Meta-synthesis method for qualitative research: a literature review.
OBJECTIVE
This paper discusses the purpose and stages of meta-synthesis and the epistemological status of knowledge generated from the technique. Particular attention is paid to exploring the contested areas of the method that remain.


BACKGROUND
There is a growing interest in meta-synthesis as a technique for generating new insights and understanding from qualitative health care research. An increasing number of meta-synthesis papers are appearing in the nursing and midwifery literature.


METHODS
Literature on the technique of meta-synthesis and examples of meta-synthesis papers were searched and reviewed. A meta-synthesis exercise was undertaken, and this informed reflection and critique of the method.


RESULTS
Meta-synthesis attempts to integrate results from a number of different but inter-related qualitative studies. The technique has an interpretive, rather than aggregating, intent, in contrast to meta-analysis of quantitative studies. Examples from the literature indicate that some aspects of the technique are not yet fully established.


CONCLUSIONS
Despite the contingent nature of evidence gleaned from meta-synthesis and current lack of consensus about some of its aspects, meta-synthesis is an important technique for qualitative researchers and can deepen understanding of the contextual dimensions of health care.
Walsh
Denis
D
Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK. denis.walsh@ntlworld.com
Downe
Soo
S
D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D015201:Meta-Analysis as Topic; D015399:Nursing Research / Q000379:methods*; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012196:Review Literature as Topic