title: The prevalence of obesity and associated morbidity among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There has been a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents over the last few decades. Obesity is associated with significant psychosocial and physical morbidity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to define the prevalence of obesity and associated morbidity, including type 2 diabetes and hypertension, among 17-year-old adolescents. A comparison between the morbidity patterns of females and males was also performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  All 17-year-old Israeli nationals are obliged by law to present at the Israel Defence Forces recruiting office for a medical examination, with the exception of orthodox religious and Arabic adolescents. Height and weight are measured and classified, and a trained specialist evaluates those with suspected associated diseases. The level of education is also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our survey included 76,732 adolescents, 32,402(42.2%) females and 44,330(57.8%) males. The prevalence of obesity and morbid obesity among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts was 4.1% in males and 3.3% in females. The prevalence of borderline overweight was 12.4% in males and 11.4% in females. The prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes was significantly higher among conscripts with BMI>30 kg/m2 in both genders. There was also a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes in males compared with females(P<0.001, 0.015). A significantly higher prevalence of conscripts without high-school education(<10 years of education) was found among females with BMI>30 kg/m2. There was no significant difference among the male conscripts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found a relatively low prevalence of obesity among 17-year-old Israeli conscripts, but an alarmingly high prevalence of borderline overweight. Obesity was correlated with a higher prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and a lower level of education. There was a significant difference between genders in the prevalence of hypertension and type 2 diabetes, and this should be further investigated. These data call for the creation of new education programmes on the prevention of overweight among children and adolescents.
authors.affiliation: Surgeon General Headquarters Israeli Airforce, IAF, Beer Sheva, Israel. bardayan@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bar Dayan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elishkevits
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grotto
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shvarts
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohana
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Onn
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Bar Dayan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000193:education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence