Urothelial changes induced by therapeutic procedures for bladder cancer. A review.
Topical and systemic therapeutic agents and treatment modalities, such as thiotepa and mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide, bacillus Calmette-Guerin, radiation therapy, photodynamic and laser therapy, and gene therapy, produce a host of changes in the bladder, some of them mimicking cancer. Pathologists must be aware that following these types of treatment, the clinical utility of urinary cytology is reduced.
Mazzucchelli
Roberta
R
Section of Pathologic Anatomy and Histopathology and Institute of Urology, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy. rmaz@libero.it
Barbisan
Francesca
F
Tarquini
Lucia M
LM
Streccioni
Marco
M
Galosi
Andrea B
AB
D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology* / Q000528:radiation effects