title: A novel high-throughput screening format to identify inhibitors of secreted acid sphingomyelinase.
abstract: Secreted extracellular acid sphingomyelinase (sASM) activity has been suggested to promote atherosclerosis by enhancing subendothelial aggregation and retention of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) with resultant foam cell formation. Compounds that inhibit sASM activity, at neutral pH, may prevent lipid retention and thus would be expected to be anti-atherosclerotic. With the goal of identifying novel compounds that inhibit sASM at pH 7.4, a high-throughput screen was performed. Initial screening was run using a modification of a proven system that measures the hydrolysis of radiolabeled sphingomyelin presented in detergent micelles in a 96-well format. Separation of the radiolabeled aqueous phosphorylcholine reaction product from uncleaved sphingomyelin lipid substrate was achieved by chloroform/methanol extraction. During the screening campaign, a novel extraction procedure was developed to eliminate the use of the hazardous organic reagents. This new procedure exploited the ability of uncleaved, radiolabeled lipid substrate to interact with hydrophobic phenyl-sepharose beads. A comparison of the organic-based and the bead-based extraction sASM screening assays revealed Z' factor values ranging from 0.7 to 0.95 for both formats. In addition, both assay formats led to the identification of sub- to low micromolar inhibitors of sASM at pH 7.4 with similar IC(50) values. Subsequent studies demonstrated that both methods were also adaptable to run in a 384-well format. In contrast to the results observed at neutral pH, however, only the organic extraction assay was capable of accurately measuring sASM activity at its pH optimum of 5.0. The advantages and disadvantages of both sASM assay formats are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research, Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Mintzer
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Appell
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: Rene
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pagila
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Polokoff
authors.forename: Ira
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tabas
authors.forename: R Michael
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Snider
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Meurer-Ogden
mesh_terms: D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008823:Micelles; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000379:methods; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008823:Micelles; D013108:Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase