title: Intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report on intraocular pressure (IOP) after intravitreal injections of triamcinolone acetonide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Meta-analysis of previously reported data and case series studies.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 272 patients (305 eyes) receiving an intravitreal injection of approximately 20 mg triamcinolone acetonide as treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema (n = 84 patients), exudative age-related macular degeneration (n = 181 patients), retinal vein occlusions (n = 20 patients), uveitis (n = 9), pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (n = 6), and other reasons (n = 5). Mean follow-up was 10.4+/-6.7 months (median, 7.9 months; range, 3.0-35.7 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  Intravitreal injection of approximately 20 mg triamcinolone acetonide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraocular pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intraocular pressure readings higher than 21 mmHg, 30 mmHg, 35 mmHg, and 40 mmHg, respectively, were measured in 112 (41.2%) patients, 31 (11.4%) patients, 15 (5.5%) patients, and 5 (1.8%) patients, respectively. Triamcinolone-induced IOP elevation was treated by antiglaucoma medication in all but 3 (1.0%) eyes, for which filtering surgery was performed. Mean IOP started to rise 1 week after injection and returned to baseline values approximately 8 to 9 months after injection. Younger age (P = 0.029) was significantly associated with triamcinolone-induced ocular hypertension. Triamcinolone responders and triamcinolone nonresponders did not vary significantly in gender (P = 0.42), refractive error (P = 0.86), diabetes mellitus status (P = 0.74), and reason for treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings may be useful for comparing risks and benefits of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Clinical Medicine Mannheim of the University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Jost.Jonas@augen.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Jost B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jonas
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Degenring
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kreissig
authors.forename: Imren
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akkoyun
authors.forename: Bernd A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kamppeter
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide