title: Immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides induce dolphin neutrophil NADPH-oxidase activation in a CpG-independent but phosphorothioate backbone-dependent manner.
abstract: Immunocytes, which include antigen-presenting cells, B cells, natural killer cells and neutrophils, can be stimulated directly or indirectly with bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with different structures and sequences. In the present study, we investigated the effect of synthetic ODNs on the respiratory burst of dolphin neutrophils using a chemiluminescence assay. Phosphorothioate (PS)-ODNs dose-dependently induced the respiratory burst, while phosphodiester (PO)-ODNs did not, regardless of CpG-content. The PS-ODN-induced activity was completely abolished by the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, which indicates that the NADPH-oxidase is activated by PS-ODNs. These results reveal that PS-ODNs induce dolphin neutrophil NADPH-oxidase activation in a CpG motif-independent but phosphorothioate-dependent manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan. takuya@brs.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Itou
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: L Vincent
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004289:Dolphins / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D019255:NADPH Oxidases