title: TGF-beta1, IL-1beta, and Th2 cytokines stimulate vascular endothelial growth factor production from conjunctival fibroblasts.
abstract: Giant papillary formation containing newly formed vessels is a major characteristic of severe allergic conjunctivitis, such as atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) or vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). We examined production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from cultured conjunctival fibroblasts from normal volunteers under stimulation with type 1-, type 2-helper T cell derived and proinflammatory cytokines to investigate the mechanism of giant papillae formation in AKC/VKC. Primary cultured conjunctival fibroblasts were incubated with interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-1beta, IL-2, tumor necrotizing factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, or transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1. Effects of cytokines on VEGF protein secretion in supernatant were assessed by ELISA, and VEGF mRNA expression in cultured cells were assessed by quantitative PCR. TGF-beta1 most effectively increased VEGF concentration with dose- and time-dependent manner IL-1beta, IL-4, and IL-13 significantly increased VEGF concentration. Though IL-2 also showed slight increase of VEGF concentration, it was not statistically significant. TNF-alpha and INF-gamma did not increase VEGF concentration. Quantitative PCR showed significant increase of VEGF mRNA in TGF-beta1, IL-1beta, and IL-4 stimulated fibroblasts. TGF-beta1, IL-1beta, and Th2 cytokines from allergic inflammatory cells induced VEGF production in conjunctival fibroblasts, and may play a crucial role in neovascularization and formation of giant papillae in AKC/VKC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Sugano 5-11-13, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan. naokato@bc.iij4u.or.jp
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asano-Kato
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukagawa
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawakita
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dogru
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujishima
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007375:Interleukin-1; D018793:Interleukin-13; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma