title: Prediction by quantitative histology of pathological stage in prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find a predictor of extraprostatic extension in clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa), pre-operative ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsies and clinico-pathological data were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eighty-three consecutive patients who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinical T1-T2 PCa and serum PSA <10 ng/ml were reviewed. Pre-operative biopsy was performed according to an extended protocol and whole-mount prostatectomy specimens were processed. The following biopsy variables were categorized to this analysis: Gleason score (< or =6, >6), TPC (< or =20%; >20%), GPC (< or =50%; >50%), cancer-positive cores (< or =2; >2), cancer-positive cores in both lateral portions (yes; no), PCa (monolateral; bilateral).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 60/183 specimens showed an organ-confined PCa; the remaining ones showed pT3a in 57 cases, pT3b in 11 and pT3 with positive surgical margins in 55. A locally advanced PCa was found in 60.2 and 76.8% of T1c and T2 clinical stage, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value of biopsy findings to predict a locally advanced PCa was 89.9 and 75%, respectively. All biopsy variables associations were statistically significant; however, among these variables (non-categorized), in multivariate logistic regression analysis, only GPC was significantly associated with pathologic stage (odds ratio estimate was 1.075, 95% CI: 1.053-1.098).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quantitative histology, especially GPC, seems to be helpful for pre-operative staging of PCa in patients with T1c-T2 clinical stage and PSA < 10 ng/ml.
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, 95126 Catania, Italy. piepepe@hotmail.com
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pepe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fraggetta
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allegro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aragona
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen