title: Regulation and signal transduction of toll-like receptors in human chorioncarcinoma cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed on placental cells. The aim of this study is to analyze signaling components activated in placenta cells after TLR ligand engagement.
  
  
  METHODS
  In chorioncarcimoma cell lines the regulation of TLRs was determined by real time polymerase chain reaction as well as by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Activation of NF-kappaB was determined in a reporter assay system and the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways by immunoblot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and DNA oligonucleotides containing unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG) induced the enhanced expression of TLR2 mRNA as well as a TLR2 surface protein expression. Functionally, incubation of JAR cells with microbial stimuli such as LPS activated NF-kappaB, as well as the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAP kinases and secretion of interleukin-8.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The functional expression of TLRs on placental cells may play an important role in the initiation of an immune response in the developing fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department for Pediatrics, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klaffenbach
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rascher
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Röllinghoff
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dötsch
authors.forename: Udo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schnare
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002822:Choriocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000276:immunology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases