title: Valsalva retinopathy: diagnostic challenges in a patient with pars-planitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a case of Valsalva retinopathy in a patient with pars-planitis and to discuss its management.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a case of a 19-year-old male with a six-month history of bilateral intermediate uveitis, referred for evaluation of recent-onset spontaneous bilateral vitreous hemorrhages. Clinical evaluation and fluorescein angiography were negative for the presence of neovascularization. On closer questioning the patient revealed that he had his most recent symptoms after heavy weight lifting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was instructed to avoid heavy weight lifting. Over the next two months, vitreal hemorrhages had resolved. However, despite the treatment with systemic prednisone, the patient's intermediate uveitis was still active, and cystoid macular edema had developed. Therefore, we proceeded to systemic immunomodulatory therapy, which controlled the inflammation and preserved vision in each eye.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although a very rare cause, Valsalva maneuver should be included in the differential diagnosis of bilateral vitreous hemorrhages. Ophthalmologists should advise patients with known eye problems that can predispose to vitreal hemorrhages to refrain from it.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Androudi
authors.forename: Muna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Periklis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brazitikos
authors.forename: C Stephen
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015868:Pars Planitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D031300:Retinal Vasculitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver; D014823:Vitreous Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D011241:Prednisone