title: Hyperglycemia is an important predictor of impaired coronary flow before reperfusion therapy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate whether elevated glucose is associated with impaired Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Reperfusion before primary PCI in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is associated with an improved outcome. Hyperglycemia in patients with STEMI is associated with an adverse prognosis. Hyperglycemia may induce a pro-thrombotic state and therefore be of influence on TIMI flow before PCI.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 460 consecutive patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI were included in this analysis. Hyperglycemia was defined as a glucose > or =7.8 mmol/l (140 mg/dl).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperglycemia was observed in 70% and TIMI flow grade 3 before primary PCI in 17% of the patients. Patients with hyperglycemia less often had TIMI flow grade 3 before primary PCI (12% vs. 28%, p < 0.001). After adjustment for differences in baseline variables, hyperglycemia was a strong predictor of absence of reperfusion before primary PCI (odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 4.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperglycemia in patients with STEMI is an important predictor of impaired epicardial flow before reperfusion therapy has been initiated. Investigation of methods improving coronary flow before primary PCI in these patients is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Isala Klinieken, locatie Weezenlanden, Groot Wezenland 20, 8011 JW Zwolle, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Jorik R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Timmer
authors.forename: Jan Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ottervanger
authors.forename: Menko-Jan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Jan-Henk E
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dambrink
authors.forename: Jan C A
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hoorntje
authors.forename: A T Marcel
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Gosselink
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suryapranata
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: Arnoud W J
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: van 't Hof
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000077466:Tirofiban; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D014443:Tyrosine; D000077466:Tirofiban