title: Capreomycin is active against non-replicating M. tuberculosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is affecting one-third of the world population, and activation of LTBI is a substantial source of new cases of tuberculosis. LTBI is caused by tubercle bacilli in a state of non-replicating persistence (NRP), and the goal of this study was to evaluate the activity in vitro of various antimicrobial agents against non-replicating M. tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  To achieve a state of NRP we placed broth cultures of M. tuberculosis (three strains) in anaerobic conditions, and in this model tested all known anti-TB drugs and some other antimicrobial agents (a total of 32 drugs). The potential effect was evaluated by plating samples from broth cultures for determining the number of viable bacteria (CFU/ml) during a prolonged period of cultivation. Besides drug-free controls we used metronidazole for positive controls, the only drug known so far to be effective against tubercle bacilli in anaerobic setting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On a background of non-replicating conditions in drug-free cultures and clear bactericidal effect of metronidazole none of the antimicrobial agents tested produced effect similar to that of metronidazole except capreomycin, which was as bactericidal at the same level as metronidazole.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unique ability of capreomycin to be bactericidal in vitro among the anti-TB drugs against non-replicating tubercle bacilli may justify the search for other drugs among peptide antibiotics with similar activity. This phenomenon requires further studies on the mechanism of action of capreomycin, and evaluation of its activity in appropriate animal models.
authors.affiliation: National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA. HeifetsL@njc.org
authors.forename: Leonid
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Heifets
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Van
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pham
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002207:Capreomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D003470:Culture Media; D002207:Capreomycin