title: Inhibition of branching morphogenesis of mouse fetal submandibular gland by sodium fluoride--protection by epidermal growth factor.
abstract: As an initial step to study the effect of sodium fluoride on the oral environment, we investigated how sodium fluoride (NaF) affects the branching morphogenesis of fetal mouse submandibular gland (SMG). When mouse SMG was prepared from the embryo at 13 days post prenatal stage and cultured, gradual development of branching morphogenesis was observed. Addition of NaF affected this morphological change in bimodal fashions. At a lower concentration of NaF (< 2 microM), the branching morphogenesis was slightly enhanced, whereas at a higher concentration of NaF (4 - 8 microM), it was almost completely inhibited. The inhibitory effect of NaF at the higher concentration was abrogated by stimultaneous addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF), but not by 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or insulin-like growth factor (IGF). These data demonstrate that EGF can effectively reduce the cytotoxic activity of NaF at micromolar concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan.
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Naka
authors.forename: Shichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Takahide
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagao
authors.forename: Fumitoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Toshikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakagami
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohkawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009024:Morphogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000633:toxicity*; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000196:embryology
chemical_list: D013002:Somatomedins; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D012969:Sodium Fluoride