title: Measurement properties of the UK-English version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL) generic core scales.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Health related quality of life (HRQL) has been recognised as an important paediatric outcome measurement. One of the more promising measures to emerge in recent years is the Pediatric Quality Of Life Inventory (PedsQL), developed in the US. Advantages of the PedsQL include brevity, availability of age appropriate versions and parallel forms for child and parent. This study developed a UK-English version of PedsQL generic module and assessed its performance in a group of UK children and their parents.
  
  
  METHODS
  PedsQL was translated to UK-English. The psychometric properties of the UK version were then tested following administration to 1399 children and 970 of their parents. The sample included healthy children, children diagnosed with asthma, diabetes or inflammatory bowel disease and children in remission from cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychometric properties were similar to those reported for the original PedsQL. Internal reliability exceeded 0.70 for all proxy and self-report sub-scales. Discriminant validity was established for proxy and self-report with higher HRQL being reported for healthy children than those with health problems. Sex differences were noted on the emotional functioning subscale, with females reporting lower HRQL than males. Proxy and self-report correlation was higher for children with health problems than for healthy children.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The UK-English version of PedsQL performed as well as the original PedsQL and is recommended for assessment of paediatric HRQL in the UK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, UK. p.upton@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Penney
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Upton
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eiser
authors.forename: Ivy
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Hayley A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Hutchings
authors.forename: Meriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jenney
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maddocks
authors.forename: Ian T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000469:parasitology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012917:Social Adjustment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom