title: Ionizing radiation-induced chromosomal rearrangements occur in transcriptionally active regions of the genome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism by which ionizing radiation induces chromosomal rearrangements in mammalian cells has for long been a subject of debate. In order to dissect these events at a molecular level, we have studied the sequences involved in gamma irradiation-induced rearrangements.
  
  
  METHODS
  An inverse polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methodology was used to amplify rearrangements that had occurred between one of four target regions (in or neighbouring the avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homologue (c-MYC), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), or retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) genes) and sequences elsewhere in the genome, following gamma irradiation and subsequent incubation at 37 degrees C of normal human IMR-90 fibroblasts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sequences of 90 such rearrangements, including both inter- and intra-chromosomal events, have been analysed. Sequence motifs (including DNA topoisomerase recognition sites) were not found to be consistently present either at or near rearrangement breakpoint sites. Statistical analysis suggested that there was significantly more homology between the sites of DNA rearrangement breakpoints than would be expected to occur by chance, however, most DNA rearrangements showed little or no homology between the interacting sequences. The rearrangements were shown to predominantly involve transcriptionally active sequences, a finding that may have significant implications for our understanding of radiation-induced carcinogenesis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained are difficult to reconcile with most models for ionizing radiation-induced chromosomal aberration formation, but are consistent with the Transcription-Based model.
authors.affiliation: Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Radiation Oncology Division, Locked Bag No. 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia.
authors.forename: Helen B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Radford
mesh_terms: D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D019457:Chromosome Breakage / Q000235:genetics; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D004247:DNA / Q000528:radiation effects*; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000235:genetics / Q000528:radiation effects; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D005720:Gamma Rays; D015321:Gene Rearrangement / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D004247:DNA; C496353:FGFR2 protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051497:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I