title: Analytical methods used in the United Kingdom Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme for the detection of animal poisoning by pesticides.
abstract: The United Kingdom Wildlife Incident Investigation Scheme (WIIS) investigates cases of suspected poisoning of wildlife, honey bees, and companion animals by pesticides. Together with field inquiries and veterinary post-mortem examinations, the analytical procedures presented here provide a comprehensive approach to the investigation of these cases. The paper covers selection of animal tissues for analysis and methods suitable for the analysis of honey bees and for various types of bait. Seven multiresidue methods cover around 130 pesticides, and methods are also described for a further 8 compounds. These methods are currently used on samples submitted to the Scheme in England and Wales.
authors.affiliation: Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom. p.brown@csl.gov.uk
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turnbull
authors.forename: Sheonaidh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charman
authors.forename: Andrew J A
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Charlton
authors.forename: Ainsley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001516:Bees; D002219:Carbamates / Q000032:analysis; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods*; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning*; D000070559:Gizzard, Non-avian / Q000187:drug effects; D007555:Isoxazoles; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D010755:Organophosphates / Q000633:toxicity; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000737:chemistry; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000506:poisoning; D010575:Pesticides / Q000506:poisoning*; D011041:Poisoning / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D058428:Silica Gel; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects; D013777:Tetrazoles; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D002219:Carbamates; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D007555:Isoxazoles; D010755:Organophosphates; D063065:Organophosphonates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D013777:Tetrazoles; D058428:Silica Gel; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D000535:Aluminum; C418233:2-amino-3-(3-hydrox-5(2-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)isoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid