title: Effects on the glottal voice source of vocal loudness variation in untrained female and male voices.
abstract: Subglottal pressure is one of the main voice control factors, controlling vocal loudness. In this investigation the effects of subglottal pressure variation on the voice source in untrained female and male voices phonating at a low, a middle, and a high fundamental frequency are analyzed. The subjects produced a series of /pae/ syllables at varied degrees of vocal loudness, attempting to keep pitch constant. Subglottal pressure was estimated from the oral pressure during the /p/ occlusion. Ten subglottal pressure values, approximately equidistantly spaced within the pressure range used, were identified, and the voice source of the vowels following these pressure values was analyzed by inverse filtering the airflow signal as captured by a Rothenberg mask. The maximum flow declination rate (MFDR) was found to increase linearly with subglottal pressure, but a given subglottal pressure produced lower values for female than for male voices. The closed quotient increased quickly with subglottal pressure at low pressures and slowly at high pressures, such that the relationship can be approximated by a power function. For a given subglottal pressure value, female voices reached lower values of closed quotient than male voices.
authors.affiliation: Department of Speech Music Hearing, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-120044 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundberg
authors.forename: Ellinor
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fahlstedt
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005931:Glottis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008144:Loudness Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010699:Phonation / Q000502:physiology*; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013018:Sound Spectrography; D013061:Speech Acoustics; D014833:Voice Quality / Q000502:physiology*