title: Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of lanthanum carbonate in hyperphosphatemia: a 6-month, randomized, comparative trial versus calcium carbonate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperphosphatemia is an important clinical consequence of renal failure, and its multiple adverse systemic effects are associated with significantly increased risks of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Existing oral phosphate binders have not permitted control of serum phosphate within currently accepted guidelines. This study compares lanthanum carbonate with calcium carbonate for control of serum phosphate in hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this European multicentre study, 800 patients were randomised to receive either lanthanum or calcium carbonate and the dose titrated over 5 weeks to achieve control of serum phosphate. Serum levels of phosphate, calcium and parathryoid hormone were followed over the following 20 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Around 65% of patients in each group achieved phosphate control, but in the calcium carbonate group this was at the expense of significant hypercalcemia (20.2% of patients vs. 0.4%). Consequently, calcium x phosphate product tended to be better controlled in the lanthanum group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This 6-month study demonstrates that serum phosphate control with lanthanum carbonate (750-3,000 mg/day) is similar to that seen with calcium carbonate (1,500-9,000 mg/day), but with a significantly reduced incidence of hypercalcemia. Lanthanum carbonate is well tolerated and may be more effective in reducing calcium x phosphate product than calcium carbonate.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Institute of Nephrology and Transplantation, The Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK. alastair.hutchison@cmmc.nhs.uk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hutchison
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vanwalleghem
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Asmus
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmieder
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Backs
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jamar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vosskuhler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010710:Phosphates; D014807:Vitamin D; C119467:lanthanum carbonate; D007811:Lanthanum; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D002118:Calcium