title: Inverse relationship between 15-lipoxygenase-2 and PPAR-gamma gene expression in normal epithelia compared with tumor epithelia.
abstract: 15-Lipoxygenase-2 (15-LOX-2) synthesizes 15-S-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-S-HETE), an endogenous ligand for the nuclear receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma). Several studies have described an inverse relationship between 15-LOX-2 and PPAR-gamma expression in normal versus tumor samples. To systematically determine if this is a ubiquitous phenomenon, we used a variety of epithelial and nonepithelial cells and some tissues to further evaluate the extent of this inverse relationship. The levels of mRNA or protein were measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction or Western gray level intensity, whereas distribution was determined by in situ hybridization or immunofluorescence. 15-S-HETE was measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Normal epithelial cells/samples generally expressed high levels of 15-LOX-2 along with the enzyme product 15-S-HETE, but both levels were reduced in cancer cells/samples. In contrast, most cancer cells expressed high levels of PPAR-gamma mRNA and protein, which were absent from normal epithelial cells. Overall, the inverse relationship between these two genes was primarily restricted to epithelial samples. Forced expression of PPAR-gamma reduced 15-LOX-2 protein levels in normal cells, whereas forced expression of 15-LOX-2 in tumor cells suppressed PPAR-gamma protein levels. These results suggest that feedback mechanisms may contribute to the loss of 15-LOX-2 pathway components, which coincide with an increase in PPAR-gamma in many epithelial cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Vemparala
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Subbarayan
authors.forename: Xiao-Chun
authors.initials: XC
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Jeri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Peiying
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ashraful
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hoque
authors.forename: Anita L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Sabichi
authors.forename: Norma
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Llansa
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mendoza
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Logothetis
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Scott M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lippman
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Menter
mesh_terms: D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D019921:Biotinylation; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D003720:Densitometry; D004848:Epithelium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008024:Ligands; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D011485:Protein Binding; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D008024:Ligands; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C025984:15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid; C458528:ALOX15B protein, human; D001093:Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase