title: Multi-slice echo-planar spectroscopic MR imaging provides both global and local metabolite measures in multiple sclerosis.
abstract: MR spectroscopy (MRS) provides information about neuronal loss or dysfunction by measuring decreases in N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), a metabolite widely believed to be a marker of neuronal viability. In multiple sclerosis (MS), whole-brain NAA (WBNAA) has been suggested as a marker of disease progression and treatment efficacy in treatment trials, and the ability to measure NAA loss in specific brain regions early in the evolution of this disease may have prognostic value. Most spectroscopic studies to date have been limited to single voxels or nonlocalized measurements of WBNAA only, and longitudinal studies have often been hampered by standardization and reproducibility problems. Multi-slice echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) is presented as a promising alternative to single-voxel or nonlocalized spectroscopy for obtaining global metabolite estimates in MS. In the same session, measurements of metabolites in specific brain areas chosen after image acquisition (e.g., normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), gray matter (GM), and lesions) can be obtained. The identification and exclusion of regions that are inadequate for spectroscopic evaluation in global assessments can significantly improve quality and reproducibility, as demonstrated by a low within-subject variance in healthy controls. The reproducibility of the technique makes it a promising tool for future longitudinal spectroscopic studies of MS.
authors.affiliation: Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. henrikm@magnet.drcmr.dk
authors.forename: Henrik Kahr
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Mathiesen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tscherning
authors.forename: Per Soelberg
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sorensen
authors.forename: Henrik B W
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Egill
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rostrup
authors.forename: Olaf B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Paulson
authors.forename: Lars G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Hanson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002794:Choline / Q000378:metabolism; D003401:Creatine / Q000378:metabolism; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D001224:Aspartic Acid; C000179:N-acetylaspartate; D003401:Creatine; D002794:Choline