title: Introduction of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications.
abstract: Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are significant and independent risk factors for the vascular complications in patients with diabetes. They have been suggested to cause cardiovascular pathologic changes in diabetic states through the following molecular mechanisms: formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end products; increased oxidative stress; activation of protein kinase C pathway; increased activity of hexosamine pathway; and vascular inflammation and the impairment of insulin action in the vascular tissues.
authors.affiliation: Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Room 4504, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Yizhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhiheng
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D006595:Hexosamines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000150:complications*; D007249:Inflammation; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D006595:Hexosamines; D007328:Insulin; D011493:Protein Kinase C