Health economics of renal replacement therapy: perspectives from Singapore.
The prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Singapore is high and projected to increase sharply due to the aging population and the high prevalence of diabetes. The number of patients treated with dialysis was projected to rise from 2633 in 1999 to nearly 6000 in the year 2010. The cost of dialysis provision was estimated to increase 2.5-fold from US dollar 90 million in 1999 to US dollar 241 million in 2010. To address this, the Singapore Ministry of Health launched three initiatives in the year 2000: First, to reduce the incidence of ESRD through (1) primary prevention of diabetes, (2) community-based screening to facilitate early detection of patients with diabetes, (3) improving glycemic and blood pressure (BP) control of diabetics in the primary care setting, and (4) the establishment of dedicated Renal Retardation clinics to optimize BP control (and glycemic control for diabetics), and reduce the level of proteinuria in patients at high risk of ESRD development. Second, to increase the percentage of ESRD patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), which is a lower-cost modality compared with hemodialysis; and third, amendments to the existing opt-out legislation for organ procurement for transplantation to increase the supply of kidneys for cadaveric renal transplant.
Tan
Chorh-Chuan
CC
Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. pvotancc@nus.edu.sg
Chan
Choong-Meng
CM
Ho
Chee-Khun
CK
Wong
Kok Seng
KS
Lee
Evan J C
EJ
Woo
Keng Thye
KT
D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000191:economics*; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology