title: Potassium intake and the calcium economy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Dietary potassium intake (K) lowers urinary calcium (Ca) excretion and, in short-term studies, may improve Ca balance.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to assess K effects on the Ca economy under steady-state conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  8-day, inpatient metabolic studies of nitrogen, phosphorus, and Ca balance, combined with dual isotopic Ca tracer kinetics studies. Study diet matched to prestudy nutrient intakes.
  
  
  METHODS
  191 single women studied from 1-5 times at approximately 5-year intervals, for a total of 644 inpatient studies. Median age at time of study: 50.2 yrs; 301 studies were performed postmenopausally without hormone replacement; 343 were either premenopausal or postmenopausal but on estrogen replacement therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dietary K was highly significantly associated with urinary Ca excretion, with a coefficient of -0.0109 mmol urine Ca/mmol diet K. However, dietary K was negatively correlated with dual-tracer Ca absorption (coefficient for Ca absorption fraction: -0.00094/mmol dietary K), and was not associated with urine Ca after adjustment for Ca absorption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While a high K diet (i.e., one rich in fruits, vegetables, and dairy products) has multiple health benefits and clearly lowers urine Ca, it does not seem to exert any appreciable net influence on the Ca economy, largely because the reduced calciuria is offset by reduction of intestinal absorption. We note, however, that since the high K intakes in our studies come more from milk and meat than from fruits and vegetables, we cannot exclude a possible balance effect for different food sources of K.
authors.affiliation: Creighton University, Osteoporosis Research Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, USA. karenrd@creighton.edu
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.forename: K Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Robert P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Heaney
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D002127:Calcium Isotopes; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008593:Menopause / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D002127:Calcium Isotopes; D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen; D002118:Calcium