title: Men and reproductive health in rural Pakistan: the case for increased male participation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In Pakistan, the role of men has always been considered to dominate in the decision-making process pertaining to women's fertility and birth spacing. This study was done to explore men's knowledge, perceptions and behavior on various reproductive health issues.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 180 married adult males in 12 rural districts of Pakistan in 2000. The study was qualitative, utilizing tools such as in-depth and key-informant interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings pointed out gaps in knowledge and misconceptions among men on a range of reproductive health issues and stress the need for health education. The findings suggest that strategies such as couple counseling, door-to-door campaigns by village-based male family planning workers and small group meetings could be effective. This study indicates a pressing need for incorporating effective intervention strategies, both at the community and the clinic level, backed with efficient counseling, motivation, and provision of services with appropriate education of males in rural areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that investment into promotion of healthy fertility control practices among men will be effective in the near future, as they are interested in acquiring new knowledge and are willing to become partners.
authors.affiliation: Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Institute of International Health, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rizwan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ushijima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003268:Contraception Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan; D012424:Rural Population