threefold increased risk of incident late and early ARM.
authors.affiliation: Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Thuan Quoc
authors.initials: TQ
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Jie Jin
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rochtchina
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales / Q000453:epidemiology; D010781:Photography; D011625:Pterygium / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors