title: Symptom profile of multiple chemical sensitivity in actual life.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was conducted to confirm the definition of multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) in actual life: that multiple symptoms are provoked in multiple organs by exposure to, and ameliorated by avoidance of, multiple chemicals at low levels. We used the Ecological Momentary Assessment to monitor everyday symptoms and the active sampling and passive sampling methods to measure environmental chemical exposure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen patients with MCS, diagnosed according to the 1999 consensus criteria, and 12 healthy controls participated in this study. Fourteen patients and 12 controls underwent 1-week measurement of physical and psychologic symptoms and of the levels of exposure to various chemicals. Linear mixed models were used to test the hypotheses regarding the symptom profile of MCS patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Some causative chemicals were detected in 11 of 14 MCS patients. Two other patients did not report any hypersensitivity episodes, whereas passive sampling showed far less exposure to chemicals than control subjects. Another subject reported episodic symptoms but was excluded from the following analyses because no possible chemical was detected. Eleven of the 17 physical symptoms and all four mood subscales examined were significantly aggravated in the interview based on "patient-initiated symptom prompts." On the other hand, there were no differences in physical symptoms or mood subscales between MCS patients and control subjects in the interview based on "random prompts."
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MCS patients do not have either somatic or psychologic symptoms under chemical-free conditions, and symptoms may be provoked only when exposed to chemicals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumano
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshiuchi
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Naohide
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Kou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakabe
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Tomifusa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuboki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D015897:Comorbidity; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D018777:Multiple Chemical Sensitivity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D009626:Terminology as Topic