title: Round window membrane and labyrinthine pathological changes: an overview.
abstract: The round window membrane is considered the most likely pathway from the middle to the inner ear. Various substances placed in the middle ear have been seen to pass through the round window membrane. Once toxic substances or inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and nitric oxide enter the inner ear, various inner ear sequelae such as labyrinthitis, endolymphatic hydrops, sensorineural hearing loss or more insidious diseases can occur.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Sebahattin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cureoglu
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schachern
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rinaldo
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tsuprun
authors.forename: Alfio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferlito
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Paparella
mesh_terms: D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications; D001489:Basilar Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007762:Labyrinthitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012405:Round Window, Ear / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D009569:Nitric Oxide