title: Using questionnaire and cotinine concentration in urine for studying the smoking habits and ETS exposure of pregnant women.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the exposure of pregnant women to tobacco smoke on the basis of a standardised survey questionnaire, and determination of cotinine in urine. In the study participated 133 women delivering, checked in at the Obstetric Department of Independent Public Health Care Unit in Srem in 2003. The all women fill in the questionnaire forms referring smoking and exposure to ETS (Environmental Tobacco Smoke). In the tested group 22.6% were smoking during pregnancy. Only 5 pregnant women quit smoking, however around 60% of smokers reduced the number of cigarettes. Near 56% of women were exposed to ETS, mainly during social events. In case of women, who declared smoking the mean concentration of cotinine was 2164 ng/mg of creatinine. Passive smokers had cotinine concentration between 10 and 50 ng/mg of creatinine Cotinine may be used to validate tobacco smoke exposure assessment from surveys.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan. eflorek@amp.edu.pl
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Florek
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Piekoszewski
authors.forename: Lukasz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rybakowski
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moczko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D003367:Cotinine / Q000652:urine*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011044:Poland; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000652:urine*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003404:Creatinine; D003367:Cotinine