title: Neuroanatomic correlates of psychopathologic components of major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) is widely used to measure the severity of depression in mood disorders. Total HDRS score correlates with brain metabolism as measured by fludeoxyglucose F 18 ([(18)F]-FDG) positron emission tomography. The HDRS comprises distinct symptom clusters that may be associated with different patterns of regional brain glucose metabolism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine associations between HDRS component psychopathologic clusters and resting glucose cerebral metabolism assessed by [(18)F]-FDG positron emission tomography. Patients We evaluated 298 drug-free patients who met the DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five principal components were extracted from the 24-item HDRS for all subjects and ProMax rotated: psychic depression, loss of motivated behavior, psychosis, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. The [(18)F]-FDG scans were acquired in a subgroup of 43 drug-free patients in twelve 5-minute frames. Voxel-level correlation maps were generated with HDRS total and factor scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total HDRS score correlated positively with activity in a large bilateral ventral cortical and subcortical region that included limbic, thalamic, and basal ganglia structures. Distinct correlation patterns were found with the 3 individual HDRS factors. Psychic depression correlated positively with metabolism in the cingulate gyrus, thalamus, and basal ganglia. Sleep disturbance correlated positively with metabolism in limbic structures and basal ganglia. Loss of motivated behavior was negatively associated with parietal and superior frontal cortical areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different brain regions correlate with discrete symptom components that compose the overall syndrome of major depression. Future studies should extend knowledge about specific regional networks by identifying responsible neurotransmitters related to specific psychopathologic components of mood disorders.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Department of Neuroscience, NY State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. mm2354@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Matthew S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Milak
authors.forename: Ramin V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Parsey
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keilp
authors.forename: Maria A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Oquendo
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: J John
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008032:Limbic System / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013788:Thalamus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18