title: Reliable manual segmentation of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes on magnetic resonance images of healthy subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is a challenge to reliably measure the lobar volumes from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Description of a landmark-based method for volumetric segmentation of the brain into the four cerebral lobes from MR images.
  
  
  METHODS
  The segmentation method relies on a combination of anatomical landmarks and geometrical definitions. The first step, described previously, is a segmentation of the four lobes on the surface of the brain. The internal borders between the lobes are defined on the axial slices of the brain. The intra- and inter- rater reliability was determined from the MRI scans of a group of 10 healthy control subjects measured by 2 independent raters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intra-rater relative error (and intra-class correlation coefficient) of the lobar volume measures ranged from 0.81% to 3.85% (from 0.97 to 0.99). The inter-rater relative error (and intra-class correlation coefficient) ranged from 0.55% to 3.09% (from 0.94 to 0.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This technique has been shown to have high intra- and inter-rater reliability. The current method provides a method to obtain volumetric estimates of the 4 cerebral lobes.
authors.affiliation: Dementia and Neuro-imaging Research Section, Alzheimer's Memorial Center and Geriatric Psychiatry Branch, Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstr. 7, Station D2, 80336 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Arun L W
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bokde
authors.forename: Stefan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Teipel
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Gerda
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leinsinger
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Buerger
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moeller
authors.forename: Hans-Juergen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Möller
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009778:Occipital Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000033:anatomy & histology