title: Long-range interactions between three transcriptional enhancers, active Vkappa gene promoters, and a 3' boundary sequence spanning 46 kilobases.
abstract: The mouse immunoglobulin kappa (Igkappa) gene contains an intronic enhancer and two enhancers downstream of its transcription unit. Using chromosome conformation capture technology, we demonstrate that rearranged and actively transcribed Igkappa alleles in MPC-11 plasmacytoma cells exhibit mutual interactions over 22 kb between these three enhancers and Vkappa gene promoters. In addition, the 5' region of the active transcription unit exhibits a continuum of interactions with downstream chromatin segments. We also observe interactions between Ei and E3' with 3' boundary sequences 24 kb downstream of Ed, adjacent to a neighboring housekeeping gene. Very similar interactions between the enhancers are also exhibited by normal B cells isolated from mouse splenic tissue but not by germ line transcriptionally inactive alleles of T cells or P815 mastocytoma cells, which exhibit a seemingly linear chromatin organization. These results fit a looping mechanism for enhancer function like in the beta-globin locus and suggest a dynamic modulation of the spatial organization of the active Igkappa locus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that the interacting Igkappa gene cis-acting sequences are associated with AP-4, E47, and p65NF-kappaB, potential protein candidates that may be responsible for initiating and/or maintaining the formation of these higher-order complexes. However, S107 plasmacytoma cells that lack NF-kappaB still exhibit mutual interactions between the Igkappa gene enhancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9148. William.Garrard@UTSouthwestern.edu.
authors.forename: Zhe
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: William T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Garrard
mesh_terms: D024509:3' Flanking Region; D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics*; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains / Q000235:genetics*; D019901:Locus Control Region / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010954:Plasmacytoma; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; C544913:Tcf7l1 protein, mouse; D058125:Transcription Factor 7-Like 1 Protein; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005914:Globins; D004247:DNA