title: Glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products preferentially induce VEGF expression and reduce GDNF expression in human astrocytes.
abstract: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a biological unit composed of capillary endothelial cells and astrocytes. Here we examined the effects of various types of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on astrocytes and BBB-forming endothelial cells. While no type of AGE we examined changed the permeability of endothelial sheets, glyceraldehyde-derived AGE induced VEGF expression most significantly in astrocytes. The expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which reduces the vascular permeability, was decreased in the astrocytes by treatment with glyceraldehyde-derived AGE. These results indicate that glyceraldehyde-derived AGE is the biologically active substance for astrocytes by regulating the VEGF and GDNF expression, which is causally contributing to an increase in the permeability of the BBB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyajima
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osanai
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Nami
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishikiori
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawada
mesh_terms: D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017931:DNA Primers; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000502:physiology*; D005985:Glyceraldehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C495039:GDNF protein, human; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D005985:Glyceraldehyde