title: A two-phased population epidemiological study of the safety of thimerosal-containing vaccines: a follow-up analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thimerosal is an ethylmercury-containing preservative in vaccines. Toxicokinetic studies have shown children received doses of mercury from thimerosal-containing vaccines (TCVs) that were in excess of safety guidelines. Previously, an ecological study showing a significant association between TCVs and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs) in the US was published in this journal.
  
  
  METHODS
  A two phased population-based epidemiological study was undertaken. Phase one evaluated reported NDs to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) following thimerosal-containing Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular-Pertussis (DTaP) vaccines in comparison to thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines administered from 1997 through 2001. Phase two evaluated the automated Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) for cumulative exposures to mercury from TCVs at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-months-of-age for infants born from 1992 through 1997 and the eventual risk of developing NDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Phase one showed significantly increased risks for autism, speech disorders, mental retardation, personality disorders, and thinking abnormalities reported to VAERS following thimerosal-containing DTaP vaccines in comparison to thimerosal-free DTaP vaccines. Phase two showed significant associations between cumulative exposures to thimerosal and the following types of NDs: unspecified developmental delay, tics, attention deficit disorder (ADD), language delay, speech delay, and neurodevelopmental delays in general.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that exposure to mercury from TCVs administered in the US was a consistent significant risk factor for the development of NDs. It is clear from these data and other recent publications linking TCVs with NDs that additional ND research should be undertaken in the context of evaluating mercury-associated exposures and thimerosal-free vaccines should be made available.
authors.affiliation: MedCon, Inc., USA.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Geier
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Geier
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000009:adverse effects; D012640:Seizures / Q000453:epidemiology; D013849:Thimerosal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D014612:Vaccines; D013849:Thimerosal; D037342:Pertussis Toxin