title: Racial variations in location and risk of intracerebral hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) vary by location. Incidence rates of ICH are known to be higher in American blacks than whites, but how rates may differ by hemorrhage location is unknown. We sought to define incidence rates for different ICH locations in a biracial population.
  
  
  METHODS
  All hospitalized patients age > or =20 years with spontaneous ICH were identified in the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky metropolitan area from May 1998 to July 2001 and August 2002 to April 2003. Incidence rates per 100,000 persons were age, sex, and race adjusted as appropriate to the 2000 US population. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated from unadjusted incidence rates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 1038 qualifying ICHs. Annual incidence rates per 100,000 persons > or =20 years of age were 48.9 for blacks and 26.6 for whites. Annual incidence rates per 100,000 blacks in lobar, deep cerebral, brain stem, and cerebellar locations were 15.2, 25.7, 5.1, and 2.9, respectively. Annual incidence rates per 100,000 whites in the same locations were 9.4, 13.0, 1.3, and 2.9. The greatest excess risk of ICH in blacks compared with whites was found among young to middle-aged (35 to 54 years) persons with brain stem (RR, 9.8; 95% CI, 4.2 to 23.0) and deep cerebral (RR, 4.5; 3.0 to 6.8) hemorrhage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The excess risk of ICH in American blacks is largely attributable to higher hemorrhage rates in young and middle-aged persons, particularly for deep cerebral and brain stem locations. Hypertension is the predominant risk factor for hemorrhages in these locations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Ohio 45267-0525, USA. matthew.flaherty@uc.edu
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Flaherty
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haverbusch
authors.forename: Padmini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sekar
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Khoury
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sauerbeck
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Moomaw
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Brett
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kissela
authors.forename: Dawn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kleindorfer
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Broderick
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American