title: Testing of the in vitro susceptibilities of Madurella mycetomatis to six antifungal agents by using the Sensititre system in comparison with a viability-based 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5- [(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide (XTT) assay and a modified NCCLS method.
abstract: The in vitro susceptibilities of 36 clinical isolates of Madurella mycetomatis, the prime agent of eumycetoma in Africa, to ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, and flucytosine were determined by the Sensititre YeastOne system. This system appeared to be a rapid and easy test, and by use of hyphal suspensions it generated results comparable to those of a modified NCCLS method. After 10 days of incubation, the antifungal activities of ketoconazole (MIC at which 90% of isolates were inhibited [MIC90], 0.125 microg/ml), itraconazole (MIC90, 0.064 microg/ml), and voriconazole (MIC90, 0.125 microg/ml) appeared superior to those of fluconazole (MIC90, 128 microg/ml) and amphotericin B (MIC90, 1 microg/ml), with MICs in the clinically relevant range. All isolates were resistant to flucytosine (all MICs above 64 microg/ml). Based on the relatively broad range of MICs obtained for the antifungal agents, routine testing of M. mycetomatis isolates for susceptibility to antifungal agents seems to be relevant to adequate therapeutic management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands. w.vandesande@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Wendy W J
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: van de Sande
authors.forename: Ad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Luijendijk
authors.forename: Abdalla O A
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Irma A J M
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Bakker-Woudenberg
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Belkum
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020461:Madurella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C059087:2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-((phenylamino)carbonyl)-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide; D005437:Flucytosine