title: Individual differences in initial sensitivity and acute tolerance predict patterns of chronic drug tolerance to nitrous-oxide-induced hypothermia in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A preventive strategy for drug addiction would benefit from being able to identify vulnerable individuals. Understanding how an individual responds during an initial drug exposure may be useful for predicting how that individual will respond to repeated drug administrations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether individual differences in initial drug sensitivity and acute tolerance can predict how chronic tolerance develops.
  
  
  METHODS
  During an initial 3-h administration of 60% nitrous oxide (N(2)O), male Long-Evans rats were screened for N(2)O's hypothermic effect into subsets based on being initially insensitive (II), sensitive with acute tolerance (AT), or sensitive with no intrasessional recovery (NR). Animals in each individual difference category were randomly assigned to receive six 90-min exposures of either 60% N(2)O or placebo gas. Core temperature was measured telemetrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rats that exhibited a comparable degree of hypothermia during an initial N(2)O exposure, but differed in acute tolerance development, developed different patterns of chronic tolerance. Specifically, the NR group did not become fully tolerant over repeated N(2)O exposures while the AT group developed an initial hyperthermia followed by a return of core temperature to control levels indicative of full tolerance development. By the second N(2)O exposure, the II group breathing N(2)O became hyperthermic relative to the placebo control group and this hyperthermia persisted throughout the multiple N(2)O exposures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individual differences in initial drug sensitivity and acute tolerance development predict different patterns of chronic tolerance. The hypothesis is suggested that individual differences in opponent-adaptive responses may mediate this relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dental Public Health Sciences, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357475, Seattle, WA 98195-7475, USA. ramsay@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Kaiyala
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Leroux
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D013686:Telemetry / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009609:Nitrous Oxide