title: DNA looping in gene regulation: from the assembly of macromolecular complexes to the control of transcriptional noise.
abstract: The formation of DNA loops by the binding of proteins and protein complexes at distal DNA sites plays a central role in many cellular processes, such as transcription, recombination and replication. Important thermodynamic concepts underlie the assembly of macromolecular complexes on looped DNA. The effects that this process has on the properties of gene regulation extend beyond the traditional view of DNA looping as a mechanism to increase the affinity of regulatory molecules for their cognate sites. Recent developments indicate that DNA looping can also lead to the suppression of cell-to-cell variability, the control of transcriptional noise, and the activation of cooperative interactions on demand.
authors.affiliation: Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 307 East 63rd Street, New York, NY 10021, USA. vilar@cbio.mskcc.org
authors.forename: Jose M G
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Vilar
authors.forename: Leonor
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Saiz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D010582:Bacteriophage lambda / Q000235:genetics; D001665:Binding Sites; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007763:Lac Operon / Q000235:genetics; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism*; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D004247:DNA