title: Tape recorded hypnosis in oral and maxillofacial surgery--basics and first clinical experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical treatment of diseases of the oral and maxillofacial region under local anaesthesia is quite commonly restricted by limited patient compliance. 'Medical Hypnosis' could be an alternative to treatment under pharmacological sedation. With this method, both autosuggestive and other suggestive procedures are used for anxiolysis, relaxation, sedation and analgesia of the patient. The purpose of this paper was to see whether there could be any potential for this treatment when operating on oral and maxillofacial patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 1-year-trial period, 209 operations under combined local anaesthesia/medical hypnosis were carried out on 174 non-preselected patients between the ages of 13 and 87 years. The surgical range covered oral, plastic and reconstructive, oncological, septic and trauma operations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Medical hypnosis turned out to be a reliable and standardizable method with high patient compliance. Remarkable improvements in treatment conditions for both patient and surgeons were achieved in 93% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Controlled clinical studies are now necessary to obtain objective data on the effectiveness of hypnosis-induced intraoperative effects in oral and maxillofacial surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein/Campus Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Luebeck, Germany. hermesddd@aol.com
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hermes
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Truebger
authors.forename: Samer George
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sieg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D016854:Dental Anxiety / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D006992:Hypnosis, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D013637:Tape Recording