title: Mucosal vaccination against diphtheria using starch microparticles as adjuvant for cross-reacting material (CRM197) of diphtheria toxin.
abstract: Mucosal vaccination has the advantage of eliciting a local mucosal immune response as well as a systemic response. In this investigation, polyacryl starch microparticles were conjugated to diphtheria toxin cross-reacting material (CRM197) as a mucosal adjuvant for oral or intranasal immunisation of mice. Various methods of stabilising CRM197 with formaldehyde were investigated. A good systemic and local mucosal immune response was attained with oral immunisation when CRM197 was treated with a relatively low formaldehyde concentration prior to conjugation to the microparticles. No immune response was seen after intranasal immunisation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutics, University of Uppsala, P.O. Box 580, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Niclas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rydell
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sjöholm
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D004165:Diphtheria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D013213:Starch / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C028581:CRM197 (non-toxic variant of diphtheria toxin); D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D013213:Starch