title: In vitro antioxidant activities of antioxidant-enriched toothpastes.
abstract: Several forms of periodontal diseases (PD) are often associated with modified phagocytosing leukocytes and contemporary free radical production. Host antioxidant defenses could benefit from toothpastes used as adjuncts to counteract plaque-associated bacteria. The aim of the present study was to determine possible antioxidant activity (AA) of 12 differently antioxidant-enriched toothpastes, regardless of their efficacy as antimicrobial agents. Toothpastes were enriched alternatively with sodium ascorbyl phosphate, alpha-tocopherol acetate, pycnogenol, allantoin and methyl salycilate or a mixture of these. AA was tested in a cell-free system with a ABTS-decolorization assay improved by means of a flow injection analysis device. Comet assay, using NCTC 2544 keratinocytes, was performed to test if it was possible to identify any protection against in vitro DNA fragmentation provoked by a challenge with H(2)O(2) in cultures pre-incubated with toothpaste extracts. Only toothpastes containing sodium ascorbyl phosphate displayed clear AA with I(50) values ranging between 50 and 80 mg of toothpaste/ml water. COMET analysis of cells challenged with H(2)O(2) in presence of toothpaste extracts revealed a limited protection exerted by sodium ascorbyl phosphate. The results described herein indicate that toothpastes containing sodium ascorbyl phosphate possess AA. All the data were obtained in systems in vitro and the demonstration of in vivo AA is desirable. These findings could be useful in the treatment and maintenance of some forms of PD and should be considered when arranging new toothpaste formulations.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy. m.a.battino@univpm.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Battino
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ferreiro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Armeni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Politi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bompadre
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Massoli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bullon
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020552:Comet Assay; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005404:Fixatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology; D024505:Tocopherols; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005404:Fixatives; D005419:Flavonoids; D016877:Oxidants; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D012459:Salicylates; D014100:Toothpastes; C024070:pycnogenols; D004247:DNA; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; C033069:methyl salicylate; D001205:Ascorbic Acid; D024505:Tocopherols