title: Treatment of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation-does resection in the early postnatal period increase surgical risk?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The recent development of fetal ultrasonography has allowed for an increasing number of prenatal diagnoses for congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM). However, the appropriate surgical timing of these patients has not been studied as of yet. The aim of this study is to suggest a safe strategy for the treatment of CCAM by identifying the relationship between the timing of surgery and postoperative outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1987 and 2003, 40 patients (28 males, 12 females) underwent surgical resection for CCAM. The mean age was 38.6+/-9.1 (2 days-13 years) months. CCAM was diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography in eight patients. Early operations were performed in four out of the eight. Operation was deferred until 2-12 months of age for the remaining four patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Type I CCAM was found in 20 patients, type II in 20 and no patient exhibited type III. Five patients had associated pectus excavatum anomaly. There were no cases of operative mortality. Seventeen minor postoperative complications developed in 16 patients (40.0%): prolonged chest tube drain in 10, wound infection in 4, and 1 case of pneumonia, empyema and pleural space, respectively. The average hospital stay was 11.8 (6-29) days. During the mean follow-up period of 67.5 months, one patient died of accidental aspiration 7 months after operation during the postoperative recovery course of Ravich operation for pectus excavatum. The remaining patients reported doing well with normal physical activity. All five patients who underwent surgery at the age of under 1 month did not exhibit increased postoperative morbidity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that surgery for CCAM could be safely performed in all age groups with satisfactory long-term outcomes. It is suggested that early elective surgical correction can be recommended for a patient whose diagnosis was made in utero.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-744, South Korea. ytkim@snu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Young Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jun Sung
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: June Dong
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Chang Hyun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sook Whan
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Joo Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015615:Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal