title: Effects of calcium pyruvate supplementation during training on body composition, exercise capacity, and metabolic responses to exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the effects of calcium pyruvate supplementation during training on body composition and metabolic responses to exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three untrained females were matched and assigned to ingest in a double blind and randomized manner either 5 g of calcium pyruvate (PYR) or a placebo (PL) twice daily for 30 d while participating in a supervised exercise program. Prior to and following supplementation, subjects had body composition determined via hydrodensiometry; performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test; and performed a 45-min walk test at 70% of pre-training VO2 max in which fasting pre- and post exercise blood samples determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed between groups in energy intake or training volume. Univariate repeated measures ANOVA revealed that subjects in the PYR group gained less weight (PL 1.2 +/- 0.3, PYR 0.3 +/- 0.3 kg, P = 0.04), lost more fat (PL 1.1 +/- 0.5; PYR -0.4 +/- 0.5 kg, P = 0.03), and tended to lose a greater percentage of body fat (PL 1.0 +/- 0.7; PYR -0.65 +/- 0.6%, P = 0.07), with no differences observed in fat-free mass (PL 0.1 +/- 0.5; PYR 0.7 +/- 0.3 kg, P = 0.29). However, these changes were not significant when body composition data were analyzed by MANOVA (P = 0.16). There was some evidence that PYR may negate some of the beneficial effects of exercise on HDL values. No significant differences were observed between groups in maximal exercise responses or metabolic responses to submaximal walking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that PYR supplementation during training does not significantly affect body composition or exercise performance and may negatively affect some blood lipid levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical School, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
authors.forename: Pauline K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Koh-Banerjee
authors.forename: Maria P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: Rodney G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bowden
authors.forename: Patty N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Cowan
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Almada
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Kreider
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000187:drug effects*; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; D002118:Calcium