title: Increased rate of major malformations in offspring exposed to valproate during pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the rate of occurrence of major malformations in infants whose mothers had taken the drug valproic acid (VPA) as monotherapy during the first trimester of pregnancy and had enrolled in the North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from pregnant women throughout the United States and Canada through telephone-based interviews. Each woman was interviewed at enrollment, at 7 months' gestation, and postpartum. With her written permission, the medical records of each mother and her infant were obtained. The major malformations tabulated were those identified at or before 5 days of age. The prevalence of congenital malformations among offspring of monotherapy VPA-exposed women was compared with that among infants of women exposed to all other antiepileptic drugs (internal comparison group) and with that among newborns in the Active Malformations Surveillance Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital (external comparison group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen affected cases were identified among 149 VPA-exposed women (proportion: 10.7%; 95% CI: 6.3 to 16.9%). The prevalence in the internal comparison group was 2.9% (95% CI: 2.0 to 4.1%; odds ratio: 4.0, 95% CI: 2.1 to 7.4; p < 0.001). Assuming a 1.62% prevalence in the external comparison group, the relative risk of having an affected offspring for VPA-exposed women was 7.3 (95% CI: 4.4 to 12.2; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal exposure to valproic acid during the first trimester of pregnancy significantly increased the risk of major malformations.
authors.affiliation: Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St., L-320, Boston, MA 02118, USA. dfw@bu.edu
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Wyszynski
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nambisan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Surve
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Alsdorf
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D009656:North America / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000187:drug effects; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014635:Valproic Acid