title: Chemosensitization by STI571 targeting the platelet-derived growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor receptor-signaling pathway in the tumor progression and angiogenesis of gastric carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autocrine and paracrine growth mediated by the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-signaling pathway plays an important role in the progression of solid tumors. The authors assessed the effect of STI571 on the tumor growth of gastric carcinoma in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or paclitaxel targeting the PDGF/PDGFR-signaling pathway.
  
  
  METHODS
  In MKN-45 gastric carcinoma cells, the cytotoxic effect was evaluated by 3-(4,5 dimethiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and the in vivo antitumor effect was evaluated in a nude mouse xenograft. Both STI571 and an antitumor drug were administered intraperitoneally. Gene expression was assessed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by the terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick-end labeling assay, and tumor angiogenesis was evaluated by microvessel density analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with STI571 alone was not effective in vitro, as assessed by a 50% inhibitory concentration value of 24.3 microM. Combination treatment with STI571 and 5-FU or paclitaxel enhanced the cytotoxic effect somewhat when the concentration of STI571 was increased to 10 microM. Combination treatment with STI571 and 5-FU or paclitaxel enhanced the antitumor effect of the antitumor drug significantly in vivo. The enhanced antitumor effect was associated with increased apoptotic cell death and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Treatment with STI571 down-regulated the expression of PDGF-BB and PDGFR-beta in tumor cells and decreased the production of phosphorylated PDGFR-beta and phosphorylated Akt. Furthermore, treatment with STI571 inhibited the expression of PDGFR-beta in stromal cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  STI571 was an effective chemosensitizer of antitumor drugs, such as 5-FU and paclitaxel for gastric carcinoma, targeting the PDGF/PDGFR-signaling pathway of tumor cells and stromal cells in disease progression and angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: International Radiation Information Center, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. rkim@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ryungsa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emi
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arihiro
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toge
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000077214:Becaplermin; D001549:Benzamides; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D010879:Piperazines; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000077214:Becaplermin; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017239:Paclitaxel; D005472:Fluorouracil