title: Ductographic findings of breast cancer.
abstract: Ductography has become the gold standard for the evaluation of patients exhibiting pathologic nipple discharges. In nine patients (age range, 29-67 years; median age, 51 years) with invasive (n=5) or intraductal (n=4) cancer, ductographic findings were recorded, then correlated with mammographic and sonographic findings. Common ductographic findings included complete ductal obstruction, multiple irregular filling defects in the nondilated peripheral ducts, ductal wall irregularities, periductal contrast extravasation, and ductal displacement. Faint microcalcifications or ill-defined masses, which were not opacified by contrast material, were often discovered adjacent to ductal abnormalities. Mammographically and sonographically occult diffusely spreading intraductal cancers often manifested as pathologic nipple discharge. In such cases, meticulous ductographic examinations and interpretations were crucial in order not to miss breast cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Nariya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Woo Kyung
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Sun Yang
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Joo Hee
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Kyung Soo
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Eun Kyung
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki Keun
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Oh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009558:Nipples / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D016217:Ultrasonography, Mammary