title: Dental education in India and Japan: implications for U.S. dental programs for foreign-trained dentists.
abstract: An understanding of international dental education systems is critical for the education of foreign-trained dentists in U.S. dental programs. However, there is little information on this topic. This article provides information regarding 1) dental history, 2) dental school system, 3) curriculum/examination at dental school, and 4) dental licensure in India and Japan. There are 185 dental schools in India and twenty-nine in Japan. The number of first-year dental students is 12,872 and 2,647 in India and Japan, respectively. A five-year dental education, which includes 4,035 curriculum hours, leads to the B.D.S. degree in India, whereas a six-year dental education program, which includes 5,060 curriculum hours, leads to the D.D.S. degree in Japan. No undergraduate predental study is needed prior to entry into dental school in both countries. In India, the entrance examination is extremely competitive; however, there is no nationwide licensure examination. In Japan, dental schools use more sophisticated dental materials and equipment in the clinical phases of the curriculum than in India, but there is no clinical examination at the time of graduation. Several implications for U.S. dental programs for foreign-trained dentists with respect to screening applicants and curriculum development are discussed.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of California-San Francisco, 707 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0636, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. tkomabay@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komabayashi
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raghuraman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Raghuraman
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toda
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Sheppard M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bird
mesh_terms: D003479:Curriculum; D004497:Education, Dental; D005551:Foreign Professional Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D038622:Internationality; D007564:Japan; D008005:Licensure, Dental; D012570:School Admission Criteria; D012575:Schools, Dental; D014481:United States