title: Balance performance with a cognitive task: a dual-task testing paradigm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Athletic performance demands simultaneous use of cognitive and postural control capabilities. Decrements to both systems have been observed following concussion. This study evaluated a dual-task methodology to establish the tenability of using this testing model in concussed athletes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonconcussed subjects were assessed over 2 d. Subjects were introduced to the task-switching cognitive assessment test and a NeuroCom Smart Balance Master postural control assessment protocol on day 1. In the following session, subjects were evaluated on postural control and cognitive function tests independently (single task), and then concurrently (dual task).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvements were seen in three of the four balance conditions and in three of the four reaction times when the cognitive and balance task were performed simultaneously (P<0.05). No significant balance by cognitive task interaction was revealed (P>0.05); however, significant differences existed in reaction time based on stimulus position and increasing balance demands (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combining the cognitive and balance assessments resulted in healthy subjects showing improved performance when compared with individual task performance. The dual-task methodology brought about systematic changes to reaction time in relation to increasing balance demands. The ability of this protocol to detect changes in postural control or cognitive function following concussive injury requires further study.
authors.affiliation: 1St. Mary's Athletic Training Research and Education Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA. sbroglio@coe.uga.edu
authors.forename: Steven P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Broglio
authors.forename: Phillip D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Tomporowski
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ferrara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001924:Brain Concussion / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D004856:Postural Balance / Q000502:physiology*; D011187:Posture; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis