title: How necessary is vagotomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy and total pancreatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy is a fundamental step used for the restoration of the alimentary tract after pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy. Anastomotic ulcers occurring after pancreaticoduodenectomy, is a well known problem. The aim of our study is to investigate the incidence of anastomotic ulcer after pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy and to elucidate whether vagotomy is necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study we reviewed the medical records of 94 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy without vagotomy and we report the results after systemic follow-up 3-14 years, emphasizing the cases in which anastomotic ulcer is jeopardized.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 78 Whipple procedures and 16 total pancreatectomies without vagotomy were performed. The overall incidence of anastomotic ulceration following pancreatectomy was 11.7%. In our series the symptoms and complications associated with anastomotic ulceration were pain in 6 patients, bleeding in 4 patients and free perforation in one patient. Six patients needed a reoperation, the 4 patients with bleeding that underwent truncal vagotomy, the patient with free perforation in which oversew and bilateral vagotomy was performed and a patient with refractory pain who underwent a bilateral vagotomy. Among the 11 patients with anastomotic ulcer, the overall postoperative mortality rate was 27.3%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems reasonable to perform bilateral truncal vagotomy only in patients with a history of peptic ulceration and for patients with favorable prognosis and potential for long survival.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Propaedeutic Surgical Department of University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Safioleas
authors.forename: Konstantinos G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Moulakakis
authors.forename: Nikolaos P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Andromanakos
authors.forename: Nikolaos J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Lygidakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D015167:Vagotomy, Truncal