title: A nonplatinum combination in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the most effective standard treatment available for patients with metastatic bladder cancer. For those patients who are unable to receive cisplatin, other effective combination treatments are needed. The objective of this research was to determine if a combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine would be effective in patients who were unable to receive cisplatin or have failed cisplatin treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with histologic-proven metastatic bladder cancer who had measurable disease were eligible. Patients received chemotherapy (in an outpatient clinic) with paclitaxel at 110 mg/m2 plus 1000 mg/m2 gemcitabine on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Patients were evaluated after 2 cycles of therapy using computed tomography and bone scan imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An objective response rate was achieved in 61% of the patients (13 of 18 subjects). Fifty-five percent of the patients who were previously treated with chemotherapy had an objective response (11 of 18 subjects). The median duration of response was 5 months and the toxicity was mild. All patients with low-risk disease had a response (8 of 18 subjects), compared with a 30% response rate in the intermediate-/high-risk group (P = 0.001, 10 of 18 subjects).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine given in an every 2-week regimen is very well tolerated and has significant activity in previously treated patients with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma. The combination of paclitaxel and gemcitabine appears to be effective for patients with good-risk disease who are unable to take cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California, USA. sandysri@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: Alice E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Guardino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D007682:Kidney Pelvis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D003841:Deoxycytidine; D017239:Paclitaxel; D000093542:Gemcitabine