title: Father's health in relation to spousal employment.
abstract: We studied the correlation between fathers' well-being and the number of hours that their wives work outside the home. Two groups of fathers were involved in the study: modern, caring fathers (in this cultural context meaning less than full-time employment outside the home) and more traditional fathers (in full-time employment). It would appear to be true for both groups that the number of hours their wives work correlates negatively with the fathers' well-being both physically and mentally. We compared two hypotheses: does the well-being of fathers correlate mainly with the wife's actual absence, measured by the absolute number of hours that she works outside the home? Or does it correlate more with symbolic factors, measured by the relative number of hours she works (her working hours compared with his), or by her relative share to the family income. Confirmation was found for both hypotheses, but the second, the 'unfulfilled husband' hypothesis had the most support. Finally, it must be observed that the number of hours men work still has a positive correlation with their well-being.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.140, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. v.duindam@fss.uu.nl
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Duindam
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Spruijt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004522:Educational Status; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005220:Fathers / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008603:Mental Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D010331:Paternal Age; D012951:Socialization; D018454:Spouses / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014931:Women, Working; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data