title: Respiratory illness during winter: a cohort study of urban children from temperate Australia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the epidemiology and burden of respiratory illness during winter in urban children from temperate Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cohort study of healthy Melbourne children, aged from 12 to 71 months. Parents kept a daily respiratory symptom diary and recorded resource use when an influenza-like illness (ILI) occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-hundred and eighteen children had 137 ILI episodes over 12 weeks for a rate of 0.53 ILI episodes per child-month (95% CI 0.44-0.61). Risk factors for ILI included younger age, fewer people residing in the household, structured exposure to other children outside the home, and a higher household income. Episodes had a mean duration of 10.4 days with 64 visits to a general practitioner (46.7 GP visits per 100 episodes), 27 antibiotic courses prescribed (19.7 antibiotic courses per 100 episodes), and three overnight hospitalizations (2.2 admissions per 100 episodes). Parents reported an average of 11.7 h excess time spent caring for a child per episode.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Respiratory illnesses are a common and largely neglected cause of illness in Australian children. Pathogen-specific data are required to better assess the likely impact of available and developing vaccines and other treatment options.
authors.affiliation: Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Australia. s.lambert@unimelb.edu.au <s.lambert@unimelb.edu.au>
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: O'Grady
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Nolan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012621:Seasons; D014505:Urban Population; D014739:Victoria / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents