title: Comparison of endoscopic techniques vs Shouldice and other open nonmesh techniques for inguinal hernia repair: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We performed a scientific evaluation of the efficacy of different surgical techniques for inginual hernia repair and supported our findings by conducting a systematic review of randomized studies comparing endoscopic with open nonmesh suture techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  After an extensive search of the literature, a total of 27 studies (41 publications) with evidence level lb were identified. These studies randomly compared endoscopic with open nonmesh suturing techniques. The quality of data sufficed to enable a quantitative meta-analysis of various parameters using the original software of the Cochrane Collaboration. Due to its superiority in comparison to other open nonmesh suturing techniques, the Shouldice repair technique was analyzed separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The systematic comparison of endoscopic techniques with the Shouldice repair showed that these techniques had significant advantages in terms of the following parameters: total morbidity, hematoma, nerve injury, and pain-associated parameters such as time to return to work, and chronic groin pain. The Shouldice operation has the advantages of a shorter operating time and a lower incidence of wound seroma. There was no difference regarding the incidence of major complications, wound infection, testicular atrophy, or hernia recurrence. Open non-Shouldice suturing techniques are associated with higher recurrence rates and more wound infections than endoscopic operations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In comparison to open nonmesh suture repair techniques, endoscopic repair techniques have significant advantages in terms of pain-associated parameters. For the revaluation of long-term complications such as hernia recurrence and chronic groin pain, further clinical examination of the existing study collectives is needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Boeheimstrasse 37, D-70199, Stuttgart, Germany. reinhardbittner@vinzenz.de
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bittner
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sauerland
authors.forename: C-G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Schmedt
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy; D003289:Convalescence; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D010292:Paresthesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012008:Recurrence; D049291:Seroma / Q000453:epidemiology; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000293:injuries; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000453:epidemiology