title: Guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase participate in the acrosome reaction of starfish sperm.
abstract: In the starfish, Asterias amurensis, the cooperation of three components of the egg jelly, i.e. ARIS (acrosome reaction-inducing substance), Co-ARIS and asterosap, is responsible for inducing the acrosome reaction. Experimentally, ARIS and asterosap are sufficient for the induction. However, when sperm are treated only with asterosap, they become unresponsive to the egg jelly to undergo the reaction. In this study, we analysed the mechanism of the acrosome reaction, using sperm inactivation by asterosap as a clue. Asterosap causes a rapid and transient increase in intracellular cGMP through the activation of the asterosap receptor, a guanylyl cyclase, and causes an increase in intracellular Ca(2+). When sperm were pretreated with asterosap, the guanylyl cyclase seemed to be inactivated irreversibly by dephosphorylation. They were still responsive to ARIS but no longer to asterosap. However, in the presence of IBMX or zaprinast, inhibitors against phosphodiesterases (PDEs), they retained their capacity to undergo the acrosome reaction in response to the egg jelly or ARIS alone. IBMX and zaprinast suppressed the intracellular catabolism of cGMP, but not of cAMP. These results suggest that guanylyl cyclase and cGMP-specific, IBMX- and zaprinast-susceptible PDEs are involved in the regulation of the acrosome reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minakata
authors.forename: Motonori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020101:Acrosome Reaction / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D011688:Purinones / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013215:Starfish / Q000502:physiology*; D013648:Tasmania
chemical_list: D011688:Purinones; D015106:3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; C011145:zaprinast; D002118:Calcium; D015056:1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine