title: Uptake and enantioselective elimination of chlordane compounds by common carp (Cyprinus carpio, L.).
abstract: An analytical method involving supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) followed by a two-dimensional gas chromatography (2D-GC) analysis was developed to determine the concentration (first GC) and enantiomeric ratio (second GC) of cis- and trans-chlordanes at the ppb (ng/g) level in fish tissue. The SFE method allowed concentration of the compounds of interest, and reduced the number of extraction and sample clean-up manipulations as compared to classical solvent extraction techniques. Four hundred common carp fingerling (Cyprinus carpio, L.) were exposed for three days to water containing 5 ppb (5 ng/g) technical grade chlordane containing about 1 ppb of chlordane isomers. The fish concentrated the pesticides more than 200 times (162 and 312 ng/g of cis- and trans-chlordane, respectively). However, the uptake is not enantioselective. The concentration of the principle constituents and their enantiomeric ratio was followed during a fifty days growth period in chlordane free water. The first order decay of concentration was observed with a half time of about 18 days for both the cis- and trans-chlordane isomers. However it was found that the enantiomeric ratio of the trans-chlordane was significantly altered during this short period of time, decreasing from ER=1 to ER=0.7, while no enantiomeric changes were observed for the cis-chlordane. It seems that the (-)-trans-chlordane is metabolized significantly faster (t(1/2-)=15 days) in the river carp fish than the (+)-trans-enantiomer (t(1/2+)=20 days).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Schrenk Hall, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65401, USA.
authors.forename: Rachadaporn
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Seemamahannop
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berthod
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maples
authors.forename: Shubhender
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kapila
authors.forename: Daniel W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002347:Carps / Q000378:metabolism*; D002706:Chlordan / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002706:Chlordan