title: Contributions of amygdala and striatal activity in emotion regulation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emotional information can facilitate or interfere with cognitive processes. In this study, we examined the influence of emotional information in biasing performance and the biological basis underlying this influence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten human subjects (five female) were scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing an emotional go/nogo task.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were slower to approach fearful target expressions and had more difficulty avoiding happy nontarget expressions. The amygdala was recruited most for negative emotional context, and activity in this region was positively correlated with response time when detecting negative expressions. Increased signal in the right caudate nucleus was observed when avoiding nontargets and was negatively correlated with the number of false alarms subjects made.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emotional context can alter behavioral and biological responses when approaching or avoiding a stimulus. We showed that recruitment of the amygdala, a region implicated in evaluating emotional significance, was associated with longer response latencies when approaching negative information, whereas recruitment of the caudate nucleus, a structure previously implicated in reward and impulse control, was most active when avoiding positive information. Our findings have significant implications for exaggerated and inhibited emotional responses that are characteristic of a number of psychiatric disorders.
authors.affiliation: Sackler Institute, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, NY 10021, USA. toh2003@med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.forename: Nim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tottenham
authors.forename: Matthew C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Glover
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Casey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010775:Photic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen