title: Screening antidepressants in the chick separation-stress paradigm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical research has indicated that antidepressants are efficacious in the treatment of anxiety disorders, especially when repeatedly administered. However, few animal models of anxiety are sensitive to antidepressants, a finding that may be due to procedures limited to acute administrations.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the present research was to further validate the chick separation-stress paradigm as an animal model of anxiety by examining its sensitivity to the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine (6.25, 12.5, 25.0 mg/kg), the tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) imipramine (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (1.0, 2.5, 5.0 mg/kg), and the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) maprotiline (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 mg/kg) under acute (no pretreatment) or repeated (3 or 6 days pretreatment) administration procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following any pretreatment, 8-day-old chicks received their respective vehicle or drug probe injection 15 min before tests in either a "mirror" (low stress) or "no mirror" (high stress) condition for a 180-s isolation period. The dependent measures were distress vocalizations to index separation stress and sleep onset latency to index sedation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The model was sensitive to acutely administered phenelzine (MAOI), imipramine (TCA), and maprotiline (NRI), but not citalopram (SSRI) and retained its sensitivity to these drug probes across both repeated administration procedures. None of the drug probes possessed any sedative properties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results help extend the validity and utility of the chick separation-stress paradigm as an animal model of anxiety by demonstrating its sensitivity to antidepressants under both acute and repeated administration procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA. feltens@musc.edu
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Feltenstein
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sufka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002645:Chickens; D015283:Citalopram / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D007099:Imipramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008376:Maprotiline / Q000494:pharmacology; D010624:Phenelzine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D015283:Citalopram; D008376:Maprotiline; D010624:Phenelzine; D007099:Imipramine