title: Fluorescent metal ion indicators based on benzoannelated crown systems: a green fluorescent indicator for intracellular sodium ions.
abstract: The synthesis and metal binding properties of cation-sensitive fluorescent indicators intended for biological applications are described. The increase of the crown ether ring size enhances the affinity for larger cations, but weakens the fluorescent response and selectivity. A compound having a 15-crown-5 chelator directly attached to a 2,7-difluoroxanthenone fluorophore loads into live cells and responds to sodium ion concentration changes with large fluorescence increases in the visible wavelength range.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Probes Invitrogen Detection Technologies, 29851 Willow Creek Road, Eugene, OR 97402, USA.
authors.forename: Vladimir V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Anca
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rothe
authors.forename: Kyle R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Gee
mesh_terms: D001565:Benzoates / Q000737:chemistry; D001665:Binding Sites; D002412:Cations; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000737:chemistry*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D002412:Cations; D002614:Chelating Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008670:Metals; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D012964:Sodium