title: Effect of 7-hydroxystaurosporine on glioblastoma cell invasion and migration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01), a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, on cell growth, migration, and invasion in invasive human glioblastoma U-87MG cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  PKC activity was determined based on the PKC-catalyzed transfer of the (32)P-phosphate group from [g-(32)P]ATP into a PKC-specific peptide substrate. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Cell invasion and migration were evaluated by a Boyden chamber assay and scratch wound assay, respectively. Protein expression was analyzed using Western blot assay. The formation of 3-dimensional cellular aggregates was examined by a cell-cell aggregation assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UCN-01 treatment resulted in concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of U-87MG cell growth at higher doses (>100 nmol/L), and reduced cell invasion and migration capability at less cytotoxic doses (<100 nmol/L). UCN-01 significantly repressed PKC activity. Consistent with this result, UCN-01 blocked cell invasion stimulated by phorbel 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and ethanol (EtOH), 2 PKC activators. Enforced expression of the tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and PTEN increased the anti-invasion potential of UCN-01. Exposure to UCN-01 caused a dose-dependent increase in cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin. The effect of UCN-01 on the formation of cell-cell aggregation was significantly reduced by the addition of an anti-E-cadherin antibody.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  UCN-01 inhibits the invasion and migration of human glioma cells. Accordingly, UCN-01 can have potential clinical applications for the treatment of human glioma metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20057, USA.
authors.forename: Qing-hui
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Li-xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jia-lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Jian-ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Sai-jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Fan
mesh_terms: D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D015820:Cadherins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C054852:7-hydroxystaurosporine; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019311:Staurosporine