title: A randomized controlled trial of the value of phenotypic testing in addition to genotypic testing for HIV drug resistance: evaluation of resistance assays (ERA) trial investigators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical utility of phenotypic resistance testing in addition to genotypic resistance testing among HIV-1-infected patients experiencing virologic failure and with limited therapeutic options.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter randomized trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were eligible if a decision had been made to switch antiretroviral therapy, the most recent HIV-1 RNA plasma viral load (VL) exceeded 2000 copies/mL, and the clinician was unable to select a potent regimen of 3 or more drugs without access to a resistance test. Subjects were randomized to genotypic resistance testing alone (G arm) or to genotypic plus phenotypic testing (G + P arm). Patients had access to resistance testing at any time during follow-up (minimum of 1 year) according to the original allocation. The primary end point was change in plasma VL from baseline at 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred eleven patients were recruited between February 2000 and July 2001. At baseline, mean VL and CD4 count were 4.23 log10 copies/mL and 275 cells/mm, respectively, and subjects had previous exposure to a mean of 7.7 antiretroviral drugs. There was no appreciable difference between the study arms in the drug regimens prescribed after randomization. Mean reduction in VL load at 12 months was similar in the 2 arms (G: 1.37 log10 reduction, G + P: 1.28 log10 reduction; P = 0.77), as was the proportion of subjects with VL <50 copies/mL (G: 35%, G + P: 27%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study did not demonstrate added value of phenotypic resistance testing in conjunction with genotypic resistance testing in patients with limited therapeutic options.
authors.affiliation: HIV Division, Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, London, United Kingdom. d.dunn@ctu.mrc.ac.uk
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Loveday
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rinehart
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pillay
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCormack
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Babiker
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Darbyshire
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000821:virology*; D000328:Adult; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D010641:Phenotype; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D006113:United Kingdom; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral