title: Exposure of orbital implants wrapped with polyester-urethane after enucleation for advanced retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enucleation is the main form of treatment for advanced retinoblastoma. The major complication of this procedure is orbital implant exposure. Different implants and wrapping materials are currently in use. The aim of the current study was to analyze the complications associated with the use of polyester-urethane, an artificial dura substitute, as a wrapping material for enucleation in advanced retinoblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 32 cases (28 patients), who were treated with enucleation for advanced retinoblastoma, was performed. The age of the patients ranged between 3 months and 6.7 years (median, 19 months). Additional chemotherapy was administered in 12 cases. The removed eyeball was replaced either with a silicone implant and polyester-urethane wrapping (13 cases) or hydroxyapatite, silicone-hydroxyapatite, or polyethylene implants without additional wrappings (19 cases). The follow-up period ranged from 7 months to 5.9 years (median, 22.4 months). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Single or multiple exposures occurred in 22% of cases (7/32). There were 6 exposures (46%, 6/13) in the group with polyester-urethane wrapping compared with only 1 exposure (5%, 1/19) in the implants without wrapping. This difference was statistically significant (p=0.0236). None of the other analyzed factors (additional chemotherapy, surgeon, age of the patient, or size of the implant) demonstrated a significant correlation to implant exposures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wrapping of orbital implants with polyester-urethane resulted in a high rate of implant exposures after enucleation for advanced retinoblastoma. In this series, the best results were achieved with integrated implants without additional wrapping.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany. heinrich.heimann@charite.de
authors.forename: Heinrich
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heimann
authors.forename: Nikolaos E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Bechrakis
authors.forename: Luz C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Zepeda
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Coupland
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hellmich
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Foerster
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D017886:Durapatite; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D009915:Orbit / Q000601:surgery; D020273:Orbital Implants; D011091:Polyesters; D020959:Polyethylene; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012086:Reoperation; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014520:Urethane
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D011091:Polyesters; D014520:Urethane; D020959:Polyethylene; D017886:Durapatite