title: Predictors of upper extremity discomfort: a longitudinal study of industrial and clerical workers.
abstract: Upper extremity discomfort associated with work activity is common with a prevalence of over 50% in many settings. This study followed a cohort of 501 active workers for an average of 5.4 years. Cases were defined as workers who were asymptomatic or had a low discomfort score of 1 or 2 at baseline testing and went on to report a discomfort score of 4 or above on a 10-point visual analog scale. This change is considered clinically significant. Controls had a low baseline discomfort score and continued to have a low discomfort rating throughout the study. The risk factors found to have the highest predictive value for identifying a person who is likely to develop a significant upper extremity discomfort rating included age over 40, a BMI over 28, a complaint of baseline discomfort, the severity of the baseline discomfort rating and a job that had a high hand activity level (based upon hand repetition and force). The risk profile identified both ergonomic and personal health factors as risks and both factors may be amenable to prevention strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. rawerner@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Werner
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franzblau
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gell
authors.forename: Sheryl S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ulin
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D006804:Ergonomics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D034941:Upper Extremity