title: CNTF and BDNF have similar effects on retinal ganglion cell survival but differential effects on nitric oxide synthase expression soon after optic nerve injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression in the retina during the early phase of optic nerve (ON) injury, and to examine whether intraperitoneal application of the NOS scavenger nitro-l-arginine (l-NA) could protect the injured RGCs.
  
  
  METHODS
  RGCs were retrogradely labeled with granular blue 3 days before the ON was intraorbitally transected. RGC survival was examined 1 week after ON transection and intraocular injection of CNTF and/or BDNF, or 1 to 2 weeks after daily intraperitoneal injection of the NOS inhibitor l-NA. NOS expression was examined by NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry and neuronal NOS (nNOS) immunohistochemistry, and nNOS-positive cells were identified by various staining approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both CNTF and BDNF significantly increased RGC survival 1 week after ON injury. In the ganglion cell layer (GCL), CNTF did not increase the number of NADPH-diaphorase positive ((+)) cells but appeared to reduce the intensity of NADPH-diaphorase staining, whereas BDNF increased the number of NADPH-diaphorase(+) cells and also appeared to enhance the intensity of NADPH-diaphorase staining. In the GCL, amacrine cells but not RGCs were nNOS(+). Some macrophages were also nNOS(+). In contrast, no amacrine cells were nNOS(+) in the inner nuclear layer. Daily intraperitoneal injection of l-NA at appropriate concentrations promoted RGC survival for 1 or 2 weeks after ON injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both CNTF and BDNF protected RGCs after ON injury. CNTF and BDNF acted differently on NOS expression in the GCL. Intraperitoneal injections of l-NA at appropriate dosages enhance RGC survival.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Neural Repair, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Cheng-Wu
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Si-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Ye
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhi
authors.forename: Henry K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Wutian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kwok-Fai
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cui
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D020221:Optic Nerve Injuries / Q000201:enzymology*; D012165:Retinal Ganglion Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D020934:Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D019335:Nitroarginine; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D009252:NADPH Dehydrogenase