title: Morphology of the rat peritoneum after carbon dioxide and helium pneumoperitoneum: a scanning electron microscopic study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic surgery for patients with cancer has been debated because of the susceptibility that laparoscopic incisions have shown for metastatic tumor growth. Structural damage of the mesothelial layer attributable to the pneumoperitoneum may facilitate intraabdominal tumor cell adhesion and growth. The influence of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and helium pneumoperitoneum on the morphology of the peritoneum was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 50 rats received colon carcinoma (DHB/TRb) cells intraperitoneally and CO(2) (n = 25) or helium (n = 25) pneumoperitoneum at 15 mmHg for 15 min. After different periods (2, 12, 24, 48, and 96 h), the rats were killed, and the peritoneum was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Control animals (n = 5) were without pneumoperitoneum.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The control animals and most of the rats with pneumoperitoneum showed no peritoneal alterations. In four animals of each group, inflammatory alterations of the peritoneum such as bulging and retraction of mesothelial cells were observed at different time points. Tumor cells adherent to the peritoneum were found in a total of six animals. Peritoneal carcinomatosis, tumor nodules, or infiltration of the peritoneum by tumor cells was not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrated that the morphologic integrity of the rat peritoneum is not disturbed when CO(2) or helium is used for insufflation combined with the intraperitoneal injection of carcinoma cells. Pneumoperitoneum therefore probably is not the condition causing peritoneal changes that favor intraperitoneal tumor growth.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral, Vascular, and Thoracic Surgery, Medical Faculty, Humboldt University Shumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ordemann
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jakob
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Braumann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kilian
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bachmann
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Jacobi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D006371:Helium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000473:pathology; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D011028:Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006371:Helium