title: Effects of prior splenectomy on remnant liver after partial hepatectomy with Pringle maneuver in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the case of the liver resection, the temporary occlusion of the hepatoduodenal ligament (Pringle maneuver) is often used. However, the maneuver causes hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury that strongly affects the recovery of patients. The present study investigated the effects of prior splenectomy on the remnant liver in partial hepatectomized rat with Pringle maneuver.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pringle maneuver was conducted just before a two-thirds partial hepatectomy. Efficacy of splenectomy was assessed by survival rate, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), neutrophil infiltration into liver, recovery of remnant liver weight, and liver proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels. Ischemic preconditioning was performed as follows; 10 min of total hepatic ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In partial hepatectomized rats with 30 min of Pringle maneuver, seven out of 12 rats died within 3 days. On the other hand, when splenectomy was performed on 3 days before the maneuver, only one out of 12 rats died. When prior splenectomy was performed on eight and 18 days before the Pringle maneuver, respectively, similar efficacy was observed. In addition, prior splenectomy on 3 days before the maneuver showed that serum ALT activity, neutrophil infiltration, recovery of remnant liver weight, and PCNA levels in partial hepatectomized rats with Pringle maneuver were also ameliorated as compared with those of control rats without splenectomy. When effects of prior splenectomy were compared with those of ischemic preconditioning in these situations, efficacy of prior splenectomy was comparable with that of the ischemic preconditioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prior splenectomy ameliorated the I/R injury in the remnant liver after partial hepatectomy with Pringle maneuver. Effects of prior splenectomy may influence the liver for long duration, because splenectomy on 18 days before the maneuver still exerts effective action.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo Hospital, Tsuchiura, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozasa
authors.forename: Saburo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horikawa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008115:Liver Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013156:Splenectomy