title: Scale-up of high shear granulation based on the internal stress measurement.
abstract: Scale-up of wet granulation in a vertical high shear mixer was conducted. Pharmaceutical excipient powders composed of lactose, cornstarch and micro-crystallinecellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose as a binder were mixed together and then granulated with purified water under various operating conditions and vessel scales. A novel internal stress measurement system was developed and stress of normal and tangential directions that granules received from the agitator blade during the granulation was continuously measured. The results indicated that granules received stress mainly from the tangential direction, which also showed the largest value near at the vessel wall. The effects of the agitator tip speed and the centrifugal acceleration on the measured stress was investigated. It was found that the tip speed of the agitator blade could be the main factor for the granule growth. The physical properties such as strength, size distribution and compressibility of granules prepared by changing the operating conditions and the vessel scales were evaluated and the scale-up characteristics of high shear granulation were investigated experimentally. The results showed that these physical properties had linear correlations with the tip speed. It was finally concluded that the scale-up of high shear granulation could be well conducted by means of the tip speed of the agitator blade.
authors.affiliation: Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka. watano@chemeng.osaka-fu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watano
authors.forename: Takumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Yoshifumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osako
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011208:Powders; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D011208:Powders