title: Relationship between type traits and longevity in Canadian Jerseys and Ayrshires using a Weibull proportional hazards model.
abstract: The aim of this study was to use a Weibull proportional hazards model to explore the impact of type traits on the functional survival of Canadian Jersey and Ayrshire cows. The data set consisted of 49,791 registered Jersey cows from 900 herds calving from 1985 to 2003. The corresponding figures for Ayrshire were 77,109 cows and 921 herds. Functional survival was defined as the number of days from first calving to culling, death, or censoring. Type information consisted of phenotypic type scores for 8 composite traits and 19 linear descriptive traits. The statistical model included the effects of stage of lactation; season of production; annual change in herd size; type of milk recording supervision; age at first calving; effects of milk, fat, and protein yields calculated as within herd-year-parity deviations; herd-year-season of calving; each type trait; and the animal's sire. Analysis was done one trait at a time for each of 27 type traits in each breed. The relative culling risk was calculated for animals in each class after accounting for the previously mentioned effects. Among the composite type traits with the greatest contribution to the likelihood function was final score followed by mammary system for Jersey breed, while in Ayrshire breed feet and legs was the second most important trait next to final score. Cows classified as Poor for final score in both breeds were >5 times more likely to be culled compared with the cows classified as Good Plus. In both breeds, cows classified as Poor for feet and legs were 5 times more likely to be culled than were cows classified as Excellent, and cows classified as Excellent for mammary system were >9 times more likely to survive than were cows classified as Poor.
authors.affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 4T2. sewalem@cdn.ca
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sewalem
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kistemaker
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Van Doormaal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001824:Body Constitution / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D005121:Extremities / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D015233:Models, Statistical; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012098:Reproduction / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D012621:Seasons; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors