title: A controlled trial of amlodipine for cocaine dependence: a negative report.
abstract: Preclinical models of cocaine dependence have shown favorable reductions in cocaine use using dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists. This is one of the first reports testing the efficacy of the long-acting calcium channel antagonist, amlodipine, for the treatment of cocaine dependence. This was a 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel patient group trial of amlodipine vs. placebo for the treatment of cocaine dependence. One hundred and sixteen subjects participated in a 12-week medication trial in which 60 subjects received medication and 56 received placebo. Subjects in both groups received up to 12 standard manual-driven cognitive behavioral therapy sessions. Overall, drop-out rate for both groups was high, with only about 20% of subjects completing all 12 weeks of treatment. Both groups showed comparable levels of medication compliance and therapy attendance. In the end, amlodipine was no more effective than placebo in reducing craving or measured levels of cocaine use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. malcolmr@musc.edu
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malcolm
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: LaRowe
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: Darlene
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moak
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Herron
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Brady
authors.forename: Sarra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hedden
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Woolson
authors.forename: Perry
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Halushka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017311:Amlodipine; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D003042:Cocaine