In vivo characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaque by use of optical coherence tomography.
BACKGROUND
The current understanding of the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease is based largely on postmortem studies. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution ( approximately 10 microm), catheter-based imaging modality capable of investigating detailed coronary plaque morphology in vivo.


RESULTS
Patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were enrolled and categorized according to their clinical presentation: recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute coronary syndromes (ACS) constituting non-ST-segment elevation AMI and unstable angina, or stable angina pectoris (SAP). OCT imaging was performed with a 3.2F catheter. Two observers independently analyzed the images using the previously validated criteria for plaque characterization. Of 69 patients enrolled, 57 patients (20 with AMI, 20 with ACS, and 17 with SAP) had analyzable images. In the AMI, ACS, and SAP groups, lipid-rich plaque (defined by lipid occupying > or =2 quadrants of the cross-sectional area) was observed in 90%, 75%, and 59%, respectively (P=0.09). The median value of the minimum thickness of the fibrous cap was 47.0, 53.8, and 102.6 microm, respectively (P=0.034). The frequency of thin-cap fibroatheroma (defined by lipid-rich plaque with cap thickness < or =65 microm) was 72% in the AMI group, 50% in the ACS group, and 20% in the SAP group (P=0.012). No procedure-related complications occurred.


CONCLUSIONS
OCT is a safe and effective modality for characterizing coronary atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. Thin-cap fibroatheroma was more frequently observed in patients with AMI or ACS than SAP. This is the first study to compare detailed in vivo plaque morphology in patients with different clinical presentations.
Jang
Ik-Kyung
IK
Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 02114, USA. ijang@partners.org
Tearney
Guillermo J
GJ
MacNeill
Briain
B
Takano
Masamichi
M
Moselewski
Fabian
F
Iftima
Nicusor
N
Shishkov
Milen
M
Houser
Stuart
S
Aretz
H Thomas
HT
Halpern
Elkan F
EF
Bouma
Brett E
BE
D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D003327:Coronary Disease; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008055:Lipids; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction; D015588:Observer Variation; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence
D008055:Lipids