title: Oral versus vaginal sex among adolescents: perceptions, attitudes, and behavior.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite studies indicating that a significant proportion of adolescents are having oral sex, the focus of most empirical studies and intervention efforts concerning adolescent sexuality have focused on vaginal intercourse. This narrow focus has created a void in our understanding of adolescents' perceptions of oral sex. This study is the first to investigate adolescents' perceptions of the health, social, and emotional consequences associated with having oral sex as compared with vaginal sex, as well as whether adolescents view oral sex as more acceptable and more prevalent than vaginal sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 580 ethnically diverse ninth-grade adolescents (mean age: 14.54; 58% female) who participated in a longitudinal study on the relationship between risk and benefit perceptions and sexual activity. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that inquired about their sexual experiences and percent chance of experiencing outcomes from, attitudes toward, and perceived prevalence of oral versus vaginal sex among adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More study participants reported having had oral sex (19.6%) than vaginal sex (13.5%), and more participants intended to have oral sex in the next 6 months (31.5%) than vaginal sex (26.3%). Adolescents evaluated oral sex as significantly less risky than vaginal sex on health, social, and emotional consequences. Adolescents also believed that oral sex is more acceptable than vaginal sex for adolescents their own age in both dating and nondating situations, oral sex is less of a threat to their values and beliefs, and more of their peers will have oral sex than vaginal sex in the near future.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given that adolescents perceive oral sex as less risky, more prevalent, and more acceptable than vaginal sex, it stands to reason that adolescents are more likely to engage in oral sex. It is important that health care providers and others who work with youths recognize adolescents' views about oral sex and broaden their clinical preventive services to include screening, counseling, and education about oral sex.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. yafa@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Bonnie L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Halpern-Felsher
authors.forename: Jodi L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cornell
authors.forename: Rhonda Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Kropp
authors.forename: Jeanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tschann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001290:Attitude; D003075:Coitus / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D000297:Psychology, Adolescent; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*