title: Direct determination of five fluoroquinolones in chicken whole blood and in veterinary drugs by HPLC.
abstract: A direct, accurate, and sensitive chromatographic analytical method for the quantitative determination of five fluoroquinolones (enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin) in chicken whole blood is proposed in the present study. For quantitative determination lamotrigine was used as internal standard at a concentration of 20 ng/microL. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of enrofloxacin, as the main component of commercially available veterinary drugs. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics were separated on an Inertsil (250 x 4 mm) C8, 5 microm, analytical column, at ambient temperature. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of citric acid (0.4 mol L(-1))-CH3OH-CH3CN (87:9:4% v/v) leading to retention times less than 14 min, at a flow rate 1.4 mL min(-1). UV detection at 275 nm provided limits of detection of 2 ng/mL per 20 microL injected volume for enoxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, 0.4 ng/mL for ofloxacin, and 4 ng/mL for enrofloxacin. Preparation of chicken blood samples is based on the deproteinization with acetonitrile while the pharmaceutical drug was simply diluted with water. Peaks of examined analytes in real samples were identified by means of a photodiode array detector. The method was validated in terms of within-day (n=6) precision and accuracy after chicken whole blood sample deproteinization by CH3CN. Using 50 microL of chicken blood sample, recovery rates at fortification levels of 40, 60, and 80 ng ranged from 86.7% to 103.7%. The applicability of the method was evaluated using real samples from chicken under fluoroquinolone treatment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Victoria F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Samanidou
authors.forename: Eleni A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.forename: Ioannis N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Papadoyannis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000097:blood*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D019155:Veterinary Drugs