title: Combined in vivo bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging for cancer gene therapy.
abstract: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is intimately associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which we have exploited therapeutically by constructing an EBV-specific synthetic enhancer sequence, within an adenoviral vector, denoted as adv.oriP. The achievement of tumor targeting provides therapeutic potential when delivered systemically, which could impact on distant metastases. We demonstrate here the feasibility and potential utility of combined, minimally invasive in vivo bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging to monitor adenoviral infection of subcutaneous C666-1 nasopharyngeal xenograft tumors stably expressing the DsRed2 gene. Fluorescence imaging was used to monitor the location and size of the C6661.DsRed2 tumors, whereas bioluminescence imaging demonstrated the distribution and specificity of a transcriptionally targeted adenoviral vector, adv.oriP.fluc, expressing the firefly luciferase gene. Fluorescence, bioluminescence, and photographic images were aligned using grids to examine colocalization of adenovirus and tumors. Bioluminescence and fluorescence co-localized in 92% (11/12) of tumors at 24 hr and 100% (12/12) at 96 hr after adv.oriP.fluc (10(9) ifu) was administered intravenously. Nonspecific luciferase signal was detected in the liver area. The combined imaging was therefore successful in monitoring the uptake of systemically administered adenovirus in implanted tumors. This may ultimately lead to an effective noninvasive method to monitor the response of metastases to adenoviral gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mocanu
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bastianutto
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: F-F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015870:Gene Expression; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly / Q000235:genetics; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000379:methods*; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D008164:Luminescent Proteins; C413663:fluorescent protein 583; D049409:Luciferases, Firefly