title: Prospective evaluation of emerging bacteria in cystic fibrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacteria contribute considerably to the progression of lung disease in cystic fibrosis. In this prospective, multi-centre study, we aimed to evaluate the occurrence of emerging bacteria and the physicians' assessments of the clinical importance of these findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve CF centres (total number of patients: 1419) reported the detection of any Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Burkholderia cepacia complex, MRSA, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Klebsiella species and Mycobacteria during an observation period of 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  213 specimens with emerging bacteria were reported from 145 different patients. The proportion of patients with emerging bacteria differed between centres (3-38%, mean: 12.6%) and increased with age. The predominant bacterium was S. maltophilia (n=106 positive specimens), followed by Klebsiellae (n=36), B. cepacia complex (n=31), A. xylosoxidans (n=16), Mycobacteria (n=11), MRSA (n=11), and others (n=2). In many instances the same microorganisms had already been reported earlier, indicating intermittent or chronic colonisation. The clinical status was reported to be stable in 70% of patients, and antibiotic treatment was anticipated for 46% of positive specimens. Comparison of clinical data to age matched controls did not reveal any significant differences with regard to pulmonary and nutritional status prior to detection of emerging bacteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest a high variability between centres regarding the prevalence of emerging bacteria. Most patients maintained a stable clinical condition during the 6-month study period despite being colonised with emerging bacteria.
authors.affiliation: CF-Centre Hamburg-Altona and Clinical Research, Hannover, Germany. steinkamp@med-wiss.com
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steinkamp
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wiedemann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rietschel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krahl
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gielen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bärmeier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ratjen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires