title: Androgenic progestins in oral contraceptives and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oral contraceptives (OCs) have been consistently linked to reduced risk of ovarian cancer. Oral contraceptive formulations display varying degrees of androgenicity. Data linking androgens to ovarian cancer suggest that OC androgenicity may impact efficacy in preventing ovarian cancer. The authors investigated whether OC efficacy might differ according to androgenicity by using data from a large, population-based, case-control study (the Steroid Hormones and Reproductions [SHARE] Study).
  
  
  METHODS
  Detailed data on OC formulation was obtained by an in-person interview for 568 cases and 1,026 controls. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of OC androgenicity with ovarian cancer while controlling for the known potential confounders of age, parity, family history of ovarian cancer, and tubal ligation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Androgenic and nonandrogenic OCs conferred a similar and significant reduction in ovarian cancer risk (odds ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.76 and odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.78, respectively). No differences in duration of use, age at first use, and time since last use were found between androgenic and nonandrogenic formulations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, the androgenicity of an OC does not alter chemopreventive efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  II-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. juliabgreer@aol.com
authors.forename: Julia B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: Francesmary
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Modugno
authors.forename: Glenn O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Roberta B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ness
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000728:Androgens / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004715:Endometriosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009375:Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined