title: Sentinel node localization should be interpreted with caution in midline vulvar cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Carcinomas of the vulva situated on the midline or close to it, are supposed to have a bilateral lymphatic drainage. The aim of this study was to evaluate sentinel node identification in these tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 2002 and February 2004, 17 patients with operable vulvar cancer situated on, or close to the midline were entered in a prospective study. All patients underwent sentinel node identification with (99m)Tc-labelled nanocolloid (preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative use of a handheld probe). Depending on the surgeon, intraoperative blue dye was associated. Radical excision of the tumor and routine bilateral lymphadenectomy were then performed. Sentinel nodes were sent separately for histologic examination. Negative sentinel nodes on hematoxylin/eosine were further examined with immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One or more sentinel nodes were identified in the 17 patients and in 21 of the 34 groins. In 5 patients, the sentinel nodes were metastatic. There was no false negative (negative sentinel node and metastatic non-sentinel node). In 13 patients, lymphoscintigraphy and then intraoperative identification suggested a unilateral drainage of the tumor with sentinel nodes localized in only one groin. Among these 13 patients, 3 groins with no sentinel node identified contained in fact massively metastatic nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral finding of a sentinel node in tumors of the midline does not preclude a metastatic node in the other groin. Lymph node assessment should remain bilateral in these lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Service de Gynécologie, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal 40 Avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France. christine.louissylvestre@chicreteil.fr
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Louis-Sylvestre
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Itti
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meignan
authors.forename: Bernard Jean
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Paniel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; D014846:Vulvar Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D013668:Technetium Tc 99m Aggregated Albumin; C083602:technetium Tc 99m nanocolloid