title: The ability of disease modifying antirheumatic drugs to induce and maintain improvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. epidemiology of DMARDs treatment in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effectiveness of the disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) methotrexate (MTX), bucillamine (BUC), salazosulphapyridine (SASP) and gold sodium thiomalate (GST) over two courses of treatment with a follow-up period of at least 12 months was evaluated in 425 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical efficacy was evaluated on the basis of the numbers of painful and swollen joints, morning stiffness, grip strength, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and rheumatoid factor levels before and after treatment. Results were evaluated on the basis of the survival rate (Kaplan-Meier method) and the incidence and types of adverse drug reactions (ADR) following single and combined therapies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first course of treatment, the survival rates for MTX, GST, BUC and SASP were 52.3%, 40.4%, 33.0% and 24.8%, respectively. The rates of development of ADR were 22.9%, 23.5%, 26.3% and 30.0% for BUC, SASP, GST and MTX, respectively. In the second course, the survival rates for MTX, BUC and SASP were 36.6%, 14.1% and 10%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DMARDs used in the first course of treatment improved the clinical parameters until the 6th month after initiation of treatment. Combination treatments showed some effectiveness, but because of the high incidence of ADR the survival rate was low. DMARDs used in the second course of treatment were not efficacious and there was no improvement in the survival rate compared to the first course of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Joint Disease and Rheumatism, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamahatsu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003545:Cysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006052:Gold Sodium Thiomalate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D008875:Middle Aged; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D006052:Gold Sodium Thiomalate; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D003545:Cysteine; C026535:bucillamine; D008727:Methotrexate