title: Colonic atresia without mesenteric vascular occlusion. The role of the fibroblast growth factor 10 signaling pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colonic atresia occurs in 1:20,000 live births, offering a neonatal surgical challenge. Prenatal expression of fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10), acting through fibroblast growth factor receptor 2b (Fgfr2b), is critical to the normal development of the colon. Invalidation of the Fgf10 pathway results in colonic atresia, inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Classically, disturbance of the mesenteric vasculature has been thought to cause many forms of intestinal atresia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of vascular occlusion in the pathogenesis of colonic atresia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wild type (Wt), Fgf10(-/-), and Fgfr2b(-/-) mutant mouse embryos were harvested from timed pregnant mothers. Immediately following harvest, filtered India ink was infused via intracardiac microinjection. The gastrointestinal tract was dissected, and photomicrographs of the mesenteric arterial anatomy were taken at key developmental time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Photomicrographs after India ink microinjections demonstrate normal, patent mesenteric cascades to the atretic colon at the time points corresponding to the failure of colonic development in the Fgf10(-/-) and Fgfr2b(-/-) mutants. The mesenteric arterial anatomy of the colon demonstrates no difference between the Wt and mutant colonic atresia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The absence of embryonic expression of Fgf10 or its receptor Fgfr2b results in colonic atresia in mice. India ink microinjection is a direct measure of mesenteric arterial patency. Colonic atresia in the Fgf10(-/-) and Fgfr2b(-/-) mutants occurs despite normal mesenteric vascular development. Thus the atresia is not the result of a mesenteric vascular occlusion. The patent colonic mesentery of the Fgf10(-/-) and Fgfr2b(-/-) mutants challenges an accepted pathogenesis of intestinal atresia. Although colonic atresia can occur as a result of vascular occlusion, new evidence exists to suggest that a genetic mechanism may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Developmental Biology Program, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Fairbanks
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kanard
authors.forename: Pierre M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Del Moral
authors.forename: Fred G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Sala
authors.forename: Stijn P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: De Langhe
authors.forename: Chrissy A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Veltmaat
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Warburton
authors.forename: Kathryn D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellusci
authors.forename: R Cartland
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Burns
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D047109:Fetal Development; D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D007409:Intestinal Atresia / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D008641:Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D051526:Fibroblast Growth Factor 10; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2