title: Advanced heart failure: a practical management algorithm and therapeutic options.
abstract: Despite medical and surgical advances in the management of heart failure, 3%-10% of patients clinically reside in the severe stages of this condition. The management of advanced, end-stage heart failure is one of the major challenges of medicine today. An algorithm applicable to the management of severe heart failure is presented and discussed, with an emphasis on medical treatment and therapeutic options.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Davis Heart-Lung Institute, The Ohio State University, 473 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. leier-1@medctr.osu.edu
authors.forename: Carl V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Leier
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000465:Algorithms; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004232:Diuretics