Occupational injuries in Greece (1938-1955): history of medicine and descriptive epidemiology.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the longitudinal trends in the rates of total and fatal occupational accidents in Greece during 1938-1955.


METHODS
Information on occupational injuries have been provided from the yearly reports of the Organization of Social Insurances (1938-1955) and on population data from the tables of National Statistic Agency. Bio-statistical analysis was performed by the use of SPSS software and Stat-Calc of Epi Info.


RESULTS
The evolution of the longitudinal trend of occupational accidents has revealed a biphasic character, with a decreasing trend during 1938-1945 and an increasing trend during 1946-1955. The phenomenon was obvious in both sexes and in all age groups. On the contrary fatal occupational injuries increased across the period 1938-1945 and subsequently decreased. These temporal trends can be interpreted on the light of the important reduction in the level of economic activity during the second world war and the subsequent gradual recovery in the post war period.


CONCLUSIONS
The biphasic characteristics of the occupational accidents longitudinal trend seems to be influenced by historical factors. Important lessons were learnt from the period of war. The decrease of the rate of total occupational accidents does not necessary reflect a satisfactory level of safety at work. The level of the economic activity, the efficiency of the registration and prevention agencies play a role. In addition, the rate of fatal injuries has a critical role in benchmarking national occupational health performance.
Rachiotis
G
G
Sector of Occupational and Industrial Hygiene, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece.
Constantinidis
T C
TC
Dounias
G
G
Drivas
S
S
Makropoulos
V
V
D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000328:Adult; D019985:Benchmarking / Q000266:history; D004813:Epidemiology / Q000266:history*; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000266:history