title: Pursuing integration of performance measures into electronic medical records: beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist medications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electronic medical records seldom integrate performance indicators into daily operations. Assessing quality indicators traditionally requires resource intensive chart reviews of small samples. We sought to use an electronic medical record to assess use of beta-adrenergic antagonist medications (beta-blockers) following myocardial infarction, to compare a standardized manual assessment with assessment using electronic medical records, and to discuss potential for future integration of performance indicators into electronic records.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  An urban academic medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  US Medicare beneficiaries 65 years of age or older, admitted to hospital with myocardial infarction between 1995 and 1999.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manual chart review was compared with a computer driven assessment of electronic records. Administration of beta-blockers and cases excluded from use of beta-blockers were measured, based on Medicare criteria. Among 4490 older adults, 391 (4%) of 9018 hospital admissions contained codes for myocardial infarction. In 323 (83%) of the 391 hospital admissions, criteria for excluding beta-blockers were met; 235 (60%) were excluded due to heart failure. Of 68 hospital admissions for myocardial infarction that did not meet exclusion criteria, physicians prescribed beta-blockers in 49 (72%) on admission and 42 (62%) at discharge. Compared with manual chart review, electronic review had a sensitivity of 83-100% and led to fewer false negative findings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An electronic medical records system can be used instead of chart review to measure use of beta-blockers after myocardial infarction. This should lead to integration of real time automated performance measurement into electronic medical records.
authors.affiliation: Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. mw@cogit.net
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiner
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Stump
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Callahan
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000379:methods*; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D007196:Indiana; D008485:Medical Audit; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D006278:Medicare / Q000592:standards; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D018511:Systems Integration
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists