title: Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US Cohort (LUMINA). XXX: association between C-reactive protein (CRP) gene polymorphisms and vascular events.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if a polymorphic GTn repeat in the intron of the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene associates with occurrence of vascular arterial events in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a nested case-control study on the LUMINA cohort of 546 Hispanic, African-American and Caucasian SLE patients. Twenty-five patients who developed vascular arterial events (i.e. myocardial infarction, angina, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, stroke, claudication, gangrene or significant tissue loss and/or arterial peripheral thrombosis) after enrolment were selected as cases and 32 ethnically matched patients with no previous vascular arterial events served as controls. Their CRP gene GTn polymorphism and plasma CRP was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with vascular events had more severe SLE and were more likely to have plasma CRP in the highest quintile of measured values. The overall distribution of GTn alleles for patients with vascular events had a greater number of the GT20 variant compared with controls [26.0% of alleles (13/50) vs 15.6% (10/64)]. This greater number of GT20 in patients with vascular events was observed for African-Americans [29.2% (7/24) vs 21.0% (8/38)] and Hispanics [33.0% (4/12) vs 0% (0/16)] but not for Caucasians [14.3% (2/14) vs 20.0% (2/10)]. For African-Americans and Hispanics combined (45 patients), the frequency of GT20 in those with vascular events (30.6%, 11/36) was significantly higher than in those without them (14.8%, 8/54) (P<0.05, one-tailed test for difference in proportions). When patients were categorized according to the number of GT20 alleles they carried (thus GT20/GT20, GT20/GTx or GTx/GTx, where x is any allele other than GT20), for both African-Americans and Hispanics the likelihood of vascular arterial events increased in proportion with the GT20 dose, and all GT20-homozygous patients developed vascular arterial events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CRP GT20 variant is more likely to occur in African-American and Hispanic SLE patients than in Caucasian ones, and SLE patients carrying the GT20 allele are more likely to develop vascular arterial events.
authors.affiliation: The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294-3408, USA. Alex.Szalai@ccc.uab.edu
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Szalai
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Alarcón
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calvo-Alén
authors.forename: S M A
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Toloza
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McCrory
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Edberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McGwin
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Bastian
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Fessler
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Vilá
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kimberly
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Reveille
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein