title: High-resolution constructive interference in steady-state imaging in tethered cord syndrome: technical note.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differentiation between nerve roots and the tethered filum terminale in magnetic resonance images remains challenging. It is, however, crucial to select patients for surgical intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1 patient with progressive and 2 patients with stable clinical signs of tethered cord syndrome (TCS), images reconstructed from a 3D constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) sequence were compared with those obtained from a regular T2-weighted fast spin echo sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nerve roots of the cauda equina were suppressed, whereas visualization of the filum terminale was much improved in high-resolution CISS sequences. In addition, the level of adhesion of the filum could be localized in relation to elements of the spinal cord. The imaging results were confirmed during surgery and the patient improved considerably after the intervention. The advantages of CISS were also apparent in 2 other patients who are still being observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Constructive interference in steady-state imaging should be considered in the presurgical routine for patients with TCS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Albert-Ludwigs-University, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. rosahl@t-online.de
authors.forename: Steffen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Rosahl
authors.forename: Osama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kassem
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Piepgras
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hellwig
authors.forename: Madjid
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samii
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000592:standards*; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000473:pathology*; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D018579:Patient Selection; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000473:pathology*