title: Preliminary evaluation of BMP-2 expression and histological characteristics during apexification with calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate.
abstract: Histological characteristics and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression were evaluated in apexification procedures using calcium hydroxide [Ca (OH)2] and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). In three of four quadrants of the mouth, monkey (Macaca fascicularis) teeth were infected by pulpal exposure to saliva. After 90 days, each group was treated with Ca (OH)2 or MTA. Infected, untreated teeth were used as negative controls and normally developing teeth were used as positive controls. Areas within the apical region of each sample were scored based upon histological findings and BMP-2 expression. Overall, BMP-2 expression in all areas was similar in the Ca (OH)2, MTA, and infection/no treatment groups, which tended to be more immunoreactive for BMP-2 than the untreated group. Use of MTA in combination with Ca (OH)2 may initiate regeneration of the periodontium more quickly than either material used alone, but further studies involving MTA use in apical closure are indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas 75266-0677, USA.
authors.forename: Karla A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ham
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Witherspoon
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gutmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ravindranath
authors.forename: Toh Chooi
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Gait
authors.forename: Lynne A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Opperman
mesh_terms: D017607:Aluminum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000628:therapy; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010519:Periodontium / Q000378:metabolism; D012038:Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods*; D017640:Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D017607:Aluminum Compounds; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010087:Oxides; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D017640:Silicates; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C086631:mineral trioxide aggregate; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide