title: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells express a restricted set of functionally active chemokine receptors capable of promoting migration to pancreatic islets.
abstract: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are stromal cells with the ability to proliferate and differentiate into many tissues. Although they represent powerful tools for several therapeutic settings, mechanisms regulating their migration to peripheral tissues are still unknown. Here, we report chemokine receptor expression on human BM-MSCs and their role in mediating migration to tissues. A minority of BM-MSCs (2% to 25%) expressed a restricted set of chemokine receptors (CXC receptor 4 [CXCR4], CX3C receptor 1 [CX3CR1], CXCR6, CC chemokine receptor 1 [CCR1], CCR7) and, accordingly, showed appreciable chemotactic migration in response to the chemokines CXC ligand 12 (CXCL12), CX3CL1, CXCL16, CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), and CCL19. Using human pancreatic islets as an in vitro model of peripheral tissue, we showed that islet supernatants released factors able to attract BM-MSCs in vitro, and this attraction was principally mediated by CX3CL1 and CXCL12. Moreover, cells with features of BM-MSCs were detected within the pancreatic islets of mice injected with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive BM. A population of bona fide MSCs that also expressed CXCR4, CXCR6, CCR1, and CCR7 could be isolated from normal adult human pancreas. This study defines the chemokine receptor repertoire of human BM-MSCs that determines their migratory activity. Modulation of homing capacity may be instrumental for harnessing the therapeutic potential of BM-MSCs.
authors.affiliation: Telethon-Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Center for Beta Cell Replacement, H. S. Raffaele-Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, and Renal Pathophysiology Laboratory, Division of Medicine, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Valeria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sordi
authors.forename: Maria Luisa
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Malosio
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marchesi
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mercalli
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Melzi
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Giordano
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Belmonte
authors.forename: Giuliana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Biagio Eugenio
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bertuzzi
authors.forename: Gianpaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zerbini
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Allavena
authors.forename: Ezio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bonifacio
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Piemonti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000166:cytology*; D008297:Male; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018925:Chemokines; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D004247:DNA