title: Tissue-resident macrophages are productively infected ex vivo by primary X4 isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
abstract: Infection of macrophages has been implicated as a critical event in the transmission and persistence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we explore whether primary X4 HIV-1 isolates can productively infect tissue macrophages that have terminally differentiated in vivo. Using immunohistochemistry, HIV-1 RNA in situ hybridization, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that macrophages residing in human tonsil blocks can be productively infected ex vivo by primary X4 HIV-1 isolates. This challenges the model in which macrophage tropism is a key determinant of the selective transmission of R5 HIV-1 strains. Infection of tissue macrophages by X4 HIV-1 may be highly relevant in vivo and contribute to key events in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: Prerana
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Autschbach
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weinstein
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Funke
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Verdin
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Goldsmith
authors.forename: Oliver T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Keppler
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009000:Monocytes / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD