title: Factors associated with virological response in HIV-infected patients failing antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the antiviral response to optimized therapy following genotypic resistance testing and to identify factors associated with virological response in HIV-1-infected patients failing antiretroviral therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort study was conducted in 344 HIV-1-infected patients who underwent genotypic resistance testing because of virological failure. Virological response was defined as a plasma HIV RNA level below 200 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL or a drop of plasma viral load from baseline of more than 1 log10. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with virological response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median age of the patients was 40 years, with a male to female ratio of 4:1. Fifty-one per cent of patients had received the three major classes of antiretrovirals and the median duration of previous antiretroviral therapy was 4.6 years. At baseline, the median plasma HIV RNA level was 4.4 log10 copies/mL and the median CD4 cell count was 274 cells/microL. At 3 months, 55% of patients (188 of 344) had a virological response, which was sustained at 6 months (53%). Predictors of virological response were exposure to two or fewer protease inhibitors [odds ratio (OR) 1.8; P=0.046], and use in optimized therapy of a new class of antiretrovirals (OR 2.9; P=0.006), of more than two new drugs (OR 3.0; P<0.0001), of abacavir (OR 1.9; P=0.03), or of lopinavir/ritonavir (OR 3.7; P=0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high proportion of patients achieved a short-term virological response in this cohort study. Patients with the least experience of protease inhibitor treatment and in whom a new class of antiretroviral, more than two new drugs, abacavir or lopinavir/ritonavir was used in optimized therapy had the best virological outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique, Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France. sandra.fournier@sls.ap-hop.paris.fr
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaffaut
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maillard
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Loze
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lascoux
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gérard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Timsit
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oksenhendler
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sereni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chevret
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Molina
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D024921:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D061466:Lopinavir; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017211:Treatment Failure; D000099227:Abacavir
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015224:Dideoxynucleosides; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D061466:Lopinavir; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D012367:RNA, Viral; D019438:Ritonavir; D000099227:Abacavir