title: Basal and stimulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders and healthy controls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate alterations of pituitary-adrenal activity under both stimulated and unstimulated conditions in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty subjects who fulfilled the Rome Diagnostic Criteria for either irritable bowel syndrome or nonulcer dyspepsia and 24 healthy controls took part in the study. Free salivary morning cortisol and diurnal cortisol profiles were obtained for all subjects. On a second day, a low-dose dexamethasone suppression test was applied. Additionally, in all subjects a corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) challenge test was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results show attenuated unstimulated cortisol levels in patients compared with controls. After CRH challenge, blunted adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol responses were observed. These findings suggest lower pituitary and adrenocortical activity in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed pituitary-adrenal reactivity in these patients is discussed as a possible consequence of lower adrenocortical activity, possibly resulting in a disinhibition of CRH in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Trier, Germany.
authors.forename: Andreas H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Böhmelt
authors.forename: Urs M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Nater
authors.forename: Saskia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franke
authors.forename: Dirk H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hellhammer
authors.forename: Ulrike
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ehlert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood*; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D003907:Dexamethasone; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone