title: Effect of sex and sex hormones on structural intestinal adaptation after massive small bowel resection in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The gonadal steroids play a major role in the regulation of many functions. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of sex and sex hormones on intestinal adaptation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In the first experiment, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bowel transection and re-anastomosis (sham group) or 75% small bowel resection and anastomosis (SBS group). Relative changes in parameters of intestinal adaptation (overall bowel and mucosal weight, mucosal DNA and protein, villus height, and crypt depth) were measured on day 15 and were compared with respect to sex. In the second experiment, male rats were divided into 4 experimental groups: SBS rats, SBS castrated rats, SBS castrated rats treated with testosterone, and SBS castrated rats treated with estradiol. Parameters of intestinal adaptation were compared with respect to hormonal treatment. Statistical significance was determined by Student's t test and analysis of variance with P < .05 considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sex had minimal effects on intestinal adaptation. Both male and female rats showed a comparable increase in all parameters of intestinal adaptation. In the second experiment, castration led to significant decrease in bowel and mucosal weight, mucosal DNA and protein in both jejunum and ileum compared with SBS animals. Castrated rats also had lower jejunal villus height and crypt depth compared with SBS animals. Testosterone attenuated this negative effect of castration on bowel regrowth. Rats treated with testosterone showed a significant increase in bowel and mucosal weight, mucosal protein in both jejunum and ileum, mucosal DNA, villus height, and crypt depth in jejunum compared with castrated nontreated animals. Treatment with estradiol after resection and castration had minimal effect on bowel regrowth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bowel regrowth after massive small bowel resection is not sex-related. Depletion of androgens by castration inhibited intestinal adaptation. Testosterone has shown a strong stimulating effect on bowel regrowth.
authors.affiliation: Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel. igor-dr@internet-zahav.net
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sukhotnik
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shiloni
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mogilner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lurie
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hirsh
authors.forename: Arnold G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Coran
authors.forename: Michael M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Krausz
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008871:Microvilli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009919:Orchiectomy; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012737:Sex Factors; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol