title: Coping with appraised breast cancer risk among women with family histories of breast cancer.
abstract: This descriptive correlational study was based on Neuman's Systems Model and was designed to examine how women with family histories of breast cancer appraise and cope with breast cancer risk. Ninety percent of 209 women in the sample appraised their degree of breast cancer threat as moderate or high. Women with high degrees of appraised risk had low breast cancer risk scores, while women with moderate degrees of appraised risk had higher risk scores. The most common and effective coping modes used were confrontive, optimistic, and early detection behaviors. Over 75% of women either did not use evasive, emotive, palliative, and fatalistic modes of coping, or rated them as ineffective. Canonical correlation analyses revealed five different patterns of appraisal and coping behaviors and lent support to the premise that the type of coping behaviors used varies with how breast cancer risk is appraised.
authors.affiliation: Center for Excellence in Nursing Practice, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Diane R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lancaster
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D012306:Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment