Nerve monitoring and stimulation during endoscopic neck surgery in the pig.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the feasibility of recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring and stimulation during endoscopic neck surgery in an animal model.


METHODS
Prospective, nonrandomized experimental investigation in a porcine model.


METHODS
Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring and stimulation was accomplished during endoscopic neck surgery in five domestic pigs. Each pig was intubated with an electromyography endotracheal tube. Recurrent laryngeal nerve function was monitored throughout the endoscopic neck surgery with a nerve integrity monitor system. An endoscopic surgical pocket was created in the neck using blunt dissection followed by low-pressure carbon dioxide insufflation. Under direct endoscopic visualization, the trachea, thyroid gland, and associated vasculature were identified. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified on each side of the animal and was successfully stimulated with a monopolar stimulator probe.


RESULTS
Ten of ten recurrent laryngeal nerves were successfully monitored and stimulated. No significant complications were encountered during the procedures.


CONCLUSIONS
Recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring and stimulation may be successfully accomplished during endoscopic neck surgery.
Grunebaum
Lisa Danielle
LD
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
Rosen
David
D
Krein
Howard D
HD
Keane
William M
WM
Curtis
Mark
M
Tereschuk
Debra A
DA
Pribitkin
Edmund A
EA
D000818:Animals; D001706:Biopsy; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004210:Dissection; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004576:Electromyography; D004724:Endoscopy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D007327:Insufflation; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D023421:Models, Animal; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods*; D009333:Neck / Q000601:surgery*; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D012009:Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods; D014132:Trachea / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000033:anatomy & histology
D002245:Carbon Dioxide