title: [Molecular genetic study of causes of the Prader-Willi and Angelman syndrome].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are distinctive diseases with severe impairment of psychomotoric development and behaviour. Both syndromes are caused by the loss of paternal (PWS) or maternal (AS) gene expression of chromosomal region 15q11-13. The work reveals the various causes of this loss. The choice of the most suitable method for screening of the genome mutations in the patients suspected of PWS and AS is another purpose of the work.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The methyl specific analysis (MS PCR) in locus SNRPN, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were used. In the group of 55 patients tested for PWS and AS only maternal allele was present in 11 patients and only paternal allele was present in 1 patient in the locus SNRPN: 10 microdeletions 15q11-13, 1 UPD(15)mat and 1 UPD(15)pat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MS PCR seems to be the most profitable method for the first step of selection of PWS patients. In positive cases is inevitable to use also additional tests of molecular diagnosis to distinguish the particular mechanism leading to the disorders. In AS patients is also MSPCR recommended as the first step although it is necessary to exclude mutation in UBE3A gene in case of MS PCR negativity.
authors.affiliation: Ostav lékarské genetiky a fetální medicíny LF UP a FN, Olomouc.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Capková
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vrtĕl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santavá
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zapletalová
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krsiaková
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hyjánek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santavý
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017204:Angelman Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D001324:Autoantigens; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002872:Chromosome Deletion; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D017411:Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences; D055517:snRNP Core Proteins
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D017411:Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear; C526417:SNRPN protein, human; D055517:snRNP Core Proteins