title: Isolation, characterization, and determination of antioxidative activity of oligomeric procyanidins from the seedpod of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.
abstract: The procyanidins of nonedible parts of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) were determined for the first time. The procyanidins of lotus seedpod were extracted with Me(2)CO/H(2)O and purified by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, with a purity of >98%. ESI-MS analysis showed that the main molecular weight distribution of procyanidins ranged from 291 to 1155, with M + H peak values of 291.1, 579.2, 731.2, 867.2, 1019.4, and 1155.3, respectively. This indicates that the extract contains monomers, dimers, and tetramers of procyanidins, in which the amounts of dimers are greatest, and catechin and epicatechin are the base units. (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectra confirmed that two to four monomers are linked through C(4)-C(8) (or C(6)) bonds. The effects of the procyanidins on lipid autoxidation, lipoxygenase activities, and free radical scavenging were also studied. The results showed that 0.1% procyanidins have a strong antioxidant activity in a soybean oil system, better than BHT at the same concentration; inhibited lipoxygenase activity by >90% at a concentration of 62.5 mug/mL, with an IC(50) value of 21.6 mug/mL; and had IC(50) inhibitory values rate to (*)OH of 10.5 mg/L and a scavenging effect on O(2)(*)(-) of 17.6 mg/L.
authors.affiliation: Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Technology, Hua Zhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China. zhqling323@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Zhi-Qun
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Bi-Jun
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Er-Ling
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D019281:Dimerization; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D031653:Nelumbo / Q000737:chemistry*; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013481:Superoxides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D013481:Superoxides; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical