title: Phase I/II trial of adding semisynthetic homoharringtonine in chronic myeloid leukemia patients who have achieved partial or complete cytogenetic response on imatinib.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A Phase I/II study was designed to show whether the addition of semisynthetic homoharringtonine (sHHT) would reduce the level of residual disease in patients with Ph-positive chronic myeloid leukemia who appeared to have achieved a suboptimal response to imatinib alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with CML who had achieved >/= 35% Ph-negativity on imatinib were included. All patients had been treated with imatinib at >/= 400 mg/day for at least 2 years and had achieved a plateau in BCR-ABL transcripts defined by measuring BCR-ABL transcripts on at least 4 occasions over a minimum period of 1 year with the latest value not lower than the previous minimum value. Initially sHHT was given subcutaneously at a dose of 1.25 mg/m(2) twice daily for 1 day. Courses were repeated every 28 days. The dosage of sHHT was escalated by adding one day of treatment every two days. Efficacy was assessed by serial monitoring of blood levels of BCR-ABL transcripts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 10 evaluable patients, 7 had an appreciable decline in BCR-ABL transcript levels; in 5 cases the reduction was greater than 1 log. Asthenia (n = 10) and cytopenias (n = 3) were prominent side-effects, but the drug was generally well tolerated. Mutations in the P-loop of the BCR-ABL kinase domain were found in 2 of the patients who responded to the addition of sHHT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of sHHT should be considered for patients on imatinib who fail to obtain low levels of minimal residual disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Imperial College London at Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Jaspal S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kaeda
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Andreasson
authors.forename: Sue M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bua
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Olavarria
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Jane F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Apperley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001549:Benzamides; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics; D006248:Harringtonines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077863:Homoharringtonine; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D006248:Harringtonines; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000077863:Homoharringtonine; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl