title: Contemporary survival results and the role of radiation therapy in patients with node negative seminal vesicle invasion following radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Seminal vesicle invasion (SVI) in a radical prostatectomy (RRP) specimen is associated with a guarded prognosis. We evaluated patients with SVI treated in the pre-prostate specific antigen (PSA) (1983 to 1991) and PSA (1992 to 2003) eras.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of patients with prostate cancer treated with RRP from January 1983 through March 2002, 220 with SVI were evaluated, including 67 in the pre-PSA era and 153 in the PSA era. Postoperative PSA greater than 0.2 ng/ml was considered biochemical evidence of cancer progression. Survival rates were compared using Kaplan-Meier estimates to calculate progression-free, cancer specific and all cause survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to correlate variables with disease progression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of SVI in the PSA era was lower than in the pre-PSA era (6.0% vs 10.2%, p = 0.001). To date 124 patients (56%) have had evidence of cancer progression. The 4 and 7-year progression-free, cancer specific and all cause survival rates were significantly higher in men with SVI in the PSA era (p = 0.02). PSA at diagnosis, cancerous surgical margins and higher Gleason score were significantly associated with progression. Neither adjuvant nor salvage radiotherapy appeared to confer a significant progression-free survival benefit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of SVI has decreased in the PSA era. Progression-free, cancer specific and all cause survival rates following RRP in patients with SVI have improved in the PSA era. This may reflect earlier detection in this pathological tumor stage and more favorable prognostic factors associated with PSA screening. Adjuvant radiotherapy does not appear to confer any therapeutic benefit. Salvage radiotherapy can lead to durable PSA regressions in a small percent of men, although no long-term survival advantage can be proved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Scott E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Eggener
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Roehl
authors.forename: Norm D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jo Ann V
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Antenor
authors.forename: Misop
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Catalona
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen