title: Simulation of the toxicokinetics of trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, styrene and n-hexane by a toxicokinetics/toxicodynamics model using experimental data.
abstract: The toxicokinetics/toxicodynamics (TKTD) model simulates the toxicokinetics of a chemical based on physiological data such as blood flow, tissue partition coefficients and metabolism. In this study, Andersen and Clewell's TKTD model was used with seven compartments and ten differential equations for calculating chemical balances in the compartments (Andersen and Clewell 1996, Workshop on physiologically-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling and risk assessment, Aug. 5-16 at Colorado State University, U.S.A) . Using this model, the authors attempted to simulate the behavior of four chemicals: trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, styrene and n-hexane, and the results were evaluated. Simulations of the behavior of trichloroethylene taken in via inhalation and oral exposure routes were also done. The differences between simulations and measurements are due to the differences between the absorption rates of the exposure routes. By changing the absorption rates, the simulation showed agreement with the measured values. The simulations of the other three chemicals showed good results. Thus, this model is useful for simulating the behavior of chemicals for preliminary toxicity assessment.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 3-1-98 Konohanaku, Kasugadenaka, Osaka, Japan. nakayamay2@sc.sumitomo-chem.co.jp
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakatsuka
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuo
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006586:Hexanes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D001239:Inhalation; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D008954:Models, Biological; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020058:Styrene / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D014018:Tissue Distribution / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D006586:Hexanes; D014241:Trichloroethylene; C026385:n-hexane; D020058:Styrene; D008752:Methylene Chloride