title: Involvement of human natural killer cells in asthma pathogenesis: natural killer 2 cells in type 2 cytokine predominance.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  T H 2 cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of human asthma. Natural killer (NK) cells are also thought to divide into NK1 and NK2 subsets.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Whether NK1 or NK2 cells are involved in asthma remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Triple-color flow cytometry for detecting intracellular cytokine and NK cell surface phenotype from asthmatic patients was used. The NK cell cloning and analysis with RT-PCR for cytokine expression and Western blotting for signal transducer and activator of transcription activation were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the first time, we observed that the ratio of IL-4 + CD56 + NK2 cells in PBMCs of 8 asthmatic patients were higher than in healthy individuals. NK cell clones were then obtained by means of limited dilution, and the average mean of the relative intensity of PCR products for type 2 cytokines significantly increased in the asthmatic patients. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6, a key transcript factor of type 2 phenotype, was constitutively activated in NK2 clones from asthmatic patients. We cocultured freshly purified NK cells from asthmatic patients with IFN-gamma and anti-IL-4 antibody in the presence of IL-15 and found that the content of IL-4 + NK2 cells significantly decreased after treatment. Interestingly, NK2-biased status in asthmatic patients was reversed when patients recovered from regular therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the NK2 cell subset is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 443 Huangshan Road, Hefei City, Anhui 230027, China.
authors.forename: Haiming
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jinbo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines