title: Influence of extrahepatic arterial inflow into the posterior segment or caudate lobe of the liver on repeated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For therapeutic effectiveness of repeated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) for unresectable advanced liver malignancies, distribution of anticancer drugs via an indwelling catheter should be uniform throughout the entire liver. It was investigated how an extrahepatic artery entering the posterior segment or caudate lobe of the liver influences performance of repeated HAIC.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred ninety-five patients with unresectable advanced liver cancer underwent placement of a percutaneously implantable port-catheter system and were followed arteriographically with and without computed tomography (CT). The frequency of poor distribution in the posterior segment or caudate lobe of the liver was observed on CT during arteriography via the port for HAIC. The correlation between poor distribution and various factors including the number of intrahepatic arteries was studied, and the management of such poor distribution is described.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 34 of 195 patients (17.4%), poor distribution was observed in the posterior segment and/or caudate lobe of the liver. The rate of poor distribution was significantly higher in those with two or more hepatic arteries than in those with one (13 of 35 vs 21 of 160; P = .0007, chi2 test). Other evaluated factors were not significantly correlated with such poor distribution. The right inferior phrenic artery was successfully embolized in 22 patients with tumors in segments with poor distribution. Good distribution throughout the entire liver was achieved in 21 patients (95.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflow of the right inferior phrenic artery into the liver occasionally prevents distribution of anticancer drugs throughout the entire liver during performance of long-term HAIC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine 465 Kajii-chyo, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan. yamagami@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: Takeharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Tsunehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002445:Celiac Artery / Q000002:abnormalities; D003287:Contrast Media; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities; D008875:Middle Aged; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003287:Contrast Media