title: Augmented prefrontal acetylcholine release during challenged attentional performance.
abstract: Previous research has demonstrated that attentional performance depends on the integrity of the cortical cholinergic input system and that such performance is associated with increases in cortical acetylcholine (ACh) release. The present experiment tested the hypothesis that the attentional impairments produced by bilateral basal forebrain infusions of the NMDA receptor antagonist DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) are associated with attenuation of performance-associated increases in ACh release. Rats were trained in a sustained attention task and equipped with three guide cannula for the bilateral infusion of the NMDA receptor antagonist APV (0, 3, 20 nmol) and for the insertion of a dialysis probe into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). APV or vehicle was infused remotely following completion of the first of five blocks of trials. During the first block, attentional performance was associated with a 140% increase in ACh efflux. Infusions of APV decreased the animals' ability to detect signals and augmented the increases in ACh efflux observed prior to infusions. These data indicate a dissociation between levels of attentional performance and increases in mPFC ACh release. Augmentation of performance-associated increases in mPFC cholinergic transmission is hypothesized to mediate the increased demands on attentional 'effort' that are required to maintain performance under challenging conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA.
authors.forename: Rouba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kozak
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sarter
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014633:Valine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; C056639:2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid; D014633:Valine; D000109:Acetylcholine