title: Immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis: past, present and future.
abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by inflammation of the synovial lining of joints, and the destruction of cartilage and bone. Seminal studies demonstrating that pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), are expressed in RA, has resulted in the approval of anti-TNFalpha biological therapies for its treatment. Although groundbreaking in themselves, these studies have also paved the way for further research to determine whether the targeting of other cytokines and immune pathways might aid in development of the next generation of drugs for the treatment of RA.
authors.affiliation: Imperial College, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Arthritis Research Campaign Building, 1 Aspenlea Road, London W6 8LH, UK.
authors.forename: Branavan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sivakumar
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Paleolog
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000266:history / Q000628:therapy*; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000266:history* / Q000639:trends*