title: Vascular endothelial growth factor: a therapeutic target for tumors of the Ewing's sarcoma family.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have reported previously that intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) is a significant prognostic indicator of event-free survival in the Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT). Here, the angiogenic growth factor expression profile and its relationship with MVD has been investigated in ESFT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using ESFT model systems, the potential of these factors as therapeutic targets has been evaluated. A significant correlation (P = 0.02) was observed between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and MVD, consistent with the hypothesis that VEGF regulates the development of microvessels in ESFT. There was no correlation between MVD and any of the other growth factors studied. All six ESFT cell lines studied produced and secreted VEGF; five of six cell lines also secreted placental growth factor, one cell line (A673) at high levels. Tumor conditioned medium induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Expression of VEGF receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR was heterogeneous across the cell lines. Both receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors SU6668 (targets Flk-1/KDR, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta, and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) and SU5416 (targets Flk-1/KDR) as well as anti-VEGF agents rhuMAb-VEGF (bevacizumab) and VEGF Trap delayed s.c. growth of ESFT in mice compared with untreated groups: SU6668 (100 mg/kg/d), SU5416 (25 mg/kg/d), rhuMAb-VEGF (10 mg/kg twice weekly), and VEGF Trap (2.5 or 25 mg/kg twice weekly).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that VEGF is the single most important regulator of angiogenesis in ESFT and may be exploited for therapeutic advantage.
authors.affiliation: Candlelighter's Children's Cancer Research Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom. s.dalal@cancermed.leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: Surita
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dalal
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Cullinane
authors.forename: D Charles
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Mangham
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grimer
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Laurence
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Burchill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D012512:Sarcoma, Ewing / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases