title: The role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of systemic and splanchnic vasodilation in cirrhotic rats before and after the onset of ascites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the pathogenesis of splanchnic arterial vasodilation in cirrhosis has been recently debated by some experimental studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the role of NO in the pathogenesis of the splanchnic arterial vasodilation along the course of CCl(4)-induced experimental cirrhosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance (TPR), and resistance in the superior mesenteric artery (RSMA), before and after the administration of a unspecific NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor (Nomega-nitro-L-arginine-methyl-ester, L-NAME) and a specific NOS2 inhibitor (L-N-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine, L-NIL) to cirrhotic rats with and without ascites, and to control rats. NOS2 and NOS3 protein expression was also assessed in systemic and splanchnic arteries of these animals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  L-NAME in cirrhotic rats markedly improved MAP, and TPR and decreased CO regardless of whether they had ascites or not. L-NIL did not produce any significant effect on systemic haemodynamics in control and cirrhotic rats. NOS3 overexpression in the aorta of cirrhotic animals paralleled the progression of the liver disease. L-NAME increased RSMA in cirrhotic rats, but this effect was much less intense in rats with ascites. L-NIL had an effect only on RSMA in rats with ascites, which was of a similar extent to that produced by L-NAME. Western blot experiment showed a faint overexpression of NOS3 in the mesenteric artery of cirrhotic rats with and without ascites and a clear induction of NOS2 only in the mesenteric artery of rats with ascites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that NO contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of arterial splanchnic circulation in the early stages of experimental cirrhosis but has only a minor role in its maintenance after the development of ascites. Furthermore, the expression of the different NOS isoforms varies along the course of the liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35100, Italy pangeli@unipd.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Angeli
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernández-Varo
authors.forename: Virna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dalla Libera
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fasolato
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Galioto
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Arroyo
authors.forename: Antonietta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sticca
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guarda
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gatta
authors.forename: Wladimiro
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiménez
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001201:Ascites / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008106:Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014655:Vascular Resistance; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester