title: An unusual form of autoimmune hepatitis in young Somalian men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Significant diversity in disease severity has been identified for autoimmune disorders among different ethnic groups. Current knowledge of both the natural history and management of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) has been derived from European or Japanese patients, and there is limited information about the disease in patients from other ethnic groups.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical, histological and immunological features of AIH in patients from Somalia and to determine their response to therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of a cohort of young Somalian men with atypical AIH compared with a control group of European patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The six Somalian men were younger at presentation (median age 37 (range 24-59) years) than the seven female and three male European controls (55 (34-54) years, P = 0.06). The Somalians had slightly more severe disease at presentation-median modified Ishak stage of 2.5 compared with 2 in Europeans (P = 0.61) and four (66%) had features of cholestasis compared with only one (10%) European patient (P = 0.04). Therapy with prednisolone and azathioprine was completely effective for eight of 10 Europeans but only one of seven Somalians (P = 0.04). Analysis of human leucocyte antigen types revealed differences between the Somalian and European patients, although these differences did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Somalian men with AIH present with cholestatic features and respond poorly to standard immunosuppressive regimes.
authors.affiliation: Hepatobiliary Group, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Science, Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sinnott
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Glynn
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sabin
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017677:Age Distribution; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019693:Hepatitis, Autoimmune / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012998:Somalia / Q000208:ethnology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*