title: DNA index, genome size, and electronic nuclear volume of vertebrates from the Miami Metro Zoo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flow cytometry is a rapid and reliable method for measuring nuclear DNA content and genome size. Fluorochrome binding characteristics, sample preparation and differences in DNA condensation, and availability of binding sites can cause variations in results obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from 82 vertebrate species were collected in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and stained with propidium iodide/hypotonic citrate or 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride for analysis of DNA content and electronic nuclear volume (ENV). Trout red blood cells (TRBCs), human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and human buccal cavity cells were used as internal standards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean fluorescence channel (MFC) values of TRBC and buccal cavity cells used as internal standards were stable at 15 to 120 min of propidium iodide staining. TRBCs mixed with other cells especially human peripheral blood cells showed an increase in MFC. ENV and MCF values were less variable in different species of birds than in reptiles or mammals. Genome size based on use of buccal cavity cells as the internal standard showed a high degree of correlation with previous reports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Proper selection and use of internal standards and sample preparation are essential for reliable determination of DNA content and genome size in vertebrates by flow cytometry.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Therapeutics (R-71), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. akrishan@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Awtar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krishan
authors.forename: Payal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dandekar
authors.forename: Nirmal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nathan
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hamelik
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000836:Animals, Zoo; D001717:Birds; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D004583:Electrons; D005260:Female; D005431:Florida; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005453:Fluorescence; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology; D012104:Reptiles; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D004247:DNA