title: Assessment of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex in preterm infants with delayed meconium passage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an inverse relationship between gestational age, birth weight and the time of first neonatal bowel movement. The authors hypothesized that delayed passage of meconium might result from a delayed maturation of the recto-anal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) in premature infants.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the RAIR is absent in very preterm infants 28-32 weeks postmenstrual age with delayed meconium production.
  
  
  METHODS
  Anorectal manometry was performed in 10 preterm infants (seven male) with delayed meconium production (no meconium in the first 48 hours). Median postmenstrual age was 30 weeks (28-31 weeks). Birth weight ranged from 780 to 1930 g (median, 1395 g). A micromanometric assembly (outer diameter, 2.0 mm) was used which incorporated a 1.5-cm-long sleeve sensor for measurement of resting anal sphincter pressure and relaxation. Four side-holes recorded anal and rectal pressures. Rectal distension was performed with direct air insufflation to elicit the RAIR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time from birth to passage of meconium ranged from 48 to 105 hours (median, 82 hours). The mean anal sphincter pressure, rectal pressure, and anal sphincter oscillation frequency were 22.0 +/- 5.0 mm Hg, 6.9 +/- 2.0 mm Hg, and 9.8 +/- 1.9/min, respectively. A normal RAIR was elicited in all infants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anorectal manometry recordings in premature infants with delayed passage of meconium showed normal anorectal pressures and a normal RAIR, suggesting that delayed meconium passage is not related to the absence of a RAIR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. f.delorijn@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: de Lorijn
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Voskuijl
authors.forename: T I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Omari
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: J A J M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Taminiau
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benninga
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008470:Meconium; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D012007:Rectum / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*