title: Extracapsular extension of pelvic lymph node metastases from urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is an independent prognostic factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the prognostic impact of risk factors for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) with pelvic lymph node (LN) metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed a consecutive series of 507 patients with UCB who were preoperatively staged N0M0. One hundred one of 124 eligible patients who were treated with radical cystectomy and standardized extended bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy with curative intent and had postoperatively confirmed LN metastases were evaluated in regard to recurrence-free and overall survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A median of 22 nodes per patient (range, 10 to 43 nodes) were removed and examined. Median recurrence-free and overall survival durations were 17 months and 21 months (range for both, 1 to 191 months), respectively. In the multivariate analysis for recurrence-free survival, extracapsular extension of LN metastases was the strongest prognostic factor (P = .019). Other variables such as tumor stage (pT1/2 v pT3 and pT4), the number (< five v >/= five), and the percentage (< 20% v >/= 20%) of metastatic nodes had a significant influence on recurrence-free and overall survival in the univariate analysis. However, they all failed to be significant prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that radical cystectomy with bilateral lymphadenectomy can have a curative effect in a subset of patients with pelvic LN positive UCB. Provided that a representative number of LNs are removed by meticulous lymphadenectomy and that a thorough histologic examination is performed, prognosis for such patients can be determined quite reliably. In the multivariate analysis, extracapsular extension of LN metastases was the strongest factor predicting prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Bern, Inselspital, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fleischmann
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Thalmann
authors.forename: Regula
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Markwalder
authors.forename: Urs E
authors.initials: UE
authors.lastname: Studer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015653:Cystectomy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery