title: Azithromycin prophylaxis and treatment of murine toxoplasmosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the azithromycin effects alone and in combination with other agents in the prophylaxis and treatment of murine toxoplasmosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 280 BALB/c mice were included, and 2 x 103 Toxoplasma organisms of the RH strain Toxoplasma gondii strain ATCC50174 were given intraperitoneally to each mouse. In experiment one, 40 animals were given azithromycin 200 milligram/kilogram/daily for 3 days starting the day of inoculation, 40 mice were control. In experiment 2, the treatment was started 48 hours after inoculation and given daily for 3 days: one group received azithromycin 200 milligram/kilogram/day, the second group received pyrimethamine 25 milligram/kilogram/day, and the sulfadiazine 100 milligram/kilogram/day. The third group was control. In experiment 3, 7 groups of animals received one of the following (1) none, (2) azithromycin 200 milligram/kilogram/day, (3) pyrimethamine 25 milligram/kilogram/day and sulfadiazine 100 milligram/kilogram/day, (4) azithromycin and sulfadiazine, (5) azithromycin and pyrimethamine, (6) azithromycin with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine, (7) sulfadiazine alone. Treatment was initiated 72 hours after inoculation for 3 days. The study was conducted at the Animal Care Facility of King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Animals that received azithromycin simultaneously with inoculation survived, and all control animals died. All animals died in groups receiving single drug therapy. Animals treated with azithromycin and sulfadiazine showed a survival rate of 40%, sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine 40%, or azithromycin with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine 95% (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Azithromycin alone was found to be effective in the prophylaxis of murine toxoplasmosis. Combination therapy was effective in the treatment of murine toxoplasmosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University and The Eye Center and The Eye Foundation for Research in Ophthalmology, PO Box 55307, Riyadh 11534, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. k.tabbara@nesma.net.sa
authors.forename: Khalid F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Tabbara
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hammouda
authors.forename: Abdulkader
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tawfik
authors.forename: Othman M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Al-Omar
authors.forename: Ahmed M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Abu El-Asrar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D014124:Toxoplasmosis, Animal / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000981:Antiprotozoal Agents; D017963:Azithromycin