Chain-growth polycondensation for well-defined condensation polymers and polymer architecture.
The historical development of our research on polycondensation that proceeds in a chain-growth polymerization manner ("chain-growth polycondensation") for well-defined condensation polymers is described. We first studied polycondensation in which change of the substituent effect induced by bond formation drove the reactivity of the polymer end group higher than that of the monomer. In this approach, well-defined aromatic polyamides, polyesters, polyethers, and poly(ether sulfone)s were obtained. The second approach was the study of the phase-transfer polymerization of a solid monomer dispersed in an organic solvent. In this type of polymerization, the solid monomer was physically unable to react with another monomer and was carried with the phase transfer catalyst into the solution phase where it reacted with an initiator and the polymer end group in the solvent in a chain polymerization manner. We also found catalyst-transfer polycondensation as a third approach to chain-growth polycondensation. In the Ni-catalyzed polycondensation of 2-bromo-5-chloromagnesiothiophenes, the Ni catalyst transferred to the polymer end group, and a coupling reaction occurred there to yield a well-defined polythiophene. This chain-growth polycondensation was applied to the synthesis of condensation polymer architectures such as block copolymers, star polymers, graft copolymers, and so on.
Yokozawa
Tsutomu
T
Department of Applied Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan. yokozt01@kanagawa-u.ac.jp
Yokoyama
Akihiro
A
D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011108:Polymers / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
D011108:Polymers