title: [Cephalometric evaluation of the effects of pendulum appliance on various vertical growth patterns].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the pendulum appliance in treating dental Class II patients with various vertical growth patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  The samples (n = 30) were divided into three groups equally based on their FMA. Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs were taken to measure the changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of upper molar distalization in the low-angle group was the fewest, and that in the high-angle group was the most. Upper molars had been intruded insignificantly. The amount of anchorage loss at the first premolars and overjet increased at incisors was different in the three groups. The biggest change happened in the low-angle group, and the smallest in the high-angle group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study showed that pendulum appliance could move the upper molars distally in a short period of time. The upper molars in different groups were intruded insignificantly. Pendulum appliance could be used to move the upper molars distally in high-angle cases.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Song-jiao
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Zhi-he
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Xiao-hui
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ni
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001641:Bicuspid; D002508:Cephalometry; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques