title: The scaffold protein Homer1b/c links metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 to extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascades in neurons.
abstract: Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) increase cellular levels of inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and thereby trigger intracellular Ca2+ release. Also, group I mGluRs are organized with members of Homer scaffold proteins into multiprotein complexes involved in postreceptor signaling. In this study, we investigated the relative importance of the IP3/Ca2+ signaling and novel Homer proteins in group I mGluR-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in cultured rat striatal neurons. We found that selective activation of mGluR5, but not mGluR1, increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Whereas the IP3/Ca2+ cascade transmits a small portion of signals from mGluR5 to ERK1/2, the member of Homer family Homer1b/c forms a central signaling pathway linking mGluR5 to ERK1/2 in a Ca2+-independent manner. This was demonstrated by the findings that the mGluR5-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation was mostly reduced by a cell-permeable Tat-fusion peptide that selectively disrupted the interaction of mGluR5 with the Homer1b/c and by small interfering RNAs that selectively knocked down cellular levels of Homer1b/c proteins. Furthermore, ERK1/2, when only coactivated by both IP3/Ca2+- and Homer1b/c-dependent pathways, showed the ability to phosphorylate two transcription factors, Elk-1 and cAMP response element-binding protein, and thereby facilitated c-Fos expression. Together, we have identified two coordinated signaling pathways (a conventional IP3/Ca2+ vs a novel Homer pathway) that differentially mediate the mGluR5-ERK coupling in neurons. Both the Ca2+-dependent and -independent pathways are corequired to activate ERK1/2 to a level sufficient to achieve the mGluR5-dependent synapse-to-nucleus communication imperative for the transcriptional regulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Medical Science, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA.
authors.forename: Limin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qingsong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Shazia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samdani
authors.forename: Guochi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: John Q
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D034521:Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D034521:Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins; D018092:Kainic Acid Receptors