title: Interleukin-1beta induces death in chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction and energy depletion in a reactive nitrogen and oxygen species-dependent manner.
abstract: IL-1 (interleukin-1) acts as a key mediator of the degeneration of articular cartilage in RA (rheumatoid arthritis) and OA (osteoarthritis),where chondrocyte death is observed. It is still controversial, however, whether IL-1 induces chondrocyte death. In the present study, the viability of mouse chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells was reduced by the treatment with IL-1beta for 48 h or longer. IL-1beta augmented the expression of the catalytic gp91 subunit of NADPH oxidase, gp91phox, as well as inducible NO synthase in ATDC5 cells. Generation of nitrated guanosine and tyrosine suggested the formation of reactive nitrogen species including ONOO- (peroxynitrite), a reaction product of NO and O2-, in ATDC5 cells and rat primary chondrocytes treated with IL-1beta. Death of ATDC5 cells after IL-1beta treatment was prevented by an NADPH-oxidase inhibitor, AEBSF[4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-sulphonyl fluoride], an NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), and a ONOO- scavenger, uric acid. The viability of ATDC5 cells was reduced by the ONOO(-)-generator 3-(4-morpholinyl)sydnonimine hydrochloride, but not by either the NO-donor 1-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(N-methyl-2-aminopropyl)-3-methyl-1-triazene or S-nitrosoglutathione. Disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP deprivation were observed in IL-1beta-treated ATDC5 cells, both of which were restored by L-NAME, AEBSF or uric acid. On the other hand, no morphological or biochemical signs indicating apoptosis were observed in these cells. These results suggest that the death of chondrocyte-like ATDC5 cells was mediated at least in part by mitochondrial dysfunction and energy depletion through ONOO- formation after IL-1beta treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yasuhara
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akaike
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akuta
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morimura
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasu
authors.forename: Ryutaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kamijo
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II