title: Revealing anti-inflammatory mechanisms of soy isoflavones by flow: modulation of leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions.
abstract: The antiatherogenic effects of soy isoflavone consumption have been demonstrated in a variety of studies. However, the mechanisms involved remain poorly defined. Adhesion of monocytes to vascular endothelial cells is a key step within the inflammatory cascade that leads to atherogenesis. Many factors, including the physical forces associated with blood flow, regulate this process. Using an in vitro flow assay, we report that genistein, a principal component of most isoflavone preparations, inhibits monocyte adhesion to cytokine (TNF-alpha)-stimulated human vascular endothelial cells at physiologically relevant concentrations (0-1 microM). This effect is absolutely dependent on flow and is not observed under static conditions. Furthermore, this inhibition was dependent on activation of endothelial peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. No significant role for other reported properties of genistein, including antioxidant effects, inhibition of tyrosine kinases, or activation of estrogen receptors, was observed. Furthermore, the antiadhesive effects of genistein did not occur via modulation of the adhesion molecules E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, or platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1. These data reveal a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism for isoflavones and identify the physical forces associated with blood flow and a critical mediator of this function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 19th St. South, BMR-2, Rm. 307, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: Balu K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Chacko
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: Ameya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mundhekar
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Pruitt
authors.forename: Dennis F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kucik
authors.forename: Dale A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Parks
authors.forename: Christopher G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Kevil
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Rakesh P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001011:Aorta; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000502:physiology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D013025:Glycine max / Q000737:chemistry*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D007529:Isoflavones; D047495:PPAR gamma; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014443:Tyrosine; D019833:Genistein