[Drug therapy and pharmacogenomics--hopes and facts].
Recent achievements in molecular genetics, in particular the characterization of a large number of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (ns-SNPs) have led to a substantial accumulation of knowledge about the mechanisms of interindividual variability in drug response. The concept of elucidating drug reactions by genetic analysis is termed "pharmacogenomics". Pharmacogenomics is set to provide a relevant contribution to our understanding of adverse drug reactions and non-responsiveness to drug therapy and may help realize the vision of providing individualized therapies. The greatest challenges for the field of pharmacogenomics relate to the issues of genotype-phenotype- and genotype-environment- interactions, optimal selection of study designs, predictivity and ethical aspects. Although its current impact on the routine of medicine is minimal, it is likely that pharmacogenomics will provide important contributions to the practice of drug therapy. Pharmacogenetic concepts may prove important for approximately 20% of therapeutic drugs.
Müller-Zellenberg
Ulrike
U
Universitätsklinik für Klinische Pharmakologie, Medizinische Universität Wien, Wien, Osterreich.
Müller
Markus
M
D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004358:Drug Therapy; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005091:Exons; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007438:Introns; D009154:Mutation; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations