title: An evaluation of multimodal 2D+3D face biometrics.
abstract: We report on the largest experimental study to date in multimodal 2D+3D face recognition, involving 198 persons in the gallery and either 198 or 670 time-lapse probe images. PCA-based methods are used separately for each modality and match scores in the separate face spaces are combined for multimodal recognition. Major conclusions are: 1) 2D and 3D have similar recognition performance when considered individually, 2) combining 2D and 3D results using a simple weighting scheme outperforms either 2D or 3D alone, 3) combining results from two or more 2D images using a similar weighting scheme also outperforms a single 2D image, and 4) combined 2D+3D outperforms the multiimage 2D result. This is the first (so far, only) work to present such an experimental control to substantiate multimodal performance improvement.
authors.forename: K I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Bowyer
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Flynn
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique