title: [Spectrum, incidence and prognostic value of systemic manifestations in chronic hepatitis C of low activity].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the incidence and prognostic significance of extrahepatic manifestations of chronic HCV-infection with low activity of hepatic process and to specify treatment policy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two patients with low-active chronic hepatitis C (CHC) entered the study. Blood samples from all the patients were studied clinically, biochemically, immunologically and virusologically. In 58 patients the diagnosis was confirmed morphologically (liver tissue).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systemic manifestations of CHC were observed in 23 (37.1%) patients, in 12 of them they were associated with cryoglobulinemia. Most frequent was cryoglobulinemic vasculitis with skin (12.9%) and joint (9.7%) involvement, cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (11.3%), arthralgia without association with cryoglobulinemia (11.3%). Independent risk factors for development of systemic disorders in CHC of low activity comprised female gender, age over 45, the disease duration and presence of cryoglobulinemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHC of low activity is characterized by high occurrence of systemic manifestations primarily associated with cryoglobulinemia. Renal affection with development of cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis is most prognostically significant.
authors.forename: S Iu
authors.initials: SIu
authors.lastname: Karpov
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Krel'
authors.forename: T n
authors.initials: Tn
authors.lastname: Lopatkina
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Krasnova
authors.forename: S Iu
authors.initials: SIu
authors.lastname: Milovanova
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Nekrasova
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000453:epidemiology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index