title: Vegetation composition of roadside verges in Scotland: the effects of nitrogen deposition, disturbance and management.
abstract: Vehicular emissions of NO(x) and NH(3) result in elevated concentrations of nitrogen at roadside verges. To determine the extent that vehicular nitrogen emissions, disturbance and management affect the vegetation composition of road verges, a survey of 92 verges in Scotland was carried out with sites stratified by background nitrogen deposition and road type. NO(x) and NH(3) concentrations were monitored at 15 key sites for a year, and showed a decreasing gradient with increasing distance from the road. Ellenberg fertility indices of the vegetation communities also showed a general decrease with increasing distance from the road, but there was no straightforward correlation with NO(x) and NH(3) air concentrations between sites. Cover of bare ground, ruderal species and salt-tolerant species were highest at the verge edge. The proximity of the verge to traffic is important both in terms of NO(x) and NH(3) gradients, but also for deposited salt, grit and physical disturbance.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Hill of Brathens, Banchory, Aberdeenshire, AB31 4BW, UK. amtru@ceh.ac.uk
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Truscott
authors.forename: S C F
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: McGowan
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Cape
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smart
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects; D000641:Ammonia / Q000009:adverse effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D006801:Humans; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000633:toxicity*; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000009:adverse effects; D010944:Plants; D012606:Scotland; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D000641:Ammonia; D009609:Nitrous Oxide; D009584:Nitrogen