title: Group identification and outgroup attitudes in four South African ethnic groups: a multidimensional approach.
abstract: Although Sumner's ethnocentrism hypothesis, which expects stronger group identification to be associated with more negative outgroup attitudes, has been widely accepted, empirical findings have been inconsistent. This research investigates the relationship of four dimensions of ethnocultural group identification previously proposed by Phinney, that is, salience, evaluation, attachment, and involvement, with attitudes to ethnic outgroups in four South African ethnocultural groups (Africans, Afrikaans Whites, English Whites, Indians). The findings supported the factorial independence of the four identification dimensions and indicated that only one, ethnocultural evaluation (ingroup attitudes), was systematically related to outgroup attitudes, but the association could be positive, negative, or zero. Both functionalist and similarity-dissimilarity approaches to intergroup relations seemed to provide plausible explanations for the pattern of relationships obtained between ingroup and outgroup attitudes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, New Zealand. j.duckitt@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Duckitt
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Callaghan
authors.forename: Claire
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude / Q000208:ethnology*; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013019:South Africa; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires