title: Airborne occupational exposure, ABO phenotype, and risk of obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have previously found a quite strong interplay between occupational airborne pollutants, ABO phenotypes, and risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), with long-term exposure being associated with a significantly increased risk among men with phenotype O, and not among men with other ABO phenotypes. We suggested that the biological pathway could be a stronger systemic inflammatory response in men with blood group O. Several inflammatory mediators likely to increase the risk of IHD have recently been linked also to obesity, suggesting that long-term exposure to airborne pollutants might play a role in the aetiology of obesity. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that long-term occupational exposure to airborne pollutants would be more strongly associated with obesity in men with phenotype O than in men with other ABO phenotypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional exposure-response study taking into account potential confounders.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Copenhagen Male Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 3290 men aged 53-74 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prevalence of obesity (BMI > or =30 (kg/m2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, no differences were found in the prevalence of obesity between men with the O phenotype (n=1399) and men with other phenotypes (n=1891), 8.6 and 9.0%. However, only among men with the O phenotype was long-term occupational exposure (at least 5 y of frequent exposure) to various respirable airborne pollutants: dust, asbestos, soldering fumes, welding fumes, organic solvents, fumes from lacquer, paint or varnish, toxic components, breath irritants, stench or strongly smelling products, and irritants (other than breath irritants or contagious components) associated with an increased prevalence of obesity. Statistically, the strongest univariate associations were found for asbestos exposure, welding fumes, and breath irritants. Odds ratios (95% confidence limits) for these factors were 3.7 (1.8-7.6), 2.7 (1.6-4.4), and 2.6 (1.5-4.4), respectively. This particular relationship of airborne exposures with obesity in men with phenotype O was supported in multivariate analysis including interaction terms and taking into account a number of potential confounders. In contrast, no gene-environment interactions with obesity were found with respect to ABO phenotypes and a number of nonrespirable exposures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of a quite strong interplay between long-term exposure to airborne pollutants, ABO phenotypes, and risk of obesity may open up new possibilities for clarifying mechanisms underlying the global obesity epidemic.
authors.affiliation: The Copenhagen Male Study, Epidemiological Research Unit, Clinic of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, NV, Denmark. PS11@bbh.hosp.dk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suadicani
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gyntelberg
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000368:Aged; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000633:toxicity*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D018836:Inflammation Mediators