title: Altered thoracic gas compression contributes to improvement in spirometry with lung volume reduction surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thoracic gas compression (TGC) exerts a negative effect on forced expiratory flow. Lung resistance, effort during a forced expiratory manoeuvre, and absolute lung volume influence TGC. Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) reduces lung resistance and absolute lung volume. LVRS may therefore reduce TGC, and such a reduction might explain in part the improvement in forced expiratory flow with the surgery. A study was conducted to determine the effect of LVRS on TGC and the extent to which reduced TGC contributed to an improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) following LVRS.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of LVRS on TGC was studied using prospectively collected lung mechanics data from 27 subjects with severe emphysema. Several parameters including FEV1, expiratory and inspiratory lung resistance (Rle and Rli), and lung volumes were measured at baseline and 6 months after surgery. Effort during the forced manoeuvre was measured using transpulmonary pressure. A novel method was used to estimate FEV1 corrected for the effect of TGC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline the FEV1 corrected for gas compression (NFEV1) was significantly higher than FEV1 (p<0.0001). FEV1 increased significantly from baseline (p<0.005) while NFEV1 did not change following surgery (p>0.15). TGC decreased significantly with LVRS (p<0.05). Rle and maximum transpulmonary pressure (TP(peak)) during the forced manoeuvre significantly predicted the reduction in TGC following the surgery (Rle: p<0.01; TP(peak): p<0.0001; adjusted R2 = 0.68). The improvement in FEV1 was associated with the reduction in TGC after surgery (p<0.0001, adjusted R2 = 0.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LVRS decreased TGC by improving expiratory flow limitation. In turn, the reduction in TGC decreased its negative effect on expiratory flow and therefore explained, in part, the improvement in FEV1 with LVRS in this cohort.
authors.affiliation: Assistant Baylor College of Medicine, MED VAMC, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. amirs@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharafkhaneh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodnight-White
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Officer
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rodarte
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Boriek
mesh_terms: D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010993:Plethysmography, Whole Body / Q000379:methods; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology