title: No detrimental effects of repeated laparotomies on early healing of experimental intestinal anastomoses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the impact of repeated laparotomies on intestinal anastomotic healing. While experimental data are completely lacking, the sparse data available from clinical studies report high anastomotic failure rates, suggesting a negative effect in this respect. Since the unequivocal determination of such an effect may have important consequences for choosing the optimal treatment strategy for patients suffering from intra-abdominal infection, an experimental study has been performed in an established rodent model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intestinal anastomoses were constructed in healthy Wistar rats (ileal and colonic anastomoses) or 24 h after peritonitis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (colonic anastomosis only). Rats were then scheduled to undergo no, one (after 24 h) or two relaparotomies (after 24 and 48 h). Anastomotic strength was assessed 3 and 5 days after anastomotic construction. On the third post-operative day anastomotic hydroxyproline levels, matrix metalloproteinase activity and myeloperoxidase activity were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No negative impact of repeated laparotomies was measured on any of the parameters measured. Under non-infectious conditions even an improvement in breaking strength (+48%, p=0.017) but not bursting pressure was found after two relaparotomies, but only in the ileum on the third post-operative day.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this experimental setting, early anastomotic healing is not adversely affected by repeated laparotomies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I H J T
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: de Hingh
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Goor
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: de Man
authors.forename: R M L M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lomme
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Bleichrodt
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hendriks
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000378:metabolism; D007082:Ileum / Q000601:surgery*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012086:Reoperation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009195:Peroxidase; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D006909:Hydroxyproline