title: [Surgical management of thyroid orbitopathy].
abstract: Thyroid orbitopathy (TO) requires often not only pharmacological treatment but also surgical procedures. The management contains orbital decompression (wall decompression, excision of fat), correction of lid retraction and strabismus operations on extraocular muscles. Authors describe indications for surgical procedures, methods of operations, results and complications of own material of 99 patients with TO treated in the Eye Clinic in Poznan and Plastic Surgery and Eye Clinic in Kobylniki from 1999 until 2003.
authors.affiliation: Katedra i Klinika Okulistyki Akademii Medycznej w Poznaniu. Hpecstep@mail.usoms.poznan.pl
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pecold-Stepniewska
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stepniewski
authors.forename: Małgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karolczak-Kulesza
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gotz-Wieckowska
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stepniewski
mesh_terms: D019299:Decompression, Surgical; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome