title: Soft-tissue vessels and cellular preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex.
abstract: Soft tissues are preserved within hindlimb elements of Tyrannosaurus rex (Museum of the Rockies specimen 1125). Removal of the mineral phase reveals transparent, flexible, hollow blood vessels containing small round microstructures that can be expressed from the vessels into solution. Some regions of the demineralized bone matrix are highly fibrous, and the matrix possesses elasticity and resilience. Three populations of microstructures have cell-like morphology. Thus, some dinosaurian soft tissues may retain some of their original flexibility, elasticity, and resilience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Marine, Earth, Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. schweitzer@ncsu.edu
authors.forename: Mary H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Schweitzer
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wittmeyer
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Horner
authors.forename: Jan K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Toporski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000166:cytology; D018775:Bone Demineralization Technique; D001857:Bone Matrix; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000166:cytology*; D002469:Cell Separation; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D025061:Dinosaurs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004548:Elasticity; D005269:Femur / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D005580:Fossils; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009009:Montana; D010011:Osteocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D004247:DNA