title: C-arm-based mobile computed tomography: a comparison with established imaging on the basis of simulated treatments of talus neck fractures in a cadaveric study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the image quality and diagnostic effectiveness of a new C-arm-based 3D imaging method (C-arm-CT) for intraoperative evaluation of screw osteosyntheses adjacent to a peripheral joint.
  
  
  METHODS
  Insertion of screws into four cadaveric specimens simulated the surgical treatment of talus neck fractures. Ten orthopedic surgeons and 10 radiologists evaluated X-ray, C-arm fluoroscopy, C-arm-CT and CT images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best image quality was obtained with X-rays (p < 0.001), followed by C-arm fluoroscopy (2D) and CT, with the C-arm-CT (3D) being rated lowest (p < 0.001). The most correct diagnoses were obtained with CT and C-arm-CT (with no statistical difference between them), while C-arm-fluoroscopy was inferior (p < 0.001) and X-rays were the worst (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even if the image quality of C-arm-CT is definitely inferior to that of CT, screw misplacements can be reliably detected using C-arm-CT. As compared to the current standard procedures (intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative radiography), C-arm-CT performed better. C-arm-CT is ideally suited to the intraoperative diagnosis of high-contrast inquiries like bone fragments and OS material, especially at the extremities. Coupling of the new 3D imaging to existing navigation systems is possible. C-arm-CT will support the further development and implementation of open and minimally invasive surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany. swirth@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wirth
authors.forename: Ekkehard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Euler
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Linsenmaier
authors.forename: Sandro-Michael
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Heining
authors.forename: Dorothea
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kotsianos
authors.forename: Klaus-Jürgen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Pfeifer
authors.forename: Wolf
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mutschler
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reiser
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D002102:Cadaver; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013628:Talus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*