title: Development and preliminary validation of a systemic lupus erythematosus-specific quality-of-life instrument (SLEQOL).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a chronic illness with an unpredictable and variable course, profoundly affects the quality of life (QOL). General health questionnaires are used to assess QOL in SLE, but a disease-specific instrument could offer enhanced responsiveness and content validity. We detail the steps we took to develop and validate a new SLE-specific QOL instrument, SLEQOL.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rheumatology professionals nominated items that they felt were important determinants of QOL of SLE patients. One hundred SLE patients were asked to assess the importance and frequency of occurrence of these items and to suggest those that had not been listed. Item reduction was performed using Rasch model and factor analyses to create a new questionnaire in English. This final questionnaire was administered to a cohort of 275 patients to study its psychometric properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one items covering a wide range of QOL concerns were identified. The patients' responses led to the elimination of 11. The new questionnaire of 40 items was found to have Cronbach's alpha of 0.95 and to consist of eight domains covering physical, mental and social QOL issues. It has good test-retest reliability, poor to fair cross-sectional correlation with the SF-36, with poor correlation with lupus activity or damage indices. The SLEQOL was more responsive to change than the SF-36.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have developed a new 40-item SLEQOL in English and showed that it is valid for use in SLE patients in Singapore. It offers better content validity and responsiveness to change than the SF-36.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433. khai_pang_leong@ttsh.com.sg
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: K O
authors.initials: KO
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: B Y H
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Thong
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Teh
authors.forename: Y K
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chng
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Badsha
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Pong
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Hoi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sangeetha
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Howe
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires