title: Universal power-law decay of the impulse energy in granular protectors.
abstract: Protecting a big impulse from outside is one of the important issues of our everyday life. A granular medium is often used as a protecting material. The impulse inside a granular medium is a solitary wave which may be confined temporarily to a particular region of the medium, which we call the granular container that plays the role of the protector. We find a universal power-law behavior in time for the leakage of the impulse energy confined inside various granular containers.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea.
authors.forename: Jongbae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong