title: [Evolution of the clinical, echographic and pathological characteristics of patients with indication of transrectal ultrasound and prostate biopsy between 1994 and 2003].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to evaluate the evolution in the clinical, echographic and pathological characteristics of patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound and prostate biopsy over a 10 year period (1994-2003).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing a first biopsy of the prostate between 1994-2003 were studied retrospectively. Since the biopsy criteria have changed several times over this period, results were analysed for four different periods: 1994-1997, 1998, 1999-2003 (the latter was further divided into two periods--1999-2001 and 2002-2003--to observe the temporal evolution with the same biopsy criteria). Patients were assigned to risk groups according to D'Amico.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed that individuals referred for biopsy and those diagnosed with prostate cancer (PC) had a lower mean age (p=0.0001 and p=0.01), there were more patients with a PSA from 4.1-10 ng/ml (p=0.0001 and p=0.0001), more patients had no significant DRE findings (p=0.0001 and p=0.0001) or ultrasound findings (p=0.0001 and p=0.0001). The incidence of cancer diagnosis has decreased from 39.4% to 34.3% (p=0.03). There was an increased incidence of score 7, at the expense of a decline in scores 5-6 and 8-10 and disappearance of score 2-4 (p=0.0001). Patients assigned to the low risk group increased from 9% to 18.1%, those assigned to the intermediate risk group from 20.2% to 43.1% and there was a reduction in those assigned to the high risk group from 70.7% to 38.7% (p=0.0001). Analysis of the final two time periods revealed that the evolution of the series remained the same except for a decrease in age at biopsy and diagnosis of cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nowadays, the risk factors of patients with an indication of biopsy have less weight than ten years ago. We currently diagnose patients with PC with more favourable prognostic factors. However, the price we pay for this earlier diagnosis is reflected in a less effective biopsy, a larger proportion of the population without PC having to experience the physical complications and psychological stress of a biopsy, a greater number of patients having to undergo a second biopsy and, therefore, a greater and more costly use of resources to diagnose PC.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herranz Amo
authors.forename: J Ma
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Díez Cordero
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Verdú Tartajo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Castaño González
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moralejo Gárate
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Martínez Salamanca
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cabello Benavente
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Monzó
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen