title: Serum IL-6, TNFalpha and CRP levels in Greek colorectal cancer patients: prognostic implications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The significance of preoperative serum IL-6, TNFalpha and CRP levels in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. Our intention was to investigate their role and identify their prognostic significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The IL-6, TNFalpha and CRP levels were measured in 74 CRC patients and the relationships between their elevations and both the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of patients were investigated. Serum concentrations of human IL-6 and TNFalpha were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CRP was measured by an immunoturbinometric method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median IL-6, TNFalpha and CRP levels were significantly higher in CRC patients than in normal controls. High levels of serum IL-6, TNFalpha and CRP were correlated with larger tumor size. Furthermore, high IL-6 and high CRP levels were associated with reduced overall survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum IL-6, TNFalpha and CRP levels definitely increase in CRC patients. Pre-operative serum elevation of IL-6 and CRP was thus found to be predictor of the prognosis of CRC patients. The clinical value of TNFalpha in CRC needs to be further investigated.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Propedeutic Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece. nnkit@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Nikolaos I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Nikiteas
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tzanakis
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gazouli
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rallis
authors.forename: Kessaris
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Daniilidis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulos
authors.forename: Alkiviadis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kostakis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peros
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein