title: The effects of renal transplantation on circulating precursor dendritic cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells that induce and regulate immune responses. Recent advances allow accurate quantification of peripheral blood (PB) myeloid and plasmacytoid DC populations (mDC and pDC, respectively), although the response to renal transplantation (RT) remains unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using flow cytometry, PBDC levels were quantified in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing renal transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PBDC levels were significantly reduced in ESRD patients pretransplantation compared to healthy controls, with further reduction noted immediately following a hemodialysis session. RT resulted in a dramatic decrease in both subsets, with a greater reduction of pDC levels. Both subset levels were significantly lower than in control patients undergoing abdominal surgery without RT. Subgroup analysis revealed significantly greater mDC reduction in RT recipients receiving antilymphocyte therapy, with preferential binding of antibody preparation to this subset. Samples from later time points revealed a gradual return of PBDC levels back to pretransplant values concurrent with overall reduction of immunosuppression. Finally, PBDC levels were significantly reduced in patients with BK virus nephropathy compared to recipients with stable graft function, despite lower overall immunosuppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that PBDC levels may reflect the degree of immunosuppression in renal allograft recipients. Furthermore, PBDC monitoring may represent a novel strategy to predict important outcomes such as acute rejection, long-term graft loss, and infectious complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA. womerkl@ufl.edu
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Womer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Patton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaleem
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bucci
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Murawski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schold
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Efron
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hemming
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: H-U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Meier-Kriesche
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Clare-Salzler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology