title: Optimal hydration status for cryopreservation of intermediate oily seeds: Citrus as a case study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the basis of the optimal hydration status for cryopreservation of intermediate oily seeds using Citrus as a model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationships between equilibrium relative humidity (RH), seed water content, presence of freezable water as determined by DSC analysis, and germination percentage after immersion in liquid nitrogen (LN) were investigated in Citrus aurantifolia, C. grandis, C. madurensis and C. reticulata. The relationship between the lipid content of seeds and their unfrozen water content was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Independent of their level of seed desiccation tolerance, the optimal desiccation RH for seed tolerance to LN exposure was 75-80 % in the four species studied. This optimal hydration status always coincided with that at which presence of frozen water could not be detected in seed tissues during the cooling/thawing process. The unfrozen water content of seeds was variable between species and negatively correlated to seed lipid content. Using the present data, those obtained previously in seven coffee species and those reported by other authors for five other species, a significant linear relationship was found between the lipid content and the unfrozen water content of seeds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides additional evidence that intermediate oily seeds do not withstand the presence of freezable water in their tissues during the cooling/warming process. Moreover, it offers two important applied perspectives: (1) independent of their level of desiccation tolerance, testing germination of seeds of a given oily seed species after equilibration in 75-80 % RH at 25 degrees C and LN exposure, gives a rapid and reliable evaluation of the possibility of cryopreserving whole seeds of this given species; (2) it is now possible to calculate the interval of water contents in which non-orthodox oily seeds of a given species are likely to withstand LN exposure as a function of their lipid content.
authors.affiliation: Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
authors.forename: Y L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Hor
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ugap
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chabrillange
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Sinniah
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dussert
mesh_terms: D002957:Citrus / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003890:Desiccation; D018525:Germination; D008055:Lipids / Q000502:physiology*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000378:metabolism; D012639:Seeds / Q000502:physiology*; D014867:Water / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010938:Plant Oils; D014867:Water