title: Effects of hypoxic and osmotic stress on the free D-aspartate level in the muscle of blood shell Scapharca broughtonii.
abstract: Blood shell, Scapharca broughtonii, contains large quantities of free D-aspartate comparable to free L-aspartate in its tissues. When the shell was reared in hypoxic seawater, D-aspartate as well as L-aspartate in the foot muscle decreased rapidly, and their total level became about one-fourth within 24 hr. None of the other amino acids examined showed a similar behavior, but many of them rather increased during the same period. The increase in L-alanine was especially remarkable and was almost equal to the sum of the decrease in aspartate enantiomers. When the shell that had been acclimated to hypoxic seawater for 96 hr was transferred to normoxic seawater, all the amino acid levels mostly returned to the control levels within 96 hr. In contrast to these effects of hypoxic stress, hyperosmotic stress of 150% seawater had no effect on the D- and L-aspartate levels in the same tissue. These results suggest that D-aspartate is involved in anaerobic energy metabolism of this bivalve as well as L-aspartate, whose vital role in anoxia-tolerant bivalves is well known.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Ichinoseki National College of Technology, Ichinoseki, Iwate 021-8511, Japan. watataka@ichinoseki.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kera
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000378:metabolism*; D026603:D-Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000378:metabolism*; D009997:Osmotic Pressure
chemical_list: D026603:D-Aspartic Acid