New recommendations for the energy and nutrient supply of dairy cows and heifers in Germany.
In summary, GfE (2001) give not only a view on energy and nutrient requirements, and the official recommendations for supply in Germany established by the Society of Nutrition Physiology, but also a comprehensive literature review on the particular issues. Some gaps of knowledge on requirements of dairy cows and heifers were identified and the need of further research was determined. The derivation of the new recommendations under consideration of physiological aspects has been demonstrated in the paper.
Flachowsky
Gerhard
G
Institute of Animal Nutrition of the Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Braunschweig, Germany. gerhard.flachowsky@fal.de
Lebzien
Peter
P
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000592:standards*; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000502:physiology*; D008903:Minerals / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008903:Minerals; D014815:Vitamins