title: An ingenious design for peptide vaccines.
abstract: For humoral immunization, it may be possible to make effective and safe peptide vaccines for various diseases by selection of proper B-cell epitopes. However, a lack of T-cell epitopes on short peptides, such as those associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restriction, is a major problem for peptide vaccine development. We propose a solution for the design of peptide vaccines that involves induction of broadly reactive T-cell epitopes via agretopes. The strategy involves positioning multi-agretope type peptides on the N-terminal side of a di-lysine linker and B-cell epitopes on the C-terminal side. The addition of the arginine-glysine-aspartate (RGD)-motif to the N terminus of the peptide enhances its immunogenicity, and enables nasal immunization without adjuvants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Health, National Institute of Public Health, Minami 2-3-6, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0197, Japan. akiray@niph.go.jp
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Onozuka
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asahi-Ozaki
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Nobuhiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanada
authors.forename: Yoshikatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miwa
authors.forename: Tosiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nisizawa
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015195:Drug Design; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006183:H-2 Antigens; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000737:chemistry; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D006183:H-2 Antigens; D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D009842:Oligopeptides; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid