title: Coding and reimbursement for weight loss surgery: best practice recommendations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the use and usefulness of billing codes for services related to weight loss surgery (WLS) and to examine third party reimbursement policies for these services.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Task Group carried out a systematic search of MEDLINE, the Internet, and the trade press for publications on WLS, coding, reimbursement, and coding and reimbursement policy. Twenty-eight articles were each reviewed and graded using a system based on established evidence-based models. The Massachusetts Dietetics Association provided reimbursement data for nutrition services. Three suppliers of laparoscopic WLS equipment provided summaries of coding and reimbursement information. WLS program directors were surveyed for information on use of procedure codes related to WLS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recommendations focused on correcting or improving on the current lack of congruity among coding practices, reimbursement policies, and accepted clinical practice; lack of uniform coding and reimbursement data across institutions; inconsistent and/or inaccurate diagnostic and billing codes; inconsistent insurance reimbursement criteria; and inability to leverage reimbursement and coding data to track outcomes, identify best practices, and perform accurate risk-benefit analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid changes in the prevalence of obesity, our understanding of its clinical impact, and the technologies for surgical treatment have yet to be adequately reflected in coding, coverage, and reimbursement policies. Issues identified as key to effective change include improved characterization of the risks, benefits, and costs of WLS; anticipation and monitoring of technological advances; encouragement of consistent patterns of insurance coverage; and promotion of billing codes for WLS procedures that facilitate accurate tracking of clinical use and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital Weight Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Fourth Floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA. lmkaplan@partners.org
authors.forename: Lee M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Kaplan
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fallon
authors.forename: Edward C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Mun
authors.forename: Alan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: William V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Kastrinakis
authors.forename: Elvira Q
authors.initials: EQ
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Nierman
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Keroack
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D005568:Forms and Records Control / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007349:Insurance, Health, Reimbursement / Q000592:standards; D016239:MEDLINE; D009765:Obesity / Q000601:surgery; D015431:Weight Loss