title: STAT-1 facilitates the ATM activated checkpoint pathway following DNA damage.
abstract: STAT-1 plays a role in mediating stress responses to various stimuli and has also been implied to be a tumour suppressor. Here, we report that STAT-1-deficient cells have defects both in intra-S-phase and G2-M checkpoints in response to DNA damage. Interestingly, STAT-1-deficient cells showed reduced Chk2 phosphorylation on threonine 68 (Chk2(-T68)) following DNA damage, suggesting that STAT-1 might function in the ATM-Chk2 pathway. Moreover, the defects in Chk2(-T68) phosphorylation in STAT-1-deficient cells also correlated with reduced degradation of Cdc25A compared with STAT-1-expressing cells after DNA damage. We also show that STAT-1 is required for ATM-dependent phosphorylation of NBS1 and p53 but not for BRCA1 or H2AX phosphorylation following DNA damage. Expression levels of BRCT mediator/adaptor proteins MDC1 and 53BP1, which are required for ATM-mediated pathways, are reduced in cells lacking STAT-1. Enforced expression of MDC1 into STAT-1-deficient cells restored ATM-mediated phosphorylation of downstream substrates. These results imply that STAT-1 plays a crucial role in the DNA-damage-response by regulating the expression of 53BP1 and MDC1, factors known to be important for mediating ATM-dependent checkpoint pathways.
authors.affiliation: Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Townsend
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cragg
authors.forename: Sean M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hubank
authors.forename: Phang-Lang
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Latchman
authors.forename: Anastasis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stephanou
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000502:physiology*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D018816:Genes, cdc / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071857:Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1; D020687:cdc25 Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C413163:MDC1 protein, human; C112156:NBN protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; C494079:STAT1 protein, human; C494080:Stat1 protein, mouse; C498301:TP53BP1 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; C498302:Trp53bp1 protein, mouse; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000071857:Tumor Suppressor p53-Binding Protein 1; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; C576325:Atm protein, mouse; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; C578633:Chek2 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C517004:CDC25A protein, human; C517005:Cdc25a protein, mouse; D020687:cdc25 Phosphatases