title: Assessing the technical skills of surgical trainees.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims were to determine whether tests of technical skill on simple simulations can predict competence in the operating theatre and whether objective assessment in the operating theatre by direct observation and video recording is feasible and reliable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three general surgical trainees undertook five simple skill simulations (knotting, skin incision and suturing, tissue dissection, vessel ligation and small bowel anastomosis). The operative competence of each trainee was then assessed during two or three saphenofemoral disconnections (SFDs) by a single surgeon. Video recordings of the operations were also assessed by two surgeons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The inter-rater reliability between direct observation and blinded videotape assessment was high (alpha = 0.96 (95 per cent confidence interval 0.92 to 0.98)). Backward stepwise regression analysis revealed that the best predictors of operative competence were the number of SFDs performed previously plus the simulation scores for dissection and ligation, the key components of SFD (64 per cent of variance explained; P = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deconstruction of operations into their component parts enables trainees to practise on simple simulations representing each component, and be assessed as competent, before undertaking the actual operation. Assessment of surgical competence by direct observation and video recording is feasible and reliable; such assessments could be used for both formative and summative assessment.
authors.affiliation: Sheffield Vascular Institute, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Jonathan.D.Beard@sth.nhs.uk <Jonathan.D.Beard@sth.nhs.uk>
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Jolly
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Newble
authors.forename: W E G
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Donnelly
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Southgate
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000592:standards; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D004210:Dissection / Q000592:standards; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008026:Ligation / Q000592:standards; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000592:standards