title: Gaze-dependent and time-restricted visual acuity measures in patients with Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome (INS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a new method of measuring visual function in patients with INS by demonstrating the effects of eccentric gaze and forced time restriction on optotype recognition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional, comparative case-series.
  
  
  METHODS
  No-time-restricted acuity (NTRA) and time-restricted acuity (TRA) for 19 patients and 18 controls were measured at multiple horizontal gaze angles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  INS patients showed a significant lower visual acuity than controls (P < 0.0001). The TRA were significantly decreased in most gaze positions relative to NTRA in INS patients (P = 0.03) while there were no difference among controls. About half of the INS patients showed that their best visual acuity was gaze dependent, matching the preferred head posture in both NRTA and TRA paradigms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gaze-dependent visual acuity tested with and without time restriction may be a useful measure of visual function in INS patients and could be used in interventional clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. yangd@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Hertle
authors.forename: Vanessa M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Deana J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020417:Nystagmus, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture; D012438:Saccades / Q000502:physiology*; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors; D014787:Vision Tests / Q000379:methods; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*