title: The myth of sameness among Latino men and their machismo.
abstract: This study examined the construct of machismo in relationship to measures of machismo, masculinity, and gender role identity. One hundred forty-eight Latino men with an average age of 36, primarily Mexican American and Puerto Rican, participated. Results indicate that machismo can be characterized as a multidimensional construct, and cluster analyses found that traditional definitions of machismo as authoritarian, emotionally restrictive, and controlling represented only about 10% of the classified Latinos. Most of the sample identified with more emotionally responsive, collaborative, and flexible masculinity styles. Five identity dimensions identified were Contemporary Masculinity, Machismo, Traditional Machismo, Conflicted/Compassionate Machismo, and Contemporary Machismo. Implications include the need to change stereotypes of machismo to be more congruent with the variation in Latino male identity.
authors.affiliation: Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA. jbt@csd.uwm.edu
authors.forename: José B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: V Scott H
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Solberg
authors.forename: Aaron H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Carlstrom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001318:Authoritarianism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005783:Gender Identity; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D010551:Personality; D011287:Prejudice; D011647:Puerto Rico / Q000208:ethnology; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D012933:Social Identification; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States