title: New therapies for rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease, which continues to cause significant morbidity in affected persons. In the past few years, a number of new exciting therapeutic options have become available. These reflect the application of knowledge obtained from advancements in understanding of disease pathogenesis and underlying molecular mechanisms. A number of these therapies are outlined in the following review, including the various biological modifiers, in particular, anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha agents and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonists, which have been developed in recognition of the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RA. Also notable, is the current interest centring on the development and trials with B cell depletion therapies, specifically rituximab, in patients with RA. This demonstrates acknowledgment for a more significant role for B cells in the aetiology of RA, in contrast to the long held view that RA was a predominantly T cell mediated disease. To evaluate this therapeutic option for RA, salient features from recent rituximab trials have been collated. Finally, a selection of other therapeutic alternatives, including anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody and tacrolimus, and newer anti-rheumatic therapies presently in development are summarized.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Rheumatology, The Middlesex Hospital, University College London, Arthur Stanley House, 40-50 Tottenham Street, London W1T 4NJ, UK. fgoldblatt@aol.com
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goldblatt
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Isenberg
mesh_terms: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D019947:Receptors, Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha