title: Food-based recommendations to reduce fat intake: an evidence-based approach to the development of a family-focused child weight management programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop food-based recommendations to lower fat and energy intake for use in a family-focussed weight management programme for 6-9 year old children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Secondary analysis of the 1995 National Nutrition Survey (NNS95) informed the development of food-based recommendations aiming to reduce fat and energy intake. Each recommendation was used to progressively modify a model 3-day high fat dietary intake with the accumulative effect on energy and nutrient intake of each recommendation assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six to nine-year-olds in the NNS95 consuming 35-45% energy as fat (n= 280) consumed more total energy (mean +/- SD, 8671 +/- 2741 vs. 7571 +/- 2328 kJ/day) than children consuming a 'low fat' (23-27% energy as fat, n= 85) diet (P < 0.002). Food-based recommendations found to be most effective for reducing energy and fat intake included; changing to reduced fat milk, reducing intake of cereal-based and snack foods and replacing juice or soft drink with water. These changes, together with avoiding adding fat to vegetables and using sources of lean meat, reduced energy intake by approximately 10%, total fat intake by approximately 30% and saturated fat intake by 53%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Modifying six areas of food choices results in a moderate reduction in fat and energy intake. An eating pattern that is consistent with Australian dietary guidelines and uses foods commonly eaten by children is achievable for children aged 6-9 years. These food-based recommendations provide an evidence-based dietary framework for prevention and management of overweight in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. rebecca.gehling@flinders.edu.au <rebecca.gehling@flinders.edu.au>
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Gehling
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Magarey
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Daniels
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D004034:Diet Surveys; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005190:Family; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000145:classification*; D006801:Humans; D009517:New South Wales; D009765:Obesity / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats