title: Mechanisms associated with unusual orofacial pain.
abstract: This article presents an overview of possible mechanisms associated with pain perception, with a specific focus on understanding unusual manifestations of orofacial pain associated with nerve insult. It includes recent evidence concerning neurobiological changes that occur in the periphery at tissue and nerve sites, or within the central nervous system, and that may involve chemical and inflammatory responses, sensitization, or alterations of cellular function. Moreover, the contribution of the autonomic nervous system, changes in emotional reactivity and vigilance, the roles of high brain centers such as the basal ganglia (nigro-striatal) system, and the influence of aging and gender, are briefly described.
authors.affiliation: Quebec Oral Health Research Network (FRSQ), Faculties of Dentistry and Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal, Québec, Canada. gilles.lavigne@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lavigne
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woda
authors.forename: Edmond
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Truelove
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ship
authors.forename: Thuan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dao
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Goulet
mesh_terms: D000344:Afferent Pathways; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology; D002054:Burning Mouth Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D009433:Neural Inhibition; D020078:Neurogenic Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000502:physiology; D014098:Toothache / Q000503:physiopathology; D061221:Trigeminal Nerve Injuries
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents