title: Prevalence and predictors of multiple behavioral risk factors for colon cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper examines the prevalence of behavioral risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) (e.g., red meat consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, multivitamin intake, alcohol, smoking, and physical inactivity), co-occurrence among these behaviors, and motivation for change among patients at increased risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample included 1,247 patients with recent diagnosis of adenomatous colorectal polyps. Within 4 weeks following the polypectomy, participants completed a baseline survey by telephone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six percent of participants had not been diagnosed with polyps before. Fifty-eight percent of the sample had red meat as a risk factor, 63% had fruit and vegetable consumption as a risk factor, 54% did not take a daily multivitamin, and 44% had physical activity as a risk factor. In contrast, only 9% of the sample had alcohol consumption as a risk factor and only 14% were current smokers. The prevalence of the six individual risk factors was combined into an overall multiple risk factor score (MRF). The average number of risk factors was 2.43. Men, those with a high school education or below, those reporting fair or poor health status, and those with less self-efficacy about risk factor change had more risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need for multiple risk factor interventions that capitalize on natural intersections among intra- and interpersonal factors that maintain them.
authors.affiliation: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard School of Public Health, Center for Community-Based Research, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA. karen_m_Emmons@dfci.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Karen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Emmons
authors.forename: Colleen M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: McBride
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Puleo
authors.forename: Kathryn I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pollak
authors.forename: Bess H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Napolitano
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clipp
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Onken
authors.forename: Francis A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Farraye
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004522:Educational Status; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009657:North Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins