title: Antitumor effect of geranylamine derivatives on human hepatoma.
abstract: In this study, we examined the antitumor activities of isoprenoid derivatives conjugated with substrates of energy metabolism in human hepatoma-bearing athymic mice. Among these compounds, N-geranylpyruvic amide, N-geranyl-p-pyruvaminobenzoic amide, N,N'-digeranylmalic diamide and N,N'-digeranyl-O-acetylmalic diamide had strong antitumor effects. These geranylamine derivatives also inhibited in vitro cell growth. Sugar conjugates of geranylamine, geranic acid and mevalonic acid did not show any antitumor effect in vivo or in vitro. Although the geranylamine derivatives had no impact on the cell cycle distribution at 24 h, a sub-G1 (apoptotic) peak of varying magnitude was seen in DNA histograms of cells treated with the derivatives for 48 h. However, the geranylamine derivatives did not inhibit protein isoprenylation, which has been reported in cancer cells treated with several natural isoprenoids. These results suggest that the geranylamine derivatives conjugated with malic acid and pyruvic acid have a different mechanism of antitumor activity from that of natural isoprenoids.
authors.affiliation: Ogen Institute, Awazu Neuropsychiatric Sanatorium, Wo-88 Yatano-machi, Komatsu, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Takanobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kumamoto
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokogawa
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013729:Terpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D013729:Terpenes