title: Temperament and job stress in Japanese company employees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study aims to demonstrate the relevance of temperament to job stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 848 male and 366 female Japanese company employees. Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire version (TEMPS-A) and Munich Personality Test (MPT) were administered to assess temperaments, and the NIOSH Generic Job Stress Questionnaire (GJSQ) to assess job stress. We used hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis in order to demonstrate whether temperament variables added any unique variance after controlling the effects of other predictors such as gender, age and job rank.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all subscales of the GJSQ, temperament predicted a large share of the variance in job stress. Remarkably, for interpersonal relationship stressors, the temperament variables added greater variance than that predicted by gender, age and job rank. Summary of the hierarchical linear regression analysis showed that the irritable temperament was associated with the most prominent vulnerability, followed by cyclothymic and anxious temperaments. The schizoid temperament had difficulty in the area of social support. On the other hand, the hyperthymic temperament displayed significant robustness in facing most job stressors; the melancholic type showed a similar pattern to a lesser degree.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings may be different in a clinical Japanese sample, or a cohort of healthy employees from a different cultural background.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temperament influences job stress significantly-indeed, it impacts on such stress with greater magnitude than age, gender and job rank in most areas examined. Temperament influences interpersonal relationship stressors more than workload-related stressors. Interestingly, in line with previous clinical and theoretical formulations, the hyperthymic and melancholic types actually appear to be "hyper-adapted" to the workplace.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. y-sakai@sb3.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kurabayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiskal
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiskal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003527:Cyclothymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology*