title: Transcriptional maps of 10 human chromosomes at 5-nucleotide resolution.
abstract: Sites of transcription of polyadenylated and nonpolyadenylated RNAs for 10 human chromosomes were mapped at 5-base pair resolution in eight cell lines. Unannotated, nonpolyadenylated transcripts comprise the major proportion of the transcriptional output of the human genome. Of all transcribed sequences, 19.4, 43.7, and 36.9% were observed to be polyadenylated, nonpolyadenylated, and bimorphic, respectively. Half of all transcribed sequences are found only in the nucleus and for the most part are unannotated. Overall, the transcribed portions of the human genome are predominantly composed of interlaced networks of both poly A+ and poly A- annotated transcripts and unannotated transcripts of unknown function. This organization has important implications for interpreting genotype-phenotype associations, regulation of gene expression, and the definition of a gene.
authors.affiliation: Affymetrix Inc., Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA.
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kapranov
authors.forename: Jorg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drenkow
authors.forename: Sujit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dike
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brubaker
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Hari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tammana
authors.forename: Gregg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Helt
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sementchenko
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piccolboni
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bekiranov
authors.forename: Dione K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Madhavan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganesh
authors.forename: Srinka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Daniela S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Gerhard
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Gingeras
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000235:genetics*; D002882:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 / Q000235:genetics; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 / Q000235:genetics; D002888:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 / Q000235:genetics; D002890:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 / Q000235:genetics; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 / Q000235:genetics; D002892:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 / Q000235:genetics; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 / Q000235:genetics; D002897:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7 / Q000235:genetics; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y / Q000235:genetics; D019295:Computational Biology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D015894:Genome, Human; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020161:Physical Chromosome Mapping; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D021901:DNA, Intergenic; D012333:RNA, Messenger