title: Legumain expression in relation to clinicopathologic and biological variables in colorectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Legumain, a novel asparaginyl endopeptidase, has been observed to be highly expressed in several types of tumors including colorectal cancer. However, there is no study examining the relationship of legumain expression to clinocopathologic and biological variables in colorectal cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated legumain expression in 164 primary colorectal cancers, 34 corresponding distant normal mucosa samples, 89 adjacent normal mucosa samples, and 33 lymph node metastases using immunohistochemistry. We also did Western blotting analysis on three additional colorectal cancers and three colonic cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Legumain expression was increased in primary tumors compared with distant or adjacent normal mucosa (P < 0.05), but there was no significant change between primary tumors and metastases (P > 0.05). Legumain expression was positively related to poorer differentiation/mucinous carcinoma (P = 0.04), higher degree of necrosis (P = 0.03) and apoptosis (P < 0.0001), positive proliferating cell nuclear antigen (P < 0.0001) and p53 expression (P = 0.049), and had a positive tendency towards stromelysin 3 (P = 0.058) and PINCH positivity (P = 0.05). The patients with tumors that showed both weak and lower percentage of the legumain expression, either in tumor (P = 0.01) or in stroma (P = 0.04), had a better prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The legumain expression may be involved in colorectal cancer development and have a prognostic value in the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Institute of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Linköping, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
authors.forename: Raghavendra Vasudeva
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arbman
authors.forename: Jingfang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: G David
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Roodman
authors.forename: Xiao-Feng
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000556:secondary; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003106:Colon / Q000201:enzymology*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D000099240:Asparaginyl Endopeptidase
chemical_list: D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D000099240:Asparaginyl Endopeptidase