title: An assessment of injuries in college cheerleading: distribution, frequency, and associated factors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Over 50% of all catastrophic injuries in women's sport occur in cheerleading, but unlike other sports, no central tracking system exists.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To obtain, describe, and compare cheerleading injury data and associated factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cheerleaders from randomly chosen division IA universities completed surveys designed to acquire basic information and data on injury frequency, type, and location, practice frequency and duration, and related factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants (n = 440) were aged 18-23 (mean (SD) 20.2 (1.8)) with 6.6 (2.2) years of experience. Most respondents (78%) reported having suffered one or more career injury. Of those injured, 39.7% reported an injury within the preceding year. Respondents sustained 1.0 (0.91) injuries during the preceding year with 1.8 (2.2) days lost. Ankles (44.9%) and wrist/hand (19.3%) were the most commonly injured. Practice frequency and duration were 205 (61.5) days a year (range 80-300) and 2.8 (0.7) hours (range 1.5-4) respectively. Training included stretching (99.7%), endurance activities (87.1%), and weight training (92.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Guidelines and policy governing cheerleading should be developed according to mandatory injury reporting similar to that currently used in other sports.
authors.affiliation: Oklahoma State University, School of Applied Health and Educational Psychology, 204 Willard Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. Bert.Jacobson@okstate.edu
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Redus
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Palmer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012574:Schools / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology