title: The era of ultrasonography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of ultrasound cholangiography during cholecystectomy has been well described. This study was undertaken to assess the use of the umbilical port exclusively for ultrasound and to assess its employment on the use of fluoroscopy resources. In addition, we also looked at the increased use of ultrasound from 2000 to 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  The use of imaging techniques during all cholecystectomies was analyzed from January 2000 to July 2001 for one surgeon and compared with that surgeon's present use from January 2004 to June 2004. Patient demographics, intraoperative finding, and postoperative results were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the first study period, ultrasound was used in 29% of 189 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. During 2004, ultrasound was used in 77% of 66 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Throughout both periods, fluoroscopy was only used during 6 laparoscopic common bile duct explorations (2.4% of all cases). There were no false-positive or -negative ultrasounds, and there were no bile duct injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As experience with ultrasound cholangiography increases, there is little indication for fluoroscopic cholangiography except for rare questions concerning anatomy and during therapeutic maneuvers for common bile duct stones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-5047, USA. Raymond.onders@uhhs.com
authors.forename: Raymond P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Onders
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Hallowell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000639:trends*; D019160:Endosonography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014472:Umbilicus / Q000601:surgery*