title: Polarity of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli EspA filament assembly and protein secretion.
abstract: Type III secretion systems (TTSS) are sophisticated macromolecular structures that play an imperative role in bacterial infections and human disease. The TTSS needle complex is conserved among bacterial pathogens and shows broad similarity to the flagellar basal body. However, the TTSS of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, two important human enteric pathogens, is unique in that it has an approximately 12-nm-diameter filamentous extension to the needle that is composed of the secreted translocator protein EspA. EspA filaments and flagellar structures have very similar helical symmetry parameters. In this study we investigated EspA filament assembly and the delivery of effector proteins across the bacterial cell wall. We show that EspA filaments are elongated by addition of EspA subunits to the tip of the growing filament. Moreover, EspA filament length is modulated by the availability of intracellular EspA subunits. Finally, we provide direct evidence that EspA filaments are hollow conduits through which effector proteins are delivered to the extremity of the bacterial cell (and subsequently into the host cell).
authors.affiliation: Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Flowers Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
authors.forename: Valérie F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Crepin
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Cecilia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knutton
authors.forename: Gad
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frankel
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000502:physiology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005407:Flagella / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C102051:EspA protein, E coli