title: Liver cell lines for the study of hepatocyte functions and immunological response.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Liver cell lines closely resembling primary hepatocyte are essential for research on hepatitis viruses and hepatocyte function. Currently used cell lines are derived from hepatic tumours and have altered gene expression.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The generation and characterisation of novel human hepatocyte lines (HHLs) derived from healthy human liver, retaining the primary hepatocyte phenotype.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary hepatocytes were immortalised with Moloney's mouse leukaemia virus expressing E6 and E7 proteins of human papillomavirus, and cultures propagated long-term. All HHLs contained markers of hepatocyte and biliary phenotype (cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 19), Cytochrome P450 and albumin. The HHLs did not express high levels of p53 or alpha-fetoprotein. When grown in a collagen sandwich culture, or at the air-liquid interface, HHLs were maintained as monolayer whereas Huh-7 and HepG2 formed thick layers. All HHLs showed increased capacity to bind recombinant hepatitis C virus-like particles in comparison with Huh-7 and HepG2. We also demonstrate that HHLs contained active gap junctions, and that the cells respond to stimulation with IFN-alpha by upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and -II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These HHLs retain primary hepatocyte phenotype and should be useful for investigating mechanisms of entry and replication of hepatotropic viruses, and should also be valuable in the study of hepatocyte biology and pathology.
authors.affiliation: MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK.
authors.forename: Reginald F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Clayton
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rinaldi
authors.forename: Eve E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Kandyba
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Edward
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Willberg
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klenerman
authors.forename: Arvind H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D001665:Binding Sites; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D017629:Gap Junctions; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma