title: Casodex treatment induces hypoxia-related gene expression in the LNCaP prostate cancer progression model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The changes in gene expression profile as prostate cancer progresses from an androgen-dependent disease to an androgen-independent disease are still largely unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the gene expression profile in the LNCaP prostate cancer progression model during chronic treatment with Casodex using cDNA microarrays consisting of 2305 randomly chosen genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our studies revealed a representative collection of genes whose expression was differentially regulated in LNCaP cells upon treatment with Casodex. A set of 15 genes were shown to be highly expressed in Casodex-treated LNCaP cells compared to the reference sample. This set of highly expressed genes represents a signature collection unique to prostate cancer since their expression was significantly greater than that of the collective pool of ten cancer cell lines of the reference sample. The highly expressed signature collection included the hypoxia-related genes membrane metallo-endopeptidase (MME), cyclin G2, and Bcl2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa (BNIP3). Given the roles of these genes in angiogenesis, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis, we further analyzed their expression and concluded that these genes may be involved in the molecular changes that lead to androgen-independence in prostate cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that one of the mechanisms of Casodex action in prostate cancer cells is induction of hypoxic gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. rothermund.christy@epa.gov
authors.forename: Christy A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rothermund
authors.forename: Velliyur K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Gopalakrishnan
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Eudy
authors.forename: Jamboor K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Vishwanatha
mesh_terms: D000813:Anilides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018450:Disease Progression; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics*; D014105:Tosyl Compounds
chemical_list: D000813:Anilides; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009570:Nitriles; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; C053541:bicalutamide