title: Improved artery delineation in dual-stack coronary magnetic resonance angiography using parallel imaging at 3 T.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve vessel sharpness and T2 preparation (T2Prep) in dual-stack three-dimensional coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) by shortening the time delays between the magnetization preparation pulses and the imaging stacks using sensitivity encoding (SENSE) at 3 T.
  
  
  METHODS
  By combining dual-stack three-dimensional coronary MRA with the parallel imaging technique SENSE at 3 T, the acquisition duration of each three-dimensional imaging stack was shortened by a factor of 2. The proposed technique was implemented and tested in experiments with a moving phantom and in measurements on six healthy volunteers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time delay between the navigator, T2Prep, and second imaging stack was reduced by 37%, relative to conventional dual-stack angiography without parallel imaging. This enabled the achievement of comparable high-vessel sharpness values for the left and the right coronary arteries relative to values known from conventional single-stack three-dimensional coronary MRA at 3 T.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parallel imaging allows for improved vessel visualization in dual-stack coronary MRA, given shorter temporal delays between navigator, T2Prep, and the actual image acquisitions, and thus considerably facilitates simultaneous acquisition of high-resolution angiograms of the left and right coronary systems.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH and University Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozerke
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boesiger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging