The GC-MS detection and characterization of neopine resulting from opium use and codeine metabolism and its potential as an opiate-product-use marker.
Neopine, a minor opium alkaloid and an isomer of codeine (also known as beta-codeine), has been detected in both the urine of opium users and pharmaceutical codeine users. The characterization of neopine was achieved by comparison of the mass spectra and GC retention times of the trimethylsilyl derivative. The presence of neopine in the urine of pharmaceutical codeine users was attributed to the metabolism of codeine through a double bond migration in ring C, from the 7-8 to the 8-14 position. The potential use of the alkaloid as a confirmation marker of opium and/or pharmaceutical codeine use and the ability to differentiate these from heroin use has been discussed.
Al-Amri
Abdel M
AM
Sharjah Police Forensic Science Laboratory, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. alamri98@emirates.net.ae
Smith
Roger M
RM
El-Haj
Babiker M
BM
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000737:chemistry; D003061:Codeine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006853:Hydrocodone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009892:Opium / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000652:urine
D015415:Biomarkers; D006853:Hydrocodone; D009892:Opium; C516599:neopine; D003061:Codeine