title: Overweight, obesity and body fat composition in spanish adolescents. The AVENA Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Spanish adolescent population and its relationship with the socioeconomic status, and to assess their body fat composition and compare these results with previous data from our own country.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in five Spanish cities (Granada, Madrid, Murcia, Santander and Zaragoza) in 2000-2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  2,320 adolescents with complete set of anthropometric measurements, 1,192 boys and 1,128 girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Body mass index calculated from weight and height measurements, and body fat percentage calculated from skinfold thickness measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overweight + obesity prevalences were 25.69 and 19.13% in boys and girls, respectively. Overweight + obesity prevalence increased in boys from high to medium-low socioeconomic status categories (p = 0.015); meanwhile, there was not a significant effect of socioeconomic status in girls. In males, overweight + obesity prevalence changed from 1985 to 2000-2002 from 13 to 35% and in females from 16 to 32%. The rate of change in overweight + obesity prevalences seems to increase in the last years; from 0.88 (1985 to 1995) to 2.33%/year (1995 to 2000-2002) in males and from 0.5 (1985 to 1995) to 1.83%/year (1995 to 2000-2002) in females. The rate of body fat percentage increase was similar between 1980 and 1995 and between 1995 and 2000-2002: 0.26 and 0.23%/year, respectively, at 13 years of age, and 0.16 and 0.17%/year, respectively, at 14 years of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed elevated overweight and obesity prevalences in Spanish adolescents, similar to those observed in other European countries. There is a significant inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and overweight + obesity, but only in boys. The rate of change in overweight prevalence in Spanish adolescents seems to increase, and the rate of increase of body fat percentage seems to be similar as in previous years.
authors.affiliation: EU Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. lmoreno@unizar.es
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: María I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Mesana
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fleta
authors.forename: Jonatan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: González-Gross
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarría
authors.forename: Ascensión
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marcos
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bueno
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000502:physiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D017195:Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology; D000367:Age Factors; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012737:Sex Factors; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology