title: Effect of different operative techniques for myocardial revascularisation on hemodynamics and myocardial perfusion in a porcine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During surgical coronary revascularisation hemodynamics and myocardial contractility can be affected. This in vivo study aimed to determine the effects of different operative techniques on hemodynamics and regional myocardial perfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 24 pigs IMA to LAD bypass was constructed using ECC (n = 8) and cardioplegic arrest, OPCAB techniques (n = 8), or the Impella elect 100 support device (n = 8). 8 animals received a sham operation. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and left ventricular pressure (LVP, LVdp/dt) were recorded. Regional myocardial perfusion (RMP) of both ventricles was assessed by fluorescent microspheres.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MAP significantly decreased during revascularisation in all groups ( p < 0.05), staying below preoperative values thereafter ( p < 0.05). After ECC norepinephrine was administered to maintain MAP. CO and LVdp/dt were impaired more distinctly during OPCAB than with Impella ( p < 0.05) during subsequent recovery. RMP showed global reactive hyperemia during early reperfusion after ECC, remained unchanged in OPCAB, and showed low flow during and after Impella pump run ( p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ECC led to hemodynamic impairment with post-ischemic reactive hyperemia. OPCAB created hemodynamic depression but left RMP unchanged. Hemodynamic depression can be reduced by the Impella pump, however regional myocardial blood flow is decreased.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie, Universitätsklinik Mainz, Mainz, Germany. bier.bach@gmx.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bierbach
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kasper-König
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haist
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pritzer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hanenkamp
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horstick
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kempski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oelert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; D005260:Female; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D007387:Internal Mammary-Coronary Artery Anastomosis; D008297:Male; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine