title: Differential uptake of ferumoxtran-10 and ferumoxytol, ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agents in rabbit: critical determinants of atherosclerotic plaque labeling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare atherosclerotic plaque uptake of a first (ferumoxtran-10) and second generation (ferumoxytol) ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) contrast agent with different pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties.
  
  
  METHODS
  New Zealand White rabbits maintained on a high cholesterol/fat diet were subjected to balloon injury to the abdominal aorta. Ferumoxtran-10 or ferumoxytol (500 micromol/kg) was administered at 2, 4, and 8 weeks following injury. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed immediately prior to, immediately after, and 6 days post-contrast administration. Ex vivo MRI, histologic, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) iron analyses were performed on the excised vessels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The blood pool clearance of ferumoxytol (t(1/2) < or = 6 hours) was more rapid than that of ferumoxtran-10 (t(1/2) < or = 48 hours). Decreased in vivo MRI signal intensity in the abdominal aorta was observed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks following injury with ferumoxtran-10, but not with ferumoxytol. Consistent with these observations, ex vivo MRI signal intensity was decreased in the ferumoxtran-10 vessels, and to a lesser degree in the ferumoxytol vs. control vessels (- contrast agent). In contrast, in vitro macrophage phagocytosis of USPIO was four to six fold greater with ferumoxytol than with ferumoxtran-10. Additionally, the absolute iron content correlated with ex vivo MRI signal intensity in all vessels (r = -0.86, P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the exposure period of atherosclerotic plaque to USPIO rather than the kinetics of the USPIO uptake by plaque alone is a critical criterion for experimental design of in vivo studies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory Animal Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, USA.
authors.forename: April D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Yancy
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Olzinski
authors.forename: Tom C-C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lenhard
authors.forename: Karpagam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aravindhan
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gruver
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Willette
authors.forename: Beat M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Jucker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D003911:Dextrans; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D007501:Iron / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D008297:Male; D010087:Oxides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; D007501:Iron; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide