title: Predictors of alcohol and crack cocaine use outcomes over a 3-year follow-up in treatment seekers.
abstract: This study identified predictors of long-term alcohol and crack cocaine use outcomes in individuals participating in the Persistent Effects of Treatment Study. The domains that were assessed included motivation, self-efficacy, social support, psychiatric severity, employment, housing status, and self-help group attendance at baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 30 month follow-ups. In alcohol users, higher perceived seriousness of substance use problems, self-efficacy, and self-help group attendance, as well as lower social support for substance use, consistently predicted better alcohol use outcomes in the subsequent assessment period. In crack cocaine users, only self-efficacy consistently predicted cocaine use outcomes. Higher self-efficacy during follow-up was predicted by lower perceived seriousness of substance use and lower alcohol use frequency in the prior assessment period, whereas greater self-help group attendance was predicted by greater perceived seriousness of substance use, and lower substance use frequency.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Treatment Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. mckay_j@mail.trc.upenn.edu
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: McKay
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Foltz
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Leahy
authors.forename: Evelyn M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kissin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003289:Convalescence; D016578:Crack Cocaine; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016578:Crack Cocaine