title: Short-term effects of repetitive arm work and dynamic exercise on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether repetitive arm work, with a large component of static muscle contraction alters glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Euglycemic clamps (2 h) were started in ten healthy individuals 15 min after 37 min periods of: (1) repetitive arm work in a simulated occupational setting; (2) dynamic concentric exercise on a cycle ergometer at 60% of VO(2max) and (3) a resting regime as a control. During the experimental periods, blood samples were collected, blood pressure was measured repeatedly and electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded continuously. During the clamps, euglycemia was maintained at 5 mmol l(-1) and insulin was infused at 56 mU m(-2) min(-1) for 120 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The insulin-mediated glucose disposal rate (M-value) for the steady-state period (60-120 min) of the clamp, tended to be lower following arm work than for both cycling and resting regimes. When dividing the steady-state period into 20-min intervals, the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was significantly lower for arm work compared with the resting control situation between 60-80 min (P = 0.04) and 80-100 min (P = 0.01), respectively. Catecholamines increased significantly for arm work and cycling compared with resting regime. Data from heart rate variability (HRV) measurements indicated significant sympathetic activation during repetitive arm work.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that repetitive arm work might acutely promote insulin resistance, whereas no such effect on insulin resistance was produced by dynamic concentric exercise.
authors.affiliation: Department for Studies in Biology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergfors
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barnekow-Bergkvist
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalezic
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lyskov
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D016552:Ergometry / Q000379:methods; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007773:Lactates; D020738:Leptin; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D005947:Glucose; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine