title: Clinical comparison of a new manual toothbrush on breath volatile sulfur compounds.
abstract: The objective of this randomized, crossover study was to compare the effectiveness of a newly designed manual toothbrush (Colgate 360 degrees) to two commercially available manual toothbrushes (Oral-B Indicator and Oral-B CrossAction) and a battery-powered toothbrush (Crest SpinBrush PRO) for their ability to reduce overnight volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) associated with oral malodor. The study followed a four-period crossover design. Following a washout period, prospective subjects arrived at the testing facility without eating, drinking, or performing oral hygiene for baseline evaluation of breath VSC levels. For each phase of the study, subjects were given one of the test tooth-brushes and a tube of regular toothpaste to take home, and they were instructed to brush their teeth in their customary manner for 1 minute. When using the Colgate 360 degrees toothbrush, subjects were instructed to clean their tongue with the implement on the back of the brush head for 10 seconds. The following morning, subjects reported to the testing facility, again without performing oral hygiene, eating, or drinking, for the overnight evaluation. After a minimum 2-day washout period, subjects repeated the same regimen using the other toothbrushes. The levels of breath VSC were evaluated instrumentally using a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame photometric detector. Measurements were taken in duplicate and then averaged. The levels of VSC were expressed as parts per billion (ppb) in mouth air. Sixteen men and women completed the study. At baseline, the mean levels of VSC in mouth air for the 4 toothbrushes were 719.8 ppb+/-318.4 ppb, 592.8 ppb+/-264.6 ppb, 673.8 ppb+/-405.9 ppb, and 656.2 ppb+/-310.2 ppb for the Colgate 360 degrees, Oral-B Indicator, Crest SpinBrush PRO, and Oral-B CrossAction, respectively. Overnight, the mean breath VSC levels after using the four toothbrushes were lower than those observed at baseline. The respective mean levels of breath VSC were 266.5 ppb+/-269.9 ppb, 545.2 ppb+/-346.1 ppb, 567 ppb+/-335.7 ppb, and 554.6 ppb+/-398.4 ppb. Only the Colgate 360 degrees toothbrush provided a statistically significant reduction (P < .05) in breath VSC vs baseline. Additionally, the Colgate 360 degrees toothbrush was statistically significantly better (P < .05) than the three commercial toothbrushes in reducing breath VSC. Therefore, the results of this randomized, crossover clinical study indicate that a newly designed manual toothbrush with a tongue-cleaning implement on the back of the brush head was significantly more effective than three commercially available toothbrushes in reducing morning breath VSC associated with oral malodor.
authors.affiliation: Oral Care Advanced Technology, Colgate-Palmolive Company Technology Center, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
authors.forename: Malcolm I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cummins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001944:Breath Tests; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006209:Halitosis / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013457:Sulfur Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D014059:Tongue / Q000737:chemistry*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D013457:Sulfur Compounds