title: Risperidone withdrawal-related respiratory dyskinesia: a case diagnosed by spirography and fibroscopy.
abstract: Risperidone is a frequently used member of a new class of atypical antipsychotics-the serotonin-dopamine antagonists (SDAs)-due to its comparatively high efficacy and low D2/5HT2 binding ratio, which results in a low incidence of extrapyramidal side effects including tardive dyskinesia (TD). The authors present an elderly patient with mixed dementia who developed TD at multiple sites, (including respiratory dyskinesia [RD], limb dyskinesia, and orofacial dyskinesia) following abrupt withdrawal of risperidone therapy. RD is not a rare condition, but is often misdiagnosed and is potentially lethal. Therefore, clinicians should pay close attention to possible onset of RD in patients with multiple risk factors for TD, even when SDA therapy is used. If RD is suspected, assessment should include spirography combined with fibroscopy for examination of irregularities in the rate, rhythm, and depth of respiration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Saitama, Japan.
authors.forename: Sakura
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirino
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Heii
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D018967:Risperidone