An approach for measuring in vivo cerebral redox states using the oxidative conversion of dihydropyridine to pyridinium ion and the metabolic trapping principle.
This study was undertaken to develop radiopharmaceuticals for measuring in vivo cerebral redox states. Based on the oxidative conversion of dihydropyridine to pyridinium ion and the metabolic trapping principle, five N-[(14)C]methyl-3 or 3,5-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines with different oxidation rates were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as a prototype of radiotracers for measuring in vivo cerebral redox states. When these tracers were injected into mice, they crossed the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and became trapped in the brain depending on their oxidation rates, while the corresponding oxidized forms hardly crossed the BBB. Furthermore, a significant increase in the radioactivity trapped in the brain was observed following injection of N-[(14)C]methyl-3-acetyl-1,4-dihydropyridine to mice pretreated with diethylmaleate that depletes glutathione in the brain. These findings suggested that an approach based on the oxidative conversion of dihydropyridine to the pyridinium ion and the metabolic trapping principle would be useful for measuring in vivo cerebral redox states.
Okamura
Toshimitsu
T
Department of Medical Imaging, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
Kikuchi
Tatsuya
T
Nagamine
Ayaka
A
Fukushi
Kiyoshi
K
Sekine
Toshikazu
T
Arano
Yasushi
Y
Irie
Toshiaki
T
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005609:Free Radicals; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
D004095:Dihydropyridines; D005609:Free Radicals; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; C038806:1,4-dihydropyridine; D005978:Glutathione