title: Schizophrenia patients with a history of severe violence differ from nonviolent schizophrenia patients in perception of emotions but not cognitive function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired processing of emotions may relate to violent behavior in schizophrenia patients. We compared emotional function in schizophrenia patients with and without a history of severe violent behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tests of identification and differentiation of facial emotions were performed to compare 35 patients with chronic schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (DSM-IV criteria) and a history of severe violent behavior with 35 non-violent schizophrenia patients and 46 healthy controls. Tests of executive function, attention, visual orientation, working memory, memory for faces and objects, and motor function were also administered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Violent and nonviolent schizophrenia patients showed impaired emotional and cognitive function compared with controls. Violent patients showed a significantly better ability to identify facial emotional expressions but a poorer ability to discriminate between intensity of emotions than nonviolent schizophrenia patients. There was no difference in cognitive performance between the 2 patient groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Violent schizophrenia patients may have a better ability to identify facial emotional cues than nonviolent schizophrenia patients but may be less able to assess the intensity of these cues. This trait may contribute to conflict generation and failure to recognize resolution signals, leading to conflict escalation and violence in violence-prone schizophrenia patients.
authors.affiliation: Brain Behavior Laboratory, Sha'ar Menashe Mental Health Center, Mobile Post Hefer 38814, Israel. mdsilver@tx.technion.ac.il
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Knoll
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Isakov
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Modai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003463:Cues; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012938:Social Perception; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology*; D014796:Visual Perception