title: A strategy for early detection of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma following initial remission by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find a better surveillance method in detecting recurrent HCCs, patterns of recurrences following initial remission by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 235 consecutive HCC patients who underwent TACE, 69 with initial remission were followed for >12 months. We compared the recurrence rates according to the characteristics of original HCCs and analyzed the locations of recurrent HCCs. We also evaluated the diagnostic efficacies of CT scan with serum AFP, angiography and Lipiodol CT scan in detecting recurrent HCCs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 37 of 69, recurrent HCCs were detected after a median period of 17 months. Multinodular HCCs recurred more frequently than single-nodular HCCs. All of 5 patients with portal vein thrombosis recurred. Although 46% of recurrences were adjacent to original tumors, 62% were separated from them (8% at both). HCC with heterogeneous lipiodol uptake frequently recurred adjacent to original tumors. Only 18 of 37 recurrent HCCs were initially detected by serum AFP and CT scans; 17 by angiography, 2 only by lipiodol CT scan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular angiography may be valuable in detecting recurrent HCCs, especially in multinodular HCC. HCC with heterogeneous lipiodol uptake should be treated in combination with local ablation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. yhchung@www.amc.seoul.kr
authors.forename: Young-Hwa
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007459:Iodized Oil; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012074:Remission Induction; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D007459:Iodized Oil