title: A phase 2 clinical trial of metformin as a treatment for non-diabetic paediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are insulin-resistant and metformin has been proposed as a potential therapy. However, paediatric safety and efficacy data are absent.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that metformin therapy will safely improve markers of liver disease in paediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-arm open-label pilot study of metformin 500 mg twice daily for 24 weeks in non-diabetic children with biopsy-proven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten obese children (mean body mass index 30.4) enrolled and completed the trial. Mean alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) improved significantly (P < 0.01) from baseline (184, 114 U/L) to end of treatment (98, 68 U/L). Alanine aminotransferase normalized in 40% and AST normalized in 50% of subjects. Children demonstrated significant improvements in liver fat measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (30-23%, P < 0.01); insulin sensitivity measured by quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (0.294-0.310, P < 0.05); and quality of life measured by pediatric quality of life inventory 4.0 (69-81, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open-label treatment with metformin for 24 weeks was notable for improvement in liver chemistry, liver fat, insulin sensitivity and quality of life. A large randomized-controlled trial is needed to definitively determine the efficacy of metformin for paediatric non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California, San Diedo School of Medicine, CA 92103-8450, USA. jschwimmer@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Schwimmer
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Middleton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Deutsch
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lavine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008687:Metformin