title: Raloxifene pharmacokinetics in males with normal and impaired renal function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare raloxifene pharmacokinetics between renally impaired and healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Raloxifene 120 mg was administered to 10 males with renal impairment (creatinine 2-4 mg dl(-1)) and to 10 healthy males. Data were analysed by two noncompartmental and one compartmental nonlinear regression methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The medians (95% confidence interval) of the area under the curves (AUC) were 35.1 (25.8, 74) and 20.5 (16.8, 28.0) h ng ml(-1) per mg kg(-1), P < 0.01, and of the clearances (CL/F) were 28.5 (13.5, 38.8) and 48.8 (35.8, 59.4) l h(-1) kg(-1), P < 0.01, in renally impaired and healthy subjects, respectively. 95% Confidence intervals on the differences for AUC and CL/F were 6.5-44.1 and -35.1 to -7.9, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to raloxifene was twice as high in males with renal impairment compared with healthy subjects.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Ulm, Division of Nephrology, Ulm, Germany.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Czock
authors.forename: Frieder
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heringa
authors.forename: Franz Maximilian
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rasche
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D003404:Creatinine