title: [Nutritional assessment in patients with cirrhosis: the use of indirect calorimetry].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Malnutrition is frequent in cirrhotic patients, and its assessment is difficult. Functional assessment through a dynamometer is a simple method and could minimize these drawbacks. Harris-Benedict prediction formulae estimates the resting energy expenditure but has not been validated for this population. One alternative is the use of indirect calorimetry.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess nutritional status in cirrhotic patients and estimates the resting energy expenditure through indirect calorimetry and compares it to Harris-Benedict.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty four adult hepatitis C cirrhotic outpatients were studied, classified by Child-Pugh and model of end-stage liver disease score. The resting energy expenditure was predicted through Harris-Benedict and measured by indirect calorimetry. Nutritional assessment was done through anthropometry, subjective global assessment, hand-grip strength and a 3-day recall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen (44.2%) were Child-Pug A, 12 (35.3%) B and 7 (20.6%) C, and 33 (97.1%) had model of end-stage liver disease scores less than 20. The resting energy expenditure predicted was higher than the measured (Harris-Benedict 1404.5 +/- 150.3 kcal; indirect calorimetry 1059.9 +/- 309.6 kcal). The prevalence of malnutrition varied between methods (body mass index, muscle arm circumference, subjective global assessment, triceps skinfold thickness and hand-grip strength: 0; 5.9; 17.6; 35.3 and 79.4%, accordingly). Calories and proteins intake were 80% and 85% of recommended amounts and there was inadequate intake of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Malnutrition was frequent and hand-grip strength seemed to be the most sensitive method for its diagnosis. Calories and protein intakes were inadequate. Considering that the predicted resting energy expenditure was higher than the measured one and the need to offer higher caloric intake, the use of the predicting equation may replace indirect calorimetry.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós Graduação, Ciências em Gastroenterologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS. cgottschall@hcpa.ufrgs.br
authors.forename: Catarina Bertaso Andreatta
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Gottschall
authors.forename: Mário Reis
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Alvares-da-Silva
authors.forename: Ana Cristina Riehs
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Renata Medeiros
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Burtett
authors.forename: Themis Reverbel
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: da Silveira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index