title: Gender differences in long-term drug treatment outcomes in Chicago PETS.
abstract: Few long-term follow-up studies of substance abusers have examined gender differences. In the current study, gender differences were examined at 36 months following residential or outpatient drug-free treatment among 951 participants in the Chicago Target Cities Project, the majority of whom were female (62%) and African American (93%). There were no differences in the proportion of men and women who reported any alcohol or drug use at the 36-month follow-up, with an overall reduction of 41% from intake. Greater proportions of men were incarcerated or employed, whereas greater proportions of women had returned to treatment, lived with their children, lived with a substance user, or had interpersonal problems. Women, as a group, had greater increases over time in self-help participation, free time spent with family, non-using family/friends, and employment. Although both men and women showed significant improvements following treatment, gender differences persisted in several areas of psychosocial functioning related to recovery.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA. grella@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Christine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Grella
authors.forename: Christy K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Foss
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007087:Illinois / Q000453:epidemiology; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D012919:Social Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome