title: Adhesion molecules as a prognostic marker of liver cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Endothelial activation plays an active role in modifications of the circulatory status of cirrhotic patients. Soluble endothelial adhesion molecules, induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, could be considered markers of endothelial activation. Their role in the natural history of cirrhosis and portal hypertension has not been reported. Our objective was to analyze the prognostic value of soluble adhesion molecules in cirrhotic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum concentrations of soluble CD14, soluble receptors of tumor necrosis factor alpha and adhesion molecules ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule 1) as well as mean blood pressure, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, vasopressin and norepinephrine concentrations were determined in 64 cirrhotic patients (Child-Pugh class: A 48.4%, B 34.4%, C 17.2%), without any evidence of infection, and in 25 healthy controls. Patients were followed-up for a mean of 36.4 (range 6-60) months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increased concentrations of soluble CD14, tumor necrosis factor receptors and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were detected in cirrhotic patients when compared with healthy controls. Tumor necrosis factor receptors and adhesion molecule concentrations were both significantly higher in advanced phases of cirrhosis (Child Pugh class C and B versus A). Fifteen patients died as a related consequence of liver cirrhosis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Child-Pugh score and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor receptor I and ICAM-1 were associated with mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to the classic factor implicated in mortality (Child-Pugh class), alterations in inflammation-related components and soluble adhesion molecules, as representatives of hemodynamic alterations, are of prognostic significance in cirrhotic patients.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, ES-11009 Cádiz, Spain. joseantonio.giron@uca.es
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Girón-González
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez-Sierra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Ramos
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rendón
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Macías
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Gutiérrez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Martín-Herrera
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000097:blood; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1