title: [Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning with three Kirschner wires in children with type III displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the results of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning in the treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one children (41 boys, 20 girls; mean age 7.6 years; range 2 to 13 years) were treated for type III displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus within the first six hours after trauma. Initial neurologic examinations were normal. Treatment included closed reduction followed by percutaneous pinning with two lateral and one medial K-wires, the last being placed during decreased (80 to 90 degrees) elbow flexion. The ulnar nerve was examined intraoperatively, at the time of discharge, at the end of two weeks, and in the third and six months. On final examinations, the range of motion and carrying angles of both elbows were measured with a goniometer and anteroposterior and lateral radiograms of the affected elbows were examined. The results were evaluated using the clinical scoring system developed by Flynn et al. The mean hospital stay was 3.4 days (range 1 to 10 days) and the mean follow-up was 28.9 months (range 17 to 53 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Iatrogenic ulnar nerve injury occurred in two patients (3.3%), which showed complete clinical improvement in three months. Union was achieved in all the patients. Superficial pin tract infections were seen in four patients (6.6%); and cubitus varus (1.6%) and myositis ossificans in two patients, respectively. Deep infection or compartment syndrome were not encountered. The results were excellent in 49 (80.3%), good in seven (11.5%), fair in two (3.3%), and poor in three patients (5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Closed reduction and percutaneous pinning with three K-wires is an efficacious and safe procedure with a low complication rate in the treatment of type III displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (1. Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği), Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey. lkarapinar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Karapinar
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: Taşkin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Altay
authors.forename: Bayram
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Köse
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006810:Humeral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006811:Humerus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014459:Ulnar Nerve / Q000293:injuries