title: IGF-I and IGFBP-3 polymorphisms and risk of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a potent mitogen for both normal and malignant prostate epithelial cells. The majority of circulating IGF-I is bound in a complex with IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), which in turn limits IGF-I bioavailability. Multiple studies suggest that higher IGF-I and/or lower IGFBP-3 serum levels are positively associated with prostate cancer risk. Several polymorphisms within the IGF-I and IGFBP-3 coding regions have been associated with increased serum protein levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  To ascertain the potential relationship between serum levels and polymorphism, and prostate cancer risk, we investigated the role of two polymorphisms the IGF-I cytosine-adenosine (CA)-repeat and the IGFBP-3 Ala32Gly, and prostate cancer in a population-based, case-control, study of middle-aged men.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found no significant association between the IGFBP-3 Ala32Gly polymorphism and prostate cancer risk, even though the presence of at least one Gly allele did correlate with increased serum levels of IGFBP-3. For IGF-I, more controls (42%) than cases (38%) were homozygous for 19-CA-repeats (odds ratio, OR = 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66-1.09). After stratifying by disease characteristics, 19-CA-repeat homozygous men displayed a decreased risk of low-grade disease (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.27-0.93), but no associations were observed with more aggressive features of disease. Additionally, there was no correlation between mean serum IGF-I protein levels and IGF-I genotype in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further evaluation of the IGF-I CA-repeat polymorphism and prostate cancer is necessary to determine if the modest risk reduction associated with the 19-CA-repeat homozygous state is observed in other study populations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Research and Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
authors.forename: Danielle M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Friedrichsen
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hawley
authors.forename: Jainfen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shu
authors.forename: Mariela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sabacan
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Etzioni
authors.forename: Elaine A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Ostrander
authors.forename: Janet L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Stanford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018900:Dinucleotide Repeats; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I