Cigarette smoke alters human vitamin E requirements.
Vitamin E is a lipophilic chain-breaking antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation. Although cigarette smoke is a potent source of oxidative stress that depletes vitamin E in vitro, it is unclear whether it has a similar effect in vivo, particularly in humans. Therefore, this review will discuss the role of cigarette smoke on gamma-tocopherol (gamma-T) nitration, its effect on alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) biokinetics in smokers, and the changes in the synthesis, plasma concentrations, and urinary excretion of the vitamin E metabolite (CEHC; carboxy-ethyl-hydroxy-chroman). Last, the possibility of CEHC as a biomarker of vitamin E status will be assessed as will the question whether smokers have increased dietary requirements of vitamin E.
Bruno
Richard S
RS
Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Traber
Maret G
MG
D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014810:Vitamin E
D014810:Vitamin E