title: Functional characterization of SDF-1 proximal promoter.
abstract: Stromal-cell derived factor 1 (SDF1) is a CXC chemokine that binds and signals through the CXCR4 receptor, playing an essential role in embryonic B lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis and organogenesis. The CXCR4/SDF1 pathway is associated with several pathologies. CXCR4 serves as a fusion cofactor for lymphotropic strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and SDF1 inhibits viral entry. Moreover, recent works suggest an important role for SDF1 in metastasis progression and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. To understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate SDF1 expression, we have cloned and functionally analysed its 5' flanking regulatory region. An SDF1-promoter luciferase construct showed high levels of reporter gene activity in transient transfection experiments. DNase I footprinting analysis revealed that the proximal promoter was occupied by six putative Sp1-binding motifs. Binding of Sp1 to the promoter was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and its importance in SDF1 gene expression verified by in vitro mutagenesis. Particularly, mutation of an Sp1 motif located between -57 and -39 upstream of the main transcription start-site resulted in a marked reduction in promoter activity. It has been shown that the SDF1 expression could be induced by mitogenic stimuli, X-ray radiation or treatment with IL1beta, depending on cell environment. We have analysed the effect of these stimuli on SDF1 promoter transactivation in three different cell lines. Phorbol myristated acetate plus ionomycin increased promoter activity in U373 and LC5 but repressed it in MS5 cells. On the contrary, gamma irradiation promoted SDF1 transcription in MS5 cells but not in the other cell lines. Interferon-gamma acted as a transcriptional repressor in U373 and LC5 but not in MS5 cells. Finally, IL1beta functions as mild activator only in U373 cells. The present study demonstrates that these stimuli mediate SDF1 production through promoter activation in a cell-specific manner.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Inmunogenética, Area de Genética, Dpto. Biología Experimental, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje Las Lagunillas SN, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
authors.forename: Carelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: García-Moruja
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Alonso-Lobo
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rueda
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bermejo
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Luque
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arenzana-Seisdedos
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alcamí
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caruz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002460:Cell Line; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D005720:Gamma Rays; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D015759:Ionomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007476:Ionophores; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015759:Ionomycin; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate