title: Morphology, toxin composition and pigment content of Prorocentrum lima strains isolated from a coastal lagoon in southern UK.
abstract: Prorocentrum lima was isolated from the coastal Fleet lagoon, Dorset, UK in 2000 and a number of clonal cultures established. These were analyzed for okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1), DTX-2, DTX-4 and diol esters by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. OA concentrations varied from 0.4 to 17.1pg OAcell(-1) and DTX-1 from 0.4 to 11.3pg DTX-1cell(-1); DTX-2 was not detected in these isolates. OA and DTX-1 were detected in the culture media, as a result of toxin excretion. DTX-4 and a selection of DTX-4 diol esters were identified using selected ion monitoring, although not all strains produced these compounds. Cell size and number of marginal and valve pores of each strain were observed using scanning electron microscopy. OA and DTX-1 concentrations, pigment content and changes in nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the culture media were followed during growth of one strain of P. lima in batch culture. Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins have been previously detected in shellfish cultivated in the Fleet lagoon, but in the absence of any Dinophysis sp. cells. The identification of toxic P. lima strains from the Fleet suggests that this dinoflagellate is the most probable source of occasional DSP detected in the lagoon.
authors.affiliation: School of Ocean and Earth Science, Southampton Oceanography Centre, The University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
authors.forename: Silvia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: Duncan A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Purdie
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004739:England; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D011714:Pyrans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012623:Seawater; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D011714:Pyrans; C114940:dinophysistoxin 4; D019319:Okadaic Acid; C051904:dinophysistoxin 1; C076221:dinophysistoxin 2