title: Long-term results of the modified Hoffman procedure in the rheumatoid forefoot.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects the forefoot, causing metatarsalgia, hallux valgus, and deformities of the lesser toes. Various types of surgical correction have been described, including resection of the lesser-toe metatarsal heads coupled with arthrodesis of the great toe, resection arthroplasty of the proximal phalanx or metatarsal head, and metatarsal osteotomy. We report the results at an average of five and a half years following thirty-seven consecutive forefoot arthroplasties performed in twenty patients by one surgeon using a technique involving resection of all five metatarsal heads.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were treated with the same technique of resection of all five metatarsal heads through three dorsal incisions. All surviving patients were asked to return for follow-up, which included subjective assessment (with use of visual analogue pain scores, AOFAS [American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society] foot scores, and SF-12 [Short Form-12] mental and physical disability scores), physical examination, and radiographic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All results were satisfactory to excellent in the short term (six weeks postoperatively), and no patient sought additional surgical treatment for the feet. A superficial infection subsequently developed in two feet, and two feet had delayed wound-healing. At an average of 64.9 months postoperatively, the average AOFAS forefoot score was 64.5 points and the average hallux valgus angle was 22.3 degrees . There were no reoperations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resection of all five metatarsal heads in patients with metatarsalgia and hallux valgus associated with rheumatoid arthritis can be a safe procedure that provides reasonable, if rarely complete, relief of symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom. simon_thomas97@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: A W G
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kinninmonth
authors.forename: C Senthil
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000601:surgery*; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005545:Forefoot, Human / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome