title: Comparison of cell-based and cell-free protocols for producing target proteins from the Arabidopsis thaliana genome for structural studies.
abstract: We describe a comparative study of protein production from 96 Arabidopsis thaliana open reading frames (ORFs) by cell-based and cell-free protocols. Each target was carried through four pipeline protocols used by the Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics (CESG), one for the production of unlabeled protein to be used in crystallization trials and three for the production of 15N-labeled proteins to be analyzed by 1H-15N NMR correlation spectroscopy. Two of the protocols involved Escherichia coli cell-based and two involved wheat germ cell-free technology. The progress of each target through each of the protocols was followed with all failures and successes noted. Failures were of the following types: ORF not cloned, protein not expressed, low protein yield, no cleavage of fusion protein, insoluble protein, protein not purified, NMR sample too dilute. Those targets that reached the goal of analysis by 1H-15N NMR correlation spectroscopy were scored as HSQC+ (protein folded and suitable for NMR structural analysis), HSQC+/- (protein partially disordered or not in a single stable conformational state), HSQC- (protein unfolded, misfolded, or aggregated and thus unsuitable for NMR structural analysis). Targets were also scored as X- for failing to crystallize and X+ for successful crystallization. The results constitute a rich database for understanding differences between targets and protocols. In general, the wheat germ cell-free platform offers the advantage of greater genome coverage for NMR-based structural proteomics whereas the E. coli platform when successful yields more protein, as currently needed for crystallization trials for X-ray structure determination.
authors.affiliation: Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Aceti
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bingman
authors.forename: Claudia C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Cornilescu
authors.forename: Brian G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Ronnie O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: Won Bae
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Min S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Craig S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Francis C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Mark N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Shahan
authors.forename: Shanteri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Jikui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Hassan K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Sreenath
authors.forename: Ejan M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Tyler
authors.forename: Eldon L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Dmitriy A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Vinarov
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Vojtik
authors.forename: Brian F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Volkman
authors.forename: Russell L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wrobel
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: John L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Markley
mesh_terms: D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002474:Cell-Free System; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D018745:Genome, Plant; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics; D014908:Triticum / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins