title: Comparative genomics enabled the isolation of the R3a late blight resistance gene in potato.
abstract: Comparative genomics provides a tool to utilize the exponentially increasing sequence information from model plants to clone agronomically important genes from less studied crop species. Plant disease resistance (R) loci frequently lack synteny between related species of cereals and crucifers but appear to be positionally well conserved in the Solanaceae. In this report, we adopted a local RGA approach using genomic information from the model Solanaceous plant tomato to isolate R3a, a potato gene that confers race-specific resistance to the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. R3a is a member of the R3 complex locus on chromosome 11. Comparative analyses of the R3 complex locus with the corresponding I2 complex locus in tomato suggest that this is an ancient locus involved in plant innate immunity against oomycete and fungal pathogens. However, the R3 complex locus has evolved after divergence from tomato and the locus has experienced a significant expansion in potato without disruption of the flanking colinearity. This expansion has resulted in an increase in the number of R genes and in functional diversification, which has probably been driven by the co-evolutionary history between P. infestans and its host potato. Constitutive expression was observed for the R3a gene, as well as some of its paralogues whose functions remain unknown.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Department of Plant Sciences, Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Binnenhaven 5, 6709 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sanwen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Edwin A G
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: van der Vossen
authors.forename: Hanhui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuang
authors.forename: Vivianne G A A
authors.initials: VG
authors.lastname: Vleeshouwers
authors.forename: Ningwen
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Theo J A
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Borm
authors.forename: Herman J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: van Eck
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Evert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Richard G F
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Visser
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D005819:Genetic Markers; D023281:Genomics; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000235:genetics; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000502:physiology; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D010940:Plant Proteins