ND10 components relocate to sites associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 nucleoprotein complexes during virus infection.
Infections with DNA viruses commonly result in the association of viral genomes and replication compartments with cellular nuclear substructures known as promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear bodies or ND10. While there is evidence that viral genomes can associate with preexisting ND10, we demonstrate in this study by live-cell microscopy that structures resembling ND10 form de novo and in association with viral genome complexes during the initial stages of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. Consistent with previous studies, we found that the major ND10 proteins PML, Sp100, and hDaxx are exchanged very rapidly between ND10 foci and the surrounding nucleoplasm in live cells. The dynamic nature of the individual protein molecule components of ND10 provides a mechanism by which ND10 proteins can be recruited to novel sites during virus infection. These observations explain why the genomes and replication compartments of DNA viruses that replicate in the cell nucleus are so commonly found in association with ND10. These findings are discussed with reference to the nature, location, and potential number of HSV-1 prereplication compartments and to the dynamic aspects of HSV-1 genomes and viral products during the early stages of lytic infection.
Everett
Roger D
RD
MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, University of Glasgow, Church St., Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom. r.everett@vir.gla.ac.uk
Murray
Jill
J
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000821:virology; D006224:Cricetinae; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D016679:Genome, Viral; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007668:Kidney; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D021381:Protein Transport; D017384:Sequence Deletion; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D014779:Virus Replication
D004279:DNA, Viral; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000071156:Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C048925:herpes simplex virus, type 1 protein ICP4; C070576:PML protein, human