title: S-phase entry of oligodendrocyte lineage cells is associated with increased levels of p21Cip1.
abstract: The mechanisms regulating the number of myelinating cells in the central nervous system are crucial for both normal development and repair in pathological conditions. Among relevant growth factors involved in this process, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2) induces oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs) to proliferate and stimulates mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) to reenter the S-phase of the cell cycle. S-phase entry is modulated by the formation of complexes between cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), on one hand, and by their interactions with cell cycle inhibitors (e.g., p18INK, p27Kip1, p21Cip1), on the other. Although the roles of cyclin E/CDK2 complexes and the inhibitor p27Kip1 have been extensively investigated relative to proliferation and differentiation in the OL lineage, less is known about the regulation of the formation of cyclin D1/CDK4 complexes and the role of p21Cip1 in these events. In this study, we show that the FGF2-mediated increase in bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into OL progenitors and mature OLs occurs concomitantly with increase in the levels of p21Cip1 and the formation of p21Cip1/cyclin D1/CDK4 ternary complexes. These complexes are functionally active is indicated by the ensuing FGF2-dependent hyperphosphorylation of the downstream target Rb. In untreated mature OLs that do not incorporate BrdU, the levels of p21Cip1 are low, and the level of the inhibitor p18INK is high. Furthermore, p18INK sequesters CDK2 into binary complexes, precluding the formation of p21Cip1/cyclin D1/CDK4 ternary complexes in these cells. Therefore, we propose that p21Cip1 is acting as a positive regulator, rather than an inhibitor, of cell cycle entry by favoring the assembly of active cyclin D1/CDK4 complexes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA. bansal@neuron.uchc.edu
authors.forename: Rashmi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bansal
authors.forename: Mireya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marin-Husstege
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Casaccia-Bonnefil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D016196:S Phase / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C493958:Cdkn1a protein, rat; C493973:Cdkn2c protein, rat; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D019938:Cyclin D1; C495903:Cdk4 protein, rat; D051358:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases