title: Detection of emboli in vessels using electrical impedance measurements--phantom and electrodes.
abstract: A phantom was constructed to simulate the electrical properties of the neck. A range of possible electrode configurations was then examined in order to improve the sensitivity of the impedance measurement method for the in vivo detection of air emboli. The neck phantom consisted of simulated skin, fat and muscle layers made of agar and a conductive rubber tube mimicking the common carotid artery. The ring-shaped electrodes with a guard electrode showed the highest sensitivity to emboli at short distances.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Engineering, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara 228-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nebuya
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noshiro
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Smallwood
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milnes
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D017097:Electric Impedance; D004566:Electrodes; D004617:Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity