title: Lymphoreticular system in fish: erythrocyte-mediated immunomodulation of macrophages contributes to the formation of melanomacrophage centers.
abstract: In fish, melanomacrophage centers (MMC) represent the equivalent of germinal centers of birds and mammals. They consist of aggregates of macrophages filled with fragments of cells, mainly erythrocytes, and various pigments such as hemosiderin, lipofuscin, and melanin. The kidney, the spleen, and the liver contain many MMC either moving freely or encapsulated in the context of the lymphoreticular tissue. Here, we have demonstrated for the first time that MMC exist in the kidney, spleen, and liver of the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson by using traditional stainings and cytoenzymatic methods: periodic acid-shiff, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and peroxidase. Finally, in the view of the already described peripheral interaction between fish erythrocytes (FE) and macrophages (MO), we postulate that these cellular aggregates (rosettes) travel to distant organs, thus contributing to the formation of MMC in the kidney, spleen, and liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy. l.passantino@veterinaria.uniba.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Passantino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cianciotta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jirillo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carrassi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jirillo
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Passantino
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002449:Cell Aggregation / Q000276:immunology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D008543:Melanins / Q000502:physiology*; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D008543:Melanins