title: Preparation of microparticles by micromixers: characterization of oil/water process and prediction of particle size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A descriptive model for microparticle preparation by micromixers was developed to allow prediction of nascent microsphere size and provide a better understanding of a microscale oil/water (O/W) emulsion process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nascent blank microparticles were prepared by an O/W emulsion method using a micromixer. Seven dimensionless groups were derived from the relevant process parameters. A multiple linear regression model was established on an empirical basis to describe the relationship between the key process parameters and the resulting Sauter particle diameter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The investigated micromixer is particularly suitable for processing of low-viscosity systems. The particle size is mainly controlled by flow velocity. Reynolds number and the viscosity ratio were found to be the most important dimensionless groups regarding the preparation procedure. Particle size was predicted with an accuracy up to 100% applying the empirically derived equations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An O/W process using micromixers for microparticle preparation with a multitude of influencing parameters was successfully characterized by application of dimensional analysis. Dimensionless groups turned out to be suitable for prediction of microparticle size with high precision.
authors.affiliation: Schering AG, D-13342 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schalper
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harnisch
authors.forename: Rainer H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Gesine E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Hildebrand
mesh_terms: D008863:Microspheres; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D014783:Viscosity; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D009821:Oils; D014867:Water