title: A methodology for testing the erosive potential of sports drinks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to develop and test a methodology in situ, which simulated the consumption of sports drinks. A secondary aim was to assess the acceptability of the method to sedentary participants.
  
  
  METHODS
  To select the sports drink for the study in situ, five commercially available sports drinks were examined for erosive potential in vitro. The study in situ was a single centre, 2-period, 2-treatment crossover study to compare the erosive effect of a commercially available sports drink (Test), with that of mineral water (Control), over 10 day periods on 10 healthy volunteers. Subjects wore upper removable appliances containing two human enamel specimens from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. The regimen of intake of the drinks was 350 ml in 10, 5-min rest, 650 ml in 25, 5-min rest, 500 ml in 10 and 5-min rest. Measurements of enamel loss were made on samples after 5 and 10 days by profilometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The in situ study showed a statistically significant difference in erosive potential between the test and control beverages. No specimen exposed to the control beverage displayed appreciable erosion. Erosion occurred with the test drink, but to a variable degree between subjects. The subjects unanimously found the drinking regimen unpleasant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sports drink caused significantly more erosion in situ than water and as seen in other studies, there was marked variation in susceptibility to erosion between subjects. The new drinking regimen was designed to simulate pre, during and post-exercise intake. Although all the sedentary subjects participating in this study reported that they found the volume of fluids consumed over a short period of time excessive it is unlikely that this would prove problematic in the exercise environment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral and Dental Science, Bristol Dental Hospital, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LY, UK. susan.hooper@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Addy
authors.forename: N X
authors.initials: NX
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000145:classification; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D004326:Drinking; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008900:Mineral Waters; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013177:Sports; D013997:Time Factors; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008900:Mineral Waters; C011259:gatorade