title: Analytical monitoring of trinitrotoluene metabolites in urine by GC-MS. Part I. Semiquantitative determination of 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene in human urine.
abstract: A routine procedure for the monitoring of occupational exposure to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) based on the semiquantitative determination of 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4A2,6-DNT) in urine samples by gas chromatography (GC-MS) was developed. For calibration purposes, a standard sample of 4-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene was prepared. Urine samples were collected from munition workers in a military plant in Hradec Kralove district. The samples were extracted into ethyl acetate, and analyzed by GC-MS without previous derivatization. The GC was equipped with a DB1701 column (30 m, 0.25 mm, 0.25 microm) for optimum separation. 4A2,6-DNT was detected at concentrations above the limit of quantitation (0.2 mg/L). This simple method is sufficient for the screening of high degree of TNT exposure and constitutes the first step of a broad project focused on this occupational medicine problem.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, CZ-500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Viktor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vorísek
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pour
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ubik
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Hassmanová
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Korolová
authors.forename: Lukás
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cerveny
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kunes
authors.forename: Vladimír
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Palicka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000652:urine*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; C035207:4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene