title: [Placebo-controlled blinded study of postoperative pain therapy with carprofen and levomethadone in dogs with fractures].
abstract: It was the aim of this placebo-controlled study to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of the NASAID carprofen and the pure m-agonist levomthadone over a five-day postoperative evaluation period in dogs with fractures of the humerus or the femur (n = 30). Pain and sedation evaluation was carried out with a visual analogues system (VAS) and with the aid of a numerical estimation scale(NRS). The degree of lameness, the pain treshhold, the glucose and cortisol concentration curves as well as the respiration and heart rate and the systolic blood pressure were used as further pain indicators and to identify drug side effects. The levomethadon group displayed the lowest degree of pain on postoperative examination on the first day. On days 2 to 5, the carprofen group showed the lowest degree of pain in comparison to the placebo group. The levomethadon- and the carprofen group showed no statistically proven differences from day 2 on. Due to great variations in the pain scores and comparatively high median pain score especially on the first day of this study, the efficacy of all analgesics evaluated here must be regarded as insufficient in many cases. Only the parameter nociceptive pain treshhold showed a little, the degree of lameness, the glucose and cortisol levels showed no close correlation to the VAS and NRS pain scores and were therefore of little usefulness as postoperative pain indicators. No relevant clinical side effects caused by the used analgesics were detected in the kidney, the liver, the gastrointestinal tract and the circulatory system in this study. Rather, traumatically induced elevation of enzyme levels improves or normalised until the 5th day of the study. In addition, no negative effect on wound healing was noted, especially for carprofen. Therefore, the evaluated analgesics seems to be adequate for postoperative pain therapy also in fracture patients (trauma patients). However, the efficacy of all analgesics evaluated here must be regarded as insufficient in many cases.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für kleine Haustiere,Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover.
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wacker
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nolte
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004285:Dogs / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000662:veterinary; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002227:Carbazoles; C007005:carprofen; D008691:Methadone