title: Acquired sulphonamide resistance genes in faecal Escherichia coli from healthy children in Bolivia and Peru.
abstract: Antimicrobial resistance and sulphonamide resistance determinants were studied in 20 co-trimoxazole resistant Escherichia coli in faecal samples from healthy children in Bolivia and Peru. Methods used were disc diffusion susceptibility tests, PCR, sequence analysis and plasmid conjugation assays. All isolates but one were resistant to at least two different classes of antimicrobials; 19 isolates also carried at least one sul-gene. The most frequent gene was sul2 followed by sul1 and sul3, which was detected in one isolate. This is the first observation of sul3 on the American continent. In conclusion, the high prevalence of sul-genes in this material of faecal commensal E. coli isolates points to a potential role of the faecal flora in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology and Tumor Biology Centre (MTC), Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institute, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Berónica
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Infante
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grape
authors.forename: Mattias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Charlotte
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kristiansson
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pallecchi
authors.forename: Gian Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Rossolini
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kronvall
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001838:Bolivia; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D004094:Dihydropteroate Synthase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D032023:Integrons; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010568:Peru; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; C091882:Sul1 protein, E coli; C491369:Sul2 protein, bacteria; D013449:Sulfonamides; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D004094:Dihydropteroate Synthase; C487459:Sul3 protein, E coli