title: [Decision making and executive function in severe traumatic brain injured patients: validation of a decision-making task and correlated features].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  At the chronic stage, severe traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients experience difficulty in making decisions. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of the prefrontal cortex, in particular the orbitofrontal region, in decision-making. The aim of the present study was to validate a decision-making task in this population and to ascertain whether the components of their dysexecutive syndrome may affect their decision-making and lead to difficulties for social rehabilitation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen TBI patients and 15 controlled subjects matched for age, sex and years of education were assessed by a battery of executive tests (GREFEX) and by the gambling task (GT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TBI subjects performed significantly worse than the controlled group in five out of six GREFEX tests. The TBI choices are significantly more disadvantageous than the choices of the control group when considering the three last blocks of 20 cards of the GT. The GT total score correlated significantly with execution time of the Stroop interference condition and the Trail Making Task B, as well as with the two measures (correct sequence span and number of crossed boxes) of the double condition of Baddeley's task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We postulate that executive functioning (supervisory attentional system) influence performance in the gambling task through mechanisms of inhibitory control, divided attention and working memory. Thus, this task seems to be determined by multiple factors; the process of decision-making may depend on frontal integrity.
authors.affiliation: Unités de Rééducation Neurologique, UEROS Aquitaine, Fédération des Neurosciences Cliniques, CHU Pellegrin, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wiederkehr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barat
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dehail
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de Sèze
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lozes-Boudillon
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Giroire
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020208:Brain Injury, Chronic / Q000523:psychology*; D003657:Decision Making / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires