Regulatory mechanisms of dynamin-dependent endocytosis.
Extensive studies on endocytosis in the last decade have resulted in identification of several key molecules that function in clathrin- and dynamin-dependent endocytosis. Most endocytic molecules contain multiple binding motifs that mediate protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions, which must be modulated spatially and temporally during endocytosis. Regulation of these interactions is the molecular basis of regulatory mechanisms involved in endocytosis. This review first describes current models of the mechanism of dynamin-dependent fission, then introduces several mechanisms that modulate dynamin GTPase activity and dynamin-dependent vesicle formation. Such mechanisms include regulation by inositol phospholipids, especially phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P(2)], and their metabolism. It concludes by describing the regulation of dynamin 1 by its binding partner, amphiphysin 1, and regulation by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-dependent phosphorylation of dynamin 1 and amphiphysin 1. These mechanisms help endocytic molecules to function properly, and cooperatively regulate dynamin-dependent endocytosis.
Takei
Kohji
K
Department of Neuroscience, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Okayamashi, Okayama 700-8558. kohji@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
Yoshida
Yumi
Y
Yamada
Hiroshi
H
D000818:Animals; D022163:Clathrin-Coated Vesicles / Q000502:physiology; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D034281:Dynamins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004705:Endocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation
D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; C075637:amphiphysin; D051360:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D034281:Dynamins