title: Early to bed: a study of adaptation among sexually active urban adolescent girls younger than age sixteen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between sexual activity among urban adolescent girls and four global measures of psychosocial adaptation (academic motivation, school achievement, depressive symptoms, and expectations about the future).
  
  
  METHODS
  Data derived from the Social and Health Assessment, a self-report survey administered in 1998 to students in the public school system in New Haven, CT (149 classes at 17 middle and high schools).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1,413 respondents (57% black, 28% Hispanic; mean age 13.4 +/- 1.7 years), 414 (29%) acknowledged prior sexual intercourse; the proportions of sexually active girls in 6th, 8th, and 10th grades were 14%, 30%, and 50%, respectively. In multivariate analyses of covariance, sexual activity was significantly associated with all four measures of psychosocial adaptation (p < .001). Other correlates of at least one measure of maladaptation included socioeconomic status, sensation seeking, and lower school grade (p < .001 for each), peer pressure (p < .01), and black ethnicity, and the interaction of sexual activity by lower school grade (p < .05 for each).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with their sexually naive peers, sexually active adolescent girls had lower scores on global measures of psychosocial adaptation. These findings have clinical, policy, and research relevance to a vulnerable population at high risk of teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.
authors.affiliation: Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. andres.martin@yale.edu.
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ruchkin
authors.forename: Argyro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caminis
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vermeiren
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Henrich
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwab-Stone
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D003237:Connecticut; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D014505:Urban Population