title: Root canal treatment in a mandibular second premolar with three root canals.
abstract: According to the endodontic literature, the possibility of three canals in mandibular second premolars is quite small. When three or more canals are present separation of the root canals has only been described at mid-root level. The present case describes root canal treatment of a root canal aberration at the level of the apical third (apical root canal separation starting at a length of 20 mm) where a combined use of the fiberoptic endoscope and the operating microscope was necessary to locate the canal orifices and to enter these orifices. The present report emphasizes the need of color contrast to enhance visualization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontology, Dental School, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium. roeland.demoor@UGent.be
authors.forename: Roeland J G
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: De Moor
authors.forename: Filip L G
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Calberson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000628:therapy; D019723:Endoscopes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008853:Microscopy / Q000295:instrumentation; D011859:Radiography; D012389:Root Canal Obturation; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000379:methods*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000033:anatomy & histology*