title: [Transvenous occlusion of carotid cavernous fistula].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the treatment of carotid cavernous fistula with the transvenous approaches.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients (14 males and 3 males) with carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) were retrospectively analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totally 18 cavernous sinus of 17 patients were occluded. Nine operations were performed via inferior petrosal sinus approaches and 6 via the facial vein. One patient (bilateral fistula) received both two approaches. The fistula were completely occluded immediately after the procedures in 12 patients. Small shunts remained in four of other patients (2 pterygoid drainage and 2 inferior petrosal sinus, respectively). Facial vein catheterization failed because of vein vasospasm in one patient; his symptoms relieved 5 days later and angiography showed the CCF disappeared another 2 days later.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transvenous embolization of CCF is effective, safe, and easy to perform.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-endovascular Treatment, Institute of Neuroscience, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100050, China. liyouxiang@263.net
authors.forename: You-xiang
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chu-han
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zhong-xue
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed