title: Nausea, gastroparesis, and aerophagia.
abstract: Nausea, gastroparesis, and aerophagia are gastrointestinal phenomena that have variable impact on affected patients. The causes of nausea are varied; treatment of these conditions relates to the underlying etiology. Antiemetic agents acting on several distinct receptor subtypes produce benefits in distinct patient subsets. Gastroparesis is characterized by delays in gastric emptying, usually defined scintigraphically. Standard care of gastroparesis relies on dietary modification, antiemetic drug therapy, and initiation of medications that stimulate gastric motor activity. Recent advances include pyloric injection of botulinum toxin and surgical implantation of an electrical neurostimulator. Other surgical therapies are reserved for refractory cases. Aerophagia presents in individuals of normal and impaired cognitive function, most commonly with symptoms of overdistension or eructation. There are no pharmaceutical remedies for this condition; thus, therapy relies on behavioral treatments.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. whasler@umich.edu
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Hasler
mesh_terms: D000334:Aerophagy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009325:Nausea / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D000932:Antiemetics; D001905:Botulinum Toxins