title: Can measured resting energy expenditure be estimated by formulae in daily clinical nutrition practice?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To recognize the fundamental factors that alter energy expenditure on a daily basis and the impact they have on the measurement of caloric consumption by the human body, through respiratory indirect calorimetry, and thus to try to determine which predictive equation best correlates with total energy expenditure generated from energy measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most important compartment of the body, for its metabolic activity and influence upon resting metabolic rate, is fat-free mass. Other variables affecting energy expenditure are sex, weight, height, age, body surface area, fat mass and ethnicity. Metabolic and activity factors such as the thermic effect of nutrients, facultative thermogenesis, anabolism/growth and physical activity, also contribute, comprising total daily energy expenditure. Following the pioneering work of Harris and Benedict for the estimation of energy expenditure, several authors turned their experimental interest to this area, and various recent predictive formulae were derived. These are useful and easy to apply in daily clinical nutrition practice. However, because of the cited variables upon energy expenditure, the final daily caloric estimates show inherent errors ranging from -23.5 to +22.5% upon measured caloric expenditure. These are particularly remarkable in critically ill patients who are exposed to medical and surgical interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One has to be careful in choosing, understanding and clinically applying the results from predictive equations, bearing in mind that the original population from which the equation was derived does not always correspond to that currently being evaluated.
authors.affiliation: NUTROCLIN, Clínica São Vicente/Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. edurocha46@globo.com
authors.forename: Eduardo E Moreira
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.forename: Valéria Girard F
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Mônica Hissa N
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: Rosana Barcellos V
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: da Fonseca
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D016638:Critical Illness; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests