title: Patient-related barriers to pain management: the Icelandic Barriers Questionnaire II.
abstract: The Barriers Questionnaire-II (BQ-II) is used to evaluate eight attitudinal barriers to cancer pain management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Icelandic BQ-II (IBQ-II). Icelandic adults (n=244) completed the IBQ-II, the Brief-Pain-Inventory, and demographic questions. Half the responders were male (52%), and 42.8% had pain on the day of data collection. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 34.73 (11.78) years and education of 15.08 (3.69) years. Factor analysis of the IBQ-II supported three factors. The alpha was 0.90. The mean (SD) IBQ-II total score was 2.32 (0.78), on a scale of 0 to 5, with higher scores indicating stronger barriers. IBQ-II total scores were inversely related to education (r=-0.21; P<0.01), and positively related to least pain (r=0.24; P<0.05), average pain (r=0.23; P<0.05), and pain interference with life activities (r=0.22; P<0.05) for those who had pain. There is support for reliability, validity, and feasibility of the IBQ-II.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing and Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
authors.forename: Sigridur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gunnarsdottir
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Serlin
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D059408:Pain Management; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires