title: Maternal weight status modulates the effects of restriction on daughters' eating and weight.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effects of overweight and normal-weight mothers' restriction in child feeding on daughters' eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) and body mass index (BMI) change from age 5 to age 9 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal study of the health and development of young girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 91 overweight and 80 normal-weight mothers and their daughters, assessed when daughters were ages 5, 7, and 9 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measures included maternal restriction of daughters' intake at age 5 y, and daughters' EAH and BMI change from age 5 to 9 y.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no overall differences in the level of restriction that overweight and normal-weight mothers used. However, overweight mothers' restrictive feeding practices when daughters were age 5 y predicted daughters' EAH over time, and higher EAH scores were associated with greater BMI change from age 5 to 9 y. These relationships did not hold for daughters of normal-weight mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More adverse effects of restriction on daughters' EAH, and links between EAH and BMI change were only noted among daughters of overweight mothers. These findings highlight the need for a better understanding of factors that contribute to within-group variation in eating behavior and weight status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA. laf169@psu.edu
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Birch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008425:Maternal Behavior; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009679:Nuclear Family; D013997:Time Factors