title: Effect of viscosity and concentration of wall former, emulsifier and pore-inducer on the properties of amoxicillin microcapsules prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation.
abstract: This study reports the laboratory optimization for the preparation of sustained release amoxicillin (AMX) ethylcellulose microcapsules by an emulsion solvent evaporation process by adjusting the viscosity and concentration of ethylcellulose, ratio of amoxicillin to ethylcellulose, and concentration of emulsifier and pore inducer. When ethylcellulose with a viscosity of 45 mPa.s was used, almost no material stuck to the inside wall of the beaker and uniform microcapsules were prepared. The average diameter of microcapsules increased and yield and release rate decreased as the concentration of ethylcellulose increased from 1% to 8%. The release of amoxicillin from microcapsules was influenced by the ratio of the weight of drug to that of ethylcellulose and ratios of 2:1 and 4:1 were most suited for optimum amoxicillin release. The average diameter of microcapsules decreased and the release rate increased as the concentration of the emulsifier increased from 1.5% to 6.0%, however, the size distribution became significantly wider with the increase in the concentration of sorbitan monooleate. Addition of small amounts of a water-soluble agent sucrose improved the release of active ingredient from the microcapsule matrix without influencing the morphology and particulate properties of the microcapsules.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA.
authors.forename: Mingna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shuying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lourens R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Tiedt
authors.forename: Wilna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liebenberg
authors.forename: Melgardt M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: de Villiers
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000737:chemistry*; D002214:Capsules; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004655:Emulsions; D006601:Hexoses / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004655:Emulsions; D006601:Hexoses; D012997:Solvents; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C018665:sorbitan monooleate; C013517:ethyl cellulose; D000658:Amoxicillin; D002482:Cellulose