title: Reduced prevalence of ischemic events and abnormal supraortic flow patterns in patients with liver cirrhosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A reduced prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has been reported in liver cirrhosis. However, studies focusing on supraortic district of cirrhotic patients are lacking.
  
  
  METHODS
  By ultrasound duplex scanning, the presence and severity of atherosclerotic plaques and flow pattern abnormalities were assessed in carotid and vertebral arteries of 118 cirrhotics aged 60.7 +/- 12.8 (1 standard deviation) years, and in 236 controls matched with cirrhotic patients according to age, sex and cigarette smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Previous ischemic strokes were significantly less numerous in cirrhotic patients than in controls (0.8% vs. 10.5%; P = 0.0009); also the prevalence of myocardial infarction was significantly reduced (1.7% vs. 6.4%; P = 0.0532). Moreover, cirrhotic patients differed from controls for a lower prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, and for a greater proportion of diabetics. Although the presence and severity of atherosclerotic plaques was similar in the two groups, liver cirrhosis was associated with a lower prevalence of abnormal flow patterns (13.6% vs. 29.2%; P = 0.0011). The inverse association of hemodynamic changes with liver cirrhosis persisted after all main risk factors were simultaneously taken into account by multiple logistic regression. However, in the presence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and cigarette smoking, the 'protective' effect of cirrhosis on the occurrence of abnormal flow patterns was no longer detectable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced liver disease is associated with a reduced prevalence of ischemic stroke, which seems to be related to a decreased prevalence of abnormal flow patterns in the supraortic vessels, especially among non-smokers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Cardioangiology, Hepatology, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berzigotti
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonfiglioli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muscari
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Libassi
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zoli
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007511:Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology