title: Anthropometric criteria for the design of tractor cabs and protection frames.
abstract: Improved human-tractor interface designs, such as well-accommodated operator enclosures (i.e. cabs and protection frames) can enhance operator productivity, comfort and safety. This study investigated farm-worker anthropometry and determined the critical anthropometric measures and 3-D feature envelopes of body landmarks for the design of tractor operator enclosures. One hundred agriculture workers participated in the study. Their body size and shape information was registered, using a 3-D full-body laser scanner. Knee height (sitting) and another eight parameters were found to affect the cab-enclosure accommodation rating and multiple anthropometric dimensions interactively affected the steering wheel and gear-handle impediment. A principal component analysis has identified 15 representative human body models for digitally assessing tractor-cab accommodation. A set of centroid coordinates of 34 body landmarks and the 95% confidence semi-axis-length for each landmark location were developed to guide tractor designers in their placement of tractor control components in order to best accommodate the user population. Finally, the vertical clearance (90 cm) for agriculture tractor enclosure in the current SAE International J2194 standard appeared to be too short as compared to the 99th percentile sitting height of male farm workers in this study (100.6 cm) and in the 1994 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III database (99.9 cm) and of the male civilian population in the 2002 Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometric Resource database (100.4 cm).
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA. hhsiao@cdc.gov
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hsiao
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whitestone
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bradtmiller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whisler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zwiener
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lafferty
authors.forename: T-Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000886:Anthropometry; D004867:Equipment Design; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D008328:Man-Machine Systems; D018986:Motor Vehicles / Q000592:standards*; D016272:Occupational Health; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D014481:United States