title: Nocturia in relation to somatic health, mental health and pain in adult men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship of nocturia to somatic health, mental health and bodily pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomly selected group of men and women aged 20-64 years, living in three small municipalities in northern Sweden, or in the city of Ostersund or in Stockholm, were sent a postal questionnaire containing questions on somatic and mental health, satisfaction with life, pain, nocturnal voiding, work and sick-listing from work.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reports (from 1948 respondents) on poor somatic and mental health and on pain all increased in parallel with increasing frequency of nocturnal voids. In a multiple logistic regression analysis with sex, age, somatic health, mental health and bodily pain as the independent variables, significant independent correlates (odds ratios, confidence intervals) of nocturnal micturition (two or more episodes vs none or one) were: age 45-59 vs 20-44 years, 1.9 (1.3-2.7), > or =60 vs 20-44 years, 3.8 (2.4-6.0); somatic health, poor vs good, 2.3 (1.4-3.7); mental health, poor vs good, 1.9 (1.2-3.0); pain, rather mild vs very mild or none, 1.5 (1.0-2.3); rather severe vs very mild or none, 1.9 (1.1-3.2); and very severe vs very mild or none, 6.0 (2.5-14.0). Gender was deleted by the logistic model. Sick-listing for > or = 60 days during the past year was reported by 4.9%, 10.6%, 5.6% and 38.9% of the men with none, one, two or > or = three nocturnal voids, respectively, and by 10%, 12.4%, 23% and 46.7% (both P < 0.001) of the corresponding women, respectively. Life satisfaction decreased in parallel with increased nocturia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The impairment of both somatic and mental health was associated with increased nocturnal voiding. Pain was associated with a substantial increase in nocturia after adjusting for age and somatic and mental health. Sick-leave was more common in association with more nocturnal voids.
authors.affiliation: Family Medicine Stockholm, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden. r.asplund@telia.com
authors.forename: Ragnar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asplund
authors.forename: Sven-Uno
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Marnetoft
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Selander
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akerström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018582:Sick Leave; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*