title: New laboratory methods to study tooth surface coverage and interproximal plaque control by dentifrice products.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and test an in vitro tooth model for use in conjunction with laboratory methods to study interproximal effects and efficacy of dentifrices. The application of the model should offer visual evaluation of dentifrice coverage of the tooth surface, and measure dental plaque control at posterior interdental spaces with a dentifrice.
  
  
  METHODS
  The dentifrice products tested with the model were: Colgate Total 2 in 1 Toothpaste and Mouthwash (CTTM), Colgate Total dentifrice (CTD), and Colgate Regular dentifrice (CRD). Extracted human posterior teeth were disinfected, cleaned, aligned, and mounted in denture acrylic. In the area coverage method, tooth surface coverage and penetration of two different forms of dentifrice products (CTTM and CRD) were compared using digital photography. In the interproximal plaque control method, the teeth were coated with human saliva and incubated anaerobically with a mixture of representative oral bacteria for six hours at 37 degrees C. In vitro dental plaque was assessed after brushing the facial surface with one of the three dentifrice products using a clinical plaque scoring index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The area coverage method demonstrated that both dentifrice products tested covered approximately 70% of the facial tooth surface; the CTTM dentifrice coverage on the lingual tooth surface was significantly higher than the coverage for the CRD dentifrice. With the interproximal plaque control method, in the presence of an active ingredient, the CTTM dentifrice had equivalent efficacy to the CTD dentifrice. Both CTTM and CTD were significantly superior to the CRD for interproximal dental plaque control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the developed tooth model, two assessment methods have been shown to have the potential to demonstrate tooth surface coverage, and to assess the potential efficacy of a dentifrice for the control of interproximal dental plaque. This process can indicate potential clinical evaluation of an oral care product, and support clinical findings with controlled evidence.
authors.affiliation: Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA. Tao_Xu@colpal.com
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Herles
authors.forename: Virginia M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Barnes
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D044622:Dental Pellicle / Q000502:physiology; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005459:Fluorides; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008422:Materials Testing; D010781:Photography; D012824:Silicic Acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019228:Tooth Crown / Q000473:pathology; D014099:Toothbrushing; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014260:Triclosan
chemical_list: D045424:Complex Mixtures; D003802:Dentifrices; D014100:Toothpastes; C546060:hydrated silica gel-based toothpaste; D012824:Silicic Acid; D014260:Triclosan; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D005459:Fluorides