title: A light microscopical study on the structure of traumatic neuromas of the human lingual nerve.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the morphologic characteristics of traumatic neuromas resulting from damage to the lingual nerve during the surgical removal of lower third molar teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using light microscopy, we examined hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of neuromas removed at the time of microsurgical nerve repair in 31 patients. Changes in fascicular pattern were quantified and evidence of inflammation was recorded. Statistical comparisons were made between the sections from patients with and without symptoms of dysesthesia, and with sections of normal lingual nerve obtained from organ donor retrieval patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The neuromas were found to contain large numbers of small and haphazardly arranged regenerating nerve fascicles within a densely collagenous and fibroblastic stroma. The mean number of fascicles was 31 (+/- SD 28) in normal lingual nerve, but 462 (+/- 366) within traumatic neuromas. Mean fascicle diameter was 44 (+/- 10) microm in neuromas, but 273 (+/- 101) microm in normal nerve. A chronic mononuclear cell inflammatory infiltrate was observed in 42% of neuroma specimens, and histologic signs of inflammation were frequently seen in patients with symptoms of dysesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Damage to the lingual nerve during third molar removal results in marked changes to the fascicular pattern and sometimes the presence of chronic inflammation in the injured nerve. These changes could contribute to the altered electrophysiological properties of axons trapped within traumatic neuromas, but we found no significant differences between the specimens studied from patients with or without symptoms of dysesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK. amitrvora@msn.com
authors.forename: Amit R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: Alison R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Loescher
authors.forename: Geoff T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Fiona M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Boissonade
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001369:Axons / Q000473:pathology; D020209:Cranial Nerve Injuries / Q000150:complications; D003390:Cranial Nerve Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006987:Hypesthesia / Q000209:etiology; D061222:Lingual Nerve Injuries; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration; D009443:Neuritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009463:Neuroma / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*