title: Transcriptional regulation of two stage-specifically expressed genes in the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
abstract: The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii differentially expresses two distinct enolase isoenzymes known as ENO1 and ENO2, respectively. To understand differential gene expression during tachyzoite to bradyzoite conversion, we have characterized the two T.gondii enolase promoters. No homology could be found between these sequences and no TATA or CCAAT boxes were evident. The differential activation of the ENO1 and ENO2 promoters during tachyzoite to bradyzoite differentiation was investigated by deletion analysis of 5'-flanking regions fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter followed by transient transfection. Our data indicate that in proliferating tachyzoites, the repression of ENO1 involves a negative distal regulatory region (nucleotides -1245 to -625) in the promoter whereas a proximal regulatory region in the ENO2 promoter directs expression at a low level. In contrast, the promoter activity of ENO1 is highly induced following the conversion of tachyzoites into resting bradyzoites. The ENO2 promoter analysis in bradyzoites showed that there are two upstream repression sites (nucleotides -1929 to -1067 and -456 to -222). Furthermore, electrophoresis mobility shift assays demonstrated the presence of DNA-binding proteins in tachyzoite and bradyzoite nuclear lysates that bound to stress response elements (STRE), heat shock-like elements (HSE) and other cis-regulatory elements in the upstream regulatory regions of ENO1 and ENO2. Mutation of the consensus AGGGG sequence, completely abolished protein binding to an oligonucleotide containing this element. This study defines the first characterization of cis-regulatory elements and putative transcription factors involved in gene regulation of the important pathogen T.gondii.
authors.affiliation: Equipe de Parasitologie Moléculaire UGSF-IFR 118, CNRS UMR 8576 Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
authors.forename: Michael K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kibe
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coppin
authors.forename: Najoua
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dendouga
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Oria
authors.forename: Edwige
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Meurice
authors.forename: Marlène
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mortuaire
authors.forename: Edwige
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Madec
authors.forename: Stanislas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomavo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D017125:Genes, Protozoan; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D020218:Response Elements; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase