title: Alcohol intake and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of alcohol intake on risk of NHL is unclear. We therefore conducted a population-based case-control study to examine the association between alcohol and NHL risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  613 NHL cases and 480 population controls in Sweden reported their average consumption of beer, wine, and liquor 2 years before the study. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between alcohol intake and NHL risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intake of total alcohol, beer, wine, or liquor was not associated with risk of overall NHL. There was no difference in risk of NHL among those who habitually consumed above 19.1 g of ethanol per day, compared to those who consumed on average 0-2.2 g of ethanol per day (OR = 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8, 1.7); Ptrend = 0.29). However, the association was significantly positive among males (OR = 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1, 2.9); Ptrend = 0.06). Total alcohol, beer, wine, or liquor intake was not associated with any major histopathologic subtype of NHL examined, apart from an association between high wine consumption and increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol does not appear to be a major etiologic factor for overall NHL, nor its common subtypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. ellen.chang@meb.ki.se
authors.forename: Ellen T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Karin Ekström
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Smedby
authors.forename: Shumin M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hjalgrim
authors.forename: Mads
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melbye
authors.forename: Ake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ost
authors.forename: Alicja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wolk
authors.forename: Hans-Olov
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glimelius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012537:Scandinavian and Nordic Countries / Q000453:epidemiology; D012737:Sex Factors