title: Oral heparin delivery: design and in vivo evaluation of a stomach-targeted mucoadhesive delivery system.
abstract: Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is an agent of choice in the anti-coagulant therapy and prophylaxis of thrombosis and coronary syndromes. However, the therapeutic use is partially limited due to a poor oral bioavailability. It was therefore the aim of this study to design and evaluate a highly efficient stomach-targeted oral delivery system for LMWH. In order to appraise the influence of the molecular weight on the oral bioavailability, mini-tablets comprising 3 kDa (279 IU) and 6 kDa (300 IU) LMWH, respectively, were generated and tested in vivo in rats. The potential of the test formulations based on thiolated polycarbophil, was evaluated in comparison to hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) as control carrier matrix. The plasma levels of LMWH after oral versus subcutaneous administration were determined in order to calculate the relative bioavailability. With the delivery system containing 3 kDa LMWH (279 IU) a relative bioavailability of 19.1% was achieved, offering a significantly (p < 0.05) better bioavailability than the control system displaying a relative bioavailability of 8.1% The 6 kDa LMWH (300 IU) formulation displayed a relative bioavailability of 10.7% in contrast to the control displaying a relative bioavailability of 2.1%. In conclusion, these results suggest that mucoadhesive thiolated polymers are a promising tool for the non-invasive stomach-targeted systemic delivery of LMWH as model for a hydrophilic macromolecular polysaccharide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Innrain 52, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Verena M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Leitner
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernkop-Schnürch
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013607:Tablets; D014014:Tissue Adhesives
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000925:Anticoagulants; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013607:Tablets; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; C030312:calcium polycarbophil; D002482:Cellulose; C002283:hydroxyethylcellulose