title: An evaluation of state firearm regulations and homicide and suicide death rates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if any of five different state gun laws were associated with firearm mortality: (1) "shall issue" laws permitting an individual to carry a concealed weapon unless restricted by another statute; (2) a minimum age of 21 years for handgun purchase; (3) a minimum age of 21 years for private handgun possession; (4) one gun a month laws which restrict handgun purchase frequency; and (5) junk gun laws which ban the sale of certain cheaply constructed handguns.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional time series study of firearm mortality from 1979 to 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 50 states and the District of Columbia.
  
  
  METHODS
  All residents of the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Firearm homicides, all homicides, firearm suicides, and all suicides.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When a "shall issue" law was present, the rate of firearm homicides was greater, RR 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.24), than when the law was not present, as was the rate of all homicides, RR 1.08 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.17), although this was not statistically significant. No law was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the rates of firearm homicides or total homicides. No law was associated with a statistically significant change in firearm suicide rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A "shall issue" law that eliminates most restrictions on carrying a concealed weapon may be associated with increased firearm homicide rates. No law was associated with a statistically significant reduction in firearm homicide or suicide rates.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. rosengartmr@upmc.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosengart
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nathens
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heagerty
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivara
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D006708:Homicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000401:mortality