title: Prediction of non-sentinel lymph node status in breast cancer with a micrometastatic sentinel node.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) may not be necessary in women with breast cancer who have micrometastasis in a sentinel node (SN), owing to the low risk of non-SN (NSN) involvement. The aim of this study was to identify a subgroup of women with a micrometastatic SN and a negligible risk of positive NSNs in whom ALND may be avoided.
  
  
  METHODS
  Some 237 of 241 women with a macrometastatic SN and 122 of 138 with a micrometastatic SN underwent completion ALND and were compared with respect to NSN involvement. The 122 patients with SN micrometastasis were further analysed to determine factors that could predict the risk of positive NSNs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 121 (51.1 per cent) of 237 women with SN macrometastasis had positive NSNs compared with 22 (18.0 per cent) of 122 with SN micrometastasis (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that size of SN micrometastasis (odds ratio 3.49 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 1.32 to 9.23); P = 0.012) and presence of lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio 0.23 (95 per cent c.i. 0.05 to 1.00); P = 0.050) were significantly associated with positive NSNs. SN micrometastasis less than 0.5 mm in diameter combined with absence of lymphovascular invasion was associated with an 8.5 per cent risk of NSN involvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Size of micrometastasis and presence of lymphovascular invasion were significantly related to the risk of finding additional positive axillary lymph nodes when the SN contained only micrometastasis.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Surgery, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Surgical Laparoscopy, Linz, Austria. peter.schrenk@akh.linz.at <peter.schrenk@akh.linz.at>
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrenk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Konstantiniuk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wölfl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bogner
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haid
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jagoutz-Herzlinger
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Redtenbacher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*