Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV(+) marijuana smokers: acute effects on caloric intake and mood.
BACKGROUND
No studies to date have directly compared the tolerability and efficacy of smoked marijuana and oral dronabinol in HIV(+) marijuana smokers.


OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to compare dronabinol (0, 10, 20, 30 mg p.o.) and marijuana [0.0, 1.8, 2.8, 3.9% Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)] in two samples of HIV(+) marijuana smokers: those with (n=15) and those without (n=15) a clinically significant loss of muscle mass (<90% body cell mass/height), which is one component of AIDS wasting.


METHODS
Mood, physical symptoms, self-selected food intake, cardiovascular data, and cognitive task performance were measured before and repeatedly after dronabinol and marijuana administration in eight 7-h sessions. Marijuana and dronabinol were administered in randomized order using a within-subject, staggered, double-dummy design.


RESULTS
As compared to placebo, (1) marijuana (1.8, 2.8, 3.9% THC) and the lower dronabinol doses (10, 20 mg) were well tolerated (e.g., few physical symptoms, significant increases in ratings of "good drug effect") in both groups of participants; the highest dose of dronabinol (30 mg) was poorly tolerated in a subset of participants; (2) marijuana and dronabinol significantly increased caloric intake in the low bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) group but not in the normal BIA group; and (3) drug effects on cognitive performance were minor.


CONCLUSIONS
These data suggest that for experienced marijuana smokers with clinically significant muscle mass loss, both dronabinol (at acute doses at least four to eight times the current recommendation) and marijuana produce substantial and comparable increases in food intake without producing adverse effects.
Haney
Margaret
M
New York State Psychiatric Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Dr., Unit 120, New York, NY 10032, USA. mh235@columbia.edu
Rabkin
Judith
J
Gunderson
Erik
E
Foltin
Richard W
RW
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002214:Capsules; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D013759:Dronabinol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D006261:Headache / Q000139:chemically induced; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006815:Hunger / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000187:drug effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
D002214:Capsules; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D013759:Dronabinol