title: [Clinical application of minimally invasive neuroendoscopic techniques].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize and analyze the application of neuroendoscopic techniques in neurosurgery, and to discuss the role and significance of neuroendoscopic techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of neurosurgical diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We treated 1300 patients with different neurosurgical diseases by performing endoscopic neurosurgery (EN) and endoscopy-assisted microneurosurgery (EAM). Among 1300 paitents, 522 were treated with pure endoscopic neurosurgery, 260 with endoscopy-assisted microneurosurgery, 79 with endoscope-controlled bur hole trephination neurosurgery, 434 with endoscope transsphenoidial surgery, and 5 with other techniques through which an endoscope was used in conjunction with stereotactic guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Totally 362 hydrocephalus patients were treated using EN. Among them, 190 were treated by third ventriculostomy, 30 by V-P shunt, and 142 patients with complicated hydrocephalus and unsymmetry hydrocephalus by endoscopy-controlled pathologic septum fenestration, septum pellucidum fenestration, and treatment of inventricula inflammation. Clinical symptomatic improvement was achieved in 341 of 362 patients (94.2%). Also 160 intracranial cyst patients were treated using EN for resection and partial resection. Eighty-two patients were performed through cyst-ventricula fenestration. Clinical symptomatic improvement was achieved in 76 of 82 patients (92.7%). Seventy patients treated with endoscopy-controlled bur hole neurosurgery and 8 cases with endoscopy-assisted microneurosurgery got better recovery after operation. Among 260 patients with brain tumors, 252 patients were operated with EAM (190 patients with epidermoid cyst), 8 patients with EN (all brain tumors with diameters < 2.5 cm in inventricular). Clinical symptomatic improvement was achieved in 228 of 260 patients (87.7%). Among 49 patients with inventricular and cistern cyst, 40 patients who were treated by EN and 9 patients by endoscopy-controlled bur hole neurosurgery were resected and their clinical symptoms were improved after operation. Among 434 patients with sellar region lesions, 387 patients with pituitary adenomas, 19 patients with repair for CSF leaks, 9 patients with chordoma, and 19 patients with other neurosurgical diseases were performed with endoscopy-controlled transsphenoidial surgery. Clinical symptoms in 88.9% (386/434) of these patients were improved. Another 5 patients were treated with endoscopy combined with navigation and stereotatic guidance with good results. The complications related to operation were found in only 2% of all the patients including hemorrhage, infection, and damage of important structure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical application of neuroendoscopic techniques can decrease the damage caused by pure open surgery operation. It is possible to resect lesions at the utmost and protect normal tissue from lesions for using EN and EAM or endoscopy-controlled microneurosurgery (ECM). It is also helpful to enhance surgical quality and, reduce the complications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, CAMS and PUMC, Beijing 100050, China. zyzxizxg@public.bta.net.ca
authors.forename: Ya-zhuo
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Chung-cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xian-hong
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Pi-nan
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Ming-xue
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Piao
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004814:Epidermal Cyst / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D044583:Neuroendoscopy; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery