title: Towards quality indicators for assertive outreach programmes for severely impaired substance abusers: concept mapping with Dutch experts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the concept of 'quality of assertive outreach programmes for severely impaired substance abusers' with the aim of developing a conceptual framework as the basis for an assessment instrument.
  
  
  METHODS
  We held a concept-mapping session with 13 experts in 2003. Fifty measurable elements of quality were mentioned and rated in terms of relative importance on a Likert-type response scale. Subsequently, the experts grouped the statements that were similar in content. The resulting concept map and additional interpretation made up the final quality framework. SETTING/STUDY PARTICIPANTS: Theoretical sampling was used to select Dutch managers, team leaders, and service providers from different assertive outreach delivery systems for substance abusers. Variation in both perspective and region was reflected in the sample.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine aspects of quality were formulated: preconditions for care, preconditions for service providers' work, relationship to regular care, service providers' activities and goals, service providers' skills, the role of repression, optimal care for the client, goals of assertive outreach, and nuisance reduction to society. Each aspect was presented using a selection of measurable elements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the experts, optimal assertive outreach depends on a broad range of aspects that were later classified in three regions: structure, process, and outcomes. Saturation of the elements has not been proved so far. Nevertheless, it is promising that the framework's regions are supported by theory and that it is largely in accordance with clients' perspectives on assertive community treatment.
authors.affiliation: Addiction Research Institute Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands. d.p.k.roeg@uvt.nl
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roeg
authors.forename: Ien
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van de Goor
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garretsen
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel; D003159:Community-Institutional Relations; D003210:Concept Formation; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005060:Europe; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000592:standards*; D009426:Netherlands; D010348:Patient Care Team; D016730:Program Development; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care / Q000145:classification*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000592:standards*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000628:therapy*