title: Prevalence and consequences of insomnia in New Zealand: disparities between Maori and non-Maori.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prevalence of self-reported insomnia symptoms among Maori (Indigenous people) and non-Maori adults in the general population of New Zealand. To explore the consequences for health and quality of life experienced by those who report common insomnia complaints and sleeping problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2001, a two-page questionnaire was mailed to a stratified random sample of 4,000 adults aged 20-59 years nationwide. Participants were selected from the New Zealand electoral roll. The sample design aimed for equal numbers of Maori and non-Maori participants, men and women, and participants in each decade of age (72.5% response rate).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Population prevalence estimates indicate that self-reported insomnia symptoms and sleeping problems are higher among Maori than non-Maori. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that self-reported insomnia symptoms and/or sleeping problems are significantly associated with reporting poor or fair health and quality of life outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Approximately one-quarter of adults in New Zealand may suffer from a chronic sleep problem, highlighting insomnia as a major public health issue in New Zealand.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences in the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and current sleeping problems with respect to ethnicity have implications in the purchase and development of treatment services, with greater need for these services among Maori than non-Maori.
authors.affiliation: Sleep/Wake Research Centre, Research School of Public Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. s.j.paine@massey.ac.nz
authors.forename: Sarah-Jane
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Paine
authors.forename: Philippa H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gander
authors.forename: Ricci B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Papaarangi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reid
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000208:ethnology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*