title: Relationship between retinopathy and cirrhosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate ophthalmic disorders with special attention to retinopathy in cirrhotic patients. Vitamin A deficiency-related ophthalmopathy, xerophthalmia, and color blindness may be documented in cirrhosis due to various etiologies. Retinopathy is an obscure feature of cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two cirrhotic patients, who were followed up by Clinics of Gastroenterology, Izmir Ataturk Teaching and Research Hospital, were enrolled to the study. Associated systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension were excluded. Thirty-two healthy volunteers took part as the control subjects. All participants had ophthalmologic examination in the same hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five (15.6%) of the cirrhotic subjects had soft exudate in the retina. None of the control subjects had retinopathy (P<0.05). Intraocular pressure (IOP) measured for both eyes were also significantly lower in the cirrhotics (P<0.05 vs P = 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of other ophthalmic pathologies. The ophthalmic findings did not show up any differences according to the etiology of cirrhosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Soft exudates may develop in cirrhotic patients probably due to loss of synthetic function of liver and hemodynamic effects of portal hypertension. Retinopathy must be sought in cirrhosis because of its severe morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Clinics of Gastroenterology, Izmir Ataturk Teaching and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Colakoglu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Onder
authors.forename: Taskiran
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bengur
authors.forename: Dayi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selcuk
authors.forename: Sozmen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bulent
authors.forename: Unsal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Belkis
authors.forename: Maden
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmet
authors.forename: Pasa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eser
authors.forename: Aslan S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Leyla
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology