title: Temporal and dose-dependent hepatic gene expression patterns in mice provide new insights into TCDD-Mediated hepatotoxicity.
abstract: In an effort to further characterize the mechanisms of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-mediated toxicity, comprehensive temporal and dose-response microarray analyses were performed on hepatic tissue from immature ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice treated with TCDD. For temporal analysis, mice were gavaged with 30 microg/kg of TCDD or vehicle and sacrificed after 2, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 72, or 168 h. Dose-response mice were gavaged with 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100, or 300 microg/kg of TCDD and sacrificed after 24 h. Hepatic gene expression profiles were monitored using custom cDNA microarrays containing 13,362 cDNA clones. Gene expression analysis identified 443 and 315 features which exhibited a significant change at one or more doses or time points, respectively, as determined using an empirical Bayes approach. Functional gene annotation extracted from public databases associated gene expression changes with physiological processes such as oxidative stress and metabolism, differentiation, apoptosis, gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid uptake and metabolism. Complementary histopathology (H&E and Oil Red O stains), clinical chemistry (i.e., alanine aminotransferase [ALT], triglyceride [TG], free fatty acids [FFA], cholesterol) and high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry assessment of hepatic TCDD levels were also performed in order to phenotypically anchor changes in gene expression to physiological end points. Collectively, the data support a proposed mechanism for TCDD-mediated hepatotoxicity, including fatty liver, which involves mobilization of peripheral fat and inappropriate increases in hepatic uptake of fatty acids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing Michigan 48824-1319, USA.
authors.forename: Darrell R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Boverhof
authors.forename: Lyle D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Burgoon
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tashiro
authors.forename: Brock
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chittim
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Harkema
authors.forename: Donald B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Jump
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Zacharewski
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D014280:Triglycerides; D012313:RNA; D002784:Cholesterol; D000410:Alanine Transaminase