title: Are prophylactic antibiotics necessary with clean intermittent catheterization? A randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Clean intermittent catheterization has been an established practice for more than 3 decades. The validity of antibiotic prophylaxis has been questioned although not tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-five patients were recruited into a randomized controlled trial. The randomization involved the placement into 1 of 2 groups: (A) continuing antibiotics or (B) discontinuing antibiotics. The trial would last 4 months with the outcome being a confirmed urinary tract infection. All groups were matched for age, sex, and pathology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of urinary tract infections was significantly increased in the group who continued to use antibiotics (n = 20) when compared with the group who discontinued prophylaxis (n = 3). The common infecting organism was Escherichia coli.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of prophylactic antibiotics for children who intermittently catheterize may not be necessary. The use of prophylactic antibiotics may result in increased rates of infection because of the development of resistant organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, St Georges Hospital Medical School, Tooting, London, SE17 8QT, UK. sclarke3005@aol.com
authors.forename: Simon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Madan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samuel
authors.forename: Su-Anna
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Boddy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000009:adverse effects; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002648:Child; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012648:Self Care; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019564:Unnecessary Procedures; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*