title: Original articles primary coronary angioplasty and subsequent cardiovascular rehabilitation are linked to a favorable sympathovagal balance after a first anterior myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modulation of the autonomic tone may contribute to the positive clinical effects of reperfusion of the ischemic zone after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Little information exists about the effects on the sympathovagal balance of the early reopening of the vessel achieved by means of primary coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Even less is known on the autonomic effects of rehabilitation in patients undergoing PTCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed spectral analysis of the RR interval variability during 15 min of ECG in resting conditions in 51 patients (47 males, 4 females, mean age 55 +/- 6 years) 2-3 weeks after a first anterior AMI, and after 8 weeks of rehabilitation with physical training. The ratio between the low- and high-frequency (LF/HF) components of each autospectrum was used to describe the sympathovagal balance. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 26, primary PTCA/stenting); group 2 (n = 11, recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator); group 3 (n = 14, no reperfusion). Treatment was similar in the three groups and was maintained during the whole rehabilitation period. Results. Before rehabilitation, group 1 showed an adrenergic activation that was more blunted than that observed in groups 2 and 3. This activation was maximal in those patients with the shortest delay before the procedure. Cardiovascular rehabilitation modulated the LF/HF ratio in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early and effective reperfusion of the infarct-related artery is associated with a better sympathovagal tone shortly after AMI; this is followed by the known benefits of cardiovascular rehabilitation on autonomic tone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Istituto Scientifico Ospedale San Luca, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy. Malfi@Auxologico.it
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malfatto
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blengino
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Annoni
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Branzi
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bizzi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Facchini
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D004452:Echocardiography; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*