title: Requirements for the upregulation of interleukin-6 by herpes simplex virus-infected gingival fibroblasts.
abstract: Interleukin (IL)-6 is an important proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine expressed by various cells. This study examined the production of IL-6 by human gingival keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts following herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Virus-cell interactions responsible for IL-6 induction by HSV-1 were determined. The amounts of IL-6 secreted by primary human gingival keratinocytes and gingival fibroblasts were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-6 expression in gingival fibroblasts was also determined using immunofluorescence staining. To further delineate the viral requirements for this induction, gingival fibroblasts were treated with antibody-neutralized viruses, UV- or heat-inactivated viruses or viral glycoprotein D of HSV-1 (gD-1). The results showed that infection of gingival fibroblasts, but not gingival keratinocytes, with HSV-1 induced production of IL-6. This modulation was blocked by neutralizing antibodies against HSV-1, suggesting that HSV-1 is required for this induction. Moreover, this induction was not abrogated when virus infectivity was destroyed by UV irradiation or heat, indicating that a complete viral life cycle is not required. Further studies showed that gD-1 alone was able to induce IL-6 secretion in gingival fibroblasts. Collectively, our data suggest that HSV-1 infection of gingival fibroblasts up-regulates production of IL-6 through a mechanism involving the interaction of gD-1 with cellular receptors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, 11221.
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Yen-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-Yun
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Shan-Ling
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D016367:Baculoviridae / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000276:immunology*; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D038301:Virus Inactivation / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C039447:glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1