title: Skeletal site selectivity in the effects of calcium supplementation on areal bone mineral density gain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in prepubertal boys.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcium supplementation during childhood and adolescence is considered an early means of preventing osteoporosis in adults. Prepuberty is an opportune time for detecting the benefits of calcium in girls.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to assess whether calcium supplementation increases bone mass gain in prepubertal boys in a skeletal site-specific manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a 12-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 1-yr follow-up, 235 healthy prepubertal boys aged 7.4 +/- 0.4 yr (mean +/- sd) were randomized to receive two food products providing 850 mg/d calcium (calcium supplement group, n = 116) or an isocaloric placebo (n = 119). Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at radius (two sites), hip (two sites), femoral diaphysis (FDia), and L2-L4 vertebrae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 months, aBMD gain was greater at the FDia and at the mean of the five appendicular skeletal sites in the calcium supplement group in both intention-to-treat analysis [76 +/- 32 vs. 64 +/- 33 mg/cm(2).yr; difference, 12.0 (95% confidence interval, CI, 3.6-20.3), P = 0.006; and 33 +/- 16 vs. 28 +/- 16 mg/cm(2).yr; difference, 5.1 (95% CI, 0.9-9.2); P = 0.018, respectively] and active treatment analysis [81 +/- 32 vs. 64 +/- 31 mg/cm(2).yr; difference, 17.2 (95% CI, 7.9-26.5); n = 174, P < 0.001; and 35 +/- 16 vs. 28 +/- 14 mg/cm(2).yr; difference, 7.5 (95% CI, 2.9-12.2); P = 0.002]. There was no beneficial effect of calcium on lumbar spine. The calcium effect was still detectable by ANOVA repeated measures analysis at the FDia (P = 0.004) and at the mean of the five appendicular skeletal sites (P = 0.002) 1 yr after the end of intervention (active treatment analysis). There was no change in bone size.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In prepubertal boys, calcium-enriched foods increased aBMD at several appendicular skeleton sites, but not at the lumbar spine, and this without any bone size change. This effect was maintained 1 yr after treatment discontinuation.
authors.affiliation: Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University Hospitals of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland. thierry.chevalley@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chevalley
authors.forename: J-P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bonjour
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rizzoli
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002648:Child; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010919:Placebos; D013557:Switzerland; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D002118:Calcium