title: French national sentinel survey of antiretroviral drug resistance in patients with HIV-1 primary infection and in antiretroviral-naive chronically infected patients in 2001-2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To survey the frequency of genotypic antiretroviral resistance and the spread of non-B subtypes in patients with primary HIV-1 infection (2001-2002) and in treatment-naive chronically HIV-1-infected patients (2001).
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma samples from 303 patients with acute HIV-1 infection (Primo study) and 363 treatment-naive patients with chronic HIV-1 infection (Odyssee study) were tested for genotypic resistance. Resistance mutations were identified from the International AIDS Society Resistance Testing-USA panel and resistant viruses were defined according to the French Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le SIDA (ANRS) resistance algorithm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the Primo study, 14% of the patients had viruses with resistance mutations and 12% of patients had viruses with mutations conferring resistance to least 1 antiretroviral drug. Thirty patients had viruses with mutations to at least 1 antiretroviral drug in a single pharmacologic class. Six patients were infected by viruses resistant to 2 or 3 classes of drugs. In the Odyssee study, the prevalence of reverse transcript (RT) associated and major protease inhibitor-associated mutations was 6.1% (95% CI: 3.6-8.6). Six patients had viruses resistant to at least 1 antiretroviral drug and 3 patients had viruses resistant to 2 classes of antiretroviral drugs. Twenty-four percent of acutely infected patients harbored non-B subtype strains (19% in 1999-2000) and 33.2% of chronically infected patients (10% in 1998; P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In France, the frequency of HIV-1 resistance in untreated patients was not significantly higher in 2001-2002 than in previous surveys while the prevalence of non-B subtypes is increasing.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Virologie, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France. diane.descamps@bch.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Descamps
authors.forename: Marie-Laure
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chaix
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brodard
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cottalorda
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deveau
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Harzic
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ingrand
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Izopet
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kohli
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Masquelier
authors.forename: Said
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mouajjah
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pellegrin
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Plantier
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poggi
authors.forename: Sylvie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rogez
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruffault
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Signori-Schmück
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tamalet
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wirden
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rouzioux
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Brun-Vezinet
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Costagliola
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000208:Acute Disease; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009313:National Health Programs; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral