title: [Low flow anaesthesia with isoflurane in the dog].
abstract: The aim of the present study was to compare the safety of two low flow (LF) regimes [fresh gas flow (FGF) 20 ml/kg/min (group 2) and 14 ml/kg/min (group 3)] with the high flow (HF) technique (FGF 50 ml/kg/min; group 1) of isoflurane anaesthesia. Data were gathered from ninety dogs assigned for surgery under general anaesthesia with an expected duration of 75 minutes or longer. All dogs had an anaesthetic induction with 0,6 mg/kg I-methadone (maximum 25 mg) and 1 mg/kg diazepam (maximum 25 mg) i.v. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in a mixture of 50% O2 and 50% N2O as carrier gases, with controlled ventilation. The Monitoring included electrocardiogramm, body temperature, the temperature of in- and exspired gases, arterial oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressure as well as a continuous monitoring of inhaled and exhaled gas concentrations (O2, N2O, CO2, isoflurane). The consumption of isoflurane and carrier gases as well as the recovery times were evaluated for the three groups. The inspired oxygen concentrations always ranged above the minimum value of 30 Vol.-% during low flow anaesthesia. The arterial oxygen saturation ranged between 92-98%, the end tidal concentration of CO2 between 35 and 45 mmHg. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were within normal limits. Recovery time was significantly shorter after LF than after HF anaesthesia. The highest decrease in body temperature occurred in the HF group 1 because of a significantly lower anaesthetic gas temperature. Despite this, LF anaesthesia resulted in a reduced consumption of carrier gases and volatiles. In conclusion, low flow anaesthesia with isoflurane is a safe technique and offers substantial economic advantages over high flow techniques and is moreover better tolerated by the patients.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für kleine Haustiere der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover.
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Alyakine
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nolte
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards / Q000662:veterinary*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane