title: Prostate cancer metastases to bone: pathophysiology, pain management, and the promise of targeted therapy.
abstract: Bone metastases are a significant cause of pain and morbidity in prostate cancer, especially if they lead to complications such as pathological fractures and spinal cord compression. Palliation of pain can be achieved with radiation, radioisotopes, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates also reduce the risk of skeletal complications. Studies with animal models and advances in understanding the molecular basis for bone metastases have yielded new targets for therapy. Some of the promising therapeutic trials are reviewed in this paper.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 3334, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. pinski_j@ccnt.hsc.usc.edu
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pinski
authors.forename: Tanya B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Dorff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary*; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms