title: Induction of human leukemia HL-60 cell differentiation via a PKC/ERK pathway by helenalin, a pseudoguainolide sesquiterpene lactone.
abstract: Helenalin, a cell-permeable pseudoguainolide sesquiterpene lactone, is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) DNA binding activity. In this report, we investigated the effect of helenalin on cellular differentiation in the human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell culture system. Helenalin by itself markedly induced HL-60 cell differentiation in a concentration-dependent manner. Cytofluorometric analysis and cell morphologic studies indicated that helenalin induced cell differentiation predominantly into granulocytes. Protein kinase C (PKC) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitors significantly inhibited HL-60 cell differentiation induced by helenalin, while p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors did not. Moreover, helenalin enhanced PKC activity and protein level of PKC beta I and PKC beta II isoforms, and also increased the level of pERK in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the enhanced levels of cell differentiation closely correlated with the decreased levels of NF-kappa B binding activity by helenalin. These results indicate that PKC, ERK, and NF-kappa B may be involved in HL-60 cell differentiation induced by helenalin.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Kwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Seung H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Tae S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000470:Alkaloids; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007783:Lactones / Q000494:pharmacology; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010617:Phenanthridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045789:Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D000077191:Wortmannin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D000470:Alkaloids; D000730:Androstadienes; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D053119:Benzophenanthridines; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D005419:Flavonoids; D007211:Indoles; D007783:Lactones; D008301:Maleimides; D009025:Morpholines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010617:Phenanthridines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D045789:Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane; D000077191:Wortmannin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C001329:helenalin; C016299:chelerythrine; C070515:bisindolylmaleimide I; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one