title: The GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor abciximab (ReoPro) decreases activation and interaction of platelets and leukocytes during in vitro cardiopulmonary bypass simulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a systemic inflammatory response and increases expression of the platelet activation marker P-selectin which mediates binding of platelets to leukocytes. Inhibition of the platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor during CPB has been shown to protect platelets without increasing bleeding complications and is assumed to reduce the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor abciximab (ReoPro) on the function and interaction of platelets and leukocytes during experimental CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heparinized (3 U/ml) fresh whole blood of healthy volunteers was treated before continuous in vitro circulation in a well established CPB model with 3.2 microg/ml abciximab (n=6) or left untreated as control (n=6). Measurements were made before (baseline) and after 30 and 60 min of circulation and comprised: percentage of platelets expressing P-selectin and percentage of platelet-bound leukocytes (flow cytometry), release of the leukocyte activation marker PMN-elastase (ELISA), and platelet and leukocyte counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abciximab almost completely prevented a CPB-induced increase of platelet P-selectin and platelet-leukocyte binding after 30 and 60 min of circulation, and significantly inhibited release of PMN-elastase after 30 min of circulation. Furthermore, abciximab significantly inhibited a CPB-induced decrease of platelet and leukocyte counts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Abciximab inhibits CPB-induced activation, interaction and consumption of platelets and leukocytes in vitro. GP IIb/IIIa inhibition should be considered as a promising approach not only to conserve platelet function but also to inhibit pro-inflammatory events during CPB in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Tübingen University Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler Strasse 3, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany. anstraub@nexgo.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: Hans Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Wendel
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ziemer
mesh_terms: D000077284:Abciximab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018375:Neutrophil Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010976:Platelet Count; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D000077284:Abciximab