title: A procedure for rapid issue of red cells for emergency use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A College of American Pathologists Q-Probe revealed that the median turnaround times for emergency requests for red blood cells from the operating room were 30 minutes to release of cells from the blood bank and 34 minutes to delivery to the operating room. These times may not be adequate to permit the red cells to provide sufficiently rapid delivery of oxygen in massively bleeding patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To improve the time from emergency request for red cells to delivery to the operating room.
  
  
  METHODS
  A new emergency issue program was implemented for only the operating rooms; emergency issue to all other hospital locations remained unchanged. Six units of group O Rh-negative red blood cells (RBCs) are maintained in the blood bank in a separate basket with transfusion forms containing the unit numbers and expiration dates and a bag with one blood tubing segment from each unit. The times to issue and to delivery to the operating room suite were compared with time to issue of 2 group O Rh-negative RBCs for other hospital locations using the older system during the same time period and with the time to issue of 2 units to all other hospital locations during the preceding 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time between emergency request for red cells and delivery to the operating room.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The time between blood bank notification and arrival in the operating room of the 6 units of RBCs was significantly shorter than the time required to just issue (not including delivery time) 2 units of RBCs to other hospital locations. With the new procedure, 82% of units issued reached the operating room within 2 minutes of request, 91% arrived within 3 minutes, and 100% arrived within 4 minutes. These percentages are significantly higher than those for only issue of blood (without delivery) using the older issuing procedure for all hospital locations during the previous 2 years (37%, 49%, and 66%, respectively; P = .007, .009, and .02, respectively) and for other locations during the same 7-month period (29%, 46%, and 73%, respectively; P = .004, .01, and .09, respectively). Time (mean [95% confidence interval]) from blood bank notification to delivery of RBCs to the operating room suite (2.1 [1.6-2.6] minutes, of which approximately 50-60 seconds is attributable to delivery time) was less than issue times (not including delivery times) using the older issuing procedure for other hospital locations during the same period (4.1 [3.1-5.0] minutes; P = .007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An emergency issue procedure can be used to issue several units of RBCs within 1 minute and have them delivered to the operating room within 2 minutes while maintaining sufficient controls and providing required information to satisfy patient and blood bank requirements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0648, USA. weiskopf@anesthesia.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Weiskopf
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Deena
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stangle
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klinbergs
authors.forename: Pearl
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toy
mesh_terms: D001771:Blood Banks / Q000458:organization & administration*; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D002497:Centralized Hospital Services; D004630:Emergencies; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D006750:Hospital Distribution Systems; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D015274:Interdepartmental Relations; D009873:Operating Rooms / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States