title: Endoscopic biopsy of human olfactory epithelium as a source of progenitor cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adult central nervous system contains progenitor cells; however, invasive surgery is required for their harvest. Olfactory neuroepithelium (ONe) has attracted attention because it is extracranial and contains progenitor cells that account for its regenerative capacity. Olfactory progenitor cells have been cultured from postmortem ONe. Our aim was to determine if olfactory progenitors could be obtained via biopsy from patients in a feasible, effective, and safe manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic biopsy was performed on individuals undergoing sinus surgery (n = 42). Olfactory function was assessed pre- and postoperatively. Specimens were cultured under conditions for olfactory progenitor cell development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Progenitor cells emerged in cultures from 50% of our patients. The superior turbinate, biopsied with cutting punch forceps, gave the highest yield. No adverse impact on olfaction or complications with the biopsy were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic biopsy of ONe for obtaining olfactory progenitor cells from living donors is feasible, effective, and safe.
authors.affiliation: Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Welby
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Winstead
authors.forename: Charles T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Cheng L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Klueber
authors.forename: Fred J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Roisen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013234:Stem Cells; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting