title: Antioxidant defence during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiac surgery may lead to severe oxidative stress due to formation of oxidation products generated during ischemia and reperfusion. We investigated to which extent oxidative stress influences a number of endogenous antioxidants and markers of cellular activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  At six time points blood was withdrawn from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, using the on-pump procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase show a gradual and strong increase in activity during surgery (40 and 30%, respectively), returning to baseline values 24 h after surgery. The total antioxidant capacity has a maximum increase of 60%. Markers of cellular activation, such as eosinophil cationic protein and tryptase also increase during the procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac surgery results in systemic inflammation accompanied or caused by severe oxidative stress. The human body has a strong innate oxidative defence screen, which is probably not sufficient to fully compensate for the total amount of oxidative damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerpen-Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Chris R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Luyten
authors.forename: Frans J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: van Overveld
authors.forename: Lieve A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: De Backer
authors.forename: Anna M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sadowska
authors.forename: Inez E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Rodrigus
authors.forename: Stefan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: De Hert
authors.forename: Wilfried A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: De Backer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000097:blood; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D053802:Tryptases
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D047150:Eosinophil Cationic Protein; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053802:Tryptases