title: Lomustine (chloroethylnitrosourea [CCNU]), ifosfamide, bleomycin, vincristine, and cisplatin (CIBO-P) is an effective regimen for patients with poor prognostic refractory or multiple disease recurrent aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The current study was designed to assess the activity and safety of a novel combination therapy for patients with recurrent or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three consecutive patients with recurrent or refractory aggressive NHL were treated with lomustine (chloroethylnitrosourea [CCNU]; 60 mg/m2 on Day 1), ifosfamide (1.5 g/m(2 on Days 1, 2 and 21, 22), bleomycin (5 mg/m2 on Days 1, 5 and 21, 25), vincristine (1.4 mg/m2 on Days 1, 8 and 21, 28), and cisplatin (25 mg/m2 on Days 3, 4, 5 and 23, 24, 25), every 42 days (CIBO-P regimen).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine patients (91%) were evaluable for response. The median patient age was 63 years. Thirty-five percent of the patients had received > or = 2 lines of previous chemotherapy and 40% had elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels at the time of treatment initiation. The overall objective response rate was 77% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 63-90%), including 19 (49%) complete (CR) and 11 (28%) partial responses. CIBO-P induced responses in primary refractory disease and in patients treated for second or subsequent disease recurrences. A CR with previous therapy was the most important factor associated with a significantly higher CR rate. The median duration of response was 6 months (95% CI, 4.4-7.7 months) and the median survival duration was 10.7 months (95% CI, 5.9-18.1 months). Five patients (11.6%) remained disease free for > or = 24 months. By multivariate analysis, a CR with previous therapy and average dose intensity of CIBO-P drugs were independent prognostic factors for time-to-treatment failure, whereas a CR with previous therapy and serum lactate dehydrogenase were independent predictors for survival. Myelosuppression was the most frequent serious complication of this regimen. However, none of the patients had hemorrhage with thrombocytopenia, and only 2 patients (5%) had febrile neutropenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the current study, CIBO-P was a novel, highly active, and safe combination therapy for patients with refractory disease with a poor prognosis or for patients with multiply recurrent aggressive NHL.
authors.affiliation: Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy. antoniomusolino@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Musolino
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Michiara
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Delnevo
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Franciosi
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Di Blasio
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ceci
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Camisa
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ardizzoni
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cocconi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D001761:Bleomycin; D014750:Vincristine; D008130:Lomustine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D002945:Cisplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide