title: Connexin32 as a tumor suppressor gene in a metastatic renal cell carcinoma cell line.
abstract: Connexin genes expressing gap junction proteins have tumor-suppressive effects on primary cancers with certain cell specificity, but the suppressive effects on metastatic cancers are still conflicting. In this study, we show that connexin32 (Cx32) has a strong tumor-suppressive effect on a human metastatic renal cell carcinoma cell line (Caki-1 cell). Cx32 expression in Caki-1 cells reduced in vitro malignant phenotypes of the cells such as anchorage independency and invasion capacity. Furthermore, the Cx32 expression drastically reduced the development of Caki-1 cells in nude mice. We also determined that Cx32 reduced the malignant phenotypes in Caki-1 cells mainly through the inactivation of Src signaling. Especially, Cx32-dependent inactivation of Src decreased the production of vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF) via the suppression of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (Stat3) activation, and we confirmed this result using short interfering RNA. In nude mice, Cx32-transfected Caki-1 cells showed lower serum level of VEGF comparing mock transfectant, and the development of the cells in nude mice positively related to the VEGF level. These data suggest that Cx32 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in Caki-1 cells and that the tumor-suppressive effect partly depends on the inhibition of Src-Stat3-VEGF signal pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science Research for Health, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, 162-8636 Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eriko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Sumiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Kiyokazu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagiwara
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017630:Connexins / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000097002:Gap Junction beta-1 Protein
chemical_list: D017630:Connexins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D000097002:Gap Junction beta-1 Protein; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; C494087:Stat3 protein, mouse