title: Adaption of neutral protease activity for islet isolation from the long-term two-layer method-stored pig pancreas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Islet release from the pancreas is mediated by both collagenase and neutral protease (NP), a critical effector of islet integrity. To prove the hypothesis that adjustment of NP reduces islet damage after prolonged ischemia, adult pig pancreata were digested after 7-hour preservation by the two-layer method (TLM) using a 2-component enzyme blend consisting of collagenase NB-8 and NP.
  
  
  METHODS
  After intraductal University of Wisconsin (UW) flush resected pancreata were distended with 4.4 PZ-U/g of UW-dissolved Serva collagenase either before (TLM-preloaded, n = 7) or after (TLM-postloaded, n = 10) cold storage, or for immediate processing (n = 6). NP was adjusted after preliminary experiments to respectively 1.1, 0.2, or 0.8 DMC-U/g for unstored, TLM-preloaded, or postloaded organs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Purified islet yield decreased from 3670 +/- 730 islet equivalents (IEQ)/g in unstored pancreata to 1800 +/- 180 and 2080 +/- 290 IEQ/g in TLM-preloaded or postloaded organs, respectively (P < .05). Although purity was always >90%, IEQ recovery was significantly decreased in TLM-preloaded pancreata. Quality control revealed consistently high viability as determined using trypan-blue exclusion (>95%) or formazan production. Compared with unstored organs (2.47 +/- 0.36; P < .05), glucose stimulation index was reduced in TLM-preloaded (1.48 +/- 0.15) and TLM-postloaded pancreata (1.81 +/- 0.20). Normoglycemia in diabetic nude mice transplanted with islets from TLM-preloaded pancreata was transient in contrast to sustained function in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant amounts of viable pig islets can be isolated after prolonged TLM preservation by reducing NP activity. Nevertheless, early enzyme administration prior to long-term storage deteriorates islet graft function.
authors.affiliation: Third Medical Department, University Hospital, Giessen, Germany. Daniel.Brandhorst@innere.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brandhorst
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iken
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Brendel
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Bretzel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Brandhorst
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine; D000493:Allopurinol; D000818:Animals; D017364:Collagenases; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione; D007328:Insulin; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D009926:Organ Preservation; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D010179:Pancreas / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology; D011887:Raffinose; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; C055206:University of Wisconsin-lactobionate solution; D000493:Allopurinol; D010450:Endopeptidases; D017364:Collagenases; D005978:Glutathione; D000241:Adenosine; D011887:Raffinose