title: DNA ploidy and immunomarking of bladder urothelial tumors before and after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate DNA ploidy and immunoexpression of Ki-67 and p53 as predictivefactors in cases of superficial urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) treated with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples were obtained from 66 patients with UCC (pTa grade 3 or high grade and pT1 independent of grade or with concomitant carcinoma in situ) before and after intravesical BCG treatment. DNA ploidy analysis (ploidy balance, degree of hyperploidy and aneuploidy, proliferation index) was done by static cytometry. Ki-67 and p53 were analyzed immunohistochemically in paraffin-embedded tissue, and their quantification was carried out using an image analysis system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a mean follow-up of 63.8 months, 31 of the 66 patients developed recurrent tumors (46.9%). DNA ploidy analysis showed that ploidy balance as well as degree of hyperploidy and aneuploidy were not statistically different between recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors. Only proliferation index was statistically significant between recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors. No statistically significant difference was observed in the percentage of Ki-67- and p53-positive cells between primary tumors that recurred and those that did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that only proliferation index has predictive value for recurrence and progression in UCC treated with BCG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Aspasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kyroudi-Voulgari
authors.forename: Mirsini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kouloukoussa
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Simigiatos
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karakitsos
authors.forename: Anastasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zervas
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kittas
authors.forename: Dionisios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mitropoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019044:Image Cytometry; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011003:Ploidies; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53