title: Lopinavir/ritonavir combination and total/HDL cholesterol ratio.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the evolution of the lipidic profile among LPV/r treated patients in a 'real life' situation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lipids measurements at LPV/r initiation time and every 3 months, and pharmacological measurements at M3 and M6 were collected retrospectively in 142 patients attending our clinic. Dyslipidaemia was defined as total cholesterol > or =6.2 mmol/l, HDL-cholesterol > or =1 mmol/l, total/HDL-cholesterol ratio > or =6.5 and triglycerides > or =2.3 mmol/l.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-nine percent of patients had previously received a regimen with protease inhibitors, 4% were treatment naive. At baseline, 17% of patients had high total cholesterol, 49% high triglycerides, 63% low HDL-cholesterol, 25% a high total/HDL-cholesterol ratio. At M12, the mean HDL-cholesterol increase per patient was 21%. Lipids levels significantly increased over the study period, as early as the 3rd month (6th month for ratio) and continuously until the 12th month. Among the patients with available LPV/r plasma determinations at M3, a higher lopinavir residual concentration was observed in those with high triglycerides (6.78 vs 3.02 mg/l, p = 0.05) as, at M6, in those with an elevated ratio (9.19 vs 0.96 mg/l, p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Those results suggest that LPV/r may induce a significant rise in the total/HDL-cholesterol ratio, despite an increase in HDL-cholesterol levels. The association between triglycerides and total/HDL-cholesterol ratio elevated levels and high residual concentrations of lopinavir may also argue for systematic drug monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Hôpital de l'Archet I, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Route de Saint Antoine de Ginestière, BP 3079-06202 Nice Cedex 3, France.
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Valerio
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fontas
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pradier
authors.forename: Thibaud
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lavrut
authors.forename: Rodolphe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Garraffo
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dunais
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cua
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dellamonica
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000139:chemically induced*; D061466:Lopinavir; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011744:Pyrimidinones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019438:Ritonavir / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D011744:Pyrimidinones; D061466:Lopinavir; D002784:Cholesterol; D019438:Ritonavir