title: Severe acute pancreatitis: nonsurgical treatment of infected necroses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In acute pancreatitis, infection of necrosis is associated with a substantial mortality of 15% to >50% even if immediate necrosectomy, the recommended standard treatment, is performed, mainly because of the patients' critical systemic and unstable local conditions at the time of manifestation of infection. We investigated whether this dreaded complication can be managed conservatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 88 consecutive patients with severe (APACHE II score, > or =11; Ranson score, > or =4) acute necrotizing pancreatitis who received ICU treatment including early antibiotic prophylaxis. Twenty-eight patients were included who developed infection of necroses, verified by fine needle aspiration, 19 +/- 6 days after admission. No patient received urgent surgery; rather, in all patients, nonsurgical therapy was continued after adapting the antibiotic regimen to bacteriology. In the further course, 12 patients were excluded due to refractory local complications eventually requiring surgical treatment 36 +/- 14 days after diagnosis of infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients (APACHE II score: 18.1 [11-33]; Ranson score, 5.9 [4-10]) were managed with medical treatment alone. Six patients recovered without further complications; 10 patients (62%) developed single or multiple organ failure, and 2 died (mortality, 12%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis and infected necroses, surgery can be avoided without compromising prognosis and outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Essen, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Runzi
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Niebel
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goebell
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerken
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Layer
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D003422:Critical Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents