title: BRAF mutations in aberrant crypt foci and hyperplastic polyposis.
abstract: Patients with hyperplastic polyposis have multiple hyperplastic polyps (HPs) and increased risk of colorectal carcinomas. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are postulated to be the earliest precursor lesions in colorectal carcinogenesis. We evaluated BRAF mutations by DNA sequencing in 53 ACF from patients with sporadic colorectal carcinomas and familial adenomatous polyposis, in 18 sporadic HPs from patients with resected colorectal cancer, and in 70 HPs, 4 serrated adenomas, 3 admixed hyperplastic-adenomatous polyps, 10 tubular adenomas, and 6 carcinomas from 17 patients with multiple/large HPs and/or hyperplastic polyposis. BRAF mutation status was compared with clinicopathological features and other genetic alterations by marginal logistic regression. BRAF mutation was present in only 2% of ACF and 6% of sporadic HPs. In contrast, BRAF mutation was present in 43% of HPs (P = 0.01 versus sporadic HPs), 75% of serrated adenomas, 33% of admixed hyperplastic-adenomatous polyps, 30% of tubular adenomas, and 33% of carcinomas from patients with multiple/large HPs and/or hyperplastic polyposis. BRAF mutation status in patients with multiple/large HPs and/or hyperplastic polyposis correlated with HPs from the same patient (odds ratio, 5.8; P = 0.0002) but associated with younger age (odds ratio, 0.83; P = 0.006 compared to older age), with a large HP (odds ratio, 22.5; P = 0.01 compared with patients with multiple HPs), with location of HPs in the right colon (odds ratio, 3.0; P = 0.03), and with methylation of the p16 gene and the MINT31 locus [odds ratio, 12.2 (P = 0.0001) and 4.4 (P = 0.02), respectively]. Our study shows that BRAF mutation status is heterogeneous among patients with multiple/large HPs and/or hyperplastic polyposis, suggesting differences in pathogenesis of HPs that indicate subsets within this phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030-4095, USA.
authors.forename: Robyn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beach
authors.forename: Annie On-On
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Tsung-Teh
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jill A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lunagomez
authors.forename: Russell R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Broaddus
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre J
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: Stanley R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Asif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rashid
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics; D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa; D044483:Intestinal Polyposis / Q000235:genetics*; D007417:Intestinal Polyps / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf