title: Oncogene amplification and overexpression of oncoproteins in thyroid papillary cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several oncogene aberrations have been found in papillary thyroid cancer, the incidence of which has increased after the accident in Chernoby. The occurrence and prognostic significance of these aberrations may have importance in therapeutic strategies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumour tissues from 24 patients were investigated by Dot-blot DNA hybridisation for c-myc, Ha-ras amplification and p53 deletion, and by immunohistochemical method for cyclin D1, p53 and p21 overexpression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overexpression of p53 protein was detected in 66.6%, with p21 expression (25%) without any influence on tumour phenotype. Cyclin D1 overexpression was found in 50% to be associated with p21, in inverse relation to Iymphocytic infiltration. Overexpression of estrogen receptor was shown in 4 cyclin D1-positive samples (17%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. The co-expression of cyclin D1 and p21 causes a CDK-independent, estrogen receptor-mediated effect of the cyclin D1 also described in breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Co-operative Research Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, H-1367 Budapest 5. Pf 131; Hungary. varkondi@kkk.sote.hu
authors.forename: Edit
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Várkondi
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gyory
authors.forename: András
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: István
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ember
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kozma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D005260:Female; D016259:Genes, myc; D011905:Genes, ras; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019938:Cyclin D1