title: Retroperitoneal pyelolithotomy for management of renal calculi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the role of retroperitoneoscopic pyelolithotomy in the management of renal calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-six cases (male, 27; female, 29) of solitary or multiple renal calculi were evaluated in the study. There were 46 patients with a single calculus, 4 patients with a staghorn calculus, and 6 with a caliceal calculus. Retroperitoneoscopic pyelolithotomy was carried out after creating a retroperitoneal space with the balloon dissection method. Pneumoretroperitoneum was maintained by carbon dioxide insufflation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stone clearance was achieved in all cases barring 2 cases of caliceal calculi that were converted to the open procedure. The postoperative hospital stay averaged 4 days. Patients were ambulatory within 24 hours and back to work within 7 days on average. Complications encountered were peritoneal rent, subcutaneous emphysema, and superficial wound infection. The postoperative analgesic requirement averaged 100 mg of diclofenac (2 tablets).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retroperitoneoscopic pyelolithotomy is a safe, simple, and effective minimally invasive procedure and is a feasible option that can be recommended for management of renal calculi.
authors.affiliation: Maulana Azad Medical College and Association, Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India. drjchander@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jagdish
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.forename: Manav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suryavanshi
authors.forename: Pawan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lal
authors.forename: Lakvinder
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Ramteke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery*; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods