title: Mitochondria as integrators of information in an early-evolving animal: insights from a triterpenoid metabolite.
abstract: Mitochondria have the capacity to integrate environmental signals and, in animals with active stem cell populations, trigger responses in terms of growth and growth form. Colonial hydroids, which consists of feeding polyps connected by tube-like stolons, were treated with avicis, triterpenoid electrophiles whose anti-cancer properties in human cells are mediated in part by mitochondria. In treated hydroids, both oxygen uptake and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species were diminished relative to controls, similar to that observed in human cells exposed to avicins. While untreated colonies exhibit more stolon branches and connections in the centre of the colony than at the periphery, treated colonies exhibit the opposite: fewer stolon branches in the centre of the colony than at the periphery. The resulting growth form suggest an inversion of the normal pattern of colony development mediated by mitochondrial and redox-related perturbations. An as-yet-uncharacterized gradient within the colony may determine the ultimate phenotypic effects of avicin perturbation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA. neilb@niu.edu
authors.forename: Neil W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Blackstone
authors.forename: Molly M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Valsala
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Haridas
authors.forename: Jordan U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Gutterman
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D005453:Fluorescence; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D037402:Hydrozoa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C110400:2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; D005452:Fluoresceins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012503:Saponins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide