title: From systems to tissues: a revolution in learning in perioperative education.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents the results of an exploratory project undertaken to evaluate the change to teaching and learning of surgical specialties in the Postgraduate Diploma in Advanced Nursing (Perioperative) conducted at La Trobe University,Victoria, Australia.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The teaching of perioperative nursing practices has traditionally been based on the medical model of surgical specializations, using information transmission as the main teaching approach. It has become clear to perioperative educators that it is possible to look at the basic theoretical principles involved in the teaching of surgical interventions from a different perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  This project is an exploratory descriptive study that employed a qualitative approach, using a reflective approach to teaching, results of a focus group discussion and subject assessment as data. Research Ethics Committee protocols were followed. Aversion of nominal group technique was used for the focus group interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The restructure of this subject shows potential in bringing about a conceptual shift in nurse education in three areas: (1) Organizational principle or curriculum structure: from content focus to theoretical principles; (2) Learning mode: student involvement from passive student to professional decision maker; (3) Teaching strategy:from teacher-focused strategy with intentions to transmit information to a student-focused strategy aimed at students changing their conceptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that perioperative students are able to demonstrate critical thinking and apply principles of surgical technique across a range of specialty areas without having participated in the particular surgery beforehand.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Midwifery, Victoria University of Technology, Australia. marilyn.richardson-tench@vu.edu.au
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richardson-Tench
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martens
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004511:Education, Nursing, Graduate; D017144:Focus Groups; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D015402:Nursing Education Research; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods*; D013338:Students, Nursing; D013663:Teaching; D014739:Victoria