title: Anemia under androgen deprivation: influence of flutamide, cyproteroneacetate and orchiectomy on the erythropoietin system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a high incidence of anemia in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) under androgen deprivation. Pathophysiology of this anemia remains unclear. Erythropoietin (EPO) is the main growth factor inducing erythropoesis in response to hypoxia. In this study, function of the EPO-system following androgen deprivation was tested in standardized animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals were pretreated by either orchiectomy, injection of cyproteroneacetate or flutamide. After hypoxic stimulation, EPO mRNA expression and EPO serum levels were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all animals, EPO mRNA expression and EPO serum levels were increased following hypoxic stimulation. Compared to the control group, this increase was even more pronounced after androgen deprivation. None of the different forms of androgen deprivation had a negative stimulating effect on EPO expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unexpectedly, androgen deprivation did not suppress EPO mRNA expression and EPO serum concentrations. Instead, stimulation of the EPO system was even more pronounced after androgen deprivation. A deficient EPO system does not appear to contribute to the clinically observed anemia in patients treated by androgen deprivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. sekrurol@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: T-A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Voegeli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurtz
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Effert
authors.forename: K-U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Eckardt
mesh_terms: D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency*; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000818:Animals; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005485:Flutamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D000728:Androgens; D004921:Erythropoietin; D017373:Cyproterone Acetate; D005485:Flutamide