title: Identification of the genes involved in enhanced fenretinide-induced apoptosis by parthenolide in human hepatoma cells.
abstract: Fenretinide (N-4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide, 4HPR) is a synthetic anticancer retinoid that is a well-known apoptosis-inducing agent. Recently, we observed that the apoptosis induced by fenretinide could be effectively enhanced in hepatoma cells by a concomitant treatment with parthenolide, which is a known inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Furthermore, treatment with fenretinide triggered the activation of NF-kappaB during apoptosis, which could be substantially inhibited by parthenolide, suggesting that NF-kappaB activation during fenretinide-induced apoptosis has an antiapoptotic effect. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of this apoptotic potentiation by NF-kappaB inhibition. The genes involved in the enhanced fenretinide-induced apoptosis by parthenolide were identified using the differential display-PCR method and subsequent Northern blot or semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. This study identified 35 apoptosis-related genes including 12 unknown genes that were either up- or down-regulated by parthenolide. Interestingly, one up-regulated gene (HA1A2) was isolated and cloned from the liver cDNA, and was found to be identical to ANKRD1, which is also referred to as the CARP gene. Compared with controls treated with an empty vector or with antisense cDNA, the ectopic expression of ANKRD1 led to reduced colony formation and to enhanced apoptotic cell death in hepatoma cells. These results suggest that ANKRD1 and the other genes, whose expressions were substantially modulated by the parthenolide-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, play roles in the enhanced drug-induced apoptosis. In addition, this study suggests that those identified genes may be useful in anticancer strategies against hepatoma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Chonju, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong-Hyang
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: In-Hee
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jong-Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kyung-Ran
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Dae-Ghon
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D017313:Fenretinide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C491304:ANKRD1 protein, human; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D017313:Fenretinide; C002669:parthenolide